the asian classics input project rELEASE 2 -iNCLUD-iNGH "tHE pH-iLOSOPH-iCAL d-iCT-iONARY" CONS-iST-iNG OF tWELVE mAJOR nAT-iVE t-iBETAN pH-iLOSOPH-iCAL wORKS tHE cOMPLETE cATALOGED l-iST-iNGS OF sANSKR-iT wORKS -iN ThE uN-iTED sTATES l-iBRARY OF cONGRESS tHE uPDATED cATALOGED l-iST-iNGS OF t-iBETAN wORKS -iN ThE uN-iTED sTATES l-iBRARY OF cONGRESS sPEC-iAL-iZED cOMPUTER pROGRAMS FOR ThE sTUDY AND aNALYS-iS OF ThE aS-iAN cLASS-iCS d-iG-iTAL FORM AND DOCUMENTAT-iON OF tHE aS-iAN cLASS-iCS iNPUT pROJECTH rELEASE 2 COPYR-iGHT ã¾ tHE aS-iAN cLASS-iCS iNPUT pROJECT/ 1990 w-iTh ThE WR-iTTEN PERM-iSS-iON OF ThE aS-iAN cLASS-iCS iNPUT pROJECT/ Th-iS DATA MAY BE FREELY COP-iED/ USED/ AND D-iSTR-iBUTED FOR NON-PROF-iT PR-iVATE AND -iNST-iTUT-iONAL RESEARCH OR EDUCAT-iON. iT MAY NOT BE COP-iED AND RE-SOLD FOR ANY PURPOSE. aNY MOD-iF-iCAT-iON OF ThE DATA PR-iOR TO -iTS RE-D-iSTR-iBUT-iON REQU-iRES WR-iTTEN PERM-iSS-iON OF ThE pROJECT AND A PROM-iNENT NOT-iCE OF SUCH MOD-iF-iCAT-iON. d-iG-iTAL FORM OF ThE cOMPLETE cATALOGED l-iST-iNGS OF sANSKR-iT wORKS OF ThE uN-iTED sTATES l-iBRARY OF cONGRESS AND 1990 cATALOGED l-iST-iNGS OF t-iBETAN wORKS OF ThE uN-iTED sTATES l-iBRARY OF cONGRESS COPYR-iGHT ã¾ tHE l-iBRARY OF cONGRESS/ EXCEPT -iN ThE usa/ 1991. tH-iS DATA HAS BEEN L-iCENSED FROM/ AND A FEE PA-iD TO/ ThE uN-iTED sTATES l-iBRARY OF cONGRESS. rEQUESTS FOR PERM-iSS-iON TO COPY OR D-iSTR-iBUTE ThE RECORDS -iN ANY FORM ShOULD BE REFERRED TO ThE cATALOG-iNG d-iSTR-iBUT-iON sERV-iCE OF ThE l-iBRARY OF cONGRESS/ wASh-iNGTON dc/ usa 20541. l-iST F-iLE V-iEW-iNG AND BROWS-iNG UT-iL-iTY COPYR-iGHT ã¾ wERNON d. bUERG/ 1983-1990. aLL R-iGHTS RESERVED. sEE COPYR-iGHT(L-iCENSE)WARRANTY SECT-iON ON ThE ACCOMPANY-iNG DOCUMENTAT-iON F-iLE. sEEKeASY SEARCH PROGRAM COPYR-iGHT ã¾ cORRELAT-iON sYSTEMS/ 1984-87. aLL R-iGHTS RESERVED. sEE REG-iSTRAT-iON -iNFORMAT-iON ON ThE ACCOMPANY-iNG DOCUMENTAT-iON F-iLE. mULT-il-iNGUA -iNTERNAT-iONAL SPELL-iNG CHECKER ã¾ cONCEPTS iNFO/ 1990. aLL R-iGHTS RESERVED. sEE REG-iSTRAT-iON -iNFORMAT-iON ON ThE ACCOMPANY-iNG DOCUMENTAT-iON F-iLE. rEG-iSTERED TRADEMARKSH gã¾FER -iS A TRADEMARK OF m-iCROLYT-iCS/ iNC. xtREE AND xtREE gOLD ARE TRADEMARKS OF ThE xtREE cOMPANY OF eXECUT-iVE sYSTEMS/ iNC. pARADOX -iS A TRADEMARK OF bORLAND iNTERNAT-iONAL iNC. l-iM-iTS OF L-iAB-iL-iTY AND D-iSCLA-iMER OF WARRANTYH tHE STAFF OF ThE aS-iAN cLASS-iCS iNPUT pROJECT HAVE TO ThE BEST OF ThE-iR AB-iL-iTY ASSURED ThAT ThE DATA/ PR-iNTED -iNFORMAT-iON/ AND PROGRAMS CONTA-iNED OR REV-iEWED -iN Th-iS COMPLEMENTARY RELEASE ARE ACCURATE AND EFFECT-iVE. acip ThOUGH MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY K-iND/ EXPRESSED OR -iMPL-iED/ W-iTh REGARD TO ThESE MATER-iALS/ AND ShALL NOT BE L-iABLE -iN ANY EVENT FOR -iNC-iDENTAL OR CONSEQUENT-iAL DAMAGE -iN CONNECT-iON W-iTh/ OR AR-iS-iNG OUT OF/ ThE FURN-iSh-iNG/ PERFORMANCE/ OR USE OF ThE RELEASE. acip rELEASE 2 -iS AVA-iLABLE ON TWELVE REGULAR 5.25" D-iSKS OR W-iTh OThER D-iSK S-iZES AND DENS-iT-iES AS REQUESTED. tO ORDER/ PLEASE F-iLL OUT ThE ENCLOSED FORM/ OR CONTACT ThE ADDRESSES BELOW. aDD-iT-iONAL D-iSTR-iBUT-iON CENTERS ARE ALSO L-iSTED -iN Th-iS BROCHURE AND MAY ALSO BE CONTACTED. acip OFF-iCES CURRENTLY REQUEST A $15 DONAT-iON/ BY PERSONAL CHECK OR MONEY ORDER -iN ThE us AND BY -iNTERNAT-iONAL MONEY ORDERS -iN us DOLLARS ONLY FROM OUTS-iDE ThE us/ FOR ThE COSTS OF D-iSKS AND HANDL-iNG FOR EACH ORDER OF rELEASE 2. acip W-iLL CONT-iNUE TO SUPPLY ALL RELEASES FREE OF CHARGE TO ANY -iND-iV-iDUAL OR ORGAN-iZAT-iON WHO SUBM-iTS A WR-iTTEN STATEMENT ThAT ThE $15 DONAT-iON WOULD REPRESENT A HARDSh-iP FOR ThEM. tO ORDER D-iSKS/ BROCHURES/ acip PROGRAMS/ PR-iNT-OUTS -iN NAT-iVE SCR-iPT; TO MAKE A TAX-EXEMPT CONTR-iBUT-iON OF USED COMPUTER EQU-iPMENT; OR FOR GENERAL PROJECT UPDATES/ CONTACTH tHE aS-iAN cLASS-iCS iNPUT pROJECT wASh-iNGTON aREA oFF-iCE 11911 mARMARY rOAD gA-iThERSBURG/ mARYLAND usa 20878-1839 TELEPHONEH (301) 948-5569 CONTACTH dR. rOBERT tAYLOR/ ASS-iSTANT PROJECT D-iRECTOR fOR QUEST-iONS ON ED-iTOR-iAL CONTENT/ TEXT -iNPUT SCHEDULES/ PROJECT PART-iC-iPAT-iON/ SUBM-iSS-iON OF ERRORS FOUND/ OR SUPPORT OF PROPOSALS FOR RELATED EFFORTS/ CONTACTH tHE aS-iAN cLASS-iCS iNPUT pROJECT nEW yORK aREA oFF-iCE C(O tHE pR-iNCETON cLUB OF nEW yORK bOX 57 15 wEST 43RD sTREET nEW yORK/ nEW yORK usa 10036 TELEPHONEH (201) 364-1824 ATTENT-iONaH m-iCHAEL rOACH/ PROJECT D-iRECTOR jOHN mALPAS/ CH-iEF PROGRAMMER tO LEARN MORE ABOUT ThE acip OVERSEAS DATA ENTRY CENTER/ OR FOR ADV-iCE ON SETT-iNG UP A S-iM-iLAR OPERAT-iON OVERSEAS/ CONTACTH sERA mEY dRATSANG mAHAYANA pH-iLOSOPHY uN-iVERS-iTY bYLAKUPPE 571-104/ mYSORE d-iSTR-iCT kARNATAKA sTATE/ iND-iA ATTENT-iONaH kHEN r-iNPOCHE gEShE lOBSANG tHARCH-iN/ aBBOT wEN. tHUPTEN pELGYE/ MANAGER/ sERA mEY cOMPUTER cENTER tABLE OF cONTENTS ã¾ wELCOME TO rELEASE 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 ã¾ sTATEMENT OF pURPOSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 ã¾ cONTENTS OF rELEASE 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 tHE pH-iLOSOPH-iCAL d-iCT-iONARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 l-iBRARY OF cONGRESS t-iBETAN AND sANSKR-iT l-iST-iNGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 t-iBETAN sEARCH/ w-iEW/ pR-iNT-iNG/ AND sPELL-cHECK pROGRAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 ã¾ nEW tEXTS cOMPLETED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 ã¾ pART-iC-iPAT-iNG cORRECT-iON pLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 ã¾ rEV-iEW OF ThE f-iRST rELEASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 ã¾ uS-iNG ThE d-iSKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 ã¾ w-iEW-iNG AND pR-iNT-iNG acip dATA -iN nAT-iVE sCR-iPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 ttps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 t-iBETAN! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 lt-iBETAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 aT-iShA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 koa-tECHNOmATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 dRUK mAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 aTAR-i t-iBETAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 cOMPREHENS-iVE CHART OF sANSKR-iT STACKS/ AVA-iLABLE UPON REQUEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 sANSKR-iT PROGRAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 ã¾ aS-iAN-lANGUAGE sPELL-iNG cHECKER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 ã¾ sEARCH pROGRAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 ã¾ hOW acip dATA w-iLL rEVOLUT-iON-iZE ThE sTUDY OF ThE aS-iAN cLASS-iCSH a HYPERTEXT ESSAY ON ThE "V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE" l-iTERAL EXPLANAT-iON OF "PER-iShABLE V-iEW" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 dEF-iN-iT-iON/ OR BAS-iC NATURE/ OF PER-iShABLE V-iEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 gENERAL FUNCT-iON OF PER-iShABLE V-iEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 tYPES AND MEMBERSh-iPS OF PER-iShABLE V-iEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 oBJECTS OF PER-iShABLE V-iEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 mORAL CONTENT OF PER-iShABLE V-iEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 hOW ThE PER-iShABLE V-iEW CAUSES ALL SUFFER-iNG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 hOW ThE PER-iShABLE V-iEW -iS STOPPED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 a SUMMARY OF ThE PATh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 ã¾ oN-l-iNE d-iCT-iONAR-iES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 ã¾ cATALOGS OF cONTENTS OF ThE cOLLECTED wORKS OF mAJOR t-iBETAN wR-iTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 ã¾ l-iST-iNG OF t-iBETAN wORKS aVA-iLABLE -iN fREE aS-iA/ AS OF nOVEMBER 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 ã¾ d-iSTR-iBUT-iON aGREEMENTS W-iTh ThE oXFORD tEXT aRCH-iVE AND ThE l-iNGU-iST-iC iNFORMAT-iON rESEARCH iNST-iTUTE OF tOKYO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 ã¾ cONGRATULAT-iONS TO gEShE lOBSANG tHARCH-iN AND sERA mEY t-iBETAN mONAST-iC uN-iVERS-iTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 ã¾ fUTURE pLANS/ AND hOW yOU cAN hELP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 ã¾ tHE iNTERNAT-iONAL sCHOLARS' aDDRESS dATABASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 ã¾ cALL FOR uSED cOMPUTER eQU-iPMENT AND pROGRAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 ã¾ cATALOG OF acip tEXTS iNPUT TO dATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 sAMPLE pAGE FROM rELEASE 2 pR-iNTED ON ThE t-iBETAN! wORD-pROCESS-iNG pROGRAM wELCOME TO rELEASE 2 tHE aS-iAN cLASS-iCS iNPUT pROJECT -iS PLEASED TO ANNOUNCE -iTS SECOND RELEASE OF -iMPORTANT aS-iAN L-iTERATURE -iN SEARCHABLE COMPUTER FORMAT. tHE DATA HAS BEEN PREPARED -iN STANDARD ascii CHARACTERS AND CAN BE READ W-iTh ANY WORD PROCESSOR ON V-iRTUALLY ANY PERSONAL COMPUTER. aS OF ThE DATE OF Th-iS RELEASE/ MORE ThAN 50 SEPARATE T-iTLES CONTA-iN-iNG 25 M-iLL-iON BYTES OF DATA (OR ABOUT 4.5 M-iLL-iON WORDS) HAVE BEEN -iNPUT ThROUGH ThE PROJECT. sTATEMENT OF pURPOSE tHE PURPOSE OF ThE PROJECT WAS PUT FORTh AS FOLLOWS -iN ThE BROCHURE ACCOMPANY-iNG ThE F-iRST RELEASE OF DATA -iN mARCH 1990H tHE aS-iAN cLASS-iCS iNPUT pROJECT HAS BEEN ORGAN-iZED FOR ThE PURPOSE OF PRESERV-iNG AND FURThER-iNG ThE STUDY OF -iMPORTANT EXAMPLES OF aS-iAN L-iTERATURE/ ThROUGH ThE CREAT-iON AND D-iSTR-iBUT-iON OF -iNEXPENS-iVE COMPUTER D-iSKS CONTA-iN-iNG ThESE WORKS -iN A S-iMPLE AND ACCURATE D-iG-iTAL FORM. tHE -iN-iT-iAL GOAL OF ThE PROJECT -iS TO -iNPUT ThE kANGYUR AND tENGYUR COLLECT-iONS OF CLASS-iCAL sANSKR-iT L-iTERATURE -iN t-iBETAN TRANSLAT-iON. tHE 4/500 WORKS OF ThESE COLLECT-iONS REPRESENT ThE CREAM OF aS-iAN PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL ThOUGHT FROM ThE PER-iOD OF 500 bc TO 900 ad. w-iTh FEW EXCEPT-iONS ThE sANSKR-iT OR-iG-iNALS HAVE BEEN LOST/ AND SURV-iVE ONLY -iN FA-iThFUL t-iBETAN RENDER-iNGS PROTECTED OVER CENTUR-iES BY ThE NATURAL BARR-iER OF ThE h-iMALAYA MOUNTA-iNS. tHE PROJECT A-iMS TO MAKE ThESE TEXTS/ ALONG W-iTh RESEARCH TOOLS SUCH AS D-iCT-iONAR-iES AND B-iBL-iOGRAPH-iES/ EAS-iLY ACCESS-iBLE ON ThE PERSONAL COMPUTERS OF RESEARCHERS AROUND ThE WORLD. tH-iS W-iLL ST-iMULATE ThE TRANSLAT-iON OF ThE COLLECT-iONS/ AND GRADUALLY OPEN Th-iS TREASURE OF KNOWLEDGE TO ThE GENERAL PUBL-iC. tH-iS -iNFLUX OF ThE GREAT -iDEAS OF ThE OThER HALF OF MANK-iND W-iLL DEEPLY ENR-iCH OUR wESTERN CULTURE/ AND -iNEV-iTABLY LEAD TO GREATER UNDERSTAND-iNG BETWEEN ThE PEOPLES OF ThE WORLD. tHE CHO-iCE OF t-iBETAN-LANGUAGE TEXTS -iS ALSO D-iCTATED BY A CONCERN ThAT RECENT POL-iT-iCAL EVENTS MAY QU-iCKLY ERASE ThE t-iBETAN PEOPLE ThEMSELVES AND ThE R-iCH STORE OF aS-iAN CLASS-iCS ThEY HAVE CAREFULLY COLLECTED AND PRESERVED OVER A COMPLETE M-iLLENN-iUM. tHE ENT-iRE -iNPUT WORK HAS ThEREFORE BEEN ACCOMPL-iShED AT A TRAD-iT-iONAL t-iBETAN MONAST-iC UN-iVERS-iTY BY NAT-iVE REFUGEE SCHOLARS TRA-iNED/ EQU-iPPED/ AND SALAR-iED BY ThE PROJECT. cONTENTS OF rELEASE 2 a. tHE pH-iLOSOPH-iCAL d-iCT-iONARY tHE SECOND RELEASE OF acip DATA CONTA-iNS F-iRST OF ALL SOME 12 VALUABLE PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL REFERENCE WORKS ON CLASS-iCAL sANSKR-iT L-iTERATURE BY NAT-iVE t-iBETAN SCHOLARS OF ThE 15Th TO ThE 19Th cENTUR-iES. tHESE AUThORS -iNCLUDEH jE tSONGKAPA/ lOBSANG dRAKPA (RjE tZONG-KHA-PA/ bLO-BZANG GRAGS-PA/ 1357-1419) tHE f-iRST pANCHEN lAMA/ lOBSANG cHUKY-i gYALTSEN (pAã¾-CHEN bLO-BZANG CHOS-KY-i RGYAL-MTSAN/ 1567?-1662) sERMEY kEDRUP tENPA dARGYE (sER-SMAD MKHAS-GRUB BStAN-PA DAR-RGYAS/ 1493-1568) gYALWANG tR-iNLEY nAMGYAL (rGYAL-DBANG 'pHR-iN-LAS RNAM-RGYAL/ AKA bLO-BZANG 'PHR-iN-LAS RNAM-RGYAL OR bLO-BZANG 'PHR-iN-LAS YE-ShES/ FL. 1850) pANGLUNG lOBSANG tUKJE (SpANG-LUNG bLO-BZANG ThUGS-RJE/ AKA dAD-PA MKHAN-PO/ C. 1750) tHE WORKS OF ThESE WR-iTERS HAVE BEEN CHOSEN FOR ThREE REASONS. f-iRST/ ThEY ARE WR-iTTEN -iN ThE D-iALECT-iC GENRE (Y-iG-CHA) OF ThE TRAD-iT-iONAL MED-iEVAL t-iBETAN MONAST-iC UN-iVERS-iTY AND ThEREFORE CONTA-iN CONC-iSE DEF-iN-iT-iONS AND D-iV-iS-iONS OF ThE MAJOR PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL CONCEPTS PRESENTED -iN ThE kANGYUR AND tENGYUR COLLECT-iONS OF CLASS-iCAL sANSKR-iT L-iTERATURE TARGETED FOR -iNPUT BY acip. tHE TEXTS -iNCLUDED HERE ACT AS A SORT OF PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL D-iCT-iONARY TO ThE TWO COLLECT-iONS; SEARCHES FOR ThE WORDS RTEN-'BREL (sKTH PRATã¾TYA-SAMUTPã¾DA) AND NGES-DON (sKTH Nã¾Tã¾RThA) NEAR ThE WORD "DEF-iN-iT-iON" (MTSAN-NY-iD) W-iLL FOR EXAMPLE Y-iELD ShORT COMPREHENS-iVE TREATMENTS OF ThE CONCEPTS OF CAUSAL-iTY AND OF L-iTERAL (AS OPPOSED TO F-iGURAT-iVE) PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL MEAN-iNG. rELEASE 2 REPRESENTS ONLY ThE BEG-iNN-iNG OF ThE "PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL D-iCT-iONARY" CONCEPT; ThE FULL VERS-iON W-iLL REQU-iRE NEARLY F-iVE T-iMES MORE DATA ENTRY/ MUCH OF WH-iCH HAS ALREADY BEEN COMPLETED/ ThOUGH NOT YET PROOFED FOR F-iNAL RELEASE. sECONDLY/ WORK ON ThE kANGYUR AND tENGYUR COLLECT-iONS ThEMSELVES HAS BEEN SUSPENDED WH-iLE NEGOT-iAT-iONS FOR OBTA-iN-iNG A MORE ACCURATE ED-iT-iON ARE COMPLETED. oNE -iMPORTANT RESULT OF acip'S F-iRST YEAR OF WORK WAS TO ASCERTA-iN ThAT SECT-iONS OF ThE MOST COMMONLY AVA-iLABLE VERS-iON (ThE dELH-i REPR-iNT OF ThE dERGE ED-iT-iON) OF ThE tENGYUR -iN PART-iCULAR WERE CORRUPT AND NOT APPROPR-iATE FOR -iNPUT. aTTEMPTS TO SECURE A "CLEAN" ED-iT-iON ARE DESCR-iBED BELOW. f-iNALLY/ ThE CHO-iCE OF WORKS FOR -iNPUT WAS DEC-iDED ON ThE BAS-iS OF A RARE-TEXT PRESERVAT-iON PROJECT -iN-iT-iATED BY ONE OF ThE MAJOR t-iBETAN PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL UN-iVERS-iT-iES/ sERA mEY dRATSANG/ WH-iCH -iS ThE S-iTE OF ThE acip DATA ENTRY CENTER. tH-iS EFFORT TO UT-iL-iZE COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY FOR REPR-iNT-iNG AN ENT-iRE SER-iES OF ENDANGERED CLASS-iCAL PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL TEXTS -iS ALSO DETA-iLED FURThER ON -iN Th-iS BROCHURE. b. l-iBRARY OF cONGRESS t-iBETAN AND sANSKR-iT l-iST-iNGS tHE F-iRST RELEASE OF acip DATA FEATURED ThE ENT-iRE AVA-iLABLE L-iST-iNGS OF ThE uN-iTED sTATES l-iBRARY OF cONGRESS HOLD-iNGS OF t-iBETAN-LANGUAGE PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL L-iTERATURE/ -iNCLUD-iNG BOTh NAT-iVE t-iBETAN WORKS AND TRANSLAT-iONS OF ThE OR-iG-iNAL sANSKR-iT COLLECT-iONS. rELEASE 2 UPDATES Th-iS -iNFORMAT-iON W-iTh ALL ADD-iT-iONAL WORKS CATALOGED AT ThE l-iBRARY DUR-iNG ThE LAST YEAR. tHESE L-iST-iNGS NEARLY COMPLETE ThE BODY OF NEARLY 20 YEARS OF t-iBETAN ACQU-iS-iT-iONS BY ThE l-iBRARY DUR-iNG -iTS ADM-iRABLE pUBL-iC lAW 480 PROGRAM. tH-iS PROJECT BY -iTSELF RESULTED -iN ThE RESCUE OF ThOUSANDS OF RARE AND -iMPORTANT aS-iAN CLASS-iCS AFTER ThE -iNVAS-iON OF t-iBET AND SUBSEQUENT "cULTURAL" rEVOLUT-iON; ThE -iNTERNAT-iONAL SCHOLARLY COMMUN-iTY OWES A GREAT DEBT TO ThE l-iBRARY AND TO e. gENE sM-iTh/ WHO D-iRECTED ThE EFFORT. wE ARE HAPPY TO REPORT ThAT ThE l-iBRARY OF cONGRESS HAS ALSO ALLOWED acip TO L-iCENSE ThE COMPLETE L-iST-iNGS OF -iTS sANSKR-iT L-iTERATURE HOLD-iNGS. rESEARCHERS W-iLL NOW BE ABLE TO LOCATE ANY EXTANT sANSKR-iT OR-iG-iNAL FOR TRANSLAT-iONS AND COMMENTAR-iAL L-iTERATURE WH-iCH ThEY ARE STUDY-iNG -iN t-iBETAN OR OThER COMMON LANGUAGES OF aS-iAN PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL SCHOLARSh-iP. c. t-iBETAN sEARCH/ w-iEW/ pR-iNT-iNG/ AND sPELL-cHECK pROGRAMS rELEASE 2 LASTLY CONTA-iNS VERY USEFUL PROGRAMS FOR MAK-iNG FULL USE OF acip DATA. aGA-iN WE HAVE -iNCLUDED ThE EXCELLENT l-iST PROGRAM OF mR. wERNON bUERG/ WH-iCH ALLOWS V-iEW-iNG AND SEARCH-iNG OF ThE DATA. tHE PROGRAM HERE -iN rELEASE 2 HAS BEEN UPDATED TO VERS-iON 7.5/ -iSSUED -iN sEPTEMBER 1990/ AND USERS OF ThE F-iRST RELEASE M-iGHT WANT TO REPLACE ThE OLDER VERS-iON ON ThE-iR COMPUTERS. a SECOND SEARCH PROGRAM/ sEEKeASY/ ALSO APPEARS AGA-iN; USERS ShOULD REFER TO ThE BROCHURE FROM ThE F-iRST RELEASE FOR DETA-iLS ON OPERAT-iNG ThESE PROGRAMS. aN EXC-iT-iNG NEW MEMBER OF ThE PROGRAM SU-iTE -iN rELEASE 2 -iS cONCEPT iNFO'S mULT-il-iNGUA/ A SPELL-iNG CHECKER FOR FORE-iGN LANGUAGES ThAT CAN BE CUSTOM-iZED BY -iND-iV-iDUAL USERS TO F-iT ThE-iR PART-iCULAR NEEDS. a SEPARATE ART-iCLE BELOW DESCR-iBES HOW Th-iS PROGRAM CAN PROV-iDE A POWERFUL TOOL FOR ThE STUDY OF CLASS-iCAL aS-iAN L-iTERATURE. a STANDARD SPELL-CHECKER F-iLE FOR t-iBETAN HAS BEEN PROV-iDED BY acip TOGEThER W-iTh ThE PROGRAM'S BAS-iC eNGL-iSh CHECKER. a GREAT NUMBER OF acip DATA USERS HAVE REQUESTED HELP -iN V-iEW-iNG OR PR-iNT-iNG F-iLES -iN NAT-iVE SCR-iPTS. acip STAFF MEMBERS HAVE WR-iTTEN A PA-iR OF MACROS ThAT CONVERT acip DATA TO ThE FORMAT REQU-iRED FOR D-iSPLAY-iNG -iT -iN t-iBETAN ON SCREEN/ AND PR-iNT-iNG -iT OUT -iN AN ATTRACT-iVE STANDARD-iZED BOOK FORM/ W-iTh A H-iGH-QUAL-iTY t-iBETAN WORD-PROCESS-iNG PROGRAM ThAT HAS RECENTLY BECOME AVA-iLABLE. tHE CONVERS-iON MACROS ARE -iNCLUDED -iN rELEASE 2/ AND DETA-iLS ON ThE-iR USE ARE PROV-iDED -iN A SEPARATE ART-iCLE BELOW. nEW tEXTS cOMPLETED oVER 25 NEW VOLUMES OF TEXT/ -iNCLUD-iNG -iMPORTANT REFERENCE WORKS/ EARLY sANSKR-iT CLASS-iCS ALONG W-iTh ThE-iR COMMENTAR-iES -iN t-iBETAN TRANSLAT-iON (Sã¾TRA AND ã¾ã¾STRA MATER-iAL)/ AND FURThER ADD-iT-iONS TO ThE PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL D-iCT-iONARY HAVE BEEN SUCCESSFULLY -iNPUT BY OPERATORS FROM ThE acip COMPUTER CENTER AT sERA mEY t-iBETAN mONAST-iC uN-iVERS-iTY. a FULL CATALOG OF ThESE TEXTS APPEARS AT ThE BACK OF Th-iS BROCHURE; ThEY W-iLL BE RELEASED TO ThE PUBL-iC AS SOON AS ThE F-iNAL SCREEN-iNG FOR ERRORS -iS F-iN-iShED. pART-iC-iPAT-iNG cORRECT-iON pLAN uSERS OF acip DATA WHO ARE -iN PART-iCULAR NEED OF ONE OF ThE UNRELEASED TEXTS FOR ThE-iR RESEARCH WORK MAY OBTA-iN AN ADVANCE/ UNCORRECTED COPY BY JO-iN-iNG ThE pART-iC-iPAT-iNG cORRECT-iON pLAN. tH-iS CAN BE DONE BY REV-iEW-iNG ONE OR MORE OF ThE TEXTS RELEASED TO DATE AND SUBM-iTT-iNG ANY 10 SUSPECTED ERRORS; FOR EVERY L-iST OF 10 SUBM-iTTED/ ThE USER -iS ENT-iTLED TO RECE-iVE AN ADVANCE COPY OF ANY ONE TEXT REQUESTED. wE ARE PLEASED TO REPORT ThAT A NUMBER OF SCHOLARS FROM SEVERAL D-iFFERENT COUNTR-iES SUBM-iTTED L-iSTS OF SUSPECTED ERRORS -iN ThE F-iRST RELEASE/ AND ThAT ONLY A HANDFUL OF ACTUAL -iNPUT ERRORS WERE CONF-iRMED -iN ThE SUBSTANT-iAL AMOUNT OF DATA MADE AVA-iLABLE. rEV-iEW OF ThE f-iRST rELEASE iNTERNAT-iONAL RESPONSE TO ThE F-iRST RELEASE OF acip DATA -iN ThE SPR-iNG OF 1990 WAS UNEXPECTED AND OVERWHELM-iNG. bY ThE T-iME ALL REQUESTS WERE F-iLLED/ OVER 5/000 D-iSKS -iN BOXES OF 12 D-iSKS EACH WERE SENT OUT FREE OF CHARGE TO RESEARCHERS -iN V-iRTUALLY EVERY COUNTRY OF ThE WORLD WHERE COMPUTERS ARE USED. tHE VOLUME OF MA-iL RECE-iVED WAS MUCH MORE ThAN acip STAFF MEMBERS COULD RESPOND TO/ AND WE WOULD L-iKE TO APOLOG-iZE HERE TO USERS WHO WROTE -iN W-iTh QUEST-iONS OR COMMENTS ThAT HAVE NOT YET BEEN ANSWERED. wE VALUE Th-iS CORRESPONDENCE AND HOPE ThAT USERS W-iLL CONT-iNUE TO WR-iTE; EVERY -iDEA FOR -iMPROV-iNG ThE PROJECT -iS CAREFULLY CONS-iDERED AND -iMPLEMENTED WHERE POSS-iBLE. tHE COST OF DUPL-iCAT-iNG AND D-iSTR-iBUT-iNG ThE 5/000 D-iSKS WAS OBV-iOUSLY MUCH MORE ThAN ThE PROJECT HAD ANT-iC-iPATED. tHE EXPENSE OF MA-iNTA-iN-iNG ThE DATA ENTRY CENTER AT sERA mEY mONAST-iC uN-iVERS-iTY -iN SOUThERN iND-iA -iS ALSO SUBSTANT-iAL/ AND acip CONT-iNUES TO MAKE A CONTR-iBUT-iON TO ThE uN-iVERS-iTY OF FOUR DOLLARS FOR EVERY DOLLAR EARNED BY ThE YOUNG MONKS TRA-iNED AND EQU-iPPED BY ThE PROJECT AS DATA ENTRY OPERATORS. tHE DONATED FUNDS ARE APPL-iED TO ThE sERA mEY sCHOLARSh-iP fUND/ FROM WH-iCH EVERY TEACHER AND STUDENT AT ThE uN-iVERS-iTY RECE-iVES A ST-iPEND FOR FOOD. tHE MONKS ARE REFUGEES AND EXTREMELY POOR; ThE FOOD ST-iPEND HAS HELPED CHECK ThE SPREAD OF TUBERCULOS-iS AND OThER D-iSEASES RELATED TO MALNUTR-iT-iON AT ThE uN-iVERS-iTY. eXPEND-iTURES BY ThE PROJECT TO DATE HAVE TOTALLED SOME $97/000. mAJOR SPONSORS HAVE BEEN ThE dAV-iD AND lUC-iLE pACKARD fOUNDAT-iON/ ThE pACKARD hUMAN-iT-iES iNST-iTUTE/ aND-iN iNTERNAT-iONAL d-iAMOND/ ThE mAHAYANA sUTRA AND tANTRA cENTER/ rASh-i gEMP-iL l-iNG kALMYK mONGOL-iAN-aMER-iCAN sOC-iETY/ AND sERA mEY t-iBETAN mONAST-iC uN-iVERS-iTY. aS-iDE FROM ThE REFUGEE MONKS WHO ARE ACT-iNG AS -iNPUT OPERATORS/ ALL acip STAFF WORK ON A VOLUNTEER BAS-iS. iN ORDER TO REL-iEVE DOMEST-iC ED-iTORS AND MANAGEMENT STAFF OF ThE T-iME-CONSUM-iNG TASKS OF D-iSK DUPL-iCAT-iON/ PACK-iNG/ AND Sh-iPP-iNG/ ThESE DUT-iES HAVE BEEN ASSUMED BY wEN. tENZ-iN sANGPO/ A YOUNG t-iBETAN MONK-SCHOLAR SERV-iNG ThE mONGOL-iAN-aMER-iCAN COMMUN-iTY OF nEW jERSEY/ usa. tO ALLOW wEN. sANGPO TO CONT-iNUE Th-iS WORK AND ASSURE ThAT ThE D-iSTR-iBUT-iON OF DATA CAN CONT-iNUE -iNTO ThE FUTURE/ acip HAS -iNST-iTUTED A POL-iCY OF REQUEST-iNG A DONAT-iON FOR D-iSKS SUPPL-iED. wE W-iLL CONT-iNUE TO SEND D-iSKS FREE OF CHARGE TO ANY USER WHO -iND-iCATES ON ThE ORDER FORM ThAT Th-iS DONAT-iON WOULD BE A HARDSh-iP FOR H-iM. uS-iNG ThE D-iSKS rEC-iP-iENTS OF ThE F-iRST acip RELEASE REPORTED FEW D-iFF-iCULT-iES -iN US-iNG ThE D-iSKS. tHE l-iST V-iEW-iNG PROGRAM -iS SUPPL-iED W-iTh EACH BATCH OF DATA AND ALLOWS QU-iCK READ-iNG AND SEARCH-iNG OF ThE DATA. pLEASE NOTE ThAT MOST acip DATA -iS PROV-iDED -iN ThE NAT-iVE LANGUAGES--t-iBETAN TRANSLAT-iONS OF sANSKR-iT CLASS-iCS/ OR-iG-iNAL t-iBETAN WORKS/ AND sANSKR-iT-ONLY CATALOGS. tHE D-iSKS DO NOT CONTA-iN eNGL-iSh TRANSLAT-iONS/ ALThOUGH ThERE ARE SOME eNGL-iSh-LANGUAGE NOTES -iN ThE l-iBRARY OF cONGRESS L-iST-iNGS. iT -iS -iN FACT ThE HOPE OF ThE PROJECT ThAT -iT W-iLL -iNSP-iRE ThE TRANSLAT-iON OF ThESE VALUABLE WORKS -iNTO ThE LANGUAGES OF ThE MODERN WORLD -iN GENERAT-iONS TO COME. acip DATA -iS SUPPL-iED -iN TRANSCR-iPT-iON/ -iN rOMAN CHARACTERS US-iNG ThE SYSTEM OF ThE GOVERNMENT OF t-iBET/ DEVELOPED BY pROF. nGAWANG tHONDUP nARKY-iD AND OThERS AT ThE l-iBRARY OF t-iBETAN wORKS AND aRCH-iVES. a FEW ADD-iT-iONS TO Th-iS SYSTEM HAVE BEEN -iNCORPORATED TO ALLOW FOR CHARACTERS NOT EAS-iLY D-iSPLAYED ON A STANDARD COMPUTER MON-iTOR; ThESE ARE -iNCLUDED -iN ThE STANDARD TRANSCR-iPT-iON CHART ATTACHED. rESEARCHERS WHO USE ThE F-iLES OF sANSKR-iT L-iST-iNGS FROM ThE l-iBRARY OF cONGRESS ShOULD NOTE ThAT ThEY HAVE FOR ThE MOST PART BEEN CONVERTED TO ThE EQU-iVALENT t-iBETAN TRANSCR-iPT-iON. tH-iS WAS NECESSARY S-iNCE ThE COMMONLY USED D-iACR-iT-iCAL MARKS FOR ThE rOMAN TRANSCR-iPT-iON OF sANSKR-iT ARE NOT REPRODUCED PROPERLY ON ALL ibm-TYPE COMPUTERS CURRENTLY -iN USE/ AND ALSO BECAUSE -iT W-iLL NOW BE POSS-iBLE TO SEARCH ThE DATA--BOTh t-iBETAN AND sANSKR-iT TOGEThER--US-iNG ThE ORD-iNARY SET OF LETTERS ON ThE KEYBOARD. tHE BEST APPROACH TO US-iNG ThESE L-iST-iNGS EFFECT-iVELY -iS TO V-iEW ThE F-iLES F-iRST AND FAM-iL-iAR-iZE ONESELF W-iTh ThE TRANSCR-iPT-iON/ PART-iCULARLY ThE USE OF 'A FOR ã¾ AND SO FORTh W-iTh ThE LONG VOWELS. iNSTRUCT-iONS FOR A "QU-iCK START/" LEARN-iNG TO USE acip DATA D-iSKS A FEW M-iNUTES OUT OF ThE BOX/ ARE -iNCLUDED W-iTh EACH BATCH OF D-iSKS SENT OUT. acip DATA COMES -iN STANDARD ascii FORMAT W-iTh NO ADD-iT-iONAL COMMAND OR OThER CODES. tH-iS MEANS ThAT -iT CAN BE READ ON ANY ibm-COMPAT-iBLE COMPUTER/ US-iNG ALMOST ANY WORD PROCESSOR (CHECK YOUR WORD PROCESSOR'S -iNSTRUCT-iONS ABOUT -iMPORT-iNG AND READ-iNG A STANDARD ascii F-iLE). tHE DATA HAS ALSO BEEN SUCCESSFULLY CONVERTED -iNTO aPPLE FORMAT FOR USE ON mAC-iNTOSh COMPUTERS; FOLLOW ThE -iNSTRUCT-iONS -iN YOUR aPPLE WORD-PROCESS-iNG PROGRAM FOR CONVERT-iNG A dos F-iLE/ OR SEEK HELP FROM YOUR LOCAL aPPLE COMPUTER DEALER. nEWER aPPLE MACH-iNES CAN EVEN ACCEPT A dos D-iSK D-iRECTLY. rESEARCHERS CONNECTED W-iTh ThE F-iNE t-iBETAN L-iTERATURE AND PH-iLOSOPHY PROGRAM HEADED BY dR. jEFFREY hOPK-iNS AT ThE uN-iVERS-iTY OF w-iRG-iN-iA/ usa/ HAVE DEVELOPED A NUMBER OF WAYS TO UT-iL-iZE acip DATA ON mAC-iNTOSh MACH-iNES/ AND HAVE OFFERED TO ASS-iST acip USERS WHO OWN aPPLES W-iTh ANY QUEST-iONS OR PROBLEMS ThEY M-iGHT HAVE. pLEASE CONTACT ONE OF ThE FOLLOW-iNGH dR. r-iCHARD mART-iN dR. w-iLL-iAM mAGEE sOUTh aS-iAN b-iBL-iOGRAPHER iNSTRUCTOR/ dEPT OF rEL-iG-iOUS sTUD-iES aLDERMAN l-iBRARY cOCKE hALL uN-iVERS-iTY OF w-iRG-iN-iA uN-iVERS-iTY OF w-iRG-iN-iA cHARLOTTESV-iLLE/ w-iRG-iN-iA cHARLOTTESV-iLLE/ w-iRG-iN-iA usa 22903 usa 22903 TELEPHONEH (804) 924-4981 TELEPHONEH OFF-iCE/ (804) 924-0829 ELECTRON-iC MA-iLH RBM@V-iRG-iN-iA.EDU HOME/ (804) 293-8923 EMA-iLH WAM7C@FARADAY.V-iRG-iN-iA.B-iTNET w-iEW-iNG AND pR-iNT-iNG acip dATA -iN nAT-iVE sCR-iPTS acip DATA -iS SUPPL-iED -iN rOMAN LETTERS BECAUSE ThESE CAN BE EAS-iLY -iNPUT W-iThOUT ANY SPEC-iAL COMPUTER PROGRAMS OR KEYBOARD TRA-iN-iNG; QU-iCKLY SEARCHED W-iTh ALL COMMON F-iND UT-iL-iT-iES; EAS-iLY CONVERTED TO ALTERNATE TRANSCR-iPT-iON SYSTEMS OR NAT-iVE-SCR-iPT SYSTEMS W-iTh-iN A MATTER OF M-iNUTES; D-iSPLAYED ON ANY TYPE OF MON-iTOR; AND READ BY ANY RESEARCHER WHO USES A COMPUTER ON A REGULAR BAS-iS. iT WAS ALSO HOPED ThAT ThE YOUNG REFUGEE ENTRY OPERATORS WOULD BENEF-iT BY LEARN-iNG TO TOUCH-TYPE ON A NORMAL eNGL-iSh KEYBOARD/ AND AS DESCR-iBED BELOW Th-iS HAS CERTA-iNLY PROVED ThE CASE W-iTh ThE-iR CONTRACT WORK FOR ThE l-iBRARY OF cONGRESS. oN MANY OCCAS-iONS ThOUGH -iT W-iLL BE DES-iRABLE TO V-iEW OR PR-iNT acip DATA -iN NAT-iVE SCR-iPT/ AND ThE FOLLOW-iNG T-iPS ON VAR-iOUS PROGRAMS ARE SUPPL-iED TO FAC-iL-iTATE Th-iS. aN ACCOMPANY-iNG CHART G-iVES A QU-iCK CLEAR V-iEW OF ThE COMPARAT-iVE BENEF-iTS AND COSTS OF ThE PROGRAMS. pLEASE NOTE ThAT ThESE AND OThER REV-iEWS OF COMMERC-iAL COMPUTER PROGRAMS -iN Th-iS DOCUMENT ARE PROV-iDED ONLY AS A PUBL-iC SERV-iCE. acip -iS A NON-PROF-iT EFFORT AND MAKES NO COMMERC-iAL ENDORSEMENT OF ANY PROGRAM L-iSTED. iN SOME CASES WE DO NOT HAVE ENOUGH STAFF T-iME TO USE A PRODUCT LONG ENOUGH TO ENCOUNTER EVERY "BUG" -iT MAY HAVE. uSERS ARE ENCOURAGED TO TRY OUT ANY COMMERC-iAL PROGRAM BEFORE PURCHAS-iNG -iT/ AND ThEN TO REG-iSTER FOR ThE PROGRAM PROPERLY. a GOOD REV-iEW OF NEARLY ALL ThE PROGRAMS MENT-iONED BELOW HAS -iNC-iDENTALLY BEEN WR-iTTEN BY mR. rE-iD fOSSEY -iN COLLABORAT-iON W-iTh mR. pETER lOFT-iNG/ AND APPEARED -iN ThE 1990 nias rEPORT PUBL-iShED BY ThE nORD-iC iNST-iTUTE OF aS-iAN sTUD-iES/ 84 nJALSGADE/ dk-2300 cOPENaHAGEN s/ dENMARK/ TELEPHONE (+45) 31-54-88-44. sAMPLES OF ThE PR-iNT-OUT FROM MANY OF ThE PROGRAMS ARE -iNCLUDED/ AND ORDER-iNG -iNFORMAT-iON ATTACHED; SOME OF Th-iS -iNFORMAT-iON HAS BEEN -iNCORPORATED HERE/ W-iTh ThE PERM-iSS-iON OF ThE AUThOR. 1. ttps w-iTh A FEW EXCEPT-iONS/ acip DATA COMES READY TO PR-iNT OUT ON ThE t-iBETAN tEXT pROCESS-iNG sYSTEM (ttps) DEVELOPED BY mR. sTEVEN bRUZGUL-iS AND gEShE lOBSANG tHARCH-iN OF ThE mAHAYANA sUTRA AND tANTRA cENTER OF nEW jERSEY/ usa. tHESE EXCEPT-iONS ARE MOSTLY STACKS OF sANSKR-iT LETTERS -iN t-iBETAN TRANSCR-iPT-iON WH-iCH PRESENT SPEC-iAL PROBLEMS -iN V-iEW-iNG AND PR-iNT-iNG W-iTh COMPUTERS. iT -iS NECESSARY FOR USERS OF Th-iS PROGRAM TO -iSOLATE ThESE NON-PR-iNTABLE LETTER STACKS US-iNG ThE PROGRAM'S ERROR-DETECT-iON UT-iL-iTY/ AND MARK ThESE -iN BRACES BEFORE PR-iNT-iNG (ThESE CHARACTERS W-iLL ThEN APPEAR -iN rOMAN TRANSCR-iPT-iON). tHE D-iRECTOR OF ThE acip OFF-iCE -iN ThE wASh-iNGTON dc AREA/ dR. rOBERT tAYLOR/ HAS DEVELOPED A PROGRAM NAMED rETSEK FOR CONVERT-iNG acip DATA AUTOMAT-iCALLY TO ttps PR-iNTABLE F-iLES; ThE PROGRAM -iS -iNCLUDED -iN rELEASE 2/ AND ThE PR-iNTABLE F-iLES FOR ALL MATER-iAL RELEASED ARE ALSO AVA-iLABLE ThROUGH ThE wASh-iNGTON OFF-iCE. tHE ttps PROGRAM SUPPORTS ONLY tOSh-iBA 24-P-iN PR-iNTERS. pR-iNT-OUT QUAL-iTY -iS FA-iRLY GOOD; ThE FONT HAS BEEN DEVELOPED BASED ON ThE lHASA sHOL PR-iNT-iNG OF ThE kANGYUR/ CONS-iDERED ONE OF ThE F-iNEST EXAMPLES OF t-iBETAN WOODCARV-iNG. a rOMAN FONT -iS -iNCLUDED (W-iTh sANSKR-iT D-iACR-iT-iCS)/ AND eNGL-iSh CAN BE -iNTERSPERSED W-iTh t-iBETAN/ ALThOUGH ThE LETTERS CAN ONLY BE PR-iNTED OUT -iN ONE PO-iNT S-iZE. t-iBETAN SCR-iPT CAN BE V-iEWED ON SCREEN W-iTh ThE ttps PROGRAM BUT ONLY -iN A VERY ELEMENTARY WAY FROM BEG-iNN-iNG TO END OF TEXT/ W-iThOUT SCROLL-iNG BACKWARDS OR SK-iPP-iNG AHEAD. tHE PROGRAM -iNCLUDES BAS-iC WORD-PROCESS-iNG FEATURES AND HAS A VERY LOW PR-iCE OF $40 COMPLETE. iT ALSO HAS ThE MOST MODEST HARDWARE REQU-iREMENTS OF ANY S-iM-iLAR PROGRAM REV-iEWED HERE; COMPUTER AND PR-iNTER TOGEThER W-iLL COST FROM us $800 TO $1200/ AND NO FURThER PROGRAMS ARE NEEDED. tHE PROGRAM -iS FA-iRLY EASY TO USE/ AND -iS PERHAPS ThE BEST CHO-iCE FOR MODERATE NEEDS OF SMALL ORGAN-iZAT-iONS WHO DO NOT NEED AN EXTENS-iVE AB-iL-iTY TO PR-iNT sANSKR-iT -iN t-iBETAN TRANSCR-iPT-iON. fOR -iNFORMAT-iON/ CONTACT ThE ADDRESS L-iSTED -iN ThE ACCOMPANY-iNG CHART. 2. t-iBETAN! acip DATA W-iLL ALSO/ W-iTh A FEW S-iMPLE ADJUSTMENTS/ WORK WELL ON ThE NEWLY-RELEASED t-iBETAN! PROGRAM FROM cOLORADO/ usa. aS REPORTED BELOW/ acip STAFF HAVE SUCCESSFULLY USED ThE PROGRAM -iN RECENT MONThS FOR PARTS OF A MAJOR aS-iAN CLASS-iCS PR-iNT-iNG PROJECT. tHE OUTPUT FROM ThE PROGRAM -iS EXCELLENT/ AND PREFERRED BY MOST NAT-iVE t-iBETAN SCHOLARS TO ThE OThER FONTS REV-iEWED HERE. a SAMPLE PAGE PRODUCED W-iTh ACTUAL DATA FROM rELEASE 2 -iS -iNCLUDED HERE. tHE t-iBETAN FONT -iS SCALABLE SO -iNCLUDES A NEARLY -iNF-iN-iTE RANGE OF D-iFFERENT S-iZES/ AND AN ATTRACT-iVE rOMAN FONT W-iTh sANSKR-iT D-iACR-iT-iCS CAPAC-iTY -iS AVA-iLABLE; ThESE CAN BE -iNTERSPERSED W-iTh ThE t-iBETAN. (iN FACT/ Th-iS BROCHURE HAS BEEN ENT-iRELY PRODUCED AND PR-iNTED OUT W-iTh ONE OF ThESE FONTS.) tHE cOLORADO PROGRAM -iS NOT EASY TO USE AND REQU-iRES CONSTANT REFERENCE TO ThE MANUAL AND ASS-iSTANCE FROM A PERSON WHO -iS VERY FAM-iL-iAR W-iTh PERSONAL COMPUTERS. hOPEFULLY A MENU-TYPE -iNTERFACE W-iTh A COMPREHENS-iVE HELP AND REFERENCE FUNCT-iON CAN BE ADDED -iN ThE FUTURE BY -iTS DEVELOPERS. tHE PROGRAM -iNCLUDES MANY BUT NOT ALL OF ThE sANSKR-iT STACKS; NEARLY ALL OF ThE REMA-iN-iNG CHARACTERS HAVE BEEN PREPARED ALREADY -iN ONE PO-iNT S-iZE AND W-iLL BE REF-iNED FOR ThE OThERS. t-iBETAN! RUNS UNDER ThE wORDpERFECT PROGRAM FOR ibm-COMPAT-iBLE COMPUTERS/ WH-iCH MEANS ThAT USERS CAN TAKE ADVANTAGE OF ALL ThE POWERFUL TOOLS OF ThE MOST H-iGHLY-DEVELOPED WORD PROCESSOR ON ThE MARKET. tH-iS SAME POWER MEANS ThOUGH ThAT YOU W-iLL HAVE TO -iNVEST CONS-iDERABLE T-iME TO MASTER ALL ThE RELEVANT FEATURES OF ThE MOThER PROGRAM. oNE OF ThE MOST USEFUL FEATURES OF ThE wORDpERFECT PROGRAM -iS -iTS WELL-DEVELOPED SEARCH AND SEARCH-AND-REPLACE FUNCT-iON/ WH-iCH CAN BE VERY HELPFUL W-iTh t-iBETAN TEXT. uSERS ThOUGH ShOULD BE AWARE ThAT CONVERT-iNG ThE rOMAN TEXT TO t-iBETAN LETTERS GREATLY -iNCREASES -iTS F-iLE S-iZE/ WH-iCH RESULTS -iN EXTREMELY SLOW SEARCHES AND CONS-iDERABLE PROCESSOR AND MEMORY REQU-iREMENTS. aT PRESENT/ ThE VOWELS WH-iCH ShOULD APPEAR ABOVE OR BELOW A t-iBETAN CONSONANT ON ThE SCREEN ARE D-iSPLAYED -iN ThE NEXT SPACE; HOPEFULLY Th-iS PROBLEM/ WH-iCH -iS RELATED TO ThE ibm ascii STANDARD/ CAN BE OVERCOME -iN FUTURE VERS-iONS. dUE TO ThE-iR GREAT -iNVESTMENT OF T-iME AND FUNDS/ AND ThE RELAT-iVELY SMALL MARKET/ ThE AUThORS OF t-iBETAN! ARE CHARG-iNG $200 FOR ThE BAS-iC PROGRAM. tHE COMPAN-iON PROGRAM FOR PR-iNT-iNG rOMAN CHARACTERS W-iTh sANSKR-iT D-iACR-iT-iCAL MARKS -iS ANOThER $275/ W-iTh AN EXTRA CHARGE OF $75 FOR A t-iBETAN ALPHABET-iZAT-iON PROGRAM TO COMP-iLE D-iCT-iONAR-iES AND GLOSSAR-iES--AS WELL AS A GOOD SEARCH PROGRAM. tHE wORDpERFECT PROGRAM COSTS AN ADD-iT-iONAL $275. tHE PROGRAM WORKS BEST W-iTh A 386 PROCESSOR/ EXTRA ram/ AT LEAST 40 mb OF HARD D-iSK SPACE FOR PROGRAMS TOGEThER W-iTh ANY PR-iNTABLE F-iLES/ AND AN hp lASERjET iii PR-iNTER W-iTh EXTRA MEMORY. tHE COMPUTER -iNVESTMENT W-iLL ThEREFORE BE ABOUT $2000/ AND ThE PR-iNTER AN ADD-iT-iONAL $2200. oRGAN-iZAT-iONS WHO CONS-iDER PURCHAS-iNG A t-iBETAN WORD PROCESS-iNG PROGRAM M-iGHT DEC-iDE TO GO W-iTh ThE t-iBETAN! PROGRAM FOR SEVERAL REASONS. iTS PR-iNTED OUTPUT -iS UNMATCHED/ AND ThE COMPAN-iON WORD PROCESSOR VERY POWERFUL. tHE lASERjET iii -iNCORPORATES A NEW TECHNOLOGY ThAT MAKES ThE RESOLUT-iON OF BOTh t-iBETAN AND eNGL-iSh CHARACTERS SO CR-iSP ThAT -iT -iS D-iFF-iCULT TO TELL FROM ThE PHOTO TYPESETT-iNG USED FOR MOST BOOKS. tH-iS MEANS ThAT ORGAN-iZAT-iONS WH-iCH PUBL-iSh BOOKS OR NEWSLETTERS FREQUENTLY AND WHO DEMAND H-iGH PR-iNT QUAL-iTY CAN STOP SEND-iNG MATER-iAL OUT FOR TYPESETT-iNG; ThE SAV-iNGS ON ONE AVERAGE-S-iZED BOOK W-iLL BE MORE ThAN ThE TOTAL SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE COSTS. tHE DEVELOPERS OF t-iBETAN! -iNC-iDENTALLY OFFER AN ADD-iT-iONAL PROGRAM/ lASERtW-iN/ WH-iCH ALLOWS ThE OUTPUT TO ThE PR-iNTER TO BE D-iRECTED TO ALMOST ANY OThER LASER OR DOT-MATR-iX PR-iNTER/ ALThOUGH Th-iS HAS NOT YET BEEN TESTED BY acip. aS MENT-iONED ABOVE/ acip STAFF HAVE WR-iTTEN SEVERAL MACROS/ OR RECORDED KEYSTROKE SEQUENCES TR-iGGERED BY ONLY ONE OR TWO KEYS/ ThAT CAN BE -iNVOKED FROM wORDpERFECT AND WH-iCH W-iLL DO ALMOST ALL ThE WORK OF CONVERT-iNG AN acip F-iLE TO ThE FORMAT REQU-iRED FOR PR-iNT-iNG OR V-iEW-iNG NAT-iVE SCR-iPT W-iTh ThE t-iBETAN! PROGRAM. tO CONVERT AN acip F-iLE/ F-iRST COPY ThE TWO MACRO F-iLES altt.wpm AND altsh.wpm FROM ThE acip D-iSKS TO ThE MA-iN D-iRECTORY OF YOUR wORDpERFECT PROGRAM. nEXT COPY ThE DES-iRED acip TEXT F-iLE TO ThE t-iBETAN! PROGRAM D-iRECTLY UNDER A NEW NAME. iF YOU MOVE RAThER ThAN COPY ThE OR-iG-iNAL TEXT F-iLE/ YOU W-iLL LOSE ThE OPT-iON OF US-iNG -iT FOR SEARCHES AND V-iEW-iNG -iN acip FORMAT -iN ThE FUTURE. nEXT ENTER ThE wORDpERFECT PROGRAM; REMEMBER TO USE ThE COMMAND TO START ThE PROGRAM--SEE ThE t-iBETAN! DOCUMENTAT-iON FOR DETA-iLS. nOW USE [CTRL]-f5 TO -iMPORT ThE COP-iED F-iLE TO A wORDpERFECT SCREEN AND PLACE ThE CURSOR AT ThE VERY BEG-iNN-iNG OF ThE F-iLE. h-iT [ALT]-t TO START ThE CONVERS-iON PROCESS. yOU W-iLL SEE EACH STEP OF ThE CONVERS-iON ON ThE SCREEN AS -iT TAKES PLACE. sOME MANUAL "TUN-iNG" OF ThE PART-iCULAR F-iLE W-iLL PROBABLY ST-iLL BE NECESSARY AFTER CONVERS-iON. aFTER ThE F-iLE -iS CONVERTED/ FOLLOW ThE -iNSTRUCT-iONS -iN ThE t-iBETAN! PROGRAM MANUAL FOR CHANG-iNG A TEXT -iN rOMAN TRANSCR-iPT-iON OVER TO t-iBETAN SCR-iPT. acip HAS DEVELOPED A SECOND MACRO WH-iCH YOU CAN ThEN USE TO PR-iNT OUT ThE t-iBETAN TEXT -iN AN ATTRACT-iVE FORMAT APPROPR-iATE FOR A STANDARD-S-iZED BOOK OR PAMPHLET. tO -iNVOKE ThE MACRO/ AGA-iN MAKE SURE ThE CURSOR -iS AT ThE TOP OF ThE F-iLE BY SCROLL-iNG ALL ThE WAY UP/ ThEN US-iNG ThE LEFT ARROW KEY. h-iT [ALT]-s TO START ThE MACRO. wHEN ThE MACRO -iS F-iN-iShED/ YOU W-iLL HAVE ThE OPT-iON OF CHANG-iNG ThE HEADERS ThAT W-iLL APPEAR AT ThE TOP OF EACH PAGE/ AND ThE K-iND OF PAGE NUMBER-iNG YOU WANT. sTUDY YOUR wORDpERFECT MANUAL TO LEARN HOW TO DO Th-iS. acip HAS -iNC-iDENTALLY ALREADY CONVERTED ThE ENT-iRE SECOND RELEASE OF DATA FOR V-iEW-iNG AND PR-iNT-iNG W-iTh ThE t-iBETAN! WORD PROCESSOR. tHESE PR-iNTABLE F-iLES ARE AVA-iLABLE ON REQUEST FROM AN acip OFF-iCE. s-iNCE NOT ALL sANSKR-iT STACKS ARE SUPPORTED/ SOME W-iLL HAVE TO BE DRAWN -iN MANUALLY. a HELPFUL H-iNT FOR ThOSE WHO USE ThE t-iBETAN! PROGRAMH WHEN YOU ARE WORK-iNG ON A TEXT -iN t-iBETAN SCR-iPT AND TRY TO EXECUTE A COMMAND/ REMEMBER TO TOGGLE BACK TO ThE rOMAN KEYBOARD. oThERW-iSE ThE PROGRAM APPEARS TO FREEZE UP/ LEAV-iNG ThE USER CONS-iDERABLY FRUSTRATED. aGA-iN/ ThE t-iBETAN! PROGRAM -iS CRANKY/ BUT ThE RESULTS ARE OF SUCH H-iGH QUAL-iTY ThAT -iT -iS WORTh LEARN-iNG AND US-iNG. aGA-iN/ PLEASE SEE ThE ACCOMPANY-iNG CHART FOR ORDER-iNG -iNFORMAT-iON. 3. lt-iBETAN tHE lt-iBETAN PROGRAM OF mR. p-iERRE rOB-iLLARD OF tORONTO/ cANADA/ -iS PERHAPS ThE MOST WELL-DEVELOPED t-iBETAN WORD PROCESS-iNG PROGRAM AVA-iLABLE. acip DATA HAS BEEN SUCCESSFULLY CONVERTED FOR USE ON Th-iS PROGRAM -iN SEVERAL COUNTR-iES/ W-iTh ThE F-iRST WORK BE-iNG DONE AT ThE uN-iVERS-iTY OF w-iRG-iN-iA/ usa (SEE ABOVE FOR PERSONS TO CONTACT FOR ASS-iSTANCE). tHE rOB-iLLARD PROGRAM PRODUCES AN EXCELLENT PR-iNTED OUTPUT AND SCREEN D-iSPLAY OF ThE NAT-iVE SCR-iPT. tHE PACKAGE -iNCLUDES A NUMBER OF USEFUL UT-iL-iT-iES -iNCLUD-iNG A wYL-iE TRANSCR-iPT-iON PARSER BY mR. cHET wOOD OF cAL-iFORN-iA/ usa/ AND A t-iBETAN ALPHABET-iZAT-iON PROGRAM. tHE CHARACTERS ARE SCALABLE SO CAN BE PR-iNTED -iN ANY DES-iRED PO-iNT S-iZE. tHE PROGRAM -iS DES-iGNED TO WORK W-iTh A pOSTSCR-iPT TYPE OF LASER PR-iNTER; Th-iS AND ThE H-iGH COST OF ThE RECOMMENDED aPPLE COMPUTER HAVE REQU-iRED -iN ThE PAST A CONS-iDERABLE -iNVESTMENT -iN HARDWARE. aPPLE cORPORAT-iON HAS ThOUGH -iN ThE LAST FEW MONThS DEC-iDED TO LOWER -iTS ENT-iRE PR-iC-iNG STRUCTURE/ AND ThE F-iRST SUCCESSFUL LOW-PR-iCE aPPLE CLONES MAY SOON BE REACH-iNG ThE MARKET. mOREOVER/ VAR-iOUS PRODUCTS ARE NOW AVA-iLABLE WH-iCH ALLOW MANY PR-iNTERS TO BE UPGRADED BY ThE USER TO A pOSTSCR-iPT TYPE. a VERS-iON OF ThE PROGRAM ThAT RUNS ON ThE MUCH LESS EXPENS-iVE DOT-MATR-iX PR-iNTERS -iS ALSO AVA-iLABLE. ibm-TYPE COMPUTERS DOM-iNATE ThE WORLD MARKET AND ThE MAJOR-iTY OF SOFTWARE -iS WR-iTTEN FOR ThEM/ BUT ThE aPPLE -iS VERY WELL SU-iTED TO WORK -iN FORE-iGN SCR-iPTS/ AND MANY PEOPLE F-iND -iT EAS-iER TO OPERATE. uSERS OF acip DATA M-iGHT ThEREFORE WANT TO EXPLORE Th-iS OPT-iON. tHE lt-iBETAN PROGRAM SELLS FOR A VERY REASONABLE $50/ W-iTh AN ADD-iT-iONAL $99 FOR ThE REQU-iRED KEYBOARD REASS-iGNMENT PROGRAM/ mACkEYMELEON ii/ AS WELL AS A SUGGESTED $20 FOR ThE wOOD PARSER. pLEASE SEE ThE ATTACHED CHART FOR DETA-iLS ON ORDER-iNG ThE PROGRAM. 4. aT-iShA tHE aT-iShA PROGRAM/ APTLY NAMED FOR ThE 11Th-cENTURY SAGE WHO BR-iDGED ThE sANSKR-iT AND t-iBETAN L-iTERARY TRAD-iT-iONS/ -iS A BAS-iC SYSTEM FOR ibm COMPAT-iBLES WR-iTTEN BY dR. pETER eBBATSON OF oXFORD/ eNGLAND. iT UT-iL-iZES A MULT-iFONT WORD PROCESSOR CALLED cH-iwR-iTER TO G-iVE BOTh SCREEN AND PR-iNT REPRESENTAT-iON OF t-iBETAN. tHE ADVANTAGES OF ThE aT-iShA ARE -iTS MODEST PR-iCE AND HARDWARE REQU-iREMENTS. iT CAN RUN ON ThE MOST BAS-iC OF ibm COMPUTERS/ WH-iCH ARE FOUND -iN ThE MARKET AT PRESENT FOR ONLY A FEW HUNDRED DOLLARS/ AND ON A GOOD VAR-iETY OF -iNEXPENS-iVE DOT-MATR-iX PR-iNTERS. tHE PR-iNTED FONT -iS S-iMPLE AND APPROPR-iATE FOR BAS-iC STUDY OF TEXTS AND SO ON/ ALThOUGH NOT FOR BOOKS OR S-iM-iLAR MATER-iALS. tHE KEYBOARD -iNPUT SYSTEM -iS RAThER COMPL-iCATED/ A PROBLEM WH-iCH -iS SOMEWHAT AMEL-iORATED BY ADHES-iVE LABELS W-iTh ThE NAT-iVE LETTERS/ SUPPL-iED TOGEThER W-iTh ThE PROGRAM AND MEANT TO BE ATTACHED TO EACH -iNPUT KEY. aT-iShA SELLS FOR $55 AND REQU-iRES ThE ADD-iT-iONAL PURCHASE OF ThE cH-iwR-iTER PROGRAM FOR $142. aN OPT-iONAL ADD-ON FOR LASER PR-iNTER SUPPORT COSTS ANOThER $74; A CONVERTER FOR wORDpERFECT DOCUMENTS RUNS $59/ AND AN -iNDEX GENERATOR FOR ThE REGULAR (BUT NOT ThE t-iBETAN) FONTS OF ThE cH-iwR-iTER CAN BE ORDERED FOR $59 MORE. fOR -iNFORMAT-iON ON ORDER-iNG/ SEE ThE SUMMARY CHART ATTACHED. 5. koa-tECHNOmATE rESEARCHERS FROM ThE l-iNGU-iST-iC iNFORMAT-iON rESEARCH iNST-iTUTE (liri) cOMPANY lTD OF tOKYO/ jAPAN/ HAVE RECENTLY COMPLETED ThE DEVELOPMENT OF A t-iBETAN PROGRAM UT-iL-iZ-iNG ThE koa-tECHNOmATE os(2 MULT-iL-iNGUAL WORD PROCESSOR. tHEY HAVE SUCCEEDED -iN PR-iNT-iNG OUT acip DATA PREC-iSELY/ -iNCLUD-iNG ALL sANSKR-iT STACKS TO DATE/ AND ARE CONTR-iBUT-iNG TO ThE EFFORT OF SUPPLY-iNG acip D-iSKS TO -iNTERESTED PART-iES -iN jAPAN (SEE BELOW FOR DETA-iLS ON Th-iS EFFORT). oNE -iMPORTANT ADVANTAGE OF ThE koa PRODUCT -iS ThAT -iT RUNS UNDER ThE os(2 OPERAT-iNG SYSTEM/ A MORE QU-iCK AND EFF-iC-iENT METhOD OF PROCESS-iNG DATA W-iTh-iN ThE COMPUTER ThAT W-iLL PROBABLY -iN SOME FORM OR ANOThER BECOME A WORLDW-iDE STANDARD -iN ThE YEARS TO COME. tHE koa-tECHNOmATE -iS SA-iD TO HANDLE SOME 20 D-iFFERENT LANGUAGES/ W-iTh ThE AB-iL-iTY TO ADD OThER LANGUAGES (SUCH AS ThE t-iBETAN). a VERY ATTRACT-iVE dEVANAGAR-i FONT/ FOR EXAMPLE/ -iS -iNCLUDED AND CAN BE -iNTERSPERSED W-iTh t-iBETAN AND rOMAN CHARACTERS/ AS WELL AS OF COURSE jAPANESE. iNPUT CAN BE DONE -iN t-iBETAN OR rOMAN TRANSL-iTERAT-iON/ AND ThE LATTER ThEN CONVERTED W-iTh A SPEC-iAL UT-iL-iTY. bOTh W-iLL APPEAR ThEN ON ThE SCREEN AS t-iBETAN SCR-iPT. aT PRESENT/ R-iGHT JUST-iF-iCAT-iON OF t-iBETAN -iS NOT POSS-iBLE/ AND ONLY ONE S-iZE OF LETTERS (18 PO-iNT) -iS AVA-iLABLE/ ALThOUGH Th-iS CAN BE ENLARGED VERT-iCALLY AND HOR-iZONTALLY. tHE koa-tECHNOmATE -iNCLUDES A TEXT F-iLE ED-iTOR AND SEARCH-AND-REPLACE COMMANDS; -iT -iS PRODUCED BY ThE kOUDENShA cORPORAT-iON AND -iS USED ThROUGHOUT jAPAN -iN A S-iMPL-iF-iED FORM NAMED aSh-iSUTO lETTER/ WH-iCH HAS BEEN DEVELOPED BY ThE aSh-iSUTO cOMPANY OF tOKYO. l-iNGU-iST-iC iNFORMAT-iON RECOMMENDS US-iNG ThE PROGRAM ON AN nec pc-9801ra W-iTh A M-iN-iMUM OF 4mb OF ram. tH-iS CONF-iGURAT-iON ESPEC-iALLY -iN jAPAN -iS NOT CHEAP/ RUNN-iNG AROUND $4800. tHE ONLY PR-iNTER SUPPORTED AT PRESENT -iS A kYOCERA l-880s LASER/ WH-iCH COSTS ANOThER $3500. tHE t-iBETAN SCR-iPT FONTS/ -iNCLUD-iNG ThREE D-iFFERENT U-CHEN SCR-iPTS/ COST $1080; ThE koa-tECHNOmATE os(2 WORD PROCESSOR RUNS AN ADD-iT-iONAL $1450; AND ThE RECOMMENDED os(2 SYSTEMS D-iSK COSTS $427. iT ShOULD BE NOTED ThAT ThESE PR-iCES ARE ThOSE PA-iD -iN jAPAN -iTSELF; COSTS FOR ThE SAME HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE -iN OThER COUNTR-iES CAN BE EXPECTED TO RUN MUCH LESS. tHE t-iBETAN PR-iNT-OUT -iS GOOD/ SOMEWHERE BETWEEN ThE ttps AND t-iBETAN! PROGRAMS -iN -iTS APPEAL TO A NAT-iVE EYE. sEE ThE ATTACHED CHART FOR ORDER-iNG ADDRESS AND PHONE. 6. dRUK mAC iNFORMAT-iON HAS JUST BEEN RECE-iVED AS OF Th-iS WR-iT-iNG FOR ThE dRUK mAC t-iBETAN OPERAT-iNG SYSTEM DEVELOPED BY mR. pETER lOFT-iNG OF bERKSh-iRE/ eNGLAND. "dRUK" -iN t-iBETAN MEANS "DRAGON/" AND CAN REFER AS WELL TO bHUTAN/ WHERE mR. lOFT-iNG AND OThERS HAVE MADE GOOD USE OF mAC-iNTOSh SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLY-iNG ThE PR-iNT-iNG NEEDS OF ThE GOVERNMENT AND VAR-iOUS OThER -iNST-iTUT-iONS. dRUK mAC -iS NOT JUST A WORD PROCESSOR BUT ACTUALLY PROV-iDES ThE FUNCT-iON OF AN OPERAT-iNG SYSTEM FOR ThE COMPUTER. tH-iS MEANS ThAT ThE ENT-iRE -iNTERFACE/ OR HOW ThE COMPUTER -iNTERACTS W-iTh -iTS USER/ CAN BE PRESENTED -iN t-iBETAN SCR-iPT/ WH-iCH W-iLL BE ESPEC-iALLY HELPFUL TO NAT-iVE t-iBETANS WHO CANNOT READ rOMAN LETTERS. kEY-iNG -iN W-iTh ThE SYSTEM -iS SA-iD TO BE EAS-iER ThAN W-iTh MANY EX-iST-iNG PROGRAMS/ AND STACKS OF sANSKR-iT -iN t-iBETAN TRANSCR-iPT-iON CAN BE ED-iTED -iNTERACT-iVELY (ThAT -iS/ RAThER ThAN HAV-iNG TO ERASE AN ENT-iRE STACK AND START ANEW WHEN A TYP-iNG ERROR -iS MADE). mR. lOFT-iNG HAS EXPENDED MUCH EFFORT TO DEVELOP AN EXPANDED VERS-iON OF A t-iBETAN ENCOD-iNG STANDARD AND PO-iNTS OUT A NUMBER OF PERFORMANCE -iMPROVEMENTS MADE POSS-iBLE BY A STREAML-iNED DATA REPRESENTAT-iON OF ThE SOMET-iMES COMPLEX t-iBETAN SCR-iPT SCREEN -iMAGES. mANY ThOUGH NOT ALL OF ThE sANSKR-iT STACKS HAVE BEEN COMPLETED AND -iNCLUDED -iN ThE PROGRAM. dRUK mAC ALLOWS FREE -iNTERCHANGE OF rOMAN AND t-iBETAN FONTS; BOTh ARE VERY ATTRACT-iVE AND HAVE BEEN SCULPTED TO MATCH ONE ANOThER. tHE PROGRAM UT-iL-iZES ThE mAC-iNTOSh SCR-iPT MANAGER FOUND -iN ThE 6.0 VERS-iON OF ThE mAC OPERAT-iNG SYSTEM/ AND PERFORMS CORRECT DOUBLE-CL-iCK SELECT-iON AND L-iNE WRAP -iN BOTh SCR-iPTS; ThE USER -iS ALSO PROV-iDED W-iTh A SELECT-iON OF KEYBOARD LAYOUTS SO ThAT/ -iF HE HAS ALREADY LEARNED TO TYPE t-iBETAN ON ONE OF ThE MORE COMMON MECHAN-iCAL OR COMPUTER SYSTEMS/ A NEW ONE NEED NOT BE LEARNED. a GOOD VAR-iETY OF mAC PROGRAMS CAN BE RUN UNDER ThE dRUK mAC SYSTEM/ AND A BAS-iC ShAREWARE TEXT ED-iTOR CALLED m-iN-iwR-iTER -iS PROV-iDED TOGEThER W-iTh ThE PACKAGE. tHE SYSTEM W-iLL WORK ON ANY mAC-iNTOSh ThAT CAN RUN ThE aPPLE 6.0 OPERAT-iNG SYSTEM/ WH-iCH MEANS ThAT ThE COMPUTER -iNVESTMENT CAN BE AS LOW AS $900. aGA-iN A pOSTSCR-iPT LASER PR-iNTER -iS RECOMMENDED/ AND W-iLL NORMALLY COST ABOUT $2500. tHE PROGRAM -iS SUPPL-iED ON A S-iNGLE STANDARD aPPLE FLOPPY D-iSK (3.5"/ 800k)/ AND COMES COMPLETELY READY TO BOOT UP ON -iTS OWN. oRDERS FROM ThE uN-iTED k-iNGDOM ARE SUPPL-iED FOR 37 POUNDS STERL-iNG/ AND OVERSEAS ORDERS PA-iD BY TELEX TRANSFER OR -iNTERNAT-iONAL MONEY ORDER COST u.s. $84. bECAUSE OF ThE CONS-iDERABLE EXTRA FEES -iNVOLVED/ USERS ARE D-iSCOURAGED FROM SEND-iNG PERSONAL CHECKS/ AND A $26 EXTRA FEE W-iLL BE REQU-iRED BEFORE Sh-iPP-iNG -iF PAYMENT -iS MADE -iN Th-iS WAY. tELEX TRANSFERS ShOULD BE MADE -iN FAVOR OFH "lASERqU-iLL/" lLOYDS bANK PLC/ lONDON/ 30-94-87 (lANGHAM pLACE bRANCH). aCCORD-iNG TO -iTS DEVELOPER/ ThE PROGRAM W-iLL BE RELEASED -iN aPR-iL OR mAY OF 1991. fOR -iNFORMAT-iON OR ORDER-iNG/ CONTACT ThE ADDRESS L-iSTED -iN ThE SUMMARY CHART. pLEASE NOTE ThAT A 17.5% wat OR PURCHASE TAX -iS APPL-iCABLE TO ANY ORDER FROM lASERqU-iLL AND ShOULD BE ADDED TO ThE TOTAL PURCHASE PR-iCE L-iSTED -iN ThE CHART. 7. aTAR-i t-iBETAN aS OF Th-iS WR-iT-iNG/ acip HAS RECE-iVED PREL-iM-iNARY -iNFORMAT-iON ABOUT A PROGRAM BE-iNG DEVELOPED FOR ThE aTAR-i SER-iES OF COMPUTERS. mR. d-iETR-iCH gEW-iSSLER OF nEW jERSEY/ usa/ HAS CREATED A NEW FONT CONS-iST-iNG OF CAREFULLY SCULPTED LETTERS BY A RENOWNED t-iBETAN CALL-iGRAPHER AT gANDEN t-iBETAN mONAST-iC uN-iVERS-iTY -iN SOUTh iND-iA. oNE ADVANTAGE OF Th-iS FONT -iS ThAT EVERY POSS-iBLE sANSKR-iT COMB-iNAT-iON HAS BEEN DRAWN FOR -iT. tHE aTAR-i SEEMS PART-iCULARLY WELL-SU-iTED TO HANDL-iNG NAT-iVE SCR-iPTS AND HAS A W-iDE FOLLOW-iNG PART-iCULARLY -iN eUROPE/ SO ThE COMPLET-iON OF Th-iS PROGRAM W-iLL BE VERY HELPFUL. hARDWARE AND SOFTWARE COSTS ARE ALSO MODESTH ThE RECOMMENDED MACH-iNE -iS AN aTAR-i st/ FOR ABOUT $600; ThERE -iS ThE OPT-iON OF A 9-P-iN PR-iNTER ($100)/ 24-P-iN PR-iNTER ($275)/ OR SELECT-iON OF LASER PR-iNTERS (ABOUT $2000); AND ThE cALAMUS DESKTOP-PUBL-iSh-iNG PROGRAM FOR ThE aTAR-i ($180). tHE COST OF ThE PROGRAM W-iLL BE ESTABL-iShED UPON -iTS COMPLET-iON. fOR -iNFORMAT-iON CONTACTH mR. d-iETR-iCH gEW-iSSLER 92 sM-iTh sTREET hOWELL/ nEW jERSEY usa 07731 TELEPHONEH (908) 364-8719 8. cOMPREHENS-iVE CHART OF sANSKR-iT STACKS AVA-iLABLE UPON REQUEST tO A-iD -iN ThE -iNTERNAT-iONAL EFFORT TO COMPLETE ThE FULL COLLECT-iON OF sANSKR-iT STACKS FOR ThE VAR-iOUS t-iBETAN WORD PROCESSORS/ acip STAFF HAVE COMP-iLED A COMPLETE L-iST-iNG OF EVERY POSS-iBLE COMB-iNAT-iON. tH-iS L-iST WAS COMP-iLED LARGELY FROM A COMPUTER ANALYS-iS OF A HUGE QUANT-iTY OF wED-iC sANSKR-iT MATER-iAL ON TAPE/ AND SUPPLEMENTED W-iTh RESEARCH FROM VAR-iOUS sANSKR-iT GRAMMARS AND -iND-iCES. eACH OF ThE POSS-iB-iL-iT-iES HAS BEEN DRAWN -iN t-iBETAN LETTERS BY ThE CALL-iGRAPHER JUST MENT-iONED/ AND acip STAFF WOULD BE HAPPY TO SUPPLY Th-iS DOCUMENT TO ANY -iNTERESTED PARTY. pLEASE CONTACT ONE OF ThE OFF-iCES MENT-iONED ON ThE PAGE FOLLOW-iNG ThE T-iTLE PAGE OF Th-iS BROCHURE. summary chart of awilable tibetan word-processing programs pROGRAMH aT-iShA oPERAT-iNG SYSTEMH dos rECOMMENDED COMPUTER(COSTH xt OR UP; $500 M-iN-iMUM rECOMMENDED PR-iNTERH mANY 9-P-iN DOT MATR-iX PR-iNTERS/ AND UP/ $150 M-iN-iMUM; LASER ABOUT $1500 pR-iNT FONTSH eBBATSON FONT/ rOMAN --lASER(DOT MATR-iXH dOT MATR-iX --s-iZESH oNLY ONE? --sANSKR-iT STACKSH mANY COMMON ONES --rOMAN D-iACR-iT-iCS FOR sANSKR-iTH iNCLUDED --lANDSCAPE OPT-iONaH uP TO 250 COLUMNS sCREEN FONTSH yES wORD PROCESS-iNGH gOOD W-iTh cH-iwR-iTER PROGRAM uT-iL-iT-iESH nUMEROUS W-iTh cH-iwR-iTER eASE OF USEH pOOR pROGRAM COSTH $55 aDD-iT-iONAL SOFTWARE @REQU-iRED@ OR AVA-iLABLE FROM DES-iGNER(COSTH nEEDS @cH-iwR-iTER $142@; LASER SUPPORT $74; wORD-pERFECT CONVERTER $59; rOMAN -iNDEX GENERATOR $59 cOMMENTSH fOR -iNEXPENS-iVE DRAFT QUAL-iTY aDDRESS AND PHONEH aT-iShA tRANSLAT-iONS/ 29 rANDOLPH sT/ oXFORD ox4-1xz/ uk/ (865) 726-184 pROGRAMH dRUK mAC oPERAT-iNG SYSTEMH dRUK -iTSELF/ FOR mAC rECOMMENDED COMPUTER(COSTH aNY CURRENT mACpLUS OR UP/ $900 M-iN-iMUM rECOMMENDED PR-iNTERH pOSTSCR-iPT LASER/ $2000-$3000 pR-iNT FONTSH dRUK t-iB FONT/ rOMAN --lASER(DOT MATR-iXH lASER; DOT ALSO/ FOR PROOF-iN --s-iZESH pOSTCR-iPT LASER/ ANY; DOT/ 24/ 30 36PT --sANSKR-iT STACKSH mOST COMMON ONES --rOMAN D-iACR-iT-iCS FOR sANSKR-iTH aVA-iLABLE FROM mAC FONT SUPPL-iERS --lANDSCAPE OPT-iONaH yES sCREEN FONTSH eXCELLENT/ ThROUGHOUT OPERAT-iNG SYSTEM wORD PROCESS-iNGH aNY mAC WORD PROCESSOR; ALSO BAS-iC ONE -iS -iNCLUDED uT-iL-iT-iESH aNY mAC UT-iL-iTY eASE OF USEH uNTESTED pROGRAM COSTH l37; $84 -iNTERNAT-iONAL MONEY ORDER; $110 PERSONAL CHECK aDD-iT-iONAL SOFTWARE @REQU-iRED@ OR AVA-iLABLE FROM DES-iGNER(COSTH nONE cOMMENTSH sCHEDULED RELEASE aPR-iL-mAY 1991; ADD 17.5% wat TAX TO ORDERS aDDRESS AND PHONEH lASERqU-iLL/ tHAMES l-iNK hOUSE/ 38 tHAMES sT/ w-iNDSOR/ bERKSh-iRE/ eNGLAND sl4-1pr/ (+44) 753-830-270 pROGRAMH l.i.r.i. oPERAT-iNG SYSTEMH os(2 rECOMMENDED COMPUTER(COSTH nec pc-9801ra W)4m ram/ $4800 rECOMMENDED PR-iNTERH kYOCERA l880s LASER/ $870 pR-iNT FONTSH 3 u-CHEN FONTS AND 20 OThER LANGUAGES --lASER(DOT MATR-iXH lASER ONLY --s-iZESH oNLY 18 PT/ CAN BE STRETCHED. 20 OThER LANGUAGES TOO. --sANSKR-iT STACKSH aLL -iN acip RELEASES TO DATE --rOMAN D-iACR-iT-iCS FOR sANSKR-iTH yES --lANDSCAPE OPT-iONaH yES sCREEN FONTSH yES wORD PROCESS-iNGH eXCELLENT W-iTh 20 LANGUAGES ON COMPAN-iON koa tECHNOmATE uT-iL-iT-iESH tECHNOmATE UT-iL-iT-iES eASE OF USEH uNTESTED pROGRAM COSTH $1080 aDD-iT-iONAL SOFTWARE @REQU-iRED@ OR AVA-iLABLE FROM DES-iGNER(COSTH nEEDS @koa tECHNOmATE os(2/ $1450@ cOMMENTSH pR-iCES -iNS-iDE jAPAN; MAY BE LESS OUTS-iDE aDDRESS AND PHONEH l-iNGU-iST-iC iNFORMAT-iON rESEARCH iNST-iTUTE cO lTD/ 4-9-15/ kOYAMA/ sH-iNAGAWA-KU/ tOKYO 142/ (03) 3783-9428; FAX (03) 3788-6180 pROGRAMH lt-iBETAN oPERAT-iNG SYSTEMH mAC-iNTOSh rECOMMENDED COMPUTER(COSTH aNY mAC; $1500 M-iN-iMUM rECOMMENDED PR-iNTERH aPPLETALK COMPAT-iBLE; ABOUT $3000 pR-iNT FONTSH rOB-iLLARD t-iBETAN FONT/ rOMAN --lASER(DOT MATR-iXH e-iThER --s-iZESH pOSTSCR-iPT LASER/ ANY; DOT/ 24/ 30PT --sANSKR-iT STACKSH eSSENT-iALLY ALL --rOMAN D-iACR-iT-iCS FOR sANSKR-iTH yES --lANDSCAPE OPT-iONaH yES sCREEN FONTSH eXCELLENT wORD PROCESS-iNGH aNY mAC WORD PROCESSOR uT-iL-iT-iESH mOST mAC UT-iL-iT-iES eASE OF USEH gOOD pROGRAM COSTH $50 COMPLETE aDD-iT-iONAL SOFTWARE @REQU-iRED@ OR AVA-iLABLE FROM DES-iGNER(COSTH nEEDS @mACkEYMELEON ii/ $99@ cOMMENTSH mOST POL-iShED PROGRAM AVA-iLABLE NOW aDDRESS AND PHONEH usaH sNOW l-iON/ po bOX 6483/ iThACA/ ny/ usa 14851; (607) 273-8506. oUTS-iDE usaH p. rOB-iLLARD/ 200 bALSAM aVE/ tORONTO/ oNT/ cANADA m4e-3c3; (416) 699-5718 pROGRAMH t-iBETAN! oPERAT-iNG SYSTEMH dos rECOMMENDED COMPUTER(COSTH xt OR UP BUT at BEST/ W-iTh 20m HARD DR-iVE/ $1200 rECOMMENDED PR-iNTERH hp lASERjET ii OR MORE RECENT/ ABOUT $2000; ALSO MOST DOT MATR-iX/ M-iN-iMUM $150 pR-iNT FONTSH t-iBETAN mACH-iNE tYPEFACE --lASER(DOT MATR-iXH e-iThER --s-iZESH 18/ 24PT; 27 AND 30 AVA-iLABLE -iN 1991 --sANSKR-iT STACKSH mOST COMMON ONES/ COMPOSED AB-iL-iTY/ 400 MORE -iN 1991 --rOMAN D-iACR-iT-iCS FOR sANSKR-iTH aVA-iLABLE AS ADD-ON --lANDSCAPE OPT-iONaH yES sCREEN FONTSH yES/ BUT VOWELS -iN NEXT SPACE ONLY wORD PROCESS-iNGH eXCELLENT W-iTh wORDpERFECT uT-iL-iT-iESH eXCELLENT W-iTh wORDpERFECT eASE OF USEH d-iFF-iCULT pROGRAM COSTH $200 aDD-iT-iONAL SOFTWARE @REQU-iRED@ OR AVA-iLABLE FROM DES-iGNER(COSTH nEEDS @wORDpERFECT 5.X/ $275@; rOMAN D-iACR-iT-iCS $275; t-iBETAN ALPHABET-iZ-iNG/ SEARCH/ D-iCT-iONARY CREATOR $75 cOMMENTSH eXCELLENT OUTPUT FOR BOOKS/ BEST ibm PROGRAM aDDRESS AND PHONEH t-iBETAN cOMPUTER cO/ 616 aLP-iNE aVE/ bOULDER/ co/ usa 80304; (303 449-2925; (303) 442-3676 pROGRAMH ttps oPERAT-iNG SYSTEMH dos rECOMMENDED COMPUTER(COSTH xt OR UP; $500 M-iN-iMUM rECOMMENDED PR-iNTERH tOSh-iBA 24-P-iN p321sl OR 351/ M-iN-iMUM $400 pR-iNT FONTSH sHOL t-iBETAN FONT/ rOMAN --lASER(DOT MATR-iXH dOT MATR-iX ONLY --s-iZESH 30 PO-iNT ONLY --sANSKR-iT STACKSH oNLY MOST COMMON ONES --rOMAN D-iACR-iT-iCS FOR sANSKR-iTH iNCLUDED -iN PROGRAM --lANDSCAPE OPT-iONaH nO sCREEN FONTSH fA-iR/ NO SCROLL-iNG BACKWARDS wORD PROCESS-iNGH oNLY SOME BAS-iC W(P FUNCT-iONS/ -iNCLUDED uT-iL-iT-iESH mOST dos UT-iL-iT-iES ON rOMAN TRANSCR-iPT-iON eASE OF USEH gOOD pROGRAM COSTH $40 COMPLETE aDD-iT-iONAL SOFTWARE @REQU-iRED@ OR AVA-iLABLE FROM DES-iGNER(COSTH nONE cOMMENTSH gOOD FOR SMALL ORGAN-iZAT-iONS aDDRESS AND PHONEH mAHAYANA sUTRA AND tANTRA pRESS/ 112 wEST 2ND sTREET hOWELL/ nj/ usa 07731; (908) 367-5898 9. sANSKR-iT pROGRAMS acip HAS NOT HAD ThE OPPORTUN-iTY TO TEST ANY sANSKR-iT PROGRAMS TO DATE/ BUT WHAT FOLLOWS -iS A L-iST-iNG (DER-iVED LARGELY FROM ThE nias ART-iCLE MENT-iONED ABOVE) OF ThE NAMES AND CONTACT ADDRESSES FOR VAR-iOUS AVA-iLABLE PROGRAMS/ SO ThAT USERS CAN MAKE -iNQU-iR-iES TO F-iLL ThE-iR PART-iCULAR sANSKR-iT COMPUT-iNG AND PR-iNT-iNG NEEDS. mACh-iND-i sANSKR-iT AND OThER iND-iAN-LANGUAGE PROGRAMSH l-iNGU-iST'S sOFTWARE/ p.o. bOX 580/ eDMONDS/ wASh-iNGTON/ usa 98020 nAGAR-i sANSKR-iT AND r-iSh-i oPT-iCAL cHARACTER rECOGN-iT-iON PROGRAMSH mAHAR-iSh-i wED-iC uN-iVERS-iTY/ p.o. bOX 370/ l-iV-iNGSTONE mANOR/ nEW yORK/ usa 12758/ ATTENT-iON mR. jEFFREY tURNBULL kASh-i sANSKR-iT AND OThER TYPESTYLES/ W-iTh VAR-iOUS OThER COMPUTER AND EDUCAT-iON MATER-iALSH dEPARTMENT OF aS-iAN sTUD-iES/ uN-iVERS-iTY OF bR-iT-iSh cOLUMB-iA/ wANCOUVER/ b.c./ cANADA w6t 1w5 dEVANAGAR-iext AND A W-iDE VAR-iETY OF OThER TYPESTYLES FOR VAR-iOUS RELEVANT LANGUAGESH eCOLOG-iCAL l-iNGU-iST-iCS/ p.o. bOX 15156/ wASh-iNGTON/ dc/ usa 20003 dEVANAGAR-i mETAFONT FOR texH mR. fRANS j. wELT-iUS/ nYENSTE-iNaHEERD 267/ 9736 tw gRON-iNGEN/ tHE nEThERLANDS wAR-iOUS iND-iC lANGUAGE HARDWARE AND SOFTWAREH aPPL-iED eLECTRO-mAGNET-iCS/ y-45 oKHLA iNDUSTR-iAL aREA/ pHASE ii/ nEW dELH-i 110 020/ iND-iA mULT-i-l-iNGUAL sCHOLAR/ W-iTh dEVANAGAR-i AND A STANDARD SET OF OThER LANGUAGESH gAMMA pRODUCT-iONS iNC/ 710 w-iLSh-iRE bOULEVARD/ sU-iTE 609/ sANTA mON-iCA/ cAL-iFORN-iA/ usa 90401/ TELEPHONE (213) 394- 8622/ FAX (213) 395-4214 koa-tECHNOmATE os(2H SEE ABOVE UNDER ThE t-iBETAN SYSTEM FOR ThE SAME PROGRAM. aS-iAN-lANGUAGE sPELL-iNG cHECKER acip HAS PUT A H-iGH PR-iOR-iTY ON PROV-iD-iNG DATA WH-iCH -iS AS ACCURATE AS POSS-iBLE; WE FEEL A GREAT RESPONS-iB-iL-iTY S-iNCE ThE -iNPUT -iS D-iSTR-iBUTED TO HUNDREDS OF RESEARCHERS AROUND ThE WORLD/ AND COMPUTER D-iSKS CAN EAS-iLY BE COP-iED AND SPREAD FURThER (acip -iNC-iDENTALLY ENCOURAGES Th-iS ShAR-iNG). fURThERMORE/ BAD DATA CANNOT BE SEARCHED PROPERLY AND W-iLL G-iVE M-iSLEAD-iNG RESULTS. tO ENSURE ACCURACY/ EACH TEXT -iS ENTERED TW-iCE AND GOES ThROUGH A COMPUTER COMPAR-iSON BY ThREE D-iFFERENT ED-iTORS. tH-iS PROCESS ThOUGH DOES NOT EL-iM-iNATE ALL ENTRY ERRORS/ AND CANNOT PREVENT M-iSTAKES CAUSED BY SCR-iBAL FAULTS -iN ThE OR-iG-iNAL TEXTS OR BY ThE FA-iRLY FREQUENT SMUDGED AND UNCLEAR AREAS OF aS-iAN WOODBLOCK PR-iNTS. eACH TEXT -iNPUT MUST ThEREFORE BE G-iVEN A ThOROUGH MANUAL REV-iEW BY A QUAL-iF-iED ED-iTOR. iSOLAT-iNG BOTh WRONG AND UNUSUAL SPELL-iNGS W-iTh AN AUTOMATED SPELL CHECKER WOULD SAVE MUCH PREC-iOUS T-iME OF ThE FEW QUAL-iF-iED PROOFREADERS/ AND ALLOW TEXTS TO REACH ThE PUBL-iC FASTER. iDEALLY/ ThE R-iGHT SPELL-CHECKER ShOULD ALSO BE -iN ThE PUBL-iC DOMA-iN/ OR COST AS L-iTTLE AS POSS-iBLE/ SO USERS OF acip DATA ThROUGHOUT ThE WORLD CAN OBTA-iN AND APPLY -iT TO ThE-iR OWN WORK. acip HAS REV-iEWED A LARGE NUMBER OF SPELL-iNG CHECKERS/ -iNCLUD-iNG ThOSE -iNCORPORATED -iNTO SUCH COMMON WORD-PROCESS-iNG PROGRAMS AS wORDpERFECT AND m-iCROSOFT wORD. dUE TO VAR-iOUS L-iM-iTAT-iONS/ NONE OF ThE COMMERC-iALLY AVA-iLABLE SPELL-CHECKERS TR-iED COULD EAS-iLY BE ADAPTED FOR acip DATA. tHOSE CONTA-iNED -iN A LARGER WORD-PROCESS-iNG PROGRAM WOULD FURThER REQU-iRE RESEARCHERS TO MAKE A CONS-iDERABLE ADD-iT-iONAL -iNVESTMENT/ AND G-iVE UP PERHAPS ThE-iR OWN FAVOR-iTE WORD PROCESSOR. tHE MOST WELL-SU-iTED SPELL-iNG CHECKER FOUND TO DATE HAS BEEN ThE mULT-il-iNGUA (NOT TO BE CONFUSED W-iTh mULT-iL-iNGUAL sCHOLAR/ A COMPLETELY D-iFFERENT PROGRAM) SYSTEM OF cONCEPTS iNFO/ A cANAD-iAN F-iRM/ HEADED BY mR. s-iNED nOSSAM. cONCEPTS iNFO HAS ALLOWED acip TO -iNCLUDE ThE DEMONSTRAT-iON VERS-iON OF ThE-iR PROGRAM HERE -iN rELEASE 2/ AND acip STAFF HAVE CUSTOM-iZED -iT TO PROV-iDE A GOOD BAS-iC t-iBETAN SPELL-CHECKER. (uSEFUL eNGL-iSh AND fRENCH SPELL-CHECK-iNG CAPAC-iTY -iS ALSO PART OF ThE DEMONSTRAT-iON VERS-iON.) sER-iOUS RESEARCHERS W-iLL WANT TO ORDER ThE EXPANDED PROGRAM D-iRECTLY FROM ThE COMPANY AT ThE FOLLOW-iNG ADDRESS; ThE COST -iS $95/ ALONG W-iTh $5 FOR HANDL-iNG AND POSTAGE/ W-iTh AN ADD-iT-iONAL $3 MA-iL-iNG CHARGE OUTS-iDE OF cANADA OR ThE u.s. pAYMENT CAN BE MADE BY CRED-iT CARD AS WELL AS BY CHECK OR MONEY ORDER. cONTACTH cONCEPTS iNFO B.P. 1270 cH-iCOUT-iM-i/ qUEBEC cANADA g7h 5h1 FAXH (418) 543-6713 uSERS ShOULD BE AWARE OF ThE PURPOSEFUL L-iM-iTAT-iONS OF ThE DEMONSTRAT-iON SPELL-CHECKER -iNCLUDED -iN rELEASE 2. iT -iS BASED ON A SMALL NUMBER OF TEXTS FROM ThE F-iRST acip RELEASE AND MAY NOT -iNCLUDE SOME COMMON WORDS NOT FOUND ThERE; FOR A BAS-iC CHECKER/ -iT -iS ADV-iSABLE TO L-iM-iT ThE NUMBER OF ALLOWED WORDS S-iNCE OFTENT-iMES (ESPEC-iALLY -iN A MONOSYLLAB-iC LANGUAGE) A WORD WH-iCH -iS ACTUALLY A M-iSSPELLED COMMON WORD CAN BE SPELLED -iDENT-iCALLY TO AN ACTUAL BUT RARELY USED WORD. iF ALL ThE RARE WORDS ARE -iNCLUDED -iN ThE GLOSSARY OF ThE SPELL CHECKER/ -iT W-iLL ThEREFORE BE LESS EFFECT-iVE. fURThERMORE/ ThE GLOSSARY HERE CANNOT BE EXPANDED BEYOND -iTS PRESENT CAPAC-iTY; FOR Th-iS/ ThE COMPLETE PROGRAM MUST BE ORDERED FROM cONCEPTS iNFO. iF YOU DO CHOSE TO ADD OR DELETE A WORD -iN ThE GLOSSARY D-iRECTLY W-iTh AN ascii TEXT ED-iTOR/ BE SURE TO REV-iEW CAREFULLY ThE DOCUMENTAT-iON CONCERN-iNG ThE REQU-iRED WORD ORDER/ S-iNCE A M-iSTAKE CAN CAUSE A MALFUNCT-iON -iN ThE CHECKER. tH-iS CAN SOMET-iMES "FREEZE UP" ThE PROGRAM AND ThEN ThE ONLY STEP TO TAKE -iS TO REBOOT/ OR TURN OFF AND START UP ThE COMPUTER AGA-iN. wE W-iLL NOT -iNCLUDE HERE A DETA-iLED DESCR-iPT-iON OF HOW ThE PROGRAM OPERATES/ S-iNCE Th-iS CAN BE FOUND -iN ThE PROGRAM'S OWN ON-L-iNE DOCUMENTAT-iON. uSERS ShOULD ThOUGH NOTE ThAT ThE CHECK-iNG PROCESS V-iEWS acip DATA -iN LOWER-CASE LETTERS/ SO ThAT ERRORS -iNVOLV-iNG ThOSE -iNFREQUENT sANSKR-iT SYMBOLS WH-iCH -iN acip TRANSCR-iPT-iON USE ThE LOWER CASE MAY NOT BE LOCATED. acip -iS WORK-iNG W-iTh ThE PROGRAM'S DEVELOPER TO EL-iM-iNATE Th-iS L-iM-iTAT-iON. pLEASE NOTE TOO ThAT ThE COMMAND FOR START-iNG UP ThE DEMONSTRAT-iON VERS-iON HERE ON ThE D-iSK -iS / RAThER ThAN ThE USED FOR ThE FULL VERS-iON. acip STAFF ARE ALSO CONDUCT-iNG -iMPORTANT RESEARCH ON EXPAND-iNG ThE SPELL-CHECKER CONCEPT TO -iNCLUDE AUTOMATED t-iBETAN GRAMMAT-iCAL AND SEMANT-iC ANALYSES. sOME GOOD PROGRESS HAS BEEN MADE/ AND W-iLL BE DESCR-iBED -iN UPCOM-iNG RELEASES. sEARCH pROGRAMS a PR-iMARY USE OF acip DATA -iS TO SEARCH FOR SOURCES OF ThE UB-iQU-iTOUS AND OFTEN UNATTR-iBUTED QUOTAT-iONS FOUND -iN aS-iAN PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL WORKS. l-iKE ThE -iN-iT-iAL acip OFFER-iNG/ Th-iS SECOND RELEASE -iNCLUDES SEVERAL SEARCH PROGRAMSH ThESE CONS-iST OF ThE SEARCH FUNCT-iON OF ThE l-iST F-iLE V-iEW-iNG PROGRAM/ AND ThE sEEKeASY UT-iL-iTY. tHESE PROGRAMS ARE BOTh USER-SUPPORTED/ WH-iCH MEANS ThAT -iF REC-iP-iENTS OF ThE DATA F-iND ThEM USEFUL -iN ThE-iR WORK ThEY ARE ENCOURAGED TO SEND -iN A MODEST SUGGESTED FEE TO REG-iSTER W-iTh ThE AUThORS. iN MOST CASES Th-iS ENT-iTLES ThE USER AS WELL TO A COPY OF ThE FULL DOCUMENTAT-iON/ UPDATES/ AND EXPANDED VERS-iONS. pLEASE NOTE ThE FOLLOW-iNG ADDRESSES AND SUGGESTED REG-iSTRAT-iON COSTSH l-iST V-iEW-iNG PROGRAM mR. wERNON bUERG 139 wH-iTE oAK c-iRCLE pETALUMA/ cAL-iFORN-iA usa 94952 24-HOUR BULLET-iN BOARDSH (707) 778-8944/ (707) 778-8841/ OR (415) 994-2944 FAXH (707) 778-8728 SUGGESTED DONAT-iONaH $20 sEEKEASY SEARCH PROGRAM cORRELAT-iON sYSTEMS 81 rOCK-iNGHORSE rOAD rANCHO pALOS wERDES/ cAL-iFORN-iA usa 90274 REG-iSTRAT-iON FEEH $30 iN ThE BROCHURE TO ThE F-iRST RELEASE/ acip REV-iEWED A NUMBER OF SEARCH UT-iL-iT-iES AVA-iLABLE ON ThE COMMERC-iAL SOFTWARE MARKET. tH-iS BROCHURE -iS ST-iLL AVA-iLABLE AND CAN BE ORDERED W-iThOUT CHARGE FROM acip (A COPY -iS ALSO AVA-iLABLE ON ThE rELEASE 2 D-iSKS UNDER ThE F-iLE NAME RELEASE1.DOC). wE W-iLL HERE MAKE SOME COMMENTS ON ONE OF ThESE PROGRAMS/ gã¾FER/ WH-iCH acip STAFF HAVE FOUND TO BE BY FAR ThE MOST EFFECT-iVE AND/ -iNC-iDENTALLY/ ECONOM-iCAL PROGRAM AVA-iLABLE. gã¾FER CAN RUN AS A RES-iDENT PROGRAM/ WH-iCH MEANS ThAT -iT -iS ALWAYS AVA-iLABLE -iN ThE BACKGROUND AS YOU WORK W-iTh AN acip TEXT. iT TAKES UP VERY L-iTTLE OF YOUR COMPUTER'S HARD D-iSK SPACE (178k) AND AS A RES-iDENT PROGRAM OCCUP-iES ONLY ABOUT 80k OF ThE ram OR PREC-iOUS ShORT-TERM MEMORY OF ThE MACH-iNE. a PA-iR OF KEYSTROKES BR-iNGS gã¾FER UP ONTO ThE SCREEN/ YOU SPEC-iFY ThE F-iLES TO BE SEARCHED/ AND ThEN WHAT TO SEARCH FOR. oNE OF ThE GREAT ADVANTAGES OF gã¾FER -iS ThAT YOU CAN LOOK FOR UP TO E-iGHT D-iFFERENT WORDS OR PHRASES AT ThE SAME T-iME; Th-iS -iS -iMPORTANT FOR acip DATA/ S-iNCE ThE MATER-iALS -iNPUT ARE OFTEN MANY CENTUR-iES OLD/ AND SEVERAL POSS-iBLE VAR-iAT-iONS CAN BE SEARCHED FOR AT ThE SAME T-iME. gã¾FER ALLOWS A RANGE OF COND-iT-iONAL STATEMENTS/ SUCH AS AND/ OR/ NOT/ AND NEARBY. tHE NEARBY FUNCT-iON -iS ESPEC-iALLY USEFUL; ThE T-iTLE OF A WORK FOR EXAMPLE CAN BE SEARCHED W-iTh ONLY TWO -iMPORTANT WORDS FROM -iT/ W-iTh-iN A L-iNE OF EACH OThER. aS gã¾FER LOCATES OCCURRENCES OF ThE DES-iRED PHRASES/ ThE CONTEXT AROUND ThEM CAN EAS-iLY BE PERUSED BY SCROLL-iNG UP AND DOWN. oCCURRENCES AND ThE-iR CONTEXT CAN ALSO BE MARKED FOR EXPORT TO A SECOND F-iLE OR PR-iNTED OUT -iN HARD COPY/ TO BE REV-iEWED LATER AT ONE'S LE-iSURE. gã¾FER MOREOVER KNOWS HOW TO -iGNORE L-iNE-END-iNG CODES AND OThER -iNFORMAT-iON -iN ThE F-iLE ThAT M-iGHT PREVENT A PROPER SEARCH. a COUNT OF SUCCESSFUL H-iTS -iS KEPT/ AND ThE TEXT TO SEARCH FOR CAN BE CONSTANTLY CHANGED DUR-iNG A SESS-iON. wHEN ThE SEARCH -iS F-iN-iShED/ gã¾FER -iS TUCKED BACK OUT OF S-iGHT FOR USE ON CALL/ OR ELSE CAN BE REMOVED FROM ShORT-TERM MEMORY ALTOGEThER. bES-iDES PROV-iD-iNG ThE BEST COMB-iNAT-iON OF USEFUL FUNCT-iONS -iN A VERY USER-FR-iENDLY WAY/ gã¾FER HAS ThE LOWEST PR-iCE TAG OF ANY COMPARABLE PROGRAMH -iT COSTS ONLY ABOUT $40/ AND -iS AVA-iLABLE FOR BOTh ibm COMPAT-iBLES AND ThE aPPLE L-iNE OF COMPUTERS. tHE PROGRAM CAN BE ORDERED FROM YOUR LOCAL COMPUTER DEALER OR D-iRECTLY FROM ThE COMPANYH m-iCROLYT-iCS/ iNC. oNE tOBEY w-iLLAGE oFF-iCE pARK p-iTTSFORD/ nEW yORK usa 14534 TELEPHONEH (716) 248-9150 aS A F-iNAL NOTE/ acip WOULD L-iKE TO RECOMMEND A TRULY EXCELLENT PROGRAM CALLED xtREE (ThE FULL NAME OF ThE VERS-iON RECOMMENDED -iS xtREEpRO gOLD). tH-iS -iS A USER-FR-iENDLY TOOLBOX FOR V-iEW-iNG ALL ThE NAMES OF ThE D-iRECTOR-iES AND F-iLES OF ALL ThE D-iSK DR-iVES -iN YOUR COMPUTER/ COPY-iNG/ RENAM-iNG/ MOV-iNG/ -iNDEX-iNG/ AND MUCH MORE---iNCLUD-iNG/ VERY -iMPORTANTLY FOR acip DATA/ ThE AB-iL-iTY TO LOOK -iNTO ThE CONTENTS OF ANY F-iLE -iMMED-iATELY AND SEARCH -iT QU-iCKLY FOR A WORD OR PHRASE (ALThOUGH/ UNL-iKE gã¾FER/ ThE PROGRAM CANNOT "SEE" AROUND WORD-WRAPS AND MAY M-iSS LONGER PHRASES). tHE PROGRAM RUNS ABOUT $100 AND CAN BE ORDERED FROM A LOCAL DEALER OR ThE MAKERH xtREE cOMPANY eXECUT-iVE sYSTEMS iNC. 4330 sANTA fE rOAD sAN lU-iS oB-iSPO/ cAL-iFORN-iA usa 93401 TELEPHONEH (805) 541-0604 hOW acip dATA w-iLL rEVOLUT-iON-iZE ThE sTUDY OF ThE aS-iAN cLASS-iCS tHE OBV-iOUS -iMMED-iATE EFFECT OF ThE F-iRST RELEASE OF acip DATA WAS ThAT SCHOLARS COULD NOW/ -iN A FEW M-iNUTES/ SEARCH A L-iST-iNG OF NEARLY EVERY BOOK AVA-iLABLE -iN ThE t-iBETAN LANGUAGE. mANY USERS REPORTED ThAT FOR ThE F-iRST T-iME ThEY WERE ABLE TO DRAW UP B-iBL-iOGRAPH-iES OF BOOKS ThAT ThEY NEEDED FOR A PART-iCULAR SUBJECT OF RESEARCH ALMOST -iMMED-iATELY. w-iTh A W-iDE VAR-iETY OF COMMENTAR-iES AVA-iLABLE FOR EVEN BR-iEFER PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL WORKS/ ThE DEPTh OF ThESE RESEARCHERS' WORK HAS ALREADY -iNCREASED S-iGN-iF-iCANTLY. tHE ADD-iT-iONAL L-iST-iNGS OF sANSKR-iT OR-iG-iNALS AND FURThER t-iBETAN-LANGUAGE T-iTLES -iNCLUDED -iN rELEASE 2 W-iLL EXPAND Th-iS CAPAC-iTY EVEN FURThER; AND ThE AVA-iLAB-iL-iTY OF D-iSK CATALOGS OF ThE COLLECTED WORKS OF NAT-iVE t-iBETAN AUThORS AS DESCR-iBED BELOW MAKES ThE RESEARCH CAPAC-iTY NEAR TOTAL. sCHOLARS W-iLL BE ABLE TO F-iND EVERY EXPLANAT-iON OF NEARLY ANY CLASS-iCAL TEXT OR SUBJECT DES-iRED -iN ThE WORKS OF ALL MAJOR sANSKR-iT OR t-iBETAN WR-iTERS/ W-iTh-iN M-iNUTES/ ON ThE-iR HOME COMPUTER. tH-iS REVOLUT-iON -iN BE-iNG ABLE TO LOCATE ANY TEXT NEEDED W-iLL LEAD TO A SECOND REVOLUT-iON -iN ThE WAY ThAT ThE TEXTS ARE USED. pROGRAMS L-iKE gã¾FER CAN -iMMED-iATELY BR-iNG A RESEARCHER TO ThE EXACT PO-iNT -iN ThE TEXT RELEVANT TO H-iS STUDY/ AND HE CAN STEAD-iLY FORGE H-iS OWN PATh--FOLLOW-iNG A PART-iCULAR STR-iNG OF -iNQU-iRY ThROUGH A BROAD TEXTUAL/ H-iSTOR-iCAL/ AND PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL SPECTRUM. sCHOLARS W-iLL F-iND -iT USEFUL TO REF-iNE AND ThEN RECORD ThESE PAThS ThAT ThEY HAVE CREATED ThROUGH ThE L-iTERATURE/ TO HELP OThERS GA-iN ThE -iNS-iGHTS ThEY ThEMSELVES HAVE FOUND--AND -iN FACT Th-iS -iS ThE METhOD OF ThE GREAT t-iBETAN MONK-SCHOLARS/ EP-iTOM-iZED BY jE tSONGKAPA OF ThE 14Th cENTURY. sPEC-iAL PROGRAMS KNOWN AS "HYPERTEXT" UT-iL-iT-iES HAVE BEEN DES-iGNED TO ALLOW RESEARCHERS TO RECORD ThE-iR PAThS D-iG-iTALLY/ AND WE PRED-iCT ThAT ThE CREAT-iON OF HYPERTEXT COMPUTER PAThS ThROUGH ThE BODY OF L-iTERATURE ON D-iSK W-iLL W-iTh-iN Th-iS GENERAT-iON BECOME ONE OF ThE MOST -iMPORTANT AND USEFUL METhODS OF RECORD-iNG AND TRANSM-iTT-iNG KNOWLEDGE. a WORD OF WARN-iNGH Th-iS TREMENDOUS NEW CAPAC-iTY W-iLL GREATLY ENaHANCE AND COMPLEMENT/ BUT NOT REPLACE/ ThE TRAD-iT-iONAL METhODS OF GA-iN-iNG KNOWLEDGEH -iNSTRUCT-iON HANDED ON FROM A L-iV-iNG TEACHER; A BROAD STUDY OF AVA-iLABLE BOOKS/ AS -iNTENDED/ FROM ThE-iR BEG-iNN-iNG TO ThE-iR END; AND PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL -iNQU-iRY -iN ThE FORM OF D-iSCUSS-iON/ ARGUMENT/ AND CONTEMPLAT-iON. iN ShORT/ ThOSE WHO SEEK KNOWLEDGE W-iLL ST-iLL HAVE TO TAKE ThE ENT-iRE BOOK/ READ -iT/ TALK -iT OVER W-iTh OThERS/ AND Th-iNK ABOUT -iT--ThE COMPUTER W-iLL ONLY HELP ThEM DO -iT MORE ThOROUGHLY AND EFF-iC-iENTLY. acip STAFF HAVE CONSTRUCTED A BR-iEF SAMPLE PATh (TRANSLATED -iNTO eNGL-iSh) ThROUGH ThE ENT-iRE DATA AVA-iLABLE TO ThE PROJECT (SOME OF ThE TEXTS USED HAVE BEEN -iNPUT BUT NOT PROOFREAD BY acip SO ARE NOT YET AVA-iLABLE TO ThE PUBL-iC; OThERS HAVE BEEN OBTA-iNED FROM OUTS-iDE SOURCES). wE DEC-iDED TO DO A STUDY OF ThE PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL CONCEPT KNOWN AS ThE "V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE/" KNOWN -iN t-iBETAN AS 'J-iG-TSOG LA LTA-BA/ OR 'J-iG-LTA ("PER-iShABLE V-iEW") FOR ShORT. tH-iS "PER-iShABLE V-iEW" SEEMED L-iKE A GOOD CAND-iDATE FOR STUDY BOTh BECAUSE OF -iTS -iNTR-iGU-iNG NAME AND S-iNCE/ ACCORD-iNG TO ThE H-iGHLY DEVELOPED PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL SYSTEM OF ThE bUDDH-iST SCHOOLS OF iND-iA OVER ThE LAST 25 CENTUR-iES/ -iT -iS ThE S-iNGLE PR-iNC-iPAL CAUSE OF ALL MENTAL AND PHYS-iCAL PA-iN -iN ThE WORLD. a hYPERTEXT eSSAY ON ThE "w-iEW OF ThE pER-iShABLE aSSEMBLAGE" 1. l-iTERAL EXPLANAT-iON OF "PER-iShABLE V-iEW" a NATURAL GOAL FOR OUR F-iRST SEARCH OF ThE acip TEXT DATABASE -iS A TS-iG-BShAD/ OR EXPLANAT-iON OF ThE L-iTERAL MEAN-iNG OF ThE WORDS ThAT MAKE UP ThE UNUSUAL NAME OF Th-iS CONCEPT. wR-iTERS -iN ThE CLASS-iCAL COMMENTAR-iAL STYLE OF t-iBETAN PH-iLOSOPHY W-iLL -iN FACT OFTEN START ThE-iR ANALYS-iS OF AN -iDEA AT Th-iS SAME PO-iNT. tHE F-iRST STEPS OF OUR PATh LEAD US TO A CAPT-iVAT-iNG SELECT-iON FROM ThE cOSM-iC pLAY (t-iB/ RgYA-CHER ROL-PA; sKT/ lAL-iTAV-iSTARA)/ WH-iCH -iS A Sã¾TRA OR WORD OF A bUDDHA H-iMSELF; -iN Th-iS CASE/ ThAT OF sHAKYAMUN-i bUDDHA/ WHO L-iVED -iN iND-iA 500 bc. tH-iS G-iVES US A VERY EARLY REFERENCE TO ThE -iDEA OF A "PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE"H iT GROWS FROM ThE F-iELD OF ThE BODY/ WATERED BY ATTACHMENT/ AND NAMED ThE "PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE"; wET W-iTh TEARDROPS AND SAL-iVA/ SOAKED -iN UR-iNE/ F-iLLED TO BR-iM W-iTh BLOOD; sTUFFED W-iTh FAT AND PUS AND B-iLE/ SPREAD W-iTh BRA-iN GREY MATTER/ A HOME OF VAR-iOUS HARMS; sO-iLED ALL ThE T-iME -iNS-iDE W-iTh VOM-iT/ ALWAYS G-iV-iNG OFF SO MANY OFFAL ODORS; dECORATED W-iTh FLESh AND TOOTh/ TUFTS AND STR-iNGS OF HA-iR/ PACKAGED UP -iN SK-iN; a P-iT-iFUL ASSEMBL-iNG OF GUTS/ L-iVER/ SPLEEN/ LYMPH/ SLOBBER FROM ThE MOUTh; sOME CONTRAPT-iON GLUED W-iTh MARROW/ T-iED TOGEThER W-iTh SOME TENDONS/ FANC-iED UP W-iTh MEAT; oVERFLOW-iNG W-iTh D-iSEASES/ EVERY -iNCH W-iTh M-iSERY/ NEVER FAR FROM HUNGER AND Th-iRST; pERFORATED MY FR-iENDS W-iTh PORES/ HOME OF DEATh/ HOME OF GETT-iNG OLD; wHAT W-iSE MAN SEES -iT SO AND FA-iLS TO PERCE-iVE H-iS BODY H-iS ENEMY? [kd0095/ FF. 169a-b] wE MOVE FROM Th-iS GENERAL DESCR-iPT-iON OF ThE ASSEMBLAGE -iTSELF TO A MORE PREC-iSE L-iTERAL GLOSS -iN ThE AUTOCOMMENTARY TO H-iS CLASS-iC tREASURE hOUSE OF kNOWLEDGE (t-iB/ MdZOD RANG- 'GREL; sKT/ aBH-iDHARMAKOã¾ABHã¾ã¾YA) BY ThE 4Th-cENTURY bUDDH-iST MASTER wASUBANDHUH tHE WORD "PER-iShABLE" -iS MEANT TO -iND-iCATE SOMETh-iNG ThAT CAN BE DESTROYED. tHE WORD "ASSEMBLAGE" REFERS TO SOMETh-iNG COLLECTED TOGEThER; ThE CONNOTAT-iON -iS ONE OF MULT-iPL-iC-iTY AND AGGREGAT-iON. tHE F-iVE HEAPS ThAT MAKE UP A PERSON/ AND WH-iCH WE HAVE TAKEN ON/ ARE BOTh PER-iShABLE AND AN ASSEMBLAGE -iN ThESE SENSES; AND SO WE REFER TO ThEM AS A "PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE." wE APPLY ThE NAME -iN ORDER TO HELP PEOPLE G-iVE UP ThE-iR CONCEPT-iON OF ThESE F-iVE HEAPS AS BE-iNG SOMETh-iNG PERMANENT/ AS BE-iNG SOME -iND-iV-iS-iBLE WHOLE; FOR -iT -iS Th-iS CONCEPT-iON WH-iCH LEADS ONE TO HOLD ThAT ThE F-iVE HEAPS MAKE UP SOME -iNDEPENDENT "SELF." aND ThUS WE G-iVE ThE NAME "V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE" TO ThE STATE OF M-iND WH-iCH V-iEWS ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE [-iN Th-iS MANNER]. [td4090/ F. 229b] tHE NEXT STOP ON OUR D-iG-iTAL WAY -iS A M-iLLENN-iUM DOWN ThE ROAD/ -iN ThE iLLUM-iNAT-iON OF ThE pATh (MdZOD-ã¾-iK ThAR-LAM GSAL-BYED) COMPOSED BY gYALWA gENDUN dRUP (RgYAL-BA DgE- 'DUN GRUB/ 1391-1474)--ONE OF ThE GREATEST OF ALL t-iBETAN PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL WR-iTERS/ AND DEST-iNED TO BE DECLARED ThE F-iRST dALA-i lAMAH oNE MAY ASK WHY WE CALL -iT ThE "V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE." tHE HEAPS [OR -iMPURE PARTS] ThAT MAKE US UP/ WH-iCH WE HAVE TAKEN ON/ ARE A PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE. wE V-iEW ThESE HEAPS AS BE-iNG "ME" OR "M-iNE." tH-iS -iS ThEN ThE MEAN-iNG OF ThE NAME. "iN WHAT SENSE/" ONE MAY CONT-iNUE/ "ARE ThESE HEAPS A PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE?" tHEY ARE A PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE BECAUSE ThEY PER-iSh -iNSTANT BY -iNSTANT/ AND BECAUSE ThEY PER-iSh -iN ThE FACE OF ThE-iR SP-iR-iTUAL ANT-iDOTE/ AND BECAUSE ThEY ARE MADE UP OF MANY -iNSTANTS ASSEMBLED TOGEThER. [s5525/ FF. 149b-150a] tH-iS EXPLANAT-iON -iS FURThER EXPANDED UPON -iN tHE gREAT d-iCT-iONARY (tS-iG-MDZOD CHEN-MO)/ A MONUMENTAL WORK L-iKELY TO BECOME ThE STANDARD D-iCT-iONARY FOR ThE t-iBETAN LANGUAGE/ AND ONLY RECENTLY COMPLETED BY A TEAM OF NAT-iVE SCHOLARS ST-iLL DETA-iNED -iN t-iBET. tHE ENTRY ALSO SUPPL-iES US W-iTh ThE OR-iG-iNAL sANSKR-iT FOR OUR UNUSUAL TERMH PER-iShABLE V-iEW (sKT/ SATKã¾YA Dã¾ã¾ã¾YA)H sHORT FOR ThE "V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE"--ThE HEAPS ThAT MAKE UP A PERSON PER-iSh -iNSTANT BY -iNSTANT/ AND REPRESENT A COLLECT-iON OF MANY ELEMENTS ASSEMBLED TOGEThER; Th-iS -iS A TYPE OF -iNTELLECT/ BUT ONE WH-iCH -iS D-iSTURBED BY ThE AFFL-iCT-iONS OF ThE M-iND/ AND WH-iCH V-iEWS ThESE HEAPS AS HAV-iNG SOME NATURE OF BE-iNG "ME" OR "M-iNE/" ThOUGH -iN FACT ThEY HAVE NO SUCH NATURE. [r0002/ P. 897] iNC-iDENTALLY/ ThE "ME OR M-iNE" MENT-iONED -iS A VERY SPEC-iF-iC "ME OR M-iNE"; BUT Th-iS W-iLL COME BELOW. 2. dEF-iN-iT-iON/ OR BAS-iC NATURE/ OF PER-iShABLE V-iEW g-iVEN ThAT ThE NAME "V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE" HAS SOME L-iTERAL S-iGN-iF-iCANCE/ WHAT ThEN -iS ThE DEF-iN-iT-iON/ OR BAS-iC NATURE OF Th-iS -iDEA? iN GENERAL/ HOW DOES -iT WORK? wE RETURN F-iRST TO mASTER wASUBANDHU'S EXPLANAT-iON OF H-iS OWN tREASURE hOUSEH aDM-iTTEDLY/ ALL STATES OF M-iND WH-iCH FOCUS ON -iMPURE Th-iNGS ARE -iN A SENSE ThE "V-iEW OF A PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE" AS WELL. yET REGARDLESS OF ThE-iR LOOK-iNG AT A PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE/ ThESE V-iEWPO-iNTS MAY NOT BE D-iRECTED AT A "ME" OR "M-iNE." iT -iS TO HELP ONE REAL-iZE Th-iS FACT ThAT ThE "V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE" -iS EXPLA-iNED AS PROPERLY REFERR-iNG ONLY TO ThE V-iEW WH-iCH LOOKS UPON SOMETh-iNG AS "ME" OR "M-iNE." tO Th-iS VERY PO-iNT ThE bUDDHA H-iMSELF HAS STATED/ "sUPPOSE/ OH MONKS/ ThAT A PRACT-iT-iONER OF ThE PATh OF V-iRTUE/ OR ELSE SOME bRAHM-iN/ CONCE-iVES -iN H-iS M-iND OF SOME K-iND OF 'SELF.' eACH AND EVERY CONCEPT-iON OF Th-iS K-iND -iS V-iEW-iNG ThE F-iVE HEAPS ThAT MAKE UP A PERSON/ AND WH-iCH HE HAS TAKEN ON; ThE CONCEPT-iONS LOOK ONLY UPON ThEM/ AND UPON NOTh-iNG ELSE AT ALL." [td4090/ F. 229b] tHE f-iRST dALA-i lAMA AGA-iN ECHOES mASTER wASUBANDHU/ G-iV-iNG A ThUMBNA-iL DEF-iN-iT-iON OF OUR V-iEWH wHAT -iS -iTS BAS-iC NATURE? tHE "V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE" -iS A V-iEWPO-iNT WHERE-iN ONE CONS-iDERS ThE HEAPS ThAT MAKE US UP/ ThE HEAPS ThAT WE HAVE TAKEN ON/ AS BE-iNG SOME "ME" OR "M-iNE." [s5525/ F. 149b] tHE dALA-i lAMA CLAR-iF-iES H-iMSELF FURThER -iN ThE VERY NEXT FOL-iOH wHAT -iS ThE PO-iNT/ WHAT PURPOSE -iS SERVED BY OUR G-iV-iNG ThE NAME "V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE" ONLY TO OUR PERCEPT-iON OF ThE HEAPS WE'VE TAKEN ON AS BE-iNG SOME "ME" OR "M-iNE"? tHERE -iS QU-iTE CERTA-iNLY A PO-iNTH ONCE ONE UNDERSTANDS ThAT HE -iS V-iEW-iNG A PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE/ HE W-iLL ThEN BE ABLE TO REAL-iZE ThAT NO [-iNaHERENT] "ME" OR "M-iNE" EX-iSTS. tHE "-iNaHERENT" JUST ADDED -iS S-iGN-iF-iCANT; AS ThE -iNCOMPARABLE tSONGKAPA EMPHAS-iZES -iN H-iS iLLUM-iNAT-iON OF ThE tRUE tHOUGHT (DgONGS-PA RAB-GSAL/ wARANAS-i ED-iT-iON/ P. 142)/ ThE PO-iNT -iS NOT ThAT NO "ME" OR "M-iNE" EX-iSTS AT ALL/ FOR WE AND OURS OBV-iOUSLY DO. rAThER/ ThE -iDEA -iS ThAT NO SELF EX-iSTS WH-iCH -iS -iNaHERENTLY ONE WAY OR ThE OThER; WH-iCH DOES NOT EX-iST BY NATURE OF MERELY ASS-iGN-iNG -iTS NAME TO A MENTAL P-iCTURE OF -iTS PARTS. aPROPOS HERE -iS ANOThER DEF-iN-iT-iON FROM ThE gREAT d-iCT-iONARY/ Th-iS T-iME FOR A PART-iCULARLY MALEVOLENT FORM OF ThE PER-iShABLE V-iEWH ONE WH-iCH HELPS CAUSE ALL PA-iN/ AND WH-iCH WE W-iLL ENCOUNTER BELOW -iN ThE D-iSCUSS-iON OF ThE TYPES OF ThE V-iEW. aGA-iN/ ThE EMPHAS-iS -iS ON A SELF-EX-iSTENT SELF-- -iNNATE PER-iShABLE V-iEW ThAT GRASPS TO A "M-iNE"H TO FOCUS UPON WHAT -iS M-iNE/ W-iTh AN ATT-iTUDE WHERE-iN ONE GRASPS -iT AS EX-iST-iNG BY DEF-iN-iT-iON [r0002/ P. 639] aS WE CONT-iNUE TO D-iRECT OUR SEARCH PROGRAM ThROUGH ThE AVA-iLABLE TEXTS FOR ThE CONCEPT OF "PER-iShABLE V-iEW/" WE MAKE CONSTANT H-iTS -iN ThE tREASURE hOUSE OF cH-iM (McH-iMS-MDZOD)/ ALMOST SURELY ThE GREATEST t-iBETAN TREATMENT OF mASTER wASUBANDHU'S tREASURE hOUSE OF kNOWLEDGE/ AND COMPOSED BY ThE sAKYA SCHOLAR jAMPEY yANG OF cH-iM (McH-iMS 'jAM-PA-I DBYANGS/ C. 1280). iN ThE FOLLOW-iNG WORDS HE MAKES ST-iLL MORE CLEAR ThE ESSENT-iAL NATURE OF OUR V-iEWH tHE VAR-iOUS V-iEWS [D-iSCUSSED HERE] ARE ALL S-iM-iLAR -iN BE-iNG EL-iM-iNATED FROM ONE'S M-iND AT ThE LEVEL WHERE HE SEES ThE GENERAL LACK OF -iNaHERENT EX-iSTENCE D-iRECTLY/ AND ARE ThE SAME AS WELL -iN D-iSPLAY-iNG ThE NATURE OF D-iSCURS-iVE ThOUGHT. nEVERThELESS/ ThEY ARE D-iSCRETE FROM ONE ANOThER. eARL-iER WE HAVE PRESENTED ThE D-iST-iNCT-iON BETWEEN ThEM ONLY BY MEANS OF SEPARATE NAMES/ BUT HAVE YET TO PUT FORTh ThE-iR VAR-iOUS ESSENT-iAL NATURES. hERE ThEN ARE ThE ATT-iTUDES ThEY TAKE AND ThE NATURES ThEY POSSESS/ [BEG-iNN-iNG W-iTh ThE PER-iShABLE V-iEW.] aDM-iTTEDLY/ ANY K-iND OF V-iEWPO-iNT FOCUSED ON AN -iMPURE Th-iNG -iS A "V-iEW OF A PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE." tH-iS ThOUGH -iS ONE OF ThOSE CASES WHERE WE APPLY ThE NAME OF A GENERAL CLASS TO ONE OF -iTS PART-iCULAR MEMBERS. wE RESTR-iCT OURSELVES TO ThE V-iEW ThAT -iNVOLVES ThOUGHTS OF ThE SELF AND SELF'S. tHE OBJECT UPON WH-iCH Th-iS V-iEW FOCUSES -iS A VAR-iETY OF -iMPERMANENT Th-iNGS; AS -iT FOCUSES ON ThESE/ -iT V-iEWS ThEM AS BE-iNG OR BELONG-iNG TO ONESELF. tHE V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE -iS ONLY Th-iS V-iEW WH-iCH FOCUSES UPON A GROUP OF -iMPERMANENT Th-iNGS AND LOOKS UPON ThEM AS A SELF OR SOMETh-iNG OF -iT; -iT -iS NOT SOMETh-iNG WH-iCH/ AS SOME NON-bUDDH-iST SCHOOLS WOULD SAY/ FOCUSES UPON SOMETh-iNG ThAT -iS PERMANENT AND A S-iNGULAR WHOLE. tH-iS -iS ThE PO-iNT ThE SUTRA -iS MAK-iNG WHEN -iT SAYS. . .[AND ThE SAME QUOTAT-iON AS ThAT FROM tREASURE hOUSE -iS C-iTED]. wE CAN ThEREFORE SAY ThAT Th-iS -iS A V-iEW WH-iCH F-iRST OF ALL FOCUSES ON A VAR-iETY OF "-iMPERMANENT Th-iNGS/" REFERR-iNG TO ThE F-iVE HEAPS ThAT WE HAVE TAKEN ON--ASSEMBLAGES OF ATOMS AND P-iECES/ PER-iSh-iNG BY ThE -iNSTANT. tHE V-iEW ThEN V-iEWS CONSC-iOUSNESS [ThE F-iFTh HEAP] AS BE-iNG ThE SELF/ OR D-iRECTOR. iT V-iEWS ThE OThER FOUR HEAPS [ThOSE OF ONE'S PHYS-iCAL FORM/ CAPAC-iTY OF FEEL-iNG/ D-iSCR-iM-iNAT-iON/ AND OThER MENTAL OR CONCEPTUAL PARTS] AS BE-iNG WHAT BELONGS TO ThE SELFH WHAT ThE D-iRECTOR [SUPPOSEDLY] HAS ThE POWER TO D-iRECT. oNE CAN ALTERNATELY SAY ThAT ThE PER-iShABLE V-iEW SEES ThE FOUR "NOM-iNAL" HEAPS [MEAN-iNG ThE LAST FOUR] AS ThE "SELF/" AND ONE'S PHYS-iCAL FORM AS WHAT BELONGS TO -iT. [s6954/ FF. 270b-271a] tHE BAS-iC NATURE OF ThE PER-iShABLE V-iEW BECOMES EVEN CLEARER WHEN WE COMPARE AND CONTRAST -iT TO S-iM-iLAR BUT NOT EQU-iVALENT CONCEPTS. fOR Th-iS WE RETURN TO ThE f-iRST dALA-i lAMA'S COMMENTARY/ WH-iCH D-iSCUSSES ThE RELAT-iONSh-iP BETWEEN Th-iS V-iEW AND ThE -iMPORTANT bUDDH-iST CONCEPT OF METAPHYS-iCAL -iGNORANCE/ ACCORD-iNG TO ThE EARLY iND-iAN SCHOOL OF ThE dETA-iL-iST/ OR wA-iBHASh-iKA. (tHE READER ShOULD NOTE ThAT OUR COMPUTER JOURNEY HAS BEEN NOT ONLY ThROUGH CENTUR-iES/ BUT ThROUGH D-iFFERENT PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL SCHOOLS AS WELL; S-iDE-PAThS COULD WELL BE CUT TO EXPLORE ThE-iR D-iFFERENCES/ BUT SPACE PREVENTS US HERE. sUFF-iCE TO SAY ThAT ThE VAR-iOUS SCHOOLS MAKE D-iFFER-iNG PRESENTAT-iONS TO COMMUN-iCATE ThE SAME TRUThS TO STUDENTS OF VARY-iNG CAPAC-iT-iES.) wHAT -iS ThE BAS-iC NATURE OF -iGNORANCE? iT -iS NOT A S-iMPLE ABSENCE OF KNOW-iNG/ NOR S-iMPLY SOMETh-iNG OThER ThAN KNOW-iNG; -iT -iS A SEPARATE ENT-iTY WH-iCH -iS ThE D-iAMETR-iC OPPOS-iTE OF KNOW-iNG/ OR W-iSDOM. a PERSON WHO -iS UNFR-iENDLY TO YOU/ FOR EXAMPLE/ -iS NOT S-iMPLY SOMEONE WHO HAS NOT BEEN FR-iENDLY/ NOR ONLY A PERSON WHO HAS BEEN SOMETh-iNG OThER ThAN FR-iENDLY; HE -iS RAThER SOMEONE WHOM WE UNDERSTAND TO BE ThE OPPOS-iTE OF FR-iENDLY. a L-iE WOULD BE ANOThER EXAMPLE/ FOR WE UNDERSTAND -iT AS BE-iNG ThE OPPOS-iTE OF ThE TRUTh/ AND NOT ThE OThER Th-iNGS. "hOW DO WE KNOW/" ONE MAY ASK/ "ThAT A S-iMPLE ABSENCE OF KNOW-iNG/ AND SOMETh-iNG OThER ThAN KNOW-iNG/ ARE NOT WHAT -iGNORANCE -iS?" tH-iS WE CAN KNOW/ BECAUSE -iGNORANCE HAS BEEN REFERRED TO BY ThE bUDDHA W-iTh EXPRESS-iONS L-iKE "ThE BOND" [ThAT T-iES ONE TO SUFFER-iNG L-iFE]. nOW ONE M-iGHT ASSERT ThAT "DEFECT-iVE -iNTELLECT"--[ROOT-TEXT WORDS WH-iCH REFER TO] ThE V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE---iS -iGNORANCE. bUT -iSN'T -iT TRUE ThAT ThE PER-iShABLE V-iEW COULD NEVER BE -iGNORANCE? fOR -iSN'T -iT TRUE ThAT -iT -iS A TYPE OF V-iEW/ WHEREAS -iGNORANCE -iS SOMETh-iNG ThAT COMES MENTALLY L-iNKED W-iTh V-iEW? aND -iSN'T -iT TRUE ThAT -iGNORANCE HAS BEEN PRESENTED AS SOMETh-iNG ThAT MAKES ThE -iNTELLECT D-iSTURBED? [s5525/ F. 267a] wE W-iLL ThOUGH SEE LATER/ FOR EXAMPLE -iN A SECT-iON BELOW WHERE WE COVER ThE OBJECT OF ThE PER-iShABLE V-iEW/ HOW -iT CAN BE EXPLA-iNED AS PROV-iD-iNG ThE L-iNK CALLED "-iGNORANCE" -iN ThE CHA-iN OF CAUSES FOR OUR SUFFER-iNG. eARL-iER -iN H-iS COMMENTARY/ ThE f-iRST dALA-i lAMA EXPLA-iNS HOW Th-iS SAME V-iEW RELATES TO ThE bUDDH-iST -iDEA OF ThE "FOUR BACKWARDS ThOUGHTS/" WHERE ONE PERCE-iVES Th-iNGS -iN A WAY WH-iCH -iS COMPLETELY BACKWARDS FROM WHAT -iS TRUEH tHERE ARE FOUR K-iNDS OF BACKWARDS ThOUGHTSH TO Th-iNK ThAT Th-iNGS WH-iCH ARE ACTUALLY -iMPERMANENT ARE PERMANENT; TO Th-iNK ThAT Th-iNGS WH-iCH ARE -iMPURE ARE PURE; TO Th-iNK ThAT Th-iNGS WH-iCH ARE PA-iN ARE PLEASURE; AND TO Th-iNK ThAT ThERE -iS A SELF WHERE ThERE -iS NO SELF. "wH-iCH OF ThE FOUR/" ONE MAY ASK/ "RELATE TO WH-iCH OF ThE VAR-iOUS TYPES OF V-iEWS?" tHE GROUP OF FOUR BACKWARDS ThOUGHTS RELATES TO ThREE OF ThE TYPES OF V-iEWS. tHE BACKWARDS ThOUGHT ThAT -iMPERMANENT Th-iNGS ARE PERMANENT RELATES TO ThAT FORM OF EXTREME V-iEW KNOWN AS ThE "V-iEW OF PERMANENCE." tHE BACKWARDS ThOUGHTS ThAT -iMPURE Th-iNGS ARE PURE/ AND ThAT Th-iNGS WH-iCH ARE PA-iN ARE PLEASURE/ RELATE TO ThE V-iEW WHERE ONE HOLDS H-iS WRONG V-iEWS TO BE ThE BEST. tHE BACKWARDS ThOUGHT ThAT ThERE -iS A SELF WHERE ThERE -iS NO SELF RELATES TO ThE PER-iShABLE V-iEW. wHY ARE ThE OThER V-iEWS NOT DESCR-iBED AS BACKWARDS ThOUGHTS? fOR SOMETh-iNG TO BE A BACKWARD ThOUGHT/ ThREE ELEMENTS MUST ALL BE PRESENTH -iT MUST Th-iNK OF -iTS OBJECT -iN A WAY WH-iCH -iS COMPLETELY BACKWARDS; -iT MUST -iNVOLVE D-iSCURS-iVE ThOUGHT/ A DECLARAT-iON ABOUT -iTS OBJECT; AND -iT MUST BE AN OVEREST-iMAT-iONaH SEE-iNG SOMETh-iNG WHERE ThERE -iS NOTh-iNG. [s5525/ FF. 150a-b] cH-iM jAMPEY yANG/ -iN H-iS OWN COMMENTARY TO ThE SAME WORK/ DRAWS A CONTRAST BETWEEN ThE PER-iShABLE V-iEW AND PR-iDE/ PO-iNT-iNG UP ThE D-iSCURS-iVE NATURE OF ThE FORMERH tHE TWO CASES ARE NOT ThE SAMEH ThE VAR-iOUS V-iEWS D-iSPLAY ATT-iTUDES AND FUNCT-iONS WH-iCH ARE D-iSCRETE FROM ONE ANOThER; PR-iDE/ ON ThE OThER HAND/ HAS BUT ONE ATT-iTUDE--ThAT OF CONCE-iT--AND BUT ONE FUNCT-iON. "bUT -iSN'T -iT TRUE/" ONE MAY OBJECT/ "ThAT ThE V-iEWS -iNVOLVE BUT ONE ATT-iTUDEH ThAT OF A MENTAL DECLARAT-iON?" tH-iS ThOUGH -iS NOT AN ATT-iTUDE; ThERE ARE VAR-iOUS D-iV-iS-iONS TO ThE ATT-iTUDES D-iSPLAYED BY ThE V-iEWS/ AND ThESE ARE -iND-iCATED -iN ThE L-iNES ThAT START W-iTh "sELF/ SELF'S/ EVER AND NEVER..." bUT ThERE ARE NO SUCH D-iV-iS-iONS TO ThE ATT-iTUDE ThAT PR-iDE D-iSPLAYS. [s6954/ FF. 267a-b] a FEW PAGES LATER/ ThE SAME AUThOR PO-iNTS UP ThE CHARACTER-iST-iC TENDENCY OF ThE PER-iShABLE V-iEW TO OVEREST-iMATE -iTS OBJECTH aCCORD-iNG TO ThE cOMPEND-iUM/ ThE F-iRST V-iEW [ThAT OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE] -iS AN OVEREST-iMAT-iON -iNVOLV-iNG ThE VERY ESSENCE OF Th-iNGSH -iT LOOKS UPON ThE SET OF KNOWABLE OBJECTS AND SEES ThEM AS HAV-iNG SELF OR SELF'S/ WHEN -iN TRUTh ThEY HAVE NONE. [s6954/ F. 271b] wHAT -iS ThE BAS-iC STUFF OF OUR V-iEW? mENTAL ENT-iT-iES -iN bUDDH-iST PH-iLOSOPHY MUST BE E-iThER MA-iN M-iND--S-iMPLE AWARENESS OR CONSC-iOUSNESS/ OR ELSE A SPEC-iAL-iZED PART OF ThE M-iNDH ONE OF -iTS PART-iCULAR FUNCT-iONS. pANGLUNG lOBSANG tUKJE (SpANG-LUNG bLO-BZANG ThUGS-RJE) WAS AN EM-iNENT MONK-SCHOLAR OF 18Th-cENTURY t-iBET/ AND OUR ELECTRON-iC SEARCH FOR ThE SUBSTANCE OF ThE PER-iShABLE V-iEW TAKES US TO H-iS d-iALECT-iC aNALYS-iS OF bAS-iS cONSC-iOUSNESS (kUN-GZH-i MThA'-DPYOD)/ A WORK ON ThE UN-iQUE CONCEPTS OF ThE "m-iND-oNLY" SCHOOL OF bUDDH-iSM. hERE WE LEARN ThAT ThE PER-iShABLE V-iEW -iS A MENTAL FUNCT-iON/ NOT A K-iND OF RAW AWARENESS -iTSELFH aND SOMEONE ELSE MAY COME FORWARD/ TO SAY "cONS-iDER Th-iS ThOUGHT OF MENTAL AFFL-iCT-iON. iSN'T -iT SOMETh-iNG ThAT GRASPS TO SOME 'SELF' OF A PERSON? fOR DOESN'T BAS-iS CONSC-iOUSNESS -iNVOLVE AN ATT-iTUDE WHERE-iN YOU GRASP ThAT ThE PERSON -iS A SELF?" yOUR REASON -iS A TRUE FACT/ BUT DOESN'T NECESS-iTATE YOUR CONCLUS-iON. oNE COULD NEVER AGREE TO ThE CONCLUS-iON/ FOR ThE ThOUGHT YOU'VE MENT-iONED -iS MA-iN M-iND. aND Th-iS CONCLUS-iON -iS NECESS-iTATED/ FOR BOTh TYPES OF GRASP-iNG TO A SELF ARE MENTAL FUNCT-iONS. tHEY MUST BE/ FOR ThE PER-iShABLE V-iEW -iS A MENTAL FUNCT-iON. aND -iT MUST BE/ FOR BOTh ThE F-iVE V-iEWS AND ThE F-iVE NON-V-iEWS (ThAT -iS/ ALL TEN OF ThE ROOT MENTAL AFFL-iCT-iONS) AND ALL TWENTY OF ThE SECONDARY MENTAL AFFL-iCT-iONS AS WELL ARE MENTAL FUNCT-iONS. aND ThEY MUST BE/ FOR ALL 51 OF ThE MENTAL FUNCT-iONS ARE--MENTAL FUNCT-iONS. tHUS WE CAN SAY ThAT/ ALThOUGH ONE DOES SEE CASES WHERE PEOPLE ACCEPT ThAT PER-iShABLE V-iEW AND ThE OThER MENTAL AFFL-iCT-iONS -iNVOLVE BOTh MA-iN M-iND AND ThE MENTAL FUNCT-iONS/ ThE POS-iT-iON WE HAVE TAKEN HERE -iS ThE S-iNGLE MOST TENABLE. [s0019/ FF. 56a-b] tHE LAST FEW STEPS -iN OUR SEARCH PATh HAVE/ -iN A SENSE/ F-iXED ThE PER-iShABLE V-iEW FOR US SPAT-iALLYH HAVE POS-iTED -iT RELAT-iVE TO OThER PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL CONCEPTS. wHERE ThEN DOES ThE V-iEW STAND TEMPORALLY; WHAT EVENTS LEAD -iT TO HAVE Th-iS BAS-iC NATURE/ AND WHAT DOES Th-iS NATURE -iTSELF EFFECT? wE GO BACK -iN T-iME OVER TWO M-iLLENN-iA/ TO ThE sUTRA OF w-iMALAK-iRT-i (dR-i-MED BSTAN-PA-I MDO/ w-iMALAKã¾RT-iN-iRDEã¾A Sã¾TRA) TAUGHT BY gAUTAMA bUDDHA H-iMSELFH yOU SAY/ wHAT -iS ThE ROOT OF V-iRTUE/ AND ThE ROOT OF NON-V-iRTUE? i SAY TO YOU/ tHE ROOT -iS ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE. yOU SAY/ wHAT -iS ThE ROOT OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE? i SAY TO YOU/ tHE ROOT OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE -iS DES-iRE/ AND ATTACHMENT. yOU SAY/ wHAT -iS ThE ROOT OF DES-iRE/ AND OF ATTACHMENT? i SAY TO YOU/ tHE ROOT OF DES-iRE AND ATTACHMENT -iS CONCEPTUAL-iZ-iNG OF ThE WRONG K-iND. yOU SAY/ wHAT -iS ThE ROOT OF CONCEPTUAL-iZ-iNG OF ThE WRONG K-iND? i SAY TO YOU/ tHE ROOT OF CONCEPTUAL-iZ-iNG OF ThE WRONG K-iND -iS TO Th-iNK OF Th-iNGS BACKWARDS. yOU SAY/ wHAT -iS ThE ROOT OF Th-iNK-iNG OF Th-iNGS BACKWARDS? i SAY TO YOU/ tHE ROOT OF Th-iNK-iNG OF Th-iNGS BACKWARDS -iS BASELESS. yOU SAY/ wHAT -iS ThE ROOT OF ThE BASELESS? i SAY TO YOU/ mANJUShR-i--HOW COULD -iT EVER EX-iST? hOW COULD ANYTh-iNG BE ThE ROOT OF SOMETh-iNG BASELESS? aND SO EVERYTh-iNG ThAT EX-iSTS RESTS HERE--HERE -iN ThE ROOT OF ThE BASELESS/ -iN NON- EX-iSTENCE. tHERE WAS A GODDESS L-iV-iNG -iN ThE HOUSE. sHE HEARD ThESE GREAT BODH-iSATTVAS/ ThESE GREAT BE-iNGS WHO HAD DED-iCATED ThEMSELVES TO OThERS/ SPEAK-iNG ThESE TEACH-iNGS. sHE WAS GREATLY PLEASED/ ShE REJO-iCED -iN ThE-iR GOOD/ AND SO ShE MADE HERSELF V-iS-iBLE TO ThEM. sHE TOOK ThE FRAGRANT BLOSSOMS OF ThE GODS/ AND ShOWERED ThEM DOWN/ POURED ThEM OVER ThE GREAT BODH-iSATTVAS/ AND ThE-iR D-iSC-iPLES. [kd0176/ FF. 327b-328a] tHE PER-iShABLE V-iEW'S POS-iT-iON -iN ThE CHA-iN OF CAUSAT-iON -iS CLAR-iF-iED FURThER BY cH-iM jAMPEY yANG -iN ThE OPEN-iNG L-iNES OF H-iS tREASURE hOUSE COMMENTARY. hERE HE D-iSCUSSES ThE POSS-iBLE COMB-iNAT-iONS BETWEEN SOMETh-iNG'S BE-iNG A CAUSE AND RESULT OF ThE V-iEW/ F-iRST D-iSQUAL-iFY-iNG CERTA-iN TYPES OF CAUSES AND RESULTS/ WH-iCH -iN -iTSELF -iNSTRUCTS US FURThERH hERE WE W-iLL NOT CONS-iDER ThE "MATURAT-iON" AND "SEPARAT-iON" TYPES OF RESULTS. iT WOULD BE -iNCORRECT TO SAY ThAT ThE V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE -iNCLUDED E-iThER CAUSES OR RESULTS -iNVOLVED W-iTh A MATURAT-iON OF ThE POWER OF A DEED [-i.E./ KARMA] OVER A NUMBER OF L-iFET-iMES. aND -iT WOULD BE -iMPROPER TO SAY ThAT ThE V-iEW WAS E-iThER A SEPARAT-iON [OF A PERSON FROM SP-iR-iTUALLY UNDES-iRABLE QUAL-iT-iES] OR ThE CAUSE OF SUCH A SEPARAT-iON. [s6954/ F. 4a] cH-iM jAMPEY yANG CONT-iNUES ON TO D-iSCUSS ThE ACTUAL COMB-iNAT-iONSH tHE F-iRST COMB-iNAT-iON WOULD BE ThAT OF SOMETh-iNG WH-iCH -iS NE-iThER ThE CAUSE NOR ThE RESULT OF ThE V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE. cASES WOULD BE ThE TRUE END OF ALL SUFFER-iNG/ AND ThE TRUE PATh TO -iT; EMPTY SPACE AND ThE CESSAT-iON OF UNDES-iRABLE QUAL-iT-iES ThAT DOES NOT -iNVOLVE ANALYS-iS; AND PARTS OF TRUE SUFFER-iNG WH-iCH ARE EL-iM-iNATED BY ThE SP-iR-iTUAL LEVEL KNOWN AS "HAB-iTUAT-iON" BUT WH-iCH DO NOT -iNVOLVE MENTAL AFFL-iCT-iON. . . tHE SECOND COMB-iNAT-iON WOULD BE ThAT OF SOMETh-iNG WH-iCH -iS A CAUSE OF/ BUT WH-iCH DOES NOT RESULT FROM/ ThE V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE. tH-iS COMB-iNAT-iON -iS AN -iMPOSS-iB-iL-iTY . . . [tHE Th-iRD COMB-iNAT-iON WOULD BE OF] SOMETh-iNG WH-iCH -iS A RESULT OF/ BUT NOT A CAUSE FOR/ ThE V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE. cASES OF Th-iS WOULD COME FROM ThE GROUP OF SO-CALLED "W-iDESPREAD" MENTAL AFFL-iCT-iONS ThAT ARE EL-iM-iNATED WHEN ONE PERCE-iVES ThE NATURE OF TRUE SUFFER-iNG. fROM Th-iS GROUP/ WE WOULD BE TALK-iNG ABOUT ThE V-iEW -iTSELF AND--FROM AMONG ThE OThER N-iNE--ThE E-iGHT LEFT AFTER EXCLUD-iNG -iGNORANCEH ALL ThE ABOVE BE-iNG CONS-iDERED AS FUTURE ENT-iT-iES/ AND ALONG W-iTh ThE MENTAL ELEMENTS L-iNKED UP W-iTh ThEM . . . [tHE FOURTh COMB-iNAT-iON OF] SOMETh-iNG WH-iCH -iS BOTh A CAUSE AND RESULT OF ThE PER-iShABLE V-iEW WOULD BE ALL TEN OF ThE W-iDESPREAD MENTAL AFFL-iCT-iONS TO BE ABANDONED BY A D-iRECT PERCEPT-iON OF ThE NATURE OF TRUE SUFFER-iNG/ CONS-iDERED AS PAST OR PRESENT ENT-iT-iES/ ALONG W-iTh ThE MENTAL ELEMENTS L-iNKED TOGEThER W-iTh ThEM. [s6954/ FF. 4a-b] a F-iNAL NOTE TO ThE CAUSAL POS-iT-iON OF OUR V-iEW COMES FROM A MATCH BY ThE SEARCH PROGRAM MUCH FURThER ON -iN ThE SAME TEXTH hERE -iS ThE PROGRESS-iON. f-iRST ThERE -iS A SORT OF BL-iNDNESS ABOUT ThE FOUR UN-iVERSAL TRUThS [OF SUFFER-iNG/ -iTS CAUSE/ -iTS END/ AND ThE WAY TO ThE END]. tH-iS LEADS TO DOUBT OVER WHEThER Th-iNGS ARE OR AREN'T ThESE TRUThS. tHE DOUBT LEADS ONE TO ERR-iNG METhODS OF STUDY AND CONTEMPLAT-iON/ WH-iCH CAUSE -iN H-iM ThE V-iEW ThAT UNDEREST-iMATES ThE FOUR BY CONCLUD-iNG ThAT ThEY ARE NOT TRUE. oNCE Th-iS M-iSTAKEN V-iEW HAS STARTED/ -iT LEADS TO ThE V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE/ WHERE-iN ONE FA-iLS TO RECOGN-iZE ThAT ThE HEAPS ThAT MAKE H-iM UP ARE JUST A COLLECT-iON OF -iMPERMANENT Th-iNGS/ AND ThEREBY GA-iNS ThE -iLLUS-iON ThAT ThERE EX-iSTS AN [-iNDEPENDENT] SELF. tH-iS ThEN LEADS TO EXTREME V-iEWS/ HOLD-iNG ThAT ThE SELF -iS E-iThER PERMANENT OR ThAT -iT DOES NOT EX-iST AT ALL. oNCE ThESE EXTREME V-iEWS HAVE STARTED/ ONE GA-iNS A CONV-iCT-iON ThAT HE CAN PUR-iFY ThE K-iND OF SELF ThAT HE -iS HAV-iNG ThE EXTREME V-iEW OVER; AND SO ThERE BEG-iNS -iN H-iM ThE V-iEW ThAT M-iSTAKEN TYPES OF MORAL-iTY AND ASCET-iC-iSMS ARE SUPREME. nEXT HE V-iEWS H-iS OWN CONV-iCT-iON ABOUT ThESE SUPPOSED METhODS OF PUR-iF-iCAT-iON AS BE-iNG -iTSELF SUPREME/ AND SO GROWS ThE V-iEW WE CALL "HOLD-iNG ONE'S V-iEWS SUPREME." tHEN HE GA-iNS ATTACHMENT AND PR-iDE OVER H-iS OWN V-iEWS/ AS WELL AS D-iSTASTE FOR OThERS' V-iEWS. aND ThUS DO ThE MENTAL AFFL-iCT-iONS TAKE ThE-iR B-iRTh/ ONE PROGRESS-iNG TO ThE NEXT. [s6954/ F. 295b] 3. gENERAL FUNCT-iON OF PER-iShABLE V-iEW wE HAVE SEEN VAR-iOUS REFERENCES -iN ThE DESCR-iPT-iON OF ThE BAS-iC NATURE OF PER-iShABLE V-iEW WH-iCH G-iVE US SOME -iDEA OF -iTS FUNCT-iON/ AND WE W-iLL DEVOTE AN ENT-iRE SECT-iON BELOW TO HOW -iT ACTS -iN CAUS-iNG ThE AFFL-iCT-iON OF ThE M-iND/ AND CONSEQUENT SUFFER-iNG. hERE ThOUGH -iS A S-iMPLE METAPHOR TO DESCR-iBE ThE V-iEW'S GENERAL FUNCT-iON/ A SORT OF REST STOP ON ThE PATh ThROUGH ThE DATA. iT COMES AGA-iN FROM ThE f-iRST dALA-i lAMA'S iLLUM-iNAT-iONaH tHE sUTR-iSTS PRESENT -iT Th-iS WAY. tHERE ARE ThREE MA-iN Th-iNGS ThAT CAN KEEP YOU FROM TRAVELL-iNG TO A CERTA-iN DEST-iNAT-iONaH NOT WANT-iNG TO GO -iN ThE F-iRST PLACE/ TAK-iNG A WRONG TURN SOMEWHERE ON ThE WAY/ AND AT ThE END TO HAVE DOUBTS ThAT YOU ARE ON ThE R-iGHT ROAD AT ALL. hERE ON OUR TR-iP TO ThE C-iTY OF L-iBERAT-iON -iT'S ThE SAME. tHE PER-iShABLE V-iEW KEEPS US FROM WANT-iNG TO GO -iN ThE F-iRST PLACE. wE TAKE A WRONG TURN ON ThE WAY WHEN WE HOLD ThAT OUR M-iSTAKEN V-iEWS ABOUT MORAL-iTY AND ASCET-iC-iSM ARE ThE BEST. aND AT ThE END/ -iNDEC-iS-iON ABOUT ThE SP-iR-iTUAL PATh BR-iNGS US DOUBTS ABOUT ThE ROAD -iTSELF. s-iNCE ThESE/ SAY ThE sUTR-iSTS/ ARE ThE NUMBER OF Th-iNGS ThAT CAN PREVENT ONE FROM MAK-iNG ThE TR-iP/ ThEN ThE MENTAL AFFL-iCT-iONS ThAT ACT AS BONDS ARE/ FROM ThE PO-iNT OF V-iEW OF WHAT WE W-iLL HAVE TO G-iVE UP/ PREC-iSELY ThREE AS WELL. [s5525/ F. 159b] 4. tYPES AND MEMBERSh-iPS OF PER-iShABLE V-iEW aNALYZ-iNG ANYTh-iNG -iNTO PARTS G-iVES A DEEPER UNDERSTAND-iNG OF -iT/ AND WE CAN LEARN MUCH ABOUT ThE PER-iShABLE V-iEW BY STUDY-iNG ThE TYPES -iN WH-iCH -iT -iS FOUND. aS A COROLLARY/ WE CAN ALSO LOOK -iNTO ThE GROUPS OF WH-iCH -iT -iS A MEMBER. hERE OUR -iN-iT-iAL F-iND -iN A SEARCH OF ThE DATABASE COMES FROM ThE jOURNEY TO lANGKA (lANG-KAR GShEGS-PA/ lAã¾Kã¾VATã¾RA)/ A FAMOUS mAHAYANA SUTRA TAUGHT BY sHAKYAMUN-i bUDDHA H-iMSELFH nOW mAHAMAT-i/ YOU ASK OF MEH wHAT ARE ThESE BONDS? tHEY ARE AS FOLLOWSH ThE V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE/ DOUBT/ AND DELUS-iON OF GRANDEUR OVER ONE'S MORAL-iTY AND ASCET-iC-iSMS. tHESE ARE ThE ThREE BONDS/ FOR -iT -iS ThESE ThREE ENEM-iES ThAT ONE MUST DESTROY/ ONE BY ONE/ ALONG ThE PATh/ TO REACH UP TO ThE GOAL OF "ENEMY DESTROYER." nOW mAHAMAT-i/ Th-iS V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE COMES -iN TWO D-iFFERENT TYPES. oNE -iS ThE -iNNATE/ WH-iCH YOU ARE BORN W-iTh. tHE OThER -iS ThE LEARNED ONE/ ThE ONE YOU CONCE-iVE OF LATER. iTS NATURE -iS ThAT YOU MUST LEARN TO CONCE-iVE OF Th-iNGS Th-iS WAY ThROUGH BE-iNG -iNFLUENCED BY SOMEONE ELSE. tH-iS/ mAHAMAT-i/ -iS HOW -iT WORKSH -iNFLUENCED BY OThERS/ YOU DEVELOP VAR-iOUS BEL-iEFS ThAT SOMETh-iNG'S NATURE -iS WHAT YOU CONCE-iVE OF/ -iNSTEAD OF WHAT -iT ACTUALLY -iS. aND S-iNCE ThE CHARACTER-iST-iCS YOU SEE ThEN ARE ONLY YOUR OWN CONCEPT-iON/ WE CAN ADM-iTTEDLY SAY ThAT ThE Th-iNG NE-iThER EX-iSTS/ NOR DOESN'T EX-iST/ NOR BOTh EX-iSTS AND DOESN'T EX-iST. bUT ThE CH-iLDREN OF ThE WORLD HAVE ThE-iR CONCEPT-iONS/ AND GRASP TO ThE-iR -iMAG-iNAT-iON ThAT ThE Th-iNG HAS SOME NATURAL CHARACTER-iST-iCS. tHEY ARE L-iKE W-iLD MOUNTA-iN DEER/ TRANSF-iXED BY ThE S-iGHT OF A M-iRAGE. [k0107/ FF. 162b-163a] cH-iM jAMPEY yANG SAYS A B-iT MORE/ CONC-iSELY/ ABOUT ThESE TYPES OF OUR V-iEW (NOTE ThAT ThE DEER -iS A D-iFFERENT ONE)H tHE V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE -iS OF TWO TYPESH -iNNATE AND LEARNED. tHE F-iRST -iS A TYPE POSSESSED BY EACH AND EVERY "CH-iLD" OR COMMON BE-iNG/ ON DOWN EVEN TO B-iRDS OR W-iLD DEER. [hERE "CH-iLD" AND "COMMON BE-iNG" REFER TO ANY L-iV-iNG CREATURE WHO HAS YET TO PERCE-iVE D-iRECTLY ThAT NO -iNaHERENT SELF EX-iSTS.] tHE SECOND -iS A TYPE POSSESSED FOR EXAMPLE BY MEMBERS OF NON-bUDDH-iST PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL SCHOOLS. [s6954/ F. 280a] oUR COMPUTER PATh NEXT TAKES FOUR QU-iCK CONSECUT-iVE STOPS -iN ThE gREAT d-iCT-iONARY/ G-iV-iNG NEARLY EVERY POSS-iBLE D-iV-iS-iON OF ThE PER-iShABLE V-iEW -iN ONE FELL SWOOPH PER-iShABLE V-iEW/ ThE LEARNEDH aN ASCR-iPT-iON OF "SELF" MADE ONLY ON ThE BAS-iS OF ThE BEL-iEFS OF SOME PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL SCHOOLH A V-iEW -iN WH-iCH ONE GRASPS TO SOME PERMANENT/ UN-iTARY/ AND SELF-GOVERN-iNG SELF--OR TO SOME PERSON WHO CAN STAND -iNDEPENDENT ON H-iS OWN/ WHO -iS SUBSTANT-iAL. PER-iShABLE V-iEWS/ ThE TWENTYH tHE F-iRST FOUR ARE TO V-iEW ONE'S PHYS-iCAL FORM AS BE-iNG A SELF; TO V-iEW ThE SELF AS POSSESS-iNG ONE'S PHYS-iCAL FORM BY DEF-iN-iT-iON; TO V-iEW ONE'S PHYS-iCAL FORM AS HAV-iNG A SELF BY DEF-iN-iT-iON; AND TO V-iEW ONE'S PHYS-iCAL FORM AS EX-iST-iNG W-iTh ONE'S SELF BY DEF-iN-iT-iON. a TOTAL OF TWENTY -iS ARR-iVED AT BY V-iEW-iNG ONE'S FEEL-iNGS/ AND H-iS OThER ThREE HEAPS/ -iN ThE SAME FOUR WAYS EACH. PER-iShABLE V-iEWS/ ThE TWOH tHE TWO TYPES OF PER-iShABLE V-iEW -iN WH-iCH ONE GRASPS TO H-iS "SELF/" OR TO H-iS "SELF'S." PER-iShABLE V-iEW/ ThE -iNNATEH tHE -iNTR-iNS-iC/ -iNBORN -iGNORANCE OR GRASP-iNG TO A "SELF" ThROUGH WH-iCH EVERY BE-iNG [ThE t-iBETAN WORD EXCLUDES bUDDHAS OR ENL-iGHTENED BE-iNGS] TENDS TO GRASP TO SOME "ME" OR "M-iNE." [r0002/ P. 897] aS FOR SOME OF ThE OThER GROUPS -iN WH-iCH OUR V-iEW HOLDS MEMBERSh-iP/ WE TURN F-iRST TO ThE tREASURE hOUSE OF cH-iMH tHE V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE/ ALONG W-iTh ThE OThER FOUR [V-iEWS] ThAT -iNVOLVE MENTAL AFFL-iCT-iON--AS WELL ThE PURE V-iEW OF ThE WORLD/ WH-iCH MAKES A TOTAL OF S-iX--ARE ALL WHAT WE CALL "CONVENT-iONAL" STATES OF M-iND; ThEY ARE/ MOREOVER/ ALL V-iEWPO-iNTS/ -iN ThAT ThEY CONS-iST OF DECLARAT-iONS ABOUT Th-iNGS. [s6954/ FF. 364a-b] cH-iM jAMPEY yANG ALSO MENT-iONS "FOUR ROOT MENTAL AFFL-iCT-iONSH ThE V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE/ -iGNORANCE/ PR-iDE/ AND DES-iRE" [s6954/ F. 74b]. iN YET ANOThER SECT-iON HE L-iSTS ThE PER-iShABLE V-iEW -iN ONE BREATh W-iTh BOTh ThE F-iVE V-iEWS AND W-iTh-iN ThE "W-iDESPREAD" MENTAL AFFL-iCT-iONSH wE ALSO SEE MENT-iON ThAT "ThESE S-iX W-iDESPREAD MENTAL AFFL-iCT-iONS ARE/ ACCORD-iNG TO ThE kNOWLEDGE SYSTEM/ ALSO EXPLA-iNED AS BE-iNG TEN." oNE MAY ASK HOW WE ARR-iVE AT ThE ADD-iT-iONAL NUMBER. wE D-iV-iDE ThE ONE OF "V-iEWS" -iNTO ThE F-iVE D-iFFERENT V-iEWS/ AND ADD ThEM ON. tHE F-iVE V-iEWS HERE ARE ThE V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE; M-iSTAKEN V-iEW; EXTREME V-iEWS; ThE V-iEW WHERE-iN ONE HOLDS H-iS V-iEWS ThE BEST; AND ThE V-iEW ThAT M-iSTAKEN MORAL-iTY AND ASCET-iC-iSMS ARE ThE BEST. [s6954/ F. 267a] sT-iLL AGA-iN -iN ThE SAME TEXT WE SEE OUR V-iEW GROUPED -iNTO ThE "CATEGORY OF PHENOMENA"; A TECHN-iCAL WORD REFERR-iNG COLLECT-iVELY TO ThE OBJECTS OF ThE CONSC-iOUSNESS OF ONE'S OWN M-iNDH wHAT DO WE MEAN WHEN WE SAY "ONE PART OF ThE CATEGORY OF PHENOMENA"? tHERE ARE E-iGHT D-iFFERENT PARTS HEREH ThE GROUP OF F-iVE [V-iEWS] START-iNG W-iTh ThE V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE; ThE PURE V-iEW OF ThE WORLD; ThE V-iEW OF ONE WHO -iS ST-iLL LEARN-iNG; AND ThE V-iEW OF ONE WHO HAS F-iN-iShED LEARN-iNG. [s6954/ F. 51a] tWO MORE GROUPS -iNCLUDE OUR V-iEW OR -iTS OBJECT; AS ThE gREAT d-iCT-iONARY RELATES-- ThE F-iVE ATTACHMENTSH tHEY ARE ATTACHMENT TO OUTER Th-iNGS/ ATTACHMENT TO -iNNER Th-iNGS/ ATTACHMENT TO SUFFER-iNG/ ATTACHMENT TO FORMS/ AND ATTACHMENT TO ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE. [r0002/ P. 1415] ThE F-iVE ThOUGHTS CONDUC-iVE TO ThE LOWER [OF ThE ThREE REALMS]H tHESE CONST-iTUTE ThE F-iVE OF DES-iRE/ ANGER/ ThE V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE/ HOLD-iNG ONE'S M-iSTAKEN MORAL-iTY AND ASCET-iC-iSMS AS SUPREME/ AND DOUBT; ALL -iN ThE REALM OF DES-iRE. [r0002/ P. 2529] a L-iST S-iM-iLAR TO ThE LATTER APPEARS -iN ThE f-iRST dALA-i lAMA'S COMMENTARY TO tHE tREASURE hOUSE/ AND HELPS US UNDERSTAND ThE D-iCT-iONARY ENTRYH tHERE ARE F-iVE OF ThE BONDS ThAT WE SAY ARE "CONDUC-iVE TO ThE LAST." tHESE ARE ThE V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE/ HOLD-iNG ONE'S M-iSTAKEN MORAL-iTY AND ASCET-iC-iSMS AS SUPREME/ ATTRACT-iON TO ThE OBJECTS OF ThE SENSES/ DOUBT/ AND MAL-iCE. wHY DO WE CALL ThEM "CONDUC-iVE TO ThE LAST"? tHE "LAST" OF ThE ThREE REALMS -iS ThE REALM OF DES-iRE/ AND ThESE ARE ALL CONDUC-iVE TO -iT. iN WHAT SENSE ARE ThEY SO CONDUC-iVE? tWO OF ThEM--ATTRACT-iON TO ThE OBJECTS OF ThE SENSES/ AND MAL-iCE--PREVENT YOU FROM EVER GETT-iNG BEYOND ThE DES-iRE REALM. aND ASSUM-iNG YOU EVER COULD TAKE A S-iNGLE B-iRTh -iN ONE OF ThE H-iGHER TWO REALMS/ ThEN ThE OThER ThREE--MEAN-iNG PER-iShABLE V-iEW AND ThE REMA-iN-iNG TWO--BR-iNG YOU R-iGHT BACK AFTERWARDS/ TO ThE REALM OF DES-iRE. [s5525/ F. 159a] tHE ROLE OF MEMBERSh-iP -iS REVERSED -iN ThE pERFECT-iON OF w-iSDOM -iN 8/000 wERSES (BRgYAD STONG PA/ aã¾ã¾ASã¾HASRã¾KA pRAJâ¤ã¾Pã¾RAM-iTã¾)/ A RENOWNED SUTRA ON ThE MEAN-iNG OF ThE bUDDH-iST -iDEA OF EMPT-iNESS. hERE ThE bUDDHA SAYSH sUBHUT-i/ -iT'S ThE SAME AS ThE CASE W-iTh ThE V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE/ -iNTO WH-iCH EVERY ONE OF ThE 62 TYPES OF WRONG V-iEWS CAN BE -iNCLUDED. [k0012/ F. 233a] tHE SEARCH PROGRAM TAKES US LASTLY TO A TEXT WH-iCH EXPLA-iNS ThE UN-iQUE V-iEWS OF ThE m-iND-oNLY SCHOOL OF bUDDH-iSM; STOPP-iNG AT pANGLUNG lOBSANG tUKJE'S oVERV-iEW OF bAS-iS cONSC-iOUSNESS/ WE SEE OUR V-iEW -iN ONE F-iNAL GROUPH tHERE ARE ThREE FURThER D-iV-iS-iONS YOU CAN MAKE W-iTh MENTAL SEEDSH SEEDS OF EXPRESS-iON/ SEEDS OF ThE V-iEW OF A SELF/ AND SEEDS OF ThE PARTS TO CYCL-iC EX-iSTENCE. . .tHE SECOND TYPE ARE F-iXED [-iN ThE M-iND] BY ThE ThOUGHT OF AFFL-iCT-iON AND BY -iTS VAR-iOUS ATTENDANTS; ThESE ARE ThE SEEDS ThAT ACT AS SPEC-iAL TYPES OF CAUSES FOR ThE TWO M-iDDLE K-iNDS OF RECOGN-iT-iONaH ThE ONE -iN WH-iCH A PERSON SEEMS TO BE "SELF" TO H-iMSELF/ AND ThE ONE -iN WH-iCH PERSONS SEPARATE FROM ONESELF SEEM TO BE "OThER." tHESE TYPES OF MENTAL SEEDS ARE KNOWN AS WELL AS "SEEDS OF ThE V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE/" FOR ThEY ARE MENTAL SEEDS ThAT ACT AS CAUSES FOR ThE PER-iShABLE V-iEW. tH-iS DESCR-iPT-iON ThOUGH -iS NOT -iNVAR-iABLY ThE CASEH MENTAL SEEDS FOR ThE -iNNATE FORM OF V-iEW-iNG SOME "SELF" ARE F-iXED BY BOTh TYPES OF ThE ThOUGHT; MENTAL SEEDS FOR ThE LEARNED FORM OF V-iEW-iNG SOME "SELF" CAN ONLY BE F-iXED BY CONSC-iOUSNESS OF ThE ThOUGHT. [s0018/ F. 20a-b] 5. oBJECTS OF PER-iShABLE V-iEW hOW DOES ThE PER-iShABLE V-iEW RELATE TO -iTS OBJECT/ AND WHAT -iS ThE NATURE OF ThE OBJECT? wE HAVE ALREADY SEEN/ FROM A H-iT -iN ThE tREASURE hOUSE OF cH-iM [s6954/ F. 271b]/ ThAT -iT ShOULD BE A K-iND OF OVEREST-iMAT-iON OF -iTS OBJECT/ RAThER ThAN AN UNDEREST-iMAT-iON/ AS SOME OThER TYPES OF V-iEWPO-iNTS ARE. iT ShOULD SEE SOMETh-iNG/ -iN Th-iS CASE A "SELF/" WHERE ThERE -iS NONE. aN -iMPORTANT STOP ON OUR ELECTRON-iC JOURNEY -iS A CLASS-iC SELECT-iON FROM ONE OF ThE MONAST-iC TEXTBOOKS OF sERA mEY; ThE FOLLOW-iNG -iS FROM ThE oVERV-iEW OF dEPENDENT oR-iG-iNAT-iON (RtEN-'BREL SPY-i-DON)/ COMPOSED BY ThE GREAT kEDRUP tENPA dARGYE (MkHAS-GRUB BStAN-PA DAR-RGYAS/ 1493-1568)H aCCORD-iNG TO OUR OWN SYSTEM/ ThE DEF-iN-iT-iON OF -iGNORANCE -iS "tHAT BL-iNDED MENTAL FUNCT-iON WH-iCH/ F-iRST OF ALL/ HOLDS -iTS OBJECT -iN A WAY WH-iCH -iS -iN D-iRECT CONTRAD-iCT-iON W-iTh ThE WAY ThAT ThE W-iSDOM WH-iCH REAL-iZES ThERE -iS NO SELF-NATURE OF A PERSON HOLDS -iTS OBJECT/ OR W-iTh ThE WAY ThAT ThE W-iSDOM WH-iCH REAL-iZES ThE GROSSER RELAT-iONSh-iP BETWEEN DEEDS AND ThE-iR CONSEQUENCES HOLDS -iTS OBJECT. aND SECONDLY -iT MUST BE/ OF -iTS OWN ACCORD/ BL-iND TO ThE NATURE OF ThE OBJECT TOWARDS WH-iCH -iT -iS FOCUSED." oNE MAY D-iV-iDE Th-iS -iGNORANCE -iNTO TWO TYPESH -iGNORANCE WH-iCH -iS BL-iND TO ThE "SUCHNESS" OF Th-iNGS/ OR ThE-iR LACK OF AN -iNDEPENDENT SELF/ AND -iGNORANCE WH-iCH -iS BL-iND TO ThE GROSSER RELAT-iONSh-iP BETWEEN DEEDS AND ThE-iR CONSEQUENCES. tHE F-iRST TYPE OF -iGNORANCE COMES -iTSELF -iN TWO TYPESH ThE PER-iShABLE V-iEW/ AND VAR-iOUS OThER K-iNDS OF GRASP-iNG TO SOME SELF-NATURE OF A PERSON. tHE FORMER -iS DEF-iNED AS "tHE -iDEA WHERE-iN ThE PERSON WHO HAS -iT FOCUSES UPON ThE 'ME' AND 'M-iNE' OF H-iS OWN AND HOLDS ThEM TO CONST-iTUTE SOME SELF-SUPPORT-iNG AND SUBSTANT-iAL PERSON." tHE LATTER -iS DEF-iNED AS "tHE -iDEA WHERE-iN ONE FOCUSES UPON SOMEONE ELSE'S 'ME' AND HOLDS -iT TO CONST-iTUTE SOME SELF-SUPPORT-iNG AND SUBSTANT-iAL PERSON." wE CAN SAY ThAT A TYPE OF -iGNORANCE WH-iCH CONST-iTUTES BL-iNDNESS TOWARDS ThE GROSSER RELAT-iONSh-iP BETWEEN DEEDS AND ThE-iR CONSEQUENCES -iS "-iGNORANCE" [-iN ThE SENSE OF ThE F-iRST L-iNK OF DEPENDENT OR-iG-iNAT-iON] HERE BECAUSE ThE -iGNORANCE ThAT PROV-iDES ThE MOT-iVAT-iON WH-iLE ONE -iS PERFORM-iNG ThE CAUSAT-iVE DEEDS OF ThE SECOND L-iNK OF DEPENDENT OR-iG-iNAT-iON -iS PREC-iSELY -iGNORANCE -iN Th-iS SENSE. aS ThE cOMPEND-iUM SAYS/ "bL-iNDNESS -iS OF TWO TYPESH BL-iNDNESS ABOUT ThE WAY ThAT CONSEQUENCES R-iPEN/ AND BL-iNDNESS ABOUT ThE MEAN-iNG OF SUCHNESS. bL-iNDNESS ABOUT ThE WAY CONSEQUENCES R-iPEN LEADS ONE -iNTO ThE CAUSAT-iVE DEEDS ThAT ARE NON-V-iRTUE. bL-iNDNESS ABOUT ThE MEAN-iNG OF SUCHNESS LEADS ONE -iNTO ThE CAUSAT-iVE DEEDS ThAT ARE MER-iT [GOOD DEEDS FOR A B-iRTh -iN ThE DES-iRE REALM] OR KARMA OF ThE TYPE ThAT CANNOT BE RED-iRECTED [-i.E./ GOOD DEEDS FOR A B-iRTh -iN ThE H-iGHER REALMS]." hERE -iN ThE PRESENT SYSTEM [ThAT OF ThE sVATANTR-iKA mADHYAM-iKA]/ "HEAPS" -iN ThE SENSE ThEY HAVE WHEN YOU SPEAK OF HEAPS AS OPPOSED TO SELF CAN ACT AS ThE PR-iNC-iPAL OBJECT TOWARDS WH-iCH ThE -iNNATE FORM OF PER-iShABLE V-iEW FOCUSES. iN ThE pRANSANG-iKA mADHYAM-iKA SCHOOL ThOUGH Th-iS WOULD BE -iNCORRECT/ FOR WE HAVE ThE D-iST-iNCT-iON BETWEEN ThESE TWO SCHOOLS WHERE ThEY E-iThER AGREE OR DENY ThAT ThE MERE "ME" ATTR-iBUTED TO ThE HEAPS -iS AN -iNSTANCE OF ThE PERSON. mOREOVER/ WE HAVE ThE EXPLANAT-iON ThAT "-iT -iS A V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE -iN ThAT -iT FOCUSES UPON HEAPS WH-iCH PER-iSh AND WH-iCH ARE ASSEMBLED." iT -iS NOT A CASE OF ThE PER-iShABLE V-iEW WHEN YOU FOCUS UPON ThE "ME" OF ANOThER BE-iNG AND HOLD -iT AS BE-iNG SELF-SUPPORT-iNG AND SUBSTANT-iAL; Th-iS -iS BECAUSE ThE M-iND-STATE -iN WH-iCH YOU AUTOMAT-iCALLY Th-iNK "ME" DOESN'T COME UP WHEN YOU ARE FOCUS-iNG ON SOMEONE ELSE. [s0014/ FF. 3b-4a] tHE JOURNEY HERE CAN BRANCH DEEPER OFF -iNTO ThE "ME AND M-iNE-NESS" OF OUR OBJECTH ThE SEARCH PROGRAM H-iTS ThE FOLLOW-iNG L-iNES OF wASUBANDHU'S AUTOCOMMENTARY-- tHE V-iEW LOOKS AT WHAT -iS ACTUALLY A PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE AND SEES -iT AS BE-iNG SOME "ME". . .iT -iS EXPLA-iNED ThAT JUST BY SEE-iNG SOME "ME" WH-iCH -iS A D-iRECTOR OR MASTER/ -iT ALSO SEES SOME "M-iNE/" AND SO Th-iS S-iNGLE V-iEW OF A "ME" -iS SA-iD TO BE TWO-PRONGED. bUT -iF -iN ADD-iT-iON TO ThE V-iEW OF "ME" WE WERE TO POS-iT A WHOLLY SEPARATE V-iEW FOR ThE ThOUGHT OF "M-iNE/" WE WOULD HAVE TO DO SO TOO FOR ThOUGHTS OF "BY ME" AND "FOR ME." [td4090/ F. 231a] tHE tREASURE hOUSE OF cH-iM CONCURS AND EXPANDSH oNE MAY ASK ThE FOLLOW-iNGH "yOU HAVE SA-iD ThAT ThE F-iRST TWO TYPES OF V-iEW [HERE/ ThE PER-iShABLE V-iEW AND EXTREME V-iEW AS FOUND -iN ThE DES-iRE REALM] CANNOT FOCUS ON ThE H-iGHER REALMS. bUT WHAT -iF A PERSON -iN ThE DES-iRE REALM V-iEWS ThE pURE oNE [A WORLDLY GOD] AS BE-iNG A SENT-iENT BE-iNG; AND WHAT -iF HE V-iEWS H-iM AS BE-iNG PERMANENT?" w-iEW-iNG Th-iS GOD AS A SENT-iENT BE-iNG -iS NOT ThE SAME AS HOLD-iNG H-iM TO BE "ME" OR "M-iNE/" AND SO -iT -iS NOT ThE V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE. aND EVEN -iF ThE PERSON WERE TO HOLD ThE GOD AS BE-iNG PERMANENT/ Th-iS WOULD NOT BE A V-iEW ThAT GRASPED TO AN EXTREME/ S-iNCE -iT MUST BE MOT-iVATED BY ThE V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE/ AND ThERE -iS NO V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE PRESENT. tH-iS -iS ThE POS-iT-iON. [s6954/ F. 277b] tHE SPEC-iAL CONNOTAT-iON OF "ME AND M-iNE" HERE -iS BROUGHT OUT -iN ThE FOLLOW-iNG SELECT-iON FROM ThE oRNAMENT OF rEAL-iZAT-iONS (MnGON-RTOGS RGYAN/ aBH-iSAMAYã¾LAã¾Kã¾RA)/ SPOKEN BY mA-iTREYA TO aSANGA/ ThE BROThER OF MASTER wASUBANDHU/ -iN ThE 4Th cENTURYH hE WAS FREE OF ThE V-iEW OF PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLY BUT tHE bUDDHA ST-iLL SPOKE OF A "ME" AND "M-iNE"; jUST SO ThOUGH -iT'S TRUE ThAT Th-iNGS POSSESS NO NATURE/ hE SA-iD ThEY D-iD/ BUT SPOKE ONLY F-iGURAT-iVELY. [td3861/ F. 206a] oUR ELECTRON-iC EXPLORAT-iON OF ThE OBJECT OF ThE PER-iShABLE V-iEW ShOULD AT ABOUT Th-iS PO-iNT RA-iSE A QUEST-iON -iN OUR M-iNDSH -iF ThE V-iEW -iS SEE-iNG AN -iNDEPENDENT "ME" OR "M-iNE/" AND -iF ThESE DON'T EVEN EX-iST/ HOW CAN WE SAY ThAT ThE V-iEW HAS AN "OBJECT"? hERE mASTER wASUBANDHU ANT-iC-iPATES ThE CLASS-iC D-iST-iNCT-iON BETWEEN ThE OBJECT ONE FOCUSES UPON AND ThE OBJECT ONE Th-iNKS HE SEESH "hOW -iS -iT/" ONE MAY ASK/ "ThAT YOU CAN SAY ThAT A PERSON NEVER REVERTS ONCE HE HAS REACHED ThE F-iRST RESULT [OF SP-iR-iTUAL PRACT-iCEH ThE D-iRECT PERCEPT-iON OF SELFLESSNESS/ KNOWN AS 'ENTER-iNG ThE STREAM/' AT ThE SP-iR-iTUAL LEVEL CALLED 'SEE-iNG']?" tH-iS -iS BECAUSE ThE UNDES-iRABLE QUAL-iT-iES ThAT WERE EL-iM-iNATED BY ThE ACT OF "SEE-iNG" HAVE NO BAS-iS; S-iNCE ThEY HAVE AT ThE-iR ROOT ThE V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE/ ThEY HAVE AS WELL ThE TENDENCY TO BE "BASED -iN" SOME [NON-EX-iSTENT] SELF. "wELL ThEN/" ONE MAY OBJECT/ "AREN'T YOU ThEN SAY-iNG ThAT ThEY FOCUS ON A NON-ENT-iTY?" yET ThEY DO NOT/ FOR ThEY FOCUS ON ThE VAR-iOUS TRUThS. tHEY DO HOWEVER FOCUS ON ThEM -iN A WAY WH-iCH -iS BACKWARDS. "wHAT ThEN ABOUT ThE OThER AFFL-iCTED STATES OF M-iND ThAT DO NOT ACT Th-iS WAY?" ONE MAY ASK. tHERE -iS A D-iST-iNCT-iON HERE; ThE V-iEW ThAT ThERE -iS SOME "SELF" -iS OVEREST-iMAT-iNGH WHERE ThERE -iS -iN TRUTh NO SELF/ -iT SEES SOME FAULTY K-iND OF SELF/ ONE WH-iCH ACTS TOWARDS PHYS-iCAL Th-iNGS AND OThER OBJECTS/ ONE WH-iCH EXPER-iENCES ThEM/ ONE WH-iCH CONTROLS ThEM. eXTREME V-iEWS AND ThE REST ARE BASED -iN Th-iS V-iEW/ AND SO TOO WE CALL ThEM ThE "BASELESS." [td4091/ FF. 32b-33a] tHE SELF-EX-iST-iNG "ME" AND "M-iNE" MAY BE NON-EX-iSTENT/ BUT GRASP-iNG TO ThEM -iS ANYTh-iNG BUT; WE READ AGA-iN/ FROM ThE SAME WORK/ ABOUT -iTS MAL-iGNANT FUNCT-iONaH sUTRA SAYS ThAT "-iF ThE SELF WERE TO EX-iST/ SO WOULD ThE SELF'S/" AND SO WHEN ThESE ThOUGHTS OCCUR -iN FORCE TO GRASP ThE HEAPS AS SOMETh-iNG OF ONESELF'S/ ThEY ARE A V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE. oNCE ONE V-iEWS Th-iNGS AS ONESELF'S/ HE BEG-iNS TO HAVE ATTACHMENT FOR ThEM. aND Th-iS -iS HOW ONE COMES TO BE ShACKLED/ -iN CHA-iNS OF ATTACHMENT/ FOR ThE SELF AND SELF'S. fREEDOM BECOMES/ FOR SUCH AS ThESE/ EVER MORE FAR AWAY. [td4091/ F. 90b] 6. mORAL CONTENT OF PER-iShABLE V-iEW iT -iS -iMPORTANT -iN bUDDH-iST PH-iLOSOPHY NOT ONLY TO EXAM-iNE ThE ESSENCE AND CLASS-iF-iCAT-iONS OF A CONCEPT/ BUT FURThER TO DETERM-iNE -iTS MORAL CONTENTH -iS ThE Th-iNG V-iRTUOUS/ NON-V-iRTUOUS/ OR ETh-iCALLY NEUTRAL? a HYPERTEXT PATh ThROUGH OUR DATABASE FOR A bUDDH-iST CONCEPT ShOULD ThEN BRANCH OFF NOW TO SOME D-iSCUSS-iONS OF Th-iS QUEST-iON. wE TURN F-iRST TO mASTER wASUBANDHU'S aUTOCOMMENTARYH iT'S EXPLA-iNED ThAT---iN ThE DES-iRE REALM--ThE V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE/ EXTREME V-iEWS/ AND -iGNORANCE WH-iCH -iS L-iNKED UP W-iTh ThEM MENTALLY ARE ALL ETh-iCALLY NEUTRAL. wHY? bECAUSE -iT'S NO CONTRAD-iCT-iON TO ENTERTA-iN ThESE ThOUGHTS AND ST-iLL PRACT-iCE CHAR-iTY AND OThER GOOD DEEDS. oNE CAN PERFORM AN ACT OF G-iV-iNG/ OR KEEP H-iS MORAL-iTY/ AND ST-iLL Th-iNK/ "mAY i MYSELF ThUS F-iND SOME HAPP-iNESS -iN ThE OThER WORLD." tHE [EXTREME V-iEW] ThAT ThE SELF STOPS -iS AS WELL -iN SOME SENSE CONS-iSTENT W-iTh FREEDOM; TO Th-iS VERY PO-iNT ThE V-iCTOR-iOUS bUDDHA HAS STATED ThAT "oF ALL ThE VAR-iOUS [M-iSTAKEN] V-iEWS OF ThE NON-bUDDH-iSTS/ ThE BEST -iS ThE V-iEWPO-iNT WHERE ONE Th-iNKS TO H-iMSELF/ 'mAY ThE SELF CEASE TO EX-iST; mAY ThE SELF'S CEASE TO EX-iST; mAY ThE SELF NEVER OCCUR; mAY ThE SELF'S NEVER OCCUR.'" tHESE TWO V-iEWS ARE/ MOREOVER/ ETh-iCALLY NEUTRAL FOR ThE REASON ThAT ThEY ARE ABSOLUTELY BL-iND TO Th-iNGS/ AND BECAUSE ThEY DO NOT -iNVOLVE ASSUM-iNG A STANCE WHERE-iN ONE SEEKS TO HARM OThER PEOPLE. tH-iS -iS ThE EXPLANAT-iON; -iT WOULD HAVE TO BE SA-iD AS WELL ThEN ThAT CRAV-iNG FOR ThE H-iGHER B-iRThS/ OR ThE TYPE OF PR-iDE WHERE ONE CONCENTRATES ON ThE "ME"/ ARE S-iM-iLAR. tHEY CLA-iM AS WELL ThAT MASTERS OF ThE PAST HAVE SA-iD ThAT ThE -iNNATE FORM OF ThE V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE/ ThE ONE ThAT EVEN W-iLD DEER AND B-iRDS POSSESS/ -iS ETh-iCALLY NEUTRAL; AND ThAT ThE LEARNED FORM OF ThE V-iEW -iS A NON-V-iRTUE. [td4090/ F. 236a] cH-iM jAMPEY yANG/ -iN H-iS D-iSCUSS-iON OF ThE ThREE ROOTS OF NON-V-iRTUE (DES-iRE/ ANGER/ AND DARK -iGNORANCE)/ SUPPORTS ThE ABOVE POS-iT-iON WHEN HE EXCLUDES FROM Th-iS GROUP ANY -iGNORANCE WH-iCH -iS L-iNKED -iN ThE M-iND W-iTh ThE V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE [s6954/ F. 281b]. hE ThEN CLAR-iF-iES FURThER ThE -iDEAS JUST EXPRESSEDH tHE -iNNATE FORM OF ThE V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE -iS/ ThEY SAY/ SOMETh-iNG WH-iCH -iS -iN ThE DES-iRE REALM ETh-iCALLY NEUTRAL/ FOR -iT OCCURS "ALL ThE T-iME/" MEAN-iNG OVER AND OVER/ AND BECAUSE (ThEY SAY) -iT -iNVOLVES NO GREAT HARM TO ONESELF OR OThERS. tHEY MOREOVER C-iTE ThE STATEMENT ThAT "ThE LEARNED TYPE OF Th-iS BEL-iEF ThOUGH -iS A NON-V-iRTUE." iF Th-iS WERE TRUE/ ThOUGH/ ThEN ThE -iNNATE FORMS OF DES-iRE AND PR-iDE -iN ThE DES-iRE REALM WOULD BE ETh-iCALLY NEUTRAL/ WH-iLE ThE-iR LEARNED FORMS WOULD BE NON-V-iRTUES. yOU WOULD ALSO HAVE TO SAY ThEN ThAT NON-V-iRTUE EX-iSTED -iN ThE [TWO] H-iGHER REALMS/ FOR ThE LEARNED FORMS OF ThE PER-iShABLE V-iEW AND SO FORTh DO EX-iST ThERE. aND -iF YOU CLA-iMED ThAT ThEY D-iD NOT/ YOU WOULD BE FORCED TO ANSWER ThE OBJECT-iON ThAT UNDES-iRABLE QUAL-iT-iES EL-iM-iNATED BY ThE SP-iR-iTUAL LEVEL CALLED "SEE-iNG" WOULD ThEN NOT EX-iST -iN ThESE REALMS E-iThER. [s6954/ F. 281b] 7. hOW ThE PER-iShABLE V-iEW CAUSES ALL SUFFER-iNG oUR COMPUTER PATh ThROUGH ThE CONCEPT OF ThE PER-iShABLE V-iEW -iN aS-iAN L-iTERATURE NOW REACHES AN -iMPORTANT LANDMARK. sUPPOS-iNG ThAT WE HAVE COVERED ThE CONCEPT -iN JUST ABOUT EVERY WAY -iMAG-iNABLE/ WHAT -iS ThE PO-iNT? wHY HAVE WE COME SO FAR/ AND HOW FAR BEFORE WE REACH SOME GOAL? tO ANSWER WE W-iLL EXPLORE A B-iT FURThER TO SEE HOW ThE PER-iShABLE V-iEW CAUSES ALL PHYS-iCAL AND MENTAL PA-iN; ThEN WE W-iLL REACH ThE F-iNAL SECT-iON/ OUR DEST-iNAT-iON/ WHERE STOPP-iNG -iT -iS DESCR-iBED. pERHAPS ThE MOST FAMOUS REFERENCE OF ALL TO ThE PER-iShABLE V-iEW COMES FROM eNTER-iNG ThE m-iDDLE wAY (DbU-MA LA 'JUG-PA/ mADHYAMAKã¾VATã¾RA) COMPOSED BY ThE bUDDH-iST MASTER cHANDRAK-iRT-i (zLA-BA GRAGS-PA/ cANDRAKã¾RT-i/ C. 650 ad) -iN EXPLANAT-iON OF ThE rOOT tEXT ON w-iSDOM (RtZA-BA ShES-RAB/ mã¾LAPRAJâ¤ã¾) A WORK FROM ThE GREAT nAGARJUNA (kLU-SGRUB/ nã¾Gã¾RJUNA/ C. 200 ad)/ FOUNDER OF ThE mADHYAM-iKA SCHOOL OF bUDDH-iST PH-iLOSOPHY. tHE S-iNGLE VERSE READS AS FOLLOWSH hE SEES -iN H-iS REAL-iZAT-iON ThEN ThAT EACH AND EVERY WRONG oF ThE MENTAL AFFL-iCT-iONS COMES FROM ThE V-iEW OF PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE. oNCE HE'S REAL-iZED ThAT ThE OBJECT FOR Th-iS V-iEW -iS ThE SELF/ tHE W-iSE PRACT-iT-iONER COMES TO DENY ThE EX-iSTENCE OF A "SELF." [td3861/ F. 2210a] cH-iM jAMPEY yANG MAKES ThE PO-iNT -iN A FEW ELEGANT WORDSH tEACH-iNG ThE D-iSC-iPLE ABOUT ThE HEAPS OR PARTS OF A PERSON STOPS H-iS V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE/ S-iNCE ThE PREREQU-iS-iTE FOR Th-iS V-iEW -iS TO HOLD ONESELF TO BE SOME WHOLE Th-iNG. aND STOPP-iNG Th-iS V-iEW STOPS ThE AFFL-iCT-iONS OF ThE M-iND/ S-iNCE ThE PREREQU-iS-iTE FOR ThESE AFFL-iCT-iONS -iS ThE V-iEW -iTSELF. [s6954/ F. 33a] jUST HOW SER-iOUS ThE V-iEW -iS/ HOW OPPOSED -iT -iS TO ULT-iMATE KNOWLEDGE/ -iS ELOQUENTLY EXPRESSED -iN A L-iST OF APPARENT ABSURD-iT-iES FROM ThE sUTRA OF w-iMALAK-iRT-i/ A TEACH-iNG OF ThE bUDDHA H-iMSELFH tHEN ThE l-iCHAV-i w-iMALAK-iRT-i SPOKE TO ThE YOUNG mANJUShR-i AS FOLLOWSH "yOU ASK/ mANJUShR-i/ WHAT ThE SEED-KERNEL OF ThE oNES tHUS gONE [ThE bUDDHAS] MAY BE. i TELL YOU/ OH NOBLE SON/ ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE -iS ThE SEED-KERNEL OF ThE oNES tHUS gONE. iGNORANCE/ AND ThE CRAV-iNG FOR SUFFER-iNG L-iFE/ ARE ThE-iR SEED. dES-iRE/ AND ANGER/ AND NESC-iENCE ARE ThE-iR SEED. tHE FOUR BACKWARDS ThOUGHTS ARE ThE-iR SEED. tHE F-iVE OBSCURAT-iONS ARE ThE-iR SEED. tHE S-iX STA-iNED GATEWAYS ARE ThE-iR SEED. tHE SEVEN -iMPURE STATES OF CONSC-iOUSNESS ARE ThE-iR SEED. tHE E-iGHT WRONGS ARE ThE-iR SEED. tHE N-iNE ThOUGHTS OF AN EV-iL M-iND ARE ThE-iR SEED. tHE TEN PAThS OF NON-V-iRTUOUS KARMA ARE ThE-iR SEED. tHESE/ OH NOBLE SON/ ARE ThE SEED-KERNELS OF ThE oNES tHUS gONE; -iN ShORT/ ALL 62 OF ThE V-iEWS ARE ThE SEED-KERNELS OF ThE oNES tHUS gONE. yOU ASK/ mANJUShR-i/ WHY i CALL ThEM SO. i TELL YOU/ OH NOBLE SON/ ThAT ThOSE WHO L-iVE -iN CERTA-iNTY/ WHO HAVE SEEN ThE uNCHANG-iNG/ ARE -iNCAPABLE OF GENERAT-iNG ThE ThOUGHT ThAT ThEY WANT TO ATTA-iN MATCHLESS/ PURE/ AND TOTAL ENL-iGHTENMENT. tHOSE WHO L-iVE -iN ThE CHANG-iNG/ WH-iCH -iS ThE SOURCE OF ALL AFFL-iCT-iONS OF ThE M-iND; ThOSE WHO HAVE NEVER SEEN ThE tRUTh/ ThEY ARE CAPABLE OF GENERAT-iNG ThE ThOUGHT ThAT ThEY WANT TO ATTA-iN MATCHLESS/ PURE/ AND TOTAL ENL-iGHTENMENT. oH NOBLE SON/ Th-iS -iS ThE WAY -iT -iSH ThE BLUE LOTUS/ ThE CR-iMSON LOTUS/ ThE N-iGHT LOTUS/ ThE -iVORY LOTUS/ ThE HE-iGHT OF FRAGRANCE--NONE OF ThESE BLOSSOMS CAN GROW ON BAKED DRY LAND. bUT -iF YOU PLANT ThEM -iN ThE M-iRE/ -iN A MARSh/ ThEN ThE BLUE LOTUS/ AND ThE CR-iMSON LOTUS/ ThE N-iGHT AND ThE -iVORY LOTUS/ AND ThE BLOSSOM KNOWN AS ThE "HE-iGHT OF FRAGRANCE" W-iLL GROW. tHUS -iT -iS/ OH NOBLE SON/ W-iTh ThOSE BE-iNGS WHO HAVE ACH-iEVED ThE CERTA-iNTY OF ThE uNCHANG-iNGH ThE QUAL-iT-iES OF ThE bUDDHAS CAN NEVER GROW -iN ThEM. iT -iS W-iTh-iN ThOSE BE-iNGS WHO ARE ThE SWAMP OF MENTAL AFFL-iCT-iON/ -iT -iS -iNS-iDE ThOSE WHO ARE ThE M-iRE/ ThAT ThE QUAL-iT-iES OF ThE bUDDHAS CAN GROW. tH-iS -iS ThE WAY -iT -iSH A SEED CANNOT GROW -iN EMPTY SPACE; -iT MUST BE PLACED -iN ThE EARTh/ AND ThEN -iT W-iLL GROW. jUST SO/ ThE QUAL-iT-iES OF ThE bUDDHAS CAN NEVER GROW -iN ThOSE BE-iNGS WHO HAVE ATTA-iNED ThE CERTA-iNTY OF ThE uNCHANG-iNG. oN ThE CONTRARY/ A PERSON MUST F-iRST GENERATE A V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE/ ONE EQUAL -iN S-iZE TO ThE GREAT MOUNTA-iN AT ThE CENTER OF ThE WORLD. oNLY ThEN CAN HE GENERATE ThE ThOUGHT TO ATTA-iN bUDDHAHOOD/ AND ONLY ThEN CAN ThE QUAL-iT-iES OF ThE bUDDHAS GROW W-iTh-iN H-iM. [k0176/ FF. 335a-336a] tHE FAMOUS lOTUS sUTRA CONCURS/ BY PLAC-iNG OUR V-iEW -iN A VERY UNSAVORY GROUP OF FELLOWSH tHOSE WHO ABANDON Th-iS MY bUDDHA'S WAY/ w-iLL NEVER LAY EYES ON ThE K-iNG OF LORDS OF MEN/ tEACHER OF ThE WORLD/ PROTECTOR OF ThE WORLD. tHEY W-iLL LOSE ThOSE PREC-iOUS OPPORTUN-iT-iES/ tHESE CH-iLDREN TOO W-iLL NEVER HEAR ThE TEACH-iNGS/ w-iLL TURN TO DUMB/ W-iLL TURN TO DEAF. tHOSE WHO ABANDON Th-iS ENL-iGHTENMENT w-iLL NEVER REACH ONTO ThE STATE OF PEACE; aND FOR EONS -iN NUMBER EQUAL TO ThE GRA-iNS oF SAND -iN ThE gANGES/ M-iLL-iONS B-iLL-iONS TR-iLL-iONS/ tHE-iR BOD-iES W-iLL BE WEAK/ ThE-iR L-iMBS -iNCOMPLETE. tHE EV-iL OF ThOSE WHO ABANDON Th-iS ThE WORD w-iLL BR-iNG ThEM HELL TO BE ThE-iR PLEASURE PARK/ aND ThE B-iRThS OF M-iSERY TO BE ThE-iR DWELL-iNG HOME. aLWAYS W-iLL ThEY L-iVE AMONG ThE P-iGS/ aMONG ThE ASSES/ FOXES/ W-iTh ThE SNAKE; aND EVEN ShOULD ThEY F-iND A HUMAN FORM/ tHEN BL-iND ThEY'LL BE/ DEAF/ AND ALSO DUMB/ aLWAYS POOR/ RUNN-iNG AT OThERS' WH-iM. tHOSE W-iLL BE ThE JEWELRY ThEY WEAR/ aND FOR ThE-iR GARMENTS ThEY'LL DRESS UP -iN D-iSEASEH a TR-iLL-iON M-iLL-iON SORES W-iLL COVER ThE-iR BOD-iES/ sCABS AS WELL/ AND BO-iLS/ POXES TOO; tHE SK-iN W-iLL PEEL AND ST-iNK W-iTh LEPROS-iES. tHE-iR V-iEW OF PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE W-iLL Th-iCKEN STRONG/ tHE-iR ANGER'S M-iGHT W-iLL R-iSE UP MASS-iVE GREAT/ tHE DES-iRE -iN ThE-iR HEARTS W-iLL SPREAD ThROUGHOUT. [kd0113/ F. 59b] cH-iM jAMPEY yANG REPEATS ThE REFRA-iN/ QUOT-iNG ThE cOMMENTARY ON wAL-iD pERCEPT-iON (tSAD- MA RNAM-'GREL/ pRAMã¾ã¾AVã¾RTT-iKA)/ WR-iTTEN BY ThE GREAT 7Th-cENTURY bUDDH-iST LOG-iC-iAN/ dHARMAK-iRT-i (cHOS-KY-i GRAGS-PA/ dHARMAKã¾RT-i)H tHE MASTER dHARMAK-iRT-i HAS STATEDH eVERY TYPE OF FAULT COMES FROM tHE V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE. tH-iS -iS -iGNORANCE. . . [td4210/ F. 103a] tH-iS VERSE MAKES -iT QU-iTE CLEAR ThAT HE ALSO ACCEPTS ThE FACT ThAT ThE PER-iShABLE V-iEW -iS -iGNORANCE [-iN ThE SENSE OF ThE F-iRST L-iNK -iN ThE CHA-iN OF SUFFER-iNG]. [s6954/ F. 147a] aND WHAT ARE SOME OF ThE FAULTS ThAT COME FROM OUR V-iEW? tHE L-iST -iS LONG; cH-iM jAMPEY yANG NOTES AGA-iN ThAT "EVERY D-iFFERENT TYPE OF PR-iDE DEPENDS ON ThE V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE [s6954/ F. 274b]." fURThER ON HE DETA-iLS ThE -iNTERACT-iON BETWEEN ThE V-iEW/ PR-iDE/ AND -iGNORANCEH . . .tHEY BLOCK ONE FROM SEE-iNG SUCHNESSH WHEN ONE -iS GO-iNG TO REAL-iZE -iT/ ThE PR-iDE ThAT CONCENTRATES ON SOME "ME" AR-iSES/ AND SO ThE BOND OF PR-iDE BL-iNDS ONE/ MAK-iNG H-iM -iNCAPABLE OF RECOGN-iZ-iNG ThE V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE. aND BECAUSE ONE FA-iLS TO UNDERSTAND ThAT ThE HEAPS [OR PARTS OF H-iMSELF] ThAT HE HAS TAKEN ON ARE -iMPERMANENT/ AND FRAGMENTED/ AND OUT OF H-iS CONTROL/ ThEN ThE BOND OF -iGNORANCE BL-iNDS ONE/ MAK-iNG H-iM -iNCAPABLE OF RECOGN-iZ-iNG ThE ROOT OF ThE V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE. aND BECAUSE ThE F-iRST TWO V-iEWS [WH-iCH -iNCLUDES ThE PER-iShABLE V-iEW] CAUSE H-iM TO FEAR -iT/ AND WRONG V-iEW CAUSES H-iM TO D-iSCOUNT -iT/ ThEN ThE BOND OF V-iEWS BL-iNDS ONE/ MAK-iNG H-iM -iNCAPABLE OF RECOGN-iZ-iNG ThE TRUTh OF ThE END OF SUFFER-iNG. [s6954/ F. 293a] tHE ULT-iMATE PROBLEM SPR-iNG-iNG FROM OUR V-iEW -iS Th-iS ENT-iRE L-iFE OF SUFFER-iNG; ThE GREAT sERMEY kEDRUP tENPA dARGYE -iND-iCTS -iT -iN ThE VERY DEF-iN-iT-iON OF -iGNORANCE/ ThE -iGNORANCE ThAT TR-iGGERS ThE TWELVE STAGES OF PA-iN -iN ThE WORLDH tHE DEF-iN-iT-iON OF ThE -iGNORANCE ThAT ACTS AS ThE F-iRST OF ThE TWELVE L-iNKS OF DEPENDENT OR-iG-iNAT-iON -iS AS FOLLOWSH "iT -iS ThAT PER-iShABLE V-iEW WH-iCH SERVES TO MOT-iVATE ONE TO COMM-iT ANEW ThE CAUSAL DEEDS WH-iCH CONST-iTUTE ThE SECOND L-iNK OF DEPENDENT OR-iG-iNAT-iON/ AND WH-iCH ARE BROUGHT UPON BY -iT." [s0014/ F. 4a] 8. hOW ThE PER-iShABLE V-iEW -iS STOPPED a HYPERTEXT PATh ThROUGH A DATABASE/ A PRE-ARRANGED JOURNEY ThROUGH ELECTRON-iC MATCH-UPS BY A SEARCH PROGRAM/ CAN BE V-iEWED L-iKE ThE TREE OF AN OUTL-iNE ON PAPER/ OR ThE BRANCH-iNG OF NERVES ThROUGH ThE BODY. tHE -iMAGE -iS ONE OF TOP TO BOTTOMH HEAD-iNGS BREAK-iNG DOWN -iNTO SUBSETS/ MESSAGES SPL-iTT-iNG DOWN TO ThE FEET FROM ThE BRA-iN. nOW TURN ThE -iMAGE TOWARDS YOU ON -iTS S-iDE; ThAT -iS/ LOOK DOWN AT ThE BODY FROM ThE HEAD/ FROM A B-iRD'S EYE V-iEW. tH-iS LENDS ThE D-iMENS-iON OF DEPThH WE HAVE GONE DEEP DOWN ALONG ThE NERVES/ AND NOW WE HAVE REACHED ThE -iNNER END. wE HAVE SCOURED ThE LENGTh OF aS-iAN L-iTERATURE/ -iN Th-iS CASE bUDDH-iST TEXTS/ AND EXAM-iNED WHAT A PART-iCULAR PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL CONCEPT -iS/ FROM EVERY ANGLE. iN ThE TRAD-iT-iON OF bUDDH-iST L-iTERATURE/ ONE STEP ST-iLL REMA-iNS. l-iFE -iS PREC-iOUS ShORT/ AND NO PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL CONCEPT MER-iTS ThE T-iME -iT TAKES US TO EXAM-iNE -iT UNLESS -iT HOLDS SOME POTENT-iAL TO AFFECT US -iN A PROFOUNDLY BENEF-iC-iAL WAY. sUPPOS-iNG ThAT SEE-iNG OURSELVES AS SOME -iNDEPENDENT "ME" OR "M-iNE" DOES -iN TRUTh CAUSE US EVERY PA-iN WE'VE EVER FELT/ WE HAVE A VESTED -iNTEREST -iN LEARN-iNG TO STOP -iT. hERE F-iRST WE F-iND A ShORT SELECT-iON/ FROM cH-iM jAMPEY yANG/ ON ThE BENEF-iTS OF EL-iM-iNAT-iNG ThE V-iEW FROM OUR M-iNDSH eL-iM-iNAT-iNG ThE V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE -iS ThE ONE DOORWAY TO EL-iM-iNAT-iNG EVERY OThER UNDES-iRABLE Th-iNG/ FOR -iT -iS EL-iM-iNATED BY SEE-iNG [ThE NATURE OF] ThE TRUTh OF SUFFER-iNG. [s6954/ F. 295a] "sEE-iNG" HERE REFERS TO A DEEP STATE OF CONCENTRAT-iON -iN WH-iCH ONE PERCE-iVES D-iRECTLY ThE GENERAL FACT ThAT NOTh-iNG CAN EX-iST -iNaHERENTLY/ -iNDEPENDENT OF NAMES AND CONCEPTS WE OURSELVES FORMULATE. aLONG W-iTh Th-iS REAL-iZAT-iON COMES A TRUE RECOGN-iT-iON ThAT EVERY NORMAL EXPER-iENCE WE UNDERGO -iS NOTh-iNG MORE ThAN PURE SUFFER-iNG. aT Th-iS MOMENT WE HAVE OVERCOME MUCH OF ThE PER-iShABLE V-iEW/ AND BY RECOGN-iZ-iNG ThE TRUTh ABOUT ThE SUFFER-iNG OF OUR L-iVES WE HAVE -iN A SENSE BEGUN TO ESCAPE -iT; WE ARE ON ThE WAY OUT. tH-iS STAGE -iN bUDDH-iSM -iS KNOWN AS "ENTER-iNG ThE STREAM/" AND A CLASS-iC DESCR-iPT-iON OF -iT APPEARS -iN ThE sUTRA rEQUESTED BY mAHANAMA/ AS QUOTED BY cH-iM jAMPEY yANGH "rEVEREND oNE/ WHAT -iS ThE PO-iNT AT WH-iCH ONE HAS ENTERED ThE STREAM?" aND ThE REPLY CAMEH "mAHANAMA/ ONE HAS ENTERED ThE STREAM WHEN HE HAS FULLY G-iVEN UP/ WHEN HE HAS FULLY RECOGN-iZED/ ALL ThREE OF ThE BONDSH ThE V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE/ HOLD-iNG ThAT ONE'S M-iSTAKEN MORAL-iTY AND ASCET-iC-iSMS ARE ThE BEST/ AND DOUBT." [s6954/ F. 294a] aNOThER SUTRA/ w-iMALAK-iRT-i'S/ RELATES A STR-iNG OF ShEER -iMPOSS-iBLES TO EMPHAS-iZE ThAT OUR V-iEW -iS -iN SOME FORM SURELY OVERCOME AT ThE SP-iR-iTUAL LEVEL OF "ENTER-iNG ThE STREAM"H mANJUShR-i/ Th-iS -iS ThE WAY -iT -iSH BODH-iSATTVAS PERCE-iVE ThAT ALL L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS ARE AS REAL AS A ROTTED SEED ThAT PUShES UP A SPROUT; mANJUShR-i/ Th-iS -iS ThE WAY -iT -iSH BODH-iSATTVAS PERCE-iVE ThAT ALL L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS ARE AS REAL AS A COAT MADE FROM ThE FUR OF A FROG; mANJUShR-i/ Th-iS -iS ThE WAY -iT -iSH BODH-iSATTVAS PERCE-iVE ThAT ALL L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS ARE AS REAL AS A MAN ON H-iS DEAThBED WHO WANTS TO COME AND PLAY SOME GAMES; mANJUShR-i/ Th-iS -iS ThE WAY -iT -iSH BODH-iSATTVAS PERCE-iVE ThAT ALL L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS ARE AS REAL AS A PERSON WHO'S ENTERED ThE STREAM AND ST-iLL HAS ThE V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE. [kl0176/ FF. 324b-325a] wE SEE ThE SAME SENT-iMENT SOME E-iGHT CENTUR-iES LATER/ -iN ThE h-iGHER l-iNE (RgYUD BLA-MA/ uTTARATANTRA) AGA-iN RELATED BY ThE REAL-iZED BE-iNG mA-iTREYA TO ThE BROThER OF wASUBANDHU/ ThE GREAT aSANGA (NOTE ThAT ThE "PATh OF ThE REAL-iZED" BEG-iNS AT ThE SAME PO-iNT AS "ENTER-iNG ThE STREAM")H aND WHEN YOU JO-iN ThE PATh OF ThE REAL-iZED/ yOU SMASh ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLY'S HEART . . . [td4024/ F. 61a] tHERE MAY BE AN END TO PER-iShABLE V-iEW/ BUT ThE bUDDHA WARNS US AGA-iN OF OUR TENDENCY TO SEE SOME -iNaHERENT "SELF"; -iN A SENSE/ WE MUST BEWARE OF A K-iND OF PER-iShABLE V-iEW OVER ThE V-iEW -iTSELF/ AND EVEN -iTS END. iN w-iMALAK-iRT-i'S sUTRA WE ThEREFORE HEAR ThE CRYPT-iC WORDSH . . .aND ThE BODH-iSATTVA SA-iD/ "wHAT WE CALL ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE/ AND WHAT WE CALL ThE END OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE/ ARE TWO D-iFFERENT Th-iNGS. tHE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE -iS -iTSELF -iTS END. wHY? bECAUSE ThE V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE FA-iL-iNG TO AR-iSE DOES NOT EX-iST. tHE V-iEW CANNOT Th-iNK OF ThE Th-iNG -iT SEES ThAT "tH-iS -iS ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE/" OR "tH-iS -iS ThE END OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE." iT CANNOT Th-iNK SO. iT COULD NEVER Th-iNK SO. iT ABSOLUTELY COULD NEVER Th-iNK SO. aND ThUS -iTS NATURE -iS ThAT OF -iTS END. iT -iS -iND-iV-iS-iBLEH -iT -iS -iTS NEVER OCCURR-iNG/ -iT -iS -iTS NEVER END-iNG." [kl0176/ F. 342b] tHE RELAT-iONSh-iP BETWEEN EL-iM-iNAT-iNG ThE PER-iShABLE V-iEW/ OR ENTER-iNG ThE STREAM/ AND OVERCOM-iNG MENTAL AFFL-iCT-iONS SUCH AS DES-iRE -iS BROUGHT OUT -iN YET ANOThER SUTRA/ ThE jOURNEY TO lANGKAH tHOSE WHO HAVE ENTERED ThE STREAM NO LONGER GO TO ThE ONE S-iDE AND SEE Th-iNGS AS EX-iST-iNG; NOR DO ThEY GO ThE OThER S-iDE AND SEE Th-iNGS AS NOT EX-iST-iNG--ThUS ThEY HAVE EL-iM-iNATED ThE V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE. aND BECAUSE ThEY HAVE EL-iM-iNATED ThE V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE/ DES-iRE CANNOT AR-iSE -iN ThEM. [k0107/ F. 163a] sT-iLL ONE MORE SUTRA/ -iTSELF NAMED ThE iNTENT OF ThE sUTRAS (mDO-SDE DGONGS-'GREL/ sAã¾DH-iN-iRMOCANA)/ GOES FURThER AND RELATES ThE END OF ALL MENTAL AFFL-iCT-iONS/ OR N-iRVANA/ TO ThE END OF ThE V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE/ -iN ThE S-iMPLE PHRASE "n-iRVANA--ThE END OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE" [kd0106/ F. 9b]. iN A MASS-iVE WORK FROM ThE kANGYUR CALLED ThE bAS-iS OF wOWED mORAL-iTY ('dUL-BA GZH-i/ w-iNAYAVASTU)/ ThE bUDDHA H-iMSELF DESCR-iBES HOW PLEASANT -iT WOULD BE TO STOP ThE V-iEW. hE HAS GONE OUT -iN ThE MORN-iNG/ AS -iS ThE CUSTOM FOR A bUDDH-iST MONK/ TO BEG H-iS MEAL FROM ThE PEOPLE. a DEMON HAS USED H-iS POWER TO PREVENT ANYONE FROM PLAC-iNG ANYTh-iNG -iN H-iS BOWL/ AND SO ThE bUDDHA HAS TURNED BACK HOMEH tHEN ThE EV-iL DEMON TURNED H-iMSELF -iNTO ThE FORM OF A YOUNG bRAHM-iN BOY; HE FOLLOWED ALONG AFTER ThE bUDDHA/ AND CALLED TO H-iM/ SAY-iNG/ "oH HOLY ONE/ OH HOLY ONE/ HAVEN'T YOU BEEN ABLE TO F-iND EVEN A S-iNGLE B-iTE TO EAT?" aND ThE w-iCTOR-iOUS bUDDHA ThOUGHT TO H-iMSELF/ "sO! i SEE ThAT Th-iS PERSON APPROACH-iNG ME -iS ACTUALLY ThE DEMON H-iMSELF." hE REAL-iZED ThAT ThE DEMON WAS HOP-iNG TO UPSET H-iM/ AND SO UTTERED ThE FOLLOW-iNG L-iNESH yOU'VE ShOWN YOUR D-iSREGARD FOR ThE oNE gONE tHUS/ aND ThUS BROUGHT MUCH NON-V-iRTUE ON YOURSELF; hOW -iS -iT EV-iL ONE YOU ST-iLL DON'T KNOW hOW HARD -iT -iS TO BR-iNG A bUDDHA DOWN? "wELL GO AGA-iN ThEN/ AND ASK FOR YOUR MONK'S MEAL FROM ThE PEOPLE/ AND i W-iLL SEE TO -iT ThAT YOU SURELY F-iND SOME FOOD/" SA-iD ThE DEMON. aND ThE w-iCTOR-iOUS bUDDHA UTTERED ThE FOLLOW-iNG L-iNESH i OWN NO S-iNGLE Th-iNG AT ALL; hOW EASY -iS MY L-iVEL-iHOOD! l-iKE ThE GODS W-iTh BOD-iES OF L-iGHT/ tHE ONLY FOOD i EAT -iS BL-iSS. i OWN NO S-iNGLE Th-iNG AT ALL; hOW EASY -iS MY L-iVEL-iHOOD! i'VE NO V-iEW OF PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLY/ sO BL-iSS -iS ThE ONLY FOOD i EAT. tHE EV-iL DEMON ThOUGHT TO H-iMSELF/ "tH-iS HOLY ONE/ gAUTAMA/ HAS READ MY M-iND; HE KNOWS EXACTLY WHAT i WAS Th-iNK-iNG!" aND ThEN HE FELT PA-iN -iN H-iS BODY/ AND HURT -iN H-iS M-iND/ AND GREAT REMORSE-- SO AT ThAT VERY MOMENT/ HE MADE H-iMSELF D-iSAPPEAR. [kd0001b/ FF. 57a-b] tH-iS C-iTAT-iON -iS/ BY ThE WAY/ PROBABLY ThE OLDEST REFERENCE -iN ThE DATABASE TO ThE PER-iShABLE V-iEW--ThE -iNC-iDENT DATES 25 CENTUR-iES TO ThE PAST. tHROUGHOUT ThE SAME WORK WE SEE A NUMBER OF T-iMES WHAT HAPPENS WHEN ThE bUDDHA -iS ABLE TO -iMPART ENOUGH OF H-iS KNOWLEDGE TO A BE-iNG/ TO ENABLE ThE PERSON TO DESTROY Th-iS GRASP-iNG TO "ME AND M-iNE" -iN H-iS OWN M-iND. tHE GRAT-iTUDE EXPRESSED BY SUCH A FORTUNATE SOUL -iS PERHAPS A F-iTT-iNG PLACE TO END OUR D-iG-iTAL JOURNEYH aND ThEN ThE w-iCTOR-iOUS bUDDHA TOOK dEVAPUTRA/ Th-iS BE-iNG WHO HAD BEEN -iN ThE HELLS/ AND LOOKED -iNTO H-iMH HE TOTALLY COMPREHENDED ThE ThOUGHTS HE HAD/ AND ThE SEEDS ThAT RESTED W-iTh-iN H-iS M-iND/ AND H-iS D-iSPOS-iT-iON/ AND H-iS VERY -iNNER NATURE. kNOW-iNG Th-iS/ HE TAUGHT ThE dHARMA. hE TAUGHT ThE DHARMA WH-iCH/ ONCE ThE FORMER HELL-BE-iNG dEVAPUTRA HAD HEARD -iT/ WOULD ENABLE H-iM ThERE/ W-iThOUT MOV-iNG FROM ThAT VERY SEAT/ TO TAKE ThE D-iAMOND OF W-iSDOM AND ShATTER ThE TWENTY LOFTY PEAKS OF ThE MOUNTA-iN OF ThE V-iEW OF ThE PER-iShABLE ASSEMBLAGE. hE BROUGHT H-iM TO ThE GOAL OF ENTER-iNG TO ThE STREAM. hE BROUGHT H-iM TO REAL-iZE EACH OF ThE TRUThS ThAT REAL-iZED BE-iNGS PERCE-iVE. aND WHEN dEVAPUTRA HAD SEEN ThE TRUTh/ HE BESPOKE ThE FOLLOW-iNG PRA-iSEH "yOU/ HOLY/ w-iCTOR-iOUS oNE/ HAVE PA-iD ME A K-iNDNESS ThAT MY FAThER NEVER D-iD/ AND ThAT MY MOThER NEVER D-iD/ AND ThAT ThE k-iNG NEVER D-iD/ AND ThAT ThE GODS NEVER D-iD/ AND ThAT MY ANCESTORS NEVER D-iD/ AND ThAT MONKS AND bRAHM-iNS NEVER D-iD/ AND ThAT MY LOVED ONES NEVER D-iD/ AND ThAT MY FR-iENDS NEVER D-iD/ AND ThAT ALL MY RELAT-iONS NEAR OR FAR NEVER D-iDH YOU HAVE DR-iED UP ThE OCEAN OF BLOOD AND TEARDROPS/ YOU HAVE CARR-iED ME OVER ThE MOUNTA-iN OF BONES/ SLAMMED ThE DOOR TO ThE B-iRThS OF M-iSERY/ ThROWN OPEN ThE PORTAL OF ThE H-iGHER B-iRThS AND FREEDOM -iTSELF/ PULLED ME BY ThE ARM FROM ThE WORLD OF HELLBE-iNGS AND AN-iMALS AND TORMENTED SP-iR-iTS/ PUShED ME TO ThE LAND OF GODS AND MEN." aND Th-iS D-iD HE SAY ThREE T-iMES. [kd0001a/ FF. 126a-b] a SUMMARY OF ThE PATh eVEN ThOUGH LESS ThAN ONE PERCENT OF ThE RELEVANT TEXTS WERE AVA-iLABLE ON D-iSK FOR ThE PRECED-iNG STUDY OF A S-iNGLE -iMPORTANT CONCEPT OF aS-iAN PH-iLOSOPHY/ ThE ThOROUGHNESS AND DETA-iL ALREADY ALLOWED W-iLL BE APPREC-iATED BY ANY STUDENT OF ThE SUBJECT. iNC-iDENTALLY/ -iF SPACE HAD ALLOWED/ -iT WOULD HAVE BEEN -iMPORTANT AS WELL TO L-iST ThE WORKS -iN WH-iCH ThE CONCEPT D-iD NOT APPEAR; FOR EXAMPLE/ -iN ThE HUNDREDS OF PAGES OF B-iBL-iOGRAPH-iCAL WORKS ALREADY -iNPUT---iN ThE NAMES OF ThOUSANDS OF sANSKR-iT AND NAT-iVE t-iBETAN PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL WORKS--ThERE WAS NOT A S-iNGLE ONE FOUND W-iTh ThE WORDS "PER-iShABLE V-iEW" -iN -iTS T-iTLE/ SO -iN L-iKEL-iHOOD NO S-iNGLE WORK WAS DEVOTED EXCLUS-iVELY TO Th-iS SUBJECT. tHE POTENT-iAL FOR LEARN-iNG HERE -iS OBV-iOUS/ AND SO -iS ThE EFF-iC-iENCYH ThE ABOVE STUDY TOOK LESS ThAN TWO WEEK'S T-iME TO PREPARE/ YET G-iVES ONE AN EXCELLENT OVERV-iEW OF ThE ENT-iRE SUBJECT. a TEXTUAL ANALYS-iS L-iKE ThE PRECED-iNG/ -iNCLUD-iNG AS -iT DOES OVER 15 MAJOR WORKS W-iTh MORE ThAN 12/000 PAGES TO BE SCANNED/ WOULD -iN ThE PAST HAVE REQU-iRED MONThS OR YEARS OF LABOR-iOUS RESEARCH/ AND WOULD PROBABLY HAVE BEEN LESS COMPLETE. sO WE SAY TO OUR USERS--SCHOLARS/ STUDENTS/ PRACT-iT-iONERS--GO TO -iT/ AND ENJOY YOURSELVES! oN-l-iNE d-iCT-iONAR-iES tHE PERFECT COMPLEMENT TO A LARGE DATABASE AND HYPERTEXT FAC-iL-iTY WOULD BE COMPLETE ON-L-iNE D-iCT-iONAR-iES OF ThE VAR-iOUS LANGUAGES USED. rESEARCHERS EXPLOR-iNG A PART-iCULAR TEXT COULD BLOCK OUT A WORD WH-iCH WAS UNFAM-iL-iAR TO ThEM/ AND ASK ThE COMPUTER FOR -iTS DEF-iN-iT-iON. fOR -iTS OWN -iN-HOUSE WORK/ acip HAS -iNPUT ThE ENT-iRE ThREE-VOLUME/ 3500-PAGE TEXT OF tHE gREAT d-iCT-iONARY [tS-iG-MDZOD CHEN-MO]/ WH-iCH WAS WR-iTTEN BY A TEAM OF NAT-iVE t-iBETAN SCHOLARS AND PUBL-iShED RECENTLY -iN cH-iNESE-OCCUP-iED t-iBET. bECAUSE OF POTENT-iAL COPYR-iGHT PROBLEMS/ acip W-iLL NOT D-iSTR-iBUTE Th-iS DATA TO ThE PUBL-iC. dUE HOWEVER TO ThE NATURE OF ELECTRON-iC MED-iA/ WH-iCH CAN SO READ-iLY BE COP-iED AND SPREAD/ D-iSKS CONTA-iN-iNG E-iThER ThE acip OR ANOThER VERS-iON OF ThE D-iCT-iONARY HAVE REPORTEDLY BECOME AVA-iLABLE FROM VAR-iOUS PART-iES OVERSEAS. acip STAFF ARE TRY-iNG TO KEEP UP ON ThESE DEVELOPMENTS AND W-iLL REPORT ON ThEM AS MORE -iNFORMAT-iON -iS FOUND OUT. a NUMBER OF ADD-iT-iONAL -iMPORTANT D-iCT-iONARY PROJECTS ARE UNDER WAY; acip STAFF HAVE BEEN ALLOWED FOR EXAMPLE TO REV-iEW A NEARLY-COMPLETED ELECTRON-iC D-iCT-iONARY PRODUCED AT ThE uN-iVERS-iTY OF w-iRG-iN-iA/ usa/ BY dR. jEFFREY hOPK-iNS AND ASSOC-iATES. tHE D-iCT-iONARY WAS WR-iTTEN FOR A mAC-iNTOSh BUT W-iTh MOD-iF-iCAT-iON CAN BE V-iEWED ON AN ibm MACH-iNE; -iT -iNCLUDES t-iBETAN/ eNGL-iSh/ AND sANSKR-iT EQU-iVALENTS/ W-iTh SOURCES REFERENCED. tHE WORK -iS QU-iTE EXTENS-iVE AND OF EXCELLENT QUAL-iTY; HOPEFULLY -iT W-iLL BE PUBL-iShED BEFORE LONG. iN ThE MEANT-iME/ dR. hOPK-iNS AND H-iS COLLEAGUES HAVE BEEN GRAC-iOUS -iN ALLOW-iNG RESEARCHERS ACCESS TO ThE DATA AND HARD-COPY PR-iNT-OUT; ThEY CAN BE CONTACTED AT ThE dEPARTMENT OF rEL-iG-iOUS sTUD-iES/ cOCKE hALL/ cHARLOTTESV-iLLE/ w-iRG-iN-iA/ usa 22903. acip HAS REV-iEWED ANOThER ON-L-iNE D-iCT-iONARY COMP-iLED FOR ibm MACH-iNES BY dR. jAMES wALBY OF nEW yORK/ usa. wHEREAS ThE w-iRG-iN-iA D-iCT-iONARY -iS MARKED BY -iTS ThOROUGHNESS/ ThE wALBY D-iCT-iONARY -iS D-iST-iNGU-iShED BY -iTS ATTRACT-iVE S-iMPL-iC-iTY AND -iNCRED-iBLE SPEED. tHE SPEED OF ThE D-iCT-iONARY COMES FROM SPEC-iAL LOOK-UP ROUT-iNES WR-iTTEN BY dR. wALBY/ WHO -iS A PROFESS-iONAL PROGRAMMER AS WELL AS A TRANSLATOR. tHE D-iCT-iONARY CONTA-iNS ONLY VERY BR-iEF DEF-iN-iT-iONS/ OFTEN OF ONLY ONE OR A GROUP OF S-iNGLE EQU-iVALENT WORDS/ ALMOST L-iKE A ThESAURUS. tH-iS CAN BE VERY USEFUL -iN SOME CONTEXTS/ AND A SER-iOUS DRAWBACK -iN OThERS. pREL-iM-iNARY TESTS BY acip SEEM TO ShOW ThAT SOME COMMON WORDS ARE NOT -iNCLUDED/ ALThOUGH ThE AUThOR REPORTS ThAT -iN RECENT MONThS HE HAS MORE ThAN DOUBLED ThE S-iZE OF ThE WORK. iT ShOULD BE NOTED ThAT ThE wALBY D-iCT-iONARY WAS OR-iG-iNALLY PREPARED AS PART OF ThE AUThOR'S UN-iVERS-iTY DEGREE WORK AND WAS NOT -iNTENDED FOR PUBL-iC D-iSSEM-iNAT-iON. iT -iS HOWEVER A USEFUL TOOL/ ESPEC-iALLY FOR BEG-iNN-iNG AND -iNTERMED-iATE TRANSLATORS/ AND WE ARE HAPPY TO REPORT ThAT dR. wALBY -iS MAK-iNG -iT AVA-iLABLE UPON REQUEST. tHE PRESENT CHARGE FOR ThE WORK -iS $75/ AND -iT CAN BE ORDERED FROM ThE FOLLOW-iNG ADDRESSH dR. jAMES wALBY 9 gEORGETOWN lANE fA-iRPORT/ nEW yORK usa 14450 TELEPHONEH (716) 223-6212 acip HAS RECE-iVED A NUMBER OF REPORTS ABOUT COMPUTER D-iCT-iONAR-iES BE-iNG COMP-iLED -iN iND-iA/ nEPAL/ gERMANY/ AND ThE us; WE WOULD BE HAPPY TO RECE-iVE MORE -iNFORMAT-iON ABOUT ThESE AND OThER EFFORTS/ TO PASS ON TO OUR READERS -iN FUTURE RELEASE BROCHURES. cATALOGS OF cONTENTS OF ThE cOLLECTED wORKS OF mAJOR t-iBETAN wR-iTERS tHE L-iST-iNGS OF MAJOR PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL WORKS -iN ThE t-iBETAN LANGUAGE/ WHEThER TRANSLAT-iONS FROM sANSKR-iT OR NAT-iVE T-iTLES/ HAVE ESSENT-iALLY BEEN TOTALLY COMPLETED W-iTh ThE UPDATE FROM ThE l-iBRARY OF cONGRESS -iNCLUDED -iN rELEASE 2. hOWEVER/ AS PO-iNTED OUT EARL-iER/ -iT -iS COMMON PRACT-iCE TO C-iTE ThE ENT-iRE SCHOLARLY PRODUCT-iON OF AN AUThOR UNDER ThE S-iNGLE ENTRY OF "cOLLECTED wORKS." aN EXTREME EXAMPLE WOULD BE ThAT OF ThE -iNCOMPARABLE t-iBETAN SAVANT jE tSONGKAPA/ WHOSE 10/000 PAGES OF TEXTUAL COMMENTARY CONST-iTUTE BUT ONE REFERENCE. iT ShOULD AGA-iN BE NOTED ThAT TO DATE Th-iS OM-iSS-iON HAS BEEN ONE OF NECESS-iTY/ AND NOT OF OVERS-iGHT. tHE AMOUNT OF MATER-iAL TO BE CATALOGED -iS S-iMPLY TOO OVERWHELM-iNG FOR ThE SMALL NUMBER OF QUAL-iF-iED PEOPLE; -iMPORTANT t-iBETAN PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL WORKS/ BY ThE T-iME ANYONE -iS ABLE TO COUNT ThEM/ W-iLL BE FOUND TO NUMBER -iN ThE TENS OF ThOUSANDS. fOR -iTS OWN -iN-HOUSE USE/ acip HAS SUCCESSFULLY -iNPUT TWO EXTREMELY VALUABLE CATALOGS TO ThESE COLLECTED WORKS. tHESE HAVE RECENTLY BEEN PUBL-iShED -iN cH-iNESE-OCCUP-iED t-iBET AND/ AGA-iN/ W-iLL NOT BE D-iSTR-iBUTED BY acip DUE TO POTENT-iAL COPYR-iGHT PROBLEMS--ALThOUGH APPARENTLY COP-iES OF ThESE OR OThER VERS-iONS ARE C-iRCULAT-iNG AMONG SCHOLARS. acip W-iLL TRY TO PASS ON MORE -iNFORMAT-iON ABOUT ThESE AS -iT BECOMES AVA-iLABLE. tHE TWO WORKS -iNPUT ARE ThE t-iTLES OF cLASS-iCAL cOMMENTAR-iES -iN ThE t-iBETAN lANGUAGE [bOD-KY-i BSTAN-BCOS KHAG-G-i MTSAN-BYANG] AND ThE tREASURE OF kNOWABLE tH-iNGS [sHES-BYA-I GTER- MDZOD]. tHE FORMER WORK -iS CONTA-iNED -iN ONE VOLUME AND HAS ALL BEEN ENTERED; ThE LATTER CATALOG W-iLL CERTA-iNLY BE ThE MOST COMPREHENS-iVE OF -iTS K-iND EVER PUBL-iShED/ AND -iS PROJECTED TO OCCUPY ThREE VOLUMES. tHE F-iRST HAS BEEN -iNPUT/ AND ThE SECOND ALREADY RECE-iVED FROM t-iBET. tHE STATUS OF ThE Th-iRD VOLUME -iS AT PRESENT UNKNOWN. l-iST-iNG OF t-iBETAN wORKS aVA-iLABLE -iN fREE aS-iA/ AS OF nOVEMBER 1989 jUST BEFORE ThE LAST RELEASE OF DATA/ A NUMBER OF acip STAFF MEMBERS WERE CONTRACTED BY ThE uN-iTED sTATES l-iBRARY OF cONGRESS TO COMP-iLE A CATALOG OF t-iBETAN WORKS CURRENTLY AVA-iLABLE -iN iND-iA AND ThE SURROUND-iNG COUNTR-iES OF s-iKK-iM/ nEPAL/ AND bHUTAN. (t-iBET HERSELF WAS LARGELY EXCLUDED DUE TO ThE FACT ThAT ThE COUNTRY WAS UNDER MART-iAL LAW AT ThE T-iME/ FOLLOW-iNG ThE MACH-iNE-GUN EXECUT-iON OF LARGE GROUPS OF MONKS/ NUNS/ AND t-iBETAN LAYPEOPLE PROTEST-iNG ThE cH-iNESE OCCUPAT-iON -iN AN OPEN SPACE ADJO-iN-iNG ThE jOKANG/ OR NAT-iONAL CAThEDRAL OF t-iBET -iN -iTS CAP-iTAL/ lHASA.) tHE PURPOSE OF ThE EFFORT WAS TO ESTABL-iSh A BODY OF PROSPECT-iVE PURCHASES FOR A RESUMPT-iON OF ThE l-iBRARY'S F-iNE t-iBETAN-LANGUAGE ACQU-iS-iT-iONS PROGRAM. mORE ThAN 125 -iNST-iTUT-iONS -iN ThESE COUNTR-iES--NAT-iONAL L-iBRAR-iES/ PR-iNT-iNG HOUSES/ UN-iVERS-iT-iES/ MONASTER-iES/ AND t-iBETAN GOVERNMENT OFF-iCES--WERE SENT PACKAGES OF -iNFORMAT-iON -iN t-iBETAN AND eNGL-iSh -iNV-iT-iNG ThEM TO REPORT ON ANY PUBL-iCAT-iONS AVA-iLABLE. mEET-iNGS WERE SET FOR REPRESENTAT-iVES OF ThESE ORGAN-iZAT-iONS AT ThE l-iBRARY OF cONGRESS OFF-iCE -iN nEW dELH-i/ TO ALLOW A PROPER REV-iEW AND CATALOG-iNG OF ThE WORKS ThEY COULD OFFER. acip STAFF PERSONALLY CONTR-iBUTED SEVERAL ThOUSAND DOLLARS TO ASSURE ThAT EVERY PARTY WHO W-iShED TO TRAVEL TO dELH-i WOULD BE ABLE TO DO SO. hUNDREDS OF SPEC-iAL-iSTS -iN t-iBETAN L-iTERATURE ThROUGHOUT ThE WORLD WERE ALSO CANVASSED BY MA-iL TO GARNER -iNFORMAT-iON ABOUT AVA-iLABLE TEXTS AND SOURCES. a TEAM OF FOUR DATA-ENTRY OPERATORS AND TEXTUAL SCHOLARS WAS -iNV-iTED UP FROM sERA mEY t-iBETAN mONAST-iC uN-iVERS-iTY -iN SOUTh iND-iA/ TO ASS-iST W-iTh ThE -iNPUT OF -iNFORMAT-iON. iN ThE SPACE OF ONLY TWO WEEKS/ COMPLETE -iNFORMAT-iON ON 1/100 SEPARATE T-iTLES---iNCLUD-iNG AUThOR/ PAGES/ SOURCE/ AND AVA-iLAB-iL-iTY--WAS ENTERED -iNTO A SEARCHABLE DATABASE. s-iNCE ThE MAJOR-iTY OF ThESE WORKS HAVE YET TO BE ACQU-iRED ThOUGH ThE l-iBRARY OF cONGRESS PROGRAM/ Th-iS DATABASE -iS A VALUABLE COMPAN-iON TO ThE L-iST-iNGS FOUND -iN ThE F-iRST AND SECOND acip RELEASES. tHE PRODUCT-iON ACH-iEVED BY ThE YOUNG MEN FROM ThE sERA mEY COMPUTER CENTER/ ON A S-iNGLE BATTERY-POWERED LAPTOP COMPUTER/ -iN SUCH A ShORT PER-iOD/ SPOKE ELOQUENTLY OF ThE CONTR-iBUT-iON ThAT ThE pROJECT HAS MADE TO ThE-iR VOCAT-iONAL SK-iLLS AND SELF-ESTEEM. tHE YOUThS AT ThE CENTER WERE CHOSEN FROM A GROUP OF LESS SUCCESSFUL AND PROBLEM STUDENTS/ AS WELL AS -iLL-iTERATE REFUGEES/ MANY OF WHOM ARE ORPHANS. tHE acip POL-iCY OF US-iNG NORMAL rOMAN KEYBOARDS TO TYPE t-iBETAN ALLOWED ThEM TO -iNPUT ANY t-iBETAN OR eNGL-iSh TEXT REQU-iRED/ AND ThEY SOON WON ThE RESPECT OF ThE H-iGHLY TRA-iNED STAFF AT ThE l-iBRARY OF cONGRESS OFF-iCE. cOP-iES OF ThE DATABASE ThUS CREATED HAVE -iN ThE PAST MONTh BEEN SUPPL-iED TO NUMEROUS L-iBRAR-iES AND OThER -iNST-iTUT-iONS AROUND ThE WORLD WHO MAY HAVE AN -iNTEREST -iN PART-iC-iPAT-iNG -iN ThE RENEWED l-iBRARY OF cONGRESS EFFORT. tHE l-iBRARY HAS GRAC-iOUSLY AGREED TO MAKE D-iSK COP-iES OF ThE DATABASE AVA-iLABLE/ W-iThOUT CHARGE/ TO USERS OF acip DATA WHO WR-iTE -iN TO ThEM W-iTh A REQUEST. oRGAN-iZAT-iONS WH-iCH MAY W-iSh TO S-iGN UP FOR ThE ACQU-iS-iT-iONS PROGRAM AND RECE-iVE COP-iES OF ALL OR PART OF ThE t-iBETAN BOOKS PUBL-iShED BY ThE l-iBRARY -iN ThE COM-iNG YEARS ARE ESPEC-iALLY WELCOME; -iN FACT/ ThE l-iBRARY HAS PURPOSELY TA-iLORED ThE NEW PROGRAM TO ALLOW EVEN SMALL ORGAN-iZAT-iONS TO ORDER ONLY ThE TEXTS ThEY NEED. iT -iS ANT-iC-iPATED ThAT -iNCREAS-iNG NUMBERS OF T-iTLES W-iLL ALSO BECOME AVA-iLABLE FROM t-iBET AS WELL; Th-iS AND ThE FACT ThAT MANY ORGAN-iZAT-iONS FOUND -iT D-iFF-iCULT TO GET -iNTO ThE EARL-iER PROGRAM AFTER ThE START-UP MAKE -iT -iMPORTANT TO CONTACT ThE l-iBRARY EARLY ON. iNQU-iR-iES MAY BE D-iRECTED TOH t-iBETAN lANGUAGE aCQU-iS-iT-iONS pROGRAM oVERSEAS d-iV-iS-iON tHE uN-iTED sTATES l-iBRARY OF cONGRESS wASh-iNGTON/ dc usa 20540 TELEPHONEH (202) 707-5273 d-iSTR-iBUT-iON aGREEMENTS W-iTh ThE oXFORD tEXT aRCH-iVE AND ThE l-iNGU-iST-iC iNFORMAT-iON rESEARCH iNST-iTUTE OF tOKYO acip -iS PLEASED TO ANNOUNCE ThAT -iT HAS REACHED AGREEMENTS W-iTh ThE oXFORD tEXT aRCH-iVE OF oXFORD uN-iVERS-iTY/ eNGLAND/ AND ThE l-iNGU-iST-iC iNFORMAT-iON rESEARCH iNST-iTUTE OF tOKYO/ jAPAN/ ThAT W-iLL ALLOW ThESE ORGAN-iZAT-iONS TO D-iSTR-iBUTE acip DATA. aFTER ThE F-iRST RELEASE OF acip D-iSKS -iN 1990/ CORRESPONDENCE WAS RECE-iVED FROM A NUMBER OF -iNST-iTUT-iONS AROUND ThE WORLD REQUEST-iNG PERM-iSS-iON TO D-iSTR-iBUTE acip DATA TO ThE-iR CONST-iTUENTS. tHESE REQUESTS WERE REV-iEWED BY ThE acip STAFF AND CONS-iDERED CAREFULLY -iN EACH CASE. oNE PR-iMARY CONCERN WAS TO ASSURE ThAT SUCH AGREEMENTS WOULD NOT ENDANGER ThE PROJECT'S STATUS AS A NON-PROF-iT ORGAN-iZAT-iON/ DEF-iNED BY uN-iTED sTATES FEDERAL LAW FOR ThE CHARTER OF acip'S SPONSOR-iNG ORGAN-iZAT-iON/ ThE mAHAYANA sUTRA AND tANTRA cENTER. oN Th-iS BAS-iS/ A NUMBER OF REQUESTS WERE DEFERRED OR REJECTED/ WH-iCH LED acip TO DEVELOP WR-iTTEN GU-iDEL-iNES FOR -iNST-iTUT-iONS W-iSh-iNG TO D-iSTR-iBUTE -iTS DATA OFF-iC-iALLY. cOP-iES OF ThESE GU-iDEL-iNES ARE AVA-iLABLE TO ANY -iNTERESTED PARTY UPON REQUEST TO A DOMEST-iC acip OFF-iCE. tHE D-iSTR-iBUT-iON GU-iDEL-iNES BAS-iCALLY REQU-iRE ThAT acip DATA BE D-iSTR-iBUTED -iN -iTS OR-iG-iNAL FORM/ W-iThOUT MONETARY PROF-iT. pERM-iSS-iON TO D-iSTR-iBUTE -iS REV-iEWED ON AN ANNUAL BAS-iS/ AND -iS CONT-iNGENT ON REGULAR REPORTS TO ThE acip HEAD OFF-iCE DOCUMENT-iNG ThAT ThE GU-iDEL-iNES HAVE BEEN PROPERLY FOLLOWED. iNC-iDENTALLY/ -iND-iV-iDUALS WHO UT-iL-iZE acip DATA ARE WELCOME AND ENCOURAGED TO COPY AND PROV-iDE ALL acip -iNPUT WORK TO FR-iENDS AND COLLEAGUES. aS STATED -iN OUR PROJECT GOALS/ acip A-iMS ONLY AT ThE FREE D-iSSEM-iNAT-iON OF WHAT WE CONS-iDER TO BE ThE GREAT UNTAPPED RESOURCE OF HUMAN-iTAR-iAN KNOWLEDGE -iN ThE CLASS-iCAL L-iTERATURE OF aS-iA. tHE l-iNGU-iST-iC iNFORMAT-iON rESEARCH iNST-iTUTE OF tOKYO WAS ThE F-iRST ORGAN-iZAT-iON TO BE GRANTED D-iSTR-iBUTOR STATUS. tHE iNST-iTUTE -iS STAFFED BY A DED-iCATED YOUNG GROUP OF SCHOLARS WHO HAVE DONE MUCH EXCELLENT WORK -iN PR-iNT-iNG AND ANALYZ-iNG ThE DATA CONTA-iNED -iN ThE -iN-iT-iAL RELEASE. tHE-iR EFFORTS W-iLL DO MUCH TO MAKE ThE aS-iAN CLASS-iCS MORE ACCESS-iBLE TO SCHOLARS -iN ThE fAR eAST/ AND RESEARCHERS MAY CONTACT ThE iNST-iTUTE TO OBTA-iN D-iSKS OF ThE SECOND RELEASE/ AND FOR ANY NEW -iNFORMAT-iON ABOUT ThE pROJECT. aT PRESENT/ ONLY REQUESTS FROM jAPAN -iTSELF W-iLL BE HANDLED/ ALThOUGH liri HOPES TO EXPAND AND BE ABLE TO ACCEPT ORDERS FROM OThER COUNTR-iES -iN ThE-iR GEOGRAPH-iC AREA -iN ThE FUTURE. tHE iNST-iTUTE W-iLL BE REQUEST-iNG A MODEST CHARGE/ ONLY FOR ThE EXPENSE OF HANDL-iNG AND D-iSKS/ BASED ON CURRENT COSTS -iN jAPAN AT ThE T-iME OF ORDER-iNGH acip cONTACT oFF-iCE -iN jAPAN C(O l-iNGU-iST-iCS iNFORMAT-iON rESEARCH iNC 4-9-15 kOYAMA/ sH-iNAGAWA-KU tOKYO/ jAPAN TELEPHONEH 3783-9428 FAXH 3788-6180 CONTACTSH mR. hAKUMYO n-i-iSAKU/ pROJECT d-iRECTOR mR. h-iTSUO nAKATA/ mANAG-iNG d-iRECTOR mR. yO-iCH-iRO tAKEDA/ sYSTEMS eNG-iNEER mR. kELSANG tAHUWA/ oVERSEAS iN-CHARGE tHE oXFORD tEXT aRCH-iVE -iS LOCATED AT oXFORD uN-iVERS-iTY AND -iS A WORLD LEADER -iN ThE F-iELD OF PROV-iD-iNG LARGE BOD-iES OF DATA -iN A W-iDE NUMBER OF SUBJECT CATEGOR-iES TO USERS WORLDW-iDE. tHE aRCH-iVE'S POL-iC-iES OF D-iSTR-iBUT-iON/ AND PR-iC-iNG/ ARE EXTREMELY REASONABLE; AT PRESENT/ ThE CHARGE -iS ABOUT $10 FOR HANDL-iNG PLUS ThE COST OF ThE MED-iA REQUESTED. acip STAFF PLAN TO V-iS-iT ThE aRCH-iVE -iN COM-iNG MONThS AND HOPE TO PROV-iDE A COMPLETE REV-iEW OF SERV-iCES OFFERED ThERE FOR ThE NEXT ED-iT-iON OF Th-iS BROCHURE. tHE aRCH-iVE MAY BE CONTACTED AT ThE FOLLOW-iNG NUMBERSH tHE oXFORD tEXT aRCH-iVE 13 bRANBURY rOAD oXFORD ox2 6nn eNGLAND TELEPHONEH (0865) 273-200 FAXH (0865) 273-275 ELECTRON-iC MA-iLH ARCH-iVE@UK.AC.OXFORD.VAX CONTACTH dR. lOU bURNARD/ d-iRECTOR/ OR dR. aLAN mORR-iSON d-iSTR-iBUT-iON FROM ThE ABOVE -iNST-iTUT-iONS -iS MEANT TO FAC-iL-iTATE OBTA-iN-iNG acip D-iSKS. oFF-iCES OF acip -iN ThE uN-iTED sTATES W-iLL CONT-iNUE TO SUPPLY DATA UPON REQUEST FROM ANY COUNTRY -iN ThE WORLD/ AND AT PRESENT W-iLL REQUEST A $15 DONAT-iON TO HELP COVER ThE COSTS OF D-iSKS/ DUPL-iCAT-iON/ AND Sh-iPP-iNG. oVERSEAS PART-iES ARE REQUESTED TO REM-iT FUNDS ONLY BY -iNTERNAT-iONAL MONEY ORDERS EXPRESSED -iN DOLLARS/ DUE TO ThE EXPENSE OF ENCASh-iNG PERSONAL CHECKS. aS STATED ON ThE ORDER FORM/ acip W-iLL SUPPLY ThE 12 DATA D-iSKS FOR rELEASE 2 FREE OF CHARGE TO ANY -iND-iV-iDUAL OR ORGAN-iZAT-iON -iN ThE WORLD ThAT HONESTLY CANNOT AFFORD TO MAKE ThE $15 DONAT-iON/ AND WHO -iND-iCATES SO ON ThE ORDER FORM/ OR -iN A LETTER TO acip. wE REAL-iZE ThAT--ESPEC-iALLY FOR NAT-iVE t-iBETAN USERS OF ThE DATA/ WHO ARE OFTEN REFUGEES--EVEN Th-iS MODEST AMOUNT MAY REPRESENT A HARDSh-iP/ AND WE WANT ANYONE WHO CAN MAKE GOOD USE OF ThE D-iSKS TO RECE-iVE ThEM. oRDERS MADE TO acip D-iRECTLY ShOULD BE ADDRESSED TO ThE wASh-iNGTON dc AREA OFF-iCE ADDRESS L-iSTED AFTER ThE T-iTLE PAGE OF Th-iS BROCHURE. cONGRATULAT-iONS TO gEShE lOBSANG tHARCH-iN AND sERA mEY t-iBETAN mONAST-iC uN-iVERS-iTY acip -iS ALSO PLEASED TO ANNOUNCE ThAT gEShE lOBSANG tHARCH-iN/ OUR eD-iTOR--iN-cH-iEF/ HAS RECENTLY BEEN APPO-iNTED BY h-iS hOL-iNESS ThE xiwTh dALA-i lAMA TO ThE POS-iT-iON OF ABBOT OR KHEN R-iNPOCHE OF sERA mEY t-iBETAN mONAST-iC uN-iVERS-iTY -iN SOUTh iND-iA. tH-iS APPO-iNTMENT -iS ThE H-iGHEST HONOR ThAT CAN BE PA-iD TO A SCHOLAR OF ThE R-iGOROUS t-iBETAN MONAST-iC SYSTEM/ AND ThE OFF-iCE DATES BACK OVER F-iVE CENTUR-iES. kHEN r-iNPOCHE HAS DEVOTED H-iS ENT-iRE L-iFE TO STUDY-iNG ThE aS-iAN CLASS-iCS AND TO PASS-iNG ThE-iR VALUABLE CONTENTS ON TO AN UNTOLD NUMBER OF STUDENTS/ DUR-iNG AN -iLLUSTR-iOUS CAREER SPANN-iNG MORE ThAN HALF A CENTURY. tH-iS RECOGN-iT-iON FROM ThE RECENT W-iNNER OF ThE nOBEL PR-iZE FOR PEACE SEEMS A F-iTT-iNG TR-iBUTE TO A L-iFET-iME WELL SPENT. uNDER kHEN r-iNPOCHE'S TENURE/ ThE acip COMPUTER CENTER AT sERA mEY HAS EMBARKED ON AN AMB-iT-iOUS PROGRAM TO PUBL-iSh AN ENT-iRE SER-iES OF RARE aS-iAN TEXTS/ TO BE PR-iNTED OUT D-iRECTLY FROM acip DATA. aN ATTRACT-iVE TWO-VOLUME SET/ ENT-iTLED sUPPLEMENTARY tEXTS FOR ThE sTUDY OF ThE pERFECT-iON OF w-iSDOM AT sERA mEY t-iBETAN uN-iVERS-iTY [sER-SMAD ZUR-BKOL]/ HAS ALREADY BEEN PUBL-iShED BASED ON MANY OF ThE TEXTS CONTA-iNED -iN rELEASE 2. tHE ENT-iRE COSTS OF ThE ED-iT-iON WERE SPONSORED BY gEShE lOBSANG gYATSO/ A MONK-SCHOLAR FROM sERA mEY/ WHO DONATED 1/000 OF ThE BOOKS TO ThE uN-iVERS-iTY FOR NEEDY STUDENTS AND TEACHERS. fUTURE pLANS/ AND hOW yOU cAN hELP acip PLANS TO CONT-iNUE ON -iTS PRESENT COURSE OF -iNPUT FOR ThE NEAR FUTURE. wE ARE AWA-iT-iNG WORD ON AN OR-iG-iNAL SET OF ThE kANGYUR AND tENGYUR ORDERED FROM t-iBET/ AND WORK-iNG ON -iMPORTANT WR-iT-iNGS OF NAT-iVE t-iBETAN SCHOLARS -iN ThE MEANT-iME. cURRENTLY BE-iNG -iNPUT ARE A SU-iTE OF t-iBETAN WR-iT-iNGS ON ThE m-iDDLE pATh/ OR mADHYAM-iKA/ -iNCLUD-iNG ThE -iNVALUABLE iLLUM-iNAT-iON OF ThE tRUE tHOUGHT [DgONGS-PA RAB-GSAL] OF jE tSONGKAPA. aN EXTREMELY -iMPORTANT OR-iG-iNAL COMMENTARY BY sERA mEY gEShE yEShE wANGCHUK FOR ThE cOMMENTARY ON wAL-iD pERCEPT-iON [tSAD-MA RNAM-'GREL] OF ThE 7Th-CENTURY LOG-iC-iAN dHARMAK-iRT-i -iS ALSO NOW BE-iNG ENTERED. sEVERAL MORE REFERENCE WORKS/ -iNCLUD-iNG A NUMBER OF MAJOR CATALOGS/ W-iLL FOLLOW ShORTLY. acip RECE-iVES A GREAT MANY GRAT-iFY-iNG LETTERS FROM -iND-iV-iDUALS AND -iNST-iTUT-iONS AROUND ThE WORLD OFFER-iNG TO ASS-iST ThE PROJECT. oUR NEEDS AT PRESENT ARE QU-iTE SPEC-iF-iC; F-iRST OF ALL/ WE ARE FAC-iNG A BOTTLENECK -iN ThE F-iNAL MANUAL ED-iT-iNG/ FOR Th-iS REQU-iRES AN EXCELLENT COMMAND OF ANC-iENT t-iBETAN AND OF aS-iAN PH-iLOSOPHY. wE WOULD BE VERY HAPPY TO ACCEPT ANY OFFER OF HELP -iN Th-iS REGARD. wE HAVE MUCH CORRESPONDENCE/ F-iL-iNG/ AND BAS-iC COMPUTER WORK TO DO AT BOTh ThE wASh-iNGTON AND nEW yORK AREA OFF-iCES/ AND WOULD APPREC-iATE ANY T-iME ThAT COULD BE DONATED BY USERS -iN ThE V-iC-iN-iTY. sECONDLY/ ALThOUGH acip HAS SUFF-iC-iENT FUND-iNG FOR CONT-iNU-iNG -iTS ENTRY AND D-iSTR-iBUT-iON EFFORTS -iNTO ThE FORESEEABLE FUTURE/ WE COULD DO MUCH ADD-iT-iONAL EXC-iT-iNG AND BENEF-iC-iAL WORK -iF WE HAD ThE NECESSARY RESOURCES. wE DO NOT BEL-iEVE ThAT Th-iS SUPPORT COULD OR W-iLL COME FROM CHARG-iNG FOR OUR DATA/ BECAUSE QUAL-iF-iED SCHOLARS WHO UT-iL-iZE ThE DATA ARE MOST OFTEN -iN L-iTTLE POS-iT-iON TO PAY MUCH FOR -iT/ AND ARE PREC-iOUS FEW -iN ThE WORLD. wE WOULD MOST APPREC-iATE HELP -iN APPROACH-iNG LARGE FOUNDAT-iONS OR COMMERC-iAL F-iRMS/ ESPEC-iALLY FOR GRANTS TO REPLACE AND UPGRADE SOME OF ThE OLDER EQU-iPMENT AT ThE OVERSEAS ENTRY CENTER/ AND TO -iNVEST -iN SOME ocr (OPT-iCAL CHARACTER RECOGN-iT-iON) TECHNOLOGY AT sERA mEY/ WH-iCH WOULD GREATLY -iNCREASE -iTS FUTURE PRODUCT-iV-iTY. tH-iRDLY/ acip -iS LOOK-iNG FOR COP-iES OF A NUMBER OF TEXTS TO -iNPUT. aS DESCR-iBED ABOVE WE ARE -iN NEED OF OR-iG-iNAL COP-iES OF ThE kANGYUR AND tENGYUR FOR ENTRY; ThERE ARE SOME NUMBER OF UN-iVERS-iT-iES AND MUSEUMS AROUND ThE WORLD W-iTh OLDER COP-iES/ AND -iT -iS EXTREMELY -iMPORTANT ThAT SEVERAL OF ThESE ED-iT-iONS BE OBTA-iNED AND -iNPUT. wE WOULD BE GRATEFUL FOR ASS-iSTANCE -iN Th-iS REGARD/ AND CAN GUARANTEE ThE SAFE TRANSPORTAT-iON/ HANDL-iNG/ -iNSURANCE/ AND RETURN OF TEXTS TO ThE HOME -iNST-iTUT-iON. wE WOULD L-iKE TO ENTER SOON ThE COLLECTED WORKS OF ThE GREAT t-iBETAN PH-iLOSOPHER cHONE dRAKPA sHEDRUP (cO-NE GRAGS-PA BShAD-GRUB/ 1675-1748)/ AND NEED HELP -iN LOCAT-iNG AN ENT-iRE SET. aS MENT-iONED -iN ThE BROCHURE FOR ThE F-iRST RELEASE/ acip -iS LOOK-iNG FOR COMPETENT PROGRAMMERS WHO CAN HELP DEVELOP OR ADAPT PROGRAMS TO ALLOW USERS TO TAKE FULL ADVANTAGE OF ThE DATABASEH ThESE WOULD -iNCLUDE HYPERTEXT OR SEARCH UT-iL-iT-iES/ W-iNDOW-iNG OR MENU ROUT-iNES/ ThE CAPAC-iTY FOR EMBEDDED COMMENTS OR CHAPTER HEAD-iNGS/ AND SO ON. wE HAVE SOME L-iM-iTED FUNDS AVA-iLABLE FOR Th-iS K-iND OF WORK AND W-iLL CONS-iDER REQUESTS FOR ASS-iSTANCE. pLEASE NOTE ThAT PROPOSALS OF Th-iS K-iND ShOULD BE WELL DEVELOPED BEFORE PRESENTAT-iON TO acip/ W-iTh A DETA-iLED DESCR-iPT-iON OF ThE WORK TO BE PERFORMED/ A SER-iOUS SCHEDULE/ AND COMPLETE BUDGET DETA-iLS. acip -iS VERY GRATEFUL FOR CORRESPONDENCE G-iV-iNG COMMENTS AND SUGGEST-iONS ABOUT ThE PROJECT/ AND PART-iCULARLY NOTES ABOUT ERRORS -iN ThE DATABASE ThAT CAN BE CORRECTED BEFORE ThEY ARE D-iSTR-iBUTED FURThER. tHE OFF-iCE STAFF ThOUGH ARE COMPLETELY VOLUNTEER AND WORK ONLY -iN WHATEVER FREE T-iME ThEY MAY HAVE/ SO WE ASK CORRESPONDENTS TO BE PAT-iENT AND EXCUSE US FOR ANY DELAY ThEY MAY EXPER-iENCE -iN RECE-iV-iNG A REPLY. iNTERNAT-iONAL sCHOLARS' aDDRESS dATABASE oNE HELP ThAT EVERY USER CAN G-iVE -iS TO GRANT acip PERM-iSS-iON TO PUBL-iSh H-iS NAME/ ADDRESS/ AND PHONE NUMBER -iN AN ADDRESS DATABASE SCHEDULED FOR -iNCLUS-iON -iN rELEASE 3. wHAT WE HOPE TO DO -iS L-iST ThE ADDRESS AND OThER DETA-iLS OF EVERYONE WORLDW-iDE WHO HAS RECE-iVED ThE DATA/ AND ThUS -iNSP-iRE -iNTERACT-iON AND COOPERAT-iVE EFFORTS BETWEEN EVERYONE -iNVOLVED. wE FORESEE ThAT Th-iS MEET-iNG OF ThE M-iNDS WOULD RESULT -iN USES FOR AND CREAT-iONS FROM ThE DATABASE ThAT AS -iND-iV-iDUALS WE MAY NOT EVEN -iMAG-iNE. wE ThEREFORE REQUEST EACH USER TO CHECK ThE BOX ON ThE ORDER FORM ALLOW-iNG US TO -iNCLUDE H-iS -iNFORMAT-iON ON ThE NEXT RELEASE. pLEASE BE ASSURED ThAT WE W-iLL NOT PUBL-iC-iZE ThE NAME AND ADDRESS OF ANY USER WHO DOES NOT CHECK Th-iS BOX. cALL FOR uSED cOMPUTER eQU-iPMENT AND pROGRAMS aN EXCELLENT SUGGEST-iON FOR HELP-iNG OUT ThE pROJECT ThAT CAME FROM AN acip USER WAS ThAT WE CALL UPON OUR CONST-iTUENTS TO DONATE ANY USED EQU-iPMENT OR PROGRAMS ThAT ThEY DON'T NEED ANY MORE TO ThE PROJECT. iN ThE us/ USERS WHO MAKE SUCH A DONAT-iON CAN RECE-iVE A TAX EXEMPT-iON FOR ThE FA-iR VALUE OF ThE EQU-iPMENT/ S-iNCE acip -iS PART OF A RECOGN-iZED NON-PROF-iT -iNST-iTUT-iON. pLEASE CALL OR WR-iTE TO ONE OF ThE acip OFF-iCES L-iSTED ON ThE BACK OF ThE T-iTLE PAGE OF Th-iS BROCHURE BEFORE SEND-iNG -iN ANYTh-iNG. (jAPANESE USERS CAN ALSO CONTACT ThE l-iNGU-iST-iC iNFORMAT-iON rESEARCH iNST-iTUTE AT ThE ADDRESS L-iSTED ABOVE; ThE iNST-iTUTE W-iLL BE ASS-iST-iNG -iN ThE Sh-iPMENT OF Th-iS EQU-iPMENT TO ThE DATA ENTRY CENTER -iN SOUTh iND-iA.) gOOD WORK-iNG KEYBOARDS ARE NEEDED AS MUCH AS ThE COMPUTERS ThEMSELVES/ AND MACH-iNES OR PR-iNTERS CAN BE E-iThER ibm OR mAC-iNTOSh TYPES. tHE COST OF -iMPORT-iNG EVEN USED EQU-iPMENT -iNTO iND-iA -iS STAGGER-iNG; OFTENT-iMES/ A DUTY OF OVER 200% OF ThE OR-iG-iNAL COST OF ThE MACH-iNE -iS LEV-iED. wE WOULD ThEREFORE APPREC-iATE ANY ASS-iSTANCE -iN HELP-iNG TO COVER -iMPORT DUT-iES; OThERW-iSE/ WE W-iLL BE SEND-iNG ONLY VERY L-iM-iTED AMOUNTS OF EQU-iPMENT OVER. tHE CENTER DOES REQU-iRE Th-iS EQU-iPMENT DESPERATELY TO CONT-iNUE OPERAT-iONS SMOOThLY/ S-iNCE ThE HOT HUM-iD-iTY AND DUST -iN ThAT AREA OF SOUTh iND-iA -iS A CONSTANT PROBLEM ThAT CAUSES MUCH MECHAN-iCAL FA-iLURE AND LOST ENTRY T-iME. acip cATALOG OF tEXTS iNPUT aTTACHED HERE -iS A COMPREHENS-iVE CATALOG OF EVERY WORK ThAT acip HAS -iNPUT OR L-iCENSED TO DATE. pLEASE NOTE ThAT NOT ALL OF ThE -iTEMS HAVE BEEN G-iVEN ThE-iR F-iNAL MANUAL PROOF-iNG; AND SO MANY HAVE YET TO BE RELEASED. tHE "STATUS" BOX -iND-iCATES HOW FAR ALONG TEXTS ARE -iN ThE PROOF-iNG PROCESSH a MEANS ThAT ONLY ONE COMPAR-iSON COPY HAS BEEN -iNPUT; e -iS A F-iNAL OVERSEAS VERS-iON ALREADY ED-iTED ThREE T-iMES; f -iND-iCATES A RELEASABLE/ FULLY-CORRECTED TEXT (W-iTh A NUMBER -iND-iCAT-iNG WH-iCH acip RELEASE -iNCLUDES -iT); g -iND-iCATES ThAT A PR-iNTABLE VERS-iON FOR ThE ttps t-iBETAN PROGRAM -iS AVA-iLABLE; AND h -iND-iCATES ThAT A PR-iNTABLE VERS-iON FOR ThE t-iBETAN! PROGRAM -iS AVA-iLABLE/ ON REQUEST FROM ANY acip OFF-iCE. pLEASE NOTE ThAT AS OF PRESS T-iME acip HAD NOT RECE-iVED SOME ED-iT-iON -iNFORMAT-iON FOR A NUMBER OF WOODBLOCK PR-iNTS HELD AT sERA mEY; ThESE BOXES W-iLL BE F-iLLED -iN BY ThE T-iME OF ThE NEXT RELEASE. tHE -iNFORMAT-iON CONTA-iNED -iN ThE FOLLOW-iNG CATALOG -iS ALL CONTA-iNED ON D-iSK W-iTh rELEASE 2/ -iN AN ascii F-iLE CALLED T-iTLES.AC-i. tH-iS SAME DATA -iS ALSO AVA-iLABLE -iN ThE FORMAT OF ThE EXCELLENT pARADOX DATABASE PROGRAM OF ThE bORLAND iNTERNAT-iONAL COMPANY/ usa. tH-iS ALLOWS ThE B-iBL-iOGRAPH-iC ENTRY BOXES TO BE -iNDEXED BY ANY PARAMETER AND AUTOMAT-iCALLY ShUFFLED AROUND ON ThE PR-iNT-OUT. acip WOULD L-iKE TO EXPRESS -iTS ThANKS TO mR. tHOMAS k-iELY OF nEW jERSEY/ usa/ FOR H-iS ASS-iSTANCE -iN PROGRAMM-iNG Th-iS FUNCT-iON.