the asian classics input project rELEASE tHREE iNCLUD-iNGH cONT-iNUAT-iON OF "tHE pH-iLOSOPH-iCAL d-iCT-iONARY OF aS-iA" TO -iNCORPORATE bUDDH-iST lOG-iC AND m-iDDLE-wAY pH-iLOSOPHY mATER-iAL FROM ThE kANGYUR AND tENGYUR COLLECT-iONS OF CLASS-iCAL sANSKR-iT PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL L-iTERATURE -iN t-iBETAN TRANSLAT-iON t-iBeASY/ A FREE NEW COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR V-iEW-iNG AND SEARCH-iNG acip DATA -iN NAT-iVE aS-iAN SCR-iPT nEWLY rELEASED cATALOGS OF sANSKR-iT AND t-iBETAN cLASS-iCAL l-iTERATURE tHE aS-iAN cLASS-iCS gRAPH-iCS l-iBRARYH F-iRST RELEASE OF A SER-iES OF TRAD-iT-iONAL aS-iAN WOODCUTS/ W-iTh A PROGRAM TO V-iEW AND USE ThEM tHE iNTERNAT-iONAL aS-iAN sCHOLARS dATABASE/ A FREE COMPUTER L-iST-iNG OF ThE NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF aS-iAN-STUD-iES SPEC-iAL-iSTS WORLDW-iDE d-iG-iTAL FORM AND DOCUMENTAT-iON OF tHE aS-iAN cLASS-iCS iNPUT pROJECT/ rELEASE tHREE/ COPYR-iGHT (C) tHE aS-iAN cLASS-iCS iNPUT pROJECT/1993. w-iTh ThE WR-iTTEN PERM-iSS-iON OF ThE aS-iAN cLASS-iCS iNPUT pROJECT/ Th-iS DATA MAY BE FREELY COP-iED/ USED/ AND D-iSTR-iBUTED FOR NON-PROF-iT PR-iVATE AND -iNST-iTUT-iONAL RESEARCH OR EDUCAT-iON. iT MAY NOT BE COP-iED AND RE-SOLD FOR ANY PURPOSE. aNY MOD-iF-iCAT-iON OF ThE DATA PR-iOR TO -iTS RE-D-iSTR-iBUT-iON REQU-iRES WR-iTTEN PERM-iSS-iON OF ThE pROJECT AND A PROM-iNENT NOT-iCE OF SUCH MOD-iF-iCAT-iON. tHE OP-iN-iONS/ F-iND-iNGS/ AND CONCLUS-iONS OR RECOMMENDAT-iONS EXPRESSED -iN Th-iS PUBL-iCAT-iON ARE ThOSE OF ThE AUThORS AND DO NOT NECESSAR-iLY REFLECT ThE V-iEWS OF ThE nAT-iONAL eNDOWMENT FOR ThE hUMAN-iT-iES. d-iG-iTAL FORM OF ThE uPDATE FOR ThE cATALOGED l-iST-iNGS OF sANSKR-iT wORKS OF ThE uN-iTED sTATES l-iBRARY OF cONGRESS COPYR-iGHT (C) tHE l-iBRARY OF cONGRESS/ EXCEPT -iN ThE usa/ 1992. tH-iS DATA HAS BEEN L-iCENSED FROM/ AND A FEE PA-iD TO/ ThE uN-iTED sTATES l-iBRARY OF cONGRESS. rEQUESTS FOR PERM-iSS-iON TO COPY OR D-iSTR-iBUTE ThE RECORDS -iN ANY FORM ShOULD BE REFERRED TO ThE cATALOG-iNG d-iSTR-iBUT-iON sERV-iCE OF ThE l-iBRARY OF cONGRESS/ wASh-iNGTON dc/ usa 20541. t-iBeASY aS-iAN-SCR-iPT V-iEW-iNG AND SEARCH-iNG PROGRAM COPYR-iGHT (C) tHE aS-iAN cLASS-iCS iNPUT pROJECT/ 1992. aLL R-iGHTS RESERVED. l-iST F-iLE V-iEW-iNG AND BROWS-iNG UT-iL-iTY COPYR-iGHT (C) wERNON d. bUERG/ 1983-92. aLL R-iGHTS RESERVED. sEE COPYR-iGHT(L-iCENSE)WARRANTY SECT-iON ON ThE ACCOMPANY-iNG DOCUMENTAT-iON F-iLE. sEEKeASY SEARCH PROGRAM COPYR-iGHT (C) cORRELAT-iON sYSTEMS/ 1984-92. aLL R-iGHTS RESERVED. sEE REG-iSTRAT-iON -iNFORMAT-iON ON ThE ACCOMPANY-iNG DOCUMENTAT-iON F-iLE. mULT-il-iNGUA -iNTERNAT-iONAL SPELL-iNG CHECKER (C) cONCEPTS iNFO/ 1990-92. aLL R-iGHTS RESERVED. sEE REG-iSTRAT-iON -iNFORMAT-iON ON ThE ACCOMPANY-iNG DOCUMENTAT-iON F-iLE. xtREE F-iLE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM (C) xtREE cOMPANY OF eXECUT-iVE sYSTEMS/ iNC/ 1985/ 1989. aLL R-iGHTS RESERVED. sEE REG-iSTRAT-iON -iNFORMAT-iON ON ThE ACCOMPANY-iNG DOCUMENTAT-iON F-iLE. gRAPH-iCS wORKShOP PACKAGE (C) aLCHEMY m-iNDWORKS/ iNC/ 1989/ 1992. aLL R-iGHTS RESERVED. sEE REG-iSTRAT-iON -iNFORMAT-iON ON ThE ACCOMPANY-iNG DOCUMENTAT-iON F-iLE. rEG-iSTERED TRADEMARKSH wORDpERFECT -iS A TRADEMARK OF ThE wORDpERFECT cORPORAT-iON. gOFER -iS A TRADEMARK OF m-iCROLYT-iCS/ iNC. w-iNDOWS AND wR-iTE ARE TRADEMARKS OF ThE m-iCROSOFT cORPORAT-iON. mAGELLAN -iS A TRADEMARK OF ThE lOTUS dEVELOPMENT cORPORAT-iON. l-iM-iTS OF L-iAB-iL-iTY AND D-iSCLA-iMER OF WARRANTYH tHE STAFF OF ThE aS-iAN cLASS-iCS iNPUT pROJECT HAVE TO ThE BEST OF ThE-iR AB-iL-iTY ASSURED ThAT ThE DATA/ PR-iNTED -iNFORMAT-iON/ AND PROGRAMS CONTA-iNED OR REV-iEWED -iN Th-iS COMPLEMENTARY RELEASE ARE ACCURATE AND EFFECT-iVE. acip ThOUGH MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY K-iND/ EXPRESSED OR -iMPL-iED/ W-iTh REGARD TO ThESE MATER-iALS/ AND ShALL NOT BE L-iABLE -iN ANY EVENT FOR -iNC-iDENTAL OR CONSEQUENT-iAL DAMAGE -iN CONNECT-iON W-iTh/ OR AR-iS-iNG OUT OF/ ThE FURN-iSh-iNG/ PERFORMANCE/ OR USE OF ThE RELEASE. acip rELEASE tHREE -iS AVA-iLABLE ON 5.25" AND 3.5" LOW OR H-iGH-DENS-iTY FLOPPY D-iSKS. tO ORDER/ PLEASE F-iLL OUT ThE ENCLOSED FORM/ OR CONTACT ThE ADDRESSES BELOW. aDD-iT-iONAL D-iSTR-iBUT-iON CENTERS ARE ALSO L-iSTED -iN Th-iS BROCHURE AND MAY ALSO BE CONTACTED. acip OFF-iCES CURRENTLY REQUEST A $15 DONAT-iON/ BY PERSONAL CHECK OR MONEY ORDER -iN ThE us AND BY -iNTERNAT-iONAL MONEY ORDERS -iN us DOLLARS ONLY FROM OUTS-iDE ThE us/ FOR ThE COSTS OF D-iSKS AND HANDL-iNG FOR EACH ORDER OF rELEASE tHREE. acip W-iLL CONT-iNUE TO SUPPLY ALL RELEASES FREE OF CHARGE TO ANY -iND-iV-iDUAL OR ORGAN-iZAT-iON WHO SUBM-iTS A WR-iTTEN STATEMENT ThAT ThE $15 DONAT-iON WOULD REPRESENT A HARDSh-iP FOR ThEM. tO ORDER D-iSKS/ BROCHURES/ acip PROGRAMS/ PR-iNT-OUTS -iN NAT-iVE SCR-iPT; TO MAKE A TAX-EXEMPT CONTR-iBUT-iON OF USED COMPUTER EQU-iPMENT; OR FOR GENERAL PROJECT UPDATES/ CONTACTH tHE aS-iAN cLASS-iCS iNPUT pROJECT wASh-iNGTON aREA oFF-iCE 11911 mARMARY rOAD gA-iThERSBURG/ mARYLAND usa 20878-1839 TELEPHONE AND FAX (CALL VO-iCE F-iRST FOR FAX)H (301) 948-5569 ELECTRON-iC MA-iLH AC-iP@WELL.SF.CA.US CONTACTH dR. rOBERT tAYLOR/ ASS-iSTANT PROJECT D-iRECTOR fOR QUEST-iONS ON ED-iTOR-iAL CONTENT/ TEXT -iNPUT SCHEDULES/ PROJECT PART-iC-iPAT-iON/ SUBM-iSS-iON OF ERRORS FOUND/ OR SUPPORT OF PROPOSALS FOR RELATED EFFORTS/ CONTACTH tHE aS-iAN cLASS-iCS iNPUT pROJECT nEW yORK aREA oFF-iCE C(O tHE pR-iNCETON cLUB OF nEW yORK bOX 57 15 wEST 43RD sTREET nEW yORK nEW yORK usa 10036 TELEPHONE AND FAX (SAME NUMBER)H (908) 364-1824 ELECTRON-iC MA-iLH AC-iP@WELL.SF.CA.US ATTENT-iONaH m-iCHAEL rOACH/ PROJECT D-iRECTOR jOHN mALPAS/ CH-iEF PROGRAMMER tO LEARN MORE ABOUT ThE acip OVERSEAS DATA ENTRY CENTER/ OR FOR ADV-iCE ON SETT-iNG UP A S-iM-iLAR OPERAT-iON OVERSEAS/ CONTACTH sERA mEY dRATSANG mAHAYANA pH-iLOSOPHY uN-iVERS-iTY bYLAKUPPE 571-104/ mYSORE d-iSTR-iCT kARNATAKA sTATE/ iND-iA ATTENT-iONaH mANAGER/ sERA mEY cOMPUTER cENTER table of contentsh sTATEMENT OF pURPOSE 1 pROJECT h-iSTORY AND sPONSORS 2 tEXTS -iN rELEASE tHREE 3 cONT-iNUAT-iON OF ThE pH-iLOSOPH-iCAL d-iCT-iONARY OF aS-iA 3 tHE lOG-iC pR-iMER OF rATO/ W-iTh cOMMENTARY 3 oVERV-iEW OF ThE m-iDDLE wAY 6 mATER-iAL FROM ThE kANGYUR 7 mATER-iAL FROM ThE tENGYUR 9 wORKS OF ThE lAM-r-iM tRAD-iT-iON 10 rEFERENCE wORKS -iN rELEASE tHREE 11 tHE l-iBRARY OF cONGRESS dELH-i aCQU-iS-iT-iONS cATALOG 11 hANDL-iST OF pl480 aCQU-iS-iT-iONS BY e. gENE sM-iTh 12 cATALOG TO ThE l-iBRARY OF tR-iJANG r-iNPOCHE 13 iNTERNAT-iONAL aS-iAN sCHOLARS dATABASE 14 aS-iAN gRAPH-iCS -iN rELEASE tHREE 15 cOMPUTER pROGRAMS -iN rELEASE tHREE 18 t-iBeASYH acip'S aS-iAN-sCR-iPT w-iEW AND sEARCH pROGRAM 18 l-iST w-iEW-iNG AND sEARCH-iNG pROGRAM 19 sEEKEASY sEARCH pROGRAM 20 grep sEARCH pROGRAMS 20 uPDATED mULT-iL-iNGUA sPELL-cHECKER 20 uPDATED wORDpERFECT t-iBETAN pR-iNT-iNG mACROS 21 xtREE f-iLE mANAGEMENT pROGRAM 21 uS-iNG acip dATA W-iTh dos AND w-iNDOWS 22 uPDATE ON aVA-iLABLE aS-iAN-lANGUAGE cOMPUTER pROGRAMS 23 "t-iBETAN!" FROM ThE t-iBETAN cOMPUTER cOMPANY 24 t-iBETAN ON ThE mAC-iNTOSh 27 t-iBETAN FOR w-iNDOWS 28 l.i.r.i. mULT-iPLE-lANGUAGE pACKAGE 30 sAMBHOTA 30 uPDATE FROM lASERqU-iLL 32 pROGRAMS FROM mEMBERS OF ThE rUSS-iAN aCADEMY OF sC-iENCES 33 tHE "pEMA" sYSTEM 33 ttps AND aT-iShA 33 gENERAL nOTES AND cOMMERC-iAL sOFTWARE FOR uS-iNG acip dATA 34 oN-l-iNE d-iCT-iONAR-iES uPDATE 34 tHE dHARAMSALA d-iCT-iONARY 34 tHE wALBY d-iCT-iONARY 35 pREL-iM-iNARY rEPORT ON sCANNED iNPUT OF ThE mAHAVYUTPATT-i 36 acip cATALOG-iNG pROJECTS 36 tHE sA-iNT pETERSBURG cATALOG 36 pREL-iM-iNARY aGREEMENT W-iTh ThE l-iBRARY OF ThE uN-iVERS-iTY OF sA-iNT pETERSBURG 38 pREL-iM-iNARY aGREEMENT W-iTh ThE l-iBRARY OF ThE gOVERNMENT OF mONGOL-iA 38 acip oPERAT-iONS uPDATE 39 dERGE tENGYUR aCQU-iS-iT-iON uPDATE 39 acip dATA d-iSTR-iBUT-iON cENTERS -iN eUROPE AND aS-iA 39 cONTACT-iNG acip/ AND pROJECT jOB oPEN-iNGS 40 acip oVERSEAS dATA eNTRY AND eD-iT-iNG eXPANS-iON 41 acip pR-iOR-iT-iZAT-iON pOL-iCY 42 sERA mEY uN-iVERS-iTY tEXT sER-iES 44 acip tRANSCR-iPT-iON cHART uPDATE 45 acip f-iLE nOMENCLATURE uPDATE 46 pART-iC-iPAT-iNG cORRECT-iON pLAN 46 pROF-iLE OF acip uSERS 52 acip tEXT iNPUT pRODUCT-iON 54 tHE mARR-iAGE OF eTh-iCS AND eMPT-iNESSH aN iNTERACT-iVE hYPERTEXT eSSAY 55 cATALOG OF t-iTLES iNPUT TO dATE 79 cATALOG OF ThE aS-iAN cLASS-iCS gRAPH-iCS l-iBRARY 107 release thrai the asian classics input project wELCOME TO ThE aS-iAN cLASS-iCS iNPUT pROJECT rELEASE tHREE. tH-iS BROCHURE -iS DES-iGNED TO HELP YOU GET ThE MOST OUT OF OUR LATEST RELEASE/ WH-iCH acip STAFF HAVE SPENT OVER A YEAR OF HARD WORK -iN PREPAR-iNG. iN Th-iS NEW RELEASE YOU'LL F-iND MANY USEFUL AND EXC-iT-iNG TEXTS AND TOOLS FOR STUDY-iNG ThE CLASS-iCS OF aS-iAH - WE F-iNALLY HAVE A SCREEN V-iEWER (FREE) FOR SEE-iNG AND SEARCH-iNG ThE TEXTS -iN NAT-iVE aS-iAN SCR-iPT - A GROUP OF WORKS -iNCLUD-iNG ThE TEXT OF ThE OLDEST PR-iNTED BOOK -iN ThE WORLD/ AN OR-iG-iNAL AND -iMPORTANT EXPLANAT-iON OF ONE OF ThE GREATEST CLASS-iCS OF aS-iAN PH-iLOSOPHY/ AND ThE ONLY KNOWN COPY OF ThE ONLY KNOWN COMMENTARY TO ThE F-iRST OF ThE GREAT LOG-iC PR-iMERS OF t-iBET - NEWS ABOUT acip EFFORTS TO LOCATE MORE RARE aS-iAN TEXTS WORLDW-iDE - OUR F-iRST RELEASE OF CLASS-iC aS-iAN WOODCARVED -iMAGES/ AND A PROGRAM TO SEE AND USE ThEM - MORE USEFUL CATALOGS OF CLASS-iCAL aS-iAN L-iTERATURE/ ALONG W-iTh ThE F-iRST -iNSTALLMENT OF OUR iNTERNAT-iONAL aS-iAN sCHOLARS dATABASE--A FREE L-iST-iNG OF ThE NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF YOUR COLLEAGUES WORLDW-iDE WHO USE acip DATA/ AND WHO HAVE AGREED TO BE L-iSTED - UPDATES ON ThE BEST COMPUTER PROGRAMS FOR V-iEW-iNG AND PR-iNT-iNG NAT-iVE aS-iAN SCR-iPTS - DESCR-iPT-iONS OF ON-L-iNE aS-iAN D-iCT-iONARY PROJECTS ThAT W-iLL MAKE YOUR WORK EAS-iER AND MORE ACCURATE; -iNCLUD-iNG A COMPUTER-iZED t-iBETAN-eNGL-iSh D-iCT-iONARY NOW AVA-iLABLE FROM acip - PROGRESS REPORTS AND A CATALOG OF NEARLY 15/000 PAGES OF TEXTS -iNPUT BY ThE pROJECT TO DATE. sTATEMENT OF pURPOSE tHE PURPOSE OF ThE PROJECT WAS PUT FORTh AS FOLLOWS -iN ThE BROCHURE ACCOMPANY-iNG ThE F-iRST RELEASE OF DATA -iN mARCH/ 1990H tHE aS-iAN cLASS-iCS iNPUT pROJECT HAS BEEN ORGAN-iZED FOR ThE PURPOSE OF PRESERV-iNG AND FURThER-iNG ThE STUDY OF -iMPORTANT EXAMPLES OF aS-iAN L-iTERATURE/ ThROUGH ThE CREAT-iON AND D-iSTR-iBUT-iON OF -iNEXPENS-iVE COMPUTER D-iSKS CONTA-iN-iNG ThESE WORKS -iN A S-iMPLE AND ACCURATE D-iG-iTAL FORM. tHE -iN-iT-iAL GOAL OF ThE PROJECT -iS TO -iNPUT ThE kANGYUR AND tENGYUR COLLECT-iONS OF CLASS-iCAL sANSKR-iT L-iTERATURE -iN t-iBETAN TRANSLAT-iON. tHE 4/500 WORKS OF ThESE COLLECT-iONS REPRESENT ThE CREAM OF aS-iAN PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL ThOUGHT FROM ThE PER-iOD OF 500 bc TO 900 ad. w-iTh FEW EXCEPT-iONS ThE sANSKR-iT OR-iG-iNALS HAVE BEEN LOST/ AND SURV-iVE ONLY -iN FA-iThFUL t-iBETAN RENDER-iNGS PROTECTED OVER CENTUR-iES BY ThE NATURAL BARR-iER OF ThE h-iMALAYA MOUNTA-iNS. tHE PROJECT A-iMS TO MAKE ThESE TEXTS/ ALONG W-iTh RESEARCH TOOLS SUCH AS D-iCT-iONAR-iES AND B-iBL-iOGRAPH-iES/ EAS-iLY ACCESS-iBLE ON ThE PERSONAL COMPUTERS OF RESEARCHERS AROUND ThE WORLD. tH-iS W-iLL ST-iMULATE ThE TRANSLAT-iON OF ThE COLLECT-iONS/ AND GRADUALLY OPEN Th-iS TREASURE OF KNOWLEDGE TO ThE GENERAL PUBL-iC. tH-iS -iNFLUX OF ThE GREAT -iDEAS OF ThE OThER HALF OF MANK-iND W-iLL DEEPLY ENR-iCH OUR wESTERN CULTURE/ AND -iNEV-iTABLY LEAD TO GREATER UNDERSTAND-iNG BETWEEN ThE PEOPLES OF ThE WORLD. tHE CHO-iCE OF t-iBETAN-LANGUAGE TEXTS -iS ALSO D-iCTATED BY A CONCERN ThAT RECENT POL-iT-iCAL EVENTS MAY QU-iCKLY ERASE ThE t-iBETAN PEOPLE ThEMSELVES AND ThE R-iCH STORE OF aS-iAN CLASS-iCS ThEY HAVE CAREFULLY COLLECTED AND PRESERVED OVER A COMPLETE M-iLLENN-iUM. tHE ENT-iRE -iNPUT WORK HAS ThEREFORE BEEN ACCOMPL-iShED AT A TRAD-iT-iONAL t-iBETAN MONAST-iC UN-iVERS-iTY BY NAT-iVE REFUGEE SCHOLARS TRA-iNED/ EQU-iPPED/ AND SALAR-iED BY ThE PROJECT. pROJECT h-iSTORY AND sPONSORS tHE aS-iAN cLASS-iCS iNPUT pROJECT WAS FOUNDED BY kHEN r-iNPOCHE gEShE lOBSANG tHARCH-iN/ ThE FORMER HEAD OF sERA mEY t-iBETAN uN-iVERS-iTY AND ONE OF ThE SEN-iOR NAT-iVE SCHOLARS OF aS-iAN PH-iLOSOPHY -iN ThE WORLD. eARLY ADV-iSORS WHO HELPED ThE pROJECT DEF-iNE -iTSELF WERE pROF. sAMUEL aTK-iNS/ pROF. w-iLL-iAM lAfLEUR/ AND dR. dAV-iD w. pACKARD. tHE pROJECT WAS BEGUN W-iTh A GRANT FROM ThE pACKARD hUMAN-iT-iES iNST-iTUTE AND ThE dAV-iD AND lUC-iLE pACKARD fOUNDAT-iON/ WH-iCH WAS STARTED BY ONE OF ThE FOUNDERS OF ThE hEWLETT pACKARD cORPORAT-iON. oThER acip SPONSORS -iNCLUDE ThE mAHAYANA sUTRA AND tANTRA cENTER/ usa; aND-iN iNTERNAT-iONAL d-iAMOND/ iNC/ nEW yORK; ThE bUDDH-iST cULTURAL eXCHANGE rESEARCH iNST-iTUTE OF yU-iShO j-i/ jAPAN; sERA mEY t-iBETAN uN-iVERS-iTY; AND VAR-iOUS OThER PR-iVATE AND ORGAN-iZAT-iONAL CONTR-iBUTORS. acip STAFF -iN ThE uN-iTED sTATES WORK ENT-iRELY ON AN UNPA-iD VOLUNTEER BAS-iS/ W-iTh ThE OCCAS-iONAL EXCEPT-iON OF CLER-iCAL OR PROGRAMM-iNG HELP. acip STAFF AT ThE OVERSEAS DATA ENTRY AND ED-iT-iNG CENTERS ARE PA-iD A MODEST WAGE -iN LOCAL CURRENCY. aLL acip DATA -iS PROV-iDED FOR ThE COST OF DUPL-iCAT-iON AND MA-iL-iNG ONLY; AND EVEN ThESE EXPENSES ARE WA-iVED -iN ThE CASE OF NEEDY -iND-iV-iDUALS/ SUCH AS NAT-iVE REFUGEE SCHOLARS. acip -iS PLEASED TO ANNOUNCE ThAT -iT HAS RECENTLY BEEN AWARDED FUND-iNG FROM ThE uN-iTED sTATES nAT-iONAL eNDOWMENT FOR ThE hUMAN-iT-iES. tH-iS GRANT W-iLL GO A LONG WAY -iN ALLOW-iNG ThE pROJECT TO MEET -iTS MANY AMB-iT-iOUS GOALS FOR ThE PRESERVAT-iON AND D-iSSEM-iNAT-iON OF CLASS-iCAL aS-iAN L-iTERATURE OVER ThE NEXT FEW YEARS. wE WOULD L-iKE TO EXPRESS OUR S-iNCERE ThANKS TO ThE STAFF OF ThE nAT-iONAL eNDOWMENT/ WHO PROV-iDED pROJECT STAFF W-iTh CONSTANT ASS-iSTANCE DUR-iNG ThE GRANT REV-iEW PROCESS; ThESE -iNCLUDE ESPEC-iALLY mS. hELEN aGâERA AND mS. aDR-iENNE lO. wE ARE ALSO VERY GRATEFUL TO ThE -iND-iV-iDUALS WHO PROV-iDED RECOMMENDAT-iONS TO ThE eNDOWMENT ON BEHALF OF acipH ThESE LETTERS FROM SPEC-iAL-iSTS/ SOME WHOSE NAMES WERE SUGGESTED BY ThE pROJECT/ AND OThERS SELECTED BY ThE eNDOWMENT/ EXPRESSED UNAN-iMOUS SUPPORT AND APPREC-iAT-iON FOR OUR EFFORTS TO DATE. neh FORWARDED ThE pROJECT COP-iES OF ThESE REV-iEWS/ W-iTh ThE NAMES OF ThE AUThORS BLACKED OUT/ AND ThEY HAVE PROV-iDED pROJECT STAFF W-iTh A GREAT DEAL OF ENCOURAGEMENT FOR OUR FUTURE ENDEAVORS. tEXTS -iN rELEASE tHREE acip rELEASE tHREE CONTA-iNS 2.5 M-iLL-iON BYTES (OR ABOUT HALF A M-iLL-iON WORDS) OF -iMPORTANT aS-iAN PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL WORKS/ ORGAN-iZED -iNTO ThE FOUR GROUPS DESCR-iBED BELOW. cONT-iNUAT-iON OF ThE pH-iLOSOPH-iCAL d-iCT-iONARY OF aS-iA tHE lOG-iC pR-iMER OF rATO/ W-iTh cOMMENTARY tHE SECOND RELEASE OF acip DATA -iNTRODUCED ThE CONCEPT OF ThE pH-iLOSOPH-iCAL d-iCT-iONARY OF aS-iA. tHE RELEASE -iNCLUDED 12 MAJOR TEXTS OF aS-iAN PH-iLOSOPHY AND DESCR-iBED A SEARCH METhOD ThAT ALLOWS SCHOLARS TO F-iND ThE DESCR-iPT-iONS/ DEF-iN-iT-iONS/ AND D-iV-iS-iONS OF -iMPORTANT aS-iAN PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL -iDEAS W-iTh-iN M-iNUTES. tHE PARTS OF ThE d-iCT-iONARY CONTA-iNED -iN ThE SECOND RELEASE WERE DEVOTED CH-iEFLY TO ThE sVATANTR-iKA GROUP OF CLASS-iCAL m-iDDLE-wAY OR mADHYAM-iKA bUDDH-iST PH-iLOSOPHY/ AS WELL AS TO ThE m-iND-oNLY (c-iTTAMATRA) sCHOOL OF MED-iEVAL iND-iA. rELEASE tHREE NOW EXPANDS ThE d-iCT-iONARY -iNTO ThE Th-iRD OF ThE FOUR CLASS-iCAL SYSTEMS OF bUDDH-iST PH-iLOSOPHY--ThE sAUTRANT-iKA/ AS WELL AS -iNTO ThE H-iGHER SECT-iON W-iTh-iN ThE m-iDDLE-wAY sCHOOLH ThAT OF ThE pRASANG-iKA. tHE FORMER OF ThESE TWO SCHOOLS -iS REPRESENTED -iN rELEASE tHREE BY ThE lOG-iC pR-iMER OF rATO (rVA-STOD BSDUS-GRVA)/ WH-iCH -iS GENERALLY REGARDED AS ThE GREAT PREDECESSOR OF ThE MANY LATER WORKS OF Th-iS GENRE. l-iTTLE CONCRETE -iNFORMAT-iON -iS KNOWN ABOUT ThE AUThOR/ WHOSE NAME APPEARS AS BOTh cHOKHLA oSER (McHOG-LHA 'OD-ZER) AND AS cHOKLE oSER (pHYOGS-LASOD-ZER). hE -iS ALSO REFERRED TO W-iTh ThE HONOR-iF-iC OF jAMYANG lAMA ('jAM-DBYANGS BLA-MA)/ AND A REFERENCE -iN ThE gREAT d-iCT-iONARY (tS-iG-MDZOD CHEN-MO) -iND-iCATES ThAT HE PASSED ON -iN ThE YEAR 1500 ad. cHOKHLA oSER'S WORK COVERS SOME 20 D-iFFERENT ELEMENTARY PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL TOP-iCS WH-iCH ARE BAS-iC BUT ESSENT-iAL TOOLS FOR WORK-iNG W-iTh ALL ThE CLASS-iCAL PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL TEXTS. tYP-iCAL TOP-iCS COVERED ARE DEF-iN-iNG ThE CONCEPT OF DEF-iN-iT-iON -iTSELF/ OUTL-iNE OF ThE CATEGOR-iES OF EX-iST-iNG Th-iNGS/ ThE -iDEA OF CAUSE AND EFFECT/ FORMAL LOG-iC/ AND SO ON. hE WAS A MEMBER OF rATO t-iBETAN mONAST-iC uN-iVERS-iTY/ LOCATED JUST OUTS-iDE lHASA/ ThE CAP-iTAL OF t-iBET/ AND FOUNDED -iN ThE F-iFTEENTh CENTURY BY ThE MASTER dRAKPA sANGPO/ A D-iRECT STUDENT OF BOTh jE tSONGKAPA (1357-1419) AND rONG tONPA (1367-1449)/ TWO OF ThE GREATEST PH-iLOSOPHERS ThE COUNTRY HAS EVER PRODUCED. rATO HAS ThUS BEEN ThE S-iTE WHERE cHOKHLA oSER'S MASTERP-iECE WAS TRAD-iT-iONALLY PUBL-iShED/ FROM WOODBLOCKS KEPT UNDER rATO mONASTERY'S CARE. w-iTh ThE cOMMUN-iST cH-iNESE -iNVAS-iON OF t-iBET -iN 1959 AND SUBSEQUENT DESTRUCT-iON OF MOST BOOKS AND CENTERS OF LEARN-iNG/ NO COPY OF ThE lOG-iC pR-iMER COULD BE LOCATED FOR REPUBL-iCAT-iON BY ThE REFUGEE SCHOLARS -iN iND-iA. oVER 20 YEARS ELAPSED BEFORE -iTS F-iRST REPR-iNT-iNG/ -iN 1983 AT dHARAMSALA. fOR -iNPUT OF ThE TEXT acip HAS USED A NEWLY CARVED t-iBETAN ED-iT-iON/ COMPLETED UNDER ThE SUPERV-iS-iON OF A PR-iNTER -iN lHASA COMMONLY KNOWN S-iMPLY AS pALDEN AND PRESENTED BY H-iM TO kHYONGLA r-iNPOCHE/ nGAWANG lOBSANG/ ThE T-iTULAR HEAD OF rATO. uNFORTUNATELY ThE CARV-iNG CONTA-iNED A GOOD NUMBER OF SPELL-iNG AND OThER ERRORS; ThESE WERE CORRECTED W-iTh ThE HELP OF kHYONGLA r-iNPOCHE H-iMSELF. iN KEEP-iNG W-iTh acip ED-iTOR-iAL POL-iCY/ EACH OF ThESE CORRECT-iONS -iS ACCOMPAN-iED -iN ThE DATA BY ThE OR-iG-iNAL READ-iNG. sEVERAL YEARS AGO A t-iBETAN REFUGEE SCHOLAR ARR-iVED UNEXPECTEDLY AT ThE acip DATA ENTRY CENTER -iN sOUTh iND-iA W-iTh A TATTERED ED-iT-iON OF A WOODBLOCK PR-iNT WH-iCH HE SUGGESTED BE -iNPUT/ S-iNCE AS FAR AS HE WAS AWARE -iT M-iGHT BE ThE LAST COPY. acip STAFF WERE DEL-iGHTED TO F-iND ThAT -iT WAS A COMMENTARY TO ThE lOG-iC pR-iMER OF rATO/ S-iNCE TO OUR KNOWLEDGE NO COMMENTARY TO ThE pR-iMER WAS EVEN KNOWN TO EX-iST. iT WAS -iMMED-iATELY -iNPUT AT ThE CENTER. a STUDY OF ThE COLOPHON TO ThE TEXT ShOWS ThAT -iT WAS COMPOSED BY jAMPEL gENDUN gYATSO ('jAM-DPAL DGE-'DUN RGYA-MTSO)/ A SCHOLAR -iN ThE L-iNEAGE OF ThE tONGKOR sHABDRUNG (sTONG-'KHOR zHAB-DRUNG). tONGKOR -iS AN AREA OF EASTERN t-iBET/ AND "sHABDRUNG" REFERS TO A H-iGH SCHOLAST-iC T-iTLE. tHERE -iS A HANDWR-iTTEN COPY OF A BR-iEF H-iSTORY OF ThE LAMAS OF Th-iS L-iNE -iN ThE POSSESS-iON OF wEN. lOBSANG nGUDUP OF rONGPO cOLLEGE OF sERA mEY mONAST-iC uN-iVERS-iTY/ AND FROM Th-iS WE CAN DATE ThE AUThOR OF OUR COMMENTARY TO ThE LATE 1700S. tHE COMMENTARY -iTSELF -iS OF ThE DKA'-GNAS VAR-iETY/ WH-iCH MEANS ThAT -iT TREATS ONLY ThE MOST D-iFF-iCULT PO-iNTS OF ThE pR-iMER/ W-iThOUT COVER-iNG EVERY ONE OF -iTS SECT-iONS. tHE COND-iT-iON OF ThE PR-iNT WAS QU-iTE POOR/ AND -iN FACT HALF OF ThE F-iNAL PAGE HAD BEEN R-iPPED OFF AND REPA-iRED LATER/ W-iTh ThE CONTENTS OF ThE NEW HALF WR-iTTEN -iN BY HAND. tH-iS PAGE -iNCLUDES A SECT-iON OF sANSKR-iT -iN t-iBETAN TRANSCR-iPT-iON WH-iCH -iS ThE TEXT OF A rEC-iTAT-iON FOR w-iSDOM (sHES-RAB BLO-'PHEL GY-i GZUNGS). sECT-iONS OF ThE rEC-iTAT-iON SEEMED AS ThOUGH ThEY M-iGHT BE CORRUPT/ BUT BECAUSE OF ThE W-iDE LOCAL VAR-iAT-iONS -iN sANSKR-iT AND ThE LACK OF ANY TRAD-iT-iONAL AUThOR-iTY WE HAVE LEFT ThE SECT-iON AS -iS. a COMPAR-iSON VERS-iON OF ThE REC-iTAT-iON MAY BE FOUND -iN VOLUME ThA OF ThE RgYUD-'BUM SECT-iON OF ThE lHASA ED-iT-iON OF ThE BkA'-'GYUR/ BEG-iNN-iNG FROM FOL-iO 471b. tHERE WERE A S-iGN-iF-iCANT NUMBER OF DOUBTFUL READ-iNGS -iN ThE cOMMENTARY -iTSELF/ AND acip WAS FORTUNATE TO OBTA-iN ThE OFF-iCES OF kHEN r-iNPOCHE kACHEN sOPA/ ThE CURRENT ABBOT OF tASh-i lHUNPO mONAST-iC uN-iVERS-iTY AND A RENOWNED SCHOLAR OF aS-iAN LOG-iC/ WHO READ OVER ThE ENT-iRE TEXT AND OFFERED CORRECT-iONS. aGA-iN/ ThE OR-iG-iNAL READ-iNGS ARE ALSO -iNCLUDED -iN ThE D-iSK VERS-iON. tHE acip D-iSK CATALOG NUMBERS FOR ThESE TWO WORKS ARE s0033 (FOR ThE pR-iMER) AND s0020 (FOR ThE cOMMENTARY). oVERV-iEW OF ThE m-iDDLE wAY tHE SECOND PART OF ThE pH-iLOSOPH-iCAL d-iCT-iONARY -iN acip rELEASE tHREE -iS DED-iCATED TO m-iDDLE-wAY (mADHYAM-iKA) PH-iLOSOPHY. hERE WE HAVE -iNPUT ThE ENT-iRE TEXT OF ThE DbU-MA SPY-i-DON OF kEDRUP gENDUN tENPA dARGYE (MkHAS-GRUB DgE-'DUN BStAN-PA DAR-RGYAS)/ WHO WAS BORN -iN 1493 AT lUNGShU (KlUNG-ShOD)/ NORThEAST OF lHASA. hE STUD-iED AT BOTh bA AND gANDEN mONASTER-iES/ AND COMPOSED A GREAT NUMBER OF WORKS CURRENTLY USED AS TEXTBOOKS AT sERA mEY mONAST-iC uN-iVERS-iTY. kEDRUP tENPA dARGYE -iS COUNTED AMONG ThE PR-iNC-iPAL STUDENTS OF jETSUN cHUKY-i gYALTSEN (RjE-BTZUN cHOS-KY-i RGYAL-MTSAN/ 1469-1546)/ WHO H-iMSELF AUThORED MANY D-iALECT-iC TEXTBOOKS FOR ThE CURR-iCULUM OF sERA jEY/ ThE S-iSTER UN-iVERS-iTY OF sERA mEY. tENPA dARGYE SERVED AS ThE gANDEN tR-iPA/ ThE H-iGHEST ECCLES-iAST-iCAL POS-iT-iON OF ThE COUNTRY EXCEPT FOR ThAT OF ThE dALA-i lAMA/ AND MOREOVER OFF-iC-iATED AT ThE ORD-iNAT-iON CEREMONY OF ThE Th-iRD dALA-i lAMA/ sONAM gYATSO (RgYAL-BA BsOD-NAMS RGYA-MTSO/ 1543-1588). tH-iS WOULD -iND-iCATE ThAT HE WAS CONS-iDERED ONE OF ThE LEAD-iNG SCHOLARS OF H-iS ERA. tHE oVERV-iEW -iS WR-iTTEN -iN ThE TRAD-iT-iONAL Y-iG-CHA GENRE/ ThAT OF A TEXTBOOK FOR STUDENTS OF A MONAST-iC UN-iVERS-iTY/ -iN A SK-iLFUL COMB-iNAT-iON OF PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL D-iSPUTAT-iON AND SECT-iONS L-iST-iNG FORMAL DEF-iN-iT-iONS AND D-iV-iS-iONS OF ThE SUBJECT AT HAND. iT -iS MEANT AS A GU-iDE TO STUDY-iNG EARL-iER WORKS ON m-iDDLE-wAY pH-iLOSOPHY DAT-iNG FROM ThE F-iFTEENTh CENTURY/ WH-iCH ARE ThEMSELVES NECESSARY FOR UNDERSTAND-iNG A FAM-iLY OF TEXTS FROM SEVENTh-CENTURY iND-iA/ WH-iCH -iN TURN WERE WR-iTTEN TO ELUC-iDATE TEACH-iNGS OF ThE F-iFTh CENTURY bc. bOTh ThE lOG-iC pR-iMER OF rATO AND ThE oVERV-iEW OF ThE m-iDDLE wAY W-iLL BE EXTREMELY USEFUL TO STUDENTS OF CLASS-iCAL aS-iAN PH-iLOSOPHY/ ESPEC-iALLY -iF USED W-iTh A SEARCH PROGRAM SUCH AS gOFER (DESCR-iBED BELOW -iN ThE SECT-iON ON SEARCH TOOLS)/ WH-iCH ALLOWS bOOLEAN PARAMETERS SUCH AS "A BUT NOT B/" OR "A -iN ThE PROX-iM-iTY OF B." tO OBTA-iN ThE DEF-iN-iT-iON OF AN -iMPORTANT CONCEPT SUCH AS PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL NEGAT-iON/ FOR EXAMPLE/ ONE WOULD SEARCH FOR ThE WORD MTSAN-NY-iD ("DEF-iN-iT-iON") W-iTh-iN TWO L-iNES OF ThE WORD DGAG-PA ("NEGAT-iON")/ WH-iCH -iMMED-iATELY MOVES ONE TO WOODBLOCK FOL-iO 66a/ WHERE A NEGAT-iON -iS DEF-iNED AS "ANY EX-iST-iNG OBJECT WH-iCH CAN ONLY BE PERCE-iVED ThROUGH ThE PROCESS OF ThE ThOUGHT WH-iCH ASCERTA-iNS -iT F-iRST EL-iM-iNAT-iNG D-iRECTLY ThAT Th-iNG WH-iCH ThE NEGAT-iON DEN-iES." tO F-iND ThE DEF-iN-iT-iON OF ThE CONCEPT OF gREAT cOMPASS-iON WE SEARCH AGA-iN FOR ThE WORD MTSAN-NY-iD OCCURR-iNG W-iTh-iN TWO L-iNES OF ThE WORD FOR "GREAT COMPASS-iON"--SNY-iNG-RJE CHEN-PO. tH-iS TAKES US W-iTh-iN A FEW SECONDS TO WOODBLOCK FOL-iO 13b/ WHERE Th-iS EMOT-iON -iS DEF-iNED AS "AN UNCONTR-iVED STATE OF M-iND WHERE-iN ONE LOOKS UPON ANY L-iV-iNG BE-iNG -iN PA-iN/ NO MATTER WHO HE MAY BE/ AND AUTOMAT-iCALLY FEELS A CONCERN TO FREE H-iM FROM H-iS PA-iN--A CONCERN WH-iCH -iS -iN NO WAY LESS POWERFUL ThAN ThE LOVE ThAT A MOThER HAS FOR HER ONE AND ONLY SON." tHE oVERV-iEW WAS -iNPUT ON ThE BAS-iS OF AN ED-iT-iON FROM WOODBLOCKS CARVED AT ThE pOTALA pALACE -iN lHASA/ t-iBET/ WE BEL-iEVE -iN ThE YEAR 1751. aGA-iN ThE CARV-iNG AND TWO SUBSEQUENT ED-iT-iONS USED FOR COMPAR-iSON HAD A FA-iR NUMBER OF DOUBTFUL READ-iNGS/ AND A GROUP OF SELECT SCHOLARS (-iNCLUD-iNG TWO FORMER ABBOTS) FROM sERA mEY uN-iVERS-iTY WAS CONSULTED -iN EACH CASE. aS BEFORE/ ThE OR-iG-iNAL READ-iNGS ARE ALSO -iNCLUDED -iN ThE DATA. wE BEL-iEVE ThAT ThE RESULT-iNG ED-iT-iON -iS ThE MOST AUThOR-iTAT-iVE EVER PRODUCED FOR Th-iS -iMPORTANT WORK. tHE acip D-iSK CATALOG NUMBER FOR ThE oVERV-iEW -iS s0021. mATER-iAL FROM ThE kANGYUR tO DATE/ acip HAS -iNPUT SOME 14 M-iLL-iON BYTES (NEARLY 3 M-iLL-iON WORDS) OF TEXTS FROM ThE kANGYUR (BkA'-'GYUR)/ OR STANDARD COLLECT-iON OF ThE t-iBETAN TRANSLAT-iONS OF EARLY bUDDH-iST sANSKR-iT CLASS-iCS. a GROUP OF ED-iTORS HAS BEEN FORMED AT gANDEN AND dREPUNG t-iBETAN uN-iVERS-iT-iES TO PERFORM ThE F-iNAL MANUAL REV-iEW OF ThESE TEXTS/ ThE MAJOR-iTY OF WH-iCH HAVE ALREADY BEEN PR-iNTED OUT AND Sh-iPPED ThROUGH bOMBAY. acip HOPES TO PRESENT MANY OF ThESE WORKS -iN rELEASE fOUR. iN rELEASE tHREE WE HAVE -iNCLUDED ThE d-iAMOND-cUTTER sUTRA (wAJRACCHED-iKASUTRA)/ A BR-iEF BUT -iMPORTANT WORK ON ThE SUBJECT OF ThE PRAJâ¤A PARAM-iTA/ ThE pERFECT-iON OF w-iSDOM/ WH-iCH REFERS TO A COMB-iNAT-iON OF COMPASS-iON AND ThE UNDERSTAND-iNG ThAT NOTh-iNG OCCURS OUTS-iDE OF ETh-iCAL CAUSE AND EFFECT. tH-iS TEXT WAS SELECTED BECAUSE acip HAS RECENTLY BEEN ABLE TO OBTA-iN WHAT TO OUR KNOWLEDGE -iS ThE ONLY NAT-iVE t-iBETAN COMMENTARY TO Th-iS WORK/ WH-iCH HAS PLAYED SUCH A KEY ROLE -iN aS-iAN PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL L-iFE ThAT ThE cH-iNESE TRANSLAT-iON/ DATED TO 868 ad/ -iS ThE OLDEST COMPLETE PR-iNTED BOOK KNOWN -iN ThE WORLD. tHERE ARE TWO EX-iST-iNG t-iBETAN TRANSLAT-iONS OF EARLY sANSKR-iT COMMENTAR-iES ON ThE WORK; ThESE ARE CONTA-iNED -iN ThE tENGYUR COLLECT-iON OF PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL COMMENTAR-iES AND W-iLL BE -iNPUT BY acip -iN ThE NEAR FUTURE. tHE ED-iT-iON USED FOR ThE d-iAMOND-cUTTER -iTSELF WAS ThE VERY CLEAR 1730 CARV-iNG FROM dERGE/ t-iBET. a SECOND VERS-iON HAS ALSO ALREADY BEEN -iNPUT; -iT -iS -iN ThE DPE-ThUNG FORMAT AND -iS PROBABLY FA-iRLY RECENT -iN PUBL-iCAT-iON; ALThOUGH ThE COLOPHON MENT-iONS NO DATE OF PUBL-iCAT-iON/ -iT DOES MENT-iON ThE SPONSOR AS ONE pALDEN tSULTR-iM (DpAL-LDAN TSUL-KHR-iMS). tHE PRESENT COMMENTARY WAS COMPOSED BY cHONE lAMA dRAKPA sHEDRUP (cO-NE BLA-MA gRAGS-PA BShAD-SGRUB)/ WHO -iS ThE AUThOR OF AN ALTERNATE SER-iES OF TEXTBOOKS FOR sERA mEY uN-iVERS-iTY. cHONE -iS A FAMOUS MONAST-iC UN-iVERS-iTY -iN ThE aMDO REG-iON OF EASTERN t-iBET/ AND Th-iS -iS WHERE REPRESENTAT-iVES OF sERA mEY WERE ABLE TO MAKE A PHOTOCOPY OF ThE MASTER'S ENT-iRE COLLECTED WORKS/ AFTER OVER 30 YEARS AND MANY ATTEMPTS TO DO SO. cHONE lAMA dRAKPA sHEDRUP'S DATES ARE 1675-1748. mOST STUDENTS ARE L-iKELY TO F-iND mASTER sHEDRUP'S COMMENTARY EAS-iER TO FOLLOW ThAN E-iThER OF ThE EARLY iND-iAN COMMENTAR-iES. iT ADHERES CLOSELY TO ThE ROOT TEXT AND EXPLA-iNS -iN PLA-iN LANGUAGE ThE PO-iNT BE-iNG MADE -iN EACH OF ThE MANY CRYPT-iC L-iNES OF ThE OR-iG-iNAL. iN A NUMBER OF PLACES/ mASTER sHEDRUP G-iVES VERY HELPFUL GLOSSES OF SPEC-iF-iC TERM-iNOLOGY OF ThE sANSKR-iT/ SUCH AS H-iS TREATMENT OF ThE t-iBETAN TRANSLAT-iON SEMS-CAN. tHE OR-iG-iNAL WOODCARV-iNG FOR ThE COMMENTARY WAS UNUSUALLY CORRUPT/ A PROBLEM COMPL-iCATED BY ThE FACT ThAT FOR -iNPUT WE HAD ONLY A PHOTOCOPY OF AN OFTEN BLOTCHY XYLOGRAPH PR-iNT. fORTUNATELY acip WAS ABLE TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF ThE AVA-iLAB-iL-iTY OF SEVERAL H-iGHLY QUAL-iF-iED NAT-iVE SCHOLARS TO RECONSTRUCT UNCLEAR READ-iNGS -iN A GREAT NUMBER OF CASES. hOPEFULLY COND-iT-iONS -iN OCCUP-iED t-iBET W-iLL ONE DAY -iMPROVE TO WHERE A BETTER OR-iG-iNAL CAN BE CONSULTED. iT -iS -iNTEREST-iNG TO NOTE ThAT ThE WORD "D-iAMOND" OCCURS NOWHERE -iN ThE d-iAMOND-cUTTER sUTRA EXCEPT FOR ThE T-iTLE. aND YET ThE T-iTLE -iTSELF CONTA-iNS PERHAPS ThE MOST PROFOUND MESSAGE OF aS-iAN PH-iLOSOPHY/ WH-iCH -iS F-iTT-iNG FOR ThE OLDEST BOOK -iN ThE WORLD. d-iAMOND -iS ThE CLOSEST Th-iNG TO AN ABSOLUTE -iN ThE NATURAL WORLDH NOTh-iNG -iN ThE UN-iVERSE -iS HARDER ThAN D-iAMOND; NOTh-iNG CAN SCRATCH A D-iAMOND. d-iAMOND -iS ABSOLUTELY CLEARH -iF A D-iAMOND WALL WERE BU-iLT AROUND US WE WOULD NOT BE ABLE TO SEE -iT/ EVEN -iF -iT WERE MANY FEET Th-iCK. iN ThESE SENSES D-iAMOND -iS CLOSE TO WHAT bUDDH-iST PH-iLOSOPHY TERMS "ABSOLUTE TRUTh/" OR EMPT-iNESS/ WH-iCH -iS DESCR-iBED BELOW -iN ThE HYPERTEXT ESSAY/ tHE mARR-iAGE OF eTh-iCS AND eMPT-iNESS. aBSOLUTE TRUTh -iS F-iRST PERCE-iVED D-iRECTLY -iN A DEEP STATE OF CONCENTRAT-iON; ThE STATE OF M-iND AT Th-iS PO-iNT -iS CALLED ThE "PATh OF SEE-iNG." sUBSEQUENT TO SEE-iNG ABSOLUTE TRUTh D-iRECTLY/ WE UNDERSTAND ThAT REAL-iTY AS WE NORMALLY EXPER-iENCE -iT/ ThOUGH VAL-iD/ -iS SOMETh-iNG LESS ThAN ABSOLUTE. aLL OBJECTS POSSESS A QUAL-iTY OF ABSOLUTE TRUTh/ OR EMPT-iNESSH ALL OBJECTS ARE VO-iD OF ANY SELF-NATURE WH-iCH DOES NOT DEPEND ON OUR PROJECT-iONS. iN Th-iS SENSE WE ARE SURROUNDED BY ABSOLUTE TRUTh/ BUT HAVE NEVER BEEN ABLE TO SEE -iTH -iT -iS AS -iF Th-iS LEVEL OF REAL-iTY WERE L-iKE A WALL OF CLEAR D-iAMOND. tHE D-iAMOND -iS CLOSE TO ULT-iMATE REAL-iTY/ BUT -iT -iS NOT ULT-iMATE. iN Th-iS SENSE -iT CAN BE "CUT"H -iT CAN SERVE ONLY TO REM-iND US OF ThE REAL ULT-iMATE. aND SO -iT -iS -iMPORTANT TO REFER TO ThE WORK W-iTh -iTS FULL NAME/ ThE d-iAMOND-cUTTER. tHE acip D-iSK CATALOG NUMBERS ARE kd0016 FOR ThE d-iAMOND-cUTTER AND s0024 FOR mASTER sHEDRUP'S COMMENTARY. mATER-iAL FROM ThE tENGYUR aS DESCR-iBED BELOW/ acip HAS F-iNALLY BEEN ABLE TO OBTA-iN AT LEAST A GOOD PART OF AN ED-iT-iON OF ThE tENGYUR WH-iCH -iS ACCURATE ENOUGH TO ALLOW -iNPUT. oUR OVERSEAS -iNPUT CENTER -iS NOW LARGELY DED-iCATED TO -iNPUTT-iNG ThESE SECT-iONS/ BEG-iNN-iNG W-iTh ThE VOLUMES ON DbU-MA/ OR ThE m-iDDLE-wAY PH-iLOSOPHY DESCR-iBED ABOVE. iN ThE MEANT-iME WE ARE FORTUNATE TO BE ABLE TO RELEASE A NEW AND -iMPORTANT COMMENTARY TO ONE OF ThE MOST -iMPORTANT WORKS OF ThE tENGYURH ThE cOMMENTARY ON wAL-iD pERCEPT-iON (pRAMANAVARTT-iKA) OF mASTER dHARMAK-iRT-i/ WHO -iS DATED TO ThE SEVENTh CENTURY ad. tHE COMMENTARY -iNCORPORATES ThE ROOT TEXT AND G-iVES A CLEAR EXPLANAT-iON OF WHAT -iS OThERW-iSE ONE OF ThE MOST D-iFF-iCULT EXPOS-iT-iONS -iN ThE tENGYUR. iT WAS F-iN-iShED LAST YEAR BY gEShE yEShE wANGCHUK (DgE-BShES yE-ShES DBANG-PHYUG)/ A D-iST-iNGU-iShED SCHOLAR FROM ThE OR-iG-iNAL sERA mEY -iN t-iBET WHO WAS NOT ABLE TO COME OUT TO iND-iA -iN 1959. gEShE wANGCHUK HAS SUFFERED GREATLY/ PART-iCULARLY DUR-iNG ThE CHAOS OF ThE cULTURAL rEVOLUT-iON/ BUT DUR-iNG ThE RECENT RELAT-iVE RELAXAT-iON -iN t-iBET HAS BEEN ABLE TO COMPLETE A NUMBER OF VOLUMES SUCH AS ThE PRESENT ONE/ ON ThE PR-iNC-iPLES OF bUDDH-iST FORMAL LOG-iC AND ThEOR-iES OF PERCEPT-iON. mASTER dHARMAK-iRT-i'S TEXT WAS WR-iTTEN AS A DEFENSE OF ThE cOMPEND-iUM ON wAL-iD pERCEPT-iON (pRAMANASAMUCCAYA) BY mASTER d-iGNAGA/ WHO wESTERN SCHOLARS BEL-iEVE WAS BORN AROUND 400 ad. iT FORMS ThE BAS-iS OF ThE STUDY OF REASON-iNG -iN t-iBETAN UN-iVERS-iT-iES AND -iTS STUDY -iS REQU-iRED OF EVERY MONK SCHOLAR. sEVERAL MONThS OF EACH YEAR ARE USUALLY SET AS-iDE FOR TEACH-iNG AND PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL D-iSPUTAT-iON OF -iTS FOUR CHAPTERS/ MOST OFTEN UT-iL-iZ-iNG ThE BR-iLL-iANT EXEGES-iS OF ThE TEXT BY gYALTSAB jE dARMA r-iNCHEN (RgYAL-TSAB RjE dAR-MA R-iN-CHEN/ 1364-1432). iT WAS A CUSTOM FOR ThE GREATEST SCHOLARS OF LOG-iC TO MEET ONCE A YEAR AT ThE MONASTERY OF jANG/ JUST OUTS-iDE OF lHASA/ TO STUDY AND DEBATE ThE WORK TOGEThER ALL DAY (AND SOMET-iMES ALL N-iGHT AS WELL)/ FOR A SOL-iD MONTh. tHESE WERE KNOWN AS ThE "w-iNTER dEBATES OF jANG/" AND A MAN'S KNOWLEDGE OF LOG-iC WAS OFTEN JUDGED BY ThE NUMBER OF ThESE W-iNTER DEBATE SESS-iONS HE HAD UNDER H-iS BELT. gYALTSAB jE'S COMMENTARY -iS SO DEEP ThAT PH-iLOSOPHERS ATTEND-iNG ThE jANG dEBATES COULD RARELY COVER MORE ThAN A FEW OF -iTS 750 PAGES PER DAY/ AND AS A RESULT ThERE ARE VERY FEW SCHOLARS AL-iVE WHO ARE CAPABLE OF EXPOUND-iNG ON H-iS EXPLANAT-iONS OF ThE Th-iRD AND FOURTh CHAPTERS. fOR Th-iS REASON/ AND BECAUSE gEShE wANGCHUK'S TREATMENT OF ThESE CHAPTERS HAS NEVER BEEN PUBL-iShED BEFORE/ WE HAVE SELECTED Th-iS VOLUME FOR RELEASE F-iRST. tHE COMPAN-iON F-iRST VOLUME/ CONTA-iN-iNG ThE COMMENTARY TO ThE F-iRST AND SECOND CHAPTERS/ HAS ALREADY BEEN -iNPUT AND W-iLL BE RELEASED AT A LATER DATE. tHE TEXT OF mASTER dHARMAK-iRT-i'S ROOT WORK HAS ALREADY BEEN PROV-iDED TO acip USERS -iN ThE F-iRST RELEASE/ UNDER CATALOG NUMBER td4210. uSERS WHO HAVE A SOL-iD BACKGROUND -iN ThE SUBJECT OF bUDDH-iST LOG-iC W-iLL BE ABLE TO CHOOSE A L-iNE FROM ThE OR-iG-iNAL WORK AND SEARCH FOR -iT -iN gEShE wANGCHUK'S COMMENTARY. s-iNCE Th-iS LATTER WORK -iNCORPORATES ThE ROOT TEXT/ ThE SEARCH W-iLL TAKE ThEM W-iTh-iN A FEW SECONDS TO ThE CORRECT LOCAT-iON AND -iTS EXPLANAT-iON. nAT-iVE STUDENTS OF ThE SUBJECT HAVE ALREADY BECOME ACCUSTOMED TO REFERR-iNG TO gEShE wANGCHUK'S ELUC-iDAT-iON OF ThE EARL-iER CHAPTERS/ AND wESTERN RESEARCHERS MAY F-iND Th-iS COMMENTARY AN EXCELLENT WAY TO CRACK A PART-iCULARLY D-iFF-iCULT SECT-iON. fURThERMORE/ gEShE wANGCHUK -iS A H-iGHLY -iNQU-iS-iT-iVE SCHOLAR WHO HAS ALREADY PLAYED A MAJOR ROLE -iN COLLAT-iNG AN ENT-iRE NEW VERS-iON OF ThE tENGYUR COLLECT-iON FROM EX-iST-iNG ED-iT-iONS; AND WE CAN EXPECT ThAT ThE VERS-iON OF ThE ROOT TEXT PRESENTED -iN -iTS ENT-iRETY W-iTh-iN H-iS COMMENTARY W-iLL MAKE A GOOD COMPARAT-iVE VERS-iON. tHE acip D-iSK CATALOG NUMBER FOR ThE COMMENTARY -iS s0023b. wORKS OF ThE lAM-r-iM tRAD-iT-iON aLSO -iNCLUDED -iN rELEASE tHREE ARE TWO -iMPORTANT WORKS OF AN -iMPORTANT PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL TRAD-iT-iON KNOWN AS LAM-R-iM/ OR STEPS TO BE TAKEN BY A STUDENT TO REACH ThE H-iGHEST LEVELS OF KNOWLEDGE AND PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT. hERE F-iRST -iS ThE TEXT OF tHE tHREE pR-iNC-iPAL pAThS (lAM-GTZO RNAM-GSUM)/ A VERY CONC-iSE PRESENTAT-iON OF ThE ENT-iRE LAM-R-iM COMPOSED BY jE tSONGKAPA lOBSANG dRAKPA (RjE tZONG-KHA-PA BlO-BZANG GRAGS-PA/ 1357-1419)/ OFTEN CONS-iDERED ThE GREATEST PH-iLOSOPHER AND MOST ELOQUENT WR-iTER t-iBET HAS EVER PRODUCED. jE tSONGKAPA'S ROOT TEXT -iS ACCOMPAN-iED BY A COMMENTARY/ nOTES ON ThE tHREE pR-iNC-iPLE pAThS (lAM-GTZO GSUM GY-i Z-iN-BR-iS)/ WR-iTTEN BY ONE OF ThE MOST FAMOUS t-iBETAN TEACHERS OF Th-iS CENTURY/ kYABJE pABONGKA r-iNPOCHE/ dECHEN nY-iNGPO (SkYABS-RJE pHA-BONG-KHA-PA/ BdE-CHEN SNY-iNG-PO/ 1878-1941). pABONGKA r-iNPOCHE RECE-iVED ThE FULL TRAD-iT-iONAL TRA-iN-iNG OF A MONK SCHOLAR AT ThE gYALRONG cOLLEGE OF sERA mEY uN-iVERS-iTY/ AND AFTER H-iS GRADUAT-iON GA-iNED A REPUTAT-iON FOR H-iS AB-iL-iTY TO -iNTERPRET ThE H-iGHLY TECHN-iCAL MONAST-iC CURR-iCULUM TO ORD-iNARY C-iT-iZENS OF H-iS COUNTRY -iN LARGE PUBL-iC GAThER-iNGS. a CAREFUL STUDY OF ThE COMMENTARY HERE/ WH-iCH WAS COLLATED BY ThE wEN. lOBSANG dORJE FROM SOME F-iVE D-iFFERENT SETS OF LECTURE NOTES/ REVEALS HOW pABONGKA r-iNPOCHE HAS GRASPED AND -iNTERNAL-iZED ThE GREAT CONCEPTS OF CLASS-iCAL bUDDH-iST PH-iLOSOPHY/ AND ThEN EXPRESSED ThEM -iN ThE LANGUAGE OF ThE EVERYMAN/ W-iThOUT D-iLUT-iNG ThE-iR FORCE OR MEAN-iNG. tHE acip CATALOG F-iLE NUMBER FOR jE tSONGKAPA'S ROOT TEXT -iS s5275p/ AND pABONGKA r-iNPOCHE'S COMMENTARY HAS BEEN ASS-iGNED s0034. rEFERENCE wORKS -iN rELEASE tHREE acip HAS BEEN ABLE TO PROV-iDE A LARGE QUANT-iTY OF REFERENCE MATER-iALS -iN PAST RELEASES/ AND -iS PLEASED TO PROV-iDE F-iVE MORE -iTEMS W-iTh rELEASE tHREE. tHE l-iBRARY OF cONGRESS dELH-i aCQU-iS-iT-iONS cATALOG aS DESCR-iBED ON PAGE 48 OF ThE BROCHURE WH-iCH ACCOMPAN-iED acip rELEASE tWO/ STAFF FROM ThE pROJECT WERE ENGAGED -iN 1989 BY ThE uN-iTED sTATES l-iBRARY OF cONGRESS TO PRODUCE A CATALOG OF POTENT-iAL PURCHASES FOR -iTS RENEWED t-iBETAN-LANGUAGE aCQU-iS-iT-iONS pROGRAM. oVER 120 MONAST-iC UN-iVERS-iT-iES AND OThER NAT-iVE t-iBETAN -iNST-iTUT-iONS -iN ThE COUNTR-iES OF iND-iA/ nEPAL/ s-iKK-iM/ AND bHUTAN WERE -iNV-iTED TO SUBM-iT L-iSTS OF BOOKS. a SUMMARY OF OVER 1100 AVA-iLABLE T-iTLES WAS COMPLETED W-iTh-iN SEVERAL WEEKS W-iTh ThE HELP OF NAT-iVE DATA ENTRY OPERATORS TRA-iNED AT ThE acip DATA ENTRY CENTER -iN SOUTh iND-iA. tHE CATALOG WAS ThEN PROV-iDED ON D-iSK BY ThE l-iBRARY TO -iNST-iTUT-iONS AROUND ThE WORLD WHO M-iGHT BE -iNTERESTED -iN RECE-iV-iNG ThE NEW ACQU-iS-iT-iONS. acip HAS RECENTLY RECE-iVED PERM-iSS-iON FROM ThE l-iBRARY TO PROV-iDE Th-iS CATALOG TO -iTS USERS ON D-iSKETTE. mANY OF ThE BOOKS L-iSTED WERE PREV-iOUSLY UNAVA-iLABLE TO -iND-iV-iDUAL SCHOLARS/ WHO -iF ThEY REQU-iRE A PERSONAL COPY OF A PART-iCULAR TEXT CAN ORDER -iT FROM ThE -iNST-iTUT-iON OR PUBL-iShER L-iSTED. iF MORE -iNST-iTUT-iONS WORLDW-iDE JO-iN ThE l-iBRARY'S EFFORT AND AGREE TO S-iGN UP AND RECE-iVE BOOKS AS ThEY COME -iN/ ThEN ThE PROGRAM W-iLL HOPEFULLY ST-iMULATE A H-iGHER LEVEL OF NAT-iVE t-iBETAN PUBL-iSh-iNG ACT-iV-iTY/ WH-iCH WAS ONE OF ThE VERY POS-iT-iVE RESULTS OF ThE l-iBRARY'S SUCCESSFUL t-iBETAN ACQU-iS-iT-iONS DR-iVE UNDER ThE pl480 PROGRAM. tHEREFORE USERS OF acip DATA WHO Th-iNK ThE-iR -iNST-iTUT-iONS MAY W-iSh TO ACQU-iRE ThE NEW BOOKS ARE REQUESTED TO CONTACT ThE l-iBRARY; A GOOD CONTACT TO WR-iTE ThERE -iS mS. sUSAN mE-iNaHE-iT/ ThE t-iBETAN sPEC-iAL-iST/ C(O us l-iBRARY OF cONGRESS/ wASh-iNGTON/ dc/ usa 20540. tHE acip F-iLE NUMBER FOR ThE CATALOG -iS r0008. pLEASE NOTE ThAT ThE CATALOG OR-iG-iNALLY PREPARED BY acip STAFF WAS ED-iTED SOMEWHAT BY ThE l-iBRARY PR-iOR TO D-iSTR-iBUT-iON TO POTENT-iAL PROGRAM PART-iC-iPANTS/ APPARENTLY DUE -iN PART TO POL-iT-iCAL CONS-iDERAT-iONS W-iTh cH-iNA. tH-iS ED-iTED VERS-iON -iS ThE ONE WH-iCH acip HAS BEEN AUThOR-iZED TO RELEASE. f-iLE NUMBER r0022 CONTA-iNS ThE NAMES/ ADDRESSES/ AND CONTACT PERSONS FOR -iNST-iTUT-iONS AND PR-iVATE PUBL-iShERS WHO ARE L-iSTED -iN ThE CATALOG/ SO ThAT -iND-iV-iDUAL SCHOLARS CAN E-iThER PURCHASE PR-iVATE COP-iES OF TEXTS OR MAKE PERSONAL V-iS-iTS TO EXAM-iNE MANUSCR-iPTS OF -iNTEREST ThAT ARE NOT YET AVA-iLABLE FOR PURCHASE. hANDL-iST OF pl480 aCQU-iS-iT-iONS BY e. gENE sM-iTh acip -iS PR-iV-iLEGED TO BE AUThOR-iZED TO RELEASE ON D-iSK ThE CONTENTS OF A PR-iVATE L-iST KEPT BY e. gENE sM-iTh/ aS-iAN f-iELD d-iRECTOR FOR ThE us l-iBRARY OF cONGRESS/ OF ACQU-iS-iT-iONS MADE BY ThE l-iBRARY DUR-iNG H-iS 20-YEAR TENURE AS ThE hEAD OF ThE l-iBRARY'S dELH-i oFF-iCE. iT -iS NO EXAGGERAT-iON TO SAY ThAT ThE l-iBRARY'S EFFORTS UNDER gENE sM-iTh'S GU-iDANCE V-iRTUALLY SAVED t-iBETAN L-iTERATURE -iTSELF/ WH-iCH HAS BEEN DESCR-iBED AS ThE LARGEST COLLECT-iON OF PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL WR-iT-iNGS ON EARTh. acip WOULD AGA-iN L-iKE TO EXPRESS OUR GRAT-iTUDE TO ThE l-iBRARY AND mR. sM-iTh FOR ThE-iR EFFORTS. iN ThEORY/ ThE L-iST-iNGS OF ThE l-iBRARY ALREADY RELEASED BY acip ShOULD CONTA-iN ALL ThE -iTEMS -iN mR. sM-iTh'S hANDL-iST/ BUT -iN PRACT-iCE E-iThER CERTA-iN VOLUMES NEVER REACHED PART-iC-iPANTS OR ThE l-iBRARY -iTSELF/ OR -iN SOME CASES GL-iTCHES -iN ThE SYSTEM HAVE MADE ThE CATALOG-iNG DATA -iNCOMPLETE. tHEREFORE -iT -iS L-iKELY ThAT CERTA-iN WORKS W-iLL APPEAR ON ThE hANDL-iST ThAT ARE NOT FOUND -iN ThE CATALOG-iNG DATA. acip WOULD BE VERY GRATEFUL TO HEAR FROM -iTS USERS OF ANY SUCH "M-iSS-iNG" TEXTS WH-iCH ThEY NOTE. tHEN WE W-iLL MAKE AN EFFORT TO -iNFORM ThE R-iGHT PEOPLE AT ThE l-iBRARY SO ThAT ThEY CAN TRY TO MAKE ThE TEXT AVA-iLABLE. s-iNCE ThE hANDL-iST CONTA-iNS ONLY ThE BAREST ESSENT-iALS OF ThE AUThOR AND T-iTLE/ MANY USERS M-iGHT F-iND -iT VERY CONVEN-iENT TO SEARCH AND USE/ FOR EXAMPLE W-iTh A LAPTOP COMPUTER/ WHERE ThERE MAY NOT BE D-iSK SPACE ENOUGH TO DEVOTE TO ThE FULL L-iST-iNGS FROM ThE l-iBRARY. cATALOG TO ThE l-iBRARY OF tR-iJANG r-iNPOCHE kYABJE tR-iJANG r-iNPOCHE (FULL NAME SkYABS-RJE kHR-i-BYANG R-iN-PO-CHE BlO-BZANG YE-ShES BSTAN-'DZ-iN RGYA-MTSO/ 1901-1982) WAS ThE JUN-iOR TUTOR TO ThE PRESENT dALA-i lAMA/ ONE OF ThE TWO REL-iG-iOUS SCHOLARS TRAD-iT-iONALLY RESPONS-iBLE FOR ASSUR-iNG ThAT ThE dALA-i lAMA/ WHO -iS CHOSEN AS A SMALL BOY/ -iS PROPERLY EDUCATED -iN ThE GREAT PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL CLASS-iCS. oBV-iOUSLY Th-iS D-iST-iNCT-iON -iS RESERVED FOR ThE MOST CAPABLE TEACHERS OF ANY PART-iCULAR GENERAT-iON/ AND ThE FACT ThAT ThE xiwTh dALA-i lAMA GREW UP AS A GREAT TEXTUAL SCHOLAR AND ALSO A nOBEL LAUREATE -iS AN -iND-iCAT-iON OF ThE CAL-iBER OF H-iS -iNSTRUCTORS. tR-iJANG r-iNPOCHE WAS A STUDENT OF ThE -iLLUSTR-iOUS pABONGKA r-iNPOCHE AND CONTR-iBUTED MUCH TO ThE SUCCESS OF H-iS TEACHER'S ACT-iV-iT-iES/ ED-iT-iNG FOR EXAMPLE ThE ENT-iRE TEXT OF pABONGKA r-iNPOCHE'S GREAT MASTERP-iECE/ l-iBERAT-iON -iN oUR hANDS (lAM-R-iM RNAM-GROL LAG- BCANGS). aS-iDE FROM BE-iNG ONE OF ThE MOST ELOQUENT WR-iTERS OF H-iS T-iME HE PLAYED AN -iMPORTANT D-iPLOMAT-iC ROLE DUR-iNG ThE D-iFF-iCULT YEARS OF ThE -iNVAS-iON OF t-iBET. eVEN DUR-iNG H-iS F-iNAL YEARS OF FA-iL-iNG HEALTh HE CONSTANTLY TOURED ThE REFUGEE SETTLEMENTS -iN iND-iA/ CONT-iNUALLY TEACH-iNG AND EXHORT-iNG ThE t-iBETANS TO RETA-iN ThE-iR CULTURE AND REL-iG-iON. wHAT -iS PERHAPS LESS KNOWN ABOUT tR-iJANG r-iNPOCHE -iS ThAT HE WAS ONE OF ThE PREM-iER COLLECTORS OF CLASS-iCAL TEXTS -iN H-iS GENERAT-iON/ AND MOREOVER ThAT HE MADE A P-iONEER-iNG ATTEMPT TO ORGAN-iZE AND CATALOG H-iS COLLECT-iON -iN WAYS ThAT NO NAT-iVE SCHOLAR HAD EVER DONE BEFORE. iN 1988/ acip STAFF HAD A CHANCE TO REV-iEW ThE LATE r-iNPOCHE'S COLLECT-iON/ AND W-iTh ThE PERM-iSS-iON OF ThE D-iRECTOR OF ThE r-iNPOCHE'S ESTATE/ kUNGO pALDEN/ MADE A PHOTOCOPY OF A HANDWR-iTTEN CATALOG TO -iT. tH-iS CATALOG -iS -iNCLUDED HERE -iN rELEASE tHREE UNDER -iTS acip D-iSK F-iLE CATALOG NUMBER/ r0020. tHE CATALOG -iS VALUABLE FOR A NUMBER OF REASONS. f-iRST OF ALL/ ThE BOOKS WH-iCH tR-iJANG r-iNPOCHE CHOSE TO COLLECT OBV-iOUSLY REPRESENTED TO H-iM ThE MOST -iMPORTANT TEXTS FOR A SCHOLAR OF CLASS-iCAL bUDDH-iST PH-iLOSOPHY. tHE CATALOG ThEREFORE CAN ACT AS A VERY AUThOR-iTAT-iVE GU-iDE TO BU-iLD-iNG A S-iM-iLAR L-iBRARY/ AND -iN FACT ThE CURRENT FACULTY OF sERA mEY t-iBETAN uN-iVERS-iTY -iS UT-iL-iZ-iNG -iT -iN Th-iS MANNER TO CREATE A CORE COLLECT-iON FOR ThE-iR NEW PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL RESEARCH L-iBRARY. sECONDLY/ ThE COLLECT-iON -iNCLUDES A NUMBER OF RARE WOODBLOCK AND HANDWR-iTTEN MANUSCR-iPTS ThAT CAN HOPEFULLY BE REPR-iNTED OR -iNPUT FOR BOTh PRESERVAT-iON AND W-iDER AVA-iLAB-iL-iTY. fOR EXAMPLE/ acip STAFF USED ThE CATALOG TO F-iND -iN ThE r-iNPOCHE'S COLLECT-iON A COPY OF ThE sTEPS OF ThE tEACH-iNG (BStAN-R-iM CHEN-MO)/ WR-iTTEN BY gEShE dROLUNGPA (DgE-BShES gRO-LUNG-PA)/ AN -iMPORTANT F-iGURE FROM ThE EARLY kADAMPA SCHOOL OF t-iBETAN PH-iLOSOPHERS -iN ThE OPEN-iNG YEARS OF Th-iS M-iLLENN-iUM. tH-iS TEXT -iS SA-iD TO HAVE BEEN ThE MODEL FOR ThE sTEPS OF ThE pATh (lAM-R-iM CHEN-MO)/ COMPOSED -iN ThE F-iFTEENTh CENTURY BY jE tSONGKAPA AND CONS-iDERED BY MANY SCHOLARS TO BE ThE GREATEST PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL WORK EVER WR-iTTEN -iN t-iBETAN. gEShE dROLUNGPA'S EARLY WORK HAD BEEN M-iSS-iNG FOR MANY YEARS AFTER ThE DESTRUCT-iON OF ThE L-iBRAR-iES OF t-iBET/ UNT-iL A COPY WAS LOCATED AMONG ThE L-iTTLE-KNOWN bUDDH-iST COLLECT-iONS OF bURYAT-iYA/ -iN s-iBER-iA. wE DO NOT KNOW HOW OR WHEN tR-iJANG r-iNPOCHE OBTA-iNED H-iS COPY/ BUT -iT WAS EXC-iT-iNG TO LEARN ThAT A SECOND PR-iNT WAS AVA-iLABLE/ WH-iCH W-iLL CERTA-iNLY FAC-iL-iTATE ThE EVENTUAL REPUBL-iCAT-iON OF Th-iS S-iZABLE TEXT (SOME 550 WOODBLOCK FOL-iOS LONG). tHE COPY FOUND -iS -iN EXCELLENT COND-iT-iON/ AND ThE CARV-iNG VERY LEG-iBLE. sCHOLARS WHO STUDY ThE r-iNPOCHE'S CATALOG MAY F-iND OThER -iMPORTANT WORKS AS WELL. tHE F-iNAL PO-iNT OF -iNTEREST -iN ThE r-iNPOCHE'S COLLECT-iON -iS HOW HE ORGAN-iZED H-iS COLLECT-iONaH SCHOLARS FROM ThE T-iME OF bUTON r-iNCHEN dRUP -iN ThE EARLY 1300S UP TO ThE CATALOG-iNG P-iONEERS OF ThE tOHOKU uN-iVERS-iTY cATALOG/ e. gENE sM-iTh/ AND ThE NAT-iVE KEEPERS OF t-iBETAN COLLECT-iONS -iN PRESENT T-iMES HAVE STRUGGLED W-iTh ThE QUEST-iON OF HOW TO STRUCTURE Th-iS -iMMENSE BODY OF L-iTERATURE/ ThOUGHT TO -iNCLUDE SOME 20/000 SEPARATE WORKS ON EVERY -iMAG-iNABLE SUBJECT OF PH-iLOSOPHY. iT WOULD BE D-iFF-iCULT TO F-iND A MORE EM-iNENT AND -iNQU-iS-iT-iVE SCHOLAR ThAN tR-iJANG r-iNPOCHE/ AND MUCH CAN BE LEARNED BY A CAREFUL REV-iEW OF HOW HE HAS ORGAN-iZED H-iS OWN COLLECT-iON; WH-iCH BOOKS WERE WRAPPED TOGEThER TO CONST-iTUTE A S-iM-iLAR SUB-CATEGORY/ AND WH-iCH GROUPS OF BOOKS HE FELT WARRANTED ThE-iR OWN t-iBETAN LETTER/ DES-iGNAT-iNG A S-iM-iLAR SUBJECT CATEGORY. iNTERNAT-iONAL aS-iAN sCHOLARS dATABASE acip -iN ThE FEW YEARS S-iNCE -iTS -iNCEPT-iON HAS RECE-iVED A DELUGE OF CORRESPONDENCE FROM SCHOLARS OF aS-iA -iN SOME 40 COUNTR-iES/ WH-iCH -iS JUST ABOUT ANYWHERE ThAT PERSONAL COMPUTERS ARE USED. wE HAVE SUPPL-iED WELL OVER 5/000 D-iSKETTES OF DATA/ AND PROV-iDE OThER COMPL-iMENTARY SERV-iCES SUCH AS TECHN-iCAL ADV-iCE AND NAT-iVE SCR-iPT PR-iNT-iNG. aS A RESULT ThE pROJECT HAS BU-iLT UP A RAThER LARGE DATABASE OF ThE NAMES/ ADDRESSES/ PHONE NUMBERS/ AND FAX NUMBERS OF -iNTERESTED SCHOLARS WORLDW-iDE. tWO YEARS AGO ThE pROJECT BEGAN REQUEST-iNG PERM-iSS-iON FROM -iTS CORRESPONDENTS TO -iNCLUDE ThE-iR -iNFORMAT-iON -iN A DATABASE ThAT WOULD BE PROV-iDED FREE OF CHARGE TO ALL acip USERS/ AND UPDATED W-iTh EACH RELEASE. tHE F-iRST -iNSTALMENT OF Th-iS iNTERNAT-iONAL aS-iAN sCHOLARS dATABASE APPEARS HERE -iN rELEASE tHREE/ UNDER ThE F-iLE NUMBER r1001. tHE F-iLE/ L-iKE ALL acip DATA/ -iS -iN A FLAT ascii FORMAT AND CAN ThEREFORE BE SEARCHED W-iTh ALMOST ANY WORD PROCESSOR OR OThER ED-iT-iNG PROGRAM/ AS WELL AS W-iTh ThE l-iST OR sEEKEASY PROGRAMS PROV-iDED W-iTh EVERY acip RELEASE TO DATE. wE SUGGEST ThAT YOU KEEP ThE F-iLE -iN A HANDY D-iRECTORY ON YOUR HOME OR LAPTOP COMPUTER/ AND USE -iT TO CALL UP ThE ADDRESS OR NUMBER OF ANY COLLEAGUE WORLDW-iDE WHOM YOU W-iSh TO WR-iTE OR PHONE. iT -iS acip'S HOPE ThAT ThE iNTERNAT-iONAL aS-iAN sCHOLARS dATABASE W-iLL FAC-iL-iTATE -iNTERACT-iON AND COOPERAT-iON BETWEEN SCHOLARS OF Th-iS -iMPORTANT BODY OF L-iTERATURE WORLDW-iDE. aS-iAN gRAPH-iCS -iN rELEASE tHREE acip -iS VERY PLEASED TO ANNOUNCE ThE RELEASE OF -iTS F-iRST -iNSTALMENT OF ThE aS-iAN cLASS-iCS gRAPH-iCS l-iBRARY. eVER S-iNCE acip BEGAN RELEAS-iNG DATA FROM WOODBLOCK PR-iNTS WE HAVE BEEN CONS-iDER-iNG WAYS TO -iNCLUDE AS WELL ThE EXQU-iS-iTE L-iNE DRAW-iNGS ThAT ARE OFTEN CARVED ONTO ThE XYLOGRAPH BLOCK/ NORMALLY DEP-iCT-iNG ThE AUThOR OF ThE TEXT AND ThE GREAT PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL MASTERS WHO PRECEDED H-iM -iN H-iS PART-iCULAR SCHOOL OR F-iELD OF PH-iLOSOPHY. s-iNCE ThE pH-iLOSOPH-iCAL d-iCT-iONARY -iN rELEASE tHREE -iS PROV-iD-iNG DATA FOR ThE m-iDDLE-wAY OR mADHYAM-iKA SYSTEM OF aS-iAN PH-iLOSOPHY/ WE HAVE SELECTED A SER-iES OF 11 WOODBLOCK -iMAGES ThAT ShOW ThE GREAT Th-iNKERS OF Th-iS SCHOOL OVER H-iSTORY. tHESE -iMAGES WERE SCANNED -iN FROM A FAMOUS ED-iT-iON OF ThE 8/000 wERSES ON ThE pERFECT-iON OF w-iSDOM (BRgYAD-STONG-PA/ OR aSTASAHASR-iKA)/ A PRESENTAT-iON OF m-iDDLE-wAY PH-iLOSOPHY G-iVEN BY sHAKYAMUN-i bUDDHA -iN 500 bc. tHE ED-iT-iON CONTA-iNS 577 XYLOGRAPH FOL-iOS AND ACCORD-iNG TO ThE COLOPHON WAS CARVED -iN ThE wOOD-hORSE YEAR OF ThE 16Th cYCLE (1954) AT lHASA/ UNDER ThE SPONSORSh-iP OF d-iNGR-iWA cHUKY-i gYALTSEN (d-iNG-R-i-BA cHOS-KY-i RGYAL-MTSAN) OF sHELKAR dZONG (sHEL-DKAR RDZONG). aCCORD-iNG TO ThE l-iBRARY OF cONGRESS L-iST-iNGS/ HE WAS BORN -iN 1897. eACH FOL-iO OF ThE ED-iT-iON CONTA-iNS A PA-iR OF WOODCARVED -iMAGES/ AND ThE ENT-iRE COLLECT-iON TRACES H-iSTOR-iCALLY ThE L-iNEAGES ThROUGH WH-iCH SPEC-iF-iC SCHOOLS HAVE DEVELOPED OVER ThE CENTUR-iES. fROM ThE STYLE OF ThE CARV-iNGS -iT WOULD SEEM ThAT A NUMBER OF D-iFFERENT ART-iSTS CONTR-iBUTED; ThE FORMS RANGE FROM ORThODOX DEP-iCT-iONS OF bUDDHAS TO p-iCASSO-L-iKE -iNTERPRETAT-iONS OF GREAT MED-iEVAL MASTERS. aFTER SCANN-iNG/ A GREAT DEAL OF COMPUTER ED-iT-iNG WORK WAS REQU-iRED TO REMOVE EXTRANEOUS -iNK MARKS AND SO ON. tH-iS WORK WAS ACCOMPL-iShED BY mS. bARBARA tAYLOR OF ThE acip wASh-iNGTON aREA oFF-iCE/ W-iTh SOME ASS-iSTANCE FROM mR. rOBERT lACEY. tHE EQU-iPMENT USED WAS A lOG-iTECH sCANMAN AND ThE aNSEL GRAPH-iCS ED-iT-iNG PACKAGE/ ALSO FROM lOG-iTECH. tHERE ARE OVER 1/000 -iMAGES FROM Th-iS ONE TEXT ST-iLL TO BE -iNPUT AND TOUCHED UP; acip WOULD BE HAPPY TO PROV-iDE ThE NECESSARY PROGRAMS AND ADV-iCE TO ANY VOLUNTEER WHO WOULD L-iKE TO ASS-iST. wE ARE ALSO AWARE ThAT -iND-iV-iDUALS AROUND ThE WORLD HAVE BEEN SCANN-iNG -iN S-iM-iLAR -iMAGES/ AND WE WOULD BE PLEASED TO RECE-iVE COP-iES ON D-iSK -iN ANY FORMAT/ ibm OR mAC-iNTOSh/ TO BE CONS-iDERED FOR -iNCLUS-iON -iN OUR FUTURE RELEASES/ W-iTh PROPER CRED-iT TO ThE CONTR-iBUTOR. a SECOND GROUP OF -iMAGES -iS SUPPL-iED WH-iCH CONS-iSTS OF A SELECT-iON OF SOME 28 TRAD-iT-iONAL AUSP-iC-iOUS SYMBOLS SUCH AS VASES/ ANGELS/ OR M-iRRORS/ OFTEN USED AS ORNAMENTS -iN t-iBETAN PR-iNT-iNG. tHESE P-iCTURES WERE SCANNED -iN FROM A S-iNGLE ShEET MEASUR-iNG 10" X 15.25"/ PR-iNTED ON iND-iAN PAPER -iN GOLD-COLORED -iNK AND PUBL-iShED AT ThE sERA mEY uN-iVERS-iTY pR-iNT-iNG pRESS -iN ABOUT 1989. tHE -iMAGES APEAR TO BE COP-iES OF EARLY TRAD-iT-iONAL WOODBLOCK PR-iNTS FROM t-iBET/ ARRANGED SOMEWHAT ARB-iTRAR-iLY ON A ThE PAGE. tHERE ARE SEVERAL STANDARD FORMATS FOR GRAPH-iCS -iMAGES/ AND acip HAS UT-iL-iZED WHAT WE BEL-iEVE TO BE ThE CLOSEST TO A UN-iVERSAL STANDARDH ThE pcx FORMAT. gRAPH-iCS F-iLES -iN Th-iS FORMAT CAN BE UT-iL-iZED W-iTh MOST MAJOR WORD PROCESS-iNG PROGRAMS/ WH-iCH MEANS ThAT AN acip USER CAN -iMPORT ThE -iMAGE -iNTO A DOCUMENT OR BOOK ON SUBJECTS RELAT-iNG TO aS-iAN PH-iLOSOPHY. wORD PROCESS-iNG PROGRAMS L-iKE wORDpERFECT EVEN ANALYZE ThE -iMAGE AS -iT ENTERS ThE DOCUMENT/ AND SUPPLY AN APPROPR-iATE FRAME W-iTh ThE CORRECT D-iMENS-iONS AUTOMAT-iCALLY. acip HAS GONE ONE MORE STEP AND SUPPL-iES W-iTh rELEASE tHREE A COPY OF ThE ShAREWARE PROGRAM gRAPH-iCS wORKShOP/ A PRODUCT OF aLCHEMY m-iNDWORKS iNC OF oNTAR-iO/ cANADA. tHE F-iRM HAS ALLOWED acip TO SUPPLY COP-iES TO OUR USERS/ AND WE REQUEST ThAT -iF YOU F-iND ThE PROGRAM USEFUL YOU FOLLOW ThE -iNSTRUCT-iONS FOR SUBM-iTT-iNG ThE REG-iSTRAT-iON FEE -iND-iCATED -iN ThE PROGRAM'S DOCUMENTAT-iON F-iLE. w-iTh gRAPH-iCS wORKShOP/ AN acip USER CAN NOT ONLY V-iEW ThE F-iLE BUT ALSO PR-iNT -iT OUT/ AND CONVERT -iT TO OThER STANDARD GRAPH-iCS FORMATS FOR USE -iN PROGRAMS ThAT REQU-iRE ThEM. oNE NOTE TO USERSH ThE wORKShOP MAN-iPULATES F-iLES TO ACH-iEVE SOME OF -iTS RESULTS/ AND acip HAS NOTED A FEW BUGS -iN Th-iS PROCESS ThAT CAN CHANGE ThE OR-iG-iNAL F-iLES. wE SUGGEST ThAT YOU ALWAYS MAKE A BACK-UP COPY OF A F-iLE BEFORE UT-iL-iZ-iNG ThE PROGRAM TO V-iEW OR CHANGE AN -iMAGE. sTART ThE PROGRAM BY TYP-iNG "gws" FOLLOWED BY ThE "ENTER" KEY -iN ThE D-iRECTORY WH-iCH CONTA-iNS -iT. tO GET ADD-iT-iONAL -iNSTRUCT-iONS/ TYPE A QUEST-iON MARK AND H-iT ThE "ENTER" KEY FOR HELP. tYPE ThE LETTER "P" (FOR PATh) AND H-iT ThE ENTRY KEY TO TELL ThE PROGRAM ThE D-iRECTORY WHERE YOU HAVE PUT ThE GRAPH-iCS F-iLES/ ThEN CHOOSE ThE F-iLE YOU W-iSh TO V-iEW. cOMPUTER pROGRAMS -iN rELEASE tHREE rELEASE tHREE HAS A GOOD NUMBER OF COMPUTER PROGRAMS ThAT COME ALONG W-iTh ThE DATA D-iSKS/ AND PROV-iDE acip USERS W-iTh EFFECT-iVE TOOLS FOR GETT-iNG ThE MOST FROM RELEASE. t-iBeASYH acip'S aS-iAN-sCR-iPT w-iEW AND sEARCH pROGRAM mANY SCHOLARS WHO RECE-iVED ThE F-iRST TWO RELEASES FROM acip WROTE BACK REQUEST-iNG -iNFORMAT-iON ON COMPUTER PROGRAMS FOR V-iEW-iNG AND SEARCH-iNG ThE DATA -iN ThE NAT-iVE SCR-iPTS/ RAThER ThAN -iN ThE STANDARD TRANSCR-iPT-iONS. acip'S POL-iCY HAS BEEN TO PROV-iDE DATA -iN A PLA-iN ascii TRANSCR-iPT-iON ThAT CAN BE READ ON ANY ibm-COMPAT-iBLE COMPUTER WORLDW-iDE/ W-iThOUT ANY SPEC-iAL PROGRAMS OR HARDWARE REQU-iREMENTS. wE ARE PLEASED TO ANNOUNCE ThAT mR. eDWARD sOFTKY OF nEW jERSEY/ usa/ HAS PRESENTED ThE pROJECT W-iTh A SPEC-iALLY DES-iGNED PROGRAM/ NAMED t-iBeASY/ WH-iCH ALLOWS USERS TO V-iEW AND SEARCH acip DATA D-iRECTLY W-iThOUT PURCHAS-iNG ANY ADD-iT-iONAL SOFTWARE OR EQU-iPMENT. acip EXPECTS ThAT Th-iS NEW PROGRAM W-iLL OPEN UP ThE pROJECT'S WORK TO A WHOLE NEW GROUP OF USERS/ ESPEC-iALLY TO OLDER NAT-iVE t-iBETAN SCHOLARS WHO ARE UNABLE TO WORK W-iTh ThE LANGUAGE -iN TRANSCR-iPT-iON. acip USERS ShOULD NOTE ThAT ThE VERS-iON OF t-iBEASY PRESENTED -iN Th-iS RELEASE -iS AN ALPHA OR TEST VERS-iON ONLY. tHE PROGRAM -iS COMPLETELY NEW/ AND WE ARE ASK-iNG YOU TO HELP US TEST -iT OUT AND F-iND OUT WHAT "BUGS" -iT HAS. acip STAFF HAVE SPENT MANY HOURS REF-iN-iNG ThE PROGRAM/ BUT WE WOULD L-iKE TO HEAR YOUR REACT-iON TO -iT/ AND ANY PROBLEMS YOU F-iND. tHE PROGRAM PRESENTLY WORKS ONLY FOR V-iEW-iNG AND SEARCH-iNG CLASS-iCAL t-iBETAN SCR-iPT/ ALThOUGH YOU W-iLL F-iND ThAT YOU CAN ALSO V-iEW ThE rOMAN TRANSCR-iPT-iON ALONG W-iTh ThE t-iBETAN -iF YOU W-iSh/ BY US-iNG ThE "TRANSCR-iPT-iON" OPT-iON. aLThOUGH t-iBeASY -iS TECHN-iCALLY A dos AND NOT A w-iNDOWS PROGRAM/ -iT COMES UP ON ThE SCREEN W-iTh AN ATTRACT-iVE LOOK L-iKE w-iNDOWS/ AND ALSO UT-iL-iZES ThE SAME COMMAND FORMAT. tHE PROGRAM WAS PURPOSELY DES-iGNED TO F-iT -iN A VERY SMALL AMOUNT OF D-iSK SPACE/ AND -iS EXCELLENT FOR LAPTOPS OR OThER COMPUTERS W-iTh L-iM-iTED MEMORY. tHE PROGRAM CAN BE USED E-iThER W-iTh A MOUSE/ BY CL-iCK-iNG ON ThE APPROPR-iATE SELECT-iONS/ OR W-iTh A KEYBOARD ONLY/ BY US-iNG ThE VAR-iOUS COMMANDS CLEARLY OUTL-iNED -iN ThE "hELP" SCREEN. tO BEG-iN t-iBeASY/ JUST -iNSERT ThE D-iSK W-iTh ThE PROGRAM AND TYPE "tibez" FOLLOWED BY ThE "ENTER" KEY AT ThE PROMPT. tHEN FOLLOW ThE D-iRECT-iONS TO USE ThE PROGRAM. mR. sOFTKY HAS -iNCLUDED A VERY USEFUL SEARCH FUNCT-iON/ WH-iCH CAN F-iND BOTh EXACT MATCHES OF TEXT AND ALSO "FUZZY" OR APPROX-iMATE MATCHES/ WH-iCHEVER ThE USER REQUESTS. a "GO TO" FUNCT-iON TAKES YOU AUTOMAT-iCALLY TO A PART-iCULAR PAGE OR WOODBLOCK FOL-iO NUMBER OF ThE OR-iG-iNAL TEXT. t-iBeASY -iS DES-iGNED TO BE A S-iMPLE aS-iAN-SCR-iPT V-iEWER AND SEARCH-iNG PROGRAM/ BUT NOT TO REPLACE ThE MORE POWERFUL/ FULL-FUNCT-iON COMMERC-iAL PROGRAMS DESCR-iBED BELOW. iT DOES NOT CURRENTLY ALLOW PR-iNT-iNG OF ThE TEXT/ ALThOUGH WE HOPE TO ADD Th-iS CAPAB-iL-iTY -iN ThE NEAR FUTURE. tHE CHARACTERS ON ThE SCREEN ARE MEANT TO BE LARGE AND H-iGHLY READABLE/ ESPEC-iALLY TO NAT-iVE SCHOLARS (WHO OFTEN HAVE QU-iTE POOR EYES-iGHT/ DUE TO YEARS OF READ-iNG TEXTS -iN POOR L-iGHT-iNG)/ AND ThEY WERE NOT DRAWN W-iTh AESThET-iCS -iN M-iND. acip HOPES TO ADD A BAS-iC eNGL-iSh AND sANSKR-iT V-iEW-iNG CAPAB-iL-iTY -iN ThE NEAR FUTURE; -iN ThE MEANT-iME/ USERS MUST RESTR-iCT ThEMSELVES TO acip t-iBETAN-LANGUAGE DATA. acip WOULD L-iKE TO EXPRESS -iTS S-iNCERE ThANKS TO mR. sOFTKY FOR H-iS SK-iLLED AND UNSELF-iSh CONTR-iBUT-iON TO ThE CAUSE OF PRESERV-iNG AND D-iSSEM-iNAT-iNG ThE CLASS-iCAL KNOWLEDGE OF aS-iA. sUGGEST-iONS FOR -iMPROV-iNG ThE PROGRAM/ AND COMMENTS ON ANY "BUGS" FOUND/ MAY BE D-iRECTED TO ThE acip wASh-iNGTON-AREA OFF-iCE AT ThE ADDRESS L-iSTED AT ThE FRONT OF Th-iS BROCHURE. l-iST w-iEW-iNG AND sEARCH-iNG pROGRAM acip HAS ALSO -iNCLUDED -iN rELEASE tHREE AN UPDATED VERS-iON OF l-iST/ A rOMAN-TEXT V-iEW-iNG AND SEARCH PROGRAM WH-iCH -iS GENERALLY CONS-iDERED ONE OF ThE F-iNEST P-iECES OF ShAREWARE EVER WR-iTTEN. tHE PROGRAM -iS EXTREMELY FAST AND -iNTU-iT-iVE/ AND USERS OF acip DATA WHO CAN READ ThE rOMAN TRANSCR-iPT-iON FLUENTLY MAY PREFER TO USE -iT RAThER ThAN t-iBeASY. oNE GREAT ADVANTAGE OF l-iST OVER EVEN ThE MUCH MORE EXPENS-iVE COMMERC-iAL WORD-PROCESS-iNG PROGRAMS -iS ThE AB-iL-iTY TO SPEC-iFY ThE EXACT UPPER OR LOWER CASE DUR-iNG A SEARCH. aGA-iN/ acip REQUESTS ThAT ANY USER WHO F-iNDS ThE PROGRAM OF VALUE READ ThE ACCOMPANY-iNG -iNSTRUCT-iONS FOR REG-iSTER-iNG H-iS COPY/ WH-iCH ALSO BR-iNGS ThE BENEF-iTS OF A DETA-iLED MANUAL AND PHONE SUPPORT. sTART ThE PROGRAM BY TYP-iNG "list" FOLLOWED BY ThE "ENTER" KEY/ FROM ThE D-iRECTORY WHERE YOU HAVE PUT ThE PROGRAM. gRAPH-iCS wORKShOP tHE PROGRAM gRAPH-iCS wORKShOP HAS BEEN DESCR-iBED ABOVE ON PAGE 16; -iT ALLOWS V-iEW-iNG/ CONVERS-iON/ AND PR-iNT-iNG OF ThE acip GRAPH-iCS F-iLES CONTA-iN-iNG WOODBLOCK CARV-iNGS OF VAR-iOUS -iMAGES AND -iMPORTANT PERSONAGES -iN ThE PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL TRAD-iT-iON OF aS-iA. yOU CAN START ThE PROGRAM BY -iNSERT-iNG ThE D-iSK MARKED "gRAPH-iCS wORKShOP/" ENTER-iNG ThE CORRECT D-iRECTORY/ AND TYP-iNG "gws" FOLLOWED BY ThE "ENTER" KEY. pLEASE SUBM-iT ThE REQUESTED REG-iSTRAT-iON FEE TO ThE DEVELOPERS OF ThE PROGRAM -iF YOU F-iND -iT USEFUL. sEEKEASY sEARCH pROGRAM tHE sEEKEASY TEXT SEARCH PROGRAM PROV-iDED -iN EARL-iER RELEASES HAS BEEN UPDATED BY -iTS DEVELOPERS/ AND acip HAS -iNCLUDED Th-iS MORE POWERFUL VERS-iON -iN rELEASE tHREE. aGA-iN/ WE REQUEST ThAT YOU FOLLOW ThE -iNSTRUCT-iONS -iN ThE PROGRAM FOR REG-iSTRAT-iON -iF YOU F-iND ThAT YOU USE -iT FREQUENTLY. grep sEARCH pROGRAMS tHE grep SEARCH UT-iL-iTY WAS OR-iG-iNALLY DEVELOPED FOR USE ON ThE unix PLATFORM/ WH-iCH OVER ThE YEARS HAS BEEN PREFERRED BY MANY ADVANCED DEVELOPERS TO dos AND OThER SYSTEMS. iN rELEASE tHREE/ acip -iS -iNCLUD-iNG TWO D-iFFERENT VERS-iONS (grep AND egrep) OF Th-iS PROGRAM/ WH-iCH L-iKE ThE F-iNE gOFER SEARCH TOOL ALLOWS VAR-iOUS PARAMETERS SUCH AS "E-iThER A OR B" TO BE SPEC-iF-iED -iN ThE SEARCH. tHESE COMMANDS MUST BE TYPED -iN AT ThE COMMAND L-iNE AND ARE ThEREFORE LESS CONVEN-iENT ThAN ThE TOGGLE SW-iTCHES OF gOFER/ BUT ThE grep PROGRAMS ARE ShAREWARE/ WHEREAS gOFER -iS COMMERC-iAL SOFTWARE AND MUST BE PURCHASED (MORE -iNFORMAT-iON ON gOFER FOLLOWS BELOW ON PAGE 34). tHE grep PROGRAMS ALSO PERM-iT MORE SOPH-iST-iCATED LOG-iCAL STATMENTS ThAN ANY OF ThE OThER SEARCH UT-iL-iT-iES WE HAVE REV-iEWED. mR. jOHN mALPAS/ acip CH-iEF PROGRAMMER/ HAS ADDED S-iM-iLAR AND MORE POWERFUL ROUT-iNES TO acip'S -iN-HOUSE DATA ENTRY AND COMPAR-iSON PROGRAMS/ AND WE HOPE TO UT-iL-iZE ThESE -iN GRAMMAR CHECK-iNG AND AUTOMATED TRANSLAT-iON APPL-iCAT-iONS. mORE ON Th-iS -iN ThE NEXT RELEASE. sTART ThE PROGRAMS BY TYP-iNG E-iThER "grep" OR "egrep/" FOLLOWED BY ThE "ENTER" KEY/ -iN ThE D-iRECTORY WHERE YOU HAVE PUT ThE PROGRAM. uPDATED mULT-iL-iNGUA sPELL-cHECKER iN rELEASE tWO/ acip PROV-iDED A VERY EFFECT-iVE SPELL-CHECKER NAMED mULT-iL-iNGUA/ WH-iCH CAN BE CUSTOM-iZED FOR ANY LANGUAGE ThAT CAN BE REPRESENTED -iN rOMAN TRANSCR-iPT-iON. acip SUPPL-iED ThE PROGRAM SET UP TO SPELL-CHECK t-iBETAN/ BASED ON A STANDARD L-iST OF WORDS FROM DATA RELEASED TO ThAT PO-iNT. tH-iS L-iST HAS BEEN UPDATED FOR rELEASE tHREE/ AND USERS ARE REM-iNDED ThAT BY FOLLOW-iNG ThE -iNSTRUCT-iONS PROV-iDED W-iTh ThE PROGRAM -iT CAN BE UT-iL-iZED TO PERFORM WORD-COUNTS OR S-iM-iLAR L-iNGU-iST-iC ANALYS-iS/ AS WELL AS H-iSTOR-iCAL CHECKS ThAT HELP DATE AND PLACE A TEXT/ OR ESTABL-iSh -iTS AUThOR/ BY LOAD-iNG -iN WORDS FROM TEXTS FOR WH-iCH Th-iS -iNFORMAT-iON HAS ALREADY BEEN ESTABL-iShED. dESP-iTE -iTS S-iMPL-iC-iTY/ ThE PROGRAM ThEREFORE HAS A TREMENDOUS CAPAC-iTY TO A-iD -iN TEXTUAL STUD-iES/ DEPEND-iNG ON ThE CREAT-iV-iTY OF ThE USER. aGA-iN PLEASE NOTE ThAT/ BY REG-iSTER-iNG Th-iS PROGRAM W-iTh -iTS DEVELOPER/ YOU W-iLL BE EL-iG-iBLE TO RECE-iVE FURThER DOCUMENTAT-iON AND/ MOREOVER/ AN EVEN MORE POWERFUL VERS-iON OF -iT. sTART ThE PROGRAM BY TYP-iNG "ml-d" FOLLOWED BY ThE "ENTER" KEY AFTER ENTER-iNG ThE D-iRECTORY WHERE YOU HAVE PUT ThE PROGRAM. pLEASE NOTE ThAT ThE PROGRAM W-iLL NOT WORK -iF ThE D-iSK YOU ARE US-iNG HAS BEEN WR-iTE- PROTECTED/ S-iNCE -iT W-iLL NOT BE ABLE TO ED-iT AT ThAT PO-iNT. uPDATED wORDpERFECT t-iBETAN pR-iNT-iNG mACROS acip rELEASE tWO -iNCLUDED SEVERAL MACROS/ OR RECORDED KEY SEQUENCES/ ThAT WERE WR-iTTEN BY acip STAFF AND AUTOMAT-iCALLY CONVERT ThE pROJECT'S DATA TO ThE NECESSARY TRANSCR-iPT-iON SYSTEM REQU-iRED FOR PR-iNT-iNG AND V-iEW-iNG t-iBETAN SCR-iPT W-iTh ThE t-iBETAN! PROGRAM--WH-iCH -iS DESCR-iBED BELOW AND WORKS W-iTh ThE POPULAR wORDpERFECT WORD-PROCESS-iNG PROGRAM. oNE OF ThE MACROS (aLT-t) MAKES ThE NECESSARY CONVERS-iON/ WH-iLE ThE OThER (aLT-s) -iNSERTS A SET OF COMMANDS WH-iCH PUT ThE DOCUMENT -iNTO ThE STANDARD FORMAT WH-iCH acip HAS DEVELOPED FOR PUBL-iSh-iNG aS-iAN CLASS-iCS -iN BOOK FORM. bOTh OF ThESE MACROS HAVE BEEN UPDATED TO WORK W-iTh ThE LATEST VERS-iON (3.50) OF ThE t-iBETAN! PROGRAM/ AND ALSO TO -iMPROVE ThE-iR USAB-iL-iTY ON COMPUTERS W-iTh D-iFFERENT wORDpERFECT SET-UPS. tHESE MACRO F-iLES MUST BE COP-iED TO YOUR wORDpERFECT PROGRAM D-iRECTORY AND ARE -iNVOKED L-iKE ANY OThER wp MACRO. xtREE f-iLE mANAGEMENT pROGRAM acip -iS VERY PLEASED TO PROV-iDE W-iTh Th-iS RELEASE A DEMONSTRAT-iON COPY OF ThE xtREE F-iLE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM. xtREE -iS ONE OF ThE MOST USEFUL PROGRAMS A USER OF ThE pROJECT'S DATA COULD HAVE/ S-iNCE -iT -iNCLUDES UT-iL-iT-iES FOR F-iLE COPY-iNG/ MOV-iNG/ DELET-iNG/ V-iEW-iNG/ SEARCH-iNG/ AND MUCH ELSE/ ALL -iN ONE SL-iM PACKAGE ThAT REQU-iRES VERY L-iTTLE MEMORY. tHE COPY -iNCLUDED -iN ThE RELEASE -iS MEANT TO ACQUA-iNT USERS W-iTh ThE PROGRAM/ AND AGA-iN WE HOPE ThAT -iF YOU F-iND -iT USEFUL YOU W-iLL FOLLOW ThE -iNSTRUCT-iONS FOR OBTA-iN-iNG A REG-iSTERED COPY. tO START ThE PROGRAM/ ENTER ThE PROPER D-iRECTORY AND TYPE "XTREE" FOLLOWED BY ThE "ENTER" KEY. uS-iNG acip dATA W-iTh dos AND w-iNDOWS acip ANT-iC-iPATES ThAT A NUMBER OF -iTS USERS OVER ThE PAST YEAR MAY HAVE SW-iTCHED OVER FROM ThE TRAD-iT-iONAL dos OPERAT-iNG SYSTEM TO w-iNDOWS/ WH-iCH HAS ALREADY GA-iNED TREMENDOUS POPULAR-iTY. w-iLL acip DATA ST-iLL WORK ON Th-iS NEW PLATFORM? tHE ANSWER -iS "YES"H BECAUSE ALL ThE pROJECT'S DATA -iS RELEASED -iN STANDARD ascii FORMAT/ -iT WORKS F-iNE W-iTh w-iNDOWS AND FOR PROGRAMS WR-iTTEN FOR w-iNDOWS. rEADERS CAN EVEN V-iEW AND SEARCH acip DATA W-iTh ThE w-iNDOWS OPERAT-iNG SYSTEM -iTSELF/ BY UT-iL-iZ-iNG ThE BAS-iC WORD PROCESSOR CALLED wR-iTE/ WH-iCH -iS -iNCLUDED W-iTh EACH COPY OF ThE SYSTEM. wHEN w-iNDOWS -iS LOADED ONTO A SYSTEM/ wR-iTE -iS AUTOMAT-iCALLY COP-iED TO ThE "aCCESSOR-iES" FOLDER. tO USE -iT/ CL-iCK YOUR MOUSE ON Th-iS FOLDER AND ThEN CL-iCK ON ThE wR-iTE -iCON. sELECT ThE D-iSK DR-iVE WHERE YOU HAVE ThE acip DATA AND ThEN SELECT ThE OPT-iON "ALL F-iLES" FOR ThE "F-iLE TYPE" BOX/ WH-iCH W-iLL BR-iNG UP A L-iST OF ALL ThE F-iLES AVA-iLABLE. bEFORE ThE F-iLE -iS OPENED/ YOU W-iLL BE ASKED WHEThER wR-iTE ShOULD CONVERT YOUR F-iLE TO ThE PROPR-iETARY wR-iTE F-iLE FORMAT. aNSWER "NO" TO Th-iS QUEST-iON/ S-iNCE -iF ThE F-iLE -iS CONVERTED TO ThE NEW FORMAT -iT W-iLL NO LONGER BE A STRA-iGHT ascii F-iLE/ AND MAY NOT RUN -iN OThER PROGRAMS AFTER ThAT. tHE F-iLE W-iLL ThEN COME UP AND CAN BE CONVEN-iENTLY V-iEWED OR SEARCHED. tHE SEARCH FUNCT-iON -iS VERY BAS-iC AND ALLOWS NO bOOLEAN OR "E-iThER-OR" TYPE OF PARAMETERS/ BUT -iS QU-iTE SUFF-iC-iENT FOR MOST PURPOSES. mANY USERS MAY NOT BE AWARE ThAT RECENT VERS-iONS OF ThE UB-iQU-iTOUS dos OPERAT-iNG SYSTEM -iTSELF ALSO -iNCLUDE A BAS-iC WORD PROCESSOR CALLED ms-dos eD-iTOR/ WH-iCH -iS QU-iTE SUFF-iC-iENT FOR V-iEW-iNG AND SEARCH-iNG acip F-iLES. aT ThE dos PROMPT -iN ThE PROPER D-iRECTORY/ JUST TYPE ThE WORD "ED-iT" FOLLOWED BY A S-iNGLE SPACE AND ThEN ThE acip F-iLE NAME/ ALONG W-iTh -iTS EXTENS-iON; FOR EXAMPLE/ "td4089f.aci" -iF YOU W-iSh TO V-iEW ThE tREASURE hOUSE OF kNOWLEDGE/ WH-iCH WAS -iNCLUDED -iN rELEASE oNE. wHEN ThE TEXT COMES UP ON ThE SCREEN/ YOU CAN AGA-iN PERFORM BAS-iC SEARCH FUNCT-iONS US-iNG ThE "aLT-s" KEY COMB-iNAT-iON. ms-dOS eD-iTOR -iNCLUDES A USEFUL BAR AT ThE BOTTOM WH-iCH KEEPS YOU POSTED W-iTh ThE CURRENT L-iNE AND COLUMN NUMBER. iT ALSO HAS EXCELLENT FUNCT-iONS FOR BLOCK-iNG OUT SECT-iONS OF A TEXT AND PR-iNT-iNG ThEM/ OR MOV-iNG ThEM TO ANOThER F-iLE W-iTh ThE "PASTE" COMMAND. tHE BEST PART -iS/ YOU PROBABLY ALREADY HAVE ms-dOS eD-iTOR ON YOUR OWN COMPUTER! uPDATE ON aVA-iLABLE aS-iAN-lANGUAGE cOMPUTER pROGRAMS iN ThE DOCUMENTAT-iON TO rELEASE tWO/ acip PROV-iDED A DETA-iLED REV-iEW OF ALL ThE MAJOR PROGRAMS AVA-iLABLE FOR PR-iNT-iNG/ V-iEW-iNG/ AND CREAT-iNG F-iLES -iN t-iBETAN/ ThE PR-iNC-iPAL FORE-iGN LANGUAGE REPRESENTED SO FAR -iN ThE pROJECT'S DATA. sANSKR-iT PROGRAMS WERE ALSO L-iSTED/ ThOUGH NOT TESTED AND REV-iEWED BY acip. hERE WE WOULD L-iKE TO G-iVE SOME UPDATED -iNFORMAT-iON ON A NUMBER OF ThESE PROGRAMS. pLEASE NOTE ThAT acip -iS A NON-PROF-iT EFFORT AND ThAT ThE pROJECT MAKES NO COMMERC-iAL ENDORSEMENTS BEYOND PRESENT-iNG -iTS OP-iN-iON OF ThE RELAT-iVE STRENGThS OF EACH PRODUCT AVA-iLABLE. gENERALLY SPEAK-iNG/ WE SEE CERTA-iN TRENDS EMERG-iNG -iN ThE COMPUTER-iZAT-iON OF FORE-iGN SCR-iPTS. eFFORTS ARE UNDER WAY WORLDW-iDE TO STANDARD-iZE CODES BY WH-iCH ALL COMPUTER HARDWARE W-iLL BE ABLE TO REPRESENT ThE LETTERS OF ALL ThE MAJOR LANGUAGES OF ThE WORLD/ AND acip STAFF HAVE BEEN ASKED TO REV-iEW FOR EXAMPLE ThE t-iBETAN PROPOSAL FOR ThE uN-iCODE STANDARD. aNOThER EFFORT/ ON ThE mAC-iNTOSh PLATFORM/ -iS ThE wORLDsCR-iPTS PROJECT. wE CAN FORESEE -iN ThE NEAR FUTURE ThAT MANY MAJOR PROGRAMS FOR OPERAT-iNG SYSTEMS SUCH AS w-iNDOWS OR os(2 W-iLL PROBABLY -iNCORPORATE ThESE STANDARDS/ SO ThAT ThE ROUT-iNES FOR SEE-iNG AND PR-iNT-iNG FORE-iGN-LANGUAGE TEXT BECOME COMMONPLACE/ AND ThE MA-iN DEVELOPMENT WORK W-iLL COME -iN DRAW-iNG ADD-iT-iONAL FONTS. (aS OF PRESS T-iME/ acip HAS LEARNED ThAT ThE uN-iCODE PROPOSAL HAS BEEN TENTAT-iVELY ACCEPTED BY ThE iNTERNAT-iONAL sTANDARDS oRGAN-iZAT-iON/ iso. fOR MORE -iNFORMAT-iON ABOUT ThE t-iBETAN PART OF uN-iCODE/ CONTACT mR. gLEN aDAMS/ A MEMBER OF ThE CONCERNED COMM-iTTEE/ C(O mET-iS tECHNOLOGY/ 358 w-iNDSOR sTREET/ cAMBR-iDGE/ ma 02141/ usa/ TELEPHONE (617) 868-8010. fOR -iNFORMAT-iON ABOUT wORLDsCR-iPTS/ CONTACT dR. yOSh-iRO iMAEDA AT ThE ADDRESS L-iSTED BELOW -iN Th-iS SECT-iON ON PAGE 32.) iN ThE MEANT-iME WE SEE TWO BROAD APPROACHES TO WR-iT-iNG FORE-iGN-LANGUAGE WORD PROCESSORSH ONE -iN WH-iCH ThE AUThOR OF ThE PROGRAM ATTEMPTS TO WR-iTE ThE NECESSARY CODE FOR ThE VAR-iOUS FUNCT-iONS OF ThE PROCESSOR/ AND ANOThER WHERE ThE FORE-iGN-LANGUAGE CAPAC-iTY -iS S-iMPLY L-iNKED TO AN EX-iST-iNG MAJOR WORD PROCESSOR. wE ANT-iC-iPATE ThAT ThE FORMER APPROACH/ WH-iCH WAS COMMON -iN ThE P-iONEER-iNG DAYS OF FORE-iGN-LANGUAGE ED-iT-iNG/ W-iLL D-iE OUT/ EXCEPT W-iTh SMALL "CONVEN-iENCE" PROGRAMS SUCH AS t-iBeASY. aNOThER TREND -iS ThE -iNCREAS-iNG RESOLUT-iON AND DROP -iN PR-iCES OF LASER AND OThER TYPES OF PR-iNTERS. tHE LATEST OFFER-iNGS OF PRODUCTS -iN ThE LASER-PR-iNTER MARKET/ FOR EXAMPLE/ HAVE BROUGHT ThE RESOLUT-iON FROM 300 DOTS PER -iNCH UP TO 600 D.P.-i. eVEN AT 300 ThE OUTPUT WAS NEARLY AS GOOD TO ThE NAKED EYE AS MOST REGULAR PR-iNT-iNG/ WH-iCH HAS MADE SEND-iNG BOOKS OUT FOR TYPESETT-iNG OBSOLETE. mUCH OF ThE WORK OF ThE PR-iNT ShOP W-iLL NOW BE DONE AT HOME BY -iNCREAS-iNGLY SOPH-iST-iCATED USERS. oNE MORE BROAD Sh-iFT WE SEE -iS ThE BLURR-iNG OF ThE BORDER BETWEEN ThE mAC-iNTOSh AND ThE ibm-COMPAT-iBLE WORLDS; AND Th-iS -iS REFLECTED BELOW -iN ThE DESCR-iPT-iON OF ThE t-iBETAN FOR w-iNDOWS PROGRAM/ BROUGHT OVER FROM ThE mAC. aS ThE MACH-iNES BECOME MORE AND MORE ABLE TO ShARE EACH OThER'S PROGRAMS COMPLETELY/ USERS W-iLL BE ABLE TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF ThE STRONG PO-iNTS OF aS-iAN SCR-iPT PROGRAMS OR-iG-iNALLY WR-iTTEN FOR ThE PLATFORM ThAT ThEY LACK. a F-iNAL PATTERN WE SEE DEVELOP-iNG -iS ThE PROBLEM OF LONG-TERM SUPPORT FOR MOST OF ThE CURRENTLY AVA-iLABLE aS-iAN-FONT PROGRAMS. mOST WERE WR-iTTEN BY TALENTED AND DED-iCATED -iND-iV-iDUALS ATTEMPT-iNG TO PROV-iDE FOR ThE NEEDS OF A L-iM-iTED GROUP OF -iNTERESTED SCHOLARS/ WH-iCH MEANS ThAT COMMERC-iALLY ThE PROGRAMS ARE NOT USUALLY V-iABLE. tH-iS FACT EVENTUALLY MAKES -iT D-iFF-iCULT FOR MANY DEVELOPERS TO CONT-iNUE ThE-iR WORK/ AND S-iNCE ThE PROGRAM -iS NOT BACKED UP BY A COMPANY/ SUPPORT OR ASS-iSTANCE FOR ThE PROGRAM LASTS ONLY AS LONG AS ThE AUThOR -iS AVA-iLABLE AND ST-iLL -iNTERESTED. tHE SOLUT-iON -iS PROBABLY DUALH F-iRST OF ALL/ USERS ShOULD BE MORE W-iLL-iNG TO PAY PR-iCES FOR ThESE PROGRAMS ThAT ARE CLOSER TO TYP-iCAL COMMERC-iAL PROGRAM PR-iCES/ AND ThEREBY KEEP ThE DEVELOPERS -iN BUS-iNESS. dEVELOPERS ON ThE-iR PART ShOULD TRY TO CONS-iDER ThE-iR OWN -iMPERMANENCE AND SEEK MORE TO WORK -iN GROUPS/ OR COOPERATE W-iTh EX-iST-iNG COMMERC-iAL OR NON-PROF-iT ENTERPR-iSES/ TO ENSURE ThAT ThE-iR WORK CAN BE SUSTA-iNED -iN ThE LONG RUN. "t-iBETAN!" FROM ThE t-iBETAN cOMPUTER cOMPANY acip -iS BASED MA-iNLY ON ibm-COMPAT-iBLE PLATFORMS/ WH-iCH ARE USED BY SOME 90% OF OUR USERS WORLDW-iDE. tHE t-iBETAN! PROGRAM FROM ThE t-iBETAN cOMPUTER cOMPANY OF cOLORADO/ usa/ -iS ThE ibm-COMPAT-iBLE PROGRAM MOST UT-iL-iZED BY ThE pROJECT FOR -iTS -iN-HOUSE PUBL-iSh-iNG WORK/ PART-iCULARLY -iN ThE sERA mEY uN-iVERS-iTY tEXT sER-iES WH-iCH/ AS DESCR-iBED BELOW/ HAS REQU-iRED ThOUSANDS OF PAGES OF H-iGH-QUAL-iTY OUTPUT SU-iTABLE FOR OFFSET REPRODUCT-iON. tHE t-iBETAN! PROGRAM -iS P-iGGYBACKED ONTO ThE wORDpERFECT WORD-PROCESS-iNG PROGRAM/ WH-iCH -iS ONE OF ThE MOST POPULAR AND POWERFUL PROGRAMS OF -iTS K-iND AVA-iLABLE. tH-iS MEANS ThAT/ ONCE A USER HAS BEEN ABLE TO LEARN ThE MANY SOPH-iST-iCATED FEATURES ThAT ThE PROGRAM PROV-iDES/ HE CAN PRODUCE DOCUMENTS -iN t-iBETAN MUCH -iN ThE WAY ThAT eNGL-iSh ONES ARE. p-iGGYBACK-iNG ThOUGH DOES HAVE SOME DRAWBACKS/ S-iNCE ThE DEVELOPERS OF A SECONDARY PROGRAM ARE LOCKED -iNTO ThE PECUL-iAR-iT-iES OF ThE BASE PROGRAM. tHE DEVELOPERS OF t-iBETAN! STUD-iED acip'S OR-iG-iNAL REV-iEW OF ThE PRODUCT AND MADE MANY OF ThE CHANGES SUGGESTED. a STATUS L-iNE NOW REM-iNDS ThE USER ThAT HE -iS -iN t-iBETAN MODE/ AND ThE PROGRAM DROPS OUT OF t-iBETAN MODE WHENEVER A COMMAND -iS -iSSUEDH -iN ThE PREV-iOUS VERS-iON/ ThE COMMAND WOULD NOT BE RECOGN-iZED AND ThE MACH-iNE WOULD APPEAR TO HAVE FREEZED UP. hOWEVER WE WOULD L-iKE TO SEE ThE AB-iL-iTY TO PRODUCE A NEEDED CHARACTER W-iTh ThE "cONTROL-w" COMMAND (WH-iCH -iS OFTEN NECESSARY) AND RETURN TO ThE PROGRAM W-iThOUT DROPP-iNG OUT OF t-iBETAN MODE. tHERE ALSO SEEMS TO BE A BUG -iN ED-iT-iNG A t-iBETAN-LANGUAGE HEADER TO APPEAR AT ThE TOP OF A PAGE OF TEXTH ThE SCREEN BEG-iNS TO PRODUCE "GARBAGE" OR UN-iNTELL-iG-iBLE SYMBOLS/ AND -iT -iS -iMPOSS-iBLE TO RETURN TO NORMAL W-iThOUT RE-BOOT-iNG ThE COMPUTER AND LOS-iNG ThE MOST RECENT CHANGES -iNPUT. tHE LATEST VERS-iON OF ThE PROGRAM/ 3.50/ -iNCLUDES A NUMBER OF NEW TYPEFACES/ ThE F-iRST BE-iNG AN -iMPROVED VERS-iON OF ThE t-iBETAN mACH-iNE FONT/ WH-iCH WAS BASED ON ThE STANDARD MECHAN-iCAL TYPEFACE DEVELOPED -iN cALCUTTA DUR-iNG ThE EARLY PART OF Th-iS CENTURY. acip HAS PR-iNTED HUNDREDS OF PAGES OF NEW PUBL-iCAT-iONS W-iTh Th-iS -iMPROVED FONT AND FOUND ThE REACT-iON FROM NAT-iVE SCHOLARS TO BE VERY ENThUS-iAST-iC. a SAMPLE PAGE OF Th-iS OUTPUT -iS -iNCLUDED AT ThE BEG-iNN-iNG OF Th-iS BROCHURE. wERS-iON 3.50 ALSO -iNCLUDES A NEW FONT CALLED t-iBETAN cALL-iGRAPH-iC/ WH-iCH -iS AN ATTRACT-iVE ALTERNAT-iVE TO ThE t-iBETAN mACH-iNE. tHE B-iTMAPPED VERS-iONS OF ThE FONTS ARE NOW AVA-iLABLE -iN MORE PO-iNT S-iZES/ RANG-iNG FROM 18 UP TO 48. tHE PROGRAM ALSO NOW SUPPORTS SOME 400 OF ThE STACKS OF t-iBETAN LETTERS REQU-iRED FOR sANSKR-iT REPRESENTED -iN t-iBETAN TRANSL-iTERAT-iON/ ALThOUGH WE HAVE HAD SOME TROUBLE GETT-iNG ALL OF ThEM TO PR-iNT CORRECTLY. tHESE STACKS WERE CRAFTED AS SEPARATE CHARACTERS/ WH-iCH MAKES ThE-iR APPEARANCE FAR SUPER-iOR TO PROGRAMS WHERE ThE STACKS ARE AUTOMAT-iCALLY GENERATED BY P-iL-iNG UP ThE COMPOS-iTE LETTERS. bOTh OF ThE FONTS L-iSTED ABOVE ARE SA-iD TO BE AVA-iLABLE -iN pOSTSCR-iPT VERS-iONS/ BUT ThESE HAVE NOT BEEN RECE-iVED FOR EVALUAT-iON BY acip. aLThOUGH ThE NEW VERS-iON -iS A L-iTTLE MORE "USER FR-iENDLY" ThAN ThE OLD/ t-iBETAN! ST-iLL REQU-iRES A GOOD LEVEL OF COMPUTER EXPER-iENCE TO WORK W-iTh PROPER RESULTS. fOR EXAMPLE/ ThE USER MUST ST-iLL LEAVE ThE PROGRAM TO EXECUTE ThE "wpc" AND "wpcHECK" FUNCT-iONS ThAT ENABLE ThE CORRECT-iON AND CONVERS-iON OF TRANSCR-iPT-iON. wOWELS ARE ST-iLL NOT SEEN -iN ThE-iR PROPER PLACE D-iRECTLY UNDER OR OVER ThE CONSONANTS/ ALThOUGH ThERE -iS A "PR-iNT PREV-iEW" OPT-iON WH-iCH -iS NOT L-iKELY TO BE ACCESSED MUCH BY USERS UNDER A DEADL-iNE. tHE REQU-iRED S-iZE OF A TEXT F-iLE AND EXCRUC-iAT-iNG SLOWNESS OF ThE SEARCH FUNCT-iON ARE DRAWBACKS FOR ANYTh-iNG BUT ThE MOST POWERFUL HARDWARE. bUT PERHAPS ThE GREATEST PROBLEM W-iTh ThE NEW VERS-iON -iS ThAT L-iNES OF eNGL-iSh TEXT NO LONGER L-iNE UP AUTOMAT-iCALLY W-iTh ThE t-iBETAN/ BUT MUST BE LOWERED MANUALLY W-iTh ThE "ADVANCE DOWN" COMMAND. tH-iS ALL REQU-iRES A L-iTTLE MORE WORK AND EXPERT-iSE ThAN SUCH A PROGRAM ShOULD -iN ORDER TO REACH A GOOD NUMBER OF USERS. oUR REV-iEW OF ThE t-iBETAN! PROGRAM -iS A L-iTTLE MORE DETA-iLED AND CR-iT-iCAL ThAN ThOSE OF ThE OThER AVA-iLABLE PROGRAMS/ S-iMPLY BECAUSE WE USE -iT ON A CONSTANT BAS-iS HERE AT acip. iN OUR OP-iN-iON ThE PR-iNTED OUTPUT -iS ST-iLL UNMATCHED/ AND ThE PARTNERSh-iP W-iTh wORDpERFECT ALLOWS A LOT OF POWER. iNC-iDENTALLY/ acip HAS FOUND ThAT ThE hEWLETT pACKARD lASERjET SER-iES W-iTh RESOLUT-iON ENaHANCEMENT G-iVES AN EXCELLENT LEVEL OF CLAR-iTY (-iN FACT/ Th-iS ENT-iRE BROCHURE HAS BEEN PRODUCED W-iTh t-iBETAN! AND ThE d-iACR-iT-iCS PROGRAM ALSO AVA-iLABLE FROM ThE SAME COMPANY). tHE t-iBETAN cOMPUTER cOMPANY OFFERS A NUMBER OF ADD-iT-iONAL PROGRAMS FOR ALPHABET-iZ-iNG t-iBETAN AND SPELL-CHECK-iNG TEXTS CREATED W-iTh ThE BASE PROGRAM. iT ALSO OFFERS lASERtW-iN/ A S-iDE PROGRAM ThAT ALLOWS OUTPUT TO DOT-MATR-iX RAThER ThAN LASER PR-iNTERS/ ALThOUGH acip HAS NOT BEEN ABLE TO EVALUATE Th-iS FUNCT-iON FULLY. tHE COMPANY REPORTS ThAT -iT -iS NEAR TO COMPLET-iNG A w-iNDOWS VERS-iON OF ThE-iR t-iBETAN! PROGRAM/ AND EXPECTS TO RELEASE -iT -iN EARLY 1993. a mAC-iNTOSh VERS-iON OF ThE PROGRAM -iS UNDER DEVELOPMENT/ AS -iS A SPEC-iAL CONVERS-iON PROGRAM WH-iCH W-iLL ALLOW ThE USER TO FEED -iN acip DATA D-iRECTLY. (tHE PR-iNT-iNG MACROS SUPPL-iED BY acip/ DESCR-iBED ABOVE/ ALSO PERFORM Th-iS FUNCT-iON.) tHE t-iBETAN! AND -iTS S-iSTER PROGRAMS ARE EXPENS-iVE/ BUT WE FEEL ThEY ARE WORTh -iT FOR ORGAN-iZAT-iONS ThAT ARE DO-iNG A SER-iOUS AMOUNT OF t-iBETAN PR-iNT-iNG AND ARE DED-iCATED TO ibm-COMPAT-iBLE HARDWARE. pR-iCES AND ORDER-iNG -iNFORMAT-iON CAN BE OBTA-iNED FROM ThE t-iBETAN cOMPUTER cOMPANY AT TWO ADDRESSESH C(O mR. tONY dUFF/ 891 12Th sTREET/ bOULDER/ cOLORADO/ usa 80302/ PHONE (303) 442-9980; OR C(O mR. gERRY w-iENER/ 3929 oRCHARD cOURT/ bOULDER/ cOLORADO/ usa 80304/ PHONE (303) 442-3676/ FAX (303) 442-5410. t-iBETAN ON ThE mAC-iNTOSh t-iBETAN ON ThE mAC-iNTOSh/ WR-iTTEN BY mR. p-iERRE rOB-iLLARD OF oNTAR-iO/ cANADA/ TEL (416) 699-5718/ HAS ESTABL-iShED -iTSELF AS ONE OF ThE MOST COMPLETE AND POL-iShED t-iBETAN PUBL-iSh-iNG PROGRAMS AVA-iLABLE. oRGAN-iZAT-iONS SUCH AS ThE F-iNE t-iBETAN lANGUAGE pROGRAM AT ThE uN-iVERS-iTY OF w-iRG-iN-iA HAVE PRODUCED A GOOD NUMBER OF ATTRACT-iVE PUBL-iCAT-iONS W-iTh ThE PROGRAM/ WH-iCH ALSO SELLS AT A VERY REASONABLE PR-iCE. tHE FOLLOW-iNG UPDATE FOR ThE PROGRAM -iS SUMMAR-iZED FROM A REPORT SUPPL-iED TO acip BY ThE AUThOR. t-iBETAN ON ThE mAC-iNTOSh WORKS ON ANY mAC-iNTOSh COMPUTER/ W-iTh ANY mAC-iNTOSh PROGRAM--WHEThER A WORD PROCESSOR/ DATABASE/ OR WHATEVER. tHE PROGRAM RUNS UNDER E-iThER OPERAT-iNG sYSTEM 6 OR 7; ThE FORMER REQU-iRES ThE ADD-iT-iONAL PURCHASE OF ThE mACkEYMELEON ii PROGRAM/ BUT ThE NEW sYSTEM 7 -iNCLUDES ThE NEEDED FUNCT-iONS AUTOMAT-iCALLY. bOTh aDOBE tYPE 1 AND tRUEtYPE VERS-iONS OF ThE t-iBETAN FONTS ARE -iNCLUDED; ThESE ARE ThE TWO MAJOR COMPET-iNG FONT FORMATS/ SO ALL BASES ARE COVERED. tHE PROGRAM WORKS ON ANY LASER/ DOT-MATR-iX/ OR -iNK-JET PR-iNTER. iF ThE pOSTsCR-iPT LANGUAGE -iSN'T AVA-iLABLE -iN ThE PR-iNTER/ aDOBE tYPE mANAGER (atm) AND ThE tYPE 1 OR tRUEtYPE FONTS (AND sYSTEM 7 OR tRUEtYPE -iN-iT AND sYSTEM 6) CAN BE USED TO G-iVE ThE H-iGHEST RESOLUT-iON OF ThE PR-iNTER -iN ANY S-iZE. eSSENT-iALLY EVERY sANSKR-iT TRANSCR-iPT-iON STACK -iS COMPLETED/ AND rOMAN FONTS W-iTh ThE D-iACR-iT-iCS REQU-iRED FOR sANSKR-iT TRANSCR-iPT-iON ARE ALSO -iNCLUDED. hAND-TUNED SCREEN FONTS ARE ALSO SUPPL-iED/ AS ARE CUSTOM KEYBOARD F-iLES (FOR BOTh sYSTEM 6 AND 7)/ ALONG W-iTh KEYBOARD ST-iCKERS. tWO ADD-iT-iONAL UT-iL-iT-iES COME W-iTh t-iBETAN ON ThE mAC-iNTOSh. tHE F-iRST -iS CALLED mARPA/ WH-iCH GENERATES t-iBETAN SORT KEYS FOR ALPHABET-iZAT-iON; ALLOWS TOUCH-TYP-iNG OF t-iBETAN US-iNG A "STACK" KEY; AND CONVERTS acip F-iLES. tH-iS acip F-iLE CONVERS-iON FUNCT-iON HAS BEEN TESTED BY ThE AUThOR OF ThE PROGRAM ON ALL ThE TEXTS OF acip rELEASE oNE AND rELEASE tWO; MOREOVER/ mR. rOB-iLLARD -iS CONT-iNU-iNG DEVELOPMENT OF Th-iS FEATURE TO COVER ThE ENT-iRE RANGE OF POSS-iBLE sANSKR-iT TRANSCR-iPT-iONS DEF-iNED -iN ThE EXPANDED acip -iNPUT STANDARD. tHE SECOND UT-iL-iTY -iS wYL-iEeD-iT/ WH-iCH CONVERTS rOMAN TRANSCR-iPT-iON -iNPUT W-iTh ThE wYL-iE METhOD -iNSTANTLY -iNTO t-iBETAN SCR-iPT AS YOU TYPE. t-iBETAN FOR w-iNDOWS jUST BEFORE Th-iS DOCUMENTAT-iON FOR rELEASE tHREE WENT TO PRESS/ acip RECE-iVED A REV-iEW COPY OF t-iBETAN FOR w-iNDOWS/ WH-iCH -iS AN EFFORT TO MOVE t-iBETAN ON ThE mAC-iNTOSh/ ALONG W-iTh ALL -iTS ASSOC-iATED UT-iL-iT-iES/ TO ThE w-iNDOWS SYSTEM FOR ibm-COMPAT-iBLE COMPUTERS. aCCORD-iNG TO ThE ACCOMPANY-iNG L-iTERATURE/ t-iBETAN F-iLES CAN BE EXCHANGED BETWEEN AN ibm-COMPAT-iBLE MACH-iNE AND ANY mAC-iNTOSh COMPUTER EQU-iPPED W-iTh ThE rOB-iLLARD lt-iBETAN FONT/ SO ThAT BOTh COMPUTERS CAN BE USED TO WORK ON ThE SAME PROJECT. t-iBETAN TEXT CAN BE CUT AND PASTED BETWEEN D-iFFERENT w-iNDOWS PROGRAMS AS WELL. acip HAS RUN SOME PREL-iM-iNARY TESTS ON ThE PROGRAM AND FOUND -iT TO BE QU-iTE EXC-iT-iNG. iNPUT -iS EASY/ AND ThE PR-iNT-OUT ATTRACT-iVE/ ESPEC-iALLY W-iTh -iNTERSPERSED rOMAN AND t-iBETAN. wE BEL-iEVE ThERE -iS GREAT PROM-iSE FOR Th-iS PROGRAM AND HOPE TO REV-iEW -iT MORE CAREFULLY -iN ThE NEXT RELEASE/ ONCE WE HAVE PUT -iT ThROUGH -iTS PACES. tHE DEVELOPER WHO PORTED ThE PROGRAM TO w-iNDOWS/ mARV-iN mOSER/ HAS -iNCLUDED A FREE UT-iL-iTY CALLED ThE t-iBETAN f-iLE cONVERTOR/ WH-iCH RUNS UNDER E-iThER dos OR w-iNDOWS/ AND CONVERTS FORMATS BETWEEN wYL-iE/ acip/ AND rOB-iLLARD FONTS. pHONET-iC TRANSL-iTERAT-iON CAN ALSO BE GENERATED AS OUTPUT FROM ANY OF ThESE STANDARDS. tHE FOLLOW-iNG TECHN-iCAL SUMMARY -iS EXCERPTED D-iRECTLY FROM ThE PRODUCT L-iTERATURE. t-iBETAN FOR w-iNDOWS REQU-iRES m-iCROSOFT w-iNDOWS/ VERS-iON 3.0 OR 3.1. aN at CLASS OR FASTER COMPUTER -iS NEEDED TO SUPPORT ThE FONT D-iSPLAY. ega OR H-iGHER RESOLUT-iON GRAPH-iCS ARE RECOMMENDED. tHE dos VERS-iON OF ThE t-iBETAN f-iLE cONVERTOR W-iLL RUN ON ANY ibm- COMPAT-iBLE pc. tHE t-iBETAN FONT -iS BASED ON ThE mAC-iNTOSh rOB-iLLARD lt-iBETAN FONT/ AND COMES -iN BOTh pOSTsCR-iPT AND tRUEtYPE FORMATS. tHE pOSTsCR-iPT VERS-iON REQU-iRES aDOBE tYPE mANAGER FOR w-iNDOWS. tHE t-iBETAN KEYBOARD DR-iVER WORKS W-iTh ThE wR-iTE ED-iTOR (DESCR-iBED ABOVE) ThAT COMES FREE W-iTh w-iNDOWS; -iT ALSO HAS SOME FUNCT-iONAL-iTY W-iTh ThE wORD FOR w-iNDOWS WORD PROCESSOR (VERS-iON 1.0 ONLY). rOUT-iNES SUCH AS wYL-iE TRANSLAT-iON ARE CONTA-iNED -iN A DOCUMENTED dYNAM-iC l-iNK l-iBRARY (dll) WH-iCH PROGRAMMERS CAN USE -iN OThER APPL-iCAT-iONS W-iThOUT ROYALTY. tHE t-iBETAN f-iLE cONVERTOR CAN TAKE ANY t-iBETAN TEXT F-iLE -iN ascii FORMAT AS -iNPUT/ ALThOUGH SOME sANSKR-iT STACKS MAY NOT BE COMPLETELY TRANSLATED. t-iBETAN FOR w-iNDOWS -iS OFFERED AT A VERY REASONABLE PR-iCE AND CAN BE ORDERED ThROUGH mR. bOB bRYANT/ 1311 wEST aRThUR/ cH-iCAGO/ iLL-iNO-iS/ usa 60626/ TELEPHONE (312) 743-7135. tHE DESCR-iPT-iON STATES ThAT ALL ORDERS ARE BACKED BY A MONEY-BACK REFUND -iF ThE USER -iS NOT SAT-iSF-iED W-iTh -iTS OPERAT-iON. uSERS ShOULD F-iNALLY BE AWARE ThAT DUE TO PERSONAL COMM-iTMENTS ThE AUThOR OF ThE PROGRAM MAY NOT BE ABLE TO CONT-iNUE ANY WORK ON -iT FOR AN EXTENDED PER-iOD/ AND ANY "BUGS" M-iGHT NOT BE RESOLVED UNT-iL ThAT T-iME. l.i.r.i. mULT-iPLE-lANGUAGE pACKAGE iN ThE DOCUMENTAT-iON TO rELEASE tWO/ acip REV-iEWED AN EXTREMELY POWERFUL WORD- PROCESS-iNG SYSTEM FROM ThE l-iNGU-iST-iC iNFORMAT-iON rESEARCH iNST-iTUTE (l.i.r.i.) cO lTD/ OF tOKYO/ jAPAN. tHE SYSTEM WORKS -iN CONJUNCT-iON W-iTh ThE koa-tECHNOmATE os(2 PROGRAM/ WH-iCH ENABLES A USER TO V-iEW/ PR-iNT/ AND WR-iTE -iN SOME 20 D-iFFERENT LANGUAGES OF ThE WORLD. tHE PACKAGE REQU-iRES A SOMEWHAT LARGE COMM-iTMENT F-iNANC-iALLY -iN A H-iGH- POWERED nec COMPUTER AND ThE koa SOFTWARE/ BUT ThE RESULT-iNG CAPAC-iTY AND PR-iNTED OUTPUT ARE EXCELLENT. tHE SYSTEM HAS BEEN EXPANDED BY l.i.r.i. TO -iNCLUDE NOW F-iVE D-iFFERENT t-iBETAN FONTS/ -iNCLUD-iNG WHAT WE BEL-iEVE -iS ThE F-iRST u-ME (DBU-MED/ OR HANDWR-iTTEN SCR-iPT) EVER TO BE COMPUTER-iZED. tHE RESULT -iS QU-iTE ATTRACT-iVE/ AND A SAMPLE -iS D-iSPLAYED HERE -iN ThE BROCHURE. oThER RELEVANT LANGUAGES FOR WH-iCH EXCEPT-iONALLY H-iGH-QUAL-iTY OUTPUT -iS AVA-iLABLE AREH jAPANESE/ cH-iNESE/ pAL-i (-iN rOMAN TRANSCR-iPT-iON)/ sANSKR-iT (-iN BOTh dEVANAGAR-i SCR-iPT AND rOMAN W-iTh D-iACR-iT-iCS)/ mONGOL-iAN (-iN cYR-iLL-iC)/ tHA-i/ h-iND-i/ AND nEPAL-i. fOR -iNFORMAT-iON PLEASE CONTACT l.i.r.i. AT 4-9-14 kOYAMA/ sH-iNAGAWAKU/ tOKYO 142/ jAPAN; TELEPHONE (03) 3783-9428/ FAX (03) 3788-6180. sAMBHOTA acip HAS RECE-iVED ThE FOLLOW-iNG DESCR-iPT-iON/ WH-iCH -iS QUOTED VERBAT-iM/ ABOUT A NEW t-iBETAN PUBL-iSh-iNG PROGRAM FOR ThE mAC-iNTOShH tHE sAMBHOTA PACKAGE -iS A NEW ONE/ CONS-iST-iNG OF A t-iBETAN CALL-iGRAPH-iC FONT ALONG W-iTh A KEYBOARD ENTRY PROGRAM ThAT WORKS ON mAC-iNTOSh COMPUTERS. tHE CALL-iGRAPH-iC FONT WAS DES-iGNED BY A t-iBETAN CALL-iGRAPHER ON ThE mAC-iNTOSh AND TOOK APPROX-iMATELY TWO YEARS TO DEVELOP. iT COMES -iN BOTh pOSTSCR-iPT AND tRUEtYPE FORMATS/ ALLOW-iNG FOR EASY PR-iNT-iNG OF MULT-iPLE PO-iNT S-iZES AS WELL AS GOOD SCREEN D-iSPLAY. aLL ThE t-iBETAN CHARACTER STACKS HAVE BEEN CUSTOM DES-iGNED AND ARE NOT BU-iLT OF COMPONENT PARTS (EXCEPT FOR SUB-ACHUNGS AND VOWELS). mULT-iPLE ShAPKYUS HAVE BEEN DES-iGNED TO F-iT ThE VAR-iOUS MA-iN LETTERS AND CHARACTER STACKS PREC-iSELY. iN A NUMBER OF CASES/ MULT-iPLE MA-iN LETTERS HAVE BEEN DES-iGNED TO PREVENT ShAPKYUS FROM OVERPR-iNT-iNG CHARACTERS ON ThE NEXT L-iNE. fOR EXAMPLE/ MA-iN LETTERS W-iTh "LONG LEGS" SUCH AS KA/ GA/ AND SO FORTh HAVE BOTh LONG AND ShORT VERS-iONS. tHE t-iBETAN-iZED-sANSKR-iT VERS-iON OF ThE PACKAGE CONTA-iNS APPROX-iMATELY 250 CUSTOM-iZED CHARACTER STACKS ALLOW-iNG ThE USER TO PR-iNT [TYP-iCAL sANSKR-iT MATER-iALS...W-iTh CUSTOM-iZED VOWELS AND OThER ATTACHED SYMBOLS] FOR QUAL-iTY APPEARANCE. iN ADD-iT-iON TO ThE FONT/ ThE PACKAGE CONTA-iNS A S-iMPLE ED-iTOR COMB-iNED W-iTh A KEYBOARD ENTRY PROGRAM ALLOW-iNG ONE TO CREATE F-iLES CONTA-iN-iNG MULT-iPLE FONTS UP TO 32k -iN LENGTh. oNE CAN USE Th-iS ED-iTOR TO CREATE LARGER DOCUMENTS BY US-iNG MULT-iPLE DOCUMENT F-iLES. sUCH F-iLES CAN BE EAS-iLY -iMPORTED -iNTO A WORD PROCESSOR OR LAYOUT PROGRAM OF CHO-iCE FOR PREC-iSE FORMATT-iNG/ PUBL-iSh-iNG CONTROL/ AND FOR ThE CREAT-iON OF t-iBETAN TEXTS LARGER ThAN 32k -iN S-iZE. oNE CAN PR-iNT F-iLES US-iNG ThE ED-iTOR/ MAK-iNG -iT EASY FOR BEG-iNNERS TO PUBL-iSh t-iBETAN DOCUMENTS W-iThOUT HAV-iNG -iN-iT-iALLY TO PURCHASE A WORD PROCESSOR OR LAYOUT PROGRAM. a SEPARATE WORD PROCESSOR SUCH AS wORDpERFECT OR m-iCROSOFT wORD OR A LAYOUT PROGRAM -iS RECOMMENDED/ HOWEVER/ FOR SER-iOUS PUBL-iSh-iNG. tHE KEYBOARD ENTRY PROGRAM -iS BU-iLT -iNTO ThE ED-iTOR/ MAK-iNG -iT QU-iTE EASY TO TYPE t-iBETAN CHARACTERS FROM ThE KEYBOARD. oNE CAN ALSO CHANGE ThE KEYBOARD MAPP-iNG/ WH-iCH ALLOWS ONE TO CUSTOM-iZE ThE PLACEMENT OF ThE VAR-iOUS t-iBETAN KEYS. tHE PACKAGE ShOULD BE AVA-iLABLE FOR PURCHASE -iN jANUARY 1993. pROGRAMS ALLOW-iNG FOR CONVERS-iON OF acip AND wYL-iE TRANSL-iTERAT-iON -iNTO t-iBETAN SCR-iPT/ AS WELL AS t-iBETAN ALPHABET-iZAT-iON/ ARE UNDER DEVELOPMENT AND ShOULD BE AVA-iLABLE NEXT YEAR. a w-iNDOWS 3.1 VERS-iON RUNN-iNG ON ThE pc -iS ALSO BE-iNG SCHEDULED. iNQU-iR-iES ABOUT sAMBHOTA/ WH-iCH -iS MODERATELY PR-iCED/ MAY BE SUBM-iTTED TO sAMBHOTA/ AT E-iThER OF TWO ADDRESSESH C(O uGYEN sHENPEN/ 1878 nORTh bROADWAY @##6/ bOULDER/ cOLORADO/ usa 80304/ TELEPHONE (303) 444-4076; OR C(O gERRY w-iENER/ 3929 oRCHARD cOURT/ bOULDER/ cOLORADO/ usa 80304/ TELEPHONE (303) 442-3676/ FAX (303) 442-5410. uPDATE FROM lASERqU-iLL iN ThE DOCUMENTAT-iON TO rELEASE tWO/ acip DESCR-iBED A PROGRAM CALLED dRUK mAC/ BY mR. pETER lOFT-iNG OF lASERqU-iLL/ -iN eNGLAND. tHE pROJECT HAS RECE-iVED AN UPDATE ON ThE PROGRAM FROM mR. lOFT-iNG/ WH-iCH WE SUMMAR-iZE HERE. tHE dRUK mAC-iNTOSh W-iLL NOT BE MADE AVA-iLABLE; -iT -iS A SOLELY bHUTANESE ED-iT-iON FOR ThE rOYAL gOVERNMENT OF bHUTAN. nONEThELESS/ A NEW t-iBETAN mAC-iNTOSh SYSTEM -iS UNDER DEVELOPMENT BY mR. sTEVE hARTWELL AND dR. yOSh-iRO iMAEDA. tHE NEW PROGRAM W-iLL BE COMPAT-iBLE W-iTh sYSTEM 7.1/ AND -iS SCHEDULED TO BE LAUNCHED -iN ThE SPR-iNG OF 1993. fURThER -iNFORMAT-iON CAN BE OBTA-iNED FROM dR. yOSh-iRO iMAEDA/ 12/ cHEM-iN DE LA bOURELLER-iE/ 18100 tHEN-iOUS (cHER)/ fRANCE/ PHONE TELEPHONE 33-48-520-463/ FAX 33-48-520-467. mR. lOFT-iNG HAS OFFERED TO MAKE AVA-iLABLE TO ThE pROJECT ThE D-iSK F-iLES FOR dRUK fONT/ AND HAS AUThOR-iZED acip TO D-iSTR-iBUTE -iT FREELY UPON REQUEST. tHERE ARE F-iLES FOR BOTh mAC-iNTOSh pOSTsCR-iPT tYPE 1 AND tRUEtYPE/ AS WELL AS tRUEtYPE FOR w-iNDOWS VERS-iON 3.1/ UNDER ThE ibm PLATFORM. tHE COND-iT-iON OF ThE D-iSTR-iBUT-iON OF ThESE F-iLES -iS ThAT ThEY ARE FOR NON-PROF-iT USE/ AND ARE NOT FOR RE-SALE BY acip OR BY ANY PERSON OR -iNST-iTUT-iON WHO RECE-iVES ThEM ThROUGH acip/ UNLESS lASERqU-iLL GRANTS PR-iOR PERM-iSS-iON. mR. lOFT-iNG HAS PREPARED A SER-iES OF -iMPRESS-iVE TECHN-iCAL MANUALS FOR ThE FONT. tHESE DOCUMENT ThE DETA-iLS OF ThE TYPEFACE/ -iTS USE/ A "DEPENDENCY ANALYS-iS/" AND L-iGATURES. tHE MANUALS TOTAL SOME 600 PAGES; acip HAS REV-iEWED SECT-iONS AND BEL-iEVES ThAT ThESE WOULD BE VERY USEFUL FOR ANYONE SER-iOUSLY -iNVOLVED W-iTh t-iBETAN FONT WORK. tHERE -iS A CHARGE FOR DUPL-iCAT-iON AND Sh-iPP-iNG. fOR -iNFORMAT-iON ON ORDER-iNG/ PLEASE CONTACT mR. pETER lOFT-iNG C(O lASERqU-iLL/ 38 tHAMES sTREET/ w-iNDSOR/ bERKSh-iRE/ eNGLAND sl4 1pr/ TELEPHONE w-iNDSOR (0753) 830-270/ FAX w-iNDSOR (0753) 831-138. uPON RECE-iPT OF ThE FONT D-iSK F-iLES/ acip W-iLL BE HAPPY TO SUPPLY ThEM W-iThOUT CHARGE TO -iNTERESTED NOT-FOR-PROF-iT PART-iES. pROGRAMS FROM mEMBERS OF ThE rUSS-iAN aCADEMY OF sC-iENCES acip HAS RECE-iVED COP-iES OF A PA-iR OF PROGRAMS FOR t-iBETAN TYP-iNG AND V-iEW-iNG PRODUCED BY REPRESENTAT-iVES OF ThE rUSS-iAN aCADEMY OF sC-iENCES. tHE PROGRAMS ARE CALLED lAT-iBUS AND sYLLABLE. lAT-iBUS -iS NAMED FROM ThE FACT ThAT -iT CAN BE USED TO -iNPUT AND V-iEW ThREE D-iFFERENT LANGUAGESH eNGL-iSh (-iN lAT-iN CHARACTERS)/ rUSS-iAN/ AND t-iBETAN. tO PRODUCE ThE t-iBETAN STACKED LETTERS/ -iT UT-iL-iZES ThE sYLLABLE PROGRAM OF STACK MODELS -iN AN ACCOMPANY-iNG W-iNDOW/ WH-iCH CONCEPTUALLY -iS AN -iNTEREST-iNG APPROACH. acip STAFF HAVE HELD D-iSCUSS-iONS W-iTh ThE DEVELOPERS TO TRY TO HELP MAKE -iT A GOOD BAS-iC PACKAGE W-iTh PR-iNT-iNG CAPAB-iL-iTY/ WH-iCH -iT NOW LACKS. wE BEL-iEVE Th-iS W-iLL BE AN -iMPORTANT PROGRAM FOR ThE COMPUTER-iZAT-iON OF rUSS-iAN MATER-iALS ON aS-iAN CLASS-iCS; FOR EXAMPLE/ -iT WOULD BE VERY GOOD FOR -iNPUTT-iNG ThE HUGE t-iBETAN-rUSS-iAN-eNGL-iSh d-iCT-iONARY W-iTh sANSKR-iT pARALLELS/ BY y.n. rOER-iCH. wE ALSO ANT-iC-iPATE ThAT ThE PROGRAM COULD BE USEFUL FOR LOW-BUDGET ENTRY AND PR-iNT-iNG/ FOR EXAMPLE BY NAT-iVE DATA -iNPUT CENTERS. fOR -iNFORMAT-iON CONTACTH lEON-iD w. aNDREYEV/ iNST-iTUTE FOR pROBLEMS OF iNFORMAT-iON tRANSM-iSS-iON/ AND H-iS BROThER sERGEY w. aNDREYEV/ cOMPUTER cENTRE OF ThE rUSS-iAN aCADEMY OF sC-iENCES/ wAV-iLOVA STR./ 40/ mOSCOW/ rUSS-iA/ 117967. s-iNCE MA-iL SERV-iCE -iS VERY POOR AT Th-iS T-iME YOU MAY W-iSh TO USE ThE-iR e-MA-iL ADDRESSH ANSERG@SMS.CCAS.MSK.SU. tHE "pEMA" sYSTEM acip HAS RECE-iVED ADVANCE -iNFORMAT-iON ABOUT A NEW ibm-BASED t-iBETAN PR-iNT-iNG PROGRAM RELAT-iVELY FAR ALONG -iN DEVELOPMENTH ThE pEMA SYSTEM FROM gERMANY. tHE STRENGTh OF Th-iS PROGRAM/ WH-iCH acip HAS BEEN ASKED TO TEST -iN AN ALPHA VERS-iON -iN COM-iNG WEEKS/ SEEMS TO BE ThAT -iT -iNCORPORATES A "MATCHL-iST" CONCEPT WH-iCH W-iLL ALLOW A USER TO -iNPUT TEXT -iN ANY TRANSCR-iPT-iON SYSTEM HE H-iMSELF HAS DEF-iNED TO ThE PROGRAM. iT ALSO -iNCLUDES TOOLS ThAT ALLOW ThE USER TO MOD-iFY ThE APPEARANCE OF ThE FONT TO SU-iT H-iS TASTE. pEMA RUNS UNDER dos (VERS-iON 3.0 OR H-iGHER) AND UT-iL-iZES ThE WORD PROCESSOR OF ThE USER'S CHO-iCE. sEVERAL PR-iNTERS ARE PRESENTLY SUPPORTED. fOR -iNFORMAT-iON/ PLEASE CONTACT mR. aLEX w-iLD-iNG/ gLAShUTTENSTRASSE 17/ 2000 hAMBURG 36/ gERMANY/ TELEPHONE (++49) 40-430-1393. ttps AND aT-iShA aS Th-iS BROCHURE WAS GO-iNG TO PR-iNT/ acip RECE-iVED WORD FROM ThE l-iNGU-iST-iCS iNFORMAT-iON rESEARCH iNST-iTUTE OF tOKYO ThAT -iTS mANAG-iNG d-iRECTOR/ mR. h-iTSUO nAKADA/ HAD COMPLETED A VERS-iON OF ThE t-iBETAN tEXT pROCESS-iNG sYSTEM (ttps) TO OPERATE ON ThE nec COMPUTERS ThAT ARE PRETTY MUCH ThE STANDARD MACH-iNE -iN jAPAN. ttps/ PERHAPS ThE F-iRST t-iBETAN PROGRAM EVER/ WAS DEVELOPED BY MEMBERS OF acip'S STAFF. iT -iS APPROPR-iATE FOR BAS-iC V-iEW-iNG AND PR-iNT-iNG WORK. pLEASE CONTACT l.i.r.i. AT ThE ADDRESS L-iSTED BELOW FOR MORE -iNFORMAT-iON ON ThE nec VERS-iON. tHE aT-iShA PROGRAM OF dR. pETER eBBATSON -iS ANOThER OF ThE EARLY t-iBETAN PROCESS-iNG PROGRAMS. dR. eBBATSON -iS PLANN-iNG TO DEVELOP ThE PROGRAM FURThER/ ESPEC-iALLY W-iTh ThE sANSKR-iT STACKS/ AND Th-iS ShOULD MAKE -iT A GOOD BAS-iC PACKAGE FOR LOW-BUDGET OPERAT-iONS W-iThOUT POWERFUL HARDWARE/ SUCH AS AT ThE t-iBETAN COMMUN-iT-iES -iN iND-iA. gENERAL nOTES AND cOMMERC-iAL sOFTWARE FOR uS-iNG acip dATA s-iNCE acip DATA -iS -iN STANDARD ascii FORMAT/ -iT W-iLL WORK FOR BOTh ibm AND mAC-iNTOSh TYPES OF COMPUTERS. aBOUT 5% OF ThE ORDERS RECE-iVED BY ThE pROJECT ARE REQUESTS FOR mAC-iNTOSh FORMAT. s-iNCE WE DON'T AT PRESENT OWN ThE NECESSARY mAC-iNTOSh EQU-iPMENT/ WE MUST SEND ThE D-iSKS OUT FOR COPY-iNG/ AND -iT TAKES A L-iTTLE LONGER TO Sh-iP. sO WE ASK OUR mAC-iNTOSh-BASED USERS TO ALLOW A L-iTTLE MORE TURN-AROUND T-iME. tHERE ARE A FEW COMMERC-iAL SOFTWARE PROGRAMS ThAT acip FEELS CAN HELP A USER -iMMENSELY. oNE -iS ThE xTREEgOLD F-iLE MANAGEMENT UT-iL-iTY/ WH-iCH -iS EXCELLENT FOR COPY-iNG D-iSKS/ V-iEW-iNG ThE CONTENTS OF A HARD D-iSK/ CHANG-iNG ThE STRUCTURE OF D-iRECTOR-iES/ AND SO ON. iF YOU L-iKE ThE SAMPLE VERS-iON SUPPL-iED W-iTh rELEASE tHREE/ WE ASK YOU TO FOLLOW ThE -iNSTRUCT-iONS ON D-iSK FOR UPGRAD-iNG TO ThE COMMERC-iAL VERS-iON. tHE S-iNGLE BEST PROGRAM FOR US-iNG acip DATA -iS ST-iLL PROBABLY ThE gOFER SEARCH UT-iL-iTY FROM m-iCROLYT-iCS. iT ALLOWS S-iMULTANEOUS SEARCHES FOR UP TO E-iGHT D-iFFERENT C-iTAT-iONS/ W-iTh EASY-TO-USE bOOLEAN SEARCH PARAMETERS/ ThAT MAKE A F-iND MORE L-iKELY AND PREC-iSE. acip HAS TALKED W-iTh ThE COMPANY ABOUT POSS-iBLY CUSTOM-iZ-iNG A VERS-iON FOR ThE pROJECT/ AND WE HOPE TO FOLLOW UP ON Th-iS -iN 1993. aT PRESENT ThE MOST CURRENT VERS-iON OF ThE PROGRAM -iS 2.0/ WH-iCH DOESN'T SEEM TO HAVE ANY S-iGN-iF-iCANTLY -iMPROVED FEATURES OVER VERS-iON 1.0/ AS REV-iEWED -iN ThE acip rELEASE tWO DOCUMENTAT-iON. fOR ThE PUBL-iC VERS-iON/ m-iCROLYT-iCS REPORTS ThAT -iT DOES NOT -iNTEND TO COMM-iT SUBSTANT-iAL RESOURCES FOR -iTS FURThER DEVELOPMENT -iN ThE NEAR FUTURE. tHE PROGRAM CAN BE ORDERED D-iRECTLY FROM ThE COMPANY FOR ABOUT $39/ BY CALL-iNG (800) 828-6293. lOTUS dEVELOPMENT cORPORAT-iON/ MAKERS OF ThE WELL-KNOWN lOTUS SPREADShEET/ OFFER AN EXTREMELY POWERFUL SEARCH UT-iL-iTY CALLED mAGELLAN/ WH-iCH WAS REV-iEWED -iN ThE DOCUMENTAT-iON TO rELEASE oNE. tH-iS PROGRAM ALLOWS bOOLEAN PARAMETERS AND -iS A GOOD ADD-iT-iONAL OPT-iON FOR acip "POWER USERS/" ALThOUGH WE F-iND ThE LESS EXPENS-iVE gOFER TO BE MORE PRACT-iCAL. mAGELLAN CAN BE ORDERED ThROUGH JUST ABOUT ANY COMPUTER STORE. tHE LATEST VERS-iON (5.2) OF wORDpERFECT FOR w-iNDOWS/ WH-iCH HAS ONLY JUST BEEN ANNOUNCED/ -iNCLUDES A S-iM-iLAR FEATURE CALLED qU-iCKf-iNDER. oN-l-iNE d-iCT-iONAR-iES uPDATE tHE dHARAMSALA d-iCT-iONARYH cOLLABORAT-iON W-iTh ThE gOVERNMENT OF t-iBET acip HAS GOOD NEWS ABOUT A NUMBER OF ON-L-iNE D-iCT-iONARY PROJECTS. s-iX MONThS AGO ThE pROJECT RECE-iVED A LETTER FROM ThE PR-iVATE OFF-iCE OF ThE dALA-i lAMA/ ThE SP-iR-iTUAL AND SECULAR HEAD OF t-iBET/ PROPOS-iNG ThAT acip JO-iN -iN A COLLABORAT-iVE EFFORT TO -iNPUT AND D-iSSEM-iNATE A MAJOR eNGL-iSh-t-iBETAN D-iCT-iONARY WH-iCH HAS BEEN -iN PREPARAT-iON BY ThE t-iBETAN GOVERNMENT'S dEPARTMENT OF eDUCAT-iON FOR SOME TEN YEARS. bEYOND PROV-iD-iNG STANDARD t-iBETAN TRANSLAT-iONS OF eNGL-iSh/ ThE EMPHAS-iS OF ThE D-iCT-iONARY -iS ThE VERY -iMPORTANT TASK OF ESTABL-iSh-iNG t-iBETAN WORDS FOR CONCEPTS AND OBJECTS/ SUCH AS "COMPUTER/" FOR WH-iCH NO t-iBETAN WORD NOW EX-iSTS. acip V-iEWS Th-iS WORK AS ANOThER OPPORTUN-iTY TO CONTR-iBUTE TO ThE PRESERVAT-iON OF t-iBETAN L-iTERATURE AND CULTURE/ PART-iCULARLY -iN ThE D-iFF-iCULT YEARS UNT-iL t-iBET -iS ABLE TO RECOVER HER -iNDEPENDENCE. acip STAFF HELD MEET-iNGS W-iTh REPRESENTAT-iVES OF ThE dEPARTMENT OF eDUCAT-iON -iN nEW dELH-i LAST jULY/ AND CONCLUDED AN AGREEMENT BY WH-iCH acip WOULD COMPLETE ThE -iNPUT OF TENS OF ThOUSANDS OF NOTECARDS -iN ThE FALL OF 1992. acip HAS BEEN AUThOR-iZED BY ThE dEPARTMENT TO PROV-iDE ThE D-iCT-iONARY ON D-iSKETTE TO -iTS USERS/ WH-iLE ThE "HARD COPY" D-iCT-iONARY -iN BOOK FORM W-iLL BE BROUGHT OUT BY ThE dEPARTMENT -iTSELF/ W-iTh TECHN-iCAL ASS-iSTANCE FROM ThE pROJECT. wE ARE HAPPY TO REPORT ThAT ThE MAJOR-iTY OF ThE -iNPUT HAS ALREADY BEEN COMPLETED AT ThE sERA mEY cOMPUTER cENTER -iN SOUTh iND-iA. acip HOPES TO PUT ThE WORK OUT ON D-iSK -iN 1993/ ONCE ThE dEPARTMENT OF eDUCAT-iON HAS COMPLETED SOME F-iNAL ED-iT-iNG. tHE wALBY d-iCT-iONARYH cOLLABORAT-iON W-iTh rUSS-iAN pROGRAMMERS iN ThE DOCUMENTAT-iON TO rELEASE tWO/ acip DESCR-iBED AN ON-L-iNE t-iBETAN-eNGL-iSh D-iCT-iONARY DEVELOPED BY mR. jAMES wALBY OF nEW yORK/ usa. tHE D-iCT-iONARY UT-iL-iZES SPEC-iAL ROUT-iNES PROGRAMMED BY mR. wALBY TO ALLOW -iNCRED-iBLE SPEED. iN FORMAT ThE D-iCT-iONARY -iS REALLY MORE OF A WORD L-iST/ COMP-iLED FROM EX-iST-iNG t-iBETAN-eNGL-iSh D-iCT-iONAR-iES; -iT -iS NOT APPROPR-iATE FOR TECHN-iCAL RESEARCH/ NOR -iS -iT COMPREHENS-iVE. iT W-iLL/ ThOUGH/ BE OF TREMENDOUS USE TO ThE VAST MAJOR-iTY OF BEG-iNN-iNG AND MED-iUM-LEVEL STUDENTS OF ThE t-iBETAN LANGUAGE/ AS A QU-iCK LOOK-UP TOOL. acip -iS PLEASED TO REPORT ThAT -iT HAS BEEN AUThOR-iZED BY mR. wALBY TO D-iSTR-iBUTE H-iS D-iCT-iONARY AS ShAREWARE. oN BEHALF OF STUDENTS OF ThE aS-iAN CLASS-iCS ThROUGHOUT ThE WORLD WE WOULD L-iKE TO EXPRESS OUR GRAT-iTUDE TO mR. wALBY FOR H-iS CONTR-iBUT-iON/ WH-iCH -iS ThE RESULT OF YEARS OF PERS-iSTENT WORK. wE ARE ALSO GLAD TO REPORT ThAT acip HAS BEEN ABLE TO WORK W-iTh PROGRAMMERS -iN rUSS-iA TO TURN mR. wALBY'S D-iCT-iONARY -iNTO A tshr/ OR "tERM-iNATE AND sTAY rES-iDENT" PROGRAM. tHE tshr FORMAT -iS PERFECT FOR A D-iCT-iONARY OF Th-iS TYPE; -iT ENABLES A USER TO PUT ThE D-iCT-iONARY -iN ThE BACKGROUND AS HE WORKS/ READY TO BE CALLED UP AT ANY MOMENT -iNTO A W-iNDOW ON ThE SCREEN/ AT ThE TOUCH OF A "HOT" KEY. tHE USER CHECKS ThE TRANSLAT-iON OF ThE UNKNOWN WORD/ ThEN TUCKS ThE D-iCT-iONARY AWAY OUT OF S-iGHT/ W-iTh ANOThER TOUCH OF A KEY. fOR SEVERAL YEARS acip HAS BEEN CORRESPOND-iNG W-iTh VERY TALENTED PROGRAMMERS FROM rUSS-iA/ WHO WERE F-iRST -iNTRODUCED TO ThE pROJECT BY mR. dAN-iEL eNT-iN/ ThE D-iRECTOR OF ThE n-iCHOLAS rOER-iCH mUSEUM -iN nEW yORK. iT SEEMS F-iTT-iNG ThAT Th-iS COLLABORAT-iON BEGAN ThROUGH ThE mUSEUM/ S-iNCE ONE OF ThE F-iRST GREAT t-iBETOLOG-iSTS OF H-iSTORY WAS y. n. rOER-iCH/ ThE NEPHEW OF ThE GREAT PA-iNTER/ n-iCHOLAS. oNE OF ThESE PROGRAMMERS -iS mR. sERGE-i mALYKH OF yEKATER-iNBURG (PREV-iOUSLY sVERDLOVSK)/ NORTh rUSS-iA. mR. mALYKH -iS A GOVERNMENT PHYS-iC-iST/ ACCOMPL-iShED PROGRAMMER/ AND STUDENT OF aS-iAN PH-iLOSOPHY. aT acip'S SUGGEST-iON/ HE BEGAN WORK SEVERAL YEARS AGO TO DEVELOP A POP-UP ROUT-iNE FOR AN ON-L-iNE D-iCT-iONARY. hE HAS UT-iL-iZED ThE NEW TECHNOLOGY OF ThE fOXpRO LANGUAGE TO COMPLETE AN -iMPRESS-iVE AND POWERFUL CAPAC-iTY/ WH-iCH HE HAS NOW APPL-iED (AFTER MUCH PROGRAMM-iNG WORK) TO mR. wALBY'S OWN SPEC-iAL ROUT-iNES. wH-iLE Th-iS WORK WAS BE-iNG COMPLETED/ mR. wALBY CONT-iNUED WORK ON H-iS D-iCT-iONARY/ WH-iCH -iS NOW CONS-iDERABLY EXPANDED. bECAUSE OF ThE -iMMENSE S-iZE OF ThE F-iLES (NOW TOTALL-iNG SEVERAL M-iLL-iON BYTES)/ acip -iS RELEAS-iNG -iT SEPARATELYH LOOK FOR AN ANNOUNCEMENT FROM US -iN ThE F-iRST HALF OF 1993. pREL-iM-iNARY rEPORT ON sCANNED iNPUT OF ThE mAHAVYUTPATT-i acip HAS RECENTLY RECE-iVED A SMALL SAMPLE OF AN EFFORT BY mR. rOBERT lACEY OF nEW yORK sTATE/ usa/ TO PRODUCE A DEF-iN-iT-iVE ED-iT-iON OF ThE FAMED sANSKR-iT-t-iBETAN LEX-iCOGRAPH-iCAL WORK/ ThE mAHAVYUTPATT-i/ -iN D-iG-iTAL FORM. tH-iS -iS CERTA-iNLY AN -iMPORTANT UNDERTAK-iNG/ ALThOUGH BOUND TO TAKE A CONS-iDERABLE AMOUNT OF T-iME TO COMPLETE. mR. lACEY -iS AN ADV-iSOR TO ThE pROJECT -iN SCANN-iNG TECHNOLOGY AND -iS UT-iL-iZ-iNG Th-iS METhOD TO -iNPUT ThE DATA OF SEVERAL EX-iST-iNG HARD-COPY ED-iT-iONS/ FOR COMPAR-iSON. acip W-iLL CONT-iNUE TO -iSSUE UPDATES OF Th-iS PROJECT. acip cATALOG-iNG pROJECTS tHE sA-iNT pETERSBURG cATALOG pERHAPS ThE MOST EXC-iT-iNG DEVELOPMENT AT acip -iN ThE LAST YEAR HAS BEEN ThE CONCLUS-iON OF A CONTRACT W-iTh ThE sA-iNT pETERSBURG BRANCH OF ThE iNST-iTUTE OF oR-iENTAL sTUD-iES OF ThE rUSS-iAN aCADEMY OF sC-iENCES/ FOR ThE JO-iNT PRODUCT-iON OF A CATALOG OF ThE iNST-iTUTE'S COLLECT-iON OF t-iBETAN CLASS-iCAL PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL L-iTERATURE. w-iTh ThE DESTRUCT-iON OF ThE NAT-iVE L-iBRAR-iES OF t-iBET/ Th-iS COLLECT-iON -iS ThOUGHT TO BE ONE OF ThE LARGEST/ -iF NOT ThE LARGEST/ DEPOS-iTOR-iES OF SUCH BOOKS -iN ThE WORLD. iT -iS EST-iMATED ThAT ThERE COULD BE F-iFTY TO SEVENTY ThOUSAND SEPARATE WORKS. oVER ThE YEARS/ ThE XYLOGRAPH WOODBLOCK PR-iNTS HAVE BEEN CAREFULLY ShELVED AND PRESERVED/ W-iTh NOTES ON ThE CONTENTS OF EACH TEXT WR-iTTEN OUT AND ATTACHED TO EACH TEXT BY ThE l-iBRAR-iAN OF ThE cOLLECT-iON/ dR. l.s. sAV-iTSKY. uNT-iL NOW/ HOWEVER/ ThERE HAS BEEN NO FORMAL CATALOG TO ThE COLLECT-iON/ AND ThEREFORE NO RECORD OF -iTS CONTENTS FOR SCHOLARS WORLDW-iDE TO PURV-iEW FOR BOOKS ThEY M-iGHT NEED FOR ThE-iR PART-iCULAR RESEARCH SPEC-iALTY. iN jULY 1992/ acip STAFF V-iS-iTED ThE iNST-iTUTE AND CONDUCTED SEVERAL DAYS OF D-iSCUSS-iONS W-iTh -iTS STAFF AND D-iRECTOR/ pROF. yU. a. pETROSYAN/ ABOUT ThE POSS-iB-iL-iTY OF A COLLABORAT-iVE EFFORT. aN AGREEMENT WAS S-iGNED BY WH-iCH STAFF FROM acip'S DATA ENTRY FAC-iL-iTY AT sERA mEY mONAST-iC uN-iVERS-iTY -iN SOUTh iND-iA W-iLL COME TO sT. pETERSBURG AND COMPLETE ThE NECESSARY -iNPUT OF T-iTLES AT A SPEC-iALLY PREPARED OFF-iCE -iN ThE iNST-iTUTE -iTSELF. a COMM-iTTEE CONS-iST-iNG OF ThE FOLLOW-iNG MEMBERS W-iLL OVERSEE ThE PRODUCT-iON OF ThE CATALOGH dR. l.s. sAV-iTSKY AS d-iRECTOR; mR. m-iCHAEL rOACH (acip'S HEAD) AS aSS-iSTANT d-iRECTOR; dR. w.l. uSPENSKY/ aSS-iSTANT d-iRECTOR; AND dR. e.a. rEZVAN/ cOMPUTER AND cOMMERC-iAL sUPPORT. tHE CATALOG W-iLL -iNCLUDE BAS-iC -iNFORMAT-iON SUCH AS T-iTLE/ AUThOR/ PLACE AND DATE OF PUBL-iCAT-iON/ XYLOGRAPH MEASUREMENTS/ NUMBER OF PAGES/ AND SO ON. tHE COMPLET-iON OF Th-iS BAS-iC CATALOG COULD REQU-iRE SEVERAL YEARS OF WORK/ SO PARTS OF -iT W-iLL BE RELEASED AT REGULAR -iNTERVALS. acip W-iLL PRODUCE/ D-iSSEM-iNATE/ AND HAVE ThE COPYR-iGHT TO ThE CATALOG ON D-iSK. iT -iS ALSO AUThOR-iZED TO RELEASE A BOOK COPY OF ThE CATALOG -iF -iT W-iShES. tHE iNST-iTUTE HAS WELL HAS ThE R-iGHT TO PRODUCE A BOOK COPY/ AND HOPES TO DO SO AFTER -iTS STAFF HAS -iNCLUDED MORE ANNOTAT-iONS OF EACH T-iTLE. tHE D-iSKETTE VERS-iON W-iLL BE LABELED W-iTh ThE iNST-iTUTE'S NAME/ ALONG W-iTh acip'S NAME AS COLLABORATOR. tHE CATALOG -iS ENV-iS-iONED AS A DEF-iN-iT-iVE L-iST OF ThE CONTENTS OF ThE COLLECTED WORKS OF NAT-iVE t-iBETAN PH-iLOSOPHERS/ S-iNCE EVERY SEPARATE WORK/ NO MATTER HOW BR-iEF/ W-iLL BE G-iVEN A UN-iQUE CATALOG NUMBER AND ENTRY. acip -iNTENDS TO ASS-iST ThE iNST-iTUTE -iN DEF-iN-iNG ESPEC-iALLY RARE AND VALUABLE WORKS/ AND TO PROV-iDE TECHN-iCAL ASS-iSTANCE AND DATA ENTRY SERV-iCES ShOULD ThE iNST-iTUTE W-iSh TO PUBL-iSh SUCH TEXTS. tHE pROJECT AND ThE iNST-iTUTE W-iLL WORK TOGEThER TO DEF-iNE AND EQU-iP A PROGRAM BY WH-iCH SCHOLARS WORLDW-iDE WHO USE ThE CATALOG MAY SUBM-iT ORDERS FOR COP-iES OF SELECTED MATER-iALS; Th-iS W-iLL ALSO PROV-iDE SOME OF ThE F-iNANC-iAL SUPPORT ThAT ThE iNST-iTUTE W-iLL NEED -iN FUTURE YEARS TO PROPERLY MA-iNTA-iN ThE COLLECT-iON. f-iNALLY/ acip HAS BEEN GRANTED PERM-iSS-iON TO COPY AND -iNPUT A SPEC-iF-iED NUMBER OF TEXTS WH-iCH ARE OF PART-iCULAR -iMPORTANCE -iN ThE TRAD-iT-iONAL CURR-iCULUM AT sERA mEY t-iBETAN uN-iVERS-iTY/ BUT WH-iCH ARE NOT OThERW-iSE AVA-iLABLE. aS EV-iDENCED -iN ThE USER PROF-iLE CHARTS ShOWN HERE -iN ThE DOCUMENTAT-iON/ acip -iS A TRULY PAN-WORLD EFFORT. tHE PROPOSED COLLABORAT-iON WORKED OUT W-iTh ThE iNST-iTUTE OF oR-iENTAL sTUD-iES AFTER MANY HOURS OF TALKS -iS A GOOD EXAMPLE OF ThE SP-iR-iT OF SCHOLARLY COOPERAT-iON WE WOULD L-iKE acip TO REFLECT. acip WOULD L-iKE TO EXPRESS -iTS GRAT-iTUDE TO A NUMBER OF PART-iES WHO HAVE MADE ThE sT. pETERSBURG PROPOSAL POSS-iBLE. tHE TALKS AND AGREEMENT COULD NEVER HAVE TAKEN PLACE W-iThOUT ThE GOOD WORK OF lAMA lOBSANG tHARCH-iN/ A YOUNG bUR-iAT mONGOL-iAN MONK SCHOLAR/ AND mS. eLENA kHARKOVA/ A DED-iCATED rUSS-iAN L-iNGU-iST/ BOTh FROM ThE kUNTSECHNO-iNE-i dATSANG bUDDH-iST sOC-iETY OF sT. pETERSBURG. oThER MEMBERS OF ThE dATSANG PROV-iDED acip STAFF W-iTh MUCH HOSP-iTAL-iTY AND ASS-iSTANCE DUR-iNG ThE TR-iP AS WELL. dR. l.s. sAV-iTSKY AND dR. w.l. uSPENSKY/ BOTh RESPECTED oR-iENTAL-iSTS AT ThE iNST-iTUTE/ SPENT MANY HOURS -iN MEET-iNGS W-iTh acip STAFF TO MAKE ThE F-iNAL AGREEMENT POSS-iBLE. dR. yU. a. pETROSYAN/ ThE d-iRECTOR OF ThE iNST-iTUTE/ WELCOMED ThE acip REPRESENTAT-iVES W-iTh A S-iNCERELY -iNTERNAT-iONAL WARMTh AND CONCERN FOR ThE COMMON GOOD OF ThE WORLD SCHOLAST-iC COMMUN-iTY. mOST -iMPORTANTLY/ acip WOULD L-iKE TO EXPRESS -iTS ThANKS TO ThE bUDDH-iST cULTURAL eXCHANGE rESEARCH iNST-iTUTE OF yU-iShO j-i/ jAPAN/ WH-iCH WAS APPROACHED BY acip SEVERAL YEARS AGO TO HELP W-iTh SUCH A PROJECT/ AND WH-iCH HAS K-iNDLY AGREED TO PROV-iDE ThE PR-iNC-iPAL ShARE OF ThE FUND-iNG NEEDED FOR -iTS COMPLET-iON. pREL-iM-iNARY aGREEMENT W-iTh ThE l-iBRARY OF ThE uN-iVERS-iTY OF sA-iNT pETERSBURG dUR-iNG ThE TR-iP TO sT. pETERSBURG/ acip WORKERS ALSO HAD AN OPPORTUN-iTY TO V-iS-iT ThE L-iBRARY OF ThE oR-iENTAL sTUD-iES dEPARTMENT OF ThE uN-iVERS-iTY OF sT. pETERSBURG/ WH-iCH HAS A F-iNE TRAD-iT-iON OF aS-iAN SCHOLARSh-iP STRETCH-iNG BACK WELL OVER A HUNDRED YEARS. tHE uN-iVERS-iTY HAS A COLLECT-iON OF t-iBETAN WOODBLOCK TEXTS WH-iCH -iS NOT AS LARGE AS ThAT OF ThE iNST-iTUTE NEARBY/ BUT WH-iCH NONEThELESS CONTA-iNS AN EXQU-iS-iTE SELECT-iON OF ThE MOST -iMPORTANT WORKS OF t-iBETAN SCHOLARSh-iP/ CHOSEN CAREFULLY BY ThE FAMED oR-iENTAL-iSTS AT ThE uN-iVERS-iTY ThROUGHOUT -iTS H-iSTORY. acip RECE-iVED A WARM WELCOME FROM ThE d-iRECTOR OF ThE oR-iENTAL l-iBRARY/ dR. a. zHUKOVSKAYA/ AND HELD CORD-iAL TALKS W-iTh dR. nATALJA sHESh-iNA/ ThE cH-iEF d-iRECTOR OF ThE ENT-iRE L-iBRARY SYSTEM AT ThE uN-iVERS-iTY. a PREL-iM-iNARY AGREEMENT WAS REACHED BY WH-iCH acip DATA ENTRY OPERATORS W-iLL BE ABLE TO CREATE A D-iSK CATALOG OF Th-iS COLLECT-iON TOO/ AS A S-iDE PROJECT WH-iLE ThEY ARE -iN ThE C-iTY. pREL-iM-iNARY aGREEMENT W-iTh ThE l-iBRARY OF ThE gOVERNMENT OF mONGOL-iA iN sEPTEMBER 1992/ SEVERAL acip STAFF MEMBERS MET W-iTh dR. r-iNCHEN oTGON/ ThE d-iRECTOR OF ThE sTATE l-iBRARY OF mONGOL-iA/ AND mS. dUGERSUREN tUVA/ ThE d-iRECTOR OF ThE sTATE cH-iLDREN'S l-iBRARY. tHESE CONGEN-iAL TALKS ENDED W-iTh ThE CONCLUS-iON OF A PREL-iM-iNARY AGREEMENT BY WH-iCH acip W-iLL CREATE A D-iSKETTE CATALOG OF ThE COLLECT-iON OF CLASS-iCAL t-iBETAN PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL MANUSCR-iPTS AT ThE sTATE l-iBRARY. tH-iS COLLECT-iON -iS SA-iD TO RANK -iN S-iZE W-iTh ThAT OF ThE iNST-iTUTE -iN sT. pETERSBURG/ ALThOUGH -iT MAY CONTA-iN A LARGER NUMBER OF REPEATED T-iTLES. acip STAFF -iNTEND TO MEET AGA-iN W-iTh GOVERNMENT OFF-iC-iALS -iN mONGOL-iA DUR-iNG ThE F-iRST HALF OF 1993/ TO F-iNAL-iZE A WR-iTTEN AGREEMENT/ AND ThEN SEND A TEAM OF ENTRY OPERATORS TO uLAN bAATAR ONCE ThE sT. pETERSBURG PROJECT -iS WELL UNDER WAY. acip oPERAT-iONS uPDATE dERGE tENGYUR aCQU-iS-iT-iON uPDATE acip rELEASE oNE -iNCLUDED A F-iLE OF ERRATA WH-iCH DOCUMENTED ThE FACT ThAT ThE ONLY COMMONLY AVA-iLABLE ED-iT-iON OF ThE tENGYUR/ ThE CLASS-iCAL COLLECT-iON OF sANSKR-iT TEXTS -iN t-iBETAN TRANSLAT-iON TARGETED FOR -iNPUT BY ThE pROJECT/ WAS TOO CORRUPT FOR ENTRY. s-iNCE ThAT T-iME acip HAS BEEN COMB-iNG ThE WORLD FOR ANOThER ED-iT-iON WH-iCH M-iGHT BE MADE AVA-iLABLE FOR ENTRY. wE WERE LOOK-iNG FOR A dERGE ED-iT-iON/ S-iNCE Th-iS -iS CONS-iDERED AN ACCURATE ED-iT-iON AND HAS ALSO BEEN ThE SUBJECT OF VAR-iOUS CATALOG-iNG EFFORTS PREV-iOUSLY. wE ARE HAPPY TO REPORT SUCCESS -iN TWO AREAS. f-iRST OF ALL/ ThE pROJECT HAS BEEN PRESENTED A COMPLETE SET OF ALL ThE VOLUMES OF ThE dERGE tENGYUR PUBL-iShED SO FAR BY tOKYO uN-iVERS-iTY. tH-iS SUBSUMES ThE SECT-iONS ON mADHYAM-iKA (DbU-MA)/ c-iTTAMATRA (sEMS-TZAM)/ AND pRAMANA (tSAD-MA)/ WH-iCH ACCOUNT FOR MUCH OF ThE STR-iCTLY PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL SECT-iONS OF ThE COLLECT-iON AND WERE -iN FACT ThE PARTS ThAT acip HAD -iNTENDED TO -iNPUT F-iRST. wE ThEREFORE HAVE SUFF-iC-iENT ACCURATE tENGYUR MATER-iAL TO -iNPUT FOR ThE NEXT FEW YEARS. aGA-iN Th-iS G-iFT HAS BEEN MADE ThROUGH ThE bUDDH-iST cULTURAL eXCHANGE rESEARCH iNST-iTUTE OF yU-iShO j-i/ jAPAN/ AND acip WOULD L-iKE TO EXPRESS -iTS S-iNCERE GRAT-iTUDE TO ThE SPONSORS ThERE WHO MADE -iT POSS-iBLE. tHE BOOKS HAVE ALL BEEN RECE-iVED AT ThE acip nEW yORK AREA OFF-iCE/ AND DUE TO ThE UNCERTA-iNTY OF iND-iA'S MA-iL SYSTEM/ STAFF MEMBERS V-iS-iT-iNG ThE OVERSEAS DATA ENTRY CENTER HAVE BEEN CARRY-iNG ThE VOLUMES OVER PERSONALLY -iN ThE-iR LUGGAGE. sO FAR ThE ENT-iRE mADHAYAM-iKA SECT-iON HAS ARR-iVED AT ThE cENTER SAFELY/ AND -iNPUT -iS WELL UNDER WAY. sECONDLY/ acip -iS CLOSE TO CONCLUD-iNG AN AGREEMENT WH-iCH W-iLL PROV-iDE -iT W-iTh A COMPLETE COPY OF A TRAD-iT-iONAL WOODBLOCK PR-iNT OF ThE ENT-iRE dERGE tENGYUR; Th-iS W-iLL BE REPORTED ON FURThER -iN FUTURE L-iTERATURE ON ThE pROJECT. acip dATA d-iSTR-iBUT-iON cENTERS -iN eUROPE AND aS-iA aS MENT-iONED -iN ThE DOCUMENTAT-iON TO acip rELEASE tWO/ ThE pROJECT HAS CONCLUDED AGREEMENTS W-iTh DATA D-iSTR-iBUT-iON CENTERS -iN eUROPE AND aS-iA TO PROV-iDE USERS -iN ThESE AREAS W-iTh A LOCAL SOURCE FOR acip DATA. tHESE CENTERS CHARGE A MODEST FEE FOR ThE COST OF DUPL-iCAT-iON AND MA-iL-iNG; AND ANY REQUEST FOR D-iSKETTES W-iLL ALSO BE HONORED BY ThE acip OFF-iCES -iN ThE uN-iTED sTATES (SEE ThE FRONT OF Th-iS BROCHURE FOR ORDER-iNG -iNFORMAT-iON). uSERS -iN jAPAN MAY CALL/ FAX/ OR WR-iTE TO ThE acip cONTACT oFF-iCE -iN tOKYO TO REQUEST DATA. tHE ADDRESS AND STAFF -iNFORMAT-iON ARE AS FOLLOWSH acip cONTACT oFF-iCE -iN jAPAN C(O l-iNGU-iST-iCS iNFORMAT-iON rESEARCH iNC 4-9-15 kOYOMA/ sH-iNAGAWA-KU tOKYO/ jAPAN TELEPHONEH 3783-9428 FAXH 3788-6180 CONTACTSH mR. hAKUMYO n-i-iSAKU/ pROJECT d-iRECTOR mR. h-iTSUO nAKADA/ mANAG-iNG d-iRECTOR mR. yO-iCH-iRO tAKEDA/ sYSTEMS eNG-iNEER mR. kELSANG tAHUWA/ acip pROJECT rEPRESENTAT-iVE uSERS -iN eUROPE MAY CONTACT ThE oXFORD uN-iVERS-iTY tEXT aRCH-iVE/ AS FOLLOWSH tHE oXFORD tEXT aRCH-iVE 13 bRANBURY rOAD oXFORD ox2 6nn eNGLAND TELEPHONEH (0865) 273-200 FAXH (0865) 273-275 ELECTRON-iC MA-iLH ARCH-iVE@UK.AC.OXFORD.VAX CONTACTSH dR. lOU bURNARD/ d-iRECTOR/ OR dR. aLAN mORR-iSON cONTACT-iNG acip/ AND pROJECT jOB oPEN-iNGS acip F-iNALLY HAS -iTS OWN ELECTRON-iC MA-iL ADDRESS/ AND FAX NUMBERS! yOU CAN REACH US AT E-MA-iL ADDRESS AC-iP@WELL.SF.CA.US. tHE FAX NUMBERS ARE (301) 948-5569 FOR ThE wASh-iNGTON dc aREA oFF-iCE (PLEASE CALL Th-iS SAME VO-iCE NUMBER BEFORE SEND-iNG); AND (908) 364-1824 FOR ThE nEW yORK aREA oFF-iCE (Th-iS -iS BOTh ThE VO-iCE AND FAX NUMBER; FAXES W-iLL GO ThROUGH AUTOMAT-iCALLY W-iThOUT HAV-iNG TO CALL AHEAD). acip WOULD L-iKE TO REM-iND -iTS USERS ThAT WE WORK W-iTh A SMALL STAFF OF DED-iCATED BUT OVERWORKED VOLUNTEERS. wE RECE-iVE GREAT NUMBERS OF LETTERS/ -iNQU-iR-iES/ REQUESTS FOR TECHN-iCAL ASS-iSTANCE/ SOFTWARE PROGRAMS TO REV-iEW/ AND SPEC-iAL D-iSK ORDERS. wE ARE OFTEN HARD TO REACH AND DON'T RESPOND TO OUR CORRESPONDENTS AS QU-iCKLY AS WE WOULD L-iKE. pLEASE BE PAT-iENT W-iTh US AND/ -iF WE FA-iL TO GET BACK TO YOU/ PLEASE CONTACT US AGA-iN W-iTh A REM-iNDER. tHE pROJECT -iS WORK-iNG TO F-iND QUAL-iF-iED/ FULL OR PART-T-iME HELP -iN ThE wASh-iNGTON dc AND nEW yORK AREAS/ AND WE HAVE SOME FUND-iNG AVA-iLABLE FOR Th-iS PURPOSE. pLEASE LET US KNOW -iF YOU HAVE ANY SUGGEST-iONS OF PEOPLE WHO M-iGHT BE -iNTERESTED; OUR NEEDS RANGE FROM CLER-iCAL TO DATA ENTRY/ FUND-RA-iS-iNG/ t-iBETAN AND sANSKR-iT TEXT ED-iT-iNG/ TECHN-iCAL WR-iT-iNG/ HARDWARE OR SOFTWARE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT (FROM BEG-iNN-iNG TO ADVANCED LEVELS OF KNOWLEDGE)/ AND MANAGEMENT. wE W-iLL CONS-iDER APPL-iCANTS OF ANY AGE AND BACKGROUND. f-iNALLY/ acip WELCOMES PROPOSALS FROM ANY -iND-iV-iDUAL OR ORGAN-iZAT-iON FOR PROJECTS ThAT M-iGHT BE RELEVANT TO ThE GOALS AND ACT-iV-iT-iES DESCR-iBED -iN Th-iS BROCHURE. wE HAD A NUMBER OF -iNTEREST-iNG RESPONSES TO OUR PREV-iOUS CALL FOR PROJECTS/ AND WE'D BE HAPPY TO CONS-iDER ANY COLLABORAT-iVE EFFORT ThAT M-iGHT HELP SCHOLARS WORLDW-iDE. acip oVERSEAS dATA eNTRY AND eD-iT-iNG eXPANS-iON acip -iS PLEASED TO REPORT SUBSTANT-iAL PROGRESS -iN EFFORTS TO -iNCREASE -iTS CAPAC-iTY TO -iNPUT AND RELEASE TEXTS OF aS-iAN CLASS-iCAL L-iTERATURE. bECAUSE OF A VOCAT-iONAL TRA-iN-iNG GRANT WH-iCH WAS SECURED DUR-iNG ThE SUMMER OF 1992/ A TOTAL OF TEN ADD-iT-iONAL DATA ENTRY CENTERS ARE PLANNED TO BE OPENED -iN t-iBETAN REFUGEE COMMUN-iT-iES OVER ThE NEXT SEVERAL YEARS. tHESE CENTERS W-iLL -iNCLUDE ALL FOUR OF ThE SCHOLAST-iC TRAD-iT-iONS OF t-iBET/ WH-iCH W-iLL ThEN BE ENCOURAGED TO ASS-iST -iN ThE ENTRY NOT ONLY OF ThE CLASS-iCAL kANGYUR AND tENGYUR COLLECT-iONS/ BUT ALSO OF ThE -iMPORTANT NAT-iVE t-iBETAN COMMENTAR-iES FROM EACH TRAD-iT-iON. acip HAS BEEN CALLED UPON TO ORGAN-iZE Th-iS TRA-iN-iNG EFFORT/ AND pROJECT STAFF HAVE MET W-iTh REPRESENTAT-iVES OF EACH REFUGEE COMMUN-iTY ON S-iTE -iN iND-iA/ TO PROV-iDE BACKGROUND -iNFORMAT-iON AND SELECT APPL-iCANTS. tHE RESPONSE TO Th-iS EFFORT WAS UN-iVERSALLY POS-iT-iVEH ThE SUCCESS OF ThE sERA mEY cOMPUTER cENTER SET UP BY acip HAS BEEN OBSERVED BY t-iBETANS ThROUGHOUT iND-iA/ AND MANY YOUNG CAND-iDATES ARE EAGER TO LEARN AN -iMPORTANT AND MARKETABLE NEW SK-iLL. sUCCESSFULLY TRA-iN-iNG AND EQU-iPP-iNG ThESE CENTERS/ AND ThEN ASSUR-iNG ThAT ThEY WORK -iN A COMMON FORMAT TOWARDS A DEF-iNED COMMON GOAL/ W-iLL BE ONE OF ThE GREATEST CHALLENGES FAC-iNG acip -iN ThE COM-iNG TWO YEARS. yET ThERE ARE PERHAPS SOME 20/000 TEXTS -iN t-iBETAN/ AND A SMALLER BUT -iMPORTANT NUMBER -iN sANSKR-iT/ ThAT MUST BE -iNPUT -iF ThE DATABASE -iS TO BE TRULY COMPREHENS-iVE. tH-iS CAN ONLY BE ACCOMPL-iShED ThROUGH ThE COOPERAT-iON OF A LARGE GROUP OF ENTRY CENTERS. tHE RECENT GRANTS AWARDED TO acip FROM SEVERAL OThER SOURCES HAVE MADE -iT POSS-iBLE TO ORGAN-iZE A S-iZABLE TEAM OF ED-iTORS AMONG ThE NAT-iVE SCHOLARS OF SOUTh iND-iA. fOR ThE F-iRST T-iME/ acip HAS BEEN ABLE TO PAY A MODEST WAGE TO QUAL-iF-iED ED-iTORS/ AND ThUS HELP TO REMOVE OUR TREMENDOUS BACKLOG OF MATER-iAL WH-iCH ST-iLL NEEDS -iTS F-iNAL MANUAL ED-iT-iNG. aS ThE pROJECT'S DATA ENTRY FORCE HAS BECOME -iNCREAS-iNGLY COMPETENT/ OUR TOTAL DATABANK HAS -iNCREASED QU-iCKLY TO SOME 40 MEGABYTES OF TEXT/ OR ABOUT 15/000 PAGES (SEE ThE ATTACHED ENTRY PROGRESS CHART). aLThOUGH EVERY FOL-iO OF WOODBLOCK TEXT -iS ENTERED -iN -iTS ENT-iRETY TW-iCE/ AND GOES ThROUGH NO LESS ThAN ThREE COMPLETE COMPUTER-iZED ED-iT-iNGS (NOT TO MENT-iON AN AUTOMATED SPELL-iNG CHECK)/ ThE F-iNAL PRODUCT MUST ST-iLL BE REV-iEWED BY A H-iGHLY QUAL-iF-iED SCHOLAR/ S-iNCE ThE BLOCKPR-iNTS ARE SOMET-iMES POORLY -iNKED/ TORN -iN PLACES/ OR S-iMPLY M-iS-CARVED TO BEG-iN W-iTh. tHE NUMBER OF SCHOLARS WHO CAN PERFORM Th-iS TASK COMPETENTLY PROBABLY DOES NOT TOTAL MORE ThAN 50 -iN ThE ENT-iRE WORLD/ AND BY DEF-iN-iT-iON ThESE ARE ThE GREAT WR-iTERS AND TEACHERS WHOSE T-iME -iS ALREADY LARGELY BOOKED. nONEThELESS/ ThE pROJECT HAS UNDERTAKEN AN AGGRESS-iVE ENL-iSTMENT CAMPA-iGN/ AND WE ARE HAPPY TO REPORT ThAT WE HAVE ED-iTORS WORK-iNG -iN EACH OF ThE MAJOR MONAST-iC UN-iVERS-iT-iES OF SOUTh iND-iA. iN PART-iCULAR/ acip HAS ENGAGED gEShE lOBSANG cHOEDAR/ A H-iGHLY -iNTELL-iGENT AND COMPETENT YOUNG SCHOLAR FROM gANDEN t-iBETAN uN-iVERS-iTY/ TO OVERSEE A GROUP OF ED-iTORS AT ThE TWO LARGE t-iBETAN UN-iVERS-iT-iES NEAR mUNDGOD/ SOUTh iND-iA. wE HOPE ThAT AS Th-iS GROUP GA-iNS CONF-iDENCE/ WE W-iLL BE ABLE TO PUT OUT MORE OF ThE EARLY kANGYUR AND tENGYUR MATER-iAL; AT PRESENT/ MOST OF ThE ED-iTORS FEEL MORE COMFORTABLE W-iTh NAT-iVE t-iBETAN WORKS AND -iT W-iLL TAKE SOME T-iME BEFORE ThEY CAN BE SW-iTCHED OVER COMPLETELY TO ThE MORE D-iFF-iCULT TRANSLAT-iONS OF sANSKR-iT OR-iG-iNALS. acip pR-iOR-iT-iZAT-iON pOL-iCY acip STAFF ARE OFTEN ASKED ThE QUEST-iONaH "hOW DO YOU CHOOSE WHAT TO PUT -iN F-iRST?" tHE VERY F-iRST BATCH OF TEXTS -iNPUT BY ThE pROJECT -iN rELEASE oNE WERE SELECTED BY SEND-iNG OUT A QUEST-iONNA-iRE TO MOST OF ThE BEST t-iBETAN AND sANSKR-iT SPEC-iAL-iSTS KNOWN TO US. tHE ANSWERS TO OUR -iNQU-iRY WERE ADDED UP/ ALMOST L-iKE AN ELECT-iON/ AND ThE W-iNNERS BECAME ThE F-iRST TEXTS -iNPUT. bROADLY SPEAK-iNG/ -iT -iS acip'S GOAL TO -iNPUT F-iRST ThE kANGYUR/ tENGYUR/ AND sUNGBUM COLLECT-iONS OF E-iThER EARLY sANSKR-iT CLASS-iCS -iN t-iBETAN TRANSLAT-iON/ OR NAT-iVE COMMENTAR-iES TO ThEM. aS DESCR-iBED ABOVE/ ThE pROJECT D-iD NOT HAVE AT -iTS D-iSPOSAL UNT-iL RECENTLY A COPY OF ThE tENGYUR WH-iCH -iT CONS-iDERED ACCURATE ENOUGH FOR RESPONS-iBLE ENTRY; AND EVEN ThOUGH MUCH kANGYUR MATER-iAL HAS BEEN -iNPUT/ ThERE ARE S-iMPLY NOT ENOUGH QUAL-iF-iED ED-iTORS ON ThE PLANET TO KEEP UP W-iTh ThE -iNCREAS-iNGLY PRODUCT-iVE ENTRY OPERATORS. nONEThELESS/ AS OUTL-iNED ALREADY -iN ThE BROCHURE/ acip -iS DEVOT-iNG MUCH OF -iTS F-iNANC-iAL AND STAFF RESOURCES TO -iNCREAS-iNG ThE OUTPUT OF ThESE TWO COLLECT-iONS. tHERE ARE A NUMBER OF C-iRCUMSTANCES UNDER WH-iCH acip W-iLL SLOW DOWN ENTRY FROM ThE TWO EARL-iER COLLECT-iONS -iN ORDER TO DEVOTE PART OF -iTS RESOURCES TO OThER TEXTS. oNE -iS ThE D-iSCOVERY OF A RARE TEXT/ SUCH AS ThE COMMENTARY TO ThE lOG-iC pR-iMER OF rATO DESCR-iBED -iN ThE OPEN-iNG SECT-iON OF Th-iS DOCUMENTAT-iON/ WH-iCH WE BEL-iEVE TO BE ONE OF ThE LAST/ OR ThE LAST/ OF ThE REMA-iN-iNG COP-iES -iN ThE WORLD. aNOThER CASE WOULD BE WHERE/ AS DESCR-iBED BELOW/ A NAT-iVE ORGAN-iZAT-iON OR -iND-iV-iDUAL HAS OFFERED TO PUBL-iSh A HARD-COPY VERS-iON OF AN -iMPORTANT PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL TEXT/ PART-iCULARLY -iF ThE PARTY HAS AGREED TO MAKE -iT AVA-iLABLE TO ThE NAT-iVE SCHOLARLY COMMUN-iTY E-iThER FREE OR W-iTh A SMALL CHARGE. tH-iS -iS ThE C-iRCUMSTANCE W-iTh EACH OF ThE ThREE MAJOR TEXTS -iNCLUDED -iN ThE PRESENT RELEASE. aNOThER EXAMPLE WOULD BE WHERE AN -iND-iV-iDUAL SCHOLAR OR GROUP OF SCHOLARS HAS MADE A REQUEST ThAT acip -iNPUT AN -iMPORTANT WORK OR COLLECT-iON OF WORKS WH-iCH W-iLL BE -iMMED-iATELY USEFUL FOR -iMPORTANT RESEARCH OR TRANSLAT-iON WORK. tH-iS -iS ThE CASE W-iTh MUCH OF ThE mAHAYANA SUTRA/ aBH-iDHARMA/ w-iNAYA/ AND LAM-R-iM MATER-iAL ALREADY -iNPUT. f-iNALLY/ ThE pROJECT -iS ESPEC-iALLY W-iLL-iNG TO D-iVERT RESOURCES TO ENTER A TEXT WH-iCH -iS UN-iQUE BY V-iRTUE OF BE-iNG A NEW AND -iMPORTANT SCHOLARLY COMPOS-iT-iON; Th-iS WAS ThE CASE W-iTh ThE eNGL-iSh-t-iBETAN D-iCT-iONARY OF ThE dEPARTMENT OF eDUCAT-iON OF ThE gOVERNMENT OF t-iBET/ AND ALSO W-iTh ThE COMMENTARY BY gEShE yEShE wANGCHUK TO ThE pRAMANAVARTT-iKA OF mASTER dHARMAK-iRT-i. acip RECE-iVES QU-iTE A LARGE NUMBER OF REQUESTS FOR TEXTS TO BE -iNPUT/ AND -iT -iS -iMPOSS-iBLE TO HONOR ALL OF ThEM -iN ThE SAME BLOCK OF T-iME/ ALThOUGH WE WOULD CERTA-iNLY L-iKE TO. wE HAVE TO MAKE HARD DEC-iS-iONS ABOUT WHAT TO -iNPUT; HOW TO ST-iCK TO OUR OR-iG-iNAL GOALS OF -iNPUTT-iNG ThE kANGYUR AND tENGYUR/ YET ST-iLL SUPPORT AND ENCOURAGE ThE EFFORTS OF ThOSE NAT-iVE SCHOLARS WHO REALLY ARE ThE L-iFE AND BLOOD OF aS-iAN PH-iLOSOPHY; WH-iCH WORKS W-iLL BE OF MORE BENEF-iT TO ThE MOST PEOPLE. sO WE ARE PLEASED TO RECE-iVE YOUR REQUESTS FOR SPEC-iF-iC TEXTS/ AND WE W-iLL CERTA-iNLY DO OUR BEST TO SUPPLY YOU (Th-iS -iS OUR REASON FOR BE-iNG); WH-iLE AT ThE SAME T-iME WE AS FOR YOUR PAT-iENCE W-iTh OUR L-iM-iTED RESOURCES -iF WE CAN'T DO SO R-iGHT AWAY. gENERALLY SPEAK-iNG/ acip CAPAC-iTY -iS NORMALLY BOOKED SEVERAL YEARS -iN ADVANCE OF -iNPUT. sERA mEY uN-iVERS-iTY tEXT sER-iES acip HAS BEEN VERY SUCCESSFUL DUR-iNG ThE PAST YEAR W-iTh -iTS EFFORTS TO ST-iMULATE NAT-iVE t-iBETAN PUBL-iSh-iNG/ -iN BOOKS D-iRECTLY FROM acip DATA/ W-iTh ThE COSTS SPONSORED -iN EACH CASE BY ThE t-iBETAN REFUGEES ThEMSELVES/ WH-iCH -iS NO MEAN FEAT S-iNCE ThE EXPENSE OF PUBL-iSh-iNG A WORK -iN iND-iA WOULD NORMALLY REPRESENT ABOUT FOUR YEARS' GROSS SALARY FOR A WELL-PA-iD OFF-iCE WORKER. iN QU-iCK SUCCESS-iON ThE pROJECT HAS SUPPL-iED W-iThOUT CHARGE ALL ThE DATA AND TECHN-iCAL EXPERT-iSE TO PRODUCE ThREE MAJOR BOOKS DUR-iNG 1992. tHE F-iRST WAS gEShE yEShE wANGCHUK'S COMMENTARY ON LOG-iC AND VAL-iD PERCEPT-iON; Th-iS WAS SPONSORED BY ThE wEN. lHATSUN r-iNPOCHE OF sERA mEY uN-iVERS-iTY ON ThE OCCAS-iON OF H-iS COMPLET-iNG ThE R-iG-CHUNG DEGREE OF NAT-iVE PH-iLOSOPHY/ WH-iCH REQU-iRES OVER TEN YEARS OF COLLEGE-LEVEL WORK. tH-iS PUBL-iCAT-iON RAN 600 PAGES/ AND SOME 700 COP-iES ARE BE-iNG SUPPL-iED TO TEACHERS AND STUDENTS ThROUGH sERA mEY. tHE SECOND PUBL-iCAT-iON WAS ThE lOG-iC pR-iMER OF rATO/ W-iTh -iTS COMMENTARY; Th-iS BOOK/ WH-iCH TOTALLED OVER 700 PAGES/ WAS SPONSORED BY rATO kYONGLA r-iNPOCHE. f-iVE HUNDRED COP-iES OF ThE VOLUME W-iLL BE HELD AT rATO mONAST-iC uN-iVERS-iTY -iN mUNDGOD/ SOUTh iND-iA/ AND SUPPL-iED TO TEACHERS AND STUDENTS/ ESPEC-iALLY AT ThE TRAD-iT-iONAL W-iNTER PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL DEBATES. aNOThER 200 COP-iES HAVE BEEN SPONSORED BY MEMBERS OF rONGPO cOLLEGE AT sERA mEY/ AND ATTEMPTS ARE BE-iNG MADE TO SUPPLY ThESE TO NAT-iVE SCHOLARS ST-iLL -iNS-iDE t-iBET. tHE Th-iRD VOLUME PR-iNTED/ WH-iCH W-iLL ACTUALLY REACH sERA mEY FROM ThE PR-iNTER ONLY -iN jANUARY 1993/ -iS ThE TEXT OF ThE oVERV-iEW OF ThE m-iDDLE wAY/ DESCR-iBED ABOVE. tH-iS BOOK RUNS 550 PAGES AND -iS BE-iNG SPONSORED BY ThE wEN. lOBSANG tASh-i/ ON ThE OCCAS-iON OF H-iS RECE-iV-iNG ThE R-iG-CHUNG DEGREE AS WELL. s-iX HUNDRED COP-iES OF Th-iS BOOK ARE BE-iNG PRESENTED TO ThE l-iBRARY OF sERA mEY/ FOR D-iSTR-iBUT-iON TO NEEDY TEACHERS AND STUDENTS. pLANS HAVE BEEN F-iNAL-iZED FOR CONT-iNUED HARD-COPY PUBL-iSh-iNG WELL -iNTO 1993/ W-iTh A NUMBER OF BOOKS ALREADY -iN ThE F-iNAL PROOF-iNG STAGES. iT -iS PART-iCULARLY SAT-iSFY-iNG TO ThE STAFF OF ThE pROJECT ThAT -iTS EFFORTS ARE PROV-iNG USEFUL NOT ONLY TO oR-iENTAL-iSTS AROUND ThE WORLD/ BUT ESPEC-iALLY TO ThE t-iBETAN REFUGEE SCHOLARS WHO W-iLL PRESERVE AND TRANSM-iT Th-iS TRAD-iT-iONAL KNOWLEDGE TO SUCCEED-iNG GENERAT-iONS. acip tRANSCR-iPT-iON cHART uPDATE aTTACHED -iS ThE LATEST VERS-iON OF ThE acip DATA ENTRY OPERATOR CHART. a FEW LESS COMMON SYMBOLS HAVE BEEN ADDED/ AND NOTES HAVE BEEN MADE CONCERN-iNG acip STANDARDS FOR ThE -iNPUT OF ThE D-iFF-iCULT sANSKR-iT STACKS. iN rELEASE tWO acip ANNOUNCED ThE AVA-iLAB-iL-iTY OF A COMPREHENS-iVE L-iST-iNGS OF ALL ThESE STACKS/ BASED ON A COMPUTER-iZED STUDY OF EARLY sANSKR-iT L-iTERATURE. wE ARE HAPPY TO REPORT ThAT ThE L-iST-iNGS HAVE BEEN USED BY A NUMBER OF DEVELOPERS TO ENABLE ThE-iR aS-iAN PR-iNT-iNG PROGRAMS TO REPRESENT ThE STACKS; ThE DAY -iS COM-iNG CLOSER WHEN PROGRAMS W-iLL -iNCLUDE ThEM -iN A COMPLETE AND CONVEN-iENT WAY. tHERE ARE MANY METhODS OF TRANSL-iTERAT-iNG t-iBETAN/ AND acip -iS BASED ON ThAT OF ThE gOVERNMENT OF t-iBET/ AS DEF-iNED BY kUNGO nGAWANG tHONDUP nARKY-iD AND OThER NAT-iVE SCHOLARS AT ThE l-iBRARY OF t-iBETAN wORKS & aRCH-iVES. tH-iS SYSTEM REQU-iRES ThE M-iN-iMUM NUMBER OF KEYSTROKES NEEDED TO ST-iLL MA-iNTA-iN UNAMB-iGU-iTY/ SO -iS PERFECT FOR A LARGE DATA ENTRY PROJECT. mOST OF ThE sANSKR-iT ThAT ThE pROJECT WORKS W-iTh -iS -iN t-iBETAN TRANSL-iTERAT-iON/ WH-iCH -iS AN EFF-iC-iENT AND -iNTELL-iGENT METhOD OF REPRESENT-iNG ThE LANGUAGE. tH-iS RESULTS -iN A FEW M-iNOR D-iFFERENCES FROM OThER METhODS OF TRANSCR-iB-iNG sANSKR-iT/ FOR EXAMPLE -iN ThE TREATMENT OF ThE 'A-CHUNG AND OF ThE PALATAL SER-iES (SUCH AS DZA FOR JA/ ThE FORMER ACTUALLY BE-iNG ThE MORE CORRECT PRONUNC-iAT-iON). s-iNCE ANY PART-iCULAR SYSTEM FOR TRANSCR-iB-iNG A LANGUAGE -iN D-iG-iTAL FORM CAN BE CONVERTED TO ANY OThER SYSTEM -iN A MATTER OF M-iNUTES/ US-iNG GLOBAL SEARCH AND REPLACE/ A RESEARCHER CAN EAS-iLY CHANGE acip DATA TO ANY SYSTEM HE PREFERS. sO Th-iS -iS/ HOPEFULLY/ ThE END OF ThE TRANSCR-iPT-iON DEBATES ThAT ALL OF US USED TO HAVE. acip f-iLE nOMENCLATURE uPDATE tHE EXPANS-iON OF acip -iNTO NEW F-iELDS HAS REQU-iRED AN UPDATE OF OUR F-iLE NOMENCLATURE STANDARDS. iN ThE PAST/ ThE EXTENS-iON "aci" HAS -iND-iCATED ThAT A F-iLE HAD RECE-iVED -iTS F-iNAL MANUAL ED-iT-iNG AND WAS READY FOR PUBL-iC RELEASE. wE ARE NOW CHANG-iNG Th-iS EXTENS-iON SO ThAT -iT W-iLL HELP -iDENT-iFY ThE LANGUAGE OF ThE DATA -iN ThE F-iLE. aT PRESENT ThE NEW EXTENS-iONS AREH "act" FOR aS-iAN cLASS-iCS t-iBETAN-ONLY DATA/ "acs" FOR aS-iAN cLASS-iCS sANSKR-iT-ONLY DATA/ AND "acm" FOR aS-iAN cLASS-iCS m-iXED-LANGUAGE DATA (SUCH AS F-iLE r0001/ e. gENE sM-iTh'S HANDL-iST TO ThE pl480 ACQU-iS-iT-iONS/ WH-iCH -iNCLUDES t-iBETAN/ sANSKR-iT/ AND eNGL-iSh). pLEASE NOTE ThAT/ AT PRESENT/ acip'S aS-iAN-SCR-iPT F-iLE V-iEWER AND SEARCH-iNG PROGRAM/ t-iBeASY/ WORKS ONLY W-iTh "act" OR t-iBETAN-LANGUAGE F-iLES. tHE EXTENS-iONS FOR GRAPH-iCS F-iLES MUST FOLLOW ThE NAME OF ThE G-iVEN GRAPH-iCS FORMAT/ SUCH AS "pcx/" -iN ORDER TO BE RECOGN-iZED BY MOST PROGRAMS/ SO CANNOT BE RE-ASS-iGNED BY ThE pROJECT OR BY USERS. acip HAS ALSO -iNTRODUCED A NUMBER OF NEW LETTERS AT ThE BEG-iNN-iNG OF F-iLE NAMES. tHESE LETTERS ARE USED TO SPEC-iFY ThE TYPE OF MATER-iAL/ AND PRESENTLY CONS-iST OF "g" FOR AN aS-iAN cLASS-iCS gRAPH-iCS l-iBRARY F-iLE/ "k" FOR kANGYUR COLLECT-iON WORKS/ "r" FOR rEFERENCE MATER-iALS/ "s" FOR sUNGBUM (NAT-iVE t-iBETAN PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL WORKS)/ AND "t" FOR tENGYUR COLLECT-iON T-iTLES. tOHOKU CATALOG NUMBERS ARE USED WHEREVER AVA-iLABLE/ CONST-iTUT-iNG k0001-k1108 FOR ThE kANGYUR/ t1109-t4569 FOR ThE tENGYUR/ AND s5001-s7083 FOR ThE sUNGBUM. pART-iC-iPAT-iNG cORRECT-iON pLAN iN ThE DOCUMENTAT-iON TO PREV-iOUS RELEASES/ acip DESCR-iBED ThE pART-iC-iPAT-iNG cORRECT-iON pLAN. iN Th-iS PLAN/ WE REQUEST USERS TO SEND US L-iSTS OF ANY ERRORS ThAT ThEY LOCATE -iN ThE DATA; FOR EVERY TEN ERRORS ThAT HAVE NOT BEEN NOTED BEFORE/ acip PROV-iDES A PREV-iOUSLY UNRELEASED TEXT OF ThE CORRESPONDENT'S CHO-iCE. acip OFTEN RECE-iVES REQUESTS FOR ThESE UNRELEASED TEXTS. wE HES-iTATE TO SEND OUT ANY COP-iES OF DATA ThAT HAVE NOT RECE-iVED ThE-iR F-iNAL MANUAL REV-iEW; S-iNCE D-iSKS CAN BE COP-iED -iN A MATTER OF M-iNUTES/ WE FEAR ThAT "D-iRTY" DATA M-iGHT BE SPREAD Th-iS WAY. nONEThELESS/ ThE DATA -iN SOME CASES -iS -iNVALUABLE FOR A SCHOLAR'S CURRENT RESEARCH/ AND WE FEEL ThAT -iT ShOULD BE SUPPL-iED QU-iCKLY/ ESPEC-iALLY S-iNCE OUR PRESENT ED-iT-iNG BACKLOG MAY MEAN ThAT ThE MANUALLY ED-iTED VERS-iON M-iGHT NOT BE AVA-iLABLE FOR SOME T-iME. tHEREFORE ThE pROJECT -iS W-iLL-iNG TO ENTERTA-iN ThESE SPEC-iAL REQUESTS/ ThROUGH ThE pART-iC-iPAT-iNG cORRECT-iON pLAN/ AND -iN ThE PAST YEAR HAS SENT HUNDREDS OF D-iSKETTES TO CORRESPONDENTS WHO HAVE SENT -iN REQUESTS. acip -iS ALSO CONS-iDER-iNG A RELEASE W-iTh-iN ThE NEXT YEAR OF SO OF A cd rom -iNCLUD-iNG ThE ENT-iRE BACKLOG OF UNCORRECTED DATA/ S-iNCE ThE DATABASE NOW TOTALS SOME 40 MEGABYTES OF DATA AND EVEN AS -iS PROV-iDES A TREASURE TROVE (CONT-iNUED BELOW AFTER sANSKR-iT sTACKS SECT-iON) aS-iAN cLASS-iCS iNPUT pROJECT eNTRY oPERATOR tRANSCR-iPT-iON cHART AS OF sPR-iNG/ 1993 a. lETTERS AND NUMBERSH (ThE FULL CHART W-iLL NOT BE V-iS-iBLE -iN ThE ascii F-iLEH PLEASE REFER TO PR-iNTED rELEASE tHREE bROCHURE) 0 ã¾ 1 ã¾ 2 ã¾ 3 ã¾ 4 ã¾ 5 ã¾ 6 ã¾ 7 ã¾ 8 ã¾ 9 ã¾ 'a ã¾ a ã¾ã¾ e ã¾ã¾ã¾ ai ã¾ã¾ã¾ a-i ã¾ã¾ã¾ i ã¾ã¾ã¾ aM ã¾ã¾ã¾ au ã¾ã¾ã¾ u ã¾ã¾ã¾ ba ã¾ã¾ b+ha ã¾ã¾ã¾ ca ã¾ã¾ cha ã¾ã¾ Da ã¾ã¾ da ã¾ã¾ Dha ã¾ã¾ã¾ d+ha ã¾ã¾ã¾ dza ã¾ã¾ dz+haã¾ã¾ã¾ ga ã¾ã¾ g.yar ã¾ã¾ã¾ã¾ g+ha ã¾ã¾ã¾ gya ã¾ã¾ ha ã¾ã¾ ja ã¾ã¾ jha ã¾ã¾ã¾ kA ã¾ã¾ã¾ ka ã¾ã¾ kha ã¾ã¾ kra ã¾ã¾ kwa ã¾ kya ã¾ã¾ la ã¾ã¾ lka ã¾ã¾ ma ã¾ã¾ Na ã¾ã¾ na ã¾ã¾ nga ã¾ã¾ nya ã¾ã¾ pa ã¾ã¾ pha ã¾ã¾ ra ã¾ã¾ rka ã¾ã¾ sa ã¾ã¾ Sha ã¾ã¾ sha ã¾ã¾ ska ã¾ã¾ Ta ã¾ã¾ ta ã¾ã¾ Tha ã¾ã¾ tha ã¾ã¾ tsha ã¾ã¾ tsa ã¾ã¾ wa ã¾ã¾ ya ã¾ã¾ za ã¾ã¾ zha ã¾ã¾ b. sPEC-iAL MARKSH (ASTER-iSKH @#) ã¾ (BACKSLAShH ?) ã¾ã¾ (sANSKR-iT V-iRAMA) (CARETH ^) ã¾ã¾ã¾ã¾ã¾ã¾ã¾ (COLONaH H) ã¾ (sANSKR-iT V-iSARGA) (COMMAH /) ã¾ (GRAVE MARKH !) ã¾ (NUMBER S-iGNaH @##)ã¾ã¾ (PARENThESESH () )ã¾ã¾ã¾ã¾ã¾ (SEM-iCOLONaH ;) ã¾ (SLAShESH ( ) )ã¾ã¾ã¾ (SPACEH ) ã¾ (DOLLAR S-iGNaH $) (PERCENT S-iGNaH %) ã¾ã¾ã¾ã¾ (LETTER X) ã¾ã¾ã¾ã¾X (LETTER O) ã¾ã¾ã¾ã¾O c. cOMMENT CODESH [bp] BLANK PAGE -iN OR-iG-iNAL [dd] P-iCTURE W-iTh CAPT-iON ON PAGE [dr] P-iCTURE ON PAGE [ls] lANYCHA SCR-iPT [?] QUEST-iON OR PROBLEM (NOT CLEAR/ DOUBTFUL/ ETC) [@#CORRECT-iON] PROBABLY CORRECT ALTERNATE READ-iNG [@#CORRECT-iON?] POSS-iBLY CORRECT ALTERNATE READ-iNG (CONT-iNUED ON NEXT PAGE) d. sANSKR-iT sTACKSH TYPE WHAT YOU SEE/ EXCEPT FOR ThE FOLLOW-iNG... bda' ã¾ã¾ã¾ã¾ b+da ã¾ã¾ã¾ dbang ã¾ã¾ã¾ d+ba ã¾ã¾ã¾ dga' ã¾ã¾ã¾ã¾ d+ga ã¾ã¾ã¾ dgra ã¾ã¾ã¾ d+gra ã¾ã¾ã¾ dgyesã¾ã¾ã¾ã¾ã¾ d+gya ã¾ã¾ã¾ dmar ã¾ã¾ã¾ã¾ d+ma ã¾ã¾ã¾ gda' ã¾ã¾ã¾ã¾ g+da ã¾ã¾ã¾ gnad ã¾ã¾ã¾ã¾ g+na ã¾ã¾ã¾ mna' ã¾ã¾ã¾ã¾ m+na ã¾ã¾ã¾ (CONT-iNUED FROM BEFORE TRANSCR-iPT-iON CHART) OF -iNFORMAT-iON TO RESEARCHERS. uNCORRECTED DATA FROM acip -iS TYP-iCALLY LEFT -iN ThE OR-iG-iNAL 5-PAGE F-iLES RECE-iVED FROM ThE OVERSEAS -iNPUT CENTER/ ALONG W-iTh F-iLE NAMES G-iV-iNG ThE OPERATOR NUMBER/ ETC; Th-iS ALLOWS US QU-iCKLY TO -iDENT-iFY A WORK AS ST-iLL UNCORRECTED. uNCORRECTED DATA FROM acip -iS ABOUT 98% ACCURATE. iT W-iLL ST-iLL CONTA-iN SOME ERRORS DUE TO -iDENT-iCAL ENTRY M-iSTAKES BY TYP-iSTS AND ED-iTORS/ OR ELSE BECAUSE OF ERRORS OR -iMPERFECT -iMPRESS-iONS -iN ThE OR-iG-iNAL WOODBLOCK. iF YOU DO REQUEST AND RECE-iVE UNCORRECTED DATA FROM ThE pROJECT/ WE ASK ThAT YOU -iNFORM US OF ANY ERRORS FOUND. pLEASE DO NOT COPY ThE D-iSK AND D-iSTR-iBUTE -iT TO OThERS W-iThOUT acip'S PERM-iSS-iON; -iT -iS SOMEWHAT FRUSTRAT-iNG WHEN WE RECE-iVE LETTERS COMPLA-iN-iNG ABOUT ERRORS -iN DATA WH-iCH WE HAVE NOT APPROVED FOR RELEASE AND HAVE ASKED CORRESPONDENTS NOT TO SPREAD. tHE mARR-iAGE OF eTh-iCS AND eMPT-iNESSH aN iNTERACT-iVE hYPERTEXT eSSAY tHE DOCUMENTAT-iON TO rELEASE tWO CONTA-iNED A PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL ESSAY GENERATED FROM acip DATA/ TO DEMONSTRATE HOW POWERFUL AND EFFECT-iVE -iT CAN BE TO SEARCH ThOUSANDS OF PAGES OF CLASS-iCAL TEXTS TO ASSEMBLE -iN A MATTER OF HOURS EVERY -iMPORTANT REFERENCE TO A S-iNGLE GREAT PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL CONCEPT/ ThROUGHOUT ThE ENT-iRE H-iSTORY OF ThE L-iTERATURE. tH-iS ESSAY PRESENTED ThE HYPERTEXT -iDEA/ BUT ONLY -iN A L-iM-iTED WAYH ThE AUThOR OF ThE ESSAY REV-iEWED EACH OF ThE REFERENCES LOCATED W-iTh H-iS COMPUTER SEARCH/ MADE DEC-iS-iONS ABOUT WH-iCH WERE DEF-iN-iT-iVE/ AND ThEN ORDERED ThEM -iN A WAY ThAT WOULD PROVE -iNSTRUCT-iVE TO ThE READER. iN ThE rELEASE tWO BROCHURE Th-iS WAS DONE ON PAPER; -iN ACTUAL PRACT-iCE/ ThE ESSAY WOULD BE A TR-iP ThROUGH ThE TEXTS ThEMSELVES/ -iN ThE-iR OR-iG-iNAL LANGUAGES--AND A READER COULD STOP AT ANY PO-iNT TO PERUSE MORE OF ThE CONTEXT AROUND ThE SELECT-iON CHOSEN BY ThE HYPERTEXT AUThOR. hERE -iN rELEASE 3 WE W-iLL PRESENT A VERY BAS-iC -iNTERACT-iVE HYPERTEXT ESSAY. w-iTh -iNTERACT-iVE HYPERTEXT/ ThE READER -iS G-iVEN AN OPPORTUN-iTY TO MAKE CHO-iCES ABOUT ThE PATh HE W-iLL FOLLOW ThROUGH ThE DATABASE. oN PAPER Th-iS W-iLL LOOK A L-iTTLE CUMBERSOME; ON A COMPUTER SCREEN/ -iT CAN BE QU-iTE EXC-iT-iNG/ ESPEC-iALLY -iF MULT-iMED-iA -iS -iNCLUDED WH-iCH G-iVES ThE "READER" (REALLY NOW ThE AUD-iENCE/ BUT AUD-iENCE WH-iCH PART-iC-iPATES) ThE OPT-iONS NOT ONLY OF PR-iNT BUT OF SOUND/ P-iCTURES/ AND EVEN V-iDEO/ WHERE Th-iS SERVES (AS bEN fRANKL-iN SA-iD OF H-iS ALAMANACS) TO EDUCATE BY ENTERTA-iN-iNG. aT ThE END OF ThE ESSAY WE'LL SAY A L-iTTLE ABOUT ThE FUTURE OF Th-iS MED-iUM/ AND ABOUT ThE FUTURE OF BOOKS ThEMSELVES/ WHEThER ThEY PAPERBACK NOVELS OR WOODBLOCK aS-iAN CLASS-iCS. tHE mARR-iAGE OF eTh-iCS AND eMPT-iNESS tHE CONCEPT OF "EMPT-iNESS" -iS ONE OF ThE DEEPEST AND MOST W-iDELY M-iSUNDERSTOOD SUBJECTS OF ThE aS-iAN PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL CLASS-iCS. tHE SUBJECT OF ETh-iCS -iS BETTER UNDERSTOOD/ BUT -iN OUR T-iMES ThERE SEEM TO BE FEW COMPELL-iNG REASONS TO ETh-iCS TO DA-iLY L-iFE. iN Th-iS ESSAY WE W-iLL ShOW HOW ThE PROFOUND -iDEAS OF EMPT-iNESS AND ETh-iCS GO HAND -iN HANDH HOW ThEY ARE/ -iN A SENSE/ MARR-iED TO EACH OThER. sCREEN 001 (ACCESSED FROM ALL SCREENS) tHE d-iAMOND-cUTTER sUTRA -iS ThE OLDEST COMPLETE PR-iNTED BOOK -iN ThE WORLD. tHE TEXT CONS-iSTS OF A CONVERSAT-iON ThAT TOOK PLACE 2/500 YEARS AGO/ BETWEEN sHAKYAMUN-i bUDDHA AND H-iS STUDENT sUBHUT-i/ ON ThE SUBJECT OF W-iSDOM. iN Th-iS SUTRA/ ThE bUDDHA DECLARES-- sUBHUT-i/ i TELL YOU Th-iSH ThE bUDDHAS/ tHOSE wHO HAVE gONE tHAT wAY/ SAY ThAT ThE Th-iNGS WE CALL GOOD DEEDS ARE Th-iNGS WH-iCH ARE S-iMPLE NOTh-iNGNESS/ AND Th-iS -iS WHY WE CAN CALL ThEM GOOD DEEDS. [kd0016/ FOL-iO 232a] tO F-iND OUT MORE ABOUT ThE -iDEA OF NOTh-iNGNESS/ PUT ThE COMPUTER SCREEN CURSOR UNDER ThAT WORD AND H-iT ThE "ENTER" KEY/ OR ELSE PO-iNT YOUR MOUSE AT -iT/ AND DOUBLE-CL-iCK ThE MOUSE. [uSER -iS TAKEN TO SCREEN 002.] tO F-iND OUT MORE ABOUT ThE -iDEA OF GOOD DEEDS/ PO-iNT AND CL-iCK NEAR ThESE WORDS. [uSER -iS TAKEN TO SCREEN 003.] yOU CAN ALWAYS RE-TRACE YOUR PATh AND RETURN TO ThE PREV-iOUS SCREEN(S) BY H-iTT-iNG ThE "PAGE UP" KEY. sCREEN 002 (ACCESSED FROM SCREENS 001/ 009/ 010/ 011) wHEN WE SAY AN OBJECT HAS "NOTh-iNGNESS"--WHEN WE SAY ThAT -iT -iS "NOTh-iNG" OR "EMPTY" OR "BLANK"--WE MEAN ThAT ThE OBJECT HAS NO SELF-NATUREH NO NATURE OF -iTS OWN. sAY ThAT A FELLOW WORKER AT OUR OFF-iCE SEEMS UNPLEASANT TO US. iF BE-iNG UNPLEASANT WERE H-iS SELF-NATURE/ ThEN HE WOULD SEEM UNPLEASANT TO EVERYONE. bUT HE DOESN'T/ BECAUSE TO H-iS W-iFE HE SEEMS PLEASANT. tHEREFORE/ HE HAS NO SELF-NATURE. tH-iS -iS ThE SENSE -iN WH-iCH HE -iS BLANK/ OR EMPTY/ OR NOTh-iNG. tHE GREAT aS-iAN PH-iLOSOPHER cHANDRAK-iRT-i/ WHO L-iVED ABOUT TWELVE CENTUR-iES AGO/ EXPRESSED Th-iS TRUTh AS FOLLOWSH aND SO -iT -iS W-iTh A CRAV-iNG SP-iR-iT wHO SEES A R-iVER OF WATER AS PUS; iN ShORT/ Th-iS -iS HOW TO UNDERSTAND tHE PO-iNT ThAT SAYS ThAT M-iND -iS NOTh-iNG jUST AS MUCH AS WHAT -iT KNOWS. [td3861/ FOL-iO 207b] mASTER cHANDRAK-iRT-i WAS TALK-iNG ABOUT K-iNDS OF BE-iNGS WHO -iN ThE-iR PAST WERE ST-iNGY AND HARMFUL TO OThERS/ WH-iCH PLANTED SEEDS -iN ThE-iR M-iNDS ThAT LATER MADE ThEM Th-iNK ThEY SEE A NORMAL R-iVER OF WATER AS A STREAM OF PUS. bUT ThE R-iVER -iS JUST BLANKH L-iKE OUR OFF-iCE MATE/ -iT HAS NO SELF-NATURE OF BE-iNG PLEASANT OR D-iSGUST-iNG. hOW -iT APPEARS TO BE ALL DEPENDS ON WHO -iS LOOK-iNG AT -iT/ WHO -iS Th-iNK-iNG ABOUT -iT/ AND WHAT MENTAL SEEDS HE HAS. aND ThE M-iND Th-iNK-iNG ABOUT ThE R-iVER -iS JUST AS EMPTY AS ThE R-iVER. cL-iCK ON ThE WORD SELF-NATURE TO F-iND OUT MORE ABOUT -iT. [uSER -iS TAKEN TO SCREEN 004.] cL-iCK ON ThE WORDS MENTAL SEEDS TO F-iND OUT MORE ABOUT ThEM. [uSER -iS TAKEN TO SCREEN 005.] sCREEN 003 (ACCESSED FROM SCREENS 001/ 010/ 012) gOOD DEEDS/ OR WHAT WE CALL "MORAL-iTY" OR "ETh-iCS/" ARE DEF-iNED BY ThE MATCHLESS t-iBETAN PH-iLOSOPHER jE tSONGKAPA (1357-1419)/ COMMENT-iNG ON A TREAT-iSE BY ThE MASTER gUNAPRABHA/ WHO L-iVED ABOUT ONE AND A HALF ThOUSAND YEARS AGOH mORAL-iTY MEANS TRY-iNG NEVER TO HARM/ OR EVEN START TO HARM/ ANOThER L-iV-iNG BE-iNG/ AND DO-iNG Th-iS BECAUSE YOU YOURSELF WANT TO ESCAPE FROM SUFFER-iNG. [s5275(63)] iN ThE-iR MOST ABBREV-iATED FORM/ ThERE ARE TEN GOOD DEEDS. tHESE ARE/ TRY-iNG NOT TO K-iLL/ STEAL/ DO WRONG SEX/ L-iE/ SAY D-iV-iS-iVE Th-iNGS/ SAY SOMETh-iNG HARSh/ SPEAK MEAN-iNGLESSLY/ COVET/ FEEL GOOD ABOUT OThERS' PROBLEMS/ OR HAVE WRONG V-iEWS (SUCH AS -iGNORANCE) ABOUT Th-iNGS. cONT-iNUED ON sCREEN 003a sCREEN 003a (CONT-iNUED FROM sCREEN 003) hOW CAN AVO-iD-iNG ThESE BAD DEEDS/ WH-iCH -iS A GOOD DEED/ HELP US TO ESCAPE SUFFER-iNG? tHE ACT-iONS ARE BAD BECAUSE WHEN WE SEE OURSELVES DO ThEM -iT CREATES A SEED -iN OUR M-iNDS/ TO SEE OURSELVES BE HURT LATER. wHEN ThE HURT COMES TO US/ WHEN SOMEONE L-iKE AN UNPLEASANT PERSON AT OUR OFF-iCE COMES TO HURT US/ WE DON'T UNDERSTAND ThAT HE -iS JUST APPEAR-iNG BECAUSE OF OUR OWN PERCEPT-iONS. tHEN WE REACT TO STOP H-iM FROM HURT-iNG US/ OFTENT-iMES BY HARM-iNG H-iM. tHEN WE PLANT ANOThER SEED/ TO SEE ANOThER UNPLEASANT PERSON/ WH-iCH MAKES US HARM AGA-iN...AND SO ON/ -iN A GREAT C-iRCLE OF L-iFE. cL-iCK ON ThE WORD SUFFER-iNG TO SEE -iTS SPEC-iAL MEAN-iNG -iN aS-iAN PH-iLOSOPHY. [uSER -iS TAKEN TO SCREEN 010.] cL-iCK ON ThE WORD -iGNORANCE TO F-iND OUT MORE ABOUT Th-iS -iDEA. [uSER -iS TAKEN TO SCREEN 004.] cL-iCK ON ThE WORD DEEDS TO LEARN MORE ABOUT WHAT ThEY ARE. [uSER -iS TAKEN TO SCREEN 011.] cL-iCK ON ThE WORDS SEED -iN OUR M-iNDS TO F-iND OUT MORE ABOUT MENTAL SEEDS. [uSER -iS TAKEN TO SCREEN 005.] cL-iCK ON ThE WORDS C-iRCLE OF L-iFE TO LEARN MORE ABOUT Th-iS CONCEPT. [uSER -iS TAKEN TO SCREEN 006.] sCREEN 004 (ACCESSED FROM SCREENS 002/ 003/ 005/ 010) aS WE SAW BEFORE/ NOTh-iNG HAS A SELF-NATURE/ SO "SELF-NATURE" -iS A L-iTTLE HARD TO DESCR-iBE. wHAT WE HAVE TO DO -iS -iMAG-iNE WHAT A SELF-NATURE WOULD BE L-iKE -iF -iT D-iD EX-iST/ AND ThEN WE W-iLL SEE ThAT -iT CAN'T. tH-iS -iS WHAT ThE -iLLUSTR-iOUS 8Th-CENTURY PH-iLOSOPHER sHANT-iDEVA MEANT WHEN HE SA-iD/ uNT-iL YOU ENCOUNTER ThE Th-iNG YOU Th-iNK YOU SEE/ yOU W-iLL NEVER BE ABLE TO GRASP HOW -iT DOESN'T EX-iST. [t3871 QUOTED -iN s0021/ FOL-iO 51a] sO WHAT WOULD A SELF-NATURE BE L-iKE? wE HEAR AGA-iN FROM ThE MASTER Th-iNKER/ cHANDRAK-iRT-iH hERE WHAT WE CALL "SELF" REFERS TO ANY NATURE OR STATE OBJECTS COULD HAVE -iN WH-iCH ThEY REL-iED ON NOTh-iNG ELSE. tHE NON-EX-iSTENCE OF Th-iS -iS WHAT WE CALL "NO-SELF." [t3865 QUOTED -iN s0034/ FOL-iO 33b] cONT-iNUED TO sCREEN 004a sCREEN 004a (CONT-iNUED FROM sCREEN 004) wE TALKED BEFORE ABOUT A FELLOW WORKER -iN OUR OFF-iCE WHO SEEMS TO HAVE AN UNPLEASANT NATURE ALL OF H-iS OWN. bUT -iF HE D-iD HAVE Th-iS K-iND OF UNPLEASANT SELF-NATURE/ H-iS W-iFE WOULD F-iND H-iM UNPLEASANT TOO. sHE/ ThOUGH/ F-iNDS H-iM PLEASANT/ AND SO H-iS SEEM-iNG TO BE UNPLEASANT -iS NO K-iND OF SELF-NATURE ThAT HE HAS. a FELLOW WORKER AT OUR OFF-iCE WHO COULD HAVE A SELF-NATURE OF BE-iNG UNPLEASANT S-iMPLY DOESN'T EX-iST. hOLD-iNG ThAT HE DOES HAVE A SELF-NATURE -iS CALLED "-iGNORANCE/" AND Th-iS TR-iGGERS WHAT -iS KNOWN AS "ThE C-iRCLE OF L-iFE." tHE FACT ThAT H-iS SEEM-iNG UNPLEASANT REL-iES ON SOMETh-iNG ELSE -iS CALLED "DEPENDENCE." rEAL-iZ-iNG ThAT HE -iS EMPTY OF ANY SELF-NATURE/ ThAT HE -iS JUST BLANK/ AND ThAT HE SEEMS UNPLEASANT BECAUSE OF SOMETh-iNG ELSE/ -iS CALLED "W-iSDOM." cL-iCK ON ThE WORDS C-iRCLE OF L-iFE TO F-iND OUT MORE ABOUT Th-iS CONCEPT. [uSER -iS TAKEN TO SCREEN 006.] cL-iCK ON ThE WORD DEPENDENCE TO F-iND OUT MORE ABOUT Th-iS CONCEPT. [uSER -iS TAKEN TO SCREEN 007.] cL-iCK ON ThE WORD W-iSDOM TO F-iND OUT MORE ABOUT Th-iS STATE OF M-iND. [uSER -iS TAKEN TO SCREEN 008.] sCREEN 005 (ACCESSED FROM SCREENS 002/ 003/ 006/ 007/ 009/ 011) tHE -iDEA OF MENTAL SEEDS -iS AN -iMPORTANT ONE -iN aS-iAN PH-iLOSOPHY; AND -iF YOU Th-iNK ABOUT -iT/ WE -iN ThE wEST ACCEPT -iT AS WELL. tH-iS -iS WHY WE SEND OUR CH-iLDREN TO SCHOOL--WE BEL-iEVE ThAT WHAT -iS TAUGHT -iN ThE F-iRST GRADE W-iLL BE REMEMBERED -iN ThE E-iGHTh GRADEH ThAT WHAT WE KNOW -iN ThE F-iRST GRADE HELPS US TO BU-iLD UP TO WHAT WE KNOW -iN ThE E-iGHTh GRADE. wE ThEREFORE ACCEPT ThAT ThE M-iND -iS A STREAM ThAT GOES FROM ThE F-iRST GRADE TO ThE E-iGHTh GRADE/ AND WE ACCEPT ThAT WE CAN PLANT A SEED -iN Th-iS STREAM/ AND ThAT -iT W-iLL BLOOM SEVEN YEARS LATER. tHE WAY -iN WH-iCH SEEDS ARE PLANTED -iN OUR M-iND/ OR -iN US/ -iS EXPLA-iNED BY mASTER cHANDRAK-iRT-i/ WHO -iS QUOTED BY kEDRUP tENPA dARGYE AS FOLLOWSH tHERE MUST BE A PLACE WHERE ThE SEEDS ARE PLANTED/ FOR SEEDS HAVE BEEN PLANTED -iN US BY OUR -iNaHERENT HAB-iT OF GRASP-iNG TO SOME TRUE/ SELF-NATURE/ AND Th-iS HAB-iT HAS STREAMED ON -iN A FLOW W-iTh US FROM T-iME W-iThOUT BEG-iNN-iNG. tH-iS -iS TRULY SO/ FOR ThE aUTOCOMMENTARY TALKS ABOUT "ThE SEEDS TO SEE Th-iNGS/ SEEDS ThAT HAVE BEEN W-iTh US -iN ThE C-iRCLE OF L-iFE W-iThOUT BEG-iNN-iNG; SEEDS ThAT R-iPEN/ SEEDS ThAT CAME FROM ThE TENDENCY TO BEL-iEVE -iN Th-iNGS [AS HAV-iNG SOME SELF-NATURE]." [t3862/ QUOTED -iN s0021/ FOL-iO 121b] sUPPOSE ThEN ThAT WE DO HAVE SEEDS -iN OUR M-iNDS/ SEEDS ThAT R-iPEN WHEN ThE T-iME COMES/ AND MAKE US SEE WHAT WE DO/ -iN OBJECTS ThAT ARE OThERW-iSE BLANK/ OR NOTh-iNG/ W-iTh NO SELF-NATURE OF ThE-iR OWN. wHERE DO ThE SEEDS COME FROM? hOW ARE ThEY PLANTED/ WHAT MAKES ThEM GOOD OR BAD/ AND CAN WE CONTROL ThEM? tO UNDERSTAND ThESE QUEST-iONS WE MUST STUDY ThE LAWS OF CAUSE AND EFFECT. cL-iCK ON ThE WORD SELF-NATURE TO LEARN MORE ABOUT Th-iS CONCEPT. [uSER -iS TAKEN TO SCREEN 004.] cL-iCK ON ThE WORDS C-iRCLE OF L-iFE TO LEARN MORE ABOUT Th-iS CONCEPT. [uSER -iS TAKEN TO SCREEN 006.] cL-iCK ON ThE WORDS CAUSE AND EFFECT TO LEARN MORE ABOUT Th-iS CONCEPT. [uSER -iS TAKEN TO SCREEN 012.] sCREEN 006 (ACCESSED FROM SCREENS 003/004/ 005/ 009) wE SAW ABOVE ThAT -iGNORANCE -iS A STATE OF M-iND ThAT HOLDS TO SOME Th-iNG ThAT DOESN'T EVEN EX-iSTH -iT -iS GRASP-iNG TO A FELLOW WORKER AT OUR OFF-iCE ThAT COULD BE UNPLEASANT FROM H-iS OWN S-iDE/ BY H-iS OWN SELF-NATURE/ W-iThOUT DEPEND-iNG ON SOMETh-iNG ELSE. wHEN Th-iS -iGNORANCE COMES -iN TO OUR M-iND/ -iT TR-iGGERS A PROCESS CALLED ThE "C-iRCLE OF L-iFE." tH-iS PROCESS -iS DESCR-iBED BR-iEFLY BY ONE OF ThE EARL-iEST OF ThE GREAT iND-iAN PH-iLOSOPHERS/ nAGARJUNA/ -iN H-iS sTR-iNG OF jEWELS/ WH-iCH WAS WR-iTTEN NEARLY 2/000 YEARS AGOH aS LONG AS YOU HOLD TO ThE PARTS OF YOURSELF/ yOU'RE HOLD-iNG ON TO ThEM AS "ME." wHEN YOU HOLD TO "ME" ThEN YOU DO DEEDS/ aND FROM ThESE DEEDS YOU MUST BE BORN. [t4158/ QUOTED -iN s0021/ FOL-iO 3b] wHAT Th-iS MEANS -iN OUR CASE -iS ThAT WE HOLD ThE UNPLEASANT WORDS AND MANNER OF OUR FELLOW WORKER TO BE PART OF H-iS OWN SELF-NATURE/ -iNSTEAD OF SEE-iNG ThAT ThEY COME FROM DEPENDENCE. wHEN WE HOLD SOMEONE/ EVEN OURSELVES/ TO COME FROM H-iS OWN S-iDE/ ThEN WE CAN HOLD H-iS (OR OUR) QUAL-iT-iES OF PLEASANTNESS OR UNPLEASANTNESS TO COME FROM ThE-iR OWN S-iDE/ AND NOT FROM DEPENDENCE. cONT-iNUED ON sCREEN 006a sCREEN 006a (CONT-iNUAT-iON OF SCREEN 006) wHEN WE HOLD ThAT SOMETh-iNG -iS UNPLEASANT FROM -iTS OWN S-iDE/ ThEN -iT -iS POSS-iBLE FOR US TO FEEL ANGER AND OThER MENTAL AFFL-iCT-iONS. wHEN WE FEEL ANGER FOR H-iM/ WE REACT -iN DEEDS TO AVO-iD OR HURT OUR UNPLEASANT FR-iEND. wHEN WE SEE OURSELVES DO DEEDS HURT H-iM/ WE PLANT MENTAL SEEDS/ TO SEE OURSELVES BE HURT LATER/ TO BE BORN W-iTh PA-iN. tH-iS PROCESS -iS DESCR-iBED -iN A COMMENTARY TO nAGARJUNA'S WORDS ABOVE/ BY ThE t-iBETAN MASTER kEDRUP tENPA dARGYUE (1493-1568)H f-iRST YOU HOLD ThAT "ME" AND "M-iNE" COME FROM ThE-iR OWN S-iDE. bECAUSE YOU DO Th-iS/ YOU GET A K-iND OF WRONG -iDEA WHERE YOU Th-iNK ThAT OBJECTS ARE PLEASANT OR UNPLEASANT FROM ThE-iR OWN S-iDE. bECAUSE YOU DO Th-iS/ YOU GET FEEL-iNGS OF DES-iRE (WHERE YOU DES-iRE NEVER TO BE SEPARATED FROM ThE PLEASANT OBJECTS) AND OF HATRED (WHERE YOU DES-iRE TO BE SEPARATED FROM ThE UNPLEASANT OBJECTS). tHESE TWO FEEL-iNGS ThEN MAKE YOU DO DEEDS ThAT ARE E-iThER GOOD DEEDS OR BAD DEEDS. aND ThESE DEEDS MAKE YOU EXPER-iENCE ALL ThE SUFFER-iNGS OF ThE C-iRCLE OF L-iFEH ThEY MAKE YOU TAKE B-iRTh/ ThEY MAKE YOU GET OLD/ ThEY MAKE YOU GET S-iCK/ AND ThEY MAKE YOU D-iE. [s0021/ FOL-iO 149a] cL-iCK ON ThE WORD DEPENDENCE TO F-iND OUT MORE ABOUT Th-iS CONCEPT. [uSER -iS TAKEN TO SCREEN 007.] cL-iCK ON ThE WORD MENTAL AFFL-iCT-iONS TO F-iND OUT MORE ABOUT Th-iS CONCEPT. [uSER -iS TAKEN TO SCREEN 009.] cL-iCK ON ThE WORD MENTAL SEEDS TO F-iND OUT MORE ABOUT Th-iS CONCEPT. [uSER -iS TAKEN TO SCREEN 005.] cL-iCK ON ThE WORD SUFFER-iNGS TO F-iND OUT MORE ABOUT Th-iS CONCEPT. [uSER -iS TAKEN TO SCREEN 010.] sCREEN 007 (ACCESSED FROM SCREENS 004/ 006) tHE -iDEA OF "DEPENDENCE" EXPLA-iNS WHERE OUR UNPLEASANT FR-iEND COMES FROM. wE SAW ABOVE ThAT HE WAS BLANK/ ThAT HE HAD NO SELF-NATURE OF BE-iNG UNPLEASANT/ S-iNCE -iF BE-iNG UNPLEASANT WERE H-iS OWN SELF-NATURE HE WOULD SEEM UNPLEASANT TO EVERYONE/ EVEN TO H-iS W-iFE. sO WHERE -iS ThE APPEARANCE OF H-iS BE-iNG UNPLEASANT COM-iNG FROM? tHE ANSWER -iS ThAT -iT -iS COM-iNG FROM OURSELVES. h-iS UNPLEASANTNESS -iS SOMETh-iNG ThAT WE ARE -iMPUT-iNG TO H-iM/ SOMETh-iNG ThAT WE ARE ASCR-iB-iNG TO H-iM/ SOMETh-iNG ThAT WE ARE PUTT-iNG ONTO H-iM/ FROM OUR S-iDE. h-iS SEEM-iNG UNPLEASANTNESS -iS DEPENDENT UPON OUR PERCE-iV-iNG H-iM AS UNPLEASANT. nOT ONLY OUR FR-iEND/ BUT EVERY OBJECT -iN ThE WORLD -iS BLANK. wE -iNTERPRET OR -iMPUTE OBJECTS TO HAVE SOME SELF-NATURE/ TO BE PLEASANT OR UNPLEASANT/ AND EVEN TO BE ThEMSELVES/ FROM OUR OWN S-iDEH ThEY ARE A PRODUCT OF OUR PERCEPT-iONS/ ThEY DEPEND ON OUR PERCEPT-iONS. tH-iS FACT -iS REFLECTED -iN ThE sUTRA rEQUESTED BY uPAL-i/ WR-iTTEN SOME 2500 YEARS AGOH aND ThE bUDDHA SA-iD/ wHEN i HAVE TAUGHT ThE TERRORS FOUND -iN hELL/ tHOUSANDS L-iSTEN-iNG TO ME FELT DEPRESSED; bUT ThOSE WHO D-iE AND MOVE TO L-iVE -iN V-iOLENCE tHEY i SAY DO NOT EX-iST AT ALL. nONE OF ThE WEAPONS ThEY USE TO HURT YOU ThERE/ nONE OF ThE SWORDS OR LANCES/ EX-iST AT ALL. iT -iS ONLY PERCEPT-iONS ThAT MAKE ThOSE BORN -iN PA-iN sEE ThE WEAPONS FALL; ThEY DON'T EX-iST. aND NO ONE MADE ThE MANY LOVELY BLOOMS/ tHE GLEAM-iNG GOLDEN HALLS OF pARAD-iSE/ nO ONE PUT ThEM ThERE/ FOR ThEY COME TOO oNLY ThROUGH ThE POWER OF PERCEPT-iONaH tHE WORLD -iTSELF -iS ONLY A PERCEPT-iON. [k0068/ QUOTED -iN s0021/ FF 62b-63a] cONT-iNUED ON sCREEN 007a sCREEN 007a (CONT-iNUAT-iON OF sCREEN 007) sUPPOSE ThEN ThAT ThE WAY Th-iNGS ARE ONLY DEPENDS ON MY PERCEPT-iONS. dOES Th-iS MEAN ThAT i CAN MAKE ThEM BE ANY WAY i WANT/ JUST BY CHANG-iNG MY PERCEPT-iONS? cAN i JUST CHOOSE TO SEE MY UNPLEASANT OFF-iCE MATE AS PLEASANT/ AND ThAT W-iLL MAKE H-iM SO? tHE ANSWER -iS "NO"H ThE WAY HE -iS JUST DEPDENDS ON MY PERCEPT-iONS/ BUT i AM FORCED TO HAVE ThESE PERCEPT-iONS/ BECAUSE OF MY OWN MENTAL SEEDS/ AND BECAUSE OF MY OWN PAST DEEDS. cL-iCK ON ThE WORDS MENTAL SEEDS TO F-iND OUT MORE ABOUT Th-iS CONCEPT. [uSER -iS TAKEN TO SCREEN 005.] cL-iCK ON ThE WORD DEEDS TO F-iND OUT MORE ABOUT Th-iS CONCEPT. [uSER -iS TAKEN TO SCREEN 011.] sCREEN 008 (ACCESSED FROM SCREEN 004) tO UNDERSTAND W-iSDOM/ WE MUST UNDERSTAND -iTS OPPOS-iTEH -iGNORANCE. aND WE CAN UNDERSTAND -iGNORANCE BY SEE-iNG HOW -iT MAKES US UNaHAPPY/ HOW -iT CREATES ThE ThOUGHTS ThAT RU-iN OUR PEACE OF M-iND. tHESE ThOUGHTS ARE KNOWN AS "MENTAL AFFL-iCT-iONS." cL-iCK ON ThE WORDS MENTAL AFFL-iCT-iONS TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ThEM/ AND W-iSDOM. [uSER -iS TAKEN TO SCREEN 009.] sCREEN 009 (ACCESSED FROM SCREENS 006/ 008) "mENTAL AFFL-iCT-iON" -iS ANOThER WORD FOR "BAD ThOUGHT." tHE sANSKR-iT ROOT FOR ThE TERM -iS KL-iSh/ WH-iCH MEANS "TO D-iSTRESS" OR "TO BOThER." sO MENTAL AFFL-iCT-iONS ARE ThOUGHTS ThAT MAKE OUR M-iNDS D-iRTY/ WH-iCH UPSET OR D-iSTRESS OUR M-iNDS. mENTAL AFFL-iCT-iONS COME -iN TWO TYPESH ThE MA-iN MENTAL AFFL-iCT-iONS/ AND ThE SECONDARY MENTAL AFFL-iCT-iONS. a "MA-iN" MENTAL AFFL-iCT-iON -iS DEF-iNED AS FOLLOWSH a MA-iN MENTAL AFFL-iCT-iON -iS ThAT WH-iCH . . . ACTS -iN MANY D-iFFERENT WAYS TO RU-iN ThE PEACE OF M-iND OF ThE PERSON WHO HAS -iT. [s0001/ ii/ FOL-iO 38a] tHERE ARE S-iX TYPES OF MA-iN MENTAL AFFL-iCT-iONSH DES-iRE/ ANGER/ PR-iDE/ -iGNORANCE/ DOUBT/ AND WRONG V-iEWS [s0009/ FOL-iO 73a]. tHESE S-iX CAN BE REDUCED TO ThREE MENTAL AFFL-iCT-iONS/ WH-iCH ARE ALSO CALLED ThE "MENTAL PO-iSONS." tHESE ARE DES-iRE/ HATRED/ AND -iGNORANCE. sOMET-iMES DES-iRE -iS REPRESENTED -iN OLD aS-iAN P-iCTURES AS A LUSTFUL ROOSTER/ AND ANGER -iS ShOWN AS AN ANGRY SNAKE. iN ThESE PA-iNT-iNGS -iGNORANCE -iS ShOWN AS A P-iG/ ThAT HAS ThE TA-iLS OF ThE ROOSTER AND ThE SNAKE -iN H-iS MOUTh/ TO ShOW ThAT DES-iRE AND ANGER COME FROM -iGNORANCE. hOW DOES -iGNORANCE CAUSE ANGER? lET'S TAKE OUR UNPLEASANT OFF-iCE MATE AGA-iN. iF i START TO GET ANGRY AT H-iM/ -iT CAN ONLY BE BECAUSE i HAVE FORGOTTEN ThAT HE -iS EMPTY/ ThAT HE HAS NO SELF-NATURE/ NO NATURE OF BE-iNG UNPLEASANT ON H-iS OWN. i CAN ONLY GET ANGRY -iF i REALLY BEL-iEVE HE HAS A SELF-NATURE. i CAN ONLY GET ANGRY -iF i BEL-iEVE HE -iS UNPLEASANT FROM H-iS S-iDE/ AND NOT BECAUSE OF ME. iN ShORT/ i CAN ONLY GET ANGRY -iF i HOLD H-iM TO BE SOMETh-iNG HE COULD NEVER BE ANYWAY/ BECAUSE -iF HE WERE REALLY UNPLEASANT ON H-iS OWN/ H-iS W-iFE (AS WE'VE SA-iD BEFORE) WOULD F-iND H-iM EQUALLY UNPLEASANT. cONT-iNUED ON sCREEN 009a sCREEN 009a (CONT-iNUAT-iON OF sCREEN 009) iF i REAL-iZED HE WAS EMPTY OF BE-iNG UNPLEASANT BY SELF-NATURE/ i WOULD START TO WONDER WHERE H-iS APPEARANCE OF BE-iNG UNPLEASANT COMES FROM. i WOULD REAL-iZE ThAT -iT COMES FROM MY OWN PERCEPT-iONSH NOT PERCEPT-iONS ThAT i CHOOSE OR WANT TO HAVE/ BUT PERCEPT-iONS ThAT i AM FORCED TO HAVE. tHE PERCEPT-iONS GROW -iN MY M-iND FROM MENTAL SEEDS ThAT WERE PLANTED BY OThER PERCEPT-iONS EARL-iER -iN MY L-iFE/ AT T-iMES WHEN i SAW MYSELF DO DEEDS ThAT HURT OThERS. iF i REAL-iZE Th-iS/ i REAL-iZE ThAT GETT-iNG ANGRY AT MY APPARENTLY UNPLEASANT WORKMATE W-iLL ONLY PLANT ANOThER SEED/ TO SEE ANOThER EMPTY WORKMATE AS UNPLEASANT -iN ThE FUTURE. aNGER W-iLL ONLY PERPETUATE WHAT CAUSES ANGERH AND ThE C-iRCLE OF L-iFE W-iLL BE TURNED AGA-iN. iF i REAL-iZE Th-iS/ i W-iLL NOT ALLOW MYSELF TO BE ANGRY/ AND i W-iLL NEVER DO ANYTh-iNG TO HURT MY FR-iEND. tHESE REAL-iZAT-iONS ARE WHAT WE CALL "W-iSDOM/" FOR -iT SEES HOW EMPT-iNESS -iS T-iED TO ETh-iCS. cL-iCK ON ThE WORD SELF-NATURE TO F-iND OUT MORE ABOUT Th-iS -iDEA. [uSER -iS TAKEN TO SCREEN 002.] cL-iCK ON ThE WORDS MENTAL SEEDS TO LEARN MORE ABOUT Th-iS CONCEPT. [uSER -iS TAKEN TO SCREEN 005.] cL-iCK ON ThE WORD DEEDS TO F-iND OUT MORE ABOUT Th-iS CONCEPT. [uSER -iS TAKEN TO SCREEN 011.] cL-iCK ON ThE WORDS C-iRCLE OF L-iFE TO F-iND OUT MORE ABOUT Th-iS CONCEPT. [uSER -iS TAKEN TO SCREEN 006.] sCREEN 010 (ACCESSED FROM SCREEN 003/ 006/ 011) aCCORD-iNG TO ThE aS-iAN CLASS-iCS/ EVERY S-iNGLE Th-iNG WE NORMALLY SEE OR FEEL -iS NOTh-iNG BUT SUFFER-iNG. tH-iS FACT -iS D-iFF-iCULT TO UNDERSTAND/ AND -iS BEST APPROACHED BY FOLLOW-iNG ThE Th-iNK-iNG OF ThE -iNCOMPARABLE t-iBETAN PH-iLOSOPHER jE tSONGKAPA (1357-1419)/ WHO EXPLA-iNED SUFFER-iNG AS PRESENTED BY ThE GREAT aSANGA/ WHO L-iVED -iN ThE 4Th cENTURY ad. jE tSONGKAPA SAYS [s5392/ FOL-iO 147a/ ON td4035 AND td4038] ThAT WE SPEND ALL OUR L-iVES W-iTh ThREE D-iFFERENT SUFFER-iNGSH ThE SUFFER-iNG OF SUFFER-iNG/ ThE SUFFER-iNG OF CHANGE/ AND PERVAS-iVE SUFFER-iNG. aN EXAMPLE OF ThE SUFFER-iNG OF SUFFER-iNG WOULD BE HAV-iNG TO WORK W-iTh AN UNPLEASANT PERSON. wHERE D-iD HE COME FROM? wHY D-iD i EVER HAVE TO MEET H-iM? aCCORD-iNG TO ThE ThEORY OF EMPT-iNESS AND ETh-iCS/ HE -iS NOT UNPLEASANT BY SELF-NATURE/ OR ELSE H-iS W-iFE WOULD ALSO SEE H-iM AS UNPLEASANT. i MUST SEE H-iM AS UNPLEASANT BECAUSE OF MY OWN MENTAL SEEDS. i HAVE PLANTED ThESE SEEDS BY SEE-iNG MYSELF BE UNPLEASANT TO SOMEONE ELSE/ BEFORE. aN EXAMPLE OF ThE SUFFER-iNG OF CHANGE -iS A GOOD D-iNNER. iT MAY TASTE GOOD FOR ThE MOMENT/ BUT SOONER OR LATER ThE GOOD FEEL-iNG W-iLL TURN TO HUNGER AGA-iN. iT NEVER LASTS. nO NORMAL PLEASURE EVER LASTS. wHAT MAKES ThEM CHANGE? aCCORD-iNG TO ThE ThEORY OF EMPT-iNESS AND ETh-iCS/ ThE OBJECTS ARE NE-iThER HERE NOR GONE/ FROM ThE-iR OWN S-iDEH -iF ThEY WERE/ ThEY WOULD ALWAYS BE HERE OR ALWAYS BE GONE/ FOR NOTh-iNG COULD CHANGE ThEM. sO -iF i Th-iNK i SEE AN OBJECT CHANGE/ -iT -iS REALLY BECAUSE MY OWN PERCEPT-iONS HAVE CHANGED/ OR Sh-iFTED. cONT-iNUED ON sCREEN 010a sCREEN 010a (CONT-iNUAT-iON OF sCREEN 010) iF i UNDERSTAND WHAT MAKES MY PERCEPT-iONS Sh-iFT/ AND -iF i CAN STOP ThEM FROM Sh-iFT-iNG/ i COULD MAKE PLEASANT OBJECTS STAY ThAT WAY. tHE OBJECTS ARE NOT PLEASANT FROM ThE-iR OWN S-iDES; L-iKE MY OFF-iCE MATE/ ThEY ARE NE-iThER PLEASANT BY SELF-NATURE (-iN WH-iCH CASE ThEY WOULD ALWAYS BE ThAT WAY) NOR UNPLEASANT BY SELF-NATURE (-iN WH-iCH CASE ThEY WOULD ALWAYS BE Th-iS WAY). tHEY ARE BLANK/ AND i AM PROJECT-iNG SOME NATURE OF BE-iNG PLEASANT OR UNPLEASANT ON TO ThEM. mY PROJECT-iONS ARE FORCED UPON ME BY MY PAST PERCEPT-iONS/ E-iThER GOOD OR BAD/ FROM Th-iNGS ThAT i D-iD ThAT WERE GOOD OR BAD. aN EXAMPLE OF PERVAS-iVE SUFFER-iNG -iS MY OWN BODY AND M-iND. wHEN i FEEL BAD/ i AM OBV-iOUSLY SUFFER-iNG; WHEN i FEEL GOOD/ i AM ABOUT TO SUFFER WHEN -iT CHANGES TO BAD. bUT EVEN WHEN i FEEL JUST NEUTRAL/ ALL DUR-iNG ThE ORD-iNARY HOURS OF ThE DAY/ i AM SUFFER-iNG/ BECAUSE OF ThE NATURE OF MY BODY AND M-iND. tHEY MUST GET OLD/ ThEY MUST D-iE. i MUST GET UGLY AND FEEBLE/ i MUST BECOME SEN-iLE AND WEAK -iN MY M-iND. tHE SUFFER-iNG OF ME DETER-iORAT-iNG DAY BY DAY/ W-iThOUT A MOMENT'S REST/ PERVADES MY VERY BE-iNG. i TOO ThOUGH/ L-iKE MY UNPLEASANT FELLOW WORKER/ AM EMPTY. i DO NOT EVEN HAVE Th-iS SELF-NATURE/ OF HAV-iNG TO GET OLD AND D-iE/ FROM MY OWN S-iDE. i PERCE-iVE MYSELF HAV-iNG Th-iS NATURE BECAUSE OF MY MENTAL SEEDS. iF i D-iD DEEDS ThAT WERE GOOD ENOUGH TO PLANT ThE OPPOS-iTE SEEDS/ i WOULD NOT HAVE TO SEE MYSELF GET OLD AND D-iE/ i WOULD NOT HAVE TO SEE MYSELF SUFFER AT ALL. cL-iCK ON ThE WORD EMPT-iNESS TO LEARN MORE ABOUT Th-iS -iDEA. [uSER -iS TAKEN TO SCREEN 002.] cL-iCK ON ThE WORD SELF-NATURE TO LEARN MORE ABOUT Th-iS -iDEA. [uSER -iS TAKEN TO SCREEN 004.] cL-iCK ON ThE WORDS DEEDS ThAT WERE GOOD TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ThESE ACT-iONS. [uSER -iS TAKEN TO SCREEN 003.] sCREEN 011 (ACCESSED FROM SCREENS 003/ 007/ 009) "dEEDS" -iN aS-iAN PH-iLOSOPHY REFERS NOT ONLY TO WHAT WE DO/ BUT TO ThE POWER ThAT -iS CREATED BY WHAT WE DO. tHE GREAT iND-iAN bUDDH-iST Th-iNKER NAMED wASUBANDHU/ WR-iT-iNG 16 CENTUR-iES AGO/ DESCR-iBED "DEEDS" AS FOLLOWSH tHE VAR-iOUS WORLDS OF ThE UN-iVERSE COME FROM DEEDS; dEEDS ARE ThE MOVEMENT OF ThE M-iND/ AND WHAT -iT CAUSES. tHE MOVEMENT OF M-iND -iS A DEED OF M-iND. [td4089/ FOL-iO 10b] aNY T-iME WE Th-iNK ANYTh-iNG AT ALL/ ThE M-iND MOVES. tH-iS -iS A DEED -iN -iTS RAWEST SENSE. iT -iS ThESE MOVEMENTS OF ThOUGHT ThAT CAUSE US TO ACT -iN BODY OR SPEECH/ AND ThESE ACT-iONS W-iTh OUR HANDS OR TONGUE ARE WHAT WE USUALLY Th-iNK OF AS DEEDS. bUT HOW -iS -iT ThAT ThOUGHTS COULD MAKE ThE WORLDS OF ThE UN-iVERSE? iN ThE SAME WAY ThAT ThOUGHTS/ OR PERCEPT-iONS/ HAVE MADE MY OFF-iCEMATE UNPLEASANT. wE HAVE SEEN ThAT HE HAS NO SELF-NATURE OF BE-iNG UNPLEASANT/ OR ELSE H-iS W-iFE WOULD SEE H-iM AS UNPLEASANT AS WELL. sOMETh-iNG -iS MAK-iNG ME SEE H-iM AS UNPLEASANTH HE -iS ONLY BLANK/ AND SOMETh-iNG -iS MAK-iNG ME PROJECT SOME QUAL-iTY OF UNPLEASANTNESS ON TO H-iM. cONT-iNUED ON sCREEN 11a sCREEN 011a (CONT-iNUED FROM sCREEN 011) tH-iS SOMETh-iNG -iS ThE MENTAL SEEDS PLANTED BY MY PAST DEEDS. wHEN MY M-iND MOVED/ -iT CREATED AN -iMPR-iNT. wHEN ThE PROPER COND-iT-iONS ARE PRESENT/ ThE -iMPR-iNT CREATES A PERCEPT-iON. wHEN ThE PERCEPT-iON -iS BAD/ BECAUSE BAD DEEDS PLANTED A BAD SEED/ ThEN i FEEL WHAT -iS CALLED ThE "SUFFER-iNG OF SUFFER-iNG." wHEN ThE PERCEPT-iON -iS OF SOMETh-iNG PLEASANT -iN A WORLDLY WAY/ BECAUSE GOOD DEEDS DONE W-iThOUT W-iSDOM PLANTED A GOOD SEED/ ThEN i FEEL WHAT -iS CALLED ThE "SUFFER-iNG OF CHANGE/" S-iNCE ThE i W-iLL LOSE ThE PLEASANT FEEL-iNG WHEN ThE POWER OF ThE SEED RUNS OUT. iN ThE SAME WAY/ ThE SEEDS OF PERCEPT-iON ARE RESPONS-iBLE FOR EVERYTh-iNG i PERCE-iVE -iN ThE WORLDH FOR ThE VERY WORLD -iTSELF. cL-iCK ON SELF-NATURE TO F-iND OUT MORE ABOUT Th-iS -iDEA. [uSER -iS TAKEN TO SCREEN 002.] cL-iCK ON MENTAL SEEDS TO F-iND OUT MORE ABOUT ThEM. [uSER -iS TAKEN TO SCREEN 005.] cL-iCK ON SUFFER-iNG TO F-iND OUT MORE ABOUT WHAT -iT REALLY MEANS. [uSER -iS TAKEN TO SCREEN 010.] sCREEN 012 (ACCESSED FROM SCREEN 005) tHE CONCEPT OF CAUSE AND EFFECT -iS CENTRAL TO -iNTELL-iGENT Th-iNK-iNG ThOUGHOUT ThE WORLDH -iT -iS ThE BAS-iS OF SC-iENCE/ WHERE WE DEDUCE ThE CAUSES OF A Th-iNG BY STUDY-iNG ThE NATURE OF ThE Th-iNG/ ThEN TEST-iNG OUR ThEORY/ ThEN LEARN-iNG TO CONTROL ThE RESULT BY ADJUST-iNG WHAT WE NOW KNOW TO BE -iTS CAUSES. pERCEPTUAL CAUSE AND EFFECT/ ETh-iCAL CAUSE AND EFFECT/ -iS ThE SAME AS PHYS-iCAL CAUSE AND EFFECT--FOUR GREAT RULES CAN BE SA-iD TO APPLYH 1) cAUSES ARE S-iM-iLAR TO ThE-iR RESULTS. iF ThE A FRU-iT -iS SWEET/ -iT MUST HAVE COME FROM A SEED ThAT HAD ThE NATURE OF SWEETNESS. iF ThE FRU-iT -iS SOUR/ ThE SEED MUST HAVE HAD ThE NATURE OF SOURNESS. wE DON'T GET APPLE TREES FROM LEMON SEEDS/ AND WE DON'T GET LEMON TREES FROM APPLE SEEDS. tH-iS CERTA-iNTY OF S-iM-iLAR-iTY APPL-iES TO ETh-iCS AS WELLH GOOD DEEDS LEAD TO PLEASURE/ AND BAD DEEDS LEAD TO PA-iN. aS AN EARLY COMPED-iUM OF ADV-iCES STATES/ eVEN ThE SL-iGHTEST WRONG YOU DO bR-iNGS GREAT FEAR -iN ThE WORLD BEYOND; aCTS TO RU-iN YOU ThROUGH YOUR L-iFE/ pO-iSON S-iTT-iNG -iNS-iDE YOUR GUTS. eVEN ThE SL-iGHTEST GOOD YOU DO bR-iNGS GREAT JOY -iN ThE WORLD BEYOND; aCTS TO ACCOMPL-iSh EVERY GREAT GOAL/ sEED GROW-iNG -iNTO GLOR-iOUS CROPS. ["tSOMS" QUOTED -iN s5392/ FOL-iO 104a] 2) cAUSES ALWAYS GROW -iNTO RESULTS ThAT ARE MUCH GREATER ThAN ThEMSELVES. aN OAK TREE -iS -iNF-iN-iTELY GREATER ThAN ThE ACORN -iT CAME FROM/ AND ThE SAME -iS TRUE -iN ThE REALM OF ThE ETh-iCAL. 3) iF ThE SEED -iS NEVER PLANTED/ ThE RESULT CAN NEVER COME. eTh-iCALLY/ WE CAN NEVER EXPER-iENCE PA-iN -iF WE HAVE NOT DONE SOMETh-iNG BAD. cONT-iNUED ON SCREEN 012a sCREEN 012a (CONT-iNUAT-iON OF sCREEN 012) 4) oNCE ThE SEED -iS PLANTED/ AND -iF ALL ThE NECESSARY COND-iT-iONS ARE PRESENT/ NOTh-iNG CAN PREVENT ThE RESULT FROM COM-iNG. tO PUT -iT ETh-iCALLY/ ONCE WE HAVE DONE SOMETh-iNG WRONG/ PA-iN MUST COME TO US. tHESE LAST ThREE RULES OF CAUSE AND EFFECT ARE OUTL-iNED -iN A WORK FROM ThE tENGYUR KNOWN AS pRA-iSE OF ThE eXTRAORD-iNARYH bRAHM-iNS/ i TELL YOU/ GOOD AND WRONG w-iLL G-iVE ThE-iR FRU-iTS -iN MULT-iPLES; wHAT'S DONE CANNOT JUST D-iSAPPPEAR; tHE UNDONE W-iLL NEVER COME TO YOU. [t1109/ QUOTED -iN s5392/ FOL-iO 106a] aCCORD-iNG TO ThESE RULES/ -iF WE SEE OURSELVES UNDERGO SOME SUFFER-iNG/ -iT MUST COME FROM SOME SEE-iNG OURSELF -iNFL-iCT SOME SUFFER-iNG ON SOMEONE ELSE. tHE SUFFER-iNG WE W-iLL SEE OURSELVES UNDERGO W-iLL BE GREATER ThAN ThE SUFFER-iNG WE SAW OURSELVES -iNFL-iCT ON ThEM. iF WE HAD NEVER SEEN OURSELVES -iNFL-iCT ThE PA-iN/ WE COULD NEVER BE SEE-iNG OURSELVES UNDERGO PA-iN. aND -iF WE SEE OURSELVES UNDERGO PA-iN/ -iT MUST BE ThAT WE HAVE SEEN OURSELVES -iNFL-iCT PA-iN. fROM Th-iS WE CAN DEDUCE ThAT/ -iF WE PERCE-iVE OUR FELLOW WORKER AT ThE OFF-iCE AS UNPLEASANT/ WE MUST HAVE SEEN OURSELVES DO-iNG SOMETh-iNG UNPLEASANT BEFORE. iT MUST HAVE BEEN SOMETh-iNG LESS/ ThOUGH. iF WE HAD NOT DONE -iT/ WE WOULD NOT BE SEE-iNG H-iM AS UNPLEASANT. oNCE WE D-iD DO -iT/ WE WERE FORCED TO SEE H-iM AS UNPLEASANT. hE -iS BLANKH -iF WE DO NOT WANT TO SEE H-iM AS UNPLEASANT AGA-iN/ -iF WE FOREVER W-iSh TO SEE H-iM AS PLEASANT/ -iF WE W-iSh TO ACH-iEVE SOME HEAVEN WHERE WE SEE EVERYONE AND EVERYTh-iNG AROUND US SEEM PLEASANT/ WELL ThEN WE MUST ALWAYS BE PLEASANT/ ALWAYS DO GOOD DEEDS/ ALWAYS SEE OURSELVES DO GOOD. tH-iS ThEN -iS tHE mARR-iAGE OF eTh-iCS AND eMPT-iNESS. cL-iCK ON ThE WORDS GOOD DEEDS TO LEARN MORE ABOUT Th-iS CONCEPT. [uSER -iS TAKEN TO SCREEN 003.] tHE fUTURE OF ThE bOOK hERE WE W-iLL SPECULATE A B-iT ABOUT ThE FUTURE OF BOOKS. wE SEE TRENDS DEVELOP-iNG ThAT MAY CHANGE COMPLETELY ThE -iDEA OF A BOOK. cOMPUTERS ARE ShR-iNK-iNG -iN S-iZE/ AND WE ARE ALREADY SEE-iNG "PALMTOPS/" FULLY FUNCT-iONAL COMPUTERS ThAT F-iT -iN ThE PALM OF ThE HAND. wHAT W-iLL WE DO FOR A KEYBOARD? wE ALREADY SEE VO-iCE RECOGN-iT-iON BU-iLT -iNTO SOME COMPUTERS/ SO ThAT ThE OPERATOR -iSSUES BAS-iC COMMANDS BY SPEAK-iNG TO -iT. wHAT W-iLL ThE SCREEN LOOK L-iKE? cOLOR SCREENS FOR LAPTOPS ARE QU-iCKLY BECOM-iNG STANDARD. wHAT W-iLL WE PUT -iN OUR PALMTOP COMPUTERS? cd rom AND OThER MASS STORAGE DEV-iCES ALREADY ENABLE US TO PUT ThOUSANDS OF BOOKS ON A S-iNGLE D-iSK; NEW TECHNOLOG-iES ARE -iNCREAS-iNG Th-iS CAPAC-iTY/ AND ThE S-iZE OF ThE D-iSKS ThEMSELVES -iS ShR-iNK-iNG. wE W-iLL PUT/ QU-iTE S-iMPLY/ EVERY BOOK -iN ThE WORLD/ -iN EVERY LANGUAGE OF ThE WORLD/ ON OUR PALMTOP. wE W-iLL GET ON ThE BUS TO GO TO WORK/ AND PULL OUT A SMALL FLAT BOX ThAT LOOKS (TO BE SENT-iMENTAL) L-iKE A PAPERBACK BOOK. wE W-iLL SPEAK -iNTO ThE BOX AND TELL -iT ThAT Th-iS MORN-iNG WE WOULD L-iKE TO READ sHAKESPEARE'S mACBETh/ OR PERHAPS mASTER nAGARJUNA'S rOOT tEXT ON w-iSDOM. bUT W-iLL WE JUST READ? mULT-iMED-iA -iS SWEEP-iNG -iNTO OUR -iNTELLECTUAL L-iFEH WE NOT ONLY READ OUR FAVOR-iTE ENCYCLOPED-iA ON OUR COMPUTER/ WE CAN LOOK UP "jOHN kENNEDY/" READ ABOUT H-iS L-iFE/ SEE A V-iDEO OF H-iM SPEAK-iNG/ HEAR H-iM TELL US TO ASK WHAT WE CAN DO FOR OThERS/ AND NOT JUST FOR OURSELVES. wE W-iLL NOT ONLY READ/ WE W-iLL V-iEW/ AND HEAR/ AND LATER EVEN FEEL. bUT W-iLL WE HAVE NO CHO-iCE -iN WHAT WE SEE OR FEEL? nOT AT ALL; WE W-iLL RESPOND TO ThE COMPUTER/ OUR RELAT-iONSh-iP W-iLL BE -iNTERACT-iVEH ThE COMPUTER W-iLL REACT TO OUR SPEC-iF-iC NEEDS/ TO WHAT WE NEED OR WANT TO KNOW/ BY PRESENT-iNG US W-iTh CHO-iCES. tAKEN TO -iTS EXTREME/ W-iTh M-iN-iATURE EYEGLASS tw SCREENS AND ST-iMULAT-iNG BODY SU-iTS ThAT ALREADY EX-iST/ WE COULD ENTER A "V-iRTUAL" REAL-iTY/ UNDERGO-iNG A UN-iQUE SER-iES OF EXPER-iENCES ThAT WE HELP DES-iGN FROM MOMENT TO MOMENT. aND WHAT W-iLL WE CHOOSE TO BE OUR REAL-iTY? aLREADY WE SEE APPL-iCAT-iONS OF MULT-iMED-iA ACROSS ThE BROAD RANGE OF HUMAN ASP-iRAT-iONaH SOPH-iST-iCATED MULT-iMED-iA BUS-iNESS PACKAGES FOR ThOSE WHO SEEK MONEY AND AUThOR-iTY; -iNTERACT-iVE BULLET-iN BOARDS FOR ThE -iNTELLECTUALLY CUR-iOUS/ OR ThE LONELY; cd roms OF EVERYTh-iNG FROM WARS TO G-iRLS -iN SW-iMSU-iTS. p-iCK UP ANY WEEKLY NEWS MAGAZ-iNE/ ANY L-iST OF ThE CURRENT MOV-iES/ AND Th-iS -iS PROBABLY WHAT YOU W-iLL SEE ON ThE COMPUTERS TO COME. wHAT PLACE DO ThE aS-iAN CLASS-iCS HAVE HERE? aRE ThEY RESTR-iCTED TO ThE SMALL COMMUN-iTY OF aS-iAN SPEC-iAL-iSTS? wE Th-iNK NOT. iNTERACT-iVE MULT-iMED-iA/ USED W-iTh A GOOD DEAL OF CREAT-iV-iTY/ COULD -iNTRODUCE US TO ThE GREAT -iDEAS OF ThE eAST/ -iN AN ENJOYABLE AND EDUCAT-iNG FASh-iON. wE ARE A PEOPLE OF ThE tw; MOST OF US CAN KEEP OUR ATTENT-iON LONGER ON A SCREEN ThAN ON A PAGE/ EVEN -iF ThEY SAY ThE SAME Th-iNG. aLREADY ThE MATER-iALS ARE AT HAND. tHE SOFTWARE COMPANY bRODERBUND -iS RELEAS-iNG A SER-iES OF "L-iV-iNG BOOKS"H HYPERTEXT MULT-iMED-iA SOFTWARE FOR TEACH-iNG CH-iLDREN TO READ. oNE EXAMPLE -iS ThE-iR -iLLUSTRATED cd rom "BOOK" T-iTLED jUST gRANDMA AND mE. tHE CH-iLD SEES A SCREEN OF FR-iENDLY CHARACTERS W-iTh SENTENCES -iN LARGE PR-iNT/ AND HE CAN ASK FOR PARTS TO BE READ OUT LOUD/ WATCH ThE BOOK G-iVE A SEGMENT -iN AN-iMATED V-iDEO/ OR MAKE PEOPLE OR OBJECTS POP FROM BEH-iND FURN-iTURE ON ThE SCREEN. aND WHY ShOULD WE CHOOSE/ FOR WHAT WE LEARN/ ThE GREAT -iDEAS OF aS-iA? tHE REASONS ARE MANY. tHE DEM-iSE OF ThE sOV-iET uN-iON SETS ThE STAGE FOR A TRULY B-i-POLAR WORLDH ThE POWERS OF ThE pAC-iF-iC r-iM ON ONE S-iDE/ AND ThE us AND eUROPEAN cOMMUN-iTY ON ThE OThER. aLREADY N-iNE OF ThE LARGEST TEN BANKS -iN ThE WORLD ARE aS-iAN. tHE AVERAGE WAGE OF AN aS-iAN -iN ThE pAC-iF-iC r-iM W-iLL SOON SURPASS ThAT OF AN aUSTRAL-iAN. rOCKEFELLER cENTER/ MAJOR F-iLM AND RECORD COMPAN-iES/ AND MUCH LARGE BUS-iNESS -iN ThE us ARE OWNED BY aS-iANS; ThE CAR/ COMPUTER/ AND ELECTRON-iCS -iNDUSTR-iES ARE DOM-iNATED BY ThE eAST. tHE STAGE -iS SET AS WELL FOR -iNCREAS-iNG TENS-iON AND FR-iCT-iON/ AS ThE PEOPLE OF ThE wEST ADJUST TO AN -iNCREAS-iNGLY eASTERN PRESENCE -iN ThE-iR L-iVES. wE MUST LEARN TO UNDERSTAND EACH OThER'S WORLDS/ AND ThESE HAVE BEEN ShAPED BY ThE GREAT Th-iNKERS BOTh eAST AND wEST. tHE ABJECT FA-iLURE OF wESTERN D-iPLOMACY AND COMMERCE -iN ThE fAR eAST--EMBARRASS-iNG SCENES W-iTh wESTERN POL-iT-iCAL AND BUS-iNESS LEADERS -iN jAPAN/ hONG kONG/ AND cH-iNA--ALL PO-iNT TO OUR COMPLETE LACK OF EXPOSURE TO oR-iENTAL Th-iNK-iNG. iT -iS T-iME ThAT "WORLD L-iTERATURE" -iN OUR SCHOOLS WENT FARThER EAST ThAN gREECE; -iT MAY WELL SAVE OUR CH-iLDREN FROM A WORLD OF CONFL-iCT. aND WHO ARE OUR CH-iLDREN? tHE GREATEST RECENT CHANGE -iN PATTERNS OF -iMM-iGRAT-iON TO ThE uN-iTED sTATES HAS BEEN ThE -iNFLUX FROM TWO GREAT LANDS/ iND-iA AND cH-iNA/ BR-iDGED BY ThE CLASS-iCS BE-iNG -iNPUT BY acip. wE NEED TO UNDERSTAND MORE ABOUT ThE CULTURAL BACKGROUND OF OUR NEW NE-iGHBORS AND SCHOOLMATES; AND -iRON-iCALLY WE CAN CONTR-iBUTE MUCH TO ThE PRESERVAT-iON OF ThE GREAT -iDEAS OF aS-iA -iN ThE-iR CH-iLDREN/ AND ThE-iR CH-iLDREN'S CH-iLDREN/ WHO W-iLL OThERW-iSE BE FORCED -iNTO ThE NARROW MOLD OF mADONNA AND mCdONALD'S. f-iNALLY ThERE -iS ThE POTENT-iAL -iNFLUENCE ON OUR OWN CULTUREH aMER-iCA -iS A SPONGE/ RAC-iALLY AND L-iNGU-iST-iCALLY--OUR LANGUAGE -iS ThE R-iCHEST -iN ThE WORLD/ F-iLLED W-iTh WORDS BORROWED FROM ThE ENT-iRE PLANET; AND ThE PEOPLE WHO WALK OUR STREETS ARE aMER-iCANS OF EVERY FACE AND COLOR. oUR PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL HER-iTAGE -iS GREAT; ThE S-iNGLE CONCEPT OF DEMOCRACY/ OF ThE EQUAL-iTY OF MEN/ -iS PERHAPS UNMATCHED BY ANY -iDEA OF H-iSTORY. aND YET -iN ThE M-iDST OF OUR PLENTY/ FREE FROM ThE GROSS SUFFER-iNGS OF L-iFE--FREE FROM HUNGER OR Th-iRST OR OPPRESS-iON/ WE FEEL ThE MORE SUBTLE AND PERHAPS MORE -iNS-iD-iOUS SUFFER-iNGS OF HUMAN EX-iSTENCEH A L-iGHT BUT CONSTANT D-iSSAT-iSFACT-iON/ A CONT-iNU-iNG D-iSCONTENT/ SOPH-iST-iCATED ANX-iET-iES AND FEARS ThAT LESS FORTUNATE PEOPLES HAVE NO LE-iSURE TO ENTERTA-iN. hERE -iN ThE R-iCH STORE OF GREAT -iDEAS FROM aS-iA/ WE MAY BE ABLE TO F-iND A FEW JEWELS ThAT W-iLL BR-iNG US AS MUCH COMFORT AND PEACE/ KEYS ThAT W-iLL SERVE US AS LONG AND AS WELL/ AS ThE CONCEPTS OF DEMOCRACY AND EQUAL-iTY WE ALREADY ENJOY.