[@#noteH this file was supplied to acip by a third party.  it is the result
of a digital scan of a paur indian printing/ and it is completely full
of mis-scans.  nonetheless it can be quite useful ewen in this
preliminary form/ for digital searching/ and is therefore being
supplied to users.  acip would be wery interested in any user who
would like to woluntair to help edit this text.]



                                                                          p.531
         SCE-iNG ANYBODY. aFTER ThAT HE RECE-iVED A MESSAGE FROM ThE
         pREC-iOUS dHARMAS~;~M-iL-i FROM ThE iMPER-iAL pALACE (pEK-iNG)/
         SAY-iNG ThAT HE ShOULD TAKE UP RES-iDENCE AT BdE-CHEN. hC
         ThEREFORE SETTLED AT BdE-CHCN. hCRE HE BU-iLT A SPAC-iOUS
         MANS-iON AND SPENT A SUMMER. tHEN HE FELT SL-iGHTLY -iND-iS-
         POSED/ AND ThOUGHT ThAT GnAS-NAN WAS A HEALTh-iET PLACE. hE
         MOVED ThERE AND SOON RECOVERED. iN ThE hARE YEAR (YOS-LO--
         1339 a.d.)/ WH-iLE HE WAS STAY-iNG -iN STR-iCT SECLUS-iON AT BdE-
         CHEN/ HE PE~CE-iVED ThH.T ThE pREC-iOUS dHARMASVAM-iN HAD
   (56B) PASSED AWAY AT ThE iMPER-iAL pALACE. aT ThE AGE OF 61/ WH-iCH 
         W~S H-i CR-iT-iCAL YEAR ~OR H-iM/ HE ~ELL -iLL AT GnAS-NjR;. hE SAW
         A V-iS-iON OF tARA APPCAR-iNG -iN ThE SKY/ WELL-ADORNED AND
         SURROUNDED BY FRAGRANCE/ AND HE RECOVERED FROM H-iS -iND-iSPOS-i-
         T-iON. tHEN AGA-iN HE FELT -iND-iSPOSED -iN ThE TENTh MONTh OF
         ThE mOUSE YEAR (BY-i-BA-LO--1348 a.d.) AND SAW A V-iS-iON OF
         sALLAJA-wAJRAVARAH-i AM-iDST A PROCESS-iON/ -iN ThE -iNTERVALS OF
         WH-iCH NUMEROUS YOUNG G-iRLS WERE SEEN DANC-iNG/ AND HE RECO-
         VERED. t-iLL ThAT T-iME/ HE H~D NUMEROUS V-iS-iONS OF ThE
         HEAVENLY SPHERES. hE ALSO HAD A CLEAR V-iS-iON OF ThE iNTER-
         MED-i;LTE sTAGE ;-iND WAS ABLE TO BCNEF-iT ThC DEN-iZENS OF ThE
         iNTERMED-iATE sTAGE (B~R-DO). hE ALSO REMOVCD NLLMEROUS
         ~CC-iDENTS Th3T H-iNDCRED AS.ET-iCS. h-iS ACT-iONS S-iM-iLAR TO TL-E ABOVE
         ARE N~LMBERLESS. iN ThE END/ AT ThE AGE OF 67/ -iN ThE LAST
         ~NONTh O~ ThE SPR-iNG O~ ThE e~RTh-fERR/~LE-oX YEAR (SA-MO-
         GLAN--1349 a.d.) HE ShOWCD S-iGNS O~ -iND-iSPOS-iT-iON/ AND FROM
         ThE 14Th ONWARDS H-iS L-CALTh BEGAN TO DETER-iORATE. hE GAVE
         DETA-iLED -iN/TRUCT-iONS TO ThE UPADHYAYA AND ThE ACARYA/ SAY-iNGH
         ~ yOU ShOULD D-iSTR-iBUCE MY PROPERTY! i -iNTENDED TO PROCEED
         -iN .~ '~RA-iNaHOW BODY" (')~'-LUS) -iN Th-iS VERY L-iFE/ BUT DUE TO
         SOME ACC-iDENTS i FA-iLED -iN -iT. nOW MY REMA-iNS ShOULD NOT
         BC CREMATED/ BUT ShOULD BE ADORNED W-iTh ThE 5-ix K-iNDS OF
         ORNAMENTS AND ENShR-iNED -iN A S-iLVCR CA-iTYA O~ A BR-iGHT COLOUR/
         TURNJNG MY FACE TOWARDS ThE eAST." oN ThE 19Th DAY -iN
         ThE FORENOON HE PASS D AWAY -iNTO ThE SPHERE OF pEACE.
         oN ThE 23RD DAY~ ThEY PERFORMCD ThE FUNERAL R-iTES AND ALL
         OBSERVED A HEAVY ShOWER O~ rOWERS. aT ThAT T-iME -iT WAS SA-iD
                                                                          p.532
         ThAT BECAUSE O~ A KATM-iC CONNECT-iON OF H-iS FOTMER -iNCARNAT-iON/
         OWER ShOWER ALSO ~ELL ~T StAG-LUH. wHEN ThEY H~D EN-
         ShR-iNED H-iS REMA-iNS -iN ThE CA-iTYA/ A RA-iNBOW APPEARED FROM
         ALL QUATTERS/ ANT ThE SACT-iF-iC-iAL OFFER-iNGS OF tANTR-iC FE~ST OF
         w~JRAVARAHL WERE SEEN SURROUNDED BY A RA-iNBOW. iN G~NETAL/
         HE HAD MANY D-iSC-iPLCS/BUT FOUT WERE KNOWN AS ThC ~gREAT
         sONS" (BU-CHEN~H RtOGS-LD~N MgON-RGYAL-B~ M-DBYANS
         ~HOS-RDOT-BA/ GyAG-SDC PAN~HEN ANT MkHAS-GRUB d~R-M~
         RGYAL-MTSh~N. oF ThCSE/ GyY-~DE PAN-CHEN WAS BORN AT
         GyAG-SDC B~C-MA -iN ThE YE~R . e~ fEMALE-hOG (S~-MO-
         PHAG~--129~ a.d.) AS SON OF F ThER a-M-i DkON-MCHOG DPAL
   (57A) AND MOThCR SkYA-RGYAL ~Y1D. tH-iS -iS ThC ~LOG YC~R 
         DUT-iNG WH-iCH bU-STON r-iN-PO~@# H D REACHED H-iS N-iNTh YCAT.
         wHCN HE HAD RCACHCD ThC AGE O✠F-iVC/ HC HCARD (ThC ~CP~S-i-
         T-iON) OF ThC ~AN-SON SBYO~D TkG. RgYUD/ nO. 483)
         FROM 'bAN-PO ~HOS DBAN. hE ~-iED GRAMMAR ã¹V-iTh ThE
         ASCET-iC r-iN-SMON AND /~STOO d~R~ON. lATER HE HE~R~ ThE
         w-iNAYA AND ThE aBH-iDH~/ ~ L RCCE-iVED ThE UPASALCA
         VOWS AND~ThE -iNTERMED-iATE ~QHR~ ORD-iNAAONL' -iN ThE PTESENCE
         OF ThE RNAHA-UPADHYAYA ~1~. oN SEVERAL OCC-S-iONS
         HE HEARD (ThE EXPOS-iT-iON) OF D~ NAY~. hE WAS ORDA-iNED
         AS NOV-iC~ -iN ThE PR~SENCE OF r~N BsOD-R-iN. hE ALSO LLEARD
         FROM H-iM ThE w-iNAYA.~ hC REC~-i~RED ThE F-iNAL MONAST-iC ORD-i
         NAT-iON -iN T~E PRES~NCE O~ TBC M~PULHYAYA 'oD-'BYUN AND
         ~W~CHEN ~-iN-'BYUN. f~ Bl~8RO~ MTShUNS-MEj OF GsAN-
         PHU/ H~ OBTA-iNED- ThE (p~    N-i~CAYA(TnAM-NES)/ ThC -
         ~f-i~LE t~EAT;SES OF mA-iTRCYA" ~bY~LN~)/ ThE DH-iSATT-
         V~CARYA4VA~ARA/ ThE pR~MAN~S~HA (tShAD-MA.BSDU~P~/
         tShAD-MA kUNLAS-BTUS-PA/ tG.- tShAD-MA/ nO. 4203/ OR ThE
         tShAD-MA BSDU~PA Y-iD-KY-i MUN~ t-iBETAN WORK) HMD ThE
         bODH-iS~TTVAVADANAKALPALAT~     LcYES-RABS/ nO. 4155).
         fROM ThE e)HARMASVAM-iN rAN-BYUN RD~T~E HE OBTA;NED ThE
         -iN-iT-iAT-iON (-iNTO ThE S-iDHANAS) O~ RT;YD~A RGYA-MTShO (A FORM
 12. aT ThE T-iME OF ThE b~R-MA RAB-BYUN ThE ORDL-i4ED UPAS;LK- -iS PERM-iTTED T~L
     WEAR MONAST C ROBES. iNTERMED-iATE (BAR-RNA) MEANS HERE ThE -iNTERMED-iATE ST~GE
     BET~N ThE UP-iSAKA STAGE AND ThE NOV-iCE 5T~GE.     (
                                                                          p.533
         OF aVLLOK-iTESVATA)/ wAJRAV-iRAH-i/ ThE sAMVATA (BdE-MCHOG)/
         ThE yAM-iNTAK? ('~-iGS-BY~D)/ ThE GdAN-BZ-i (cATUHP-iThA)/ AN
         EXPLANAT-iON Oe ThE sADANGA/ ThE ~s-iX dOCTT-iNES" O~ nA-RO/
         TLLC lHAN-C-iG SKYCS SBJOR (ThC FULL T-iTLC O~ ThE TEXT -iS lHAN-C-iG
         SKYES-SBYORGA'U-MA. iT BELONGS TO ThC m~H-iMUDT-i cYCK.
         aFTET m-iD-LA RAS-PA A SPEC-iAL SECT APPEARED -iN t-iBET)/ TBE
         SkU-GSUM N~SPTOD (A t-iBETAN TEXT NOT -iNCLUD~D ~N ThC CANON-i-
         CAL L-iTERATURE)/ ThE ExPOS-iT-iON O✠ThE sAMVAR~MUTA-TANTRA
         (BdE-RHCHOG RTSA-TGYUD~/L' TLLE BtAG~GF-i-iS (hEVAJRA tANTRA/
         kG. RGYUD-'BUM/ nO. 417)/ ThE dOHA (dOHA~OSAGLT-i
         BY sARAHA/ tG. RgYUD/ nO. 2214)/ ThE zAB-MO
         NAN-DON (N~ME OF- A t-iBCTAN T~XT BELONG-iNG T~ ThE
         cYCLE OF mAHAMUDRA~/ AND ThE SkYCS-RABS SNA-PHY-iS (Th-iS
         -iS ThE jATAHRNALA/ tG. SL~YCS-~ABS/ nO. 4150/ AND ThE hAR-i-
         BHAST.AJATAKAMALA-NAMA/ SkYES-RABS/ tG. nO. 4-5~/ QR TLC
         SkYES-TABS P~HY-iS-MA BY rAN-BYUN RDO-R~E)/ ThE BS~;LCN-SGRUB
         (Th-iS -iS ThE u-RGYAN BSNEN-GRUB COMPSCD BY u-RGYAN-PA)/
         rAS~HUH SN~N-BRGYUD (ThE oRAL tTAD-iT-iON O✠rAS-CH~N-PA)/
         ThE ~UD-LCN PHR~N-BA (SEC~NS TO BC A t-i~T~N TA~T) AND
         OThER TCXTS. fROM 'bAN-PO BTSUN-S-iK HE H~ARD ThC ~ BZ-i.PA-I
         SKOR OF G~AN LO-TSAL}A (ThE cYCLE OF ~fOUR fAC~D" mAHA~A-iA
         ACCO~-iNG TO GL~AN-LO). fROM ThE ASCCT-iC gRAGS-SCN-iPA HE
         OBTA-iNED TBE ~s-iX L)OCTR-iNES" OF nA-TO/ .ThE sADANGA/ TL~E
         lHAN-SKYES/~RN4-I 6Y-iN-R6BS (ThE -iN-i~-iAC-iON O✠sAHAJA-(wA-iRq-
         VARAH;)/ Th~ pHYAG-RTOR GTUM-PO (ThC SAjBANA OF wAJRAPAN-i-
         CANDALA BROU~BT TO t-iBET BJ rAS-CBUN-PA) ACCORD-iNG .TO ThC
         M~ThOD OF r~HUN/ ThE gCGS-SCL (METBOD OF REMOV-iNG ACC-i-
         DENTS) ~NT OThER TA~TS. fROM lAS-STOD DBAH~GYAL HE OBTA-iH-
         ED ThE sADANGA/ Th~ DbAN-MDOR (sCKODDESA/ kG. Rc;YUD-'BUM/
         nO. 361)/ ThE ~-i-S!A SGTU~PA (tG. sTL-k-i-iLACAKROPADCâœASUR-
         YACANDTA-SADHTNA~ TgYUD. nO/ 136~)/ ThE SbAS-PA M-iG-'BYED
         AND OThER TEXTS. ~HROM D~C V-iDY~DHARA kUM~A-iA HE OBT~-iN-
         ED ThE RdZOGS-CHEN SN-iN-Th-iG (~ R~-iN-MA WORK -iN FOUR VOLUM-
         ES/ SL~-iN-Th-iG Y~-BZ-i). fROM TK ~CCNC (HERM-iT--KUN-SPAL;Sj
 13. aT~B-iDH-i-iNA-UTARAANTRA-N-iM~/ LcG. R~UD/ nO. 369.
                                                                          p.534
         cHOS-GR~S-DPAL ThE EXPOS-iT-iON O~ TLLE COMLNCLLT;LRY ON TLLE
         k-iL~C-i~KRA-tANTR~ (w-iMjL~PR;LBLLA) ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON -iLLTo TL~C
         G~ED-DMAR (kG. RgYUD-'BUM/ nOS. 475 jN~L 478)/ Thc RdO-
   (57B) R~C SN-iN-'GREL (~N-VAJRA MANDALA Lj~ KARj~ jLL;~Tj-i~TT~-P;~LLJ-iK~ tl~. 
         RgYUD/ nO. 25~5~/ ThE BdE.MCLLO3 STOD-'~REL (t~/. RgYUD/
         nO. 1402) AND ThE dUS-'KHOR R /YUD-PLLY-i--iNA (sR-i-kAL~CjKRA-
         TMTROTTARATLNTR3HRDAYA-NjM~/ kG. RgYUD-'BUM. nO. 363).
         fROM DpAN LO-TSA-BA BlO-GROS 6RT.~ A HE OBTA-iNC~L TL~C RdO-R~C
         RTSE-MO (wAJRASEKHARA MLHAdUHYAYOGAT;LNTRL/ kG. RgYUD-'BUM/
         nO. 450)/ ThE sA-SDE-LNj (TLLE F-iVC D-iV-iS-iONS OF TLL~ yo;/icjR~A-
         BLLUM-i O~ aSMGA)/ DLC aBH-iCLLLjRMLSALLLUCCjY;L (M~-iLOLL-PA
         KUN-L1S-BTUS)/ tL~UB-PA D/OL;S-RGYAN (mUT~ jTL1.-iLL1K-i~R~ t~.
         DBu-MA/ nO. 3903)/ D~E kAVYAD~R-iA (S~jN-L;.-i~ N1C-LO-i-i/ t~.
         SgR~-N~DO/ nO. 4301)/ TLLE nAM-iLS.LL-iGLT-i (MtSL~ -6R~OD) ~N;L
         MANY OThCR TEXTS. fROM l~yUL;-STON-Yj HE HC.-iRD TL-iE yE-SCS
         G~AN-RDZOGS-KY-i RGYUD (-iL~ME OF 3 R~ ;LLj t-iLLLTR3) TOGEThER
         W-iTh -i~S PRECEPTS/ ThE ~sAN-SLL-i-iL (gUL-Y3~;LRBLL;LT;LTTV;LVL-iLL-iSCjY;L/
         FcG. R~-iN-RgYUD/ nO. 832) TO~EThER W-iTh -iTS -iN-iT-i~LT-ioii R-iTE/
         TL-iE a-RO-I GD~MS-Pj (A RdZOGS-CHCN METLLOD~ TO~/CTLLER W-iTL
         ThE SpUNS-SKOR (A TEXT BELONG-iNG TO ~HE RdZOGS-CLLCN SYSTEM;/
         DLE -iN-iT-iAT-iON R-iTC O~ MkHA'-'~SRO SN-iL;-Th-iG (ONE O~ ThE S~
         TLL-iG Y~-BZ-i)/ TO/CDLER w-iTh AN EXPOS-iT-iON AND -iTS PERM-iSS-iON
         (LUT-i)/ ThE a-RO-I RGYUD-CHUR-i-G-i-LU~ R~-iL;-TN~ TEXT)/ TLLE PCR-
         M-iSS-iON (TO READ) ThC R-iTE O~ ThE kALACAKRA-tANTT;L TRANSLjTED BY
         tSA-M-i TOGEThER W-iTLL -iTS -iN-iT-i~T-iON R-iTC/ TL-E PERM-iSS-iON OF
         yAMMTjKj (Gs-iN-R~E GSED-KY-i LUL;)/ ThE MdO-DGOL-iS-'DUS (A
         R~;L-iR;-MA TEXT)/ ThE sEMS-SDE MA-BU BC~-BRGYjD ~18 SECT-iONS
         O~ TLLE sEMS-SDE MA-BU TEXTS OF TLLE R-i~-iR;-MA SCHOOL) AND
         OT-iLERS. fROM bU-STON-PA HE HE.LRD TLLE COMPLETE -iN-iT-iAT-iON
         R-iTE -iLLTO ThE kALjCjKRA SYS~EM/ ThE CXPOS-iT-iON O~ TLLE COMMEN-
         TARY (w-iMjLAPRABHL) ON ThC (kALjCjKRA)-tANTRj/ ThE EXPOS-iT-iON
         Oe TLLE -iN-iT-iAT-iOLL R-iTE AND PRECEPTS O~ ThC gUHYjS~MAJ2/ ThC
         EXPOS-iT-iON Oe ThE gUHYAS~MAJj-t3NTRA/ ThE SpYOD-BSDUS (tG.
         RgYUD/ nO. 1803)/ TLLC gRUB-PA S~LE-BDUN (tG. RgYUD/
         nOS. 22~7--2223)/ TLLE pRjJR-i~PjRjM-iTA (TL~E aBLL-iS;LMAYA-
         LAMKARA)/ ThE pRjMANAV-iLL-iSC~Y;L/ Th~ G~ED DMAR RDZOE/S-R-iM
                                                                          p.535
         (tG. Rc~YUD/ nO. 2036) AND OThER TEXTS. fROM '(~HH-iMS Bl~
         BZAN GRAGS-PA HE OBTA-iNED ThE ~-iKSASAN~UCCAYA (BSlA~BTUS)
         AND ThE mADHYAMAKAyH-iT2R;L/ AS WELL AS OThER TEXTS. fROM
         ã¹ThE aLL-KNOW-iNG dOL-PO-BA HE HEARD ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE
         COMMENTARY ON ThE kALACAKRA-tANTRA/ ThE MTHHOG-DBAN (UTTARA-
         ABH-iSEKA/ A H-iGHER kALACAKRA -iN-iT-iAT-iON)/ ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE
         sADANGA/ ThE ~ES-DON RGYA-MTShO (A TEXT COMPOSED BY dOL-
         PO-BA/ A FAMOUS FUNDAMENTAL TEXT O~ ThE ~NAR;~PA SECT/ ~O-
         NAN-PA-I RTSA-BA-I CHOS; -iT -iS FORB-iDDEN TO BR-iNG Th-iS KXT W-iTh-iN
         CHE PREC-iNCTS O~ A yELLOW hAT MONASTERY. T;~ES-DON RGYA-MTShO
         AND BkA'-BSDU-BZ-i-PA (~HE fOUR cOUNC-iLS) ARE ThE BAS-iC TEXTS
         O~ ThE ~O-L-iAN-P~S) ~ND MANY OThER TEXTS. fRON~ DpAL-LDAN
         BLA-MA dAM-PA HE HEAR(~ ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON R-iTE -iNTO ThE gUR-R-iG
         BSDUS (kG. fgYUD/ nO. 419)/ ThE C-iTCOTPADA R-iTE ACCORD-iNG TO
         ThE mADHYAMAKA SCLLOOL (DBu MA-LUGS-KY-i SEMS-BSKYED)/ ThE
         pATh AND fRU-iT" dOCTR-iNE (lAM-'BRAS) AND MANY OThER TEXTS.
         iN ALL HE ATTENDED ON 108 TEACHERS. fROM SOME HE OBTA-iNED
         JUST ABOUT ONE HOUR O~ REL-iG-iOUS -iNSTRUCT-iON/ FROM SOME HE
         OBTA-iNED ONE OR TWO PORT-iONS OF SADHANAS/ AGA-iN FROM SOME
         HE OBTA-iNED EXTENS-iVE COMMENTAR-iES ON ThE sUTRAS AND tANTRAS.
         iN H-iS EARLY L-i~E/ WHEN HE HAD BUT FEW BELONG-iNGS/ HE WENT
         TO ASK FOR PRECEPTS SkYES-MCHOG BsAM-GTAN-D~AL. hE PERFOR-
         MED ON H-iS BEHALF AN AUSP-iC-iOUS R-iTE TO SECURE WEALTh/ WH-iCH
         PROVED SUCCESS~UL. sA-iD HE ~t-iLL LAST YEAR/ MY MOUTh ~L-iD
         NOT F-iND FOOD/ NOW FOOD DOES NOT F-iND MY MOUTh." hE ThUS
         BECAME VERY FORTUNATE. tHE OMENS HAV-iNG BECOME AUSP-iC-i(!US/
   (58A) HE ~OUNjED ThE -iNONASTERY OF e VAM(<EVARN). s-iNCE HC ~O- 
         SSESSED ThE ~ACULTY O~ PRESC-iENCE/ HE WAS ABLE TO LABOUR EXTCN-
         S-iVELY FOR ThE WEL~ARE O~ OThERS. h-iS LEARNED D-iSC-iPLES OBTA-i-iL-
         ED ThE ~ACULTY OF H-iDDEN CONCENTRAT-iON/ AMONG ThEMH ThE
         HERM-iT MgON-PO yE-SES/ ThE ABBOT(GD;M-SA-PA) '~AM-P;L-I
         DBYANS ~HHOS-MGON-PA/ MkHAS-GRUB L~YAN-CHUB RGYAL-MTSh;LN
         ThE MAHA-UPADHYAYA s;-iNS-RGYAS BL~GROS-PA AND OThERS.
         h~ USED TO D-iSTR-iBUTE ~OOD H~/ND PRESENTS EVEN TO TL~OSE WHO
         HAD L-iSTENED TO L--iS PREACH-iNG ~oT ONE DH/Y OR ONE HOUR ONLY/
         SUCL~ W~S H-iS POL-iCY. aN-i~NG ThESE/ DLERE WERC -iNjNY
                                                                          p.536
         KjLYANA-M-iTRAS WL~O WERC ~BLE RO BCNEF-iT NLLMEROUS SENT-iENT
         BE-iNGS. hE PASSED jw~Y AT ThE jGE OF 80 -iN ThE YEjR eARRB-
         ~ALE-hORSE (Sj-~HO-RT~ 378 a. d.). s-iNCE RHELL H-iS PREA-
         CH-iNG W~S CONT-iNUED W-iThOUT -iNTERRUPT-iON AT ThC MONaHLSTERY
         OF e-VjRN TO ThE PRESENT DAY. tHE HER-iN-iT MgOLL-PO yE-SES
         ;LFRER ~HE D~ATh OF Gy~G-S~LE P~N-CHEN BCC~ OR A ShORT T-iME
         ThE ABBOT O~ e VARN AND FOUNDED ThE MON;-iSTERY OF ~AL SNA.
         hE -iNRRODUCED ~ VCRY 5TR-iCT MONAST-iC ORDER AND MANY MONKS
         GAThCRED (-iN ThE MONASTER~). hE LABOURE~L EXTENS-iVELY FOR ThE
         WELFARE Oe OThERS. tHE MAHA UPADHYAYA s~N-BLO-B~ ACTCD AS
         BBOT O~ ThE MON~ST-iC CONGREG~C-iON. a~ERWARDS HE SRAYED
         -iN MANY PLACES -iN ThE LOWER AND UPPER PARTS (O~ t-iBET)/ AND
         PREACHED E~CTENS-iVELY. aMONG H-iS D-iSC-iPLES WCRE ThE M~HA-
         UPADHYAYA r-iN-PO-CHE Rc;YAL-BZAR;-P~ AND OThERS. lATER HE
         FOUNDED CHE MONASTERY OF yOL-R-iN CHEN-GL-iN AND LHLBOURED FOR
         ThE WELFARE OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS. tHE dHARM~SV~M-iN bYAN-RGY~L-
         BA ~PENT A LONG T-iMC AT ~HHOS-'KHOR-GL-iR;. lATER HE TOOK UP
         RCS-iDENCE ~T T~HU-M-iG D;/O~ AR. aMON3 H-iS D-iCC-iPLES/ WHO
         LABOURED FOR ThE WEL~ARC Oe OThERS/ WERCH ThE ACARY~ n~M-
         MKHA GRAG~PA AND OThERS. 'LAM-DBYAR;S ~HOS-MGON-PA ~OOK
         OVER ThE RNONASTETY Oe e-VARP AND LABOURED ~OR ~HC WEL~RE OF
         OThERS. hE HAD NUMEROUS D-iSC-iPLES AND ~MONG ~HEM '~AM-
         DBRAR;S r-iN-RGYAL-BA/ RkY~CHEN-PA sAKYASR-i ~ND OThERS.
         MkHAS-GRUB dAR-RGYLL-BA WAS BORN ~5 50N OF F~ThER BsOD
         N3M~MGON ~ND MOTL~CR BkR~-S-iS -iN EHE V-iC-iN-i~ O~ tHAN-LHA.
   (58B) h-iS MOThER SAW -iN A ~iRCAM AN iND-iAN NAKED YOG-iN/ WEAR-iNG A 
         WH-iTE LO-iN CLOTh AND TURBAN/ GOLDEN CARR-iNGS ~ND HOLD-iNG -iN
         H-iS HAND A SKULL-CUP (KAPAB) HLKD W-iTh AMRTA/ WHO ~ H~S SUR-
         ROUNDED BY ABOUT F-iVE HUNDRED WOMEN ~DORNED W-i~H ORNA-
         MCNT5; CHE YOG-iN H3V-iNG ~PPROACHED HER/ BLESSCD HER/ PRE~CHED
         RCL-iG-iON ~ND E~CH-iB-iTED M-iRACULOUS POW~RS. aFTER Th~T H-iS RE-
         T-iNUE D-iSAPPEARED -iNTO ON~ANOThER/ AND WERE ThEN ABSORBED
         -iNTO ThE YOG-iN/ WHO ThEN MERGED BHTWCEN (HER) EVE BROW~.
         ~OT S~VEN DAYS ShC E~CPER-iELLCED AN E~CCCLLENT TR~NCE WH-iTh COULD
         NOT BE D-iSTURBED BY OUTS-iDC CAUXS. tHERE ALSO HjPLLENED
         MANY E~CERAORD-iNLR~ S-ijNS. s-iNCE H-iS CH-iLDHOOD/ HE POSSESSED
                                                                          p.537
         A GREAT FALTh AND COML~L-iSEN~T-iON/ ANj WAS FOND O~ LLOLY OBJ~CTS
         (SKU-~UN-ThUGS-RTEN)/ AND ~ULL OF DEVOT-iOLL TOWARDS ThE MONAS-
         UC CONGRE~AT-iON. nOT ONLY D-iD HE ABSTA-iLL FROM COMM-iTT-iNG
         ANY S-iNS/ BUT HE COULD NOT EVEN BEAR ThE S-iGHT O~ OThERS C~
         M-iN-iTT-i-i-~ ThEM/ AND CONSTANTLY D-iSSUADED OThERS. tHUS HE
         HAD MANY V-iRTUOUS QUAL-iT-iES. aT ThE AGE OF 6 OR 7/ HE MAS- -
         TERED DLE ALPHABET. hE ThEN READ ThROUGH ThE ~lAR~E" (sAT.L-
         SAHASR-iKA) AND ~m-iDDLE" (YUM-'BR-iN-PA/ ~-i-KHR-i~ VERS-iONS OF
         ThE pRAJNAPARA-iN-iTA AND OTLLER TEXTS/ AND WAS ABLE TO GRASP ThE
         GENERAL MEAN-iNG O~ WORDS. hE ATTENDED ON ThE BLA-MA
         RmUGS-SAN~PA r-iN-CHEN BLA-MA. oNE DAY/ ACCOMPAN-iED BY
         MANY CLL-iLDREN FR-iENDS/ HE WENT TO ~AThER ~OWERS AdD PLAY.
         hE FELL DOWN/ AND ThC PA-iN FROM ThE SORE C~USED H-iM TO BE-
         L-iEVE ThAT ThE bUDDLLA WAS ThE O-iLLY PROTECTOR/ AND HE ACCOR-
         D-iN~LY TOOK RE~UGE -iN ThE bUDDLU. rEMEMBER-iNG H-iS TORMCR
         L~VES/ HE FELC SAD AND COMPOSED SON~S ABOUT ThCM/ WH-iCH
         CAUSED AMAZEMENT AMON~ SONLE PEOPLE. oThERS TLLOUGHT ThAT
         HE WAS -iNSP-iRED BY SOME DEV-iLS. sOON AFTER/ HE MET ThE dHAR-
         MASVAM-iN rAN-BYUN RDO-R~E AND SAW H-iM -iN ThE FORM OF
         aRYA aVALOK-iTESVARA. a S~SONG FA-iTh WAS PRODUCED iN H-iM
         AND HE ACCOMPAN-iED H-iM AS ATTENDANT TO BdE-CHEN-STENS.
         aT ThE AGE OF 19/ HE WAS ORDA-iNED AS NOV-iCE AND S-iMULTANCOUS-
         LY RECE-iVED ThE F-iNAL MONAST-iC ORD-iNAT-iON -iN ThE PRESENCE OF
         ThE dHARMASVAM-iN WHO ACTED AS UPADHY~YA/ AND ThE MAHA-
         UPADHYAYA G~ON-NU BY~N-CHUB-PA WHO;CTED AS ACARYA. hE
         ThCN FOLLOWED ON M~NY SCHOLjFS/ S-iDDHAS AND VENERABLC TCA-
         CH~RS/ -iNCLUD-iNG S~E-MDO-BA kUN-D~A' DON-GRUB/ ThE BLA-MA
         tShULR-iN/ ThE dHARMASVAM-iN gRAGS-PA SEN~C/ RgYA-BRA~
         CHOS-R~E/ ThE MAHA-UPADHYAYA nAM-MKHA' RGYAL-MTShAN/ ThE
   (59A) BLA-MA BsOD-R-iN/ bYAN-CHUB M~ON-PO/ BsOD-NAMS SCN~ 
         AND OThERS/ AND STUT-iED UNDER ThENL EXTENS-iVELY NUMCROUS
         sUTRAS/ tANTTAS AND TRCAT-iS~S (SASTRAS). ~C ESPCC-iALLY HCLD -iN
         H-iGH ESTEEM ThC H-iDDEN PRECEPTS. h-iS M-iND WAS ATTRACTED
         TOWARDS MCD-iTAT-iON/ AND HE PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON -iN SOL-i~ALY
         HERM-iEAGES W-iThOLLT BE-iNG D-iSTRACTED/ AND ALL WERE F-iLLED W-iTh
         ESTCEM TOWARDS H-iM. hE D-iD NOT REST H-iS HCAD ON A P-iLLOW/
                                                                          p.538
         HE D-iD NOT LEAN ON A CUSh-iO-iL (RGYAB-RTEN)/ AL-D OBSERVED ThE
         "WATER" AND "STONE" FAST-iNG (WLL-iCLL CONS-iSTS -iN SWALLOW-iNG
         SMALL PEBBLES AND SMALL QUANT-iT-iES OF WATER). hE SPENT H-iS
         T-iME -iN ThE P~ACT-iCE O~ ThE BREATh-CONTROL (~)RANAYAMA) AND
         Th-iS HELFXD H-iM GREATTY -iN ThE DEVELOPMENT OF A CONCENTRATED
         TR;LNCE. dUR-iNG ThREE YEARS HE WAS TORMENTED BY LLEES/ AND
         DUR-iNG TWO YEARS HE SUF~ERED FROM A HEART D-iSEASE (ThUGS-RLUN=
         SN-iR;-RLUR;)/ fOR ONE YEAR HE SUFFERED FRONL ThE ULLVOLUNTARY
         D-iSCHARGE OF SEMEN. bUT ThROUGHOUT ThE WHOLE T-iME/ HE CON-
         T-iNUED H-iS MED-iTAT-iON/ AND F-iNALLY BECAME ~REE OF ThESE AFFL-iC-
         T-iONS. a PERFECT TRANCE AND A YOG-iC -iNS-iG6T WERE BORN -iN
         H-iM. hE WAS ABLE TO CONJURE DERPONS BY REPRESENT-iNG B-iM-
         SELF AS aCAL~/ yA~NANTAKA AND wAJRAV-iDARAR-i~ (RnAM-'~OMS).
         mAHAKALA USED TO KNEEL BEFORE H-iM AN~ PROM-iSED TO ASS-iST
         H-iM -iN H-iS LABOURS. hE SAW SACRED V-iS-iONS OF aM-iTAYUS/
         sHâƒKYAMUN-i AND OThERS/ AND WAS ABLE TO CONTEMPLATE/ AS -iF -iN
         A M-iRTOR/ VAR-iOUS LOCAL-iT-iES/ ~S WELL AS ThE CASTE/ BEHAV-iOUR
         AND ThE STATE O~ M-iND OF OTh~R PEOPLE. hE DEVELOPED W-iTh-
         OUT SORA-iN-iNG H-iMSELF AN EXCELLENT POYVER OF TRANCE OF ThE
         SAMPANNAKRAMA DEGREE. wHEN HE WAS PUTT-iNG QUEST-iONS TO
         ThE dHARMASVAM-iN rAR;-BYUR; RDO-R~E AND ThE r-iN-PO-CLLE zAR;-
         ~AR; ~E-R-iR;~PA/ HE SAW ThELN AS sATAHA. wHEN HC WAS BE-iNG
         -iN-iT-iATED -iNTO ThE sARNVARA cYCLE/ HE SAW V-iS-iON OF hERUKA
         ~ND wAJTAYOG-iN~ (wAJRAVAR~H~). fROM S~LE-MDO BA HE HEARD
         ThE TEACH-iNG O~ ThE ~-lATTES" l-iRTEAGE O~ ThE ;~-i-B~ED SYSTEN~
         AND SAW A V-iS-iON OF dHLM-PA s~R;S-RGYAS SURROUNDED BY 108
         DAK-iNLS. wHEN HE WAS RECE-iV-iN~ ThE C-iTTOTPADA R-iTE (SEM~
   (59B) BSKYED) FROM ThE ASCET-iC yE-GZON-P~/ HE SAW H-iM -iN ThE FORM 
         OF SmR~-S~N (SmRA-B;L-I SER;-GE/ ~ FORM OF m~NJUSN R-iD-iN~ A
         L-iON). nUMBERLESS WERE H-iS V-iS-iONS S-iM-iL;LR TO TL~E ABOVE.
         hE SL~ENT MUCH T-iME ~T TL~E LLERM-iTAGE O~ tH~N-LH;-i ~-i-D OThER
         PL;LCES. wHEN HE BEC;NNE A D-iSC-iPLE OF ThE dLLA~MASVAM-iN
         gRAGS.P3 SER;-GE AT ThE HERM-iT;LGE OF pHUG-MO/ HE ATTCNDED ON
         H-iN~ ~ND ~CCO-iNPAN-iED H-iM TO BdE-CHEN-STER;S/ ThE RES-iDENCE
         O~ ThE S-iDDHA ~ U-S~OM/ TO GnAS-NAN AND OThER N~ON;LSTER-iES.
         fROM 1~ HE OBTA-iNED NUMBERLESS PRECEPTS/ SUCH AS ThE
                                                                          p.539
         BSL~EN-SGRUB (u-RGYAN BSNEN-SGRUB)/ HHE SL~-iN-TLL-iG AND ThE
         MkLLA'-SPYOD BSNEN-SGRUB/ AND OThER TEX~S. hE BECAME AN
         EXPCRT -iN ThE MCThOD OF DREAMS AND DEVELOPED ThE FACULTY OF
         SEE-iNG FOR Th-iRTEEN T-iMES DUR-iNG ONE N-i~HT ThE COUNTRY O~
         oDD-iYANA. h-iS ACH-iEVEMENTS SURPASSED WORDS. wHE~ E
         WAS BE-iNG G-iVEN ThE SECRET -iN-iT-iAT-i~N/ HE SAW H-iS tC~CHER 2S
         aDH-iDEVA (lHAG-PA-I LHA). hE V-iS-iTED MANY HAUNTED LOCAL-i-
         T-iES AND MASTERED W-iTL ThE HELP OF H-iS -iNS-iGHT NUMEROUS
         PHENOMENA (CAUSED BY DEMONS). tHE dHARMASVAM-iN gRAGS-
         SC;L-PA HAD MANY D-iSC-iPLES/ BUT HE CONS-iDERED Th-iS HERM-iT TO
         BE H-iS CH-iE~ D-iSC-iPLE AND HOLDER OF H-iS sP-iR-iTUAL l-iNEAGE/ AND
         BESROWED ON H-iM ThE COMPLETE H-iDDEN PRECEPTS. hE ALSO
         AP~O-iNTED H-iM ABBOT OF ~nAS-NAN. hE -iNSTRUCTED L~-iN~ TO
         L.LBOUR FOT ThE WELFARE OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS. hE MA-iNTA-iNED D-iS-
         C-iPLES BY PREACH-iNG TO ThEM ThE ~s-iX dOCTR-iNES" O~ nA-RO/
         TLLE sADANGA (OF kALACAKRA)/ AND ESTABL-iShED ThEM -iN -iN-iT-iAT-iON
         AND GU-iDANCE (SM-iN-GROL/ SM-iN--iN-iT-iAT-iON; GROL-GU-iDANCE).
         hE POSSESSED GREAT COMM-iSERAT-iON AND ASS-iSTED ThOSE WHO WERE
         POOR/ S-iCK AND ThE W-iCKED PEOPLE OF Th-iS dARK aGE. lATER/
         WHEN HE WAS ABOUT TO PASS -iNTO n-iRVANA/ HE SA-iDH ~s-iNCC
         -iNY CH-iLDHOOD/ i WAS FULL OF D-iL-iGENCE AND GAVE UP MY BODY
         AND L-iFE FOR ThC dOCTR-iNE. i HAVE CONCENTTATED M)/SCLF ON
         AUSTER-iT-iES AND PROP-iT-iAT-iONS -iN MY EARLY DAYS/ AND MANY ACC-i-
         DENTS HAPPENED TO ME. w-iThOUT LOOK-iNG FOR OTLLER MCTLLODS/
         i REMOVED ThEM ThROUGH REL-iG-iOUS PRACT-iCE. a CERRA-iN FHLCUKY
         TOWARDS MED-iTAT-iON AND PR;LCT-iCE WAS BORN -iN ME/ AND i SPENT
         MY L-iFC AS AN ASCET-iC. i ThOUGHT OF REMOV-iNG ThC WALL TLLAT
         6EPARATED Th-iS L-iFE AND ThE NEXT BY MED-iTAT-iON TO WH-iCH i
         ShOULD ~ED-iCATE N~Y WHOL~ L-iFE/ BUT MY tCACLLER ORDERED MC
         TO LABOUR FOR ThE WELFARE OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNdS. i D-iD -iLOT DARE
         D-iSOBEY H-iS COMMAND. i FEEL NO REPENTEUCE FOR HAV-iNG FO-
         LLOWCD MY tEACHER'S ADV-iCE. i WAS SAT-iSF-iED/ i D-iD NOT Th-iNK
         ThAT i WOULD L-iVE SO LONG/ BUT i L-~D SEEN AUSP-iC-iOUS S-iGNS ON
         ThE ROSARY OF MY tEACHER/ AND ALL L~AD LLAPPCNED ACCORD-iNG TO
   (60A) ThAT ~/-iS-iON. i'HAD SPENT A LONG T-iME -iU ThC wORLD O~ mCN 
         AND D-iD A L-iTTLE WORK FOR ThC WELFARE OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS. nOW
                                                                          p.540
         i DO NOT DOUBT/ AND HAVE NO HES-iTAT-iON TO (PROCEED) -iNTO ThE
         PRESENCE OF aM-iTAYUS TO sUKHAVATL." sAY-iN~ SO/ HE PASSED
         AWAY AT DAWN ON TLLE ~3RD DAY OF ThE 3RD MONTh O~ThC oX
         YEAR (GLAN-LO--!385 a. d.). oN ThE CREMA~-i~N OF H-iS RE-
         MA-iNS/ MANY -iMAGES/ LETTERS/ S-iGNS AND REL-iCS (SARLTAS) WERE
         RECOVERED (FROM TBE AShES). a 19OWER ShOWER FELL. iT -iS BE-
         L-iEVED ThAT -iN A FORMER -iNCARNAT-iON LLE HAD BEEN BORN AS A
         YOG-iN/ BORN -iRRThE wA-iSYA CASTE/ ON ThE ShORE O~ ThE sOUThERN
         oCEAN/ AND ThEN BECAME A D-iSC-iPLC OF kAMBALA/
         A D-iSC-iPLE OF ThE LATE iNDRABUDDH-i/ ON ThE ROCK CALLED GsER-GY-i
         bYA-SKY-iBS-CAN (ThE ROCK -iS SA-iD TO BE S-iTUATED NEAR ThE
         aNAVATAPTA lAKE). tHE dHARMASVAM-iN MkHA'-SPYOD DBAN-
         PO (kARMA ZWA-~-iNAR-PA)/ AN -iNCARNAT-iON OF ThE ASCET-iC
         gRAGS-PA SEN-GE/ WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR iRON-mALE-t-iGER
         (LCAGS-PHO-STAG--1350 a.d.) AS SON OF FAThER lHA-RGYAL AND
         MOThER 'bROG-MO AT kHA-NA BAR-PA -iN ThE SANDY VALLEY OF
         GnAM/ NEAR A MOUNTA-iN PCAK WH-iCH WAS ThE ABODE OF TBE
         gANDHARVA K-iNG zURSPHUD-LNA-PA -iN ThE COUNTRY OF ThE nORTh.
         oN H-iS B-iRTh/ BEG-iNN-iNG FROM ThE SEVEETh DAY/ ThE CH-iLD
         BAD A CLEAR V-iS-iON OF DpAL dUS-GSUM MKHYEN-PA AND OThER
         TEACHERS MAK-iNG PTOPHEC-iES AND PREACLL-iNG REL-iG-iON. aT ThE
         AGE OF 3/ HE BESTOWED ThE PERM-iSS-iON (LUN) TO REC-iTE TBE
         MANTRA OF MED-iTAT-iON ON aVALOK-iTESVARA TO AN ASSCMBLY.
         hAV-iNG COGN-iZED TBE NATURE O~ OT~ERS/ HE APPC~TS TO HAVE
         URTERED MANY APPROPR-iATE SAY-iNGS. aT TBE AGE O~ S-iX/ BE
         REVEALED TO SOME OF H-iS ~ORMER D-iSC-iPLES/ ThAT HE WAS AN
         -iNCARN~T-iON OF ThE ASCET-iC gRAGS-PA SEN-GE. tHE STORY OF
         B-iS FORMER LABOURS WAS HEAR-L -iN DETA-iL BY MkHAS-GRUB dAR-
         RGYAL-BA/ AND MANY D-iSC-iPLES ANj TEACHERS CALNE TO -iN~-iTE
         H-i-iN. aS SOON ASThEY HAD MET H-iM/ TBEY ShOWED S-iGNS O~
         FA-iTh AND REVERENCE/ AND WERE F-iLLED W-iTh JOY. oN ThE-iR
         RETURN JOURNEY TO GnAS-NAR;/ SO-iNE OF ThE TEACHERS AND
         D-iSC-iPLES/ ~ELL -iNTO WATER AT ~HU-MDO OF bYE-LUN. fR-iGHTENED/
         BE (SAW CLELRLY) TBE wENERABLE tARA BELP-iNG ThEM OUT/ AND
   (60B) ALL HAPP-iLY EXTR-iCATED TBEMSELVES. aT 'tShUR-PHU ThE CH-iLD 
         REV AiCL TL~E S~.LRV OF H-iS ~ARMER -iNCARN~T-iON AS nAM-MKBA'-'OD
                                                                          p.541
         TO ThE MONK dAR-M. tS!LUL-KHR-iMS. aT ThE AGE 7/ HE MET
         ThE dHARR~.ASVH~M-iN rOL-PA-I RDO-R~E AT MtShO-SNAN. hE
         RECE-iVED ThE LLPASAKA VOWS AND ThE C-iTTOTPADA R-iTE FROM
         H-iM. hE HEARD ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE ~s-iX L~OCTR-iNES" AND
         O~ ThE cYCLE OF mAHAMUDRA. aT BdE-CHEN HE WAS ORDA-iNED
         BY ThE MAHA-UPADHYAYA r-iN-PO-CwHE dON-GRUB DPAL-BA AND
         ThE dHARRL~ASVAM-iN rOL-PA-I RDO-~E/ WHO ACTED AS LLPADHYAYA
         AND ACARYA. hE WAS G-iVEN ThE NAME Oe yE-SE~DPAL. fROM
         ThE pREC-iOUS MAHA-UPADHYAYA HE HCARD SON~E ShORTCR TEXTS/
         SUCH AS ThE kA-R-i-KA (w-iNAYAKAR-iKA/ tG. 'dUL-BA/ nO. 4123)
         AND OThERS. fROM ThE dHARMASVAM-iN GyUN-STON-PA HE
         OBTA-iNED ThE ~l-i~E G-iV-iNG CEREMONY" (TShE-SGRUB) O~ ThE
         wH-iTE tARA. fROM R~E r-i-KHROD-PA HE OBTA-iNED ThE PERM-i-
         SS-iON (LUN) TO RE~D ThE ENT-iRE TgYUD-'BUM (ThE tANTRA SCCT-iON
         O~ ThE BkA'-'GYUR) AND ThE GREATER PART OF ThE MdO-MANS/
         AS WCLL AS NUMEROUS -iN-iT-iAT-iON R-iTES AND -iNSTRlCT-iONS. hE
         SPEC-iALLY FOLLOWED MOST OF ThE PRO~OUND AND VAST PRECEPTS
         OF ThE BkA'-BRGYUD-PA SECT. oNE N-iGHT HC SAW -iN A DREAM
         ThE dHARMASVAM-iN rAN-BYUN RDO-R~E BESTOW-iNG ON H-iM ThE
         C-iTTOTPADA CEREMONY -iN ThE M-iDS~ OF A MULT-iTUDE OF PEOPLE/
         AND G-iVMG H-iM ThE NAME OF m-i-PHAM DPAL-LDAN. wHEN
         HE WAS STAND-iNG -iN F;ONT OF ThE -iMAGE OF ThE lADY O~ rA-
         TShAG (AN -iMAGE OF wAJRAVARALL-i)/ HE SAW ThE -iMAGE TRANS~ORM-
         ED -iNTO A REAL sAHAJA-VARAHL/ A Sh-iN-iNG RED SVAST-iKA (GYLLN-DRUN
         HERE S-iGN-iF-iES ThE S~MBOLS OF 'i-IN AND yANG/(NANDYAVARTA/
         DGA'-KH~ ) APPEARED BETWEEN HER EYE-BROWS AND ThEN TOUCHE~
         H-iS BODY/ AFTER WH-i~H A FEEL-iNG OF BL-iSS WAS PRODUCED -iN H-iM.
         hE HEARD MANY -iRSTRUCT-iONS FROM i~sOD-NAMS 'OD OF GyAM-
         BZANS. hE STAYED -iN SECLUS-iON AND MED-iTATED. hE WAS ABLE
         TO PERCE-iVE ThE ACT-iV-iTY OF ALL ThE ASCET-iCS OF GnAS-NAN.
         hE CENSURED SOME OF ThEM/ TO S~ME HE GAVE -iNSTRUCT-iONS/
         AND ALL WERE F-iLLED W-iTh AMAZEMENT. aT TL-E AGE OF 18/ HE
         TOOK UP F-iNAL MONAST-iC ORD-iNAT-iON -iN ThE PRESENCE OF ThE
         MAHA-UPADHYAYA r-iN-PO-CLLE dON-GRUB WHO ACTED AS UPADHYA-
         YA/ AND '~AM-DBYANS CH~S-KY-i RDO-RjE ~wiLO ACTED AS
         ACARYA/ AND G~ON-N~-i-DPAL-B;~ ACT-iLLG AS SECRET PRECEPTOR/
                                                                          p.542
         AM-iDST A NUMEROUS CONGREdRAT-iON. dUSLNG ThE SAME N-iGHT
         HE HAD A DREAM ThAT ~OUR SUNS HAD APPEARED -iN ThE SKY/ AND
   (61A) ThAT HE/ WEAR-iNG ThC ThREE MONAST-iC ROBES/ PREH-iCHED TO GODS 
         AND MEN ThE dOCTR-iNE TO ThE-iR SAT-iSFACT-iON. hE H~AR~L
         ThE ACARYA '~AM-R-iN O~ BdE-BA-CAN (rWA-STOD DG~?N-PA NEAR
         lHA SA) PTEACH TLLE ~f-iVE tREAT-iSES OF mA-iTREYA"/ ThE pRAMAR!A-
         V-iN-iSCAYA AND ThE ~L-iNAYASUTRA (tG. 'dUT-BA nO. 4117). hE
         HEARD ThE MAHA-UPADHYAYA kUN-DGA' 'OD-ZER/ A D-iSC-iPLE OF
         ThE dHARMASVAM-iN rAN-BYUR; RDO-R~E/ PREACH MANY -iN-iT-iAT-iON
         R-iTES/ -iNCLUD-iNG ThAT OF ThE wAJRAMALA (Rd~R~E PHREN-HA).
         aFTER ThAT HE PROCEEDED TOWARDS ThE nORTh/ AS FAR AS rE-SOD/
         V-iA 'dAM AND sOG. wH-iLE HE WAS STAY-iNG -iN ThE sNOWS OF
         ~E-RGYAB AND p~RGYAR;/ HE HAD A V-iS-iON OF ThE dHARMASVAM-iN
         WHO CROWNED H-iM/ AND DEL-iVERED TO H-iM A PROPHECY. hE
         BROUGHT W-iTh H-iM NUMEROUS PRESENTS OF~ERED TO H-iM BY ThE
         MONKS AND LAYMEN O~ ThOSE REG-iONS/ AND GAVE ThEM AWAY
         TOWARDS ThE UPKEEP OF ThE MONAST-iC CONGREGAT-iON AND OF ThE
         MONAST-iC LAW AT GnAS-NAR;. aFTER ThE PASS-iNG OF ThE mASTER
         (SVAM-iN) r-i-KHROD-PA/ HE GREW D-iShEARTENED W-iTh ThE W-i~KED
         MONKS/ ENTRUSTED ThE ABBOTSh-iP TO ThE BLA-MA BsOD-NAMS-
         'BUM/ AND H-iMSELF SETTLED -iN A HERM-iTAGE S-iTU~TED ON ThE
         MOUNTA-iN BACK OF GnAS-NAR;. hE HEARD ThE MAHA-UPADHYAYA
         'oD-ZER RGYA-MTShO PREACH ThE S~;L-iN-Th-iG SYSTEM TOGEThER W-iTh
         -iTS BRANCHES. fROM ThE ACARYA 'oD-ZER-DPAL HE OBTA-iNED ThE
         COMMENTAR-iES ON ThE ~oiD" tANTRAS AND MOST O~ ThE DOCTR-iNE
         (BkA'-LUR;) OF TBE ~uPPER" AND ~lOWER" CLASSES OF ThE
         ~L-iDDEN sCR-iPTURES (GtER-KHA/ GOL-i OR ~uPPER' R~PRESENTS
         ThE H-iDDEN SCR-iPTURES REVEALED BY ~AN ~-i-MA 'OD-ZER; 'OGOR
         ~lOWER" REPRESENTS Th~ H-iDDEN SCR-iPTURES REVEALED BY gU-RU
         THHOS-DBAR;). hE EXAM-iNED tANRR-iC TEXTS W-iThOUT -iNTERRUPT-iON
         BY DAY AND BY N-iGHT/ BUT CH-iEFLY PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON.
         hAV-iNG TAKEN W-iTh H-iMSELF G ATTENDANTS/ -iN ALL TEN/ -iNCLUD-iNG
         H-iMSCL~/ HE PROCEEDED FROM uPPER DBu V-iA mYAN-PO/ TO
         RgYA-MDA'. wHEN HE ARR-iVED ThERE/ LLE SAW A V-iS-iON O~ ThE
         mASTER dUS-GSUM MKHYEN-PH-i WHO DEL-iVERED A PROPHECY TO
         H-iM. tHEN GRADUALLY HE V-iS-iTED ALL ThE D-iSTR-iCTS OT kON-PO.
                                                                          p.543
         TN PART-iCULAR/ HE SPENT A CONS-iDERABLE T-iME AT bY-iN-LEGS OF
         nEW tSA-R-i. fOLLOW-iNG -iNSTRUCT-iONS RECE-iVED FROM ThE dHAR-
         MASVAM-iN rOL-PA-I RDO-R~E/ HE TOOK OVER bA-YO/ ThE MONASTERY
         AND V-iLLAGE. hE OBTA-iNED FROM ThE dHARMASVAM-iN ALL ThE
         H-iDDEN PRECEPTS O~ ThE ~s-iX dOCTR-iNES" OF nA-RO AND OThER
         TEXTS. hE HEARD ALSO MANY mADHYAMAKA TEXTS/ -iNCLUD-iNG
         ThE DBu-M~ RTOG GE-'BAR-B~ (mADHYAMAKAHRDAYAVRTT-iTAR-
         KAJVALA/ tG. DE~u-MA/ nO 3856) ~ND OThERS. hE SPENT
         ThREE YEARS ON ThE ROCK OF DkAR-MA OF tSA-R-iN-CHEN. hE
         CONTEMPLATED M-iRACLES PERFORMED BY ~HEROES' (DPA'-BO OR V-iRA/
         A CLASS OF MALE-DE-iUES) AND DAK-iNLS. wHEN HE PROCEEDED
         TOWARDS StAG-LHA SGAM-PO AND STAYED ThERE/ HE RECOLLECTED
         ThAT HE HAD BEEN ThE MONK tShUL-KHR-iMS-DPAL (s-iLASR-i)/ AND
         H-iS MED-iTAT-iON DEVELOPED GREADY. hE SPENT A CONS-iDER~BLE
         T-iME AT SHLA~-MA-PHU OF kON-PO AND ikOG-'PHRAN/ AS WELL AS
         -iN OThER PLACES. hE GAThERED ROUND H-iMSEL~ ABOUT 3OO MONKS
         AND TO EACH OF ThEM HE PREACHED REL-iG-iON/ ~S MUCH AS WAS
         DES-iRED BY EACH O~ ThEM. hE SPEL~T ThREE MONThS -iN SECLUS-iON
         -iN ThE SUMMET AND W-iNTER/ AND BESTOWED -iNSTRUCT-iONS W-iThOUT
         -iNTERRUPT-iON. wHEN HE CAME TO bYA-YUL/ HE HAD A V-iS-iON OF
         BdE-BAR GSEGS-PA/ WHO UTTERED A PROPHECY. iN ThE hORSE
         YEAR (RTA-LO--1378 a.d.) H-iS SUPPORTERS PRESENTED H-iM W-iTh
         ThE HERM-iT~GE OF StAG-RTSE RNAM-RGY;LL/ AND HE FOUNDED ThERE
         MONASTERY/ AND ~BOUT 200 PR-iESTS GHLThETED ThERE. wHEN
         HEWAS STAY-iNG AT tSA-R-i GSAR-MA (nEW tSA-R-i)/ HE PERCC-iVED
         ThE PASS-iNG OF ThE dHARMASVAM-iN rOL-PA-I RD~R~E/ ~ND COMPO
         SED A SONG EXPRESS-iNG H-iS SORROW. iN ThE t-iGER YEAR (STAG-LO
         --1386 a.d.)/ HE FOUNDED ThE MONASTERY OF DgA'-M~-MO
         AND MET ThE dH~RMASVAM-iN dE-BZ-iN GSEGS-P~ ~-iT StAGRTSE.
         hE EXPOUNDED TO H-iM MANY dOCTT-iNCS (BKA'-LUN) AND S~T-iSF-iED
         H-iM wHEN HE WAS RES-iD-iNG AT ThE NEW MONaHLSTERY OF lHUN-
         GRUB STENS AND '~ TShON-GL-iN/ HE HEARD ThE D~K-iN-iS S-iNG-iNG A
         SECRET (VAJRA) HYMN. hE ~-iLSO HAD NUMBERLESS V-iS-iONS/ SUCH
         ~S ThE V-iS-iON OF ThE mOUNT m~N-iBHAGA ON ThE PEAK O~ RgYAL/
         ETC. wHEN ThE dL~;~RM~SV~M-iN dE-BZ-iN GSEGS-P~-i LEFT FOR DBuS/
         HC FOLLOWED AFTER H-iM/ AND Th~Y/ ~S tE~CHER ;-iND D-iSC-iPLE/
                                                                          p.544
         GRADUALLY JOURNEYED FROM mYAN-PO ~O 'tShUR-PHU O~ StOD-
         LUNS. aT sEN-GE SGO MDUN HE PREACHED ThE ~s-iX dOCTR-iNES/"
         AND BESTOWED -iN-iT-iAT-iONS ON ThE mONGOL OT~-iC-iAL r-iGS-RAL AND
         OThERS. aFTER ~HA~ HE AGA-iN PROCEEDED TOW~-iRDS kON-PO AND
         SPENT MOST OF H-iS T-iME -iN HERM-iTAGES. hE ARRANGED A ThRE~
         YEAR TRUCE -iN ThE FEUD OF ThE rAL-GSUM VALLEY -iN kON-PO.
         hE STAYED AT mA-RA-STENS. wH-iLE HE WAS PREACH-iNG ThE
         dOCTR-iNE/ PEOPLE WHO WERE STAY-iNG AT A D-iSTANCE O~ TWO
         KROSAS COULD HEAR H-iS WORDS D-iST-iNCTLY. hE ALSO SUBDUED
         MANY WRAThFUL ASURAS/ AND MADE ThEM TAKE UP ThE UPASAKA
         VOWS AND ESTABL-iShED -iGNORANT D-iSC-iPLES ON Th~ PATh O~
         w-iNAYA. hE COMPOSED GU-iDE-BOOKS ELUC-iDAT-iNG H-iDDCN PRE-
   (62A) CEPTS WH-iCH WERE OBSCURE/ A ~AMS-MGUR (A BOOK O~ SONGS 
         ON REL-iG-iON) AND MANY ShORT TREAT-iSES. aMONG H-iS D-iSC-iPLES
         WEREH ThE dHARMASVAM-iN dE-BZ-iN GSEGS-PA/ ThE BkA'-BZ-i-
         PA r-iG-PA-I RAL-GR-i/ WHOSE NAME WAS r-iN-CHEN BZAN-PO/ RdZA-
         DGON kUN-SPANS ~HHOS-KY-i YE-SES/ 'cER-NA~ RtOGS-LDAN ~HOS-
         DPAL YE-SES/ zUR~GON BkA'-BZ-i-PA r-iN-CHEN-DPAL/ r-i-M-i 'BABS-
         PA BsOD-NAMS R-iN-CHEN/ lHA-GZ-iGS r-iN-CHEN RGYAL-MTShAN/
         'kHRUL-Z-iG BsOD-NAMS-'BUM/ T~HHU-TShAN-KHA-PA sEC RA~DPAL
         AND OThERS. wHCN HE WAS NEAR-iNG ~ThE END OF H-iS LABOURS/
         HE MET ThE dHARMASVAM-iN dE-BZ-iN GSEG~PA WHO WAS RETURN-
         -iNG FROM ThE iMPER-iAL pALACE (pEK-iNG. iN aMDO/ p~K-iNG
         -iS DES-iGNATED BY ThE WORD pHO-BRAN OR PALACE). hE BESTOW-
         ED ON ThE dHARMASVAM-iN MANY REL-iG-iOUS -iNSTRUCT-iONS AT RtSE-
         LHA-SGAN AND OThCR PLACES. hC ALSO RECE-iVED LARGE O~ER-iNGS
         FROM ThE dHATMASVAM-iN. aGA-iN WH-iLE HE WAS TES-iD-iNG AT
         tSA-R-i/ HE COMPOSED A SONG WH-iCH BEGAN W-iTh ThE WORDS
         H-i-MED RTAG-PA...(ETETNAL -iMMORTAL)." wH~N HE ARR-iVED
         -iN DgA'-LDAN-M~MO/ HE SEALED ThE BOOKS W-iTh H-iS OWN SEAL
         AND TOLD H-iS ATTENDANTSH ~L ShALL BE SOON COLN-iNG TO Th-iS
         PLACE!-' bE-iNG EARNESTLY REQUESTED BY SOME kHAMS-PA PR-i~STS
         AND D-iSC-iPLES/ H~ PROCEEDED TO ~HU-N-i-MA AND ON LL-iS WAY H~
         USED TO REPEAT FREQUENTLYH ~ Th-iS T-iME AUSP-iC-iOUS S-iGNS D-iD NOT
         ;LPPEAR"/ BUT HE WAS FORCED BY ThEM. aS SOON AS ThEY
         HAD P-iTCHED ThE CAMP ThER~/ HE COMPLETED H-iS PREACH-iNG/
                                                                          p.545
         AND ThEN ShOWED S-iGNS OF BE-iNG SOMEWHAT -iND-iSPOSED. hE
         PASSED AWAY AT ThE AGE OF 56 ON ThE 2GTh DAY OF ThE SEVENTh
         MONTh O~ ThE YEAR wOOD-fEMALE-hEN (S-iN-MO-BYA--1405
         a.d.). aT ThE T-iME OF H-iS DEATh A HEAVY ShOWER OF F~OWERS
         FELL AND ThE WHOLE OF ThE SKY WAS F-iLLED BY A iLET OF RA-iN-
         BOWS. h-iS REMA-iNS WERE PLACED -iN A PALANQU-iN/ AND A GOLDEN
         CA-iYA WAS BU-iLT AT DgA'-LDAN-MA-MO (kOR;-PO). tHE REMA-iNS
         WERE ENShR-iNED -iNS-iDE ThE CA-iTYA. aLL Th-iS WORK WAS DONE
         BY ThE BLA-MA ~HHHOS-BZAN AND ThE MONK gTAGS-PA RGYAL-
         MTShAN.
            RdZA-DGON kUN-SPANS-PA RES-iDED AT RdZA-DGON AND LABOUR-
         ED ThERE. tH-iS MONASTERY HAD BEEN FORMERLY A BRANCH OF
   (62B) pHAG-MO GRU-PA/ BUT S-iNCE ThE T-iME OF Th-iS pREC-iOUS oNE/ 
         -iT HAD BEEN HOLD-iNG -iN H-iGH ESTEEM ThE tEACH-iNG AND
         MED-iTAT-iVE PRACT-iCE OF DpAL MkHA'-SPYOD DBAN-PO. tHE NAT-iVE
         PLACE OF 'gER-NAG RTOGS-LDAN WAS SgAN-CHUN -iN SpOM-PO
         (kHAMS). hE WAS A D-iSC-iPLE OF DpAL MkHA'-SPYOD-PA AND
         WAS ASS-iSTED BY PRECEPTS. hE SPENT H-iS T-iME EXCLUS-iVELY
         -iN HERM-iTAGES. aBOUT 500 OR 600 N~ONKS GAThERED. hE
         HAD MANY D-iSC-iPLES WHO MA-iNTA-iNED ThE BENEF-iT OF OThERS.
         aMONG ThEM ThE dHARMASVAM-iN dR-i-MED-PA WAS ThE SP-iR-i-
         TUAL PRECEPTOR OF ThE K-iNG OF L~AN-NAG ANT bAR-'AR WAS LOOK-iNG
         AFTER ThE -iNTEREST OF OThERS. sR-i-DKAR sAN-S-i WAS A H~AT-iVE
         OF SgAN -iN SpOM-PO. h-iS ROOT-TEACHER (MULA-GURU/ RTSA BA-I
         BLA-MA) WAS MkHA'-SPYOD-PA. hE FOUNDED ThE sA-SER MONAS-
         TERY -iLL SpOM-PO SGAN AND jABOURED ThERE. hE GAThERED
         ROUND H-iM ABOUT 3OO MONKS; ThEY WERE D-iSC-iPLES OF 'gER-
         NAG. BkA'-BZ-i-PA r-iN-CHEN-DPAL FOUN~ED ThE MONASTERY OF
         zUR -iN uPPER LdAN-SGA/ AND GAThERED ABOUT 400 MONKS
         -iN BOTh ThE MONASTERY AND HERM-iTAGE. lHA-GZ-iGS-PA
         (BORN -iN ~372 a.d.)H -iN ThE BEG-iNN-iNG HE WAS A DOMEST-iC
         ~TTENDANT (GZ-iMS-GYOG) OF 'bT-i-KHUN-PA. lATER HE BECAME A
         D-iSC-iPLE OF MkHA'-SPYOD-PA. hE WAS HELPED BY PRECEPTS
         AND POSSESSED ThE POWER OF AN EXCELLENT TRANCE. hE TOOK
         DOWN NOTES ON ThE SYSTEM (OF H-iS tEACHER)/ AND GREAT WAS ThE
         BENEF-iT. hE V-iS-iTED ALL ThE uPPER AND lOWER D-iSTR-iCTS (OF ThE
                                                                          p.546
         COUNTRY) AND GREATLY FOSTERED ThE BENEF-iT OF OThERS. ~-iS D-iS-
         C-iPLE WAS ThE MAHA-L-iP;~DHYAYA ~AKYA GTAGS-PA. iN ThE B~G-iN-
         N-iNG/ ThOUGH HE ATTENDED ON MkHA'-SPYOD-~A H-iMSELF/ HE
         HEARD ThE COMPLETE PRECEPTS FROM lHA-GZ-iGS/ WHOM HE ALSO
         FOLLOWED. hE ATTENDED ALSO ON MANY TEACHERS/ AND FOR A LONG
         T-iME PROTECTED ThE WELFARE OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS. hE D-iED AT ThE
         AGE OF 82 -iN Th~ YEAR wOOD-mALE-dOG (S-iN-PHO-KHY-i--1454
         a. d.). 'kHRUL-Z-iG BsOD-NAMS-'BUM WAS BORN AT GyU-MA
         -iN ThE NE-iGHBOURHOOD OF GnAS-NAH. hE HEARD MANY EXPOS-i-
         T-iONS OF ThE dOC~-iNE FROM MkHA'-SPYOD-PA AND OThERS/ AND
         RES-iDED AT ThE MONASTERY OF GnA~NAN. hE TOOK NOTES ON ThE
   (63A) TEACH-iNG OF ThE dHARMASVAM-iN MkHA'-SPYOD-PA/ AND CON;- 
         POSED AN EXTENS-iVE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE sEVA-SADHANA (BSNEN-
         SGRUB (u-RGYAN BSNEN-SGRUBL) AND OThER TREAT-iSES. ~-iS D-iSC-i-
         PLES WERE ThE ACARYA BlA-MA RGYAL-MTShAN-PA AND OThERS.
         tHE BLA-MA ~HHOS-BZAN-PAH H-iS NAT-iVE PLACE WAS nAGS-SOD.
         hA~-iNG BECOME A D-iSC-iPLE OF MkHA'-SPYOD-PA/ HE OBTA-iNED
         (FROM H-iM) ALL ThE H-iDDEN PTECEPTS. hE WAS ABBOT OF StAG-
         RTSE AND bA-YO. h-iS LABOUTS WERE GREAT. tL~E BLA-MA r-iN-
         BZANS DKAR~ H-iS NAT-iVE PLACE WASnAGS-SOD. hE FOUNDED
         ThE MONASTERY OF gR-iwGON AND ThERE GAThERED ABOUT A HUN-
         DRED SCHOLARS (TShOGS~A). hE LABOUTED ON BEHALF OF MkHA'-
         SPYOD-PA. lATER/ TBESE TWO ACTED AS PRECEPTORS OF SpRUL-SKU
         ~HHO~DPAL yE-SES. tTLE dHARMASVAM-iN k-i-NL-i 'BAB~PA WAS
         BORN -iN ThE YEAR wATET-mALE-t-iGER (CHU-PHO-STAG--1362
         a. d.) WH-iCH WAS ThE }3Th YEAR OF MkHA'-SPYOD-PA. hE BE
         CAME A FOLLOWER OFT HE DgE-LDAN-PA SCHOOL AND LABOURED AS
         AN ORDA-iNED MONK (L-iT. ~HE PERFORMED V-iRTUOUS ACT-iONS OF AN
         ORDA-iNED PERSON"). hAV-iNG BECOME A D-iSC-iPLE OF MkHA'-
         SPYOD-PA/ HE SPENT ALL H-iS T-iME -iN MED-iTAT-iON ON ThE
         mAHAMUDRA. hE PASSED AWAY AT ThE AGE OF 92 -iN ThE YEAR
         wATER-fEMALE-hEN (CHU-MO BYA--i453 a. d.) AT dAGS-PO
         LA-BAR. tHE dHARM~SVAN~-iN ~HHO~DPAL YE-SES/ AN -iNCA~NAT-iON
         OF MkHA'-SPYCD-PAH ACCORD-iNG TO A PROPBECY BY MkHA'-
         SPYOD-PA WH-iCH SA-iDH "lAEER ~1) ShALL WANDER ABOUT AS A tAN-
         TR-iC YOG-iN"/ HE PROM-iSED TO RE-iNCARNATE AGA-iN AT DEATh T-iME/
                                                                          p.547
         AND ACCORD-iNGLY HE WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-mALE-dOG (ME-
         PHO-KHY-i--~406 a.d.) AS SON O~ BsAM-GTUB ?ND MOThER bAT-
         BZA' AT kBA-BRAG-MDO/ ~ D-iSTR-iCT OF mYAN-PO. hE WAS A
         CH-iLD BEAUT-iFUL TO LOOK AT AND POSSESSED O~ EXTTAORD-iNARY
         MARKS. oN ThE PALM OF H-iS FOOT WAS FOUND ThE LETTER RgYAL
         (w-iCTORY) -iN ThE mONGOL NEW SCR-iPT (hOR-Y-iG-GSAR/ ThE SCR-iPT
         -iNTRODUCED -iN 1269). wHEN HE WAS F-iVE MONThS dLD/ ~EVERAL
         sUM MKHAT-BAS (CAME) AND ASKED TO BE BLESSED/ AND HE BES-
         TOWED BLESS-iNG ON EACH OF ThEM BY TURNS. wHEN H-iS FAThER
         BROUGHT H-iM TO 'L~RAS/ (ThE CH-iLD) WAS SEEN BY S~ME FORTNER
         MONKS OF 'bRAS/ AND FA-iTh (-iN H-iM) WAS BORN Jd ALL OF ThEM.
         a~TER ThE LAPSE O~ ONE YEAR/ ThE MONK DBoN GRAGS-PA/ ThE
         BLA-MA ~ HHOS-BZA-i~-PA AND OThERS BROUGHT H-iM (L-iT. -iNV-iTED) BY
   (63B) A SK-iN-BOAT ALONG ThE mYAN-CHU. hE STAYED AT StAG-TTSE. 
         oNCE HE WENT TO A ROCKY CAVE -iN uPPER 'o-PHUG WH-iCH ThE
         OThERS COULD ONLY REACH W-iTh D-iFF-iCULTY/ AR~D WHEN ThEY REQUE~
         TED H-iM TO COME BACK/ HE CAME BACK W-iThOUT PEOPLE NOT-iC-iNG
         H-iS COM-iNG. hE WAS ABLE TO MOVE ABOUT UNaH-iNDETED BY WALLS
         AND ENCLOSUTES. hE ALSO DEL-iVERED MANY PROPHEC-iES. aFTET
         ThAT HE PTOCEED D TO M~AR-STENS AND DgA'-MA-MO/ AND TOLD H-iS
         FORMER D-iSC-iPLES DETA-iLED STOR-iES. hE GAVE PRECEPTS TO A
         SUPPORTER. hE ALSO D-iSCOVERED ThE H-iDDEN ~lAST w-iLL" O~
         MkHA'-SPYOD-PA. fROM ThE BLA-MA ~HHO~BZAN HE HEARD ThE
         -iN-iT-iAT-iON R-iTES AND PROP-iT-iAT-iONS ~SADHANAS) OF wAJRAVARAH-i/
         RgYAL-BA RGYA-MTShO (A FORM OF aVALOK-iT~SVARA) AND OF bER-
         N~G-CAN/ AS WELL AS ~ThE cOLLECT-iONS OF wORKS' (GsUT;-'B~LM)
         O~ kAR-MA-PA/ rOL-PA-I RDO-T~E AND MkHA'-SPYOD-PA~ ThE ~s-iX
         dOCTR-iNES"/ ThE mAHAMUDRA/ ThE RlUN-SEMS ~;N-iS-MED (A TEXT
         ON ThE DEVELOPMENT OF '~iNNER hEAT")/ ThE cYCLE OF ThE ~gREAT
         aCH-iEVEMENT" (RdZOGS-CHEN)/ ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE pANCAK-
         RAMA (r-iM-LNA)/ ThE tANTR-iC SECT-iON (RgYUD-'BUM) OF ThE
         BkA''GYUR AND OTBER TEXTS. hE PERCE-iVED H-iS TEACHER AS
         ~ MAN-iFESTAT-iON OF RgOD-TShAN-PA AND COMPOSED A ~TOTRA
         (-iN H-iS HONOUR). fROM ThE MONK DBoN GT~GS-PA HE
         HEARD ThE SEVENTEEN tANTRAS (-i.E. ALL ThE R~-iN-MA tANTRAS)
         TOGEThET W-iTh ThE SL;L-iN-Th-iG/ AS WELL AS NUMETOUS -iNSTRUCT-iONS
                                                                          p.548
         (GSUN-CHOS). oN BE-iNG -iNV-iTED TO SpO-BO (s.e. t-iBET)/ BE
         PROCEEDED TO yE-GON AND OThER PLACES. aT ThE AGE Oe 8/ HE
         MET ThE dHARMASVAM-iN dE-BZ-iN GSEGS PA AT bAN-MDO ON ThE
         BORDER OF kON-PO AND DBuS/ TOOK ThE UPASAKA VOWS
         AND WAS PRA-iSED GREATLY. hE WAS ORDA-iNED AT StAG-RTSE/
         ThE dHARMASVAM-iN ACT-iNG AS UPADHYAYA AND BlO-GROS RGYAL-
         MTShAN DPAL-BZAN-PO AS ACARY/A. aT ThE FEET O~ ThE dHARMA-
         SVAM-iN HE HEARD NUMEROUS EXPOS-iT-iONS/ -iN-iT-iAT-iON R-iTES/
         PERM-iSS-iONS (TO READ A SACRED TEXT--LUN) AND OThERS. fROM
         ThE tA-I m-iR; (m-iNG) eMPEROR HE RECE-iVED AN -iMAGE O~ wAJRA-
         DHARA/ A VAJRA AND BELL/ A GAN-DKAR (A K-iND O~ VESTMENT/~
         AND OThER PRESENTS. aT ThE AGE OF 13/ HE PROCEEDED TO S~E-
         BO. hE -iNCRE~SED (ThE NUMBER) O~ MONASTER-iES -iN kON-PO/
         AND STAYED AT bA YO AND OThER PLACES. hE PROP-iT-iATED aM-iTA-
         YUS AT BkRA-S-iS-L~ONS OF tSA-R-i. AND SAW A CLEAR V-iS-iON O~
   (64A) aM-iTAYUS. iN ThE hARE YEAR (yOS-LO--i423 a/d.) HE PRO- 
         CEEDED FROM dAGS-PO TO 'oL-KHA BkRA-S-iS-ThAN (lHO-KHA) -iN
         COMPANY OF ThE dHARMASVAM-iN MtHON-BA dON-LDAN. h~
         iNET ThE MtShAL-M-iN r-iN-PO-CHE BsOD-NAMS-BZAN-PO WHO WAS
         ON H-iS WAY To dO-L-i (OR--~WHO WAS TRAVELL-iNG BY PALAN-
         QU-iN"). tHERE HE RECE-iVED ThE F-iNAL MONAST-iC ORD-iNAT-iON.
         SnE'U-GTON-PA ANj tHEL-PA (ThESE WERE TWO OFF-iC-iALS/ ThE F-iRST
         WAS AN -iN~9UENT-iAL PERSONAL-iTY OF ThE PER-iOD) ENTERTA-iNED H-iM.
         tHEN HE RETURNED. aT ThE NEW MONASTERY OF RgYA-MTShO
         SGAN/ HE HEARD FROM ThE BkA'-BZ-i-PA r-iG-PA-I rAL-GR-i ThE rAN-
         BYUN-BA-I BKA'-'BUM (ThE cOLLECT-iON OF wORKS OF rAN-BYUN
         RDO-R~E)/ ThE ~f-iVE tREAT-iSES OF mA-iTREYA/" ThE RtSA-SE (mULA-
         mADHYAMAKA-KAR-iKA/ tG. DBu-MA/ nO. 3827~/ ThE TtSOD-
         BZLOG (w-iGRAHA-VYAVARTANL BY nAGARJUNA/ tG. DBu-MA/ nO.
         38~8)/ ThE yUKT-iSAST-iKA ~BY nAGARJUNA/ tG. DBu-MA/ nO.
         3825) AND ThE sUNYATA-SAPTAT-i (BY nAGARJUNA/ tG. DBu-MA/
         nO. 38~7). tO WHATEVER PLACE HE WENT/ HE USED TO EXPOUND
         H-iDDEN PRECEPTS AND S-iGN HYMNS/ ETC. hE ATTENDED ON ~E
         dHARMASVAM-iN MtHON-BA dON-LDAN/ AND -iN ThE YEAR OF ThE
         oX (GLAN-LO--1433 a.d.) HE LEFT mYAN-PO AND JOURNEYED
         TOWARDS bRAG-GSUM/ '~AM-NE/ DmAR-TShA-ThUN AND R~OD a-R-iG
                                                                          p.549
         ThAN. ~ROM HERE HE PROCEEDED TOWARDS SgOM-SDE/ AND ThEN
         AS ~AR AS sOG. aFTER ThAT HE WAS -iNV-iTED TO nAGS-SOD BY
         DkAR-PO r-iN-BZANS/ A D-iSC-iPLE OF MkHA'-SPYOD-PA/ AND
         PREACHED EXTENS-iVELY ThE dOCTR-iNE AT gR-iB-GDON AND SbUN-MDA'.
         fROM ThE BLA-MA r-iN-BZANS-PA HE HEARD MANY EXPOS-iT-iONS O~
         ~ HERM-iT DOCTR-iNES" (R-i-CHOS<R-i-KHROD-PA-I CHOS; yAN-DGON-
         PA-I R-i-CHOS OR ThE rA-GA-A-SYA R-i-CHOS). tHEN HE REACH~D
         'tShUR-PHU BY ThE NORThERN ROUTC/ MADE LARGE PRCSENTS TO ~HE
         MONASTERY AND OFFERED TEA (TO ThE CONGREGAT-iON~. hE ALSO
         PREACHED AT GnAS-NAN. fRO~ ThE BLA-MA gAR-i5-PA DbAN-
         PHYUG RGYAL-MTShAN HE HEARD ThE n-i-GU-I CHO~SKOR (ThE s-iX
         dOCTR-iNES OF nA-RO'S S-iSTER n-i-GU)/ ThE 'tShAL-PA-I CHOS-SKOR
         (ThE SYSTEM OF BlA MA ~AN)/ ThE dOHAKOSA AND OThER SYSTEMS.
         aFTER ThAT HE JOURNEYED TO lHA-SA AND ThERE MADE LARGE
         O~ER-iNGS AND OFLERED PRAYERS. sTART-iNG H-iS JOURNEY FROM DBu-
         RU/ HE PROCEEDED V-iA ~YAN-PO TO kON-PO. aT DgA'-MA-MO
         HE HEARD FROM 'tSLLUR-STON ~HHOS KY-i R-iN-CHEN ThE EXPOS-iT-iON
         OF MANY REL-iG-iOUS TEXTS/ SUCH AS ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON OF ThE MkHA'-
         '~RO RGYA-MTShO (~RL-dAKARN. AVAMAHAYOG-iNLTANTTARAJA/ kG.
         TgYUD-'BUM/ nO. 372)/ ThE zAB-MO NAN-DON/ ThE BRtAG-GN-iS
         (hEVAJRA-tANTRA~/ ThE kUN-SPYOD TyOG-iNLSANCATYA/ kG. RgYUD
         'BUM/ nO. 375); ETC. tHEN -iN ORDER TO PERFORM A CEREMONY
         FOR ThE WEL~ARE OF H-iS PARENTS AND OThERS/ HE -iNV-iTED TO StAG-
         RTSE ThE dHARMAS~RAM-iN MtHON-BA dON-LDAN AND MADE LARGE
         OL~ER-iNGS TO H-iM. hE ALSO PLEASED ThE CONGREGAT-iON W-iTh
   (64B) PRESENTS/ ETC. aT ThAT T-iME R-iD-iNG ON A B-iG MDZO/ HE TW-iCE 
         V-iS-iTED ThE RES-iDENCE OF BlA-MA yE-SES DBAN-PO-MA/ AS
         FAR AS ThE SMALL OPEN-iNG (BUG-SGO/ A SMALL W-iNDOW/
         L-iKE AN OPEN-iNG/ -iN ThE WALL OF A CELL -iN WH-iCL-
         AN ASCET-iC -iS -iMMURED AND ThROUGH WH-iCH FOOD AND WATER H-iRE
         G-iVEN H-iM BY H-iS D-iSC-iPLES) OF HER CELL (WHERE ShE WAS STAY-
         -iNd -iMMURED). aT ThE FEET O~ ThE dHARMASVAM-iN HE HEARD
         ThE GsUN-SGROS-SKOR (TALKS ON RE-i-iG-iON BY ThE PREV-iOUS
         dHARMASVAM-iNS3 AND ThE ~-iKSASAMUCCAYA. hE ALSO PREACHED
         EXTENS-iVELY TO ThE dHARMASVAM-iN. fROM ThE MAHA-UPADHYAYA
         sAKYA GRAGS-P;/ HE HEARD NUMEROUS DOCTR-iNES -iNCLUD-iNG ThE
                                                                          p.550
         ~HERM-iT-DOCTR-iNES" (R-i-CHOS-SKOR)/ ThE 'bRU~-SKOR ('bRUG-P~
         BkA' BRGYUD-KY-i SKOR)/ ThE ~-i-BYED SO-LUGS (A BRANCH OF ThE
         ~-i-BYED DOCTR-iNE) AND OThER SYSTEMS. wHEN KE WAS MAK-iNG
         PREPARAT-iONS FOR ThE BU-iLD-iNG OF ThE TEMPLE AT DgA'-MA-MO/ HE
         H-iMSELF (W-iTh ThE HELP OF H-iS SUPERNATURAL POWERS) D-iSCOVERED
         STONES/ WH-iLE ThEY (ThE WORKERS) COULD NOT F-iND SU-iTABLE STOR-iES.
         aFTER ThAT HE WAS -iNV-iTED TO ALL ThE UPPER AND LOWER D-iSTR-iCTS
         OF SpN-BO/ AND WENT ThERE. hE PERFORMED ThE CEREMONY OF
         EXPELL-iNG DEMONS/ WHO HAD FOLLOWED AFTER ThE -iMAGE-MAKERS.
         (dUR-iNG ThE R-iTE) ThE-iR CR-iES COULD BE HEARD D-iST-iNCTLY. aT
         ThAT T-iME HE MET S~AG-LUN CHOS-R~E bYAN-CHUB RGYA-MTShO.
         tHEY HEARD EACH OThER'S EXPOS-iT-iONS OF ThE dOCTR-iNE. aT
         DgA'-MA-MO HE PREACHED ThE tANTR-iC SECT-iON (RgYUD-'BUM)
         OF ThE BkA'-'G~UR. hE PRESENTED NUMEROUS REQU-iS-iTCS (DNOS-
         PO) TO mAR-STER;S/ AND SETTLED D-iSPUTES ~R-iTh-iN A D-iSTANCE OF
         TWELVE DAYS' JOURNEY. hE USED MAG-iC AGA-iNST ThOSE V-iLLAGERS
         WHO FA-iLED TO OBEY H-iS COMMAND/ SO ThAT ThE GtSAN-PO CH~NG-
         ED -iTS COURSE/ AND FLOWED PAST ThE-iR V-iLLAGE. wHEN HE WAS
         PREPAR-iNG GTOR-MA OFFER-iNGS/ HE SAW A V-iS-iON OF ThE REL-iG-iOUS
         PROTECTOR ARTD MANY M-iRACLES TOOK PLACE/ SUCH AS ThE STAFF OF
         H-iS BLACK BANNER STAND-iNG ERECT/ W-iThOUT ANYONE HOLD-iNG -iT.
         wHEN HE WAS STAY-iNG -iN STR-iCT SECLUS-iON AT ThE LOCAL-iTY OF
         sUM-MKHAR/ HE RECE-iVED ThE NEWS ThAT ThE dHARMASVAM-iN
         MtHOR;-BA dON-LDAN WAS UNWELL. aT ONCE HE LEFT kON-PO
         FOR mYAR;-PO/ lHO-ROR; AND r-i-BO-CHE. wHEN HE REACHED ThE
         BANKS OF ThE T;LOM-CHU/ OFF-iC-iALS OF ThE dHARM;LSVAM-iN'S CAMP
         CAME oUT TO RECE-iVE H-iM/ AND ESCORTED H-iM TO kAR-MA/ WHERE
         HE MET ThE H-iERARCH. hE HELD A REL-iG-iOUS SERV-iCE AND CONTROLL-
         ED ThE EV-iL. aFTER ThAT HE JOURNEYED TOWARDS yOR-MDA' AND
         lHA-STENS. tHERE HE RECE-iVED REPEATED REQUESTS FROM MANY
         PEOPLE TO BECOME ThE ~-iPADHYAYA FOR ORD-iNAT-iOLL/ BUT DEC-iDED
         NOT TO GO ThERE. tHEN ON BE-iNG PRESSED TO DO SO/ HE WENT
         ON. fEEL-iNG -iND-iSPOSED/ HE SE~LED AT yOR-MDA'. hE RECE-iV-
         ED AN -iNV-iT~T-iON FROM ThE dHARM~SVAM-iN MtHON-BA dON-LDAN/
         AND HAV-iNG LEFT SgON-SDE/ HC F-iRST WCNT V-iA ThE kHYUN-PO
         ROUTE TO kON-PHO. tHE CAMP FOLLOWCD AFTER H-iR-iL LLSO. ~LH-iLC
                                                                          p.551
   (65A) RES-iD-iNG A~ DgA'-MA-MO/ WHEN HE HAD REACHED ThE AGE OF 47/ 
         -iN THHE AUTUMN MONTh OF ThE YEAR wATER mALE-aPE (CHU-PL O-
         SPRE'U--1452 a.d.) A CONT-iR-iUOUS qOWER ShOWER FELL eROM A
         CLEAR SKY. hE SA-iDH ~'tHE dHARMASVAM-iN dE-BZ-iN GSEGS-PA/
         ThE wENERABLE tATA AND OlHERS HAVE COME! pREPARE OF~ER-iNGS!"
         AND ThEN P;-iSSED OUT. mANY WONDERFUL S-iGNS/ SUCH AS A
         WH-iTE RA-iNBOW WH-iCH ~PREAD L-iKE A S-iLK SCARF/ ETC./ WERE
         OBSERVED. h-iS REMA-iNS WERE ENShT-iLLED -iN A STUPA -iN ThE STYLE
         OF mAHABODH-i (ONE OF ThE E-iGHT GREAT CA-iTYAS/ ERECTED ON ThE
         SPOT WHERE ThE bUDDHA HAD ATTA-iNED sUPREME eNL-iGHTENMENT).
         h-iS -iNCARNAT-iON ThE pREC-iOUS dHARMASVAM-iN H~HWA-DMAR ~OD-
         PALL 'DZ-iN-PA/ ~hOLDER OF ThE rED hAT" (~HOS-GRAGS YE-SES)/
         ThE fOURTh/ wDs BORN -iN ThE YEAR wATER fEMALE-hEN (CHU-MO-
         BYA--1453 a.d.) AT tRE-SOD-MTh-iL. iMMED-iATELY ON H-iS
         B-iRTh/ HE BEGAN TO LABOUR FOR ThE WELFARE OF OThETS. hE HEARD
         ThE dOCTR-iNE FROM ThE dHARMASVAM-iN kAR-MA-PA/ ThE BLA-MA
         bAN DKAR-BA/ '~AM-DPAL BZAN-PO/ gU-SRL DpAL-'BYOR wON-
         GRUB-PA/ AND PROCEEDED TO kON-PO/ WHERE HE WAS -iNV-iTED BY
         ThE ACARYA BlA-MA RgYAL-MTShAN-PA. tHERE HE HEARD NUMER-
         OUS -iN-iT-iAT-iON R-iTES/ SUCH AS ThE wAJTAMALA (RdO-R~E PHREN-BA)
         AND OThERS/ NUMEROUS EXPOS-iT-iONS (OF SACRED TEXTS)/ PERM-iSS-iONS
         (LUN) TO READ MANY BkA'-'BUM/ ETC./ AS WELL AS V-iS-iTED ThE
         UPPER AND LOWER D-iSTR-iCTS (OF kON-PO). tHEN HAV-iNG LEFT
         lOWER kHAMS/ HE PROCEEDED AS FAR AS z-i-L-iN-MKHAR (hS-i-N-iNG/
         -iN cH~-iNG-HA-i pROV-iNCE)/ AND CAUSED ALL L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS TO EXPECT
         ThE END OF PHENOMENAL EX-iSTENCE (SARNSARA). aFTER ThAT HE
         YROCEEDED TOWARDS mONGOL-iA (hOR-YUL). tHE PEOPLE OF mON-
         GOL-iA BECAME H-iS D-iSC-iPLES/ AND HE -CUT ThE STREAM OF S-iNFUL
         DEEDS OF ThE a-RAM (NAME OF A mONGOL-TR-iBE). hE ESTABL-iShED
         ALL MEN -iN DEVOT-iON TO ThE MONAST-iC CONGREGAT-iON AND PREA-
         CHED ThE hOLY dOCTR-iNE. hE RECE-iVED LARGE O~ER-iLLGS AND
         CST~BL-iShE~L OThERS ON ThE pATh OF eNL-iGHTENMENT. aFTER ThAT/
         L~E JOURNEYED V-iA ThE REG-iONS OF kHAMS/ AND FROM kON-PO
         L)ROCEEDED TOW~RDS T-iLE ~sUN-L-iL~E" K-iNGDOM OF DBuS/
         AND ThERE LABOURED EXTENS-iVELY FO~ ThE WELFARE OF OThERS.
         hE KEEPS H-iS FEET F-iR-iNLY PLACED ON TBE ThRONE (-i.E. HE -iS
                                                                          p.552
         NOW L-iV-iNG~. tHE cHAPTET ON ThE SECOND l-iNEAGE OF
         iNCARNATED BLA-MAS.
            sHR⌠pHAG-MO GRU-PA/ A D-iSC-iPLE OF ThE mASTER dAGS-PO/
         WHO HAD BECOME H-iS D-iSC-iPLE AT ThE END OF H-iS L-iFE/
         WHOSE -iNS-iGHT WAS S-iM-iLAR TO ThE SKY/ WHO WAS APPO-iNTED BY
         dAGS-PO AS ThE HEAD O~ ThE MONAST-iC COMMUN-iTY OF TLLAT PLACE/
   (65B) W-iTh ThE WORDSH ~yOU KALYANA-M-iTRA/ GREAT kHALLLS-PA/ TAKE 
         YOUR SEAT AT ThE HEAD OF ThE CONGREGAT-iON ! "/ WHO ThUS w;is
         APPO-iNTED -iND-iRECTLY AS ThE mASTER OF ThE BkA'-BRGYUD-PAS/
         WHOSE NAME WAS DpAL pHAG-MO GTU-PA/ WHOSE FAME ENCO-iN-
         PASSED ThE ThREE WOTLDS/ WHOSE GREATNESS WAS KNOWN TO L~AVE
         POSSESSED ThREE ASPECTS--i ShALL RELATE HERE ThE MANNER -iLL
         WH-iCH HE LLAD BECOME A ~UDDHA TO ThOSE POSSESSED OF EXCELLENT
         UNDERSTAND-iNG/ A S-iDDLLA-PURUSA TO ThqSE POSSESSED OF MED-iUM
         UNDERSTAND-iNG/ A;LD A FORTUNATE HUMAN BE-iNG (PRThAG~ -iLA)/
         WHO ThROUGH GRADUAL SP-iR-iTUAL PRACT-iCE HAD REACHED ThE STAGE
         O~ A gREAT bE-iNG (mAHASATTVAJ/ ESTABL-iShED ON ThE PATh OF
         bODH-iSATTVAS/ TO TLLOSE POSSESSED OF -iNFER-iOR UNDERSTAND-iNG.
         nOW TO ThOSE POSSESSED Oe EXCELLENT UNDERSTAND-iNG/ HE OPENLY
         PROCLA-iMED ThAT HE WAS ThE bUDDHA OF ThE pAST AND fUTURE/
         AS WELL AS ThE ~AKYENDRA OF ThE pRESENT aGE. wHEN ThE
         mASTER (R~E) 'bR-i-KHUN-PA/ H-iMSEL~ A MAN-iFESTAT-iON OF ThE
         ACARYA nAGARJUNA/ PRESENTED H-iMSELF BEFORE H-iM AS AN UPASAKA/
         HE (pHAG-MO GRU-PA) SA-iD TO H-iMH '~yOU/ UPASAKA/ HAVE
         GREAT HOPES ~OR YOURSELF/ BUT i HAVE MANY D-iFF-iCULT WORKS
         TO LAST MALLY cOSM-iC PER-iODS/ FOR YOU (TO PERFORM) ! "
         SAY-iNG SO/ HE PROCLA-iMED H-iMSELF -iN AN -iND-iRECT WAY TO BE A
         bUDDHA. tHE STORY (TShUL) OF ThE l-iNEAGE OF S-iDDHAS (H-iS
         FORMER RE-iNCARNAT-iONS)H iN ThE sAHAJAS-iDDH-i AND ThE ~sAHAJA-
         S-iDDH-iPADDHAT-i (lHAN-C-iG SKYE~GRUB RTSA'GREL/ tG. RgYUD/
         nOS. 2260/ 2261) -iT -iS SA-iDH ~'LN oDDLYANA/ A RS-i NAMED
         'gR~BA DBUGS-'BY-iN. h-iS FOLLOWER wLRAVAJRA (DpA'-BO RDO-R~E).
         tHEN -iN SUCCESS-iONaH sAMAYAVAJRA (dAM-TSh-iG RDO-R~E)/ pAD-
         MAVAJRA (pAD-MA-I RDO-R~E)/ sAHAJAVAJRA (lHAN-C-iG SKYES-PA-I
         RD~R~E)/ aNANDAVAJRA/ ThE wEAVER (tHA-GA-PA DgA'-BA-I RDO-R~E)/
         wAJRA/ ThE BRAHMANL ~bRAM-ZE-MO RDO-R~E)/ s-iDDHAVAJRA/ ThE
                                                                          p.553
         bARBET ('bREG-MKHAN gRUB-PA-I RDO-R~E)/ sARVAJAGANNAThA (DpAL-
         LDAN kUN-'GRO MGON-PO) AND ThE YOG-iN c-iTTAVAJRA (tHUGS-
         KY-i RDO-R~E). tHE PREDECESSORS ESTABL-iShED -iN MED-iTAT-iON ThE-iT
         SUCCESSORS. tHE LAST OF ThE ABOVE/ c-iTTAVAJRA (tHUGS-KY-i TDO-
         R~E) ESTABL-iShED -iN ThE DEGREE OF REAL-iZAT-iON (GRUB-PA-I SA) ThE
         lADY lAKSMLNKARA/ WHO ESTABL-iShED HER OWN BROThER ThE K-iNG
         iNDRABUDDH-i (iNDRABHUT-i) -iN ThE DEGREE OF SP-iR-iTUA~ REAL-iZAT-iON.
         iN ORDER TO CONVERT DAK-iN-iS/ ThE K-iNG LEFT BEH-iND A GARMENT
         MADE OF A BLANKET (LA-BA) AND MADE H-iS OWN BODY -iNV-iS-iBLE.
   (66A) tHE DAK-iN-iS D-iV-iDED ThE BLANKET -iNTO P-iECES AND CONSUMED 
         ThEM. aFTER ThAT/ ThE K-iNG TRANSFORMED ThE DAK-iNLS -iNTO
         ShEEP. tHE K-iNG (OF ThE COUNTRY/ WHOSE W-iVES ThE DAK-iLLLS
         WERE) ON LEARN-iNG Th-iS/ REQUESTED ThE ACARYA iNDRABUDDH-i (TO SET
         ThEM FREE). tHE ACARYA MADE ThE DAK-iMS WEAR AS A PUN-iSh
         MENT (AN ATT-iRE/ WH-iCH CONS-iSTED OF A R-iNG -iN ThE NOSE AND A
         BLANKET TO COVER ThE BODY/ AND WH-iCH REM-iNDED ONE OF A
         ShEEP). tHE ACARYA AGA-iN TRANSFORMED ThE DAK-iNLS -iNTO WO-
         MEN (g. tUCC-iH ~tRAVELS O~ t-iBETAN P-iLGR-iMS/" cALCUTTA/
         1940/ P. 5~ FF.). tH-iS iNDRABUDDH-i/ KNOWN AS lA BA-PA/ WAS
         TO BECOME DpAL pHAG-MO GRU-PA H-iMSELF/ AS WAS ADM-iTTED BY
         H-iMSELF. aT LAST/ ThE Th-iRDH ThE STORY OF H-iS GRADUAL EMANC-i-
         PAT-iON AS A FORTUNATE PRCHAG-JANA (ORD-iNARY MAN)H HE WAS BORN
         -iN ThE YEAR iRON-mALE-t-iGER (iCAGS-PHO-STAG--i i i 0 a. d.) -iN
         ThE COUNTRY OF StAG-NOS-MKHAR -iN 'bR-i-LUN-RNE-SOD OF
         sOUThERN lOWE~ kHAMS (MdO-KHAMS)/ AS SON OF FAThER DbAS
         wE-NA a-DAR AND MOThER rO-'BYE GZA' BTSUN-NE-i HE BELONGED
         TO ThE DbAS wE-NA 'pHAN-ThOG CLAN. h-iS MOThER SAW -iN A
         DREAM ThAT A GOLDEN VAJRA W-iTh N-iNE PO-iNTS WAS BORN TO HER.
         sHE PLACED -iT ON ThE LAP OF HER COAT/ AND -iT EM-iTTED L-iGHT
         WH-iCH ShONE TOWARDS ThE TEN QUATTERS AND -iLLUM-iNATED ALL
         D-iRECT-iONS. pHAG-MO GRU-PA USED TO SAYH ~(tHE bUDDHA)
         HAD SA-iD ThAT ThE CH-iLD WHEN BE-iNG BORN/ FEELS H-iS BODY AS -iF
         PASS-iNG ThROUGH A V-iCE ('~UR-M-iG). hOWEVER i D-iD NOT GET
         ThAT SENSAT-iON/ EXCEPT ThAT OF FALL-iNG DOWN -iNTO A BOTTOMLESS
         EMPTY PA-iL. i REMEMBER ThAT AT ThAT T-iME MY FAThER BROUGHT
         -iN ThE C~TCASs OF A HO~." wHEN HE REACHED ThE AGE OF TWO/
                                                                          p.554
         HE DEVELOPED A NATURAL STATE OF TRANCE. wH-iLE ONE OF H-iS BOY
         FR-iENDS WAS D-iS~URB-iNG H-iM/ HE FELT COMM-iSERAT-iON TOWARDS
         H-iM/ AND ThOUGHTH "iF ONLY HE WAS i" (HE WOULD FEEL ThE
         JOY OF TRANCE). aT ThE AGE OF 3/ H-iS MOThER USED TO LiOLD
         H-iM UP TO MAKE H-iM PASS WATER/ AND ThE CH-iLD ThOUGHTH
         ~(tHEY) DO NOT KEEP AWAY FROM ShAME!". tH-iS CAUSED H-iM
         TO FORGET H-iS FORMER EX-iSTENCES. hE SA-iDH ~aBOUT ThAT T-iME/
         i K-iLLED A SNAKE ANT LATER FELT -iN ThE UPPER HALF OF MY BODY AN
         -iNF~AMMAT-iON WH-iCH SEEMED TO HAVE BEEN CAUSED BY Th-iS ACT."
         aT ThE AGE OF 7/ HE ONCE MORE DEVELOPED A N~TURAL STATE O~
         TRANCE/ AND REMEMBERED TO HAVE BEEN BORN AS A MONKEY -iN TLLE
         PER-iOD DUR-iNG WH-iCH ThE bUDDHA kASYAPA PREACHED H-iS
         dOCTR-iNE/ BUT WHEN H-iS PARENTS GAVE H-iM A SPOTTED MEAT TO
         EAT (RME-SA)/ HE FORGOT -iT. h-iS PARENTS HAV-iNG D-iED WHEN HE
         WAS YOUNG/ HE LEFT H-iS YOUNGER BROThER -iN ThE HOUSE/ AND W-iTh
         ThE HELP OF H-iS UNCLE/ TOOK UP ORD-iNAT-iON AT ThE AGE OF 9/ AT
         ThE TEMPLE OF bYA-KHY-i LHA-KHAN/ -iN ThE PRESENCE OF ThE
         UPADHYAYA lH-iN-NE-YAN tHUB-BU tSLLUL-KHR-iMS AND ThE
         ACARYA lH-iN-NE 'oD-ZER RGYAL-MTShAN/ AND WAS G-iVEN
   (66B) ThE NAME OF RdO-R~E RGYAL-PO. hE KNEW WR-iT-iNG 
         W-iThOUT HAV-iNG STUD-iED -iT PREV-iOUSLY. wHEN H-iS UPADHYAYA
         WAS PREPAR-iNG A S-iLVER COPY OF ThE ~ATASAHASR-iKA-pRAJR-iAPARA-
         M-iTA/ HE COP-iCD ONE VOLUME. hE ALSO KNEW ThE WORK OF AN
         ART-iST W-iThOUT HAV-iNG LEARNT -iT PREV-iOUSLY. dUR-iNG H-iS
         -iN-iT-iAT-iON BY ThE BLA MA RgYA-CHEN-PO/ HE TOOK ThE VOW NOT
         TO DR-iNK W-iNE AT ThE T-iME OF REL-iG-i~-US ASSEMBL-iES/ ALLD ThUS
         PLEASED H-iS tEACHER GREATLY. hE HEARD NUMEROUS SACRED
         TEXTS/ sucii AS ThE bODLL-iSATTVACARYAVATARA AND OThERS. hE
         ALSO HEARD MANY DOCTR-iNES FROM A CH-iEF NAMED u-R-iN RGYAN-
         'BAR ABOUT ThE tHREE wORLDS (kHAMS-GSUM) AND ThE N-iNE
         STAGES OR BHUM-iS/ ETC. hE USED TO ~AYH '~tH-iS MAN (u-R-iN
         RGYAN-'BAR) SEEMED TO OTL ERS TO BE AN ORD-iNARY CH-iEF/ BUT
         (-iN REAL-iY) HE WAS A bODH-iSATTVA OF ThE tENTh sT~GE (BHUM-i)."
         iN GENERAL/ HE HAD ABOUT 16 TEACHERS -iN kHAMS. hE PREA-
         CHED ON SEVERAL OCC~S-iONS TLLE bODH-iSATNACARYAVATARL. tLLE
         UPADHYAYA AND H-iS D-iSC-iPL~S WERE FOND OF H-iM/ AND AGREED
                                                                          p.555
         TO SEND H-iM TO DBuS/ BUT HE D-iD NOT POSSESS ANY WEALTh/
         EXCEPT FOT A SMALL TURQUO-iSE. sO HE PTOCEEDED -iN ThE COMPANY
         O~ ThE GREAT DbAS/ WL O WAS A WEALThY MAN AND HELPED H-iM
         OUT/ SAY-iNG ~wE Sh~LL ShARE Th-iS PROPERTY -iN COMMON."
         wHEN ThEY CAME TO mER N~G-KHA OF sOG/ HE HAD A V-iS-iON
         ThAT ThE REG-iON OF DBuS-GtSAN WAS COVERED BY A BLACK VE-iL/
         AND TLLAT A SMALL -iMAGE OF ThE lORD aCALA HAD RENT ThE VE-iL
         W-iTh A SWORD/ AND ThAT A PALL OF GREY COLOUR WAS SPREAD-iNG -iN ALL
         D-iRECT-iONS. aT ThE AGE OF 19/ HE CAME TO DBuS. hE UNSADDLED
         H-iS HORSE (RTA-SGA PHOG-PA) AT StOD-LUN RgYA-DMAR. fROM
         ThE ASS-iSTAN~ PREACHER ThE KALYANA-M-iTRA GyOR-NAN HE OBTA-iNED
         (AN EXPOS-iT-iON) OF ThE mADHYAMAKA SYSTEM AND ThE nYAYA.
         aT ThAT T-iME ALSO HE OBTA-iNED FROM ThE KALYANA-M-iTRAS OF
         ThE BkA'-GDAMS-PAS--yAN-GAN-PA/ dON-STENS-PA/ bYA-YUL-PA
         AND OThERS/ A mENTAL cREAT-iVE eFFORT -iN ThE SmON-'~UG (-iN
         RESPECT OF A sOLEMN W-iSh AND PRACT-iCE) AND ALSO HEARD (AN
         EXPOS-iT-iON) OF ThE BStAN-PA-I R-iM-PA. hE SA-iD ThAT WH-iLE
         HE WAS STUDY-iNG UNDER RgYA-DMAR-PA/ HE OFFENDED ThE KALYA-
         NA-M-iTRA pHYA-PA/ AND FOR E-iGHT YEARS WAS UNABLE TO EXP-iATE
         -iT. aT ThE AGE O~ 25/ HE RECE-iVED ThE F-iNAL MONAST-iC ORD-i-
         NAT-iON AT zUL-PHU/ bYA-DUL ACT-iNG AS UPADHYAYA/ RgYA-DMAR
   (67A) ACT-iNG AS ACARYA AND aR AS sECRET pRECEPTOR. fROM ThE 
         UPADHYAYA KE HEARD ThE w-iNAYASUTRA ('dUL-BA-MDO).
         fROM mYAN-BRAN HE HEARD EXTENS-iVELY ThE ~dOMA-iN OF
         pRACT-iCE" (SpYOD-PHYOGS). wH-iLE HE WAS STUDY-iNG AT A
         PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL SCHOOL/ HE USED TO PRACT-iSE CONT-iNUOUSLY ThE
         YOGA OF ThE FOUR PER-iODS (ThUN-B~-i--FOUR DA-iLY MED-iTAT-iONSH
         -iN~ ThE MORN-iNG/ AT NOON/ AT DUSK AND AT N-iGHT). bECAUSE
         O~ H-iS GREAT KNOWLEDGE/ HE WAS KNOWN AS ~HOS-TShA-BA
         (~'bURN-iNG REL-i~-iON"). ~FTER HAV-iNG COLLECTED DUES ('DUN-
         MA. iN OLDER ~EXTS ThE WORD -iS USED -iN ThE SENSE O~ KHRAL/
         CUSTOM/ DUES) FROM RmEN-DOR-BA/ HE HEARD MANY tANTRAS -iN-
         CLUD-iNG ThE sAMVARA-tANTTA AND OThER tANTRAS FROM DmAR/
         ~HHOS KY-i RGYAL-MTShAN/ A D-iRECT D-iSC-iPLE O~ pU-HRANS LO-CHUN.
         hE ALSO MET DpAL CHEN RgWA-LO/ AND HEARD FROM H-iM MANY
         PRECEPTS AND DOCTR-iNES. wKEN HE WAS EN;/A~ED -iN ThE STUDY
                                                                          p.556
         OF ThE REMA-iN-iNG PART OF ThE dOCTR-iNE W-iTh ThE BLA-MA a-SEN/
         HE LENT SOME TEA TO ThE tEACHER/ BUT ThE LATTER D-iD NOT ShARE -iT
         W-iTh H-iN-i/ SO H-iS FA-iTh (-iN ThE tEACHER) SL-iGHTLY D-iM-iN-iShED.
         aFTER ThAT/ HE SAW -iN A DREAM T~-iAT H-iS tEACHER HAD TURNED H-iS
         BACK ON H-iM (AND HE NOT-iCED) ThAT HE WAS WEAR-iNG RAGGED
         CLOThES. a~TER ThAT HE TOOK UP A HUNDRED -iN-iT-iAT-iONS -iNTO ThE
         METhODS O~ CONCENTRATED TRANCE/ AND ThEN RECOVERED H-iS FORMER
         FA-iTh (-iN H-iS tEACHER)/ hE HEATD FROM H-iM NUMEROUS DOC-
         TR-iNES OF RgWA-LO/ -iNCLUD-iNG T6E sADAR;GA (SbYOR-DRUG) AND
         OThERS. aFTER ThAT HE PROCEEDED TOWARDS GtSAL-i AND OBTA-iN-
         ED FROM bRAG-DKAR-PO-BA ThE PRECEPTS OF a-RO (ThEY BELONG TO
         ThE RdZOGS-CLLEN SYSTEM). e~ ThOUGHT ThAT ThESE PRECEPTS
         REPRESENTED MERELY 3 m-iND CONCENTRAT-iON (Z-i-GNAS/ SAMAThA)/
         AND D-iD NOT FEEL SAT-iSF-iED. hE HEARD ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE
         gUHYASAMAJA ACCORD-iNG TO ThE nAGARJUNA METhOD/ AND ThE
         aBj-i-iDHARMA FROM '~AN bRAS-STAG-PA/ A D-iSC-iPLE OF 'gOS(LO-TSA-BA)/
         L~A~R-i LO-TSA-BA AND H-iS NEPHEW R~OG mU-NE. aFTER ThAT/ HE
         V-iS-iTED L~UR-SGOM NAG-PO AT bUR/ AND ASKED TO BE G-iVEN ThE PRE-
         CEPTS OF lO-RO-PA (rAS-CHUR;-PA). bUR-SGOM BESTOWED ON H-iM
         ThE COMPLETE PRECEPTS. hE MED-iTATED FOR E-iGHT MONThS -iN
         ThE PRESENCE OF bUR/ AND H-iS PHYS-iCAL BODY WAS F-iLLED W-iTh
         WELL-BC-iNG/ AND WHEN A ThORN HAD WOUNDED H-iS FOOT/ HE EVEN
         FELT A PLEASANT SENSAT-iON. tHEN HE PROCEEDED TO sA-SKYA.
         fRON~ ThE GREAT sA-SKYA-PA HE OBTA-iNED NUMEROUS H-iDDEN PRE-
         CEPTS O~ ThE ~pATh ~ND fRU-iT" (lAM-'BRAS) dOCTR-iNE AND OThER
         SYSTEMS. aS ThE LATTER WAS FOND OF DEBAT-iNG ON REL-iG-iOUS SUB-
         JECTS/ HE PUT MANY QUEST-iONS TO H-iM/ AND HE WAS ABLE TO GLVE
         CORRECT ANSWERS. tHE BLA-MA WAS PLEASED AND EXCLA-iMEDH
         ~0 W-iSE kHAMS-PA!" aFTER ThAT HE HEARD MANY PRECEPTS OF
         ThE tANTR-iC CLASS/ SUCH AS ThE '~tH-iM-PA RNAM-GSUM" (A tAN-
         TR-iC R-iTE WH-iCL -iS SA-iD TO CORRESPOND TO ThE PROCESS OF DEAThH ThE
         MERGLNG (Th-iM-PA) OF ThE V-iS-iON (SNAR;-BA) -iNTO ThE STAGE OF
         rED V-iS-iON ('CHAD-PA)/ O~ ThE 'CHAD-PA -iNTO ThE NEXT STAGE CHA-
         RACTER-iZED BY A V-iS-iON OF DARKNESS JNER-ThOB(/ OF ThE RLER-ThOB
         -iNTO ThE STAGE OF 'OD-GSAL OR PRABHASVARA/ CHARACTER-iZED BY AN
         ABSENCE OF ALL V-iS-iONS) AND OThERS FROM ThE BLZ-MA 'bY-iM LO-TSA-
                                                                          p.557
         BA kUMARABUDDH-i. fROM bYAN-SEMS zLA-BA RGYAL-MTShAN HE
         OBTA-iNED ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON -iNTO ThE cYCLE OF aVALOK-iTESVARA AND ThE
         PRACT-iCE OF A mENTAL cREAT-iVE eF~ORT (C-iTTOTPADA) -iN RESPECT OF
         H-iS SOLEMN W-iSh (SMON) AND PRACT-iCE ('~UG). tHE BLA-MA SA-iD
         TO H-iMH ~yOU ShOULD REMA-iN -iN SECLUS-iON DUR-iNG ThE PER-iOD
         OF A WAN-iNG MOON/ AND ShOULD PREACH ThE dOCTR-iNE WHEN ThE
         MOON -iS ON ThE -iNCREASE/ AND BESTOW -iN-iT-iAT-iONS AND BLESS-iNGS/
   (67B) ThUS ThERE W-iLL BE GREAT BENEF-iT TO OThERS." hE HE;LRD ThE 
         ThRCE PARTS OF ThE kHA-RAG (SYSTEM O~ kHA-RAG SKOR-GS~LM)
         FROM mYAN-SGOM RGOD-PO/ A D-iSC-iPLE OF lHO-PA WHO WAS -iN
         H-iS TURN A D-iSC-iPLE OF kHA-RAG SgOM-CHUN. hE HEARD ThE
         e-iGHT dOCTR-iNES OF mALL-MKHAR-BA FROM ThE tEACHER H-iMSELF.
         hE PROCEEDED TOWARDS StOD-LUNS ACCOMPAN-iED BY StON-'~AM
         W-iTh ThE V-iEW To ASK sANS-RGYAS GNAL CHUN-BA FOR -iNSTRUCT-iON.
         hE iNADE H-iS REQUEST ThROUGH A NUN/ BUT ThE TEACHER D-iD NOT
         GRANT H-iM AN -iNTERV-iEW. hE REPEATED H-iS REQUEST/ SAY-iLiGH
         ~wELL ThEN/ i ShALL PREPARE A GTOR-MA!" tLLEN LLE NLET H-iM
         AND ASKED TO BE G-iVEN -iNSTRUCT-iON -iN ThE dOCTR-iNE. tHE BLA-
         MA SA-iDH ~t~N-iGHT i ShALL EXAM-iNE ThE DREAM S-iGNS." hE
         WENT UP-STA-iRS TO REST/ AND HE (pHAG-MO GRU-PA) SAW H-iM
         DR-iNK-iNG W-iNE HEAV-iLY AND H-iD-iNG H-iS ~ACE -iN A MANTLE NLADE
         OF A DOG FUR/ AND SNOR-iNG LOUDLY. hE (pHAG-MO GRU-PA)
         ThOUGHTH ~cAN HE GET A DREAM?" AND H-iS FA-iTh D-iM-iN-iShED.
         nEXT MORN-iNG Th-iS ThOUGHT OF H-iS WAS PERCE-iVED BY ThE
         tEACHER WHO SA-iD TO H-iMH "o kLiANLS-PA SCHOLAR! yOU ARE
         FOLLOWED BY FOUR DAK-iMS ADORNED W-iTh GOLD ORNAMENTS. yOU
         W-iLL BECOME O~ GREAT BENEF-iT TO L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS AT ThE FOOT OF ThE
         BLACK MOUNTA-iNS OF ~A~N-SOD. i ShALL TEACH YOU ThE dOC-
         TR-iNE!;" tHEN HE BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE H-iDDEN PRECEPTS O~
         ThE UPAYA-MARGA/ -iTS PRACT-iCE AND YANTRAS (-i. E. ASANAS).
         tHEN TO OThERS HE (pHAG-MO GRU-PA~ GAVE A ShORT EXPOS-iT-iON
         AND OBTA-iNED SOME PRESENTS. aGA-iN HE V-iS-iTED sA-SKYA-PA
         CHEN-PO. hE ALSO FOLLOWED ON 13 TEACHETS--YOG-iMS/ SUCH AS
         mA-GC-iG ~A-MA AND OThERS. iN GENERAL/ ThERE WERE NO FAMOUS
         SCHOLARS -iN PRECEPTS/ WHOM HE D-iD NOT MEET. s-iNCE ThE RU-
         MOUR ThAT A W-iSE kHAMS-PA WAS STAY-iNG W-iTh sA-SKYA-PA BE-
                                                                          p.558
         CAME W-iDELY SPREAD/ Th~ KALYANA-M-iTRA zHAN ALSO HONOURED H-iM.
         oN RECE-iV-iNG H-iS -iNV-iTAT-iON/ HE ACCOMPAN-iED H-iM. ~AL; KEPT
         H-iM (AT H-iS PLACE)/ HOP-iNG ThAT HE WOULD BECOLNE ThE HOUSE-
         HOLD PR-iEST O~ K-iNG (BTSAD-PO) bYA-SA AND OThERS. bUT pHAG-
         MO GRU-PA ABSTA-iNED FROM F~ATTER-iNG ThEM/ AND BlA-MA ~AN
         BECAME SL-iGHTLY D-iSPLEASED W-iTh H-iM. ~AN WAS WRONGLY
         ACCUSED BY SOME PERSONS/ AND SA-iD TO 'gRO-MGON (pHAG-MO
         GRU-PA?H "i HAVE NEVER COMM-iTTED Th-iS S-iN! bUT HOW CAN i
         QU-iET SUCH TALK?" 'gRO-MGON REPL-iEDH "wON'T YOU BE ABLE TO
         QU-iET -iT DOWN/ BY ASK-iNG A GREAT KALYANA-M-iTRA FOR 6ELP?"
   (68A) "wELL ThEN/ WHO -iS ThE GREAT KALYANA-M-iTRA?" (pHAG-MO GRU- 
         PA) REPL-iEDH "nOWADAYS dAGS-PO SL~-i-SGOM -iS ThE ONLY ONE
         POSSESS-iNG GREAT ~AME." H~HAN SA-iD~ YOU/ A KALYANA-M-iTRA
         FROM kHAMS/ W-iLL ACCOMPANY ME/ WE ShALL PROCEED TO H-iM!"
         tHE TWO JOURNEYED TO SgAM-PO AND WHEN ThEY REACHED ThERE/
         ThEY FOUND ThAT ThE mASTER SgAM-PO-PA WAS SL-iGHTLY -iND-iS-
         POSED. fOR SEVERAL DAYS ThEY ~yERE UNABLE TO SEE H-iTN. aFTER
         ThEY HAD MET H-iM/ SgAM-PO-PA RELATED TO ThEM MANY STOR-iES
         ON REL-iG-iOUS SUBJECTS/ AND BESTOWED ON ThEM CONT-iNUOUSLY
         (NU-RE) REL-iG-iOUS PRECEPTS. oNE DAY SgAM-PO-PA SA-iD TO ThEM
         ThAT -iT BECAME NECESSARY TO G-iVE SEPARATE -iNSTRUCT-iONS TO ThE
         KALYANA-M-iTRA FROM kHAMS. wHEN ~HE OThERS HAD GONE
         OUTS-iDE AFTER HAV-iNG F-iN-iShED ThE-iR CLASSES ON ThE dOCTR-iNE/
         SgAM-PO-PA CALLED 'gRO-MGON SAY-iNGH ~cOME To ME !" AND
         HE WENT (TO H-iS CELL). SgAM-P~PA -iNQU-iRED FROM H-iMH
         ~wHAT SORT OF dOCTR-iNE D-iD YOU HEAR PREV-iOUSLY ? aND WHAT
         SORT OF SP-iR-iTUAL PRACT-iCE D-iD YOU FOLLOW?" 'gRO-MGON RELATED
         TO H-iM ThE MANNER OF H-iS (PREV-iOUS) STUD-iES OF VAR-iOUS PRE-
         CEPTS/ AND ThE RESULTS OF H-iS MED-iTAT-iONS. tHE BlA-MA sA-
         CHEN RECOGN-iZED ThESE RESULTS TO BE ThE N-iRV-iKALPAKA-JNANA OF ThE
         dARSANA-MARGA (MThON-LAM RNAM-PAR M-i-RTOG-PA-I YE-SES/ ThE
         Th-iRD STAGE OF ThE pATh/ CORRESPONDS TO ThE F-iRST BHUM-i). SgAM-PO
         SA-iDH '~a/ D-iD HE RESPECT YOU SO MUCH!" pHAG-MO GRU-PA SA-iDH
         ~yES/ HE D-iD HONOUR ME! " tHEN SgAM-PO-PA HELD -iN H-iS
         HAND.A BALL OF PARCHED BARLEY L~OUR/ HALF OF WH-iCH HE HAD
         EATEN H-iMSELF/ AND SA-iD; "i SWEAR ThAT Th-iS (BALL) -iS MUCH
                                                                          p.559
         BE~TER/ ThAN ThE RESULTS OF YOURS (MED-iTAT-iON)!" pHAG-M~GRU-
         PA'S M-iND BECAME VERY DESPONDENT/ AND SgAM-PO-PA SA-iD TO
         H-iMH "nOW GO TO ThE MOUNTA-iN SLOPE OVER ThERE FOT A WALK.
         aFTER F-iN-iSh-iNG MY PREACH-iNG TO OTBERS/ WE ShALL TALK AGA-iN."
         pHAG-MO-GRU-PA WENT TOWARDS ThE H-iLL S-iTUATED TO ThE CAST/
         AND REFLECTED. aFTER A WH-iLE/ ALL ThC DOCTR-iNES WH-iCH HE HAD
         HEARD PTEV-iOUSLY APPEATED TO H-iM TO BE S-iM-iLAR TO AN OUTER CO-
         AT-iNG OR CHAFF/ AND HE GA-iNED A DEEP -iNS-iGHT/ S-iM-iLAT TO A CLEAR
         SKY. hE FELT H-iS W-iSDOM S-iM-iLAR TO A LANCE DR-iLL -iN ThE OPEN
         A-iR (MEAN-iNG ThAT H-iS TLLOUGHT COULD MOVE ABOUT UNaH-iNDERED
         L-iKE ThE SW-iNG-iNG OF A LANCE). hE AGA-iN REJO-iNED SgAM-PO-
         PA/ AND ThE LATTER PERCE-iVED (~HE CHANGE ThAT HAD COME OVER
         H-iM) W-iTh ThE HELP OF H-iS PTESC-iENCE/ AND SA-iD TO H-iMH
         ~nOW/ i ALSO COULD NOT TEACH YOU BETTER ThAN Th-iS. wELL
         ThEN/ i POSSESS SOME PRECEPTS ON R-iTES BELONG-iNG To MY
         METhOD AND ShALL G-iVE ThEM TO YOU FOR YOUR SAKC." hE
         ThEN BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE lHAN-C-iG SKYES-SBYOR. hE PuT
         SOME QUEST-iONS TO ThE tEACHER REGARD-iNG nATURC. tHE
         tEACHER SA-iD TO H-iM ~0/ YOU KALYANA-M-iTRA/ YOU CAN WELL
         UNDERSTAND ThE dOCTR-iNE/ ThEREFORE i MUST EXPLA-iN TO YOU ~HE
   (68B) dOCTR-iNE." pHAG-MO GRU-PA USED TO SAYH ~i WAS NAMED 
         (BY H-iM) A bODH-iSATTVA OF ThE LOTh STAGE." sOON AFTER ThAT/
         ThE mASTER SgAM-PO-PA PASSED AWAY. pHAG-MOGRU-PA HELPED
         -iN ThE ERECT-iON OF A CA-iTYA AT SgAM-PO/ AND SPELLT SOME T-iME
         W-iTh ThE ACARYA SgOM-PA -iN ORDER TO CONSOLE H-iLd (SDUG-GROGS-
         MDZAD-PA/ TO ACT AS A FR-iEND -iN GR-iEF. cF. SKY-iD-GROGS).
         tHEN HE PROCEEDED TO ThE UPLAND. hE ThOUGHTH ~fORMERLY
         ThE GREAT sA-SKYA-PA HAD APPROVED OF ME/ AND HAD CALLED ME
         ~w-iSE kHAMS-PA"/ AND NOW i HAVE OBTA-iNED SO MUCH
         W-iSDOM. i MUST V-iS-iT H-iM AND RELATE ThE MATTER (TO H-iM).R'
         hE AGA-iN PROCEEDED TO sA-SKYA/ BUT ON Th-iS OCCAS-iON sA-SKYA-
         PA D-iD NOT ASK H-iM A S-iNGLE QUEST-iON/ AND SEEMED TO BE
         D-iSPLEASED. pHAG-MO-GRU-PA RETURNED HOME AND TOOK UP
         RES-iDENCE AT MtShAL-SGAN. hERE i HE GAThERED NLLMEROUS
         D-iSC-iPLES. fOR F-iVE YEARS/ HE TAUGHT yAR-iOUS DOCTR-iNES/ AND
         ESPEC-iALLY ThE H-iDDEN PRECEPTS OF dAGS-PO/ TO ThOSE D-iSC-iPLES
                                                                          p.560
         WHO HAD GAThERED ThERE/ AND SAT-iSF-iED ThEM. tHE MONKS
         WHO WERE STAY-iNG ThERE/ OBSERVED ThE RULES/ AND D-iD NOT
         TRANSGRESS ThE RULES OF ThE w-iNAYA. tHOSE ON WHOM HE HAD
         BESTOWED H-iDDEN PRECEPTS/ OBTA-iNED RESULT UNaH-iNDERED/ AND
         D-iFFERENT K-iNDS OF MYST-iC TRANCES WERE BORN -iN ThEM. h-iS
         FAME SPREAD GREATLY NOT ONLY -iN ThAT REG-iON BUT ALSO -iN ALL
         QUARTETS. tH-iS mASTER SgAM-PO-PA HAS BEEN A FOLLOWER OF
         ThE BkA'-GDAMS-PAS AND OF ThE wENERABLE m-iD-LA/ AND H-iS
         OWN SYSTEM WAS KNOWN AS ThE "CONFLUENCE OF ThOSE TWO
         STREAMS/ ThAT OF ThE BkA'-GDAMS-PAS AND ThAT OF ThE mAHAMU-
         DRA" (BkA'-PHYAG CHU-BO-GN-iS-'DRES). tHE gAR-GY-i nYAMS-
         DGU/ COMPOSED BY H-iM AT MtShAL-SGAng/ -iS ALSO -iN AGREEMENT
         W-iTh ThESE TWO SYSTEMS. pHAG-MO-GRU-PA WAS OF ThE OP-iN-iON
         ThAT -iT WAS UNSU-iTABLE TO REMA-iN -iN ThE V-iC-iN-iTY OF A V-iLLAGE/
         AND ThAT -iT WAS BETTER FOR H-iM TO STAY -iN A SOL-iT-iARY PLACE. hE
         ThEREFORE ASKED SgAM-PO-PAH "mAY i STAY -iN A SOL-iTARY FORCST/
         AND BECOME -iNDEPENDENT/ W-iRHOUT MA-iNTA-iN-iNG A PERMANENT
         RES-iDENCE?" tHEN ONE MORN-iNG/ W-iThOUT CONSULT-iNG ThE
         MONAST-iC CONGREGAT-iON/ HE PROCEEDED TOWARDS 'bR-i-KHUR; (GdAN-
         SA R-iN-PO CHE). oN ThE WAY/ HE STOPPED AT ThE GATE OF ThE
         K-iNG OF tshha-rong/ AND SENT H-iM A CEREMON-iAL SCATF W-iTh Th-iS
         MESSAGEH "i AM ThE ONE WHO WAS STAY-iNG AT mtshhal-sgang.
         nOW i -iNTEND GO-iNG TO A FOREST OVER ThERE/ -iN ThE UPPER
         VALLEY OF pHAG-MO GRU. pLEASE HELP ME!" sA-iD ThE K-iNGH
         "cOME -iN! pARTAKE OF TEA." hE (pHAG-MO-GRU-PA) REPL-iEDH
   (69A) "i HAVE TAKEN A VOW NOT TO CROSS ThE ThREShHOLD (OF A LAYMAN'S 
         HOUSE). bR-iNG MY TEA OUTS-iDE!" tHE K-iNG H-iMSELF CAME OUT -iN
         FRONT OF ThE GATE/ AND BROUGHT TEA/ AND CONVERSED W-iTh H-iM.
         mOUNTED ON A MULE/ pHAG-MO-GRU-PA V-iS-iTED A VALLEY S-iTUATED
         -iN ThE NE-iGHBOURHOOD OF pHAG-MO-GRU. bECAUSE OF ThE
         WE-iGHT OF H-iS BODY/ ThE LEGS OF ThE MULE BECAME R-iG-iD L-iKE
         P-iLLARS/ AND ThE AN-iMAL COULD NOT GO ANY FURThER. hE (pHAG-
         MO-GTU-PA) D-iSMOUNTED AND SETTLED AT ThE FOOT OF ThE CL-iFF OF
         r-iN-CHEN SPUNGS-PA/ AND BECAME KNOWN AS ThE pREC-iOUS MtHA'
         -RTSA-BA. h-iS MONKS ALSO FOLLOWED AFTER H-iM. hE SPENT A
         ShORT T-iME AT mANG-GAR-SGANG AND AT ThC CAVE OF BdE-GSEGS.
                                                                          p.561
         tHERE AN ~SCET-iC NLMED RgYA-SGOM Rm-i-RAS WAS RES-iD-iNG
         S-iNCE A iqNG T-iNLE. tHE ASCET-iC -iNV-iTED H-iM TO H-iS HUT TO
         PARTAKE OF TEA/ ;-iND pHAG-MO-GRU-PA SHL-iD ThR-iCEH ~yOUR HUT
         -iS PLEASANT!" tHE ~SCET-iC REPL-iED~ YOU L-iKE -iT/ i ShALL
         PRESENT -i~ (TO YOU)." pHAG-MO-GRU PA Th-iNK-iNG ThAT RH-iS
         PLACE W~-iS TLLE HEHLRT OF ThE REG-iON/ S~-iD TO ThE ASCET-iCH
         '~wELL/ BT-iNG HERE MY CATPET" (KOM-ST~N/ AJ-iNA/ ThE SK-iN OF
         ~ T-iGET OR BL~CK ~NTELOPE USED AS A CARPET BY ASCET-iCS)/ AND
         SETTLED ThERE. hE CH-iME TO ThAT PL~CE -iN ThE YEAR eARTh-
         mALE-t-iGER (S~-~HO-S~AG--1158 a.d.). tHEN DpAL StAG-
         LUL;-ThAL-i-P~ GED 24/ WHO WH~S BORN -iN ThE Y~AR wATER-
         mALE-dOG (CHU-PHO-KHY-i--1142 a.d.)/ CAME TO V-iS-iT H-iM
         -iN ThE YE3R wOOD-fEMALE-hEN (S-iL-i-MO-BYA--1165 a.d.).
         hE HAD NOTh-iNG BUT ThE GRASS-HUT PRESENTED TO H-iM BY Rm-i-
         RAS/ AND DpAL StAG-LUN-ThAL-i-PA WAS TOLD TO MAKE H-iMSELF A
         HUT OUT O~ W-iLLOWS. pHAG-MO-GRU-P~ S~-iD TO H-iMH ~LF YOU
         CAN F-iN-iSh -i~ -iN ONE DAY/ ThEN BU-iLD -iT ! yOU ShOULjN'T TAKE
         MORE T-iME ThAN Th-iS." hE BU-iLT ThE W-iLLOWL~ HUT W-iTh-iN ONE
         DAY. aFTER ThHLT/ N~ONKS GAThERED FROM ALL D-iRECT-iONS~
         tHOUGLL -iNS-iDE OF H-iS HUT/ pH~G-MO-GRU-PA HAD ONLY ONE BOX
         FOR GRA-iN (BA~-i-BA) WH-iCH COULD HOLD A L-iTTLE MORE ThAN A
         LOAD O~ B~RLEY/ HE WAS ABLE TO FEED ALL ThE MONKS (WHO HAD
         GAThERED). sOON AFTER St~G-LU-i-i-Th~N-PA'S COM-iNG/ HE BECAME
         pHAG-MO-GRU-PA'S ATTENDANT. StAG-LUN-ThAN-PA TOLD H-iM
         Th~T HE ShOULD WEAR A BETTER GARMENT/ ThAN ThE ONE (HE WAS
         WEAR-iNG)/ AND pHAG-M~GRU-PA REPL-iEDH ~yOU/ WHAT SORT OF
         (WEALTh) D-iD YOU F-iND -iN ME? i HAyE To MA-iNTA-iN ThE CON-
         GREGAT-iON!" pHAG-MO-GRU-PA LABOURED E~CLUS-iVELY FOR ThE MA-iN-
         TENANCE OF ThE MONAST-iC C~NGRCGAT-iON. aFTER ThA~/ FOLLOW-iNG
         ON ThE -iNSTR-LCT-iONS OF ThE bODH-iSATTV~ zLA-BA RGYAL.MTShAN/
         HE OBSERVED SECLUS-iON D~LR-iNG ThE PER-iOD OF ThE WAN-iNG MOON.
         wHEN ThE MOON WAS ON ThE -iNCREASE/ HE USED TO STAY -iN
   (69B) SECLUS-iON DUR-iNG ThE MORN-iNG HOURS/ AND ~O LECTUTE -iN ThE 
 14. GLAN _ BLAN-M.L. s. c. dAS (d-iCT-iONARY/ P. 257) CALLS -iT AN ALP-iNE w-iLLOW.
     tHC HUT OF pHAG-MO-GM-PA -iS PRESERVED AT DLE MONASTERY OF GdAN-SA MtH-iL.
     ~ND -i5 B~L-iLT -iNTO ThE CH-iEF tEMPLE OR lH~-kHAN CHEN-MO
                                                                          p.562
         AFTERNOON TO ThE CONGREGAT-iON. tHE MONKS HAD GREAT FA-iTh -iN
         H-iM/ AND USED To SPREAD ThE-iR HATS/ ROBES AND SCARVES ALONG ThE
         PATh LEAD-iNG FROM H-iS GRASS-HUT TO H-iS SEAT (CHOS-KHR-i). aLL ThOSE
         TO WHOM HE TAUGHT ThE METhOD OF CONCENTRATED TRANCE/ ATTA-iNED
         REMARKABLE RESULTS -iN ThE-iR MED-iTAT-iONS. h-iS FAME ENCOM-
         PASSED ALL QUARTERS/ AND PEOPLE BEL-iEVED ThAT TLLE MERE ~NEET-
         ~NG W-iTh H-iM WAS ENOUGH (TO BE ESTABL-iShED -iN MED-iTAT-iON).
         tHE PRESENTS AND OL~ER-iNGS RECE-iVED BY H-iM FROM H-iS SUPPOR-
         TERS/ HE USED TO SPEND TOWARDS ThE MA-iNTENANCE OF ThE
         MONAST-iC CONGREGAT-iON. iNS-iDE H-iS GRASS-HUT HE D-iD NOT
         KEEP ANY LUXUR-iES/ BUT ENTERTA-iNED SUPPORTERS WHO CAME
         -iNTO H-iS PRESENCE/ -iN A PROPER MALLNER/ OF~ER-iNG A CUP TO A
         K-iNG/ REMA-iNS OF FOOD (PHAM-PHABS) TO BEGGERS/ ETC. hE
         SPENT 13 YEARS-AT ThE MONASTERY/ FROM ThE YEAR eARTh-mALE-
         t-iGER (SA-PHO-STAG--1158 a.d.) T-iLL ThE iRON-mALE-t-iGER
         (LCAGS-PHO-STAG--1170 a.d.)/ AND TRA-iNED MANY D-iSC-iPLES/
         EXPETTS -iN SP-iR-iTUAL REAL-iZAT-iON. iT -iS KNOWN ThAT ThERE WERE
         800 MONKS AND F-iVE HUNDRED PARASOL-HOLDERS (-i-iL ThE MONAS-
         TERY). fORMERLY/ WHEN HE WAS PREACH-iNG ThE dOCTR-iNE/ HE
         USED TO SAY ThAT H-iS MONK HAD NOT COME YET/ LATER WHEN
         ThE dHARMASVAM-iN 'bR-i-KHUN-PA CAME TO H-iM AS AN ã¹-iPASAKA/
         HE SA-iDH "nOW/ MY MONK HAS COME!" bEFORE ThE COM-iNG
         OF ThE dHARMASVAM-iN/ HE SWORE -iN ThE PRESENCE OF ALL ThOSE
         WHO ATTA-iNED AN UNDERSTAND-iNG OF ThE mAHAMUDRA DOCTR-iNE/
         ThAT "HE W-iLL NOT CARRY H-iS SKULL ON H-iS ShOULDETS" (-iF HE FA-iLS
         -iN ThE OBSCRVANCE OF PRECCPTS; MGO-LA ThOD-PA M-i-'GEBS/ AN
         OATh/ MEAN-iNG HE W-iLL NOT REMA-iN AL-iVE). bUT AFTER ThE
         dHARMASVAM-iN'S COM-iNG/ HE -iS KNOWN TO HAVE PREACHED
         NUMEROUS DOCTR-iNES D-iFFERENT FROM ThOSE HE HAD PREACHED
         BEFORC/ SUCH AS ThE RtOGS-LDAN SKYE-BA-I'KHOR-LO BSKOR-BA
         AND OThCRS. s-iNCE ThE T-iME OF H-iS MA-iNTA-iN-iNG ThE CONGRE-
         GAT-iON/ HE USED TO MAN-iFEST H-iS BODY -iN TWELVE D-iL~ERENT
         FORMS S-iMULTANEOUSLY -iN D-i~ERENT PLACES. hE PROCEEDED
         TOWARDS oDD;YANA AND HEARD ThE GREAT tANTRA FROM
         DAK-iNLS/ WROTE DOWN NOTES/ MADE A SURVEY OF ThE
         CHAPTCRS/ AND A SUMMARY OF CONTENTS/ hE USED TO
                                                                          p.563
         STATE EVERYWHERE ThAT HE HAD A DOUBLE WHO WORKED FOR
         ThE WELFARE OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS. dETA-iLS OF H-iS L-i~E CAN BE
         FOUND -iN H-iS L-iFE-STORY COMPOSED BY FORMER TEACLLERS. hERE
         i HAVE G-iVEN A BR-iEF ACCOUNT ONLY. tH-iS SECOND bUDDHA
         PASSED AWAY (L-iT. ~'GAThERED H-iS MAN-i~ESTED FORM/') ON
         ThE 2STh DAY OF ThE 7Th MONTh OF TLLE YEAR iTON-mALE-
         t-iGET (LCwAGS-PHO-STAG--1170 a.d.). aT ThAT T-iME -iNANY
         WONDER~UL S-iGNS WERE OBSERVED. wHEN H-iS REMA-iNS WERE
   (70A) PLACED ON ThE PREACHER'S ThRONE/ A V-iOLENT EARThQUAKE TOOK PLA- 
         CE AND HALF OF ThE WATER -iN ThE VOT-iVE CUPS SP-iLT OUT/ ShOWERS
         OF T~OWCRS FELL/ -iNUS-iC RESOUNDED AND NUMEROUS EXTRAORD-iNARY
         M-iRACLES TOOK PLACE. nUMEROUS MONKS SAW A HOST OF bUDD-
         HAS AND bODH-iSATTVAS/ AND HAD V-iS-iONS O~ ~HEROES" (DPA'-BO)
         AND DAK-iN-iS. nUMEROUS REL-iCS WERE RECOVERED (FROM ThE
         AShES)/ h-iS HEART AND TONGUE WERE LEFT UNBURNT. tHE TON-
         GUE WAS CUT -iN TWO/ AND EACH HALF WAS ENShR-iNED -iN ThE TOMB.
         aT PRESENT ThEY ARE SA-iD RO BE PRESERVED -iN kHAMS. tHE
         HEART WAS ENShR-iNED -iN ThE CA-iTYA BkTA-S-iS 'OD-'BAR. nOWA-
         DAYS -iT -iS CONS-iDERED TO BE ThE CH-iEF SACTED OBJECT OF ThE V-iHATA
         (GdAN-SA MtH-iL--tHEL). aMONG H-iS GREAT ~'SONS" WEREH
         mOS-GUS MThAR-ThUG (~gREATEST -iN dEVOT-iON") StAG-LUN-ThAR;-
         PA/ RtOG-PA-I MThAR-TLLUG (~gRCATEST -iN iNS-iGHT") SnA-PHU-BA/
         .~ES-RAB MThAR-ThLLG (~gREATEST -iN ~w-iSDOM") Sp~-iT PHU-BA AND
         nUS-~A-I MThAR-ThUG (~gREATEST -iN pOWER") ~H3N-BU RgYA-RAS.
         tHEY ARE CALLED ThE '~fOUR sONS OF gREATNESS" (MtHAR-ThUG-
         G-i BU-BZ-i). fURThER/ SkAL-LDAN YE-SES SEN-GE/ RtOGS-LDAN m-i-
         i~AG SGOM-R-i-i-iS/ gRUB-ThOB ~AG-RE sE-BO/ kUN-LDAN GtSAN-PA
         rAS-CwHUL-i--ThESE WERE ThE ~fOUR sONS O~ pRECEPTS" (GdAMS-
         PA-I BU-BZ-i)/ ~HOS-RjE '~-iG-RTEN MGON-PO/ 'bAN-DLLA PH~-iG-PA/
         ~.HOS-R~E Ld-iLM/ ~HOS-R~E Gd~LM--ThESE WERE CALLED ThE ~3~
         WHO UNDERSTOOD ThE eKARASA/" G~EN-SGORN DKAR-BA/ mYAR;-
         ~/SEN GRON-PA/ R~OG sE-i-i-~E KHA-PA/ RtS-i-LUR~-PA--ThESE UERE
         C;LLLED ThE ~fO~RR sP-iR-iTUAL sONS" (tL UGS-KY-i SRAS BZ-i). r-iN-
         PO-CLLE sUG-RTSAR-BA/ lHA-SA-BA DgE-'DUN-SKYHLBS/ gRU-GU StON-
         P;L L~L O-GROS SEL;-GE H~ND RgYAN-Th;~ PA--TLLESE UERE CALLED
         fOUR sONS POSSESS-iNG WR-iTTEN PRECEPTS/' (Y-i-GE-MA-I BU-
                                                                          p.562
         AFTERNOON TO ThE CONGREGAT-iON. tHE MONKS HAD GREAT FA-iTh -iN
         H-iM/ AND USED TO SPREAD ThE-iR HATS/ ROBES AND SCARVES ALONG ThE
         PATh LEAD-iNG FROM H-iS GRASS-HUT TO H-iS SEAT (CHOS-KHR-i). aLL ThOSE
         TO WHOM HE TAUGHT ThE METhOD OF CONCENTRACED TRANCE/ ATTA-iNED
         REMARKABLE RESULTS -iN ThE-iR MED-iTAT-iONS. h-iS FAME ENCOM-
         PASSED ALL QUARTERS/ AND PEOPLE BEL-iEVED ThAT TLLE MERE MEET-
         ~NG W-iTh H-iM WAS ENOUGK (TO BE ESTABL-iShED -iN MED-iTAT-iON~.
         tHE PRESENTS AND OL~ER-iNGS RECE-iVED BY H-iM FROM H-iS SUPPOR-
         TERS/ HE USED TO SPEND TOWARDS ThE MA-iNTENANCE OF ThE
         MONAST-iC CONGREGAT-iON. iNS-iDE H-iS GRASS-HUT HE D-iD NOT
         KEEP ANY LUXUR-iES/ BUT ENTERTA-iNED SUPPORTERS WHO CAME
         -iNTO H-iS PRESENCE/ -iN A PTOPER MANNER/ OF~ER-iNG A CUP TO A
         K-iNG/ REMA-iNS OF FOOD (PHAM-PHABS) To BEGGERS/ ETC. hE
         SPENT 13 YEARS-AT ThE MONASTERY/ FROM ThE YEAR eARTh-mALE-
         t-iGER (SA-PHO-STAG--1158 a.d.) T-iLL ThE iRON-mALE-t-iGER
         (iCAGS-PHO-STAG--1170 a.d.)/ AND TRA-iNED MANY D-iSC-iPLES/
         EXPETTS -iN SP-iR-iTUAL REAL-iZAT-iON. iT -iS KNOWN ThAT ThERE WERE
         800 MONKS AND F-iVE HUNDRED PARASOL-HOLDERS (-i-iL T~E MONAS-
         TERY). fORMERLY/ WHEN HE WAS PREACH-iNG ThE dOCTR-iNE/ HE
         USED TO SAY ThAT LL-iS MONK L~AD NOT COME YET/ LATER WHEN
         ThE dHARMASVAM-iN 'bR-i-KHUN-PA CAME TO H-iM AS AN UPASAKA/
         HE SA-iDH ~'nOW/ MY MONK HAS COME!" bEFORE ThE COM-iNG
         OF ThE dHARMASVAM-iN/ HE SWORE -iN ThE PRESE-i-CE OF ALL ThOSE
         WHO ATTA-iNED AN UNDERSTAND-iNG OF ThE mAHAMUDRA DOCTR-iNE/
         ThAT "HE W-iLL NOT CARRY H-iS SKULL ON H-iS ShOULDETS" (-iF HE FA-iLS
         -iN ThE OBSCRVANCE OF PRECCPTS; MGO-LA ThOD-PA M-i-'GEBS/ AN
         OATh/ MEAN-iNG HE W-iLL NOT REMA-iN AL-iVE). bUT AFTER ThE
         dHARMASVAM-iN'S COM-iNG/ HE -iS KNOWLL TO HAVE PREACHED
         NUMEROUS DOCTR-iNES D-iFFERENT FROM ThOSE HE HAD PREACHED
         BEFORE/ SUCH AS ThE RtOGS-LDAN SKYE-BA-I'KHOR-LO BSKOR-BA
         AND OThCRS. s-iNCE ThE T-iME OF H-iS MA-iNTA-iN-iNG ThE CONGRE-
         GAT-iON/ HE USED TO MAN-iFEST H-iS BODY -iN TWELVE D-iFFERENT
         FORMS S-iMULTANEOUSLY -iN D-iFFERENT PLACES. hE PROCEEDED
         TOWARDS oDD;YANA AND HEARD ThE GREAT tANTRA FROM
         DAK-iNLS/ WROTE DOWN NOTES/ MADE A SURVEY OF ThE
         CHAPTCRS/ AND A SUMMARY OF CONTENTS/ hE USED TO
                                                                          p.563
         STATE EVERYWHERE ThAT HE HAD A DOUBLE WHO WORKED FOR
         ThE WELFARE OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS. dETA-iLS OF H-iS L-i~E CAN BE
         FOUND -iN H-iS L-iFE-STORY COMPOSED BY FORMER TEACLLERS. hERE
         i HAVE G-iVEN A BR-iEF ACCOUNT ONLY. tH-iS SECOND bUDDHA
         PASSED AWAY (L-iT. ~'GAThERED H-iS MAN-i~ESTED FORM") ON
         ThE 25Th DAY OF ThE 7Th MONTh OF ThE YEAR iRON-mALE-
         t-iGET (iCwAGS-PHO-STAG--1170 a.d.). aT ThAT T-iME -iNANY
         WONDER~UL S-iGNS WERE OBSERVED. wHEN H-iS REMA-iNS WERE
   (70A) PLACED ON ThE PREACHER'S ThRONE/ A V-iOLENT EARThQUAKE TOOK PLA- 
         CE AND HALF OF ThE WATER -iN ThE VOT-iVE CUPS SP-iLT OUT/ ShOWERS
         OF T~OWCRS FELL/ -iNUS-iC RESOUNDED AND NUMEROUS EXTRAORD-iNARY
         M-iRACLES TOOK PLACE. nUMEROUS MONKS SAW A HOST OF bUDD-
         HAS AND bODH-iSATTVAS/ AND HAD V-iS-iONS O~ ~HEROES" (DPA'-BO)
         AND DAK-iN-iS. nUMEROUS REL-iCS WERE RECOVERED (FROM ThE
         AShES)/ h-iS HEART HiND TONGUE WETE LEFT UNBURNT. tHE TON-
         GUE WH~S CUT -iN TWO/ AND EACLL HALF WAS ENShR-iNED -iN ThE ROMB.
         aT PRESENT ThEY ARE SA-iD TO BE PRESERVED -iN kHAMS. tHE
         HEART WAS ENShR-iNED -iN ThE CA-iTYA BkTA-S-iS 'OD-'BAR. nOWA-
         DAYS -iT -iS CONS-iDERED TO BE ThE CH-iEF SACRED OBJECT OF ThE V-iHARA
         (GdAN-SA MtH-iL--tHEL). aMONG H-iS GREAT ~'SONS" WEREH
         mOS-GUS MThAR-ThUG (~gREATEST -iN dEVOT-iON") StAG-LUN-ThAN-
         PA/ RtOG-PL-I MThAR-TLLUG (~gRCATEST -iN iNS-iGHT") SnA-PHU-BA/
         .~ES-RAB MThAR-ThLLG (~gREATEST -iN ~w-iSDOM") SpAR PHU-BA AND
         nUS-~A-I MThAR-ThUG (~gREATEST -iN pOWER") ~HHAN-BU RgYA-RAS.
         tHEY ARE C~LLED ThE '~fOUR sONS OF gREATNESS" (MtHAR-ThU~--
         G-i BU-BZ-i). fURThER/ SkAL-LDAN YC-SES SEN-GE/ RtOGS-LDAN m-i-
         i~AG SGOM-R-iR-iS/ gRUB-ThOB ~AG-TE sE-BO/ kUN-LDAN GtSAN-PA
         rAS-CwLLUL-i--ThESE WERE ThE ~fOUR sONS O~ pRECEPTS" (GdAMS-
         PA-I BU-BZ-i)/ cHOS-RjE '~-iG-RTEN MGON-PO/ 'bAN-DLLA PHUG-PA/
         cHOS-RJE LdAM/ cHOS-RJE GdAM--ThESE WERE CALLED ThE ~13~
         WHO UNDERSTOOD ThE eKARASA/" G~EN-SGORN DKAR-BA/ mYAR;-
         ~/SEN GROR;-PA/ R~OG sE-i-i-~E KHA-PA/ RtS-i-LUR--PA--ThESE ~ERE
         C;LLLED ThE ~fOUR sP-iR-iTUAL sONS" (tHUGS-KY-i SRA~ BZ-i). r-iN-
         PO-CLLE sUG-RTSAR-BA/ lHA-S;L-B;L DgE-'DUN-SKYABS/ gRU-GU StON-
         P;L BL O-GROS SEL;-GE AND RgYAN-ThAL-i-PA--TLLESE ~ERE CALLED
         fO~LR sON~ T~OSSESS-iN~ WR-iTTCN PRECEPTS/' (Y-i-GE-MA-I BU-
                                                                          p.564
         BZ-i). L'HE BlA-M~ DmAR-P~/ yE-PH~-iG-PA/ DgYET-SGOM/ DgE-
         BA-I BSES-GNEN sEN-GE-DPAL--ThESE WERE CALLED ThE ~sECONDATY
         fOUR sONS" (L~E-BD-I SRAS-BZ-i). tHE ABOVE ENULLLERATED (D-iS-
         C-iPLES) WERE COLLECT-iVELY KNOWN AS ThE ~ oiD gENEALOGY"
         (SR;ON-RABS). fURThER/ ThE UNCLE OF ~cUN-LDAR-i rAS-PA--ThE
         pREC-iOUS RgYAL-TSL~A AND OThERS. aGA-iN/ ThE MONK nAM-
         MKHA'-'OD WHO HAD MAN-iFESTED MANY S-iGNS OF SUPERNAMRAL
         POWERS/ AND OThER S-iDDHL-PURUSHLS/ EACH OF WHOM WAS FAMOUS
         -iN H-iS OWN REG-iON/ AND HAD LABOURED EXTENS-i~ELY--i HAVE
   (70B) G-iVEN TLLE-iR STORY AS ABR-iDGED BY FORMER TEACHERS. 'bR-i-KHUR;
         SgOM-PA sAK-R-iN LLAD SA-iDH ~tH-iS MONASTERY (GdAN-SA MtH-iL)
         OF ~RL pHAG-GRU -iS L-iKE ThE HEAD OF A HUNDRED SPR-iNGS." tRUE
         TO ThESE WORDS/ -iN TLL-iS COUNTRY O~ t-iBET/ NUMEROUS V-iHARAS
         AND HERM-iTAGES HAD OR-iG-iNATED FROM Th-iS MONASTERY. eVEN
         TLLOSE MONASTER-iES -iN ThE ThREE REG-iONS OF t-iBET WH-iCH HAD
         OR-iG-iNATED FROM 'bR-i-KH~ PA CANNOT BE COUNTED. tHE 'bRUG-
         PA (BkA'-BRGYUD) WL--iCH HAD OR-iG-iNATED FROM Gl-iN-RAS-PA ~iSO
         ARE KNOWN TO LLAVE S~READ OVET A D-iSTANCE OF f3 FL-iGHTS O~ A
         VULTURE (-i. E. A D-iSTANCE WH-iCH CAN BE COVERED BY A VULTURE -iN
         1 3 DAYS). tHOSE WH-iCH HAD OR-iG-iNATED FROM DpAL StAG-LUL;-
         ThAR-i-PA ARE SA-iD TO LLAVE GREATLY SPTEAD ThROUGLLOUT ThE LANDS
         OF DBuS AND kHAMS. SkAL-LDAN yE-SES SCT;-GE TAUGHT TO
         BSnUBS w-iNAYADHAR-iL. GyAM-BZAR;S-PA AND MtHA'-RGYAS (~OUN-
         DED BY H-iM) -iNCTEASED -iN S-iZE. iN kHA-iNS/ ThE dHARMASVA-
         ~N-iN DmAR-PA LLAV-iNG FO-LNDED ThE ~O~DGON MONASTERY/ GATLLER-
         ED ThERE ABOUT 2000 MONKS. tHE dLLHLRMASVAM-iN DmAR-PA
         WAS SUCCEEDED BY MANY EXCELLENT ONES/ -iNCLUD-iNG ~A-YAN DGON-
         PA/ RmOG-SPYAN-SNA R-iN-PO-CHE/ sA-DBU-RTSE-BA/ RnAL r-iN-CHEN
         GL-iN-PA AND OThERS. tHE "gREAT sON ' Sg-i-L-i ~HOS-'OD (A
         MgO-LOG)/ WHO ~ELONGED TO Th-iS l-iNEAGE/ FOULLDED ThE MONAS-
         TERY r-i-TGYA-DGON. tH-iS MONASTERY L~AD -iNANY BRANCHES/
         -iNCLUD-iNG ThAT O~ TgYAL-DGON AND OThERS. iN PART-iCULAR/ RnAL
         r-iN-CHEN GL-i-i-i-PA MET ThE tEACHER SpAR;-'OD-ZER BLA-MA AND
         HE BECAME KNOWN AS A ~ S DDHA O~ ThE GRE~T mERC-iF-L-i oNE."
         tHE P-iLL (R-iL-BU) PRE~ARED FROM H-iS BUM-CHU (hOLY WATER)
         L~ECAME POPUL~T ThROUGHOUT t-iBET AND cH-iNA. h-iS ~ gREAT
                                                                          p.565
         sONS" (BU-CHEN) WHO LABOUTED EXTENS-iVELY FOR ThE UELFARE
         OF OThERS WERE RtOGS-LDAN DgE-BA RGVAL-MTShAN/ DkON-MCHOG
         RGYAL-MTShAN/ ~-iN-MGO-PA AND OThERS. i~AG-RE sE BO HAV-iNG
         MET 'gRO-MGON (pHAG-MO-GRU-PA)/ OBTA-iNED SP-iR-iTUAL REAL-i-
         ZAT-iON/ JOURNEYED TO kHAMS/ AND ThERE FOUNDED ThE MONAS-
         TERY OF GlES-DGON/ AND MAN-iFESTED MANY S-iGNS OF SUPER-
         LLATURAL POWER. hE WAS SA-iD TO HAVE BEEN kAR-MA PA-S-i/
         AND T6-iS WAS ADM-iTTED BY kAR-MA PA-S-i H-iMSELF. G~EN-DGON
         DKAR-BA/ OF ThE G~EN CLANaH H-iS NAME ã¹VAS RdO-R~E DBAL-i-
         PHYUG. hE FOUNDED TLLE MONASTERY OF tSA-I-NAN WH-iCH
         BECAME KNOWLL AS ThE lOWER ~AM-SOD. hE LLAD MANY
         D-iSC-iPLES -iNCLUD-iNG ~AL;~MTShAL-PA AND OTLLERS. mYAN-GSEN
   (71A) GRON-PA BELONGED TO G~EN-GRON -iN 'i'AR-KLU-i;S. hE WAS
         ORDA-iNED -iN LL-iS YOUTh. hAV-iNG MET 'gRO-MGON (pH;-iG-MO
         GRU-PA) HE OBTA-iNCD FROM H-iM ThE COMPLETE H-iDDEN PRECEPTS/
         PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON -iN H-iS NAT-iVE COUNTRY AND ~ASSED AWAY
         PROCEED-iNG TO ThE HEAVENLY ABODE OF DAK-iN-iS. R~;LOG sEN-GE
         KHA-PAH hAV-iNG ESTABL-iShED A MONASTERY AT L~AL; SEL-i-GE-KHA/
         HE BECAME KNOWLL AS sEN-GE-KHA-PA. tH-iNK-iNG ThAT Th-iS
         NEW MONASTERY M-iGHT HARM ThE MONASTERY OF (H-iS) tEACHER/
         LLC D-iSPERSED ThE MONKS AND H-iMSELF RETURNED TO H-iS NAT-iVE
         COUL~TRY. hE -iNCREASED ThE WEL~ARE OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS BY
         SLLOW-iNG ThEM M-iRACLES/ S~LCH AS HANG-iNG 6-iS VESTMENTS ON A
         SUN-RAY BEAM/ ETC. h-iS D-iSC-iPLE WAS DpAL-CHEN ~ OS-YES.
         tS-i LUN-PA LLAV-iNG FOUNDED tS-i-LU-iL/ MA-iNTA-iNED ThE -iNTEREST
         OF OThERS (-i.E. PREACHED ThE dOCTR-iNE)/ AND ACTED AS ACARYA
         AT ThE ORD-iNAT-iON OF '~-iG-RTEN MGON-PO. tHE BLA-MA RgYAN-
         ThAN-PA HAV-iNG MET 'gRO-MGON (pHAG-MO-GRU-PA)/ HEARD
         MANY PRECEPTS FROM H-iM. hE FOUNDED A MONASTERY AT A
         PLACE TO WH-iCH A GTOR-MA OF~ER-iNG HAD BEEN CARR-iED BY A
         RAVEN/ A MAN-iFESTAT-iON OF ThE rEL-iG-iOUS pROTECTOR (CLLOS-JKYON).
         t-iLL ThE PRESENT DAY/ ThC STREAM OF LL-iS LABOURS HAS NOT BEEN
         -iNTERRUPTED. tH~ BLA-MA yE-PHUG-PA ~E-SES-RTSEGS FOUNDED
         bYAN-RTA SNA/ lHO-yE-PHUG/ AND ~AR lHO-I-RDZON.
         tHERE WERE TWN DgYER-SGOM. oNE OF ThEM PRACT-iSED
         MED-iTAT-iON -iN ThE V-iC-iN-iTY OF mAL-GRO. tHE dHARMASVAM-iN
                                                                          p.566
         OF 'bR-i-KHUN PTA-iSED ThE OTBER GREATLY. tHE BLA-MA 'bOM
         FOUNDED ThE MONASTERY OF SkAM-DGOS-LUL;/ AND GREAT WAS TLLE
         BENCF-iT FOR L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS. 'cHHAN-BU RgYA-R?S ~ GCNERAL/
         HC ATTA-iLLCD SP-iR-iTLLAL REAL-iZAT-iON/ ALLD/ -iLL PART-iCULAR/ HE WAS
         ASS-iST~D BY A rEL-iG-iOUS pROTECTOR.' m-i-NAG SgOM-R-iNSH
         HAV-iNG MET 'gRO MGON/ HE STUD-iED ~NDER H-iM. oNCE 'gRO-
         MGON PLACCD BCFORE H-iM A NET MADC OF ROPES ~ALLD SA-iD~
         EP ~ SWORD W-iTh YOU i '! ~N~ ~ ~gOM-R-iNS KEPT ~ SWORD).
         tHEN 'gTO-MGON BROUGHT TO/ ~HC FRO~3T OF H-iS HUT S-iEUATED -IN
         ThC LLC-iGHBOURHOOD A mALL WBO B~D.K-iLLEj SgOM/R-i;NS.' HTLL~R.
         011 SEE-iNG ThE MAN SgOM-R-i~-iLLCD W-iTh WTATh AN~ SE-iZ-
         -iNG ThE SWORD/ RAN AFTER ThC N~LL. 'gTO-MG~N SA-iDH ~bCHOLD
         YOUR ThOUGHTS OF ALLGET!" 5~ NCE ALL EXCELKNT -iNS-iGHT
         -iNTO ThE LLATURE OF ALLGER W~S-~T;LUC~D -iLL H-iL~ R~AR H~D
         BEEN H-iS ThOUGHT O~ DO-iT-iG GOO~ ?PPROVED O~ ThE METL~L
         OF MED-iTAT-iOiL OF ThE RLCW -i-i~ OF. 'gRO-MGON. lATER HC
         FOUNDED A MOLLASTERY AT ~! O~OK UP RES-iDENC~ ThCRC/
         ALLD G~ThETED~ ROULLD H-iMSE~      HURTDR~D RNON-KS. s-iNCC'
         HE WAS -iLL-iTERATE/ Th-iS- SOT~ ~PPED H-iS WORK FOR ThE
         - WELFARE OF OT!~ETS aT ThE T-iD-iL~ENTER-iNG -iNTO n-iRV~qA/
         HE SA-iD TO WCEP-iN~. MONKSH.~tCACHER -iS NOT GO-iNG To
         BE WORSE ThAN i ! aT GyC/ ~ER ~ BELOW A BOULDCT> TBCRC
         -iS AN UPASAKA PROF-iC-iEiLT -iN~ ~. cALL H-iM!" ON
         SAY-iNG SO/ HE PASSED AWAY. -~ WAS BORN AT GyO-TU~
         GRA. h-iS FAM-iLY WAS T~ ~ H-iS YOUTHH/ HE ENG~GED
         -iN CXTCNS-iVE SNRD-iES. iN PAR~-i~/ HC ATTENDED ~OR A LONG
         T-iME ON ThE ACARYA pHYA-BA. ~    E LATTER'S D-iSC-iPLES HE
         BECAME FAMOUS FOR H-iS W-iSDOM. ~K WROTE MANY TREAT-iSC~ ON
         TT~ ~s-iX tREAT-iSCS" OF nAGAR~UNA (~-iGS-TShOGS~TLMG) AND
         LECTURED OLL ThEN~. ~ATCR/ ~X @#icT gTO-SOL-BA. hE WAS
         SAT-iSF-iED W-iTh ThE CXPOS-iT-iOO OF TLLT ~)OHA WH-iCH HC OBTA-iNET
         ~ROM a-SU.
         tHE BLA-MA ~EL-PA yE-SE5-BRT~GS HCARD ~R~M H-iM ThE
         dOHA CLASS. yE?L-PA ThOLLGHTH '~tiL-iS -iS ~ MERE EXPLANAT-iON !
         jF HE WCRE TO LLLEET MY tEACHER/ TLLE RESULTS -O~ H-iS MED-iTAT-iON
         WOULD SURELY BECOME EXCELLENT". hE ThEN ASKED SpAR-PBU-BA
                                                                          p.567
         TO PAY A V-iS-iT TO 'gRO-MGON (pL~A~ O-~RLL-PA). SpAR-PL?U-BA
         -iNQU-iRCDH ~dOES LLC POSSESS ANYTh-iNG MOTC CXCELLENT TBAN
         WC?" yCL.P~ -iNS-iSTEDH ~aT AL~Y RATE/ PTAY GO TO H-iM. hC
         N1-iGHT BE BETTER TLLATL US." Sp~R-PH~-BA WAS PLEASCD/ AND
         iNET 'gRO-MGON AT ThE MON~STHRY Oe pH;~G-M~GTU. hE HELD
         A LONG COqVERSAT-iON W-iTh 'gRO-MGON. tHEN A ThOUGBT
         OCCURRCD -iN SpAR-PHU BA'S M-iNDH ~tHE tCACHET -iS A FOLLOWETOF
         ThE DOCTR-iNE O~ TLLE w-iJNANA~(ADA (sCM5-TSAM-PA~." 'gTO MGON
         ~TCE-iVED Th-iS ThOUGHT/ AND SA-iD '~sPME DAY T!L-iS dOCTR-iNE
         O~ M-iNE W-iLL BENEF-iT YOUL" tHEN 'gRO-MGON E~CPLAMED ThE
         dOCTR-iNE -iN DETA-iLS~/ BUT SpAR-PHU-BA ThOUGHTH ~1 KNOW -iT -iN
         DET~-iL"/ TND -iN Th-iS MANNER KNOWLEDGE W~S-NOT PRODUCCD -iN
         LL-iM. hE ThEN ATTEODED C-iASSCS/ AND FEEL-iNG CONTCNC W-iTh
         Th-iS/ HE RETURNED. aGA-iN ThE BLA-MA yCLPA SA;DH "wH-iLC
         KNOWLEDGE -i5 TO APPE~R -iN ONE WHO HAS FA-iTK 3ND DEVOT-iON
         TOWARDS ThE pREC-iOUS tEACHER/ iT APPEARS ThAT -iT D-iD NOE AR-iSE
         -iN YOU/ tCACHER." L~EN HE AGA-iN BCGGED H-iM TO SEC (pHAG.
   (72A) ALO-GTU-PA) ANCE MORE/ -iND ThC tEACHET PROM-iSED TO DO SO.
         aFTETWARDS ThEY BOTh PROCCEDED TOWARDS pHAG-MO GTU. 'gTO-
         MGON Th-iL K-iNG ThAT HE H~D SLjBDUED Sp~PHU-BA'S PT-iD~ -iN H-iS
         KNOWLEDGC/ P~RFORME~ AN AUSP-iC-iOUS CEREMONY. hC MADE AN
         -iLLLPT-iNT OF A BEAUT-i~UL LOTU5 ~OWER ON A P-iECE OF B~O~VN SUGAT/
         AND GAVE -iT TO SpAR-PHU-BA. tHE -iATTCT ADM-iTCD ThE -iMPR-iNT
         AND D-iD NOT EAT -iT. tLLE BLA-MA yEL-PA ThEN GOT UP/ AND
         HAV-iNG BROKEN ThC SUGAR/ GAVE -iE TO SpAR-PHU-BHL W-iTh ThE
         WORTSH ~eAT -iTL" AND H- ATE ;T ~H-iS MEANT ThAT SpAR-
         PHU-BA'S FORMER STUD-iES RESEMBLED ThE -iMPR-iNT OF TlE LOTUS
         FLOWER/ BUT pHAG-MO-GRU-PA'S TEACH-iNG RESCMBLED Th~ TASTE OF
         BROWN SUGAR). tHEN 'gRO-MGON SA;D- ~tHE S~TRAS WH-iCH
         REPRESENT ThC dOCTR-iNE OF c-iUSE/ SUCH AS ThE p~AJN-iPARAM-iTA
         AND ThE mADHYAM-iL~A/ AND ThE wAJRAYANA/ ThE dOCTR-iN~ OF
         fRU-iT/ SUCH AS ThE VAR-iOUShRRNS OF UPAYA-M?RGA/ ~ND ThE
         PRECCPTS O~ EHE mAHAMUDR-iL/ ARE ALL PREACHED ~S- ~ METhOD OF
         PERCE-i~-iNG (TBE nATURE) OF ThE m-iN-L-ONLY. tHE PURPOSE OF
         ALL TLL-iS -i~ MED-iTAT-iON ONLY/ yCU MUST CONCENTRATE YOUT
         M-iND 1/" bUT SpAT-PHU-BA TL~OUGHTH ~wHT ~ -iTL~ hE D-iD NOT
                                                                          p.568
         G-iVE ME ;iNY PRECCPTS/ BUT ONLY TOLD ME TO MED-iTATE." ~iC
         RELLECTED FOR ~ WLL-iLC/ AND ThELL REAL-iSED TLLE N~EAN-iLL~ OF TLLE
         ST;-iTE OF L~ATURE/ tHEN HE COMPOSED A PRAYER TO 'gRO-N~GON
         ENT-iTLED 'dOD-'LO bA~ O. l;LTER HE FOUNDED A N~ONaHLSTETY AT
         Sp;-iR-PLLU. hC LLAD MAL~Y V-iS-iONS OF TUTELARY DE-iT-iES AND
         GOODS/ ~ND BECDME KNOWN AS A S-iDDH-A. hE G~TLLERED ROUND
         H-iN1SELF ;~BOUT 500 PR-iESTS. h~ WAS O~ TBE oP-iLL-ioii ThAT ThERE
         W~S NO D-iF~ERENCE BETWEEN H-iS ~iNDERSTAND-iNG/ AND ThAT OF TL~E
         L~UDlLHAS. iN Th-iS MANNER HE DEVELOPED H-iS OWN ThEOTY ThAT
         U-i-DETSTAND-iNG COULDN'T BE -iMPROyED ~iPON. hE SA-iD ThERE~OTE
         TLLjT TLLE FOUR STA~ES O~ yOGA'S W~RE D-iST-iNGU-iShED ACCORD-iNG
         TO ThE-iR (RES~ECT-iVE) MED-iTAT-iONS AND NOT ACCOTD-iNG TO UNDET-
         STAND-iNG. mANY REL-iG-iO~LS BTOThERS LLEARD ThE dOL~AKOSA FROM
         H-iM/ SUCLL AS TLLE S-iDDHA Gl-iN-RAS AND OTLLERS. G~AN-RAS
         DgE-'DUN-'BUM/ yEL-BA AND OThERS ATTENDED ON H-iM. tHE
         D-iSC-iPLE O~ 'gRO-N~GOLL sANS-RGYAS G~AN-RAS WAS A NAT-iVE OF
         kHAMS-GSUM OF BsAM-YAS. hE BELONGED TO ThE G~AN CLAN.
         hE HEARD ThE H-iDDEN PRECEPTS FTOM l-i-RAS/ A D-iSC-iPLE OF pHAG-
         NO-GRU-PA AND lO-RA rAS-PA (rAS-CHUN-PA~. h~ PRACT-iSED
         MED-iTAT-iON FOR N-iNE YEARS AT ThE CAVE OF RdO-R~N-ThAG -iN m-iL-
         YUL-RON. aT mA-YUL HE FOUNDED A MON;LSTETY/ ThUS F-LLF-iLL-iNG A
         PROPLLECY UTTERED BY DAK-iN~S. lATER HE ALSO FOUNDED A
         MOLL~STERY ~T lO-RO-'PHAR/ AND TOOK UP RES-iDEdCE TLLERE. h-iS
   (72B) NEPHEW TgY~L-BA ;~LSO PR~CT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON FOR N-iNE YEARS
         W-iThOUT LEAV-iLLG H-iS MAT ;LT TL E MONASTERY OF mA-YUL/ SO TLLAT
         LL-iS HA-iR AND H-iS MAT BECAME NESTS OF -iLLSECTS (L-iCE). hE
         OBTA-iNED ThE S-iDDLL-i O~ jNANANATLL;L (N~ME OF mALLAKALA).
         G~AN-RAS HAD MANY D-iSC-iPLES WHO BELONGED TO H-iS l-iNEAGE
         OF M~D-iTAT-iON/ -iNCLUD-iNG TLLE BLA-MA ~dZON-PA AND OTLLERS.
         BlA-MA 7;1N AT F-iRST HE WAS A REL-iG-iOUS BROTLLER OF 'gRO-
         MGON (Th-iS MEANS LLE WAS A FELLOW-D-iSC-iPLE OF pLLAG-MO-GRU-
         PA. d-iSC-iPLES WLLO HAD RECE-iVCD -iN-iT-iAT-iON TOGEThER ARE
 15. tHE FOUR STAGES AREH 1. RNAL-'BYOR OR yOGA/ ~. RLLAL-'BYOR ~HEN-PO OR
     mAH⃠YOGA/ 3. ~-iN-TU RLLAL-'BYOR OR aT-i.YOGA AND 4. RNAL-'BYOR BLA.MED
     OR aNUTTLRA-yOGA.
                                                                          p.569
         C~LLED BROThERS)/ lAT~R/ DEVOT-iON BE-iN~ BO~N -iN L~-i-iL~ E
         BECAME LL-iS D-iSC-i~LE. hE FOLLNDED TLLE ~REAT V-iHARA O~ sE-GSEB
         AND ~AN-RGY;LL/ AND -iNV-iTED PR-iESTS. 'gRO-MGO~ V-iNG
         PASSED AWHLY~ HE LAL~OUR~D FOR TLLE MONASTERY. iLC BEC;-iME
         TLLE UPADHYAYA ~F 'bR-i-KHUN dH~RMASVA-iLL-iN. aT F-iRST L~E
         OBTA-iNED FROM TLLE sA-CHEN (kUN-DGA' SN-iL-i-PO) TLLE PRECCPCS
         OF ThE ~pATh AL-D fRU-iT" dOCTR-iNE AND WROTE A COMLL-ELLTHLRY
         ON -iT. tLLE l-iNE;LGE WH-iCH PRESERVES ThESE PRCCE~TS cOLLT-iLLL-i~S.
         tHE cHHLPTER ON ~RL pLLAT/ MO-GRN-P~ N~j H-iS D-iSC-i~LES.
         aN ~iCCOUNT OF (H-iS) CLL-iE~ D-iSC-iPLES W-iLL BE G-i~EN LATER.
         a GENETAL ACCOUNT OF TLLEL~L WAS G-iVEN HLBOVE. nOW TL~E STORY
         O~ ABBOTSH tHE PREC-iOUS -iMAGE WLL-iCL- WAS FO-iM~L -iN L~-iS
         GRASS-HUT ('~AG-SPY-iL) A~TER H-iS DE;-iTh/ W~S ERECTCD BY H-iS
         D-iSC-iPLES WHO HAD M-iXED -iNTO TLLE CLAY MED-iCAL SL!BSTANCES/
         PREC-iOUS STONES/ S-iLKS/ ETC// AS WELL ~-iS H-iS ASLLES/ gRE~T W;LS
         -iTS BLESS-iNG. tLLE -i-iN~GE 011 SEVERAL OccAS-iONs UTT~RED WORDS.
         eTER M-iCE HAD C.LRR-iED AWAY SOME CL;LY ~ROM ONE CF ThE
         CORNERS O~ TLLE -iMAGE'S SEAT/ TLLE -iM~GE DREW ThE ATTENT-iON O~
         ThE SACR-iSTAN (DKON-GNET)/ WHO REP3-iRED TLLE DAMAGE DONE BY
         M-iCE. tHEY MADE MANY -iM~GES FROM TLLE CL~Y TAL;EN AW;-iY
         BY M-iCE/ tLLESE BECAME KNOWN AS BY-i-S~-MA (~MOUSE-CLAY").
         mANY -i-iNAGES WERE ALSO MADE FRO-i-L ThE CLAY ThAT REMA-iNED
         AFTER TLLE ERECT-iON OF ThE -i-iNAGE/ AND TLLESE BECAME KNOWN ;-iS
         DRAS-SA-NLA ('~CUT-CLAY") tHE -iMAGE WLL-iCLL WAS PLACED ON
         ThE PREACHER'S SEAT (CHOS-KHR-i) WAS BU-iLT 6Y A MAN N.LNLE~
         mAR-P~ lHA-SN-iN AT mAN-'G~R.SG.1N. wLLEN ThE ~VOTK L~AD
         BEEN ROUGHLY COMPLETE~L/ A NUN wLLo WAS uTLKL-o'~w-iL -i-iL TLLE (7~A)
         LOCAL-iTY/ CAME TLLERE AND SA-iDH ~mY tEACLLER wH15 J~LST L-iL;E
         (TLL-iS -i-iNAGE)! dO NOT TOUCH -iT!" a-iL FELT SL-iRPR-iSED A~ LLER
         WORDS. tHEY PLACED ThE -i~ GE ON TL~E PRE;LCL-ER'S S~AT A~
         KEP~ -iT TBERE. ~FTER ThE DEATLL O~ 'gRO--N-GON/ BLA N~ N
         OCCUP-iE~ ThE SEAT AT ThE HEAD O~ TLLE CONGR~G~T-iOLL/ B~TT LLE
         MERELY REC-iTED BLESS-iNGS (L~SNO BA). . fROM TLLE CN~L OF TL~E
         LRON-m~ E-t-iGER YEAR (-iCAGS~ O STH-iG--i i 70 a R~ o TLLC
         f-iRE-mALE-aPE YEAR (ME-PLLO-S-i~RE~ 76 a.d.) FOR SEVEN
         YE~RS ThERE WAS NO ~BBOT. fOR TLLREE Y~ARS/ iROM TL-C
                                                                          p.570
         f-iRE-fEMALE hEN YEAR (M -MO-BYA--L 177 a.d.~ TO ThE YEAR
         eARTh-fEMALE-hOG (SA-MO-PLLAG--1 L 79 a.~.~/ TLLE dLLARMASVA-
         M-iN Oe 'bR-i-KLLUN ACTED AS ABBOT/ BUT BECAUSE Oe H-i~ EXTREME
         P.NURY/ ThE MONLCS/ -iNCLUD-iNG ThE ã¹iPADHYAYA ANj OTLLETS/ HAD
         L-iTTLE TRUST -iN L1-iM AN~L ShOWED GREAT GREED.
         wLL-iLE PRAY-iNG To '(~RO-MGON/ ThE LATTER APPEARE~/ BEFORE
         L~-iM/ AND DEL-iVERED A PROPHECYH ~tHERE -iS A[L OLD GOLD
         BROCADE TLLG/ G-iVE -iT FO ThELd. yOU/ YOURSELF~ ShOULD PROCEED
         NORTlWARD TOWAR~LS DBu-R~N" ~E ThEREFORE LEeC ThE PLACE ..T
         ABOUT M-iDN-iGLLT ACCOLLLPALL-iED BY FO~LR ATTELLD.LLLTS. tHEY
         TOOK SOME TEA A~ ThE RES-iDENCE O. GnAS-PO RdO-PA/ w-iLo
         ATTENDCD ON ThEM/ AND O~ERED TLLE dH~R[NASVAL-L-iN A NEW
         MANTLE (PLLYAM-TShE). iN TKE YEAR eARTh-fEFNALE-hOG (S F-MO-
         ~HAG--1179 a.d.) HEREACHED '13R-i-KHU-i-i ~-iA GsAN-PL~U. tHUS
         FRO-i-L ThE END C~ ThE eARTh-fEM~LE hOG ~EAR (SA-MO-PLLAG--
         i179 a.d.) To TLLE YEFR ~-iRE-fELLLALE-h~LRE~FLLE-LLLO-YOS--
         1207 a.d.) TBERE WAS !LO ABBOT (AT GdAN-S2 tL~EL). wL~EN
         TLLE dHARMAS~ARN-iN Oe StA~-LUN WAS F-ilTY-SEVEN/ ~ND TLLE
         dL1ARNL;LSVALLL-iN OF 'bR-i K!LUN F-iFTY-S-iX; -iN TLLE YEAR eARTLL-
         mHLLE-hORSE (SA~ O-RTA~ G8 a.d.~/ TLLE GREAT V-iLL.A~A WAS
         BU-iLT (;iT GdAL-i-S;L tHEL). 'bR-i-KL~-iN-PA SA-iD . ~LF YOT-i ERECT
         ThE V-iL~AR;L AT mAN-'GAR-SGAN/ TL-EN TL~E PR-iESTS W-iLL F-iOCK HETE
         (FROM ALL D-iRECT-iONS)/ AS FAR AS wAJRASFNA." bUT StAG-LUN-PA
         REPL-iEDH ~LT -iS -iMPROPER TO LEAVE BEH-iND ThE -iMAGE
         OT MY tEACL1ER W-iThOUT A ROOF ! lET l15 BU-iLD A V-iHARA
         OVER TLLE GRASS LLUT (OF pH.LG-MO-GR~L-PF).'' tHEN ThE
         TWO CUT-ROCKS/ AND BU-iLT A V-iH~RA. iN -iT NLLN~EROUS
         -iMAGES AN(LF BOOKS WERE PLACED ('bR-i-KL~UN OR GdAN-S~
         tL~-iL -iS FAMOUS ~OR -iTS BOOK COLLECT-iON). lATER/ DUR-iNG A FEUD
         BETWEEN TLLE TWO K-iNGS OF ~AMS-SOD/ COui1TTY WOMEN
         USED TO S AYH ~lET LLS DESTROY ThE MONASTETY AN~ LET ThE PLACE
         Oe OUR WEAV-iNG LOOMS BE COVERED W-iTh FRAGMENTS OF BRASS
         (FROM BROKEN -iMAGES)." tLLE dHATdLASV~M-iN O~ '~R-i-KHUN
   (73B) TOOK /FW/AY W-iTL~ H-iMSELF' MUCLL WEALTLL/ AND KEPT -iT APAF T FOR
         TLLE REBU-iL(j-iLLG O. BsAM-YAS. hE H-iLSO D-iSTR-iBUTED WEALTL
         TO TLLE TWO K-iN~S/ ~ND M FDE AN A TTEMPT AT -iNED-iT FT-iON -iN TLLE
                                                                          p.579
         D-iSPUT~/ BUT ~A-iLED TO BR-iNG ABO~LT /~N A~REELNENT. tLLANKS
         TO H~S 1.1BO~LRS/ TLL~RE WAS NO D-iSTURBANCE TOR i8 YEARS. f/NRTLLER/
         TLLE dLLARNLASVAM-i-i) O~ ~bT-i-KLL-iLN TOOK AS LL-iS ATTEND3NTS
         NUTLLEROL-iS N~OLLKS/ AND TRALLSFERRED TLLE BOOKS ([ROM Gd.LN-SA
         MtL~-iL) TO ThE iLLONASTERY O~ SgAM-PO. tLL-iS D-iSPL~ASED ThE
         LAYME-i~/ AND ThE YOG-iN bYAL;-SEN OF gRO-SA SPOKE E~ -iL OF H-iM/
         AND SA-iD ThAT TL~E dLLARM3SWAM-iN WAS DESTROY-iNG ThE
         tEACL-iET'S MONASTERY. tL-E dHLRMASVAM-iN OF StAG-LUN ALSO
         ~ELT D-iSAPPO-iLLTED~ AND SA-iD TO LL-iMH "wLLY D-iD YOU NOT
         LEAVE ThE BOOKS -iN ThE MON~STERY OF RNY tEACL1ER?" iT WAS
         EVEN SA-iD Th3E TLLE wL1ATMASVAM-iN O~ SRAG-LU-i-i LL~D D-iED FRON1
         HEART FA-iLURE CAUSED BY Th-iS. tO TLL-iS/ ThE dHATMASVAM-iN
         O~ 'bR-i-KHUN/ KNOW-iNG ThE DOCTR-iNE OF dEPEN(LENT oR-iG-i-
         NAT-iOL1/ USE~ TO REPLYH ~aCT-iONS Th;-T ARE CONTRARY TO TLLOSE
         O~ TLLE WORDLY PEOPLE ARE EXCELLENT!" iN GEN~R;LL/ TL-OUdi
         BOTLL ~bR-i-KHLLN P~ AND StAG-LUN-P;L LLAD ACCEPTED A GREAT
         BURDEN ON BELLALF OF TLL-iS MONASTERY DUR-iNG TLLAT PER-iOD/ ThEY
         WETE L-iN3BLE TO STOP TLLE DECL-iNE OF ThE MOLL3STERY. tHEN/ -iN
         TLLE YEAR e;LRCL~-m-iLE-dRAGOLL (SA-PL~O-'BRUG--1208 a. d.~/
         WHELL TLLE dH3RLLLASVALL~ O~ 'bR-i-KBUL-i WAS 66/ TL~E mASTER
         SpYAN-SNA/ AGED 34/ C~ME TO ThE ABBOT'S CLLA-iR. oNE DAY
         HAy-iLL/ PLACED A COSTLY CARPET ON A H-iGH SEAT/ LLE M-iLDE ThE
         mASTER SpYAN SNA S-iT ON -iT/ ALLD PROSTRATED H-iMSEL~ -iN FRONT OF
         H-iM/ SAY-iNGH ~t-iLL SEVERAL DAYS AGO/ YOU WERE MY SON (MY
         D-iSC-iPLE). fRC3M NOW ON YOU W-iLL BE MY tEACLLER/ MY
         fAThER"/ AND SENT H-iM TO pL1AG-MO-GTU. nOW TLLE m~STER
         SpYAN-SL;AH HE L~ELONGED TO ThE FA-iN-iLY O~ RlANS lL~A-GZ-iGS
         -iN ThE LOCAL-iTY OF GnAS-DRLLG/ TO WLL-iCL~ FA-i1L-iLY BELONdED
         D-iSTR-iCT CH-iE~S (S~E-DPON) ANL S-iDDL1AS/ -iNCLLLD-iLLG kLLALLLS-PHL
         gO CHA/ A D-iSC-iPLE OF TLLE MkHAN-PO bODH-iS3TTVHL AND OF
         a-M-i bYAN-CHUB 'DRE-BKOL/ A D-iRECT D-iSC-iPLE O~ TLLE H~CARYA
         pADM3 (SAMBHAVA). hE W;-iS BORN -iN TLLE YEAR wOO(L-fEMALE
         sHEEP (S-iN-MO-LUG--1 175 a.d.) AS SON O~ FATLLER kON-CLLE
         RgY31-BA SKYABS AL~D MOThER 'bRO-KLOG GZA' gYL-i-GLL-KH3L11
   (74A) (gYLL G~L-K3LL-/ l.~DY O~ 'bRO~ OO~) tL--iS w.15 TLLC S-i~Th ~EAR
         S-iNCE TLLE DEATL1 OF pLL~G-MO-GRL-i-L A. aR TLLE ;11~ OT ~ E
                                                                          p.572
         WAS ORDA-i!1ED AT SpY-i GNAS GYO-GU -iN ThE PRESENCE O~ ThE
         UPADL~YAYA RdZOL;-MGO-PA AND ThE AC3TYA tH;LR;-PO-CLLE-PA/
         NAMED StON-PA/ AND TECE-iVED TLLE NAME OF gRAGS-PA 'BYUL-i-
         GNAS. aFTER 11-iS ORD-iN~T-iOLL~ HE OBT3-iNED DUR-iLLG ThREE YEARS
         SOME EXPL;LNAT-iONS ON ThE tL~LN-'~OG (A B~OK ON MED-iTAT-iON)
         FROM ThE BL~-MA yE-PHLLG-PA/ AS ~CLL AS TLLE lL~ C-iG SKYES-
         SBYOR AND OTL~ER DOCTR-iNES. aT TL~E AGE OF 15/ HE S~-iD TO
         H-iS FHLTL~ER TLLAT HE -iNTENDED GO-iNG TO ATTEND ON TLLE BLA M~
         yE-PHUG-L~A/ AND TAK-iL-G W-iTh L~ A GOOD LLORSE/ HE N~OLLNT-
         ED -iT AND F~ED TOWARDS DkAR-SOD. tLLE tE~CHER SENT
         A LLORSE AND AN ATTEND~NT TO RECE-iVE LL-iM; HE ALSO SENT K-iM
         WHATEVER WAS NEEDED BY H-iM EVERY DAY. hE JO-iNED r~GS-S-i
         /HO WAS T~K-iNG OF~ER-iNGS TO 'bR-i-KHUN AND ThEY PROCEEDED
         TOWATDS 'bR-i-KLLUN. tHE UP~DHYAYA yE-SES BLA-M~/ H-iS couS-iLL~
         CALNE OUT TO MEET ThEM/ AND w;is VERY PLE3SED (AT H-iS
         COM-iNG). eSCORTED BY H-iM/ HE CALLED ON ThE dHALMASVAM-iN/
         wLLo WAS S-iTT-iLLG ON ThE PREACHER'S RED SEAT (C60S-KLLR-i
         DMAT-PO). tL1E dLLARMASVAM-iN SM-iLED AT H-iM AND PLAC-iNG
         LL-iS HAND ON LL-iS HEAD/ SA-iDH ~tH-iS YOUTh -iS W-iSE! yO~LR
         ACCUMULAT-iONS (OF MER-iT) ARE GREAT/ TO JUDGE BY ThE MANNER
         YOU ARE WE~R-iNG A SMALL HAT (ZA-'U); ONE DAY W-iLL ~)RETEND
         TO BE AN ASCET-iC." bY ThE N~ETE PLAC-iNG OF TLLE dHARMA-
         SVAM-iN'S HAND ON H-iS HEAD/ 3 M-iND CONCENTRAT-iON CALLED TLLE
         SARVA-DHARMA-SAMATA-V-iPRAPARLCA-SALLLADH-i-RAJA (T~HOS-ThAMS CAD
         MNAM-N-iD RNAM-P~ SPROS-PA-I T-iN-NE-'DZ-iN-GY-i RGY~!-PO/
         ThE tR3NCE WH-iCH -iS CHARACTER-iZED BY EQUAN-iM-iTY TOW~RDS
         ALL eLEMENTS OF pHENOMENAL eX-iSTENCE~ WAS BORN CLEARLY
         ~iHAN-G-iS) -iN H-iS M-iND. hE ThEN PRESENTED TL~E HORSE TO ThE
         dL~ARMASVAM-iN D~LR-iNG AN ASSEN~BLY/ AND PLE;LSED H-iM GREA~LY.
         fOR ThREE YEARS AFTER ThAT DATE/ DpON bYAN-'OD AND HE PRAC-
         T-iSED MED-iTAT-iON TOGEThER -iN A LLUT/ G-iVEN TO ThEM BY TLLE
         dLL~RMASVALLL-iN. aT ThE ~GE OF 1 7/ HE ~CCOMP;LN-iED ThE
         dLLHLRMHLS-3TN-i-iL AS 3TTENDANT/ TO d3GS-PO. wHEN ThE dHH~RMA-
         SV3N -iN W~S RES-iD-i~LG AT z;LNS-LUL-i/ HE OL~ERED PR3YERS TO TLLE
         EFF-iGY OF SgM-PO-PA/ AND SHLW A L-iGL~T 3PPEH1R-iNG BETWEEN
         ThE ~YE-BROWS OF TLLE -iM3GE/ WL~-iCH F-iLLED ThE ENT-iRE VHLLLEY
                                                                          p.573
         O~ dA~S/ h-iS LLEALTLL L)E-iNG/ SOLLLEWLLAT AFFL-iCTED/ TLLE
         wHARLLLAS~A~ L SA-iDH "a~LLOL~G TLLE CLL-iLDRELL Oe t-iBET/ LLE
         (-iS) DEAR. iF LLE DOES iioT D-iE NOW/ LLE W-iLL LATER BECOME TLLE
         SANCTUARY (RTEN-SA) O~ TLLE d. GS-YO BkL'-BRGYUD SECT!" AL~D
   (74B) SAY-iNG SO/ LLE PERFORMED A REL-iG-iO--iS CEREMOLLY (R-i-iLL- /RO~.
         tHE dL~ARLLLASVALLL-iLL SA-iCLH ~'~OW/ T~LERE W-iLL BE NO ACC-iDENTS
         TO YOUR L-iFE/ FOR A YOG-iN -iS F-iRST TO BE V-iCTOR-iOUS." wl~EN TLLE
         dL ARN~HLSVAM-iN HAD GONE TO pHAG-LLLO-GRU/ HE ACTED AS H-iS
         ATTEL~DALLT. wHELL TLLE dL~ARN~ASVALLL-iN WENT TO 'oN TO iLLEET
         lHA-'6R-i SgAL-iS-PA/ HE SA-iD TO LL-i~ yOU ShOULD TAKE UP F-iLLAL
         MONAST-iC OR~L-iN;LT-iON.'' hE REPL-iEDH ~bUT i AM NOT LL~ORE TLLAN
         18!" tHE dLLARMASVAM-iLL SA-iD 3~     KL~OW TLLE w-iLLAY;L!
         aT TL--iS H3GE YOU ARE F-iT TO TAKE UP F-iNAL MONAST-iC ORD-iNaH-iT-iO~
         hE TLLEREFORE TOOK UP TLLE F-iNAL MONAST-iC ORD-iNAT-iOLL AT ThE
         AGE OF 18/ ~HAN sUM-TL~OG PA ACT-iNG AS UPADHYAYA/ lHA-'BR-i
         SgANS-PA AS KARLLLA ACH~RYA/ AND TLLE pREC-iOUS U~;-iDHYAYA
         ACT-iNG AS sECRCT pRECEPTOR (AS A GENERAL RULE F-i-iLAL MONAST-iC
         ORD-iNAT-iOL~ WAS TAKEL~ AF~ER ThE AGE OF TWENTY/ BUT -iN
         SPEC-iAL CASES ONC WAS PERLd-iTTED TO TAKE UP ThE F-iNAL VOWS
         AT TLLE AG/E Oe 1 8/ AND -iLL SUCLL CASES TWO YEATS WERE
         ADDED TO ThE YEARS O~ ThE NOV-iCE/ CALLED MNAL-BSOL/ iL-NAL--
         ThE YEAR SPENT -iLL ThE iLLOThER'S WOML~/ ~ND L~SOL_TL~C EXTRA
         -ido-i~ s -iN LUNAR YEARS). aT 'bR-i-KHUT; HE WORKED AS A
         PERSO~ L SETVAL)T (GZ-i-iNS-GYO~3 O~ ThE dHARMASVAM-iLL/ AL~D
         BECATL.E KL~OWL~ ~S SpYAN-SL-iA-B;~ aTTELLDANT"). wL~ELL TL~E
         dHARM;LSVA-i~ USED T) L~REACH TLLE dOCTR-iLLE/ HE USC(L TO~S-iT AT
         TLLE dHAR-iLL.LSVAL~L-iLL'S R-i~LLC AL~D L-iSTENED TO H-iS PRE~CB-iLLG.
         .4.~TET F-iN-iSh-iLLG/ H-iS DA-iLY WORL; AS SERVALLT/ AT DUSK/ LLC USED TO
         RE~EAT ALL ~L~AT LLE L~AD LLEARD (D~-iR-iN/ TLLC DAY). aT LLL-iDN-iGLLT/
         LLE USED TO PRACT-iSE MED-iTAT-iON. tLLE dHARMASVALN-iN A~TER
         Ac~EPTLNG O~CR-iN~S AT TLLE T-iLLLE O~ TL~E ASSELLLBLY/ USED TO ~O
         B.LCK TO L~-iS RES-iDENCE/ AND S-iT -i-iL TLLE~L-iTAT-iON. dUR-iNG TL~AT
         T-iLLLE HE USED TO PARTHLKE OF A L-iTTLE TEA. a~TER TBAT LLE ASS-iSTED
         ThE pREC-iOUS uL~ADLLYAYA ALLD ~-BO ~;3AM-SOD-PA AND OTLLERS -iN
         EX~LA-iLL-i-i/l~ (TO ThE-iN~ TLLE W~RDS OF TLLE tEACLLET/ WL~-iCH TLLEY
         WERE U~L.BLC TO UNDETSTAND. fRONL TLLE AGE O~ 18 T-iLL ThE AGE
                                                                          p.574
         OF 34/ LLE C~NSLARL~LY ATTCNDC(L OLL TLLC tC.~ CR. ~'LLCN lLLC
         l)~ TN~;LS~    T-i~ s~-iiC(L TL~E B~OKS F-iON1 pLL.~3~ O-~RU TO
         SgM-L~O/ St.L7-LUL)-P-iL AND ~M-~OD-P.L CCNSLLR~D ~ 1 (FOR
         LO-iN7 SO~/ s.~     'hOW COULj L1C DO SUCL- A T~ 7 TO ThE
         LL~OL~;LSTCRY ~ T LL~E dL1ARL~ SVA-i~ RCl~i-iEl~H "-i Sh.LLL
         Ro~1c N~Y NL(~LL.L)T('LY 311LLLLCLRED ~ND cwEN 3 ~i-OUS;LLLD T-iLNCS!"
         hE SCL~T TL~ ST~R Sp~ALL-SL;;-i TO pH;~ NLO-GRU. L~tL1E F-iRST
         P.LRT OF TLLE COLL~/TCd;iT-iON/ L~-iNT~ D BY N~C/ TLLC SO-i~ OF i~A~
         SL1OUL(L 6E ORF~-i~D TO TLLE lORD pL~.Ld-MO-7RL~ ' (LLLE.LN-iL~ TLL/ T
         FUOD sLLou~ (-iRST OF~ERCD TO TL1E L ORD pL~; 7-MO-~RU-PA AS A
         TLLAL-KSG-iV-iNG~. tLLOU71L Th-iS mASTER SpYAN-SL-i.-i D-iD NOT
         R~CT-iSE ~L~ED-iT.~T-iO~ A SOL-iT;LRY PL;-C~ -iN(L~PELLDE!LTLY~ L~E D-iD
         -i)OT ;16~NDOLL EVE~L FOR i S-iN31E MOLLLELLT TLLE NO~-iON TL~;LT TL~E
         RN-H SV~M-iLL W;LS ;i bUDDL~A. hO~VEVER/ LLE NEVER S~-iD TLL~T
   (75A) L~EC~TLSE TL~E dL~AR~ SV;~-iN W~S 2 bUDCLLL~ E D-ij L~OT REQU-iRE
         ;--i-YTL--iL-G/ 6UT O-iL TLLE CONTRARY USED TO O~R LL-iM EyE-iL SM~
         NECESS-iT-iES ~LLEN~VCR NEEDED/ SUCH AS FOOD/ CLOTLL-iNG/ ;iBLUT-iOLLS
         FOR LL-iS FEET/ ETC. fVR TL~-iS RE;LSON/ LLE L~EC~ME TLLE BEST HiNLOLLG
         ALL. ~LLE dLL.-iRN-;LS?.~ FTER LL~-iNd G-iVELL PRESENTS (S-iLLCS
         AND TE~) TO -i~ ORT.LL~T L)ERSOSL;-iL-iT-iES/ SU~HLL AS TL-E L-i-iNG OF ~AM-
         SOD AND ki~u sdoii~/ S~-iCLH '~tiiE tE~CLLER L)~D TL-E -iNTELLT-iOLL
         ~F PROCEED-iLLG TOW~RDS kA-i-i~S~-i7 BL~T MY LL~LMBLE SEL~ D SENT
         L TO TL)E MONAST~RY. hE W-iLL BECOLLLE ~ TCLLLESS OLLE -iN
         TLL-iS -wORLD AND -iN hEAVEN. yOU/ NAT-iVES OF ~'~MS-SOD/
         SLLOULD ALSO PL~CE L--iS FE~T O-iL YOUR LLE;~DS!/' iMLLLED-i~TELY/ oTL
         TLLE ARR-iVAL OF TLLE m~STCR ~p~/AN-S-i-iA ~T TL-E qLONASTERY7 LLE SENT
         TO ThE dH;LR~ SVAR.L-iN A SEALCD ~OLL OF P~PER. tLLE dLLARLLL;L
         SVAM-iLL OPENCD -iT AND READ TL~E FOLLO~-iLLGH '~oNE WHO -iS
         D-iSTURBED -iN TLLE MED-iTAT-iOd OF TLLE iNNER bL-iSS/ LL-iS BODY/
         SPEECLL AND N~-iL3D ARE F-iLLED ~-iTLL AG-iT3T-iON; i-E W-iLL BE ~ E
         To BLESS TL-E N)-iLLDS Oe OTLLERS/ TLL~REFORE PR;LY (-iO L~oT ~i~ROW
         AWAY YOUR CLEAR NLED-iTAT-iON -iNTO WATER." wH-iLE LLE W;LS ThUS
         RES-iD-iNG -iLL TL~E N!ON~STERY/ TREACL-iNG -iN ThE FOOT-STEPS OF TLLE
         dH~RM~S-/~M-iLL/ HE D-iD NOT TR~NSGRESS TL)E ~RECE~TS OF TLLE
         w-iN~Y~ WL)-iCLL LLAD BEEN EXTOLLED BY TLLE lORD OF s~GES (mUN-iN~
         DR~/ -i. C. TBE L~UDDLL~). hE SPCL~T iLLOST OF L~-i~ T-iMC -iN SE~LU~
                                                                          p.575
         S-iON/ EXcEPT FOR H-iS PTcHLcH-iL-~ OF TLL~ dOCTRN~C/ ALLD NEVER
         ATTENDED TO OUTS-iDC MATTERS/ SUCH AS ME~L-iTAT-iOLL -iN D-iSPUTES.
         i~E -iNS-iSTED ThAT ThC MONKS ShOULD SPEND ThC-iR TLM~H -iN
         MCD-iTAT-iON. bEC;3USE OF H-iS SUBL-iMC DEEDS/ TL-iE NAT-iVES O~
         ~AT~ SOD USED TO SAYH ~'fOLLOW-iNG TLLC dHARLL~ASVANL-iLL'S -iND-i-
         CAT-iONS/ ThE MONASTELY -iMPROVED A H3jTLDRED AND A ThOUSAN~
         T-iMES. wE HAVE SUCH A tEACL-iER!" AND FELT PROUD OF H-iN~.
         wHEN T6E SON OF ~-i-BA 'OD~ A PR-iEST OF ROY31 DESCENT (LHA-BTSUN)
         OF BsAM-YAS/ FELL -iLL/ bRU-SA r-iGS-'D~-iN WAS -iNV-iTED FROM lAiN
         AND EXAM-iNED H-iS LLOROSCOPC (R~S-iS-BYED-PA)/ AND SA-iDH ~'tHE
         HOROSCCPE OF Th-iS BOY -iS LLARM-iNG YOU lORD! hE W-iLL D-iE."--
         '~iS TLLERE NO WAY (OF AVO-iD-iNG -iT)?" ASKED ThE K-iNG. '~i~ YOUR
         TNOThER WERE TO BE SENT AS A SUBST-iTUTE/ -iT M-i~LLT HELP." aND
         ACCORD-iLLGLY ThEY SENT ThE MOTLLER AS SUBST-iTUTE/ AND
         SLLE D-iED. wHEN ThE BOY HAD REACHED Th~ AGE Ol S-iX
         (HE AG..-iN FELL -iLL)/ AND ThE K-iNG iGA-iN CONSULTED ThE
         AS~ROLOGERH ~ ~wiiAT MAY KELP ? " tHE ASTROLOGER REPL-iEDH
         ' tH-iS YEAR NOTh-iNG W-iLL HELP. h~ W-iLL D-iE."--~'LS ThERE NO
         WAY (OF AVO-iD-iNG -iT)? " tHE ASTROLOGER REP-i-iED ~ YOU WERE
         TO SEND A KALYANA-M-iTRA/ ThE GREATEST -iN ThE VALLEY OF ~AMS-
         SOD/ AS A SUBST-iTUTE/ -iT M-iGHT HELP." ~wi-iO -iS ThE BEST
         (KALYAN;L-M-iTRA)?'' iNQU-iRED ThE K-iNG. aLL AGREED ThAT SpYAN-
   (75B) SNA w15 ThE BEST. tHEY SA-iD TO ThE ASTROLOGERH ~'wE ShALL
         -iNV-iTE SpYAN-SNA-BA AND ShALL TRANSFER Th~ M-iSFORTUNES ThREATEN-
         -iNG ThE BOY ON LL-iM. bRU-SA SA-iDH ~hE -iS EXPERT -iN ThE
         PERFORMANCE OF AUSP-iC-iOUS R-iTES. wE M-iGHT BE UNABLE TO
         TRANSFER ThE M-iS~ORTUNES MENAC-iNG Y~UR SON (ON LL-iM)." tHEY
         D-iD NOT L-iSTEN TO H-iS WORDS/ AND KEPT SA~--iNG ~wE MUST
         -iNV-iTE H-iM/ AND TRANSFER ThE ACC-iDE-i-~TS ENDANGER-iNG ThE L-iFE
         OF ThE BOY ON H-iM." tHEY SENT AN -iNV-iTAT-iON TO SpYAN-SNA.
         aLL BEGGED ThE mASTER SpYAN-SNA-BA NOT TO GO/ BUT HE SA-iDH
         ~iT -iS ALL R-iGHT! aS A L-iON HAD CONQUERED ALL QUADRUPEDS/ SO
         ThE SON OF ~AM/ BE-iNG A YOG-iN/ W-iLL CONQUER ALL ThE OThERS"/
         AND HE WENT. bRU-SA (MADE VAR-iOUS PREPARAT-iONS). hE
         F-iRST POURED WATER -iNTO ThE STOMACH O~ A ShEEP/ AND PLACED -iT
         AT ThE ENTRAL~CE TO A BR-iDGE; ON ThE STOMACH HE DREW VAR-iOUS
                                                                          p.576
         DES-iGNS/ AND ThE STOMACH WAS A~-iTATED BY W-iND. aT TL~E
         ENTTANCE TO ThE BR-iDGE HE PLACED ThE EFF-iGY OF A WOLF/ AND
         PLACED ThE STOMACH ON TOP OF -iT. oN ThE ROOF OF ThE HOUSE/
         HE PLACED VAR-iOUS K-iNDS OF EFF-iG-iES. uNDER ThE SEAT/ HE
         PLACED TWO CARCASSES OF DOGS JO-iN-iNG ThE-iN BY ThE-iR NCCKS/ AND
         -iN A SKULL W-iTh GR-iNN-iNG TEETh/ HE PLACED AN EFF-iGY. wHEN
         ThE mASTER SpYAN-SNA CAME/ bRU-SA SA-iDH ~iF A HORSE-iNAN
         R-iD-iNG ON A BLACK HORSE W-iLL BE AT ThE HEAD OF ThE PROCESS-iON/
         ThEN TL~E M-iSFORTUNES W-iLL NOT BE TRANSFERRED." tHE ACARYH-i
         t-i-SE-BA (AN ATTENDANT OF SpY/AN-SNA-BA) CAME F-iRST R-iD-iNG ON A
         BLACK HORSE/ AND bRU-SA REMARKED ~'nOW ThE M-iSFORTUNES
         CANNOT BE TRANSFERRED." SpYAN-SR;A SALD TO SLOB-DPON bRAM-%EH
         ~bLOW ThE BRASS-TRUMPET WH-iCH YOU BROUGHT W-iTh YOURSELT"/
         AND HE BLEW (ThE TRUMPET) EM-iTT-iNG A LOUD SOUND. "tLLAT'S
         ENOUGH!" SA-iD SpYAN-SNA/ AND -iNSTEAD OF LEAD-iNG H-iS HORSE TO
         ThE BR-iDGE/ HE CTOSSED ThE R-iVER BY FORD. mEANWH-iLE ThE
         EFF-iGY OF ThE WOLF PLACED ON ThE BR-iDGE FELL DOWN W-iT6 -ilS
         FACE TURNED TOWARDS bRU-SA. tHE MASTER SA-iD TO H-iS ATTENDANTSH
         ~f-iRST ShAKE Th-iS SEAT FOR ME/ AND ThEN PLACE Th-iS BEGGAR'S
         BOWL ON LT. tLL-iS W-iLL DEFEAT (H-iS MAG-iC)." wHEN HE PLACED
         H-iS LEFT FOOT ON ThE SEAT/ ThE SEAT EM-iTTED ThE SOUND ~'TSAG-
         TSAG" AND SUNK DOWN. tHEY HAD PLACED ThE SEAT FAC-iNG
         EASTWARDS/ BUT ThE mASTER SpYAN-SNA SAT ON -iT FAC-iNG SOUTh-
         WARDS. bRU-SA WAS POWERLESS. h-iS MAG-iC STRUCK BACK AT
         ThEM. sA-iD HEH '~hADN'T i TOLD YOU BEFORE ThAT WE ShALL FA-iL
         TO TTANSFER ThE M-iSFORTUNES ON H-iM/ BUT YOU D-iD NOT L-iSTEN TO
         ME ! nOW i ShALL D-iE AFTER REACH-iNG MY NAT-iVE LAND/ BUT
         PTOBABLY BEFORE -iT. nOW/ YOU lORD/ -iF YOU HAVE MEANS
         TO DO -iT/ DO -iT/ FOR OThERW-iSE YOU W-iLL ALSO D-iE." tHEN
         bRU-SA D-iED AFTER SEVEN DAYS/ AND ThE K-iNG/ SUPPORTER OF ThE
         ASTROLOGER/ WAS K-iLLED BY A MAN W-iTh-iN ThREE MONThS. bUT
   (76A) ThE mASTER SpYAN-SNA AND H-iS RETLNUE SUFFERED NO ACC-iDENTS.
         wHEN Th-iS STORY REACHED 'bR-i-KHUN/ ThE dHARMASVAM-iN OF
         KLLUN SA-iDH '~iF YOU PLACE A sAR-iCAYA (-i.E. ThC BOOK OF
         pRAJNAPARAM-iTA-SANCAYAGAThA) ON ThE ThRONE -iNSTEAD OF ThE
         BEGG-iNG BOWL/ ThE EF~ECTS OF MAG-iC WOULD BE RENDERED POWER-
                                                                          p.577
         LESS." bECAUSE ThE MAG-iC OF ThE K-iNG OF BsAM-YAS COULD NOT
         OVERPOWER H-iM/ HE BECAME KNOWN AS ThE ~lORD/ ThE aLL-
         KNOW-iNG" (R~E tHAMS-CAD MKHYEN-PA)/ RgYAL-BA yAN-DGON-
         PA COMPOSED A STOTRAH ~ThE GREAT SA-iNT/ SpYAN-SNA-BA/
         SUBDUER OF DEN~ONS...." iN ShORT/ Th-iS lORD aLL-KNOW-iNG
         BES-iDES POSSESS-iNG PERFECT MORAL PRECEPTS/ AND FOLLOW-iNG
         AFTCR ELDERS/ D-iD NOT PARTAKE EVEN OF SOUP PREPARED OF ML~TTON
         FAT. tHE MONASTERY HAV-iNG FALLEN TO DECAY/ SOME OF ThE
         MONAST-iC CONGREGAT-iON/ BECAME OF LOOSE CHARACTER. hE LED
         ThEM TOWARDS ThE OBSERVANCE OF MORAL PRECEPTS AND ThE
         PRACT-iCE OF MED-iTAT-iON. bY H-iS CONCENTRATED ~ANCE F-iLLED W-iTh
         ~REAT COMM-iSERAT-iON/ NOT ONLY D-iD ThE NAT-iVES OF tHEL STOP
         ThE-iR QUATRELS/ BUT ALL ThE FEUDS OF yAR-KLUNS AND OThER LOCAL-i-
         T-iES/ AS FAR AS GL~AL/ CAME TO AN END. hUNGER D-iSAPPE~RED/
         AND ALL REC-iTED ThE REFUGE FORMULA -iN SpYAN-SNA-BA. iN ~H-iS
         MANNER/ HE SPENT 26 YEARS AT ThE MONASTERY. tHEN HE
         ~ROCEEDED TO 'bR-i-KHUN TO OF~ER CONDOLENCES ON ThE DEM-iSE OF
         ThE DBoN r-iN-PO-CHE. hE PERFORMED O~ER-iNG R-iTES TO ThE
         REMA-iNS OF ThE DECEASED. aFTER SEVERAL DAYS/ G~UN r-iN-PO
         CHE/ 'bR-i-KHUN-GL-iN-PA/ 'gAR-CHOS-SD-iNS-PA AND SgOM-PA HAV-iNG
         D-iSCUSSED BETWEEN ThE!NSELVES/ REQUESTED H-iM TO REMA-iN -iN
         'bR-i.KHUN. fOR 13 DAYS HE D-iD NOT ACCEPT. iN
         ThE END HE UNDERTOOK TO ABSTA-iN FROM QUARRELS W-iTh
         StAG LUN-PAS AND OThER BkA'-GDAMS-PA MONASTET-iES/ AND
         REMA-iNED AT ThE pREC-iOUS mONASTERY (GdAN-SA) FOR ~2 YEARS.
         iN ThE SEVENTh YEAR OF H-iS RES-iDENCE ThERE/ WH-iCH WAS AN iRON-
         mALE-mOUSE YEAR (iCAGS-PHO-BY-i-BA--~240 a.d.)/ A RUMOUR
         SPREAD ThAT mONGOL (hOR) TROOPS HAD REACHED 'dAM. wHEN
         ThE MONKS OF 'bR-i KHUN-tHEL WERE PREPAR-iNG TO FLEE/ HE
         ADV-iSED ThEM NOT TO FE~R/ AND REMA-iNED -iMPERTURBED. f-iRST
         CAME ThE mONGOL COMMANDER m-i~ BY-i (m-iL-iC-i). aS SOON AS
   (76B) HE HAD SEEN ThE BLA/MA'S FACE/ FA-iTh WAS BORN -iN H-iM/ AND
         ThEY FELT ThAT ThEY TWO WERE L-iKE FAThER AND SON. hE PRO.
         M-iSED TO MAKE OFFER-iNGS AT A LATER DATE. tHE mONGOL TROOPS
         W-iThOUT HARM-iNG MEN OR BEASTS/ WENT BACK. a~TER 28 DAYS
         dOR-TA (dOORD~ D~-iRQAN dOORD;L D~RQAN ARR-iVED -iN t-iBET -iN
                                                                          p.578
         1239 a.d.(sA-PHAG). dOORDA WAS SENT BY pR-iNCE gODAN TO
         -iNV-iTE ThE sA-SKYA pAND-iTA kUN-DGA' RGYAL-MTShAN/ WHO
         JOURNEYED TO kAN-SU TO ThE cOURT OF gODAN -iN 1244 a.d./
         AND REACHED ThE pR-iNCE'S CAMP -iN iz47 a.d. sCHM-iDT/
         gESCH. D. oST-mONGOLEN. sT. pETERSBURG/ i829/ PP.LLO-113)
         HAV-iNG BEEN APPO-iNTED COMMANDER/ ARR-iVED ThERE. wHEN HE
         SE-iZED ThE HAND O~ SgOM-PA ~AK-R-iN/ A ShOWER OF STONES FELL
         FROM ThE SKY. dOR-TA -iNQU-iREDH "wHAT WAS -iT?" AND ThEY
         REPL-iEDH "yOU SE-iZED SgOM PA WHO BELONGS TO ThE sON OF
         i;~AM/ AND ~HE sON OF ~AM BECAME D-iSPLEASED. tHE D-iS-
         PLEASURE OF ThE sON OF ~AM CAUSED ThE D-iSPLEASURE OF HEAVEN/
         AND ThEREFORE STONES WETE ThROWN." wOR-TA -iNQU-iRED '~wHAT
         -iS HE (~AM-BU) DO-iNG?"--'~tHE sON OF i-i~AM DOES NOT T-iLL
         ThE SO-iL. oThERS PRESENT OFFER-iNGS -iNTO H-iS HANDS/ AND HE -iS
         MA-iNTA-iN-iNG A MONAST-iC CONGREGAT-iON." (hEAR-iNG Th-iS) Th-iS
         W-iCKED PERSON BECAME VERY QU-iET/ AND H-iS TROOPS ALSO QU-iETED
         DOWN/ EVEN MORE SO ThAN A CARAVAN OF TRADERS. hENCEFORTh
         ThE M~LRDER OF MEN AND ThE BURN-iNG OF TEMPLES DECREASED
         EXCEPT FOR M-iNOR OFFENCES. tHUS HE CONTROL~ED ThE S-iTUAT-iON
         BY ThE POWER OF H-iS CONCENTRAT-iON AND ThE MONASTETY OF 'bT-i-
         KHUN PTOSPERED GREATLY AND BECAME FAMOUS AS A MONASTERY
         OF 180/000 -iNMATES (kHR-i-TShO BCO-BRGYAD). aBOUT ThAT
         T-iME SOME PERSONS 5-iDED W-iTh G~HUN r-iN-PO-CHE/ AND D-iD NOT
         RESPECT H-iM/ SO HE SA-iDH ~nOW i ShALL GO !" AND PUT UP H-iS
         TENT ON ThE PLA-iN S-iTUATED BELOW (ThE MONASTERY). G~UN PER-
         CE-iVED Th-iS FROM ThE PLACE OF H-iS RET-iREMENT/ AND UNDERSTOOD
         ThE MATTER. hE (G~UN) SUDDENLY -iNTERRUPTED H-iS RET-iREMENT
         AND BEGGED SpYAN-SNA r-iN-PO-CHE To STAY ON/ BUT ThE LATTER
         D-iD NOT AGREE. tHEN G~UN TOOK AN OAThH "nOW/ EVEN -iF
         PEOPLE WERE TO SAY ThAT YOU WERE AL-iVE -iN iND-iA/ i WOULD
         NEVER SMELL ThE ABBOT'S CHA-iR" (MEAN-iNG ThAT HE WOULD NE~ER
         OCCUPY TBE CHA-iR/ WH-iLE SpYAN-SNA WAS AL-iVE). SpYAN-SNA-BA
         SA-iDH ~nOW/ i ShALL NEVER GO AWAY/ EVEN -iF i WERE To BE
         EXPELLED BY N-iNE MAG-iSTRATES !" SAY-iNG SO/ HE REMA-iNED -iN
         'bR-i-KHUN. h-iS LABOURS ENCOMPASSED ThE WHOLE O~ t-iBET/
         hE BU-iLT TWO CA-iTYAS OUT OF PREC-iOUS STONES -iN ThE STYLE OF A
                                                                          p.579
         SGO-MANS (A SGO-MANS -iS ONE OF ThE E-iGHT K-iNDS OF CA-iTYAS)
         AND SAT-iSF-iED W-iTh ThE dOCTT-iNE ALL ThE HOLY MEN OF iND-iA AND
         t-iBET/ SUCH AS lHA-GDON-BA AND OThERS. hE PASSED AWAY AT
         ThE AGE OF 81/ -iN ThE YEAR wOOD-fEMALE-hARE (S-iN-MO-
         YOS--1~5/5 a.d.) ON ThE ã¹8Th DAY O~ ThE i iTLL MONTh. oN
         ThE CREMAT-iON OF H-iS REMA-iNS/ NUMEROUS REL-iCS WERE RECOVERED
         (~ROM ThE AShES). h-iS D-iSC-iPLES/ -iN ORDER TO FULF-iL H-iS W-iLL
         ERECTED A BEAUT-iFUL CA-iTYA -iN ThE STYLE OF A SgO-MANS fROM
         ThAT DAY/ ThE COUNTRY ENJOYED HAPP-iNESS. aMONG H-iS D-iSC-iPLES
         WEREH RgYAL-BA r-iN-PO-CHE/ B~U-GN-iS-PA/ G~UN r-iN-PO-CHE/
         RgYAL-BA yAN-DGON-PA/ RgYAL-SRAS tHOG-KHA-BA/ r-iN-P~-CHE
         gRAGS-BSOD/ r-iN-PO-CHE GtER-RGYAL-BA/ SpYAN-SNA SgO-MANS-PA/
         S~E-MDO/ ThE aLL-KNOW-iNG/ AND MANY OThETS. r-iN-PO-CHE
         gRAGS-BSOD-PA WAS A SON OF DBoN sES-RAB RGYAL AND ThE ELDEST
         BROThER OF RgYAL-BA. hE POSSESSED VAR-iOUS SUPERNATURAL
         POWERS/ SUCH AS PRESC-iENCE/ ThE FACULTY OF MAN-iFEST-iNG H-iM-
         SELF/ ETC. hE BECAME KNOWN AS DBoN-PO ~AR-GL-iN-PA. lATER/
         HE FOUNDED zLA-DGON AT sA-SOD -iN ThE VALLEY OF R~O CHU/ AND
         LABOURED CONT-iNUOUSLY. tHUS HE DEPOS-iTED MONEY -iN SUPPOTT
         OF ThE HERM-iTS OF tSA-T-i/ AND Th-iS PRACT-iCE CONT-iNUES T-iLL ThE
         PRESENT DAY. SgO-MANS-PA. hE BECAME KNOWN AS SgO-
         M~NS-PA/ BECAUSE OF H-iS ACT-iNG AS SUPERV-iSOR (ZAL-BRDA MDZAD-
         PA) OF ThE SgO-MANS. hE DEVELOPED NUMEROUS FACULT-iES/ FOR
         EXAMPLE/ WHEN WE WENT FOR MED-iTAT-iON TOWARDS t-i-SE (kA-iLASA)/
         AND WAS LEFT W-iThOUT PROV-iS-iONS ON ThE ROAD/ HE PETCE-iyED A
         DEAD CORPSE OF A FEM~LE-YAK LEeT ThERE BY A LOCAL DE-iTY (GZ-i-
         BDAG). hE TOOK UP TES-iDENCE AT SgOS-LUR; AND GTEAT WAS ThE
         BENEF-iT FOR L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS. TgYAL-BA r-iN-PO CHE WAS BOTN AS
         SON OF FAThER yON-CHEN sANS-RGYAS-SKYABS AND MOThER yE-SES
         'TShO-RGYAL -iN ThE YEAR wATER-fEMALE-hOG (CHU-M~PHAG--
         L203 a.d.). aT ThE AGE OF 15/ HE RECE-iVED ORD-iNAT-iON -iN ThE
         PRESENCE OF ThE UPADHYAYA StON-P~ AND ThE ACARYA lAN-PA/
         AND WAS G-iVEN ThE NAME OF gRAGS-PA BRTSON-'GRUS. aT ThE AGE
         OF 16/ HE PROCEEDED TOWARDS DBuS. lORD SpYAN-SR;A HAy-iNG
         BLESS~D LL-iM/ ~ SP-iR-iTUAL REAL-iZ~T-iON WAS BORN -iN H-iM. aT ThE AGE
         OF 19/ HE CAME TO 'L~R-i-KHLL-i; AND REC~-iVED F-iN~L MONAST-iC ORD-i-
                                                                          p.580
         NAT-iON -iN ThE PRESENCE OF ThE UPADHYAYA StON-PA/ ThE KARMA-
         ACARYA ~AR-GL-iN-PA AND ThE sECRET pRECEPTOR yU-DAM-PA. aFTER
         ThAT HE PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON AND DEVELOPED OCCULT POWERS.
         aT ThE AGE OF 33/ -iN ThE YEAR wOOD-fEMALE-sHEEP (S-iN-MO-
         LUG--1235 a.d.) HE OCCUP-iED ThE ABBOT'S CHA-iR. tH-iS WAS (7~H)
         ThE YEAR FOLLOW-iNG ThE COM-iNG OF ThE lORD SpYAN-SNA TO 'bR-i-
         KHUN. hE SPENT 33 YEARS (AT 'bR-i-KHUN). oN ONE OCCAS-iON
         WHEN L-iGHTN-iNG STRUCK H-iM/ HE WRAPPED -iT -iNTO H-iS REL-iG-iOUS
         MANTLE/ AND NO HARM RESULTED; AFTER Th-iS HE BECAME KNOWN
         AS tLLOG-RDUGS PA (~'l-iGHTN-iNG-PROOF"~. hAV-iNG HEARD ABOUT
         ThE FAME OF H-iS ACCOMPL-iShMENTS/ K-iNG hULA FROM StOD
         (wEST t-iBET) PRESENTED ON ThREE OCCAS-iONS GREAT OFFER-iNGS TO
         H-iM. fURThER/ ThE K-iNGS O~ s-iNGHA-GL-iR; (cEYLON)/ t-i-RA-HU-T-i
         (t-iRHUT) AND yA-TShE (wEST t-iBET/ lADAK) ALSO SENT NUMEROUS
         O~ER-iNGS TO H-iRN. hE PASSED -iNTO ThE sPHERE OF pUR-iTY ON
         ThE i 8Th DAY OF ThE YEAR f-iRE-fEMALE-hARE (ME-MO-YOS--i 267
         a. d.) AT ThE AGE OF 65. oN ThE CREMAT-iON OF H-iS REMA-iNS/
         A ShOWER OF FLOWERS FELL/ T~O GREAT L-iGHTS APPEARED/ AND SOME
         SA-iD ThAT ThREE SUNS WERE SEEN Sh-iN-iNG. oN RWO OCCAS-iONS H-iS
         BODY (WAS HEARD) UTTER-iNG WORDS. dUR-iNG ThE CREMAT-iON/
         NUMEROUS REL-iCS/ SUCH AS A S~PA OF mAHABODH-i/ ThE FOUR COR-
         NERS OF WH-iCH WERE ADORNED W-iTh REL-iCS/ WERE RECOVERED (FROM
         ThE AShES). hE HAD NUMEROUS D-iSC-iPLES/ SUCH AS ThE S-iDDHA
         SmON-LAM-'BAR/ WHO WAS REPUTED TO HAVE BEEN ABLE TO TRANS-
         FORM BLOOD -iNTO M-iLK/ AND PERFORM OThER M-iRACLES. G~UR;
         B~HU-GN-iS-PA WAS BORN TO RgYAL-BA r-iN-PO-CHE. RdOR-R-iN-PA
         WAS BORN TO GtER-RGYAL r-iN-PO-CHE. B~U-GN-iS-PA (S~CALLED
         AFTER ThE MONTh DUR-iNG WH-iCH H-iS MEMOR-iAL SERV-iCE WAS
         OBSERVED BY ThE -iNMATES) WAS KNOWN AS A RE-iNCARNAT-iON OF ThE
         pREC-iOUS 'gRO-MGON (pHAG-MO-GRU-PA). hE WAS BORN -iN ThE
         YEAR eARTh-mALE-t-iGER (SA-PHO-STAG--1218 a. d.) AND WAS
         ORDA-iNED BY ThE ACARYA nAM-'GAG-PA/ AND RECE-iVED ThE NAME
         OF r-iN-CHEN RDO-R~E. aT ThE AGE OF 2z/ HE PTOCEEDED TOWARDS
         DBuS/ AND NLET ThE lORD SpYAN-SNA. aT ThE AGE OF 25/ HE
         TOOK ~LP F-iNAL MONAST-iC ORD-iNAT-iON FROM ThE UPADHYAYA ~AN-
         SE-GSEB/ ThE SECOND/ ThE ACARYA yAR-KHAN-PA AND ThE sECRET
                                                                          p.581
         pTECEPTOR StOD-LUNS PA. aFTET Th-iS KE HEARD ThE COMPLETE
         DOCTT-iNE OF ThE BkA'-BTGYUD-PA SECT FROM ThE lORD (SpYAN-
         SR;A). t-iLL ThE AGE OF 12/ HE MADE ThE VOW NOT TO PLACE H-iS
         HEAD ON A P-iLLOW/ AND PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON. hE PERCE-iVED
         ThAT ALL Th-iNGS POSSESSED ONE L~AVOUR. aT ThE PASS-iNG OF ThE
         lORD (SpYAN-SNA-BA)/ HE RECE-iVED ThE LATTER'S BLESS-iNG AND H-iS
         UNDERSTAND-iNG BECAME PER~ECT. a~TER ThAT HE HEARD FROM
         RgYAL-BA ThE REMA-iN-iNG PART OF ThE H-iDDEN PRECEPTS. aT ThE
         AGE OF 50/ HE CAME TO ThE ABBOT'S CHA-iR -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-
         fEMALE hARE (ME-N~O-YOS--L267 a. d ) AND OCCUP-iED -iT FOR
         14 YEATS. hE WAS AN EXPERT -iN CONSECRAT-iON AND AUSP-iC-iOUS (78A)
         R-iTES/ AND POSSESSED AN UN-iMPEDED PRESC-iENCE. aFTET HE HAD
         PRAYED BEFORE ThE -iMAGE OF DgRA-NAG (kALA-YAMAR-i) ERECTED
         BY pU-HRANS lO-CHUN/ HE QUELLED ThE D-iSTURBANCE OF ThE
         SOUThERN COUNTRY (lHO). SmAN-LUN-PA/ RdOR tHEG-PA AND
         DBoN tHUN-R-i-PA PERCE-iVED ThE pREC-iOUS oNE AS hERUKA/
         hAYAGRLVA/ mA-iTREYA AND OThER DE-iT-iES. iMMED-iATELY AFTER
         H-iS APPO-iNTRNENT AS ABBOT/ HE H-iMSELF ERECTED ThE MATCHLESS
         CA-iTYA -iN ThE STYLE OF A SgO-MANS -iN ORDER TO FULF-iLL ThE W-iLL
         OF RgYAL-BA r-iN-PO-CHE. iT WAS ThE F-iRST OF ThE SgO-MANS -iN
         Th-iS MONASTERY. hE PASSED AWAY AT ThE AGE OF 63 ON ThE F-iRST
         DAY O~ ThE 1 2Th MONTh OF ThE YEAR iTON-mALE-dRAGON (iCAGS
         PHO-'BRUG--i 280 a. d.). iN ThE SAME YEAR 'gRO-MGON
         'pHAGS-PA ALSO PASSED AWAY. oN ThE CREMAT-iON OF H-iS REMA-iNS/
         -iMAGES OF sARNVARA/ hAYAGRLVA/ tARA AND aVALOK-iTESVARA/ AS
         WELL AS NUMEROUS OThER REL-iCS/ WERE RECOVERED (FROM ThE AShES).
         aMONG H-iS NUMEROUS D-iSC-iPLES/ ThE MAHA-UPADHYAYA kUN-
         GSAL-BA CALLED r-iN-CHEN EGYAL-PO WHO WAS- SA-iD TO HAVE BEEN
         S-iM-iLAR -iN ThE PTESAGES OF ~R-iS TNED-iTAT-iON TO ThE wENERABLE
         m-iD-LA/ BUT BECAUSE HE HAD STAYED A ShORTER T-iME -iN A HERM-i-
         TAGE/ (A~TER ThE CREMAT-iON OF H-iS REMA-iNS) A HANDFUL OF BONES
         WAS LEFT BEH-iND WHEREAS ThE wENERABLE m-iD-~A LEFT NO REMA-iNS
         (AFTER ThE CREMAT-iON OF H-iS BODY)/. e~TThER/ AMONG H-iS D-iS-
         C-iPLES WEREH ThE ACATYA StON-NAG AND OThERS/ ALSO r-iN-PO-CHE
         gRAGS PA yE-SES-PA. tHE FOUR SONS OF kHRO-BO 'BAN/ SON OF
         DpON MgRON-PO-RGYAL WEREH r-iN-CHEN SES-TAB/ r-iN-PO-CHE-PA/
                                                                          p.582
         G~-iS-MCHOD-PA ALLD DBoN r-iN-CHEN-SKYABS. r-iN-PO-CHC
         gRAGS-YE WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR iRON-mALE-mOUSE (iCAGS-PHO-
         BY-i-BA--1240 a. d.). iN H-iS YOUTh HE MET ThE lORD SpYAN-
         SNA-BA. hE LEARNT READ-iNG AND WR-iT-iNG AT ThE MONASTERY O~
         zLA-DGON/ AFTER WH-iCH/ ON -iNSTRUCT-iONS OF RgYAL-BA/ HE PRO-
         CEEDED TO pHAG-MO-GRU/ AND TECE-iVED ORD-iN~T-iON. hE ATTEN
         T-iVELY L-iSTENED TO ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE dOCTR-iNE/ AND ThEN
         PROCEEDED TO sA-SKYA TO 'gRO-MGON 'pHAGS-PA. hE BECAME
         KNOWN AS A VERY W-iSE MAN/ BECAUSE HE WAS ABLE TO LEARN BY
         HEART EVERY MORN-iNG TEXTS OF TL E LENGTh OF ThE pRAJNAPARAM-iTA-
         SANCAYAGAThA (MdO SDUD-PA)/ AFTER READ-iNG ThEM ONCE ONLY.
         aT ThE AGE OF 12/ HE HEARD ThE EXPOS-iT-iON O~ ThE H-iDDEN
         dOCTT-iNE/ AND PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON. aT ThE AGE OF 42/ -iN
         ThE YEAR iTON-fEMALE-sERPENT (iCAGS-MO-SBRUL--12~1 a. d.)/
         HE OCCUP-iED ThE CHA-iR/ AND REN~A-iNED ABBOT FOR E-iGHT YEARS.
         hE PASSED AWAY AT ThE AGE OF 49/ -iN ThE YEAT eARTh-mALE-
         mOUSE (S~-PHO-BY-i-BA--1288 a.d.). dUR-iNG Th-iS iRON-sETPENT (78 B)
         (iCAG~SBTUL--i 28 i a.d.) YEAR/ ThE 'YEAR OF gRA~S-YE'S COM-iNG
         TO ThE ABBOT'S CHA-iR/ mONGOL TROOPS -iNVADED t-iBET/ AND
         ATTACKED bYA-ROG RDZON/ tHE DpON CHEN kUN-DGA' BZAN-PO
         WAS K-iLLED BY ThE - mONGOLS. iN ThE YEAT wATER-hORSE (CHU-
         RTA--1282 a.d.) WH-iCH FOLLOWED -iTJ ThE MAHAS-iDDHA u-RGYAN-
         PA DREW ThE cHRONOLOG-iCAL tABLES O~ ThE dOCTR-iNE (BStAN-
         RTS-iS) AT BsAM-YAS. tHE MAHAS-iDDBA'S COM-iNG To Gd~N-SA
         tHEL ALSO FALLS -iN ThE T-iME OF r-iN-PO-CHE gRAGS~E-PA. iT WAS
         A sHEEP YEAR (LUGLO--1283 a.d.)/ ThE Th-iRD YEAR S-iNCE gRAGS-
         YE-PA'S COM-iNG TO ThE CHA-iT. iN ThAT YEAR kAR-MA PA-S-i
         PASSED AWAY/ AND sA~R~GS-SEN-BA WAS BORN. iN ThE NEXT
         YEAR/ wOOD aPE (~-iN SPRE--1284 a.d.) rAN-BYUN RD~R~E
         WAS BORN.
            r-iN-PO-CHE G~;L-iS-MCHOD-PA WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR iRON-
         mALE-dOG (iCAG~PHO-KHY-i-BA_ 1250 a.d.). wHEN HE WAS
         S-iX/ lOTD SpYAN-SNA D-iED. aT ThE AGE OF 12/ HE ATTENDED
         CLASS~S ON REL-iG-iON/ AND ON ORD-iNAT-iON/ TECE-iVED ThE NAME OF
         gRAGS-PA T-iN-CHEN. aT ThE AGE OF 40/ -iN ThE YEAR -eARTh-
         fEMALE-oX (SA-MO-GLAN--i 289 a.d.)/ HE BECAME ABBOT/ AND
                                                                          p.583
         OCCUP-iED (ThE CHA-iR) FOR 2~ YCATS. t-i-SRL (t-i-Sh-iH) gRAGS-'OD
         AND RgYALBU OFFERED H-iM ThE OFF-iC-iAL HAT KNOWN AS TBE ~t-iGER
         HEAD" (STAG-MGO-GNAN-BA). tHUS HE BECAME TOTh tEACBCT AND
         O~-iC-iAL. iN ThE SECOND YEAR OF H-iS COM-iNG TO ThE MON~STERY/
         -iN ThE iRON-mALE-t-iGER (iC2GS-PHO-STAG--~ ~GO a.d.) ThE sA-
         SKYA-PAS ATTACKED 'bR-i-KHUN. aLSO DUR-iNG B-iS T-iMC ThE BEAUT-i-
         FUL GOLDEN ROOFS OF ThE eASTERN AND wESTCRN C~-iTYAS (SKU-'BUM)
         WERE PRESENTED BY ThE K-iNG OF lADAK (yA-TShE)/ ~ND HC BECAME
         KNOWN AS SpYAN-SNA/ ~tHC gOLDCN rOOFED." hE PASSED
         AWAY AT ThE AGE OF 61 ON ThC 23RD DAY OF ThE Th-iRD MONTh OF
         ThE YEAR iRON-mALE-dOG ~iCAGS-PHO-KHY-i--1310 a.d.). wHEN
         HE WAS TES-iD-iNG AT ThE MONASTERY/ HE WAS MET BY dUN-MTShO
         RAS-PA (A VE~Y FAMOUS GTER-BTON).
            tShES-BZ-i RN-iN-MA-BA WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR wATER-fEMALC-
         sCRPENT TCHU-MO-SBRUL--i 293 a.d.) AS SON OF DpON r-iN-CHCN-
         SKYABS AND ~AN-LCAM-MA. h-iS MOThER HAD MAN~ AUSP-iC-iOUS
         DREAMS. iN H-iS YOUTh HE RECE-iVED ORD-iNAT-iON -iN ThE PRESENCE
         OF ThE UPADHYAYA tShUL-DAT AND ThE ACATYA ;~AN-BTSUN pU-
         HRANS-P~/ AND WAS G-iVEN ThE NAME OF gRAGS-PA TGYAL-MTShAN.
         tH-iS UPADHYAYA tShUwAR WAS ThE SUPEN-iSOR (ZAL-NO) OF kUN- -
         DGA' RA-BA (ARAMA. iN ANC-iENT T-iMES ThE TERM kUN-DGA' RABA
         DES-iGNATED A PLACE BCLONG;NG TO A PR-iEST-K-iNG. eVEN NOWADAYS
         ThE dALA-i lAMA'S pALACE -iN ThE MONASTERY OF 'bTAS-SPUNS -iS
         CALLED kUN-DGA' RA-BA). DBoN-PO G;~ON-NU BZAN-PO WAS H-iS
         NEPHCW/ AND ThEREFORE CALLED DBoN-PO. hE OBTA-iNED -iNSTTUC-
         T-iONS -iN ThE dOCTR-iNE FROM G~-iS-MCHOD-PA. tHE BLA-MA lHA- -
         KHAN-PA OPCNED ThE GATC OF REL-iG-iON (FOR H-iM). hE HEARD
         FROM ThE BLA-MA bRAG-PA r-iN-CHEN ThE R-iTES OF PROP-iT-iAT-iONS OF (79~)
         ThE rEL-iG-iOUS pTOTCCTOTS. tHC BLA-MA DEL-iVETED TO H-iM A PRO-
         PHECY/ SAY-iNGH ~'a rEL-iG-iOUS pTOTECTOT (CHOS-SKYON/ DHATMA-
         PALA) W-iLL BC ATTACHED TO YOU ! " hE HCATD A DETA-iKD EXPOS-i-
         T-iON OF ThE BkA'-BTGYUD PTCCEPTS FTOM ThE BLA-MA t-i-SE-BA
         dAR-MA RGYAL-PO AND OThETS. hE BECAME ABBOT (OF GdAN-SA
         tHEL) -iN ThE YEAR iRON-dOG (iCAGS-KHY-i--1310 a.d.)/ AGCD 18.
         t-iLL ThE AGE OF 51/ HE MA-iNTA-iNED CLASSES. hE FORETOLD (FUTURC
         EVENTS) TO ThE NOMADS OF pRA-T-i-BA ~ND t-i-SC-BA/ aT ThC T-iTNE
                                                                          p.584
         OF H-iS DEATh/ DAK-iNiS WERE SEEN COM-iNG TO RCCE-iVE H-iN1/ AND H~
         WAS SEEN BE-iNG CART-iED OUT ON A L-iON-Th~ONE. hE D-iED AT ThE
         AGE OF 68 ON ThE 3RD DAY OF ThE TENTh MONTh OF ThE YEAR
         iRON-mALE mOUSE (iCAGS-PH~BY-i-BA--L360 a.d.). oN ThE
         CREMATLON O~ H-iS REMA-iNS/ NUMEROUS REL-iCS WERE RCCOVERED (FROM
         ThE AShES). h-iS BEST D-iSC-iPLE WAS B~U-GN-iS r-iN-P~CHE. h-iS
         EATL-iEST D-iSC-iPLES WERE A BLA-MA NAMED MkHAR-ThOG PA WHO
         FOR 12 YEARS ENGAGED -iN PROP-iT-iAT-iONS AND POSSESSED ThE FACULTY
         OF PRESC-iENCE/ ThE BLA-MA SnA'U-PA/ RdOR-'DZ-iN sANS-RGYAS RGYAL-
         MTShAN/ WHO POSSESSED ThE UNDERSTAND-iNG OF ThE nON-
         MAN-iFESTED (APRAPANCA/ SPROS-BRAL)/ ThE BLA-MA NAMED MgON-
         GZON-~)A WHO HAD A V-iS-iON OF mAHAKALA (yE-SES MGON-PO) AND
         OThERS. aMONG H-iS LATER D-iSC-iPLES WERE ONE NAMED MtShUNS-
         MED r-iN-GZON-PA/ WHO BECAME ThE MASTER OF ThE mED-iTA~H-iVE
         l-iNEAGE/ AND MANY OThERS. B~U-GN-iS GSAT-MA-BAH oF ThE
         ThREE soiLs BORN TO MOThER kHR-i-SMON-MA 'bUM-SKY-iD AND
         FAThER DpON r-iN-CHEN-SKYABS--tA-I S-i-TU/ B~U-GN-iS GSAR-MA
         AND dRUN BsOD-NAMS BZAN-PO/ gRAGS-SE-BA (B~U-GN-iS GSAR-MA)
         WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAT iRON-mALE-dOG (iCAGS-PHO-KHY-i--
         1310 a.d.)H aT ~HE T-iMC (OF H-iS B-iRTh) NUMERO~LS AUSP-iC-iOUS
         S-iGNS WERE OBSERVED/ SUCH ~S ThE APPEARANCE OF ~OWERS ON ~
         D~Y TREE/ ETC. aT ThE AGE OF 8/ HE PROCEEDED TO tHEL (Gd~N-
         SA tHEL). aT ThE AGE OF 9/ HE RECE-iVED ORD-iNAT-iON -iN ThE
         PRESENCE OF ThE MAHA-UPADHYAYA GyUN-DRUN BsOD-NAMS
         AND ThE ACARYA DbAN-BSOD. hE WAS G-iVEN ThE NAME OF gRAGS-
         P~ SES-RAB. fRSM tShES-BZ-i-PA HE HEARD ThE COMPLETE EXPLANA-
         T-iON OF ThE dOCTR-iNE. aT ThE AGE OF 20/ HE RECE-iVED F-iNAL
         MONAST-iC ORD-iNAT-iON FROM ThE mAHA-UPADHYAYA sEN-RGVAL-BA. hE
         ALSO HEARD (TLLE EXPOS-iT-iON) OF ThE dOCTR-iNE FROM ThE d6ARMAS-
         VAM-iN BlA-MA dAM-PA/ bU-STON r-iN-PO-CHE/ RgYAL SRAS tLLOGS-
         MED-PA AND OThERS. aT SnA-M~RDZON -iN uPPET yAR-KLUL-iS HE (7GB)
         REC-iTED ThE iNANTRA OF ThE rEL-iG-iOUS pROTECTOR FOR io/auo/auc
         T-iMES. hE WAS ALSO KNO~LL TO POSSESS ThE ~ACULTY OF P~E-
         SC-iENCE. dUR-iNG H-iS PRE~CH-iNG O.F ThE C-iTTOTPADA R-iTE/ ON
         MANY OCCAS-iONS ShOWE~S OF FLOWERS FELL. aT ThE ~-iGE OF
         51/ -iN ThE YEAR iRON-mOUSE (iCAGS-BY-i--L360 a.d.)/ HE CAME
                                                                          p.585
         TO ThE CHA-iR (OF GdAN-SA tL EL)/ AND OCCUP-iED -iT FOR 1 i YEATS.
         hE D-iED AT ThE AGE O~ 61 ON ThE 13Th DAY OF ThE GTh MONTh
         OF ThE YEAR iRON-mALE-dOG (iCAGS-PHO-KHY-i--i 370 a.d.).
         tShE-BZ-i GSAR-MA-BAH tWO SONS--RgYAL-SRAS gRAGS-R-iN-PA AND
         tShE-BZ-i-PA WERE BORN ~O dRUN-R-iN RDOR-BA AND z-i-NA-BkTA-
         S-iS-SKY-iD. oF TLLE TWO--tShE-BZ-i-PL WAS BOTN -iN ThE YEAR
         f-iTE-mALE-aPE (ME-MO-SPRE'U--1356 a.d.). (tHE PA~ENTS)
         -iNV-iTED ThE iNAHA-UPADHYAYA sAN-R-iN-PA/ WHO SAW A BEAM O~
         L-iGHT FROM ThE -iNS-iDE OF ThE PALACE OF bHA-iSAJYAGURU TOUCH-iNG
         (ThE CH-iLD'S) BODY/ AND DEL-iVERED AN AUSP-iC-iOUS PROPHECY.
         s-iNCE H-iS FOURTh YEAR/ HE LEARNED READ-iNG AND WR-iT-iNG. aFTER
         OBTA-iN-iNG FROM RgYAL-SRAS gRAGS-R-iN-PA ThE PERM-iSS-iON (LUN)
         TO READ ThE BRtAG-GN-iS (hEVAJRA-tANTRARAJA/ kG. RgYUD-'BUM/
         nOS. 417-8)/ HE STUD-iED -iT. aT ThE AGE OF 12/ HC TOOK UP
         ThE UPASAKA VOWS AND RECE-iVED ThE NAME OF gRAGS-PA BYAN-
         CHUB. hE HEARD ThE EXPOS-iT-iON O~ ThE ~s-iX dOCTT-iNES" OF
         nA-RO/ AND WAS -iN-iT-iATED BY ThE ACARYA tShUL-RGYAL-BA W-iTh
         ThE HELP OF ThE BRL~A-BZ-i (ThE fOUR sYMBOLS OF ThE FOUR
         -iN-iT-iAT-iON STAGES OF wAJRAVARAH~). a~TER ThAT HE PREACHED
         ThE hEVAJRA-tANTRA (BRtAG-GN-iS) AT RtSES-ThAN. aT ThE AGE
         OF 15/ HE WAS ORDA-iNED -iN ThE PRESENCE OF DpAL-LDAN BLA-MA
         dAiN-PA AND ThE MAHA-UPADHYAYA G~ON-DBAN. lATER HC
         RECE-iVED T~.E F-iNAL MONAST-iC ORD-iNAT-iON FROM H-iS FORMER UPA-
         DHYAYA AND ACARYA/ AND ThE ACARYA tShU-i-RGYAL-BA ACTED AS
         sECRET pRECEPTOR. aT ThE AGE OF 16/ HE CAME TO ThE CHA-iR
         (AT GdAN-SA tHEL). fROM ThE AGE OF i 9/ FOR E-iGHT YEARS/ HE
         ACTED AS pRECEPTOT AND OTF-iC-iAL. wH-iLE STAY-iNG AT RtSE (NAME
         OF A PALACE. tH-iS CAN ALSO MEAN '~AT ThE PALACE~LTtSERL)
         HE PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON AND D-iD NOT ATTEND ON WORLDLY AF~A-iTS.
         hE OCCUP-iED ThE OF~-iCE FOR S-iXTEEN YEARS. hE HEARD MANY
         DOCTR-iNES ~ROM RgYAL-SRAS tHOGS-MED-PA (RgYAL-SRAS tHOGS-
         MED-PA/ A D-iSC-iPLE OF bU-STON/ FAMOUS FOR H-iS CONFESS-iON)/
         ThE LO-CHEN bYAN RTSA AND OThERS. hE HA~L V-iS-iONS OF aVALO-
         K-iTESVATA AND sAMVARA/ AND POSSESSED ThE FACULTY OF PRESC-iENCE.
         tHE BLA-MA SL~E-ThAN-PA AND BkRA-S-iS SEN-GE-BA SAW mA-iTREYA
         S-iTT-iNG ON ThE CROWN OF ThE dHARM;LSV~NL-iN'S HEAD/ AND ThE
                                                                          p.586
         PR-iEST OF ThE CHAPEL SAW H-iM AS aVALOK-iTESVARA. aT ThE AGE (80A)
         OF 31/ HE PASSED AWAY ON ThE F-iFTh DAY OF ThE SECOND MONTh
         OF ThE YEAR f-iRE-mALE-t-iGER (ME-PHO-STAG--1386 a.d.)/ iN
         Th-iS YEAR ThE tWENTY-sECOND dHARMASVAM-iN (gHOS-S~E NER-
         GN-iS-PA) WAS BORN. aT H-iS DEATh/ A ShOWER OF T~OWERS FELL/
         AND MANY REL-iCS WERE RECOVERED (~ROM ThE AShES). tHE wENE-
         RABLE tSON-KHA-PA/ ThE gREAT/ ALSO BECAME A D-iSC-iPLE OF H-iS/
         AND HEARD FROM H-iM ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF MANY SECRET DOCTR-iNES/
         SUCH AS ThE "s-iX dOCTR-iNES" (OF nA-RO) AND OThERS. pLEASED
         W-iTh H-iM/ tSOR-i-KHA-PA COMPOSED H-iS L-iFE-STORY/ ENT-iTLED
         ~'RtOGS-BR~OD iHUN-PO" (~tHE mOUNTA-iN OF sTOR-iES"/ A FAMOUS
         POEM -iNCLUDED -iN H-iS ~cOLLECT-iON OF wORKS"). tHE dHAR-
         MASVAM-iN BsOD-GRAGS-PA WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR eARTh-fEMALE-
         hOG (SA-M~PHAG--i359 a.d.) AS SON OF DpON r-iN-RDOR-BA
         AND dO-BRAG-PA DpON-MO R-iN-MTShO. aT ThE AGE OF N-iNE/
         HE TOOK ThE UPASAKA VOWS -iN ThE PRESENCE OF B~HU-GN-iS-PA
         AND HEARD ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE dOCTR-iNE. aFTER ThAT AT
         S-i~E'U-GDON/ HE RECE-iVED ThE NOV-iC-iATE -iN ThE PRESENCE OF ThE
         dHARMASVAM-iN BlA-MA dAM-PA WHO ACTED AS UPADHYAYA/
         AND ThE MAHA-UPADHYAYA G~ON-DBAR;-BA ACT-iNG AS ACARYA.
         aT ThE AGE OF LO/ HE WENT TO RtSES-ThAN/ AND FOR F-iVE
         YEARS OCCUP-iED ThE ABBOT'S CHA-iR. hE PREACHED ThE dOCTR-iNE
         -iN lHA-SA TO AN ASSEMBLY OF KALYAR!A-M-iTRAS. hE RECE-iVED
         ThE F-iNAL MONAST-iC ORD-iNAT-iON -iN CHE PRESENCE OF ThE gREAT
         tRANSLATOR (LO-CHEN) L~YAN-RTSE (bYAR;-CHUB RTSE-MO)/ ThE MAHA-
         UPADHYAYA GH~ON-DBAN-BA AND ThE ACARYA tShUL-RGYAL. hE
         SPENT F-iVE YEARS AT S~E'U-GDON AS A H-iGH CHURCH OF~-iC-iAL
         RTSE-GO-SA). hE CAME TO ThE ABBOT'S CHA-iR OF tHEL (GdAN-SA
         tHEL) -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-mALE-t-iGER (ME-PHO-STAG--1386 a.d.)
         AT ThE AGE OF 28/ AND OCCUP-iED -iT FOR ~O YEARS. hE HEARD
         MANY EXPOS-iT-iONS OF ThE mAHAMUDRA FROM MtShO-DKAR-BA
         AND AN EXCELLENT CONCENTRATED TRANCE WAS BORN -iN H-iM/ tHEN
         HE WAS L-iSTEN-iNG TO ThE REC-iTAT-iON OF ThE R~ES-GNAL-i (ANUJNA/
         AUThOR-iZAT-iON) OF ThE rEL-iG-iOUS pROTECTOR AT ThE FEET OF DpAL-
         LDAN BLA-MA dAM-PA. tHE LATTER SA-iD TO H-iMH '~tH-iS jUN-iOR
         rEL-iG-iOUS pROTEC~OR W-i!L BE ATTACHED TO ThE ACARYA BsOD-GRAGS."
                                                                          p.587
         aCCORD-iNG TO ThESE WORDS/ ThE rEL-iG-iOUS pROTECTOR ATTENDED ON
         H-iNT. oNCE ThE MEN OF ThE kHYUN-PO CLAN ROBBED ThE ABBOT'S
         MESSENGER (GdAN-SA-BA-I PHR-iN-LAS-PA)/ AND TBE BLA-MA MAR-i-
         -iF ESTED H-iS M-iRACULOUS POWERS TO TL E N1EN OF kHYUN-PO. aFTER
         A HEAVY FALL Oe SNOW/ ThE COUNTRYS-iDE BECAME RU-iNED/ AND
         MANY O~ H-iS ENEM-iES ALSO BECAME ~DEST-iTUTE. aFTER HE HAD
         OT~ERED PRAYERS BEFORE T6E -i-iNAGE OF tHUB-YA ~HHU-KHOL-MA/
         WATER BEGAN TO BO-iL -iN uPPER StOD-LUNS. iN ThE NORTh HE
         P-iTCHED H-iS CAMP AT lHOG-TShAN-STER-iS (~PLACE -iNFESTED W-iTh
         PLAGUE")/ BUT NO HARM RESULTED TO MEN AND CATTLE. a MAN
         NAMED SnAR-i SGO-iN WHO HAD PRACT-iSED qiED-iTAT-iON ON ThE
         bUDDH-iST dOCTR-iNE/ BUT WHO USED TO ASSUME -iN H-iS ORD-iNARY
         L-i~E ThE MANNER OF A bON-PO/ AND WAS KNOWN TO POSSCSS ThE
         FACULTY OF PRESC-iENCE/ SAW ThE GODS O~ G~AN tHA-i-i-LHA RECE-iVE (80B)
         h-iS hOL-iNESS 'SpYAN-SL-iA-RLAS). hE ALSO SAW NUMEROUS rEL-iG-i-
         OUS PROTECTORS COM-iNG. fA-iTh WAS BORN -iN H-iM AND HE TOOK
         UP ORD-iNAT-iON. GlAN-L~-iN-PA SAW LL-iM AS A TRUE wAJRADHARA.
         mANY S-iM-iLAR PHENOMENA WERE KNOWN ABOUT H-iM. hE
         REMA-iNED ABBOT ~Oe GdAN-SA tHEL) FOR TWENTY YEARS. aFTER
         ER-iTRUST-iNG ThE CHA-iR (TO H-iS SUCCESSOR)/ HE L-iVED FOR FO.-iR YEARS
         MORE/ AND PASSED AWAY AT ThE AGE OF 50/ -iN ThE YEAR eARTh-
         mALE-mOUSE (SA-PHO-BY-i-BA--L408 a. d.). fREQUENT ShO-
         WERS OF ~QOWERS FELL T-iLL ThE 4GTL1 DAY (A~TER H-iS DEATh). SpYAN-
         S-iLA DpAL-LDAN B~AN-PO-BAH hE WAS ThE ~OURTh SON OF ThE S-iX
         SONS OF FAThER BdAG-PO sAK-R-iN-PA AND MOThER z-i-NA r-iN-CHEN
         'DZOM-PA/ AND WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR wATER-fEMALE-hOG
         (CHU-MO-PHAG--1383 a.d.). aT ThE AGE O~ 3/ HE TOOK UP
         ThE UPASAKA VOWS -iN ThE PRESENCE OF SpYAN-SL-iA gRAGS-BYAL-i-BA
         AND RECE-iVED ThE NAME OF DpAL-LDAN BZAN-PO. aT ThE AGE
         OF N-iNE/ HE STUD-iED ThE hEVAJRA-tANTRA (BRtAG-GN-iS). aT
         TEN/ HE HEARD ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE dOCTR-iNE FROM SpYAN-SNA
         kUN-SPAR-iS PA. hE RECE-iVED ThE NOV-iC-iATE -iN ThE PRESENCE O~
         ThE MAHA-UPADHYAYA gRAGS-RDOR-BA AND ThE ACARYA ~-i-BA-DPAL/
         AND RECE-iVED ThE NA-iNE OF gRAGS-PA BLO-GROS. tHE BLA-MA
         ~HOS-DPAL ~ES-RAB OPENED ThE GATE OF REL-iG-iON FOR LL-iM. aT TL1E
         AGE OF 14/ LLE PREACHED ~T RtSES-ThAL-i ThE hEVLJRA-tANTRA
                                                                          p.588
         (BRtAG-GN-iS). aT ThE AGE O~ 21/ HE ACTED AS SUPERV-iSOR OF
         ThOSE WLLO HAD ENTERED SECLUS-iON. aT ThE AGE OF 22/ HE
         RECE-iVED ThE F-iNAL MONAST-iC VOWS -iN ThE PRESENCE O~ ThC MAHA-
         UPLDHYAYA sAN-BL~BA/ ThE MAHA-UPADHYAYA RgYAL-BZAN-PA/
         ACT-i-i~G AS K~RMA-ACARYA/ AND ThE MAHA-UPADHYAYA DkA'-BCU-PA
         (RgYAL-TShAB ~E?) AS sECTET pRECEPTOR. aT ThE AGE OF 23/
         -iN ThE YE~R wOOD-fEMALE-hEN (S-iN-MO-BYA--L405 a.d.)/ HE
         RECE-iVED ThE T-iTLE O~ SpYAN-SNA. hE HEARD ThE COMPLETE
         PRECEPTS OF ThE BkA'-BRGYUD DOCTR-iNE FROM ThE BLA-CHEN r-iN-
         GZON-PA. fOR TWO YE~RS HE MA-iNTA-iNED AN ASSEMBLY (OF
         PR-iESTS)/ AND ThERE P;LSSED AWAY AT ThE AGE OF 25 ON ThE GTh
         DAY OF ThE TENTh MONTh OF ThE YEAR f-iRE-fEMALE-hOG (M~MO-
         PH;-G--1407 a.d.). SpYAN-SN~ BsOD-NAMS BZAN-P~BA hE
         W~S BOTN -iN ThE YEAR iRON-mALE-aPE (iCAGS-PHO-SPRE'U--1380
         a.d.). hE RECE-iVED ThE UPASAKA VOWS -iN ThE PRESENCE OF
         SpYAN-SN~ gR;LGS-BYAN-BA. hE ALSO OBTA-iNED N~ANY -iNSTRUCT-iONS
         -iN ThE dOCTR-iNE FROM SpYAN-SN~ BsOD-GR~GS-PA. hE~RECE-iVED
         ThE NOV-iC-iATE -iN ThE PRESENCE OF ThE MAHA-UPADHYAYA gRAGS-
         RDOR-BA AND ThE ACARYA tShUL-RGYAL-BA. ~HOS-SG~BA tShUL-
         KHR-iMS BZAN-PO -iN-iT-iATED H-iM -iNTO ThE ~fOUR sYMBOLS" (BRDA- (8
         BZ-i).'g hE STUD-iED ThE hEVAJRA-tANTRA/ AND PREACHED -iT AT
         RtSES-ThAN. hE HEARD MANY -iN-iT-iAT-iONS/ tANTRAS AND PRECEPTS
         FROM SEVERAL TEACHERS/ HEADED BY ThE pREC-iOUS mASTER Bl~BZAH
         GR~GS-PA ~tSON-KHA-PA) AND ThE MAHA-UPADHYAYA BsOT-BZAHS-
         PA. aT ThE AGE O~ 29/ HE CAME TO ThE CHA-iR (OF GdAN-SA
 16. pAD-MA DKAR-PO/-i GSUN-'BUM/ VOL. wLL (~A)/ S~AN-RGYOD-LAS-ZAB MO BRDA-I
     DBAN-G-i CHO-GA/ FOL. 6B/ L-iNE 2H tHE -iN-iT-iAT-iON OF ThE "fOUR sYMBOLS" (BdA-BZ-i)
     BELONGS TO ThE lUS-MED MKHA'-'GRO CHOSH'KHOR BY kAS-CHUN-PA/ AND EXPTESSES TBE
     H-iDDEN MEAN-iNG OF ThE PASSAGEH SM-iN-GROL SEMS-KY-i RGYA-MDUD BS-iG- "OHE MUST
     LOOSEN D-iE iSEALED( KNOT ~F ThE m-iND ThROUGH -iN-iT-iAT-iOH AND GU-iDANCE." L~-iE
     "fOUR sYMBOLS" SREH
     1. ThOD-P~/ OR CR~N-iUM/ SYMBOL-iZ-iNG PUR-iF-iED ORGANS
     2. 'PHREN-B~/ OR ROS~RY/ ~YMBOL-iZ-iNG Th~ CTERNAL SO--iND.
     3. SN~-TShOGS RD~-R~E OR V-iSV~-V~JRA/ SYMBOL-iZ-iNG ThE mHLH.MLLLDR;! OR n~N-
         DLLAL-iTY
     4. DBLL-RGYYAN/ HE~D ORN~MENT/ SYMBOL-iZ-iNG DLE ENERGY OF h~RUKA.
                                                                          p.589
         tHCL) -iN ThE YEAR eARTh-mALE-mOUSE (SA-PH~BY-i-BA--L403
         a. d.). fROM ThE BLA-CHEN r-iN-GZON-PA HE OBTA-iNED AN
         EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE dO~TR-iNE OF ThE BkA' BRGYUD-PA SECT. hE
         RECE-iVED ThE F-iNAL MONAST-iC ORD-iNAT-iON AT BkRA-S-iS dO-KHA
         -iN ThE YEAR eARTh-fEMALE-sHECP (~-iR;-M~LUG--14L5 a. d.)
         -iN ThE PRESENCE OF T6E mASTER BlO BZAN GRAGS-PA (tSOR;-KHA-
         PA)/ ThE MAHA-UPADLLYAYA RgYAL-BZAN PA AND ThE PAN. D-iTA kUN-
         DGA' RGYAL-MTShAN/ WHO ACTED AS sECRET pRECEPTOR (GSAN-STON).
         hE OCCUP-iED ThE ABBOT'S CHA-iR FOR N-iNE YEARS/ AND D-iED AT ThE
         AGE OF 37 ON ThE 28Th DAY OF ThE L2Th MONTh OF ThE YEAR
         wOOD-mALE-aPE (ME-PH~SPRE'U/ ThE TEXT HAS ~WOOD'/ Th-iS
         ShOULD BE CORRECTED TO 'f-iRE'. sEE rE'U-M-iG/ jasb. ii
         -i889/ P. 64--L416 a. d.). tHE dHARMASVAM-iN BsOD-NAMS
         RGYAL-MTShAN DPAL-BZAN-PO WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-mALE-
         t-iGER (ME-PH~STAG--i 386 a. d.) AS ThE F-iFTh OF ThE S-iX SONS
         BORN TO FAThER BdAG-PO ~AKYA r-iN-CHEN-PA AND MOThER z-i-NA
         r-iN-CHEN 'DZOM-PA. hE USE~L TO REST W-iThOUT CLOS-iNG H-iS EYES.
         tHE MAHA-UPADHYAYA DkA-BCU-PA (RgYAL-TShAB R~E?) SA-iDH
         '~tHE BLA-MA 'pHAGS-PA ALSO USED TO REST -iN CH-iLDHOOD W-iThOUT
         DOS-iLLG H-iS EYE." tLLE dHARMASVAM-iN sA-PAL1 SA-iD '~hE
         POSSESSED A STRONG -iNCL-iNAT-iOLL (BAG-CLLAGS) TOWARDS ABL1ASVARA"/
         ~ND ADDEDH ~tHE pRESENCE ALSO POSSESSES A STRONG -iNCL-iAAT-iON
         TOWATDS ABLLASVARA." fROM CH-iLDHOOD LL-iS M-iLLD WAS LUC-iD.
         wHENEVER HE COL1TEMPLATED TL~E SU~ER-iNGS OF OThERS/
         TEARS APPEARED BY ThEMSELVES. aT ThE AGE OF S-iX/ HE
         HEARD ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON R-iTE -iNTO ThE rED yAN1ANTAKA cYCLE
         (G~EN-DMAR/ kG. RgYUD-'BUM/ nOS. 47~-5) FROM ThE
         MAHA-UPADHYAYA sAN-BL~BA. fROM TL~E AGE OF SEVCN/ LLE
         STUD-iED ThE hEVAJRA-tANTRA. aT TL-iE AGE OF 9/ HC WAS ORDA-iNED
         -iN ThE PRESENCE OF ThE MAHA-UPADHYAYA gRAGS-RDOR-BA/ T6E
         ACATYA ;~-i-BA-DPAL AND TLLE ~HOS-SGO-BA ~60S-DPAL ~ES-RAB-PA/
         WHO ACTED AS t-iME-ANNOUNCER (DUS-SGO-BA) DUR-iNG TL~E CERLH-
         MONY. fOT ThREE YEARS HE STUD-iED ThE tANTRAS/ AND WH-iLE
         HE WAS DO-iNG SO/ HE RECE-iVED FROM ThE dL1ARMASVAM-iN lEGS-
         PA-BA ThE C-iTTOTPADA CEREMONY (SEMS BSKYED)/ AND HEARD ThE
         PERM-iSS-iON (LUN) TO READ ThE hEVAJRA-tANTRA TOGEThER W-iTh -iTS
                                                                          p.590
         SUMMARY (BSDUS-DON/ P-iNDATThA) AND NOTES BY 'pHAGS-PA. hE (8iB)
         ALSO HEARD ThE R~ES-GNAN OF yE-S(S MGON-PO/ AS WELL AS ThE
         tShE-DBA-i-i (l-iFE-PROLONGAT-iON R-iTE) FROM ThE dHARMASVAM-iN
         bYA-i-i-RGYAL-BA. hE ALSO OBTA-iNED ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON -iNTO ThE
         ~fOUR sYMBOLS" (BRDA-BZ-i) OF wAJRAVARAHL FROM cHHOS-SGO-BA
         ~HOS-DPAL ~ES-RAB/ ThE BR-iEF EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE ~is-iX dOCTR-iNES"
         OF nA-RO FROM SpYAN-SL-iA BsOD-GRAGS-PA/ ThE T~ES-GNAN OF yE-
         SES MGON-PO (mAHAKALA)/ AN iND-iAN TEXT ACCOMPAN-iED BY
         PRECEPTS CALLED SkU-RAGS-MA AND ThE COLLECT-iON OF wORKS OF
         DpAL pHAG-MO-GRU-PA. fROM ThE MAHA-UPADHYAYA DkA'-
         BCU-PA HE OBTA-iNED ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON -iNTO ThE cYCLE OF ThE
         N-iNE DE-iT-iES OF ThE hEVAJRA SYSTEM/ AS WELL AS ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON
         -iNTO ThE wAJRAMALA AND MANY OThERS. fROM ThE MAHA-
         UPADHYAYA BsOD-BZANS-PA HE HEARD ThE tShE-SGRUB/ ThE
         hAYAGRLVA -iN-iT-iAT-iON AND MANY OThERS. fROM ThE dHARMASVA-
         M-iN bYAN-RGYAL-BA L1E HEARD ThE EXPLANAT-iON OF ~HE CHAPTER ON
         JNANA OF ThE kALACAKRA-tANTRA (ThE 4Th CHAPTER OF ThE tANTRA)/
         ThE SEVEN oRAL pRECEPTS OF ThE pAN-CHEN (sAKYASRL) AND MANY
         OThERS. fROM ~A-LU r-iN-PO-CHE gTAGS-PA RGYAL-MTShAN HE
         HEARD SEVERAL -iLL-iT-iAT-iONS -iNCLUD-iNG ThE yO-GA-I DBAN-MO-CHE
         (~gREAT YOGA"/ -iN-iT-iAT-iON -iNTO ThE wAJRADHATU N1ANDALA) AND
         OThERS. iN PART-iCULAR/ HE COMB-iNED H-iS STUD-iES W-iTh ThE REC-iTA-
         T-iON OF-ThE sA-iNVARA MANTRA (BSNEN-PA--REC-iTAL OF MANTRAS).
         aT ThE AGE OF N-iNE/ HE COMPLETED ThE REC-iTAT-iON OF ThE
         sARNVARA MANTRA FOR 300/000 T-iMES. aT ThE AGE OF 1 L/ HE
         PREACHED AT RtSES-ThAN ThE hEVAJRA-tANTRA. aFTER Th-iS HE
         ATTENDED ON ThE ACARYA ~ER-DON-PA/ STUD-iED W-iTh H-iM ThE
         pRAMANAVART-iKA/ AND BECALNE LEARNED. hE -iNV-iTED NUMEROUS
         SCHOLARS/ -iLLCLUD-iNG RtSE-CHEN-PA gRAGS-YON AND OThERS/ AND
         CONDUCTED W-iTh ThEM PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL D-iSPUTAT-iONS. wHENEVER
         HE F-iN-iShED A D-iSCOURSE/ AND WH-iLE ThEY WERE ENGAGED -iN D-iS-
         PUTAT-iONS/ HE USED TO REC-iTE ThE MANTRA OF ThE rEL-iG-iOUS pRO-
         TECTOR/ AND -iN Th-iS MANNER REC-iTED ThE MANTRA FOR GOOO/OOO
         T-iMES. aT ThE AGE OF 15/ HE -iNV-iTED FROM RtSES-ThAL; ThE
         GREAT tR-iP-iTAKADHARAS OF SkY-i-SOD -iN lL~A-SA/ AND REVOLVED ThE
         wLLEEL OF ThE lAW/ -iN COMPANY W-iTh ABOUT TWO HUNDRED
                                                                          p.591
         tR-iP-iTAKADHARAS AND nYAYAVAD-iNS (r-iGS-PAR SMRA-BA). aT
         TLLAT T-iME RgYAL-BA-I SRAS-PO BdE-'BYUN-BA/ ~HO WAS ThE CLDEST
         AND ThE GREATEST SCHOLAR -iN ThE VALLEY OF SkY-i-SOD/ SA-iD ABOUT
         H-iNL ~'w-iDELY READ -iN ThE p-iTAKA -iS Th-iS BdAG-CHEN '~AM-
         DBYANS-PA/ BUT AS A SCHOLAR HE (BsOD-NAMS RGYAL-MTShAN) -iS
         GREATER"/ AND ThUS PRA-iSED H-iM. aT ThAT T-iME ALSO HE OF~ERED
         MANY D-iF~ERENT K-iNDS OF OBJECTS/ SUCH AS OUTER AND LOWER GAR-
         MENTS TO BOTh ~O AND ~AK (-i.E. ~HE ~O-BO OF rA-MO-CHE AND ThE
         ~O-BO OF lHA-SA). aBOUT ThAT T-iME DUE TO SOME SLANDER/ H-iS (8~A~
         ACARYA ~ER-DON-PA HAD TO GO TO kON-PO TO MkHA'-SPYOD-PA.
         tHEN ThE OFF-iC-iAL APPO-iNTED AS H-iS ACARYA SL~E-ThAN-PA r-iN-
         CHEN RGYAL-BA. wHEN HE WAS SPEND-iNG ThE RECESS (CHOS-BAR)
         AT GsAM-KHAN/ HE MADE A MAG-iC WEAPON AGA-iNST ThE SLANDERER
         (OF H-iS FORMER tEACHER) AND SA-iD ThAT ThE S-iGNS -iN CONNECT-iON
         W-iTh Th-iS WEAPON WERE AUSP-iC-iOUS. hE MADE ThE ACARYA (r-iN-
         CHEN TGYAL-BA) STAY -iN H-iS APARTMENT/ AND ThE DOMEST-iC
         SERVANT DBoN sANS-RGYAS ACCOMPAN-iED H-iM. tHEY ~ED DUR-iNG
         ThE N-iGHT. a HEAVY ShOWER OF RA-iN FELL/ AND HE FELT T-iRED.
         dUR-iNG ThE N-iGHT HE STAYED -iN A CORNER BELOW ThE NARROW PATh
         LEAD-iNG TOWARDS LLAN. eARLY -iN ThE MORN-iNG/ HE DR-iED H-iS
         GARMENTS/ AND CONT-iNUED ThE JOURNEY ON FOOT SO FAR AS H-iS FEET
         COULD CARRY LL-iM. tHEN HE CAME ACROSS pA-S-i RdOR-R-iN R-iD-iNG A
         HORSE/ AND SA-iD TO H-iM ~yOU MUST G-iVE ME Th-iS HORSE'~ AND
         SAY-iNG SO/ HE TOOK ThE HORSE. hE WENT TO yAN-DGON NAN-SO
         -iNTO ThE PRESENCE OF SpYAN-SNA kUN-SPANS-PA WHO CONVERSED
         W-iTh H-iM -iN A BENEVOLEN~ MANNER/ AND FURN-iShED H-iM W-iTh
         CLOThES. hE ThOUGHT ThAT HE ShOULD PRACT-iSE MED-iTAT-iON/ AND
         REMA-iNED AT M~ON-DGA'. hE -iNV-iTED ThE BLA-MA r-iN-GZON-PA
         AND HEARD FROM H-iM ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE dOCTR-iNE/ hE
         PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON W-iThO~-iT LOOSEN-iNG H-iS BELT/ AND HAV-iNG
         T-iED H-iS HA-iR W-iTh A STR-iNG TO A BEAM (ON ThE CE-iL-iNG) -iN ORDER
         TO KEEP H-iS BODY ERECT. hE NLED-iTATED T-iLL H-iS WA-iST BECAME
         SORE/ AND AN EXCELLENT TRANCE WAS BORN -iN H-iM. hE WAS CEN-
         SURED BY gON-MA CHEN PO (ThE gREAT sUPER-iOR/ -i.E. s-i-TU bYAN-
         CHUB RGYAL-MTShAN) AND BECAUSE OF TLL-iS/ H-iS TWO BROThERS HAD
         TO BR-iNG H-iM PROV-iS-iONS SECRETLY/ AFTER CONS~LLT-iNG ThE MONAS-
                                                                          p.592
         TERY'S STEWARD (GNER-BA). aFTER ThE LHLPSE OF TBREE YEARS/ ThE
         dHARMASVARN-iN bYAN-RGYAL-BA -iNTERCEDED ON H-iS BEHALF BEFORE
         ThE gREAT sUPER-iOR AND SUCCEEDED -iN APPEAS-iNG ThE LATTER'S
         WRATh. hE ThEN PRESENTED H-iMSELF BEFORE ThE tEACHER AND
         OFF-iC-iAL (YON-MCHOD). tHE gREAT sUPER-iOR ThOUGHTH ~i ShOULD
         RESTRA-iN H-iM A L-iTTLE !"/ AND SUGGESTED TO ~HHEN-PO yON-R-iN-PA
         TO HOLD A RD-iG-iOUS D-iSPUTAT-iON W-iTh H-iM. tHE dHARMASVAM-iN (8~B)
         WON/ AND gREAT sUPER-iOR SA-iDH ~'yOU GREAT MAN ARE ThE
         GREATEST SCHOLAR -iN ThE COUNTRY OF DBuS/ BUT -iN RESPECT OF ThE
         SO CALLED PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL D-iSPUTAT-iON/ MY tEACHER SEEMS TO BE
         GTEATER." tHE gREAT sUPER-iOR ThEN ThO~GHT ThAT ALL ThE PRE-
         V-iOUS SLANDER MUST HAVE BEEN FALSE/ AND H-iS D-iSPLEASURE D-iS-
         APPEARED. hE WAS PERM-iTTED TO STAY AGA-iN AS D-iSC-iP~E W-iTh
         ThE ACARYA sER-DON-PA/ AFTER WH-iCH HE ~HENT TO GyAN-HR-iL.
         fROM BlA-CHEN-PA HE HEARD ThE REMA-iN-iNG PART OF ThE PRECEPTS
         DUR-iNG CLASSES (HELD BY ThE LATTER). oNE DAY AN UNDERSTAND-iNG
         OF ThE mAH~MUDRA SYSTEM S-iM-iLAR TO HEAVEN/ WAS PRODUCED -iN
         H-iM/ AND HE GRASPED AT A GLANCE ThE MEAN-iNG OF ALL ThE
         DOCTR-iNES WH-iCH HE D-iD NOT STUDY PREV-iOUSLY. iLL ThE OP-iN-iON
         OF BkA' BRGYUD-PAS MANY MEET W-iTh H-iNDRANCES BEFORE ATTA-iN-
         -iNG PERFECT KNOWLED~E. aS SOON AS HE HAD REMOVED ThAT
         H-iNDRANCE/ KNOWLEDGE WAS BORN -iN H-iM. i UNDERSTAND ThE
         ABOVE- HAS BEEN A S-iM-iLAR CASE. hE SPENT SEVERAL YEARS AT
         GdAN SA tHEL/ RtSE~ThAR; AND OThER PLACES. hE TOOK UP F-iNAL
         MONAST-iC ORD-iNAT-iON FROM ThE UPADHYAYA sAR;S-RGYAS BLO-GTOS-
         PA/ ThE KARMA-ACARYA DgRA-BCOM-PA RgYAL-MTShAN BZAN-PO AND
         ThE sECRET pRECEPTOR ThE MAHA-UPADHYAYA BkA'-BCU-PA BsOD-
         NAMS SEN-GE. fUTThER/ HE HEARD MANY DOCTR-iNES FROM ThE
         ACARYA ~ER-DON-PA/ lHO r-iN-PO-CHE gRAGS-PA yON-TAN/ ThE
         dHARMASVAM-iN kUN-SPANS-PA/ ThE dHARMASVAM-iN dE-BZ-iN
         GSEGS-PA/ ThE dHARMASVAM-iN BlO-BZAN GRAGS-PA (tSON-KHA-PA)/
         MKHAN-CHEN RgYALDBAN BLO-GROS/ ~HOS-SG~BA ~HHOS-DPAL SES-
         RAB AND OThERS. dUR-iNG H-iS STUD-iES/ ThE ELDERS OF SnAR-ThAN/
         -iNCLUD-iNG ThE SnAR-ThAR; MAHA-UPADHYAYA ThE S-iDDHA ~ES-RAB-PA
         AND OThERS/ HELD A MEET-iNG/ AND -iNV-iTED H-iM TO SnAR-ThAR;.
         tHE MONASTERY OF SnAR-ThAR; W-iTh -iTS BR~NCHES WAS PRESELLTED
                                                                          p.593
         TO H-iM. a~TER L-i-iS RETURN/ HE SU~ERED FOR ONE YEAR FROM A
         SEVERE HEART A-iLMENT/ WH-iCH HE KEPT SECRET FROM OThERS. oNE
         DAY WH-iLE JOURNEY-iNG To DgON-GSAR/ HE WAS CURED OF H-iS (83A)
         -iLLNESS/ ?ND SANG ThE FOLLOW-iNG PSALMH ~iA-LA SNAN-PA-I
         BDE SA-LA.. "OR ~-a ! WHAT A JOYOUS SENSAT-iON/..."
         s-iNCE ThAT T-iME H-iS UNDERSTAND-iNG NE-iThER -iNCREASED/
         NOR DECREASED (REMA-iNED W-iThOUT CHANGES). h-iS SLEEP
         WAS TRANSFORMED -iNTO TLLE ABHASVARA STATE. wH-iLE HE
         SECURED TO BE SOUND ASLEEP/ HE NEVER iN-iSTOOK ThE NUMBER
         OF H-iS ROSARY BEADS//W-iTLL WH-iCH HE COUNTED ThE MANTRAS REC-iTED
         BY H-iM. hE CONSTANTLY AB-iDED PLUNGED -iNTO ThE eSSENCE OF
         ThE mAHATNLLDRA. aFTER ThE DEATh OF ThE 28Th SpYAN-SNA
         (SpYAN-SNA NER-BRGYHLD-PA)/ ThE dHARMASVAM-iN OF StAG-LUN-
         BkRA-S-iS DPAL RTSEGS L~-i-MA-I DB -ii-i-PO BSRUN-BA-I GO-CHA w3s
         -iNV-iTED TO HEAD TLLE MONKS WHO WERE TO PERFORM ThE FUNERAL
         R-iTE OF ThE 28Th SpYAN-SNA. iMMED-iATELY AFTER ThE FUNERAL
         R-iTE/ ThE dH~RM;LSVAM-iN OF StAG-LUN SPREAT A MAT AT kA-BZ-i-
         STENS AND HAV-iNG GRASPED ThE p~EC-iOUS dHARMASVAM-iN BY ThE
         HAND/ REQUESTED H-iM TO BE SE~TED ON ThE MAT W-iTh ThE WORDSH
         ~nOW ThERE REMA-iNS NO ONE WORThY/ BUT YOURSEL~ TO BECOME
         ThE HEAD OF ThE WHOLE BkA~-BRGYUD-PA SECT/ AND TLLE MASTER OF
         Th-iS MONASTERY"/ S;LY-iNG SO/ HE ShOWERED FLOWERS ON H-iM AS A
         TOKEN OF H-iS BLESS-iNG/ AND SEVERAL T-iMES PROSTRATED H-iMSELF
         BEFORE H-iM. iN Th-iS N ;MNER HE WAS -iNS~ALLED BY ThE lORD OF
         s-iDDHAS/ AND ALL/ GRE~T AND SMALL/ ABSTA-iNED FROM D-iSCUSS-iNG
         ThE MATTER ANY FURThER. fROM ThE YEAR f-iRE-eHEMALE-h~N
         (ME-MO-BYA--1 4 L 7 a.d.) T-iLL ThE YEAR wOOD-mALE-t-iGER
         (S-iN-PH~STAG--1434 a.d.) HE RES-iDED BY TURNS AT @#~E GREAT
         MONASTERY (Gd;LN SA tHEL) AND A~ RtSES-ThAN FOR ~A CHANGE
         OF WATER." aT BOTB ThESE PLACES HE GAVE AN E~POS-iT-iON OF
         ThE mAHAMUDRA TO ~-i11 ThOSE WHO DES-iRED TO ASK âœOR -iT/ W-iThOUT
         D-iT~ERENT-iAT-iNG BETWEEN WORThY AND UNWORThY ONES/ GREAT OR
         SMALL. tHE mONASTERY'S ABBOT AN~ D-iSC-iPLES/ AS WELL AS ThE
         PEASANTS BELONG-iNG TO ThE MONASTERY ~R-i-DGE-BZA'-BA3 D-iD NOT
         TRANSGRESS H-iS ORDERS. iN ALL QUARTERS -iT WAS SA-iD ThAT A
         bUDDHA wLs L-iV-iNG ThERE (-iN ThE MONASTERY). hE WAS ESPEC-iALLY
                                                                          p.594
         HELD -iN ESTEEM BY ThOSE WHO SPENT ThE-iR T-iME -iN MED-iTAT-iONS
         -iN MOUNTA-iN GORGES. w-iCKED PEOPLE FDT H-iM TO BE HEAV-iER
         ThAN A GOLDEN YOKE ON ThE-iR NECKS. h-iS AGENT ON H-iS RETURN
         FROM M~A'-R-iS/ WAS ATTACKED ON ThE WAY BY A NUMEROUS
         BAND OF ROBBERS UNDER ThE LEADERSh-iP OF lHA-RTSE-BA. a CURSE
         UTTERED BY ThE tEACHER WAS ENOUGH TO -iNFL-iCT DEATh AND D-iSEASE
         ON ThEM. tHUS ThEY WERE PUN-iShED BY ThE rEL-iG-iOUS pROTEC-
         TORS. s-iM-iLARLY/ ThERE L-iVED -iN pU-HRANS A FOLLOWER OF bON (83B)
         NAMED DkAR-GDUM-PA WHO WAS GREATLY HARM-iNG OUR HERM-iTS.
         tHE dHARMASVAM-iN PRONOUNCED A CURSE DUR-iNG ThE ASSEMBLY
         OF PR-iESTS/ AND ThE bON-PO W-iTh H-iS FAM-iLY PER-iShED. iN ThE
         NE-iGHBOURHOOD OF ThE MONASTERY ThERE WERE SEVERAL FAM-iL-iES
         WHO D-iSOBEYED H-iM. tHE-iR POS-iT-iON BECAME GRADUALLY WORSE/
         AND F-iNALLY ThEY BECAME EXT-iNCT W-iThOUT LEAV-iNG ANY TRACES.
         aLL ThE LEARNED p-iTAKADHARAS/ SUCH AS ThE GREAT rON-STON/ ThE
         ~l-iON OF sPEECH"/ AND OThERS/ CAME TO SEE H-iM. aFTER
         D-iSCUSS-iNG W-iTh H-iM ('BREL-GTAM)/ ThEY FELT COMPLETELY BEW-iLDE-
         RED. RgYA-MA R-iN-PO-CHE G~ON-'OD-PA WORSh-iPPED H-iM AS AN
         -iMAGE OF A TRUE sAMVARA. t-iLL ThE PRESENT DAY MANY OF H-iS
         LEARNED D-iSC-iPLES ARE AL-iVE/ CAPABLE OF GU-iD-iNG L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS
         W-iTh ThE HELP OF PROFOUL~D EXPOS-iT-iONS (OF ThE dOCTR-iNE). aT
         ThE AGE OF 46/ HE ORDERED ThE ERECT-iON OF A SgO-MANS CA-iTYA/
         OUT OF PREC-iOUS SUBSTANCES. tHE -iMAGES OF GODS ThERE-iN
         EXCELLED OThER -iMAGES -iN BEAUTY. tHEN/ HAV-iNG PERCE-iVED ThAT
         ThE DETER-iORAT-iON OF Th-iS DEGENERATE AGE WAS -iMM-iNENT/ HE
         GAThERED H-iS PHYS-iCAL FORM -iNTO ThE ~sPHETE OF PUR-iTY~ ON ThE
         21ST DAY OF ThE WAN-iNG MOON OF ThE F-iTST MONTh OF ThE YEAR
         wOOD-mALE-t-iGER (S-iN-PHO-STAG--i434 a.d.). h-iS RET-iNUE
         ANX-iOUS TO HAVE AN AUSP-iC-iOUS DATE (FOR H-iS DEATh/ DECLARED ThE
         22ND TO BE ThE DAY OF H-iS DEATh~/ SO ThAT HE BECAME KNOWN AS
         ThE ~22ND" (NER-GN-iS-PA). hE WAS AGED 49. k-iNG (M-i-I
         DBAN-PO) gRAGS-PA 'BYUN-GNAS PERFORMED A POMPOUS FUNERAL
         R-iTE/ ThOUGH ThE T-iME WAS NOT PROP-iT-iOUS. hE ALSO ERECTED A
         LARGE S-iLVER SNLPA -iN ThE MONASTERY'S CHAPEL -iN ThE STYLE OF A
         BkRA-S-iS SGO-MANS. m-i-I DBAN-PO gRAGS-PA 'BYUN-GNAS/ BROAD-
         M-iNDED AND LEARNED -iN ThE mANTRAYANA/ HELD ThE ABBOT'S
                                                                          p.595
         CHA-iR -iN ThE MONASTERY TO BE VERY SACRED/ AND ThEREFORE D-iD NOT
         OCCUPY -iT/ BUT PREACHED A BR-iEF EXPOS-iT-iON TO P-iLGR-iMS COM-iNG
         TO Th-iS hOLY pLACE/ BUT AFTER H-iS DEATh MANY OF H-iS D-iRECT
         D-iSC-iPLES PERFORMED MEMOT-iAL R-iTES (AS -iF HE HADBEEN AN (84A)
         ABBOT). tHE CHA-iR REMA-iNED EMPTY FOR TWENTY YEARS T-iLL ThE
         YEAR wATER-fEMALE-hEN (CHU-MO-BYA--145/3 a.d.). a~TER Th3T
         ThE gTEAT mASTER (BdAG-PO CHEN-PO) kUN-DGA' LEGS-PA AND
         ~HHE-SA sANS-RGYAS RGYAL-MTShAN HELD A COUNC-iL/ AND ON ThE
         TENTh DAY OF ThE ELEVENTh MONTh OF ThE YEAR wOOD mALE-dOG
         (S-iR;-PHO-KHY-i--1454 a.d.) ThEY -iNV-iTED ThE dHARMASVAM-iN
         DpAL ~AG-G-i DBAN-PO/ AGED 16/ TO OCCUPY ThE l-iOLL tHRONE OF
         ThE gREAT mONASTERY. iN ThE YEAR eARTh-mALE-t-iGER (SA-PHO-
         STAG--1458 a.d.)/ DUE TO A wAR BETWEEN sOUTh AND nORTh/
         HE H-iMSELF CAME TO ThE MONASTERY FROM SnE-GDON/ AND CLA-iMED
         -iT. 16 YEARS AFTER/ -iN ThE YEAR wATER-fEMALE-sERPENT (CHU-MO-
         SBRUL--1473 a.d.)/ HE SAT ON ThE l-iON tHRONE OF ThE MONAS-
         TERY -iNV-iTED BY GODS/ DAK-iNLS/ rEL-iG-iOUS pROTECTORS AND LOCAL
         DE-iT-iES. fROM ThE B-iRTh OF ThE pREC-iOUS 'gRO-MGON T-iLL ThE PRE-
         SENT f-iRE-mALE-aPE YEAR (ME-PHO-SPRE'U--1476 a.d.) 367
         YEARS ELAPSED ('gRO-MGON pHAG-MO-GRU-PA WAS BORN -iN i i L O
         a.d.). tHE cHAPTER ON ThE l-iNEAGE OF ABBOTS OF pHAG-MO-GRU.
         aMONG H-iS PREC-iOUS DESCENDANTS/ WHO WERE SEEN AND
         HEARD BY US/ AND WHO WERE ~OND OF SOL-iTARY L-iFE AND RENUNC-iA-
         T-iON/ WERE TWO PREC-iOUS BROThERS. lHO r-iN-PO-CHE gRAGS PA
         YON-TAN WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-fEMALE-hOG (ME-MO-PHAG
         --1 347 a. d.). hE OBTA-iNED H-iDDEN PRECEPTS FROM ThE
         dHARMASVAM-iN rOL-PA-I RDO-R~E AND OThERS. hE SPENT H-iS
         T-iME -iN MED-iTAT-iON ONLY. hE BECAME ThE SP-iR-iTUAL TEACHER OF
         ThE lHO-PAS OF uPPER kHAMS/ AND (ThUS) BECAME KNOWN AS
         lHO r-iN-PO-CHE. hE PASSED AWAY AT ThE AGE OF 68. ~AR
         r-iN-PO-CHE WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR wOOD-mALE-hORSE (S-iN-PHO-
         RTA--1354 a. d.) AND MADE EXTENS-iVE STUD-iES OF ThE p-iTAKA.
         h3V-iNG BECOME ThE SP-iR-iTUAL TEACHER OF ThE ~AR-PAS OF aMDO
         (MdO-SMAD)/ HE BECAME KNOWN AS ~AR r-iN-PO-CHE. hE ALSO
         BECAME ThE SP-iR-iTUAL TEACHER OF ThE K-iNG AND QUEEN. hE
         RENDERED NUMEROUS SERV-iCES TO RBE MONASTER-iES/ SUCH 3S rW3-
                                                                          p.596
         SGREN/ GsAN-PHU AND OThERS. hE PASSED AWAY AT ThE AGE OF
         74 -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-fEMALE-sHEEP (ME-MO-LUG--1427 a d.).   (84B)
         aT ThE PRESENT T-iME ThOSE WHO MA-iNTA-iN ThE TEACH-iNG OF ThE
         dHARN-iASVAM-iN ~ER-GN-iS-PA AND LOOK A~TER ThE D-iSC-iPLES AREH
         ThE MAHA-UPADHYH~Y;L r-iN-CHEN BZAN-PO-BA AND ThE yOG-iSVAR;L
         bAN-R-iM-PA. tHE dHARMASVAM-iN 'bR-i-KHUN-PA/ TO WHOM
         sRL pHAG-MO-GRU-PA HAD PROPHES-iED ONLY AFTER MAK-iNG H-iM
         S-iR -iN A YOG-iC POSTUREH ~-yOU W-iLL BECOME A GOOD ASCET-iC! yOU
         W-iLL BE ThE BEST AMONG ASCET-iCS-!" h-iS NAT-iVE PLACE WAS CALLED
         idAN-STOD GTSON-DU. h-iS FAThER BELONGED TO ThE CLAN OF
         'bRUG-TGYAL SkYU-RA/ AND WAS CALLED RdO-R~E AND P~ACT-iSED
         ThE YOGA OF ThE bLESSED yAMANTAKA/ HAV-iNG AMONG H-iS ANCES-
         TORS AN UNBROKEN L-iNE O~ S-iDDHAS OF ThE R~;L-iN-MA-PA SECT. h-iS
         MOThER WAS A SECRET YOG-iM (SBAS-PA-I TNAL-'BYOR-MA) NAMED
         BtSUN-MA. tHE dHATMASVAM-iN WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR wA@#R-
         fEMALE-hOG (CHU-MO-PHAG--i 143 a. d.). fROM H-iS CH-iLDHOOD
         HE HAD MASTERED MOST OF H-iS FAThER'S DOCTR-iNES. a GREAT
         FAM-iNE HAV-iNG OCCURED -iN ThOSE PLACES/ HE PROCEEDED TOW~RDS
         ThE sOUTh AND ThERE OBTA-iNED PROV-iS-iONS -iN RETURN FOR ThE
         PROM-iSE OF RTC-iT-iNG SACRED TEXTS (-iN ThE HOUSES) O~ T-iCH PEOPLE
         (KLOG-DOM BLAN-BA/ TO PROM-iSE TO R~AD A SACRED TEXT -iN TETURN
         FOR PROV-iS-iONS/ ETC.). w-iTh MONEY OBTA-iNED FROM ThE REC-iTAL
         OF SACRED TEXTSJ HE MA-iNTA-iNED H-iMSELF AND H-iS RET-iNUE. aT
         ThE AGE OF 9/ HE BECAME ThE tEACHER OF OThERS. nOW AND
         AGA-iN HE MED-iTATED AND PREACHED ThE dOCTR-iNE. aBOUT ThAT
         T-iME HE HEARD OF ThE FAME OF DpAL pHAG-MO-GRU-PA/ AND A
         MATCHLESS FA-iTh WAS BORN -iN H-iM. wHE~L ThE MOON ROSE/ HE
         ThOUGHT/ ~HOW HAPPY -iS TLLE mOON/ BE-iNG ABLE TO LOOK
         DOWN ON MY tEACHER." hAV-iNG TAKEN W-iTh H-iM SOME PTOV-iS-i-
         ONS HE REACHED pHAG-MO-GRU AND OFFERED To pHAG-MO-GRU-PA
         SOmE TEA AND A HORSE. pHAG-MO-GRU-PA ACCEPTED ThE TEA/ BUT
         SA-iD ABOUT ThE HORSEH '~i DO NOT ACCEPT AN-iMALS AS PRESENTS !"
         hAy-iNG BO-iLED TEA/ ABOUT 80 SEN-iOT D-iSC-iPLES (DBU-CHE)
         GAThERED/ AND PARTOOK O~ ThLS TEA. hE OBSERVED ThE FACE O~
         'gRO-MGON To GROW BR-iGHTER/ AND HE FELT SOMEWHAT PROUD.
         tH-iS WAS PCRCE-iVED BY 'gRO-MGON WHO SA-iD TO H-iMH ~yOU/
                                                                          p.597
         UPASAKA/ ARE VERY PROUD OF YOUTSELF ! i HAD LABOURED ~OR YOUR
         SAKE DUR-iNG MANY COSM-iC PER-iODS." bECAUSE HE USED TO (8SA)
         SALUTE EVERY MONK PRESENT ThERE/ HE BECAME KNOWN AS ThE
         ~p-iOUS UPASAKA." a~TER L-iSTEN-iNG TO NUMEROUS PRECEPTS/ A
         GREAT W-iSDOM REAL-iZ-iNG ThE ESSENCE O~ ALL ThE eLEMENTS OF
         pHENOMENAL eX-iSTENCE WAS BORN -iN H-iM. tH-iRTY TWO MONThS
         AFTER H-iS COM-iNG TO 'gRO-MGON/ 'gRO-MGON PASSED AWAY. hE
         SPENT SOME T-iME MED-iTAT-iNG -iN ThE e-CHUN CAVE.
         hE SUDDENLY FELL SER-iOUSLY -iLL W-iTN LEPROSY/ AND ThOUGHT
         ThAT HE ShOULD GO TO A ROCKY VALLEY/ AND ThERE MAKE H-iS DEAD
         BODY -iNV-iS-iBLE. wHEN HE WAS ABOUT TO GO/ HE TOOK LEAVE/
         AND PROSTRATED H-iMSELF BEFORE AN -iMAGE OF aVALOK-iTESVARA
         WN-iCH HE HAD KEPT AS H-iS TUTELARY DE-iTY. h-iS BODY HA~-iNG
         GROWN WEAK/ HE RESTED H-iS HEAD ON ThE GROUND. aT ~-iRST HE
         RECOLLECTED ALL H-iS OWN SUT~ER-iNGS/ ThEN ThOSE OF ThE OThER L-iV-iNG
         BE-iNGS/ AND AN UNBEARABLE COMPASS-iON/ S-iM-iLAR TO A STEADY
         STREAM/ WAS PRODUCED -iN H-iM. tHE WHOLE N-iGHT H-iS BEDD-iNG
         WAS DRENCHED BY H-iS TEARS. tHEN HE SAW ThE NAGA AND
         H-iS RET-iNUE LEAV-iNG H-iS BODY. aT ThE SAME T-iME HE FELT
         H-iMSELF COMPLETELY CURED OF H-iS D-iSEASE. hE USED TO TELL
         OThERSH ~w-iTh-iN ThREE DAYS AND ThE FORENOON OF ThE FOURTh
         DAY/ MY EV-iL KARMA HAD BECOME PUR-iF-iED BY -iTSELF." aFTER
         ThAT HE REAL-iZED ALL ThE DOCTR-iNES ON cAUSE AND eF~ECT/ AND
         ~RL hERUKA ShOWED H-iS FACE TO L1-iM. hE OBTA-iNED ThE STAGE
         EQUAL TO ThAT OF ThE bUDDHA H-iMSELF. h-iS FAME SPREAD SUDDEN-
         LY/ AND OThER PEOPLE BEGAN TO -iNV-iTE H-iM TO PRES-iDE OVER
         FEST-iVALS. oNCE ThE DAUGHTER OF tHOD-PA BsAM-GRUB/ NAMED
         nAM-MKHA'-RGYAN/ RAN NAKED -iNTO H-iS PRESENCE HMD HE
         ThOUGHTH ~1/ BE-iNG AN UPASAKA/ WAS CONTAM-iNATED BY HER.
         nOW i MUST TAKE UP ORD-iNAT-iON!" aT ThE SAME T-iME/ BY ThE
         STRENGTh OF (H-iS) COMPASS-iON HE CURED LEPERS. aT TLLE AGE OF
         35// HE TOOK UP ThE NOV-iC-iATE AND ThE F-iNAL MONAST-iC VOWS
         S-iMULTANEOUSLY -iN ThE PRESENCE OF ~AL-i-SUM tHOG-PA/ ACT-iNG
         AS UPADHYAYA/ ThE ACARYA tS-i-LUN PA AS KARN~A-ACARYA ANT
         GT~AL-BA 'dUL-'DZ-iN AS sECRET pRECEPTOR. hE STUD-iED ThE (8SB)
         pRAT-iMOKSA-SUTRA W-iTh G~AL-BA 'dUL-'D~-iN AT kHYUN-KHA-LUN/
                                                                          p.598
         AND BECAME A VERY LEARNED MAN. fOR ABOUT TL1REE YEARS HE SUC-
         CEEDED H-iS tEACHER/ AND AT ThE AGE O~ 37/ -iN ThE YEAR eARTh-
         fEMALE-hOG (SA-MO-PHAG--i i79 a. d.) HE WENT TO 'bR-i-KHU-i~.
         iN TLLE SAME YEAR/ HE ~AThERED ABOUT ONE HUNDRED NEW MONKS.
         oN ONE OCCAS-iON HE MADE PREPARAT-iONS TO GO TO kA-iLASA/ AND ThE
         G~AN tHAN-LHA GOD ARRANGED A GREAT RECEPT-iON FOR H-iM/ WH-iCH
         WAS SEEN BY ALL ThE 24 TEACHERS AND D-iSC-iPLES/ EXCEPT ONE.
         hE HAD A LARGE S-iZE V-iS-iON OF ~-iNANDA AND RECE-iVED
         -iNSTRUCT-iONS FROM LL-iM. aFTER H-iS RETURN TO 'bR-i-KHUN/ HE
         GAThERED ROUND H-iMSELF NUMEROUS PR-iESTS/ AND F-iLLED ThE VALLEYS
         AND MOUNTA-iNS FROM oDD-iYANA AND jALANDHARA (kANGRA) TO
         wU-T~A-i-ShAN/ W-iTh H-iS D-iSC-iPLES WHOM HE MADE UNDERSTAND ThE
         eSSENCE OF nATURE W-iTh ThE HELP OF H-iDDEN -iNSTRUCT-iONS. tHE
         NUMBER OF H-iS D-iSC-iPLES WHO HAD GAThERED ON ThE DAY OF ThE
         ~bROWN sUGAR" FEST-iVAL HELD BY G~OS WAS 555~5. sOME OF
         TLLE GREAT KALYANA-M-iTRAS OF t-iBET HELD ThE ThEORY ThAT ThE
         bUDDHA HAD PREACHED BOTh ThE ~D-iRECT" (MTA ARThA) AND ThE
         ~-iND-iRECT" (NEYA-ARThA) -iNTERPRETAT-iON (O~ SACRED TEXTS)/ BUT
         TLLAT ThE ~-iND-iRECT" -iNTERPRETAT-iON/ -iNTENT-iONALLY PREACHED BY
         ThE bUDDHA FOR ThE BENEF-iT OF OThERS/ wAs AN -iMPED-iMENT TO
         R-iGHT KNOWLEDGE/ ThOUGH ThEY D-iD NOT (OPENLY) DECLARE -iT TO
         BE FALLAC-iOUS. oN ThE OThER HAND/ ThE dHARMASVAM-iN HELD
         ThE OP-iN-iON ThAT -iN ThE WORDS OF ThE bUDDHA/ NOT EVEN A
         S-iNGLE LETTER COULD BE REGARDED AS CONTRAD-iCTORY TO REASON.
         tL -iS WAS NOT CHARACTER-iST-iC OF OUR tEACHER ONLY/ BUT WAS
         PECUL-iAR TO ALL ThE bUDDHAS. tHUS HE MA-iR.TA-iNED ThAT ThE
         ThOUGLLT OF ALL ThE bUDDHAS WAS D-iTECTED TOWARDS ONE OBJECT
         (Th-iS ThEORY -iS KNOWN AS 'bR-i-KHUN DGONS-GC-iG/ "oNE TLLOUGHT
         ThEORY OF 'bR-i-KHUN"). iN RESPECT OF ThE AGAMA-DHARMA/ HE
         USED TO PREACH ALL ThE TEXTS BELONG-iNG TO ThE tANTRA AND
         pRAJNAPARAM-iTA CLASSES/ AND ThUS H-iS PREACH-iNG WAS CHARACTE-
         R-iZED BY AN ABSENCE OF PART-iAL-iTY. h-iS M-iND D-iD NOT MOVE
         AWAY EVEN FOR A SULGLE MOMENT FROM -ThE COMB-iNED STATE
         ThE TWO FORMS OF eNL-iGHTENMENT (BODH-iC-iTTA/ kUN-RDZOBS
         BYAN-CHUB-KY-i SEMS CHARACTER-iZED BY A FEEL-iNG OF COMPASS-iON
         TOWARDS L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS WHO ARE ASSUMED TO BE REAL; dON-DAM-
                                                                          p.599
         BYAN-CHUB-KY-i SEMS/ -iS ThE UNDERSTAND-iNG OF ThE aBSOLUTE
         ACCOMPAN-iED BY A FEEL-iNG OF COMPASS-iON TOWARDS ALL L-iV-iNG
         BE-iNGS WHO ARE ASSUMED To BE -iLLUSORY. tHE PRESENT DAY
         t-iBETAN BLA-MAS WRONGLY CONS-iDER ThE F-iRST FORM TO BE AN
         ART-iF-iC-iAL BODH-iC-iTTA/ AND ThE SECOND FORM TO REPRESENT A TRUE
         BODH-iC-iTTA). tHE dHARMASVAM-iN HAV-iNG D-iSCOVERED ThAT ThE
         mONAST-iC cONGREGAT-iON (DGE-'DUN) WAS ThE ROOT OF ThE dOC-
         TR-iNE/ AND ThAT ThE PREC-iOUS MORAL PRECEPTS WERE ThE ROOT OF
         ThE gNGREGAT-iON D-iD NOT TRANSGRESS EVEN ThE M-iNUTEST RULES O~
         ThE w-iNAYA. hE N~VER KNEW ThE SMELL O~ E-iThER MEAT OR W-iNE. (86A)
         aLL H-iS D-iSC-iPLES ALSO KEPT TL~E MORAL PRECEPTS/ EVEN ThOSE WHO
         STAYED -iN SECLUS-iON D-iD NOT ABANDON Th-iS RULE. h-iS FAME
         ENCOMPASSED ThE ENT-iRE jAMBUDVLPA. aT F-iRST dUS-GSU-iN
         MKHYEN-PA/ WHO HAD COME TO 'bR-i-KHUN/ TOLD H-iM WHO
         POSSESSED ThE DEEDS OF A bUDDBA/ ThAT ~YOU ARE ThE GREAT
         ACALYA nAGARJUNA." lATER/ WHEN HE HAD REACHED ThE AGE OF
         60/ AN ARHAT FROM cEYL/N (ThE STORY ABOUT Th-iS ARHAT -iS RELA-
         TED -iN ThE ~l-iFE" OR RNAM-ThAR OF ~AKYASRLBHADRA COMPOSED
         BY ThE kHRO-PHU LO-TSA-BA. iN -iT ThE ARHAT -iS CALLED gUNA-
         RATNA). tHE YOUUGER BROThER OF ThC kHA-CHE PAN-CHEN/ WH-iLE
         RES-iD-iNG -iN kASM-iRA/ HEARD OF ThE EX-iSTENCE OF ~ FAMOUS ARHAT
         -iN cEYLON. hE JOURNEYED TO T6E -iSLAND TO VER-i~Y ThE STORY/
         AND FA-iTh HAV-iNG BEEN BORN -iN H-iM/ HE SPENT SOME M~NThS
         W-iTh ThE ARHAT -iN ThE TOWN OF rATNACUDA-MAN-i (POSS-iBLY ThE
         ~LAST' 3RHAT). hE TOLD TL~E ARHAT ThAT H-iS ELDET BROThER WAS
         ABOUT TO START FOR t-iBET AND SENT H-iM ~OUT (LOTUS) hOWERS
         ThROUGH ThE YOUNGER BROThER OF ThE kHA-CHE PAN.-CHEN/ HAV-iNG
         SEALED Th~M -iN A BOX AND H;LV-iNG BLESSED ThEM -iN ORDER ~HAT
         ThEY M-iGHT NOT FADE AWAY Or ThE WAY T-iLL TL EY HAD REACHED
         TLLE PERSON TO WHOM ThEY WERE ADDRESSED. tHE ARHAT SA-iDH
         ~cONVEY ONE (FLOWER) TO ThE bODH-iSATTVA r-iN-CHEN-DPAL/ AN
         -iNCARNAT-iON OF ThE ACARYA nAGARJUN~/ RES-iD-iNG -iN ThE COUNTRY
         CALLED 'bR-i. cONVEY ONE (~OWER) TO ThE bODH-iSATTVA NAMED
         bHAG-iRATh-i (SkAL LDAN S-iN-RRA) -iN ThE V-iHARA CALLED rATNAKUT-i.
         cONVEY ONE T~OWET TO A DV-iBHAS-iN (~KNOW-iNG TWO LANGU-
         ~GES"--ThE kHRO-R~HU LO-TSA-BA bYAMS-PA-DPAL WHO -iNV-iTED
                                                                          p.600
         ThE kHA-CHE PAN.-CHEN sAKYASR; TO t-iBET)/ WHO WAS ERECTTNG
         GREAT -iMAGE O~ mA-iTREYA (kHRO-PHU-I bYA~NS-CHEN)/ AND ONE O~
         ThE L~OWERS ShOULD BE KEPT ON ThE CHEST O~ ThE -iMAGE." tHUS
         ThE ARHAT RECOGN-iZED ThE 'bR-i-KHUN dHARMASVAM-iN TO BE AN
         -iNCARNAT-iON OF nAGARJUNA. wH-iLE ThE kHA-CHE PAN-CHEN WAS
         RES-iD-iNG AT KlAS-MO-CHE/ A kHAMS-PA MONK OF 'bR-i-KHUN ASKED
         ThE PAN-CHEN ~O G-iVE H-iM A REL-iG-iOUS ROBE (CHOS-GOS~. aN
         ATTENDANT TOLD H-iM ThAT ThETE WAS NO OThER REL-iG-iOUS ROBE/
         EXCEPT ThE ONE PAN-CHEN WAS WEAR-iNG/ AND ThEREFORE D-iD NOT
         G-iVE -iT TO H-iM. bUT ThE kHAMS-PA SE-iZED ThE ROBE (AVARA) OF
         ThE PAN-CHEN. tHE ATTENDANT ThEN PUShED H-iM/ AND HE FELL
         ON ThE GROUND/ AND H~T H-iS NOSE WH-iCH BLED. tHE PAN-CHEN
         WHEN MED-iTAT-iNG USED TO SEE ThE wENERABLE oNE (tARA)
         W-iThOUT ~NY H-iNDRANCE/ BUT AFTER ThAT OCCURRENCE/ ThE GODDESS
         D-iD NOT ShOW HERSELF TO H-iM FOR SEVEN DAYS. hE D-iD NOT
         KNOW ~HE REASON/ AND MADE A GENERAL CONFESS-iON (SPY-i-BSAGS/
         MEANS A CONFESS-iON OF TRANSGRESS-iON OF ThE ThREE VOWS (ThE
         bODLL-iSATTVA/ ThE pRAT-iMOKSA AND tANTR-iC VOWS()/ AND O~ERED
         PRAYERS. tHEN/ A~TER SEVEN DAYS/ (~HE tARA) APPEARED AGA-iN/
         BUT WAS SEEN TURN-iNG HER BACK ON H-iM. hE LSKED ThE GODDESS;
         ~0 aRYA! wHAT S-iN HAVE i COMM-iTTED?" AND ThE GODDESS
         REPL-iEDH ~yOU AND YOUR ATTENDANT HAVE COLLLM-iTTED
         RRANSGRESS-iON AGA-iNST A D-iSC-iPLE OF ThE ACARYA nAGARJUNA." hE
         SA-iDH ~L CAN'~ REMEMBET ANY SUCH PERSON." tHE GODDESS SA-iDH (86B)
         ~LS NOT ThE PR-iEST WHOSE NOSE BKD YES~ERDAY/ HE?"--~nOW/
         NOW CAN i EXP-iATE MY FAULT?" tHE GODDESS AGA-iN SA-iD TO H-iMH
         ~yOU ShOULD G-iVE AWAY TO OThER PR-iESTS REL-iG-iOLLS ROBES EQUAL
         -iN NUMBER TO YOUR YEARS. tH-iS W-iLL REMOVE ThE S-iN." lATER/
         WHEN ThE PAN-CHEN CAME TO DBuS/ AND TOOK UP RES-iDENCE ON
         ThE sR-iN-PO R-i/ HE WAS -iNV-iTED BY ThC -iNMATES OF tShUR-PHU/
         'bR-i-KHUR; AND RcYA-MA. pAND-iTA w-iBHUT-iCANDRA (ThE HEAD OF
         ThE N-iNE jUN-iOR pAND-iTS (PAN-CHUR;)) SA-iDH ~'ThESE FOLLOWCTS OF
         ThE mAHAMUDRA (BY pHYAG-RGYA BA F-iE MEANT A FOLLOWCR OF ThE
         'bR-i-kHUN-PAS) ARE GREAT L-iARS. iT -iS BETTER FOR US TO V-iS-iT
         ThE SEAT OF ThE DkA'-GDAMS-PAS." tHE PAN-CHEN BECAME
         AM~ZED/ AND SA-iDH ~bHUT-i/ bHUT-i/ DON'T SAY SO ! tHERE -iS NO
                                                                          p.601
         CRRO~ A bUDDLLA ~ R-i-KLLUN-PA -iS (A bUDD6A/ BECAUSE) HE -i5
         TL~C ACARYA nAGARJUNA ! yOU LLAVC AMASSED A GREAT KARMA !
         nOW GO -iNTO H-iS PRESELLCE/ AND CONFESS YOUR S-iN ! aSK FOT
         (-iNSTRUCT-iOL~) -iN ThE dOCTR-iNE.'/ w-iBH~~T-i D-iD ACCORD-iNGLY.
         tHEN ThE PAN-CHEN -iMPLORED ThE wENERABLE oNE (tA~A)H
         "w-iLL Th-iS PUR-iFY ThE S-iN OF w-iBL)UT-i?" (tHE tARA) SA-iDH ~LF
         HE WERE TO ERECT ON Th-iS SPOT A TEMPLE DED-iCATED TO sALNVARA/
         -iT WOULD ~UR-iFY (H-iS S-iNS)." a~CORD-i-i~GLY w-iBHUT-i BU-iLT A
         TEMPLE ThERE (Th-iS tELdPLE ST-iLL EX-iSTS ON ThE sR-iLL-PO-~-i~. tHE
         '~gREAT sOUL" (ThE dHARMASVAM-iN OF 'bR-i-KHUN) ShOWED S-iGLLs
         OF PASS-iNG AWAY -iN T!LE YEAR f-iRE-fEMALE-oX (ME-MO-GLAR;--
         1217 a.d.) AT ThE AGE OF 75. iN ThE SALLLE YEAR RgYAL-BA
         BRTEN-LLE ALSO D-iED/ AND S~E-MDO/ ThE aLL-KNOW-iNG/ WAS BOTN.
         oLLE WHO WAS PRESENT AT ThE T-iME OF H-iS (dHARMASVAM-iN'S)
         DEATh/ ASKED H-iMH "nOW/ pREC-iOUS dHARMASVAN~-iN/ WHERE ARE
         YOU GO-iNG?" '~i AM -iLOT GO-iNG ANYWHERE ! i W-iLL STAY -iN ThE
         m-iNDS OF YOU/ D-iSC-iPLES !" WAS ThE REPLY. fOTMERLY/ HAV-iNG
         ~j/OLLE TO tSA-R-i GyU-MTShO/ HE SAW (-iN H-iS V-iS-iON) A WONDER~UL
         SgO-MANS CA-iTYA. hE BU-iLT A WOODEN CA-iTYA AT F-iRST/ CORRES-
         POND-iNG TO L~-iS V-iS-iON/ AND ThEN BU-iLT AR-iOThER ONE OUT OF
         PREC-iOUS SUBSTANCES. a~TER LL-iS DEATh/ H-iS CH-iEF D-iSC-iPLES
         ERECTED A LARGE SgO-MA-i-iS CA-iTYA. tLLO-iLGH -iT -iS -iLLLPOSS-iBLE TO
         ENULLLERATE H-iS D-iSC-iPLES/ WHO HAD ATTA-i-iLED SP-iR-iTUAL REAL-iZAT-iON/ (87A)
         ThOSE WHO LATER LOOKED AFTER ThE WEL~ARE OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS/ ARC
         AS FOLLOWSH R~E SpYALL-SL-iA r-iLL-PO-CLLE/ DBoN r-iN-PO CHE/
         G~UR; r-iN-PO-CHE/ GL~OS- gAR-CHOS-GSUM (G~OS-RgYAL-BA lHA-
         NAN-PA/ 'gAR-dAM-PA ~HOS-SD-iL-iS-PA/ ~HHOS-DpAL-CHEN ~ HOS-YES)/
         DBoN ~ER-'BYU-i-i/ BsOD SR-iOMS GL-iN-PA/ t-i-SRL rAS-PA/ ~R; r-i-
         PHLLG-PA/ bA-LU GON-PA/ SpO-SPO BkRAS-S-iS SEN-GE/ ~-i-LNA BYAN-
         CHUB/ bYA-LUL;-PA bYAL-i-ThAN RAS-YA/ GyAG-RU DPAL-GRAGS/ SpRA-
         ~AL-iS-PA/ '~U-GA-GAL-iS-PA/ 'bU-BA-iL ~ANS-PA/ bYAN-CHUB RDO-R~E
         ;ULD MANY OThERS. aMONG ThEM/ G~OS RgYAL-BA lHA-NAN-PA
         BELONGED TO ThE CLAN OF G~OS LO-TSA BA. hE WAS BOTN -iN ThE
         wOOD mALE-aPE (S-iN-PHO SPRE'U--1 L64 a.d.) AS SON OF
         OS-NAG gRAGS-PA-DPAL WHO WAS WELL-KNOWN FOR H-iS WCALTh
         AND P-iETY. hE WAS RECOGN-iZED BY ThE BLA-MA ~AN TO 6E
                                                                          p.602
         nAk-PO sPYOD-PA-BA (kRSNACAR-iN~. iN H-iS CH-iLDHOOD/ HE
         ThOROUGHLY STUD-iED ThE dOCTR-iNE OF L~-iS FAThER/ AND ALSO STUD-iED
         EXTENS-iVELY AT A SCHOOL OF pL~-iLOSOPHY. hE ThOUGHT ThAT
         FOLLOW-iNG ThE EXAMPLE OF LL-iS ANCESTORS/ HE ShOULD V-iS-iT idD-iA/
         AND STUDY ThE WORK OF A TRANSLATOR/ AND -iN ORDER TO DO ThAT
         HE SLLOULD GO AND SEE ThE dLLARMASVAM-iN OF 'bR-i-KHUL-i/ A~-iD ASK
         H-iM FOR LLELP -iN AVO-iD-iNG ACC-iDENTS. hE WENT/ AND MCT TLLE
         dHARMASVAM-iN/ WHEN ThE LATTER CAME TO mAL-'GRO. tHE
         dHARMASVAM-iN SA-iD TO H-iMH ~yOU ShOULD TAKE ã¹-iP ORD-iNAT-iON
         AND ThE F-iNAL MONAST-iC VOWS -iN ThE PRESENCE O~ tHAG-
         MA RdOT-GZON AND ThEN CON-E To ME !" tHEN HC
         TOOK UP ThE NOV-iC-iATE AND ThE F-iNAL MONAST-iC ORD-iNA-
         T-iON S-iMULTANEOUSLY/ tHAG-MA ACT-iNG AS UPADHYAYA/ AND
         SbAL-T-i AS ACARYA. aGA-iN WHEN HE CAME TO 'bR-i-KHUN/ HE
         HEARD H-iDDEN PRECEPTS AND PRACT-iSED ThEM/ AND ALL EXCELLENT
         YOG-iC -iNS-iGHT WAS BORLL -iN H-iM. hE TLLEN OFFERED (LL-iS) BODY/
         PROPERTY AND RET-iN~-iE TO ThE dHARMASVAM-iN/ lATER HE PRAC-
         T-iSED MED-iTAT-iON AT t-i-SE-I lHA-N;LR-i (kA-iLASA) AND BECAMC
         KNOWLL AS RgYAL-BA lHA-NAN-PA. hE GAThERCD R~UND L~-iM
         dUMEROUS ATTEND-iNG N~ONKS AND MA-iNTA-iNED MOLLAST-iC ASSEM-
         BL-iES -iN sOUDLERN mON (lHO-mOLL)/ AND -iN DBuS AND GtSAN.
         hE REVOLVED ThE wHECL OF ThE' lAW/ AND -iN H-iS LATER L-iFC
         FouL1DcD -iN ThE NORTh ThE MONASTERY ~F lHA-ThEL r-iN-CHELL-
         GL-iN. sOON AFTER ThAT/ HE PASSED AWAV -iN TLLE ~EAR wOOD-
         mALE-aPE (S-iN-PHO-SPRE'U--1224 a. d.) AT ThE AGE OF 6~.
         tH-iS wOOD/aPE YEAR -iS ThE E-iGHTh YEAR S-iNCE ThE DEATh OF ThE (87B)
         dHARMASVAM-iN OF 'bR-i-KLLUR;.
         'gAR-DAM-PA ~ OS-SD-iNS-PA WAS BORN -iN ThC YCAR iRON-
         mOUSE (iCAGS-BY-i-BA--L180 a. d.). hE PRACT-iSED ThE YOGA
         OF wAJRABHA-iRAVA/ WH-iCH HAD BEEN ThE DOCTR-iNE OF H-iS
         ANCESTORS iN H-iS CH-iLDHOOD HE CAME TO 'bR-i-KHU~L-i/ AND FOR
         SEVETAL YEARS WORKED AS SWEEPER (ThA~ NAL-BA). aFTER ThAT HE
         WAS ALLOWED TO BECOME A PERSONAL SERVANT -iN ThE MANS-iON.
         aT F-iRST HE PROCCEDED TOWARDS tSA-R-i/ AND D-iL-iGENTLY PRACT-iSED
         TLLE METhOD OF mANTRAYANA. lATER/ WH-iLE RES-iD-iNG AT ThE
         CAVE OF 'gAR AT dAGS-PO/ ALL TLLE GODS AND DEMONS OF t-iBET
                                                                          p.603
         G;~ThERED ROUND H-iM. aT F-iRST/ ThEY ThREW AT H-iM ShAR~)
         WEAPONS WH-iCH -iNJURED H-iM. tHEN AT DAY-BREAK/ ThEY GREW
         T-iRED/ AND TOOK REFUGE -iN H-iM/ OFFER-iNG H-iM ThE MANTTAS OF
         ThE-iR L-iVES. aFTER ThAT HE PROCEEDED TOWARDS lAS-STOD AND
         SkY-i-RON/ AND OThER PLACES. hE PERCE-iVED ThAT MANY D-iSC-iPLES
         WCRE COM-iNG TO H-iM AND ThAT Th-iS WOULD H-iNDER (H-iS MED-iTAT-iON).
         iN ORDER TO STOP Th-iS/ HE SCOLDED ThE D-iSC-iPLES WHO HAD COME
         TO 'bR-i-KHUN/ AND ThEY STOPPED CON~-iNG. aGA-iN HE CAME TO
         'bR-i-KHUN AND FOUNDCD ThE MONASTERY OF RlUN-SOD dAR-~HOS-
         SD-iNS. a NUMEROUS CONGREGAT-iON OF MONKS GAThERED ThERE/
         AND HE ThOUGHT ThAT Th-iS NLONASTETY M-iGHT BECOME ~ T-iVAL TO
         'bR-i-KHUN. tHETEFORE HAV-iNG G-iVEN UP ThE MONASTERY/ i C
         PROCEEDED TOWATDS yAR-STOD AND JOURNEY-iNG V-iA dAGS-PO/ HE
         GRADUALLY CAME TO SpO-BO (NEAR kON-PO). hE LA-iD ThE {OUNDA-
         T-ioi1 OF pHUR-DGON R-iN-CHEN-GL-iN/ AND AFTER 63 DAYS PASSED
         .-iWAY. tHROUGH H-iS BLESS-iNG/ Th-iS MONASTERY BECAME ThE
         CH-iEF SEAT (OF H-iS TEACH-iLLG)/ AAD WAS TAKEN OVER BY H-iS NEPLLEW
         u-RGYAN-PA AND OThERS. 'g~R-DAM-PA WAS RECOGN-iZED TO HAVC
         BCEN (AN -iNCARN.~T-iON) OF ThE ACARYA ~RYADEVA. ThE D-iSC-iPLE OF
         nAGATJUNA. DpAL CHEN ~HOS-YESH HE HEARD ThC PRECEPTS
         FROM ThE dHARMASVAM-iN (OF 'bR-i-KHUN)/ AND FOR ;L LONG T-i-iNE
         ACTED AS TLLE LATTCR'S DOMEST-iC SERV~NT. aCCOMPAN-iE(L BY
         ~OS AND 'gAT/ LLE PROCEEDED TO tSA-R-i. aT ThAT T-iME/ HE
         D-iD NOT PRACT-iSE ThE mANTRAYANA MCThOD WH-iCH WAS COMMO
         TO BOTh GL~OS AND 'gAR. oN ThE ADV-iCE OF ThE dHATLLLASVAM-iN
         TO PRACT-iSE ThC mANTRAY~NA METhOD ON ThE JOURNEY TO tSA-R-i/
         HE D-iD SO/ AND DEVELOPED MANY EXTRAORD-iNARY FACULT-iES. hE
         WAS ALSO A D-iSC-iPLE OF R~OG sEN-GE KHA-YA AND COMPOSED
         SCVERAL SASTRAS/ SUCH AS ThE r-iN-PO-CHE BZL-'GROS AND OThERS. (88A
         hC BECAME KNOWN ;iT 'bR-i-KHUN AS nAG-TShAN-~L. t-iLL TLLC
         PRESENT DAY ThE D-iSTR-iBUT-iON OF ALMS -iN H-iS NAME -iN tSA-R-i
         CONT-iNUES W-iThOUT -iNTERRUPTJoN bAL-BU GON-PA W~S CALLED
         SO AFTER ThE NAME OF ThE N~ONASTERY. hE- WAS ALSO NAMED
         2;~OR-R~E RAS-PA. hE WAS LEARNED -iN pH-iLOSOPHY. hE V-iS-iTED
         ThE dHARmASVAM-iN (OF 'bR-i-KHUN) -iN ORDER TO TEST H-iM/ BUT
         ON SEE-iNG H-iS FACE/ HE WAS F-iLLED W-iTh FA-iTh. hE HEDRD
                                                                          p.604
         PRECE~TS FRONL LL-iNL AND DEVELO~ED EXTRAORD-iNARY FACULT-iES.
         hE ALSO HEARD NULLLEROUS DOCTR-iNES FROM TLLE kHA-CHE PAN-CHEN
         (sAKYASR-iBHADRA)/ AND COMPOSED A LARGE TREAT-iSE (SASTRA) CALLED
         ~tHC hEART OF ThE dOCTR-iNE" (BStAN-PA-I SN-iN-POJ.
         DBoN sER-'BYUNaH hE BELONGED TO ThE 'o-PHRON BRANCH
         OF ThE kYU-RA CLAN. oF ThE TWO SUB-BRANCHES lHA-DGRA AND
         lHA-SNAN/ (HE BELONGED) TO ThAT OF lHA-DGRA. aGA-iN/ OF ThC
         DpAL-CHEN AND RgOD (WH-iCH FORMED ThE lHA-DGRA SUB-BRANCH)/
         (HE BELONGED) TO ~HE DpAL-CHEN. h-iS FAT6ER WAS CALLED StON-
         ~A sANS-RGYAS DPAL/ AN -iNCARNAT-iON OF ThE lORD mAR-PA/ AND
         H-iS MOTBER WAS NAMED ~HO~LDAN/ AND WAS LEARNED -iN MANY
         DOCTR-iNES OF TLLE sUTRAS AND tANTRAS. DBoN ~ER-'BYUR; WAS ThE
         ELDEST ONE OF TLLE SEVEN CH-iLDREN (BORN TO ThEM)---iN ALL S-iX
         SONS AND ONE DAUGHTER. tHE SECOND (SON) WAS tHUB-PA
         BsOD-NOMS-PA. tHE YOUNGEST WAS SpYAN-SR;A SgAM-PO-PA.
         nOW DBoN ~ER-'BYU-i-iH HE WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-
         fEMALE-sHEEP (ME-MO-LUG--1187 a.d.)/ WHEN '~-iG-RTEN
         MGON-PO (ThE dHARMASVAM-iN OF 'bT-i-KHUR;) WAS 45/ AND R~E
         SpYAN-SNA WAS 13. aT ThE AGE OF 8/ HE LEARNT READ-iNG. aT
         ThE AGE OF ~ E MASTERED WR-iT-iNG. l~TER/ HE WAS ABLE TO
         COPY -iN ONE DAY ThE l-iFE-STORY (RNAM-TLLAR) ~RdO-R~E r-iN-PO-
         CHE" FROM ThE AUThOR'S OR-iG-iNAL COPY (RTSOM-S~AN OR GDAN/
         AUTLLOR'S OR-iG-iNAL MANUSCR-iPT). aT ThE AGE OF 13/ HE BECAMC
         AN EXPERT -iN S-iNG-iNG PSALMS/ SONGS AND DANCE. LN ThE
         BEG-iNLL-iNG HE HAD ONLY ThE -iNTENT-iON OF BECOM-iNG A YOG-iN
         (-iN ANC-iENT t-iBET A YOG-iN MEANT A PERSON WHO HAD NOT TAKEN
         ThE pRAT-iMOKSA VOWS)/ BUT WHEN HE WAS 17/ DpAL ~AN-
         PHU-BA HAV-iNG COME TO ThE-iR COUNTRY/ H-iS FAThER ENTRUSTED
         H-iM TO ThE LATTER/ AND FA-iTh HAV-iNG BEEN BORN -iN LL-iM/ HE
         ~LEC-iDED TO TAKE UP ORD-iNAT-iON. aT ThE AGE OF 17/ HE PRO-
         CEEDED TO ~AR;-PHU AND TOOK UP ORD-iNAT-iON. hE OBTA-iNED
         -iNSTRUCT-iON -iN ThE dOCTR-iNE AND ATTENDED ThERE FOR FOUR YEARS.
         a REAL MENTAL CONCENTRAT-iON ON ThE mAKAMUDRA WAS BORN -iN
         H-iM. tHE ATTENDANTS DESP-iSED H-iM/ BECAUSE OF H-iS POOR
         ATT-iRE. (~AR; PHU-BA) SA-iDH ~nO ONE KNOWS L~-iM/ EXCEPT
         MYSELF! iN ThE COURSE OF T-iME HE W-iLL BECOME A GREAT LEADER OF
                                                                          p.605
         -iNG BE-iNGS." wHEN HE WAS 2g/ ~AN-PHU-BA PASSE~
         AWAY. nEXT YEAR -iN ThE COMPANY OF ABOUT 300 FELLOW-
         TRAVELLERS/ HE CAME TO DBuS AND MET '~-iG RTEN MGON-PO. (88B)
         SgN~-PA ASKED LL-iM TO BECOME H-iS H~USEHOLD PR-iEST/ AND HE
         AGREED. fOR ThREE YEARS HE L-iVED W-iThOUT OWN-iNG ANY K-iND OF
         PROPCRTY. aFTER/ HE BECAME VERY POPULAT W-iTh '~-iG-RTEN MGON-
         PO. iN ThE COURSE OF T-iME L~E BECAME H-iS DOMEST-iC ATTENDANT.
         hE WAS ABLE TO MEMOR-i~E ALL ThAT HE HAD HEARD/ AND ThE
         DOCTR-iNES WH-iCH HAD BEEN G-iVEN TO B-iM BEFORE/ REMA-iNED
         -iMPRESSED ON H-iS m-iND. lATER/ DUR-iNG ThE PREACH-iNG OF ThE
         dOCTR-iNE BY '~-iG-RTEN MGON-PO/ HE USED TO REM-iND H-iM OF
         PASSAGES WH-iCH HE SEEMED TO HAVE FORGOTTEN. h-iS SERV-iCE TO
         ThE tEACHER AND H-iS W-iSDOM WERE BOUNDLESS. aLL CALLED B-iM
         '~ACARYA" OR TEACHER. tHE tEACHER ('~-iG-RTEN MGON-PO)
         PRESSED H-iM TO BECOME ABBOT/ BUT HE ASKED PERLN-iSS-iON TO
         CONCENTRATE ON MED-iTAT-iON ONLY. lATER/ HE WAS PERM-iTTED
         TO DO SO. hE CONS-iDERED ThAT ThE COMPLET-iON OF ThE CONTENTS
         AND ThE CONSECRAT-iON OF TKE SgO-MANS CA-iTYA OF '~-iG-RTEN
         MGON-PO WAS H-iS SPEC-iAL DUTY. a~TER ThE DE/ATh (OF '~-iG-RTCN
         MGON-PO) HE TOOK CHARGE OF H-iS RCL-iCS/ AND/ W-iThOUT OM-iTT-iNG
         EVEN A S-iNGLE REL-iC/ HE ENShR-iNED ALL OF ThEM -iN A CASKET
         MADE OF PREC-iOUS STONES/ AND PLACED -iNS-iDE ThE BASE (BRE)
         OF ThE P-iNNACLE OF ThE STUPA; hE AL.CO ERECTED ThE GREAT
         CA-iTYA (SKU-'BUM CHEN-MO)/ AND PERFORMED ThE CONSECRAT-iON
         R-iTE WH-iCH HAD AS -iTS OBJECT ThE BESTOWAL OF BLESS-iNGS ON
         'bR-i-KHUN tHEL-PA. aFTER F-iN-iSh-iNG ALL ThE FUNERAL R-iTES/
         HE WENT TO GnAM MTShO -iN ThE YEAR eARTh-mALE-t-iGER
         (SA-PHO-STAG--1218 a d.3 AND TOOK UP RES-iDENCE AT M~HOG-
         DGON. iN ThE YEAR eARTh-fEMALE-hARE (SA-MO YOS--i 219
         a.d.) HE PROCEEDED TOWARDS kA-iLASA. hE BESTOWCD ThE
         EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE mAHAMUDRA ON K-iNG (MNA'-BDA~) a-D-iG
         AND GU-iDED H-iM TOWARDS ThE UNDERSTAND-iNG OF ThE eKARASA
         (~LOF ONE FLAVOUR"/ ThE DOCTR-iNE MA-iNTA-iN-iNG TL~E UN-iTY OF
         rAVOUR OF ALL eLEMENTS OF pHENOMENAL eX-iSTENCE. oNE
         O~ ThE tENETS OF ThE mAHAM~-iDRA DOCTR-iNE). hE BESTOWED
         -iN-i~-i~T-iONS AND TLLE C-iTTOTP;~D;-i CERR~NONY ON K-iNG yA-TSE-BA
                                                                          p.606
         AND H-iS RET-iNUE/ WHO WERE F-iLLED W-iTh GREAT FA-iTh. h-iS
         L;-iBOURS FOR ThE BENEF-iT OF OThERS/ AS STATED ABOVE/ WERE BOUND-
         LESS. hE MET MANY PAND-iTAS (FROM iND-iA) AND ThEY WERE
         ALL F-iLLED W-iTh FA-iTh (-iN H-iM~. aT ThAT T-iME HE WAS SURROUNDED
         BY MANY H-iNDRANCES/ SUCH AS -iLLNESS AND FEUDS. tHROUGH
         ThEM HE REAL-iZED ThE dEPENDENT oR-iG-iNAT-iON AND ADM-iTTED
         -iND-iRECTLY H-iMSELF TO BE A bODH-iSATTVA OF ThE tENTh sTAGE
         (BHUM-i) ON ThE pATh OF pUR-iTY. fOR SEVEN YEARS HE CON- (8GA~
         DUCTED SMD-iES -iN uPPER t-iBET. aT ThE AGE O~ 39/ -iN ThE
         YEAR wOOD-fE-iNALE-hEN (S-iN-MO-BYA--1225 a.d.)/ HE CAME
         TO 'bR-i-KHUN/ AND -iN ThE SAME hEN YEAR PROCEEDED TO lHO-
         BRAG. oN H-iS WAY/ HE MET ThE sA-SKYA dHARMASVAM-iN
         (sA-SKYA PAN-CHEN kUN-DGA' RGYAL-MTShAN) AT BsAM-YAS.
         tHE dHARMASVAM-iN CAME OUT TO RECE-iVE H-iM/ BARE-FOOT AND
         HOLD-iNG -iNCENSE (-iN H-iS HANDS) ~CCOMPAN-iED BY A PROCESS-iON
         OF MONKS. hE ARRANGED A H-iGH SEAT FOR H-iM/ P-iL-iNG UP ALL
         RLLE CARPETS WH-iCH HE HAD -iN H-iS POSSESS-iON/ AND -iNV-iTED H-iM
         To S-iT ON -iT. tHEY CONVETSED ON ThE dOCTR-iNE/ AND sA-SKYA-PA
         BEGGED H-iM TO REMH-i-iN ThERE FOR SOME T-iME/ BUT HE PROCEEDED
         TO lHO-BRAG AND -iN ThE YEAR OF ThE dOG/ SENT A LARGE QUANT-iTY
         OF O~ER-iNGS TO 'bR-i-KHUN. tOWARDS ThE END OF ThE SUMMER
         OF ThE SAME YEAR/ ThE ACATYA SgOM-PA OL~ETED H-iM ThE gRO-
         BO-LUN MONASTERY (gRO-BO-LUN HAS BEEN ThE SEAT OF lORD
         mAR-PA). iN ThE W-iNTER OF ThE dOG YEAR (KHY-i LO--1226
         a.d.)/ HE PROCEEDED TO MkHAR-CHU/ AND COM-iN-iTTED TO WR-iT-iNG
         ThE DgOL;S-GC-i~ DOCTR-iNE W-iTh -iTS 190 SPEC-iAL TENETS (kHYAD-
         CHOS). lATER HE REDUCED ThEM TO 150 AT ThE SAME PLACE.
         (rES-iD-iNG) -iN ThE SAME REG-iON/ HE COMPOSED MANY TEXTS FOR
         -iND-iV-iDUALS O~ D-i~ERENT GRADES/ tOWARDS ThE END OF ThE YEAR
         wOOD-fEMALE-hEN (S-iN-MO-BYA--i ~ 2 5 a.d.) HE CAME TO lHO-
         BRAd. aT ThE BEG-iNN-iNG OF ThE YEAR wOOD-mALE-hORSE
         (S-iN-PHO-RTA--} 234 a.d.) HE CAME TO bR-i-KHUN/ AND ThEN SPENT
         E-iGH~ W-iNTERS AT MkHAR-CLLU. tHE F-iRST OF ThE E-iGHT SUMMERS
         ~AS SPENT BY H-iM AT gRO-BO-LUN. dUR-iNG ThE NEXT S-iX
         (SUMMERS) HE STAYED AT yA-RGYAL. h-iS LAST SUMMER WAS
         SPENT AT yAR-'BROG. RHOUGH HE D-iD NOT -iNA-iNTA-iN CLASSES/
                                                                          p.607
         AND SPENT H-iS T-iME -iN SOL-iTARY PLACES/ HE GAThERED ROUND H-iM-
         SELF ABOUT 500 MONKS OF GOOD BEHAV-iOUR. fROM lHO-BRAG HE
         JOURNEYED To pHAG-MO-GRU BY WAY OF yAR-KLUNS. tHE pREC-iOUS
         SpYAN-SNA CAME ON FOOT TO RECE-iVE H-iM AT pHYAG-'RShAL-SGAN
         AT ThE HEAD OF A PROCESS-iON. hE OFFERED SpYAN-SNA PRESENTS
         AND ASKED H-iM FOR AN -iNTRODUCT-iON TO ThE dOCTR-iNE (DHARMA-
         BANDHA/ CHOS-'BREL). tHE LATTER TAUGHT H-iM BOTh ThE dOCTR-iNE
         OF ThE pREC-iOUS l-iNEAGE AND -iTS SPEC-iAL -iNTERPRETAT-iON. tHEN
         HE PROCEEDED TO 'bR-i-KHUN tHEL. iN ORDER To AVO-iD A RECE~
         T-iON/ HE CAME ThERE SECRETLY/ AND HAV-iNG SEEN H-iS NEPHEW/
         MADE LARGE OF~ER-iNGS. tHE ThREE BROThERS ALSO GAThERED ThERE.
         iN ThAT YEAR HE RECE-iVED AN -iNV-iTAT-iON TO V-iS-iT SgAM-PO/ AND
         PROCEEDED ThERE. dUR-iNG Th-iS YEAR RHE DBoN r-iN-PO-CHE
         PASSED AWAY. iN ThE SAME YEAR HE AGA-iN V-iS-iTED 'bR-i-KHUN-
         tHEL/ AND PREACHED ThE DOCTR-iNE OF ThE ~s-iNGLE tHOUGHT" (8GB)
         (DgOR-iS-GC-iG)/ HAV-iNG D-iV-iDED -iT -iNTO SEVEN SECT-iONS (ThE
         sA-SKYA PAN-CHEN kUN-DGA' RGYAL-MTShAN REFUTED ThE DOCTR-iNE
         OF DgONS-GC-iG -iN H-iS FAMOUS TREAT-iSE SdOM-GSUM RAB-DBYE).
         SgOM-PA HAD ARRANGED FOR ThE CEREMON)( OF H-iS -iNSTALLAT-iON
         AS ABBOT/ BUT HE D-iD NOT CONSENT. sO/ ThE lORD SpYAN-SNA
         WAS ELECTED ABBOT -iNSTEAD. hE AGA-iN PROCEEDED TO SgAM-PO.
         iNSP-iTE OF AN -iNV-iTAT-iON BY lORD yA-TSE-BA/ HE D-iD NOT GO
         ThERE. tHE r-iN-PO-CHE dAM-PA 'gAR HAV-iNG COME TO
         bTU-MDA'/ ThEY PREACHED ThE dOCTR-iNE TO EACH OThER. mOST
         OF ThE D-iSC-iPLES OF ThE SECOND HALF OF H-iS L-iFE/ OR-iG-iNATED FTOM
         dAGS. hE PASSED AWAY AT ThE AGE OF 55 -iN ThE YEAR iRON-
         fEMALE-oX (iCAGS-MO-GLAN--1 24 1 a.d.). hE MADE RHE
         PROM-iSE ThAT -iN H-iS FUTURE L-iFE H-iS (BODY/ SPEECH AND M-iND)
         W-iLL BE UN-iTED W-iTh ThE BODY/ SPEECH AND M-iND OF '~-iG-RTEN
         MGON-PO (ThE dHARMASVAM-iN OF 'bR-i-KHUN). hE ALSO OCCUP-iED
         ThE CHA-iR OF SgAM-PO AFTER ThE UPADHYAYA 'dUL-'DZ-iN.
         DpAL ~R;-R-i pHUG-PAH hE STUD-iED UNDER '~-iG-RTEN MGON-PO
         AND OBTA-iNED SP-iR-iTUAL REAL-iZAT-iON. hE JOURNEYED TO aMDO
         (MdO-SMAD)/ PER~ORMED ThERE VAR-iOUS WORKS/ AND BU-iLT @#E
         TEMPLE OF yUL-SKYON.
         SpO SPO BkRA-S-iSH H-iS NAT-iVE COUNTRY WAS zANS-R-i lUGU-
                                                                          p.608
         SGAN. aT ThE T-iME OF ThE CONTEST -iN SUPERNATURAL POWERS
         HELD BY ThE D-iSC-iPLES (O~ ThE dHARMASVAM-iN)/ HE ShOWED MANY
         M-iRACLES/ SUCH AS TRANS~ORM-iNG H-iMSEL~ -iNTO ThC LETTER ~a" ON
         ThE HEART OF ThE dHARMASVAM-iN. a S-iDDHA NAMED GtSAN-Z-iG/
         D-iSC-iPLE OF ThE dHARMASVAM-iN/ FOUNDED ThE MONASTERY O~
         ~AN-RGYAL OF G~AL. bECAUSE OF H-iS ADD-iCT-iON TO W-iNE/ ThE
         W-iNE SACR-iF-iCE ON ThE DAY OF H-iS DEATh -iS OBSERVED TO ThE
         PRESENT DAY W-iThOUT -iNTERRUPT-iON. hE WAS SUCCEEDED BY ~AN
         ~AN-RGYAL-BA/ NAMED Gz-i-BR~-iD r-iN-CHEN/ WHO WAS ALSO A
         D-iSC-iPLE OF GL~OS RgYAL-BA lHA-NAN-P?. hE RECE-iVED ThE F-iNAL
         MONAST-iC ORD-iNAT-iON FROM ThE kHA-CHE PAN-CHEN sAKYASRL AND
         ~HAG DgR~BCOM. aFTER H-iM G~-iS-BA G~AL-Z-iG. (h-iS) NAME
         WAS RgYAL-BA r-i-KHROD SEN-GE. hE WAS F-iRST A D-iSC-iPLE OF ~HHU-
         M-iG-PA/ BUT LATET HE BECAME H-iS TEACHER/ AND ESTABL-iShED H-iM
         -iN ThE ~-iNE OF ThE mAHAMUDRA. hE PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON
         AT 'bRUG FOUNDED BY dAGS-PO SgOM-TShUL. aFTER ThAT ThE
         NAMES OF BOTh MONASTER-iES MERGED/ AND ThEY BECAME KNOWN
         AS ~AN-'BRUG. aFTER H-iM GsAL-R~E-BA/ WHO MADE ThE -iNaHAB-i- (GOA)
         TANTS OF GyUR-SPE ABANDON ThE TAK-iNG OF L-iFE. t-iLL ThE PRESENT
         DAY ThERC E~C-iSTS A CONSTANT CUSTOM OF G-iV-iNG AN OATh (TO AB-
         STA-iN FROM TAK-iNG L-i~E) BEFORC A rEL-iG-iOUS pROTECTOR. aFTER
         H-iM MkHS-GRUB R-iN-CHEN RGYAL-MTShAN. s-iX TEACHERS HAVE
         FOLLOWCD H-iM TO ThE PRESENT DAY/ BUT ThE NAMES OF ThE F-i~SR
         ThTEE HAwELL'T BEEN FOUND. tHEN ~HHOS-RGYAL r-iN-CHEN/ r-iN-
         CHEN BLO-GROS AND ThE PRESENT r-iN-CHEN DPAL-BZANS/ zA-RA-
         BA/ ThE gREAT/ WAS AN -iNCARNAT-iON OF GtSAN-Z-iG. DgA'-LDAN
         WAS (ONC) OF H-iS ThREE RES-iDCNCES. iN H-iS L-i~E HE. WAS A MONK.
         tHERE WAS A SAY-iNG ThAT ~wHENEVER ThE -iNaHAB-iTANTS O~ GyUR-
         5PE MADE A W-iNE OFFER-iNG TO ThE -iMAGE OF GtSAN-Z-iG/ ThE MONK
         zA RA OF ~;~'-LDAN USED TO GET -iNTOX-iCATED" (BECAUSE HE WAS
         CONS-iDERED ~O ~E AN -iNCARNAT-iON OF GtSAN-Z-iG). tHE cHAPTER
         ON ThE dH~RMASVAM-iN OF 'L~R-i-KHUN AND H-iS D-iRECT D-iSC-iPLES.
         tHE l-iNEAGE OF aBBOTSH tHE pREC-iO--iS UPADHY;LYA (MkHAN
         R-iN~ CBE) Rd~R~E TShUL-KHR-iMS/ BORN -iN Th~ YELR wOOD-mALE-
         dOG (S-iN-PHO KHY-i--1154 a.d.). aT ThE T-iM~ OF ThE DEATh
         OF ThE dHARMASVAM-iN (O~ 'bR-i-KHUN) HE WAS 64/ ;iND BCCAME
                                                                          p.609
         ABBOT. hE D-iED AC TLLE AGC OF 68 H~ ThE N-OLLTL- OF kARTT-iKA
         (SM-iN-DRUG) OT ThE YEAR iRON-sERPENT (iCAGS-SBRUL--1221 a.d.).
         aFTER H-iM DBoN r-iN-PO-CL~E WHO WAS A NEPHEW OF CL-E dHAR-
         MASVAM-i-iL (O~ 'bR-i-KHUN). hE WAS B~RN -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-
         fEMALE-sHEEP (ME-MO-LUG--1187 a.d.). iN H-iS YOUTh HE
         OBTA-iNED ~TECEPTS -iN ThE ~RESENCE OF ThE dHARMASVAN~-iN (OF
         'bR-i-KHUN). tHE dHAR-iNASVAM-iLL D-iED WHEN HE WAS 3 1 . fROM
         ThE YEAR wATER-hORSE (CHU-RTA--1222 a.d.) T-iLL ThE YEAR
         wOOD-hO~SE (S-iN-RTA--1234 a.d.)/ FOR 13 YEARS/ HE OCCUP-iED
         ThE CHA-iR.
            tHE lORD SpYAN-S-i-iA WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR wOOD sHEE~
         (S-iN-LUG--i 1 75 a.d.). aT ThE AGE OF 60/ -iN ThE YEAR wOOD-
         hORSE (S-iN-RTA--1234 a.d.) HE CAME TO 'bR-i-KHUL-i/ AND DUR-iNG
         2'' YEARS ACTED AS ABBOT. ~LE D-iED AT ThE AGE OF ~1 -iN ThE
         YEAR wOOD-hARE (S-iN-YOS--L 2~5 a.d.). G~UL; r-iN-PO-CHE
         Rd~R~E ~RAGS-PA/ A MAN-iFESTAT-iON OF t-iLL-iPA/ WAS BORN -iN ThE
         YEAR iRON-ShEEP (iCAGS-LUG--1211 a.d.). wHEN ThE dHAR-
         MASVAN~-iN D-iED/ HE WAS SEVEN. DBoN D-iED/ WHEN HE WAS 24.
         aT ThE AGE OF 45/ -iN ThE YEAR wOOD-hARE (S-iN-YOS--L2s/G
         a.d.) HE CAME To ThE ABBOT'S CHA-iR. hE D-iED AT ThE AGE OF
         69 -iN ThE YEAR eARTh-hARE (SA-YOS--i 279 a.d.). tHOG-KHA-
         PA r-iN-CHEN SEN-GE WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-fEMALE-hOG
         (ME-MO-PHAG--12~7 a.d.). hE WAS 53/ WHEN G~ HUN D-iED.
         fROM ThE YEAR eARTh-hARE (SA-YOS--~279 a.d.) T-iLL ThE YEAT
         wOOD-~EN (S-iN-BYA--1~85 a.d.)/ FOR SEVEN YEARS/ HE OCCU-
         P-iED ThE CHA-iR. hE D-iED AT ThE AGE OF 39. MtShAMS-BCAD-
         PA gRAGS..PA BSOD-NAMS WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR iRON-mALE-mOUSE
         (iCAGS-PHO-BY-i-BA--1~40 a.d.). hE WAS 46/ WHEN tHOG- (GOB)
         KHA-PA D-iED. hE D-iED AC.ThE AGE O~ 49 -iR-i ThE YEAR OF ThE
         mOUSE (BY-i-LO--1288 a.d.). tHE r-iN-PO-CHE ~HOS-SGO-BA
         RdO-R~E YE-SES (WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAT) wOOD-ShEEP (CHU-LUG--
         1223 a.d.). hE WAS 66/ WHEN MtShAMS-BCAD-PA D-iCD.
         hE D-iED AT ThE AGE OF 71 -iN ThE YEAR wATER sERPENT (CHU-
         SBRUL--L293 a.d.). tHE r-iN-PO-CHE RdOR-R-iN-PA WAS BORN
         -iN ThE YEAR eARTh-mALE-t-iGER (SA-PH~STAG--1 278 a.d.). hE
         WAS 16/ WHEN ~HHOS-SGO-BA D-iED. hE H-i~NSELF D-iED AT ThE AGE
                                                                          p.610
         OF 38/ -iN ThE YEAT wOOD-hATE (S-iN-YOS--131~ a.d.). TdO-
         R~E TGYAL-PO WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR wOOD~mALE-aPE (S-iN-PHO-
         SPTE'U--1284 a.d.). hE WAS 32/ WHEN RdOT-R-iN-PA D-iED.
         hE D-iED AT ThE AGE ~F 68 -iN ThE YEAT KON-hATE (iCAGS-YOS--
         1391 a.d.). ~HHO~KY-i-RGYAL-PO WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR wOOD-
         fEMALE hOG (S-iN-MO-PHAG--1335 a.d.). hE WAS 17/ WHEN
         RdO-R~E RGYAL-PO D-iED. R~E r-iN-PO-CHE BlO-BZAN GRAGS-PA
         (tSON-KHA-PA) HAD BEEN H-iS D-iSC-iPLE. aFTER H-iM/ dRUN
         BSES-GNEN-PA/ DbAN-BA AND ~HHO~R~E dRUN-CHEN. R~E r-iN-PO-CHE
         (tSON-KHA-PA) WAS BORN(-iN 1357)/ WHEN ~HHOS-KY-i RGYAL-PO
         WAS 23. fROM ThE B-iRTh OF '~-iG-RTEN MGON-PO T-iLL ThE DEATh
         OF RdO-R~E RGYAL-PO 209 YEARS HAVE PASSED. t-iLL ThE PRESENT
         f-iRE-mALE-aPE (ME-PHO.SPRE'U--1476 a.d.) YEAR 334 YEARS
         HAVC PASSED. tHE. cHAPTER ON ThE SUCCESS-iON OF ABBOTS OF
         ThE 'bR-i-KHUN-PAS.
            tHE l-iNEAGE OF DpAL StAG-LUN-~HAN-PA tHE GREAT StAG-
         LUN-ThAN-PA BkRA-S-iS-DPAL WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR wATER-mALE-
         dOG (CHU-PHO-KHY-i--1 142 a.d.) AS SON OF FAThER bAN-BLON-
         'BAR-PO AND MOThER bRAB-S-i-GZA' DgE-SUM KHRO-MO -iN GyAL-i-SOD
         BON-RA-STENS. iN ThE NEXT YEAT ThE dHARMASVAM-iN OF 'bR-i-
         KHUN WAS BORN. hE BELONGED TO ThE KlU-DGE FAM-iLY/ A
         BRANCH OF ThE dBRAG-Z-i-'BR-iN-PO (~M-iDDLE") CLAN. h-iS MOThER
         D-iED EARLY AND H-iS FAThER MARR-iED A SECOND W-iFE WHO TOOK
         A D-iSL-iKE TO ThE BOY. tHEN (ThE FAThER) TOOK YET ANOThER W-iFE
         WHO BECAME FOND OF ThE CH-iLD. iT -iS SA-iD ThAT WHEN ThE CH-iLD
         GREW OLDER/ HE MADE SEVERAL ATTEMPTS TO ENTER REL-iG-iON/ BUT
         WAS PREVENTED BY H-iS FAThER. wHEN HE REACHED ThE AGE OF
         1 8/ HE RAN AWAY TO BlA-GAN-PA AT tHAN-SKYA iHA-KHA-i~ AND
         RECE-iVED ORD-iNAT-iON -iN ThE PRESENCE OF ThE UPADHYAYA gA-STON
         BlA-GAN-PA ~ES-RAB RDO-R~E/ AND ThE ACARYA tShAR-STON SGO-
         MANS-PA. wHEN ThE CEREMONY HAD BEEN PERFORMED/ ThE
         PURSUERS SENT BY ThE BOY'S FAThER ARR-iVED ThERE. sA-iD ThE
         FAThERH ~i HAVE HEARD ThAT YOU HAD G~ADES (AMONG MONKS) (GLA)
         ACCORD-iNG TO ThE SEN-iOR-iTY OF ORD-iNAT-iON. hE -iS KNOWN AS MY
         SON/ SON OF KlU-DGE 'BAR-PO/ DO NOT PLACE H-iM AT ThE END OF
         ThE ROW.!" tHE UPADHYAYA ThEN PLACED H-iM AT ThE HEAD OF ThE
                                                                          p.611
         FRONT ROW. hC HEARD FROM ThE KALYAYNA-M-iTRA bRAG-DGON-PA
         ThE sPHUTARThA ('gREL-CHUN BY hAR-iBHADRA)/ T6E bODH-iCARYAVA-
         TARA (SpYOD-'~UG)/ ThE sLKSASAM~-iCCAYA/ ThE bODH-iPAThAPRADLPA
         (ThE lAM-SGRON OF aT~SA) AND ThE dOHA (OF sARAHA). aT ThAT
         T-iME HE HAD ThE -iNTENT-iON OF GO-iNG TO iND-iA/ AND HEARD ThAT
         idAN~ A BLA-MA ~ER-'BAL WAS GO-iOG ThERE. tHEY SETTLED TLLC
         DATE/ BUT ThEN ThE LATTER D-iD NOT COME. L'HEN HE ThOUGLLT ~F
         MAK-iNG FR-iENDS W-iTh ThE SpON-PO-BA BLA-MA a-SKYABS/ BUT ThE
         LATTER PASSED CARLY -iN ThE ~NORN-iNG/ AND LLE M-iSSED H-iM. wHEN
         HEHAD REACHED RdAN-KHAN-DMAR/ HE WAS OVERTAKEN BY A
         PURSUER/ AND WAS FORCED TO TURN BACK. tHEN AGA-iN (HE HEARD)
         ThE BLA-MA hWA-SAN SAY-iNG TLLAT HE WAS GO-iNG TO iND-iA/ AN~L
         (HE) SETTLED ThE DATE/ BUT ThE LATTER LEFT BEFORE (H-iS COM-iNG).
         tHE pREC-iOUS oNE HA~-iNG LOADED TWO LEAThER BAGS (SGRO-BA)
         ON A HORSE/ STARTED OFF DUR-iNG ThE N-iGHT. sNOW FELL/ AND HE
         FELT COLD AND Th-iRSTY. wHEN HE HAD REACHED gRU-MUR OF
         bRAB-S-i SAM-PA/ HC WAS AGA-iN OVERTAKEN BY A PURSUER/ AND
         AGA-iN HAD TO RETURN. aT tHAN-SKYA lHA-ThEL HE SAW NUMER-
         OUS PEOPLE ENGAGED -iN GAThER-iNG ThE AUTULNN HARVEST/ AND A
         GTEAT SADNESS OVERCANLE H-iM. aFTER Th-iS HE PERCE-iVED ALL
         EXTCRNAL OBJCCTS AS HAV-iNG NO SUBSTANT-iAL-iTY. oNE N-iGHT -iN A
         DREAM HE SAW ON A PATh FULL OF ThORNS WHERC ThERC WAS NO
         PLACE To STEP AS-iDE/ A TALL BLACK WOMAN WHO EMBRACED H-iM.
         w-iTh FULL FA-iTh ThAT HE WAS A DE-ilY (iHA-I L-iA-RGYAL/ ThC UTPANNA-
         KRAMA DEGREE)/ HE SUBDUED HER AND ShE SA-iDH '~nOW LET ME
         GO ! yOU ARE BLESSED BY ThE Th-iRTEEN GODS!" aGA-iN AT tHAN-
         SKYA/ AN OLD WOMALL WHO HAD RETURNED TO L-iFE/ SA-iD TO H-iMH
         ~sUCH A Th-iNG W-iLL HAPPEN TO YOU ! aND MANY ATTENDANTS W-iLL
         COLLLE TO YOU." lATER/ ThE WORDS OF 'gRO-MGON AGREED W-iTh
         (ThE WOMAN'S PROPHECY). oN ONE OCCAS-iON/ WHEN HE WAS
         ~O-iN~ FROM tHAN-SKYA TO StEN-KHAN/ HE ASKED A FORTUNE-TELLER
         TO EXAM-iNE H-iS FORTUNE (pHAG MO-GTU-PA-I SKU-CLLA/ NAME OF
         A METhOD OF FORTUNE-TELL-iNG). sA-iD ThE MA~ yOU W-iLL BE
         .i POWERFUL MAN/ AND YOU W-iLL GAThER A F-iCLD OF GOLD. yOU
         W-iLL BE GO-iNG TO A MOUNTA-iN OF YELLOW COLO~-iR AND A GREY PLA-iN.
         iF YOU DO NOT PERFORM A MAG-iC R-iTE/ YOUR HEAD M-iGHT BC
                                                                          p.612
         BROKEN/ OR A BOULDER FROTN ThE MOUNTA-iLL S-iDE M-iGHT STR-iKE
         YOU." hE SPENT ONE SUMMER AT Rt-iL-i-SER. wH-iLE HC WAS
         STAY-iNG ATSL~CL-NE/ AN -iMAGE OF pHAG-MO-GRU-PA WAS SENT TO (GiB)
         ThE BLA-MA TmOG (WHO SA-iD TO H-iM)H ~aRE YOU ABLE TO
         WORSh-iP Th-iS -iMAGE?" hE PREPARED A VOT-iVE LA~NP/ AND WENT TO
         O~ER -iT (TO ThE -iMAGC). (oN SEE-iNG -iT)/ HE FELT -iN H-iMSELF ThAT
         HE N1UST GO AND MEET Th-iS tEACHER. wHEN HE WAS ABOUT TO
         START FOR DBuS/ HE SAW -iN A DREAM ThAT HE WAS CL-iMB-iNG A TALL
         LADDER/ AND ThAT WHEN HE WAS ABOUT TO REACH ThE TOP/ A B-iG
         WH-iTE MAN APPEARED/ TOOK HOLD O~ H-iS HAND/ AND SA-iDH '~uNLESS
         i PULL YOU/ YOU CAN'T REACH!" lATER 'gRO-MGON (pHAG-MO-GRU-PA~
         SA-iD To H-iMH ~tHE WH-iTE MAN WAS 1." hE ThEN ~ED TOWARDS
         'bY-i AND REACHED Rt-iN-SER. aFTER ThAT/ HE PROCEEDED TO ThE
         RES-iDENCE OF ThE ACARYA sANS-RGYAS-SKYABS AT StEN-BYAN/
         AND SPCNT SEVERAL DAYS ThERE. wHEN HE CAME TO MdOR-lHA-
         STENS/ HE ARRANGED ~OR A SERVANT AND A HORSE/ AND ThEN FORDED
         TLLE R-iVER. tHEY M-iSSED ThE FOTD/ AND WERE ALMOST CARR-iED
         AWAY BY ThE STREAM/ BUT H-iS HORSE PLACED -iTS FOOT ON A PATCH
         OF DRY GTOUND/ AND HE WAS ABLE TO COME OUT (OF ThE STREAM).
         a~TER ThAT/ HE REACHED ThE nORThERN ROUTE AND JO-iNED StON-
         BZER BCU-STON WHO WAS PROCEED-iNG TO bYA-YUL TO ARRANGE ThERC
         FOR AN ETERNAL VOT-iVE LAMP. wHEN ThEY HAD REACHED ~HOM-
         ThAN/ ThE ~OM-PAS AND ThE pHON-MDO-BAS WERE HARVEST-iNG.
         a PHYS-iC-iAN OF L;LAN-PA SA-iD To H-iMH '~sOME OF MY COUS-iNS
         -iN MY NAT-iVE PLACE ARE TAK-iNG SALT TO SELL -iT AT ThC GATES OF
         pHAG-MO-GRU." hE FOLLOWCD ThEM/ AND BY WAY OF KlUNS-
         SOD REACHED L~LAN. tHEN HAV-iNG JO-iNED SOME MERCHANTS/ iLc
         REACHED 'oN. fROM ThERE/ HE CONT-iNUED ThE JOURNEY ALONE
         ThROUGH ThE GORGE O~ L~AN/ AND CAME TO tShA-RON. tHEN HE
         JO-iNED A bON-PO COUPLE/ AND AFTER ThEY HAD COVERED ThE WORST
         PART OF ThE ROAD/ HE GOT A GL-iMSE OF ThE WH-iTE-WAShED WALLS
         O~ ThE MONASTERY (pHAG-MO-GRU). hE WENT STRA-iGHT TOWA~DS
         ThE GATE/ AND WAS ABOUT -TO ENTER -iT/ WHEN 'bROG-CHUN-PA
         BARRED ThE ROAD. tHEN s-iN-STON RECE-iVED H-iM/ AND HE MET
         ThE BlA-MA -iN ThE AFTERNOON (DRO-RT-iN). hE OFFERED ThE BlA-
         MA A P-iECE OF GOLD/ AND 'gRO-MGON (pHAG-MO-GRU-PA) -iNQU-i-
                                                                          p.613
         REDH ~aRE YOU NOT T-iRED?" hE REPL-iEDH ~'1 WAS ALMOST
         CARR-iED AWAY BY ThE STREAM/ BUT MY HORSE PUT -iTS FOOT ON A
         ~ATCH OF DRY GROUND AND PULLED ME OUT." pHAG-MO-GRU-PA (G2A)
         SA-iDH ~1 WAS ThERE AT ThAT T-iME ~OR YOU WERE TO COME/ EVEN
         -iF i WERE RES-iD-iNG -iN wAJRASANA. fOR i AM NOT (YOUR) tEACHER
         OF Th-iS REB-iRTh ONLY/ FOR i HAVE BEEN ThC tEACHER WHO HAD
         PRODUCED KNOWLEDGE -iN YOU!" (NAMS-RTOGS BSKYED-PA-I BLA-MA)
         tHEN AT ThE T-iME OF ThE OL~ER-iNG CEREMONY/ 'gRO-MGON SA-iDH
         ~ wHEN ThE NEW-COMER HAD COME TO ThE DOOR/ BUT D-iD NOT YET
         ENTER -iNS-iDE/ ThE NEW-COMER'S DOUBLE SEPARATED FROM H-iS BODY
         AND WAS ABSORBED -iN ME ! lATER/ YOU W-iLL GAThER ROUND YOUR-
         SELF NUMEROUS PR-iESTS/ AMONG WHOM ThERE W-iLL BE SOME EQL~AL TO
         YOU." StAG-LUN-ThAN-PA ThOUGHTH ~iF SO/ W-iLL ThERE BE ANY-
         ONE GREATER ThAN ME -iN Th S COUNTRY ?" 'gRO-MGON SA-iD To
         ThE ATTENDANT SbA~SGOMH "o SbAS-SGOM ! hOW Th-iS NEW-
         COMER RESEMBLES bYA-YUL-PA ! a ! " a~TET ThREE MONThS HE
         (StAG-LUL;-ThAN-PA) ThOUGHT ThAT HE COULD CURE H-iMSELF BY
         PRAYER/ EVEN -iF H-iS BRA-iN WERE TO ~OW OUT. w-iTh ONE GOLDEN
         ZO HE PREPARED A MANDALA AND OT~ERED -iT To 'gRO-MGON/ AND
         TOLD H-i-iNaH L REQUEST YOUR BLESS-iNG ONLY! i DO NOT ASK
         FOR PRECEPTS." 'gRO-MGON SM-iLED AND ACCEPTED ThE GOLD.
         hAV-iNG G-iVEN BACK ThE MANDALA/ HE SA-iDH ~tHERE -iS H-i
         SAY-iNG ThAT ThROUGH FA-iTLL ONE -iS ABLE TO RESTORE HEALTh! oF~ER
         RLLE MANDALA AND PRAYERS! yOU ST-iLL HAVE MANY Th-iNGS TO
         SEE!" tHEN ON ONE OCCAS-iON HE TOLD H-iMH ~'kEEP WHATEVER
         DOCTR-iNE YOU HAVE HEARD! iT -iS NOT ESSENT-iAL ThAT ThE L-iNE
         ShOULD OR-i3~-iNATE W-iTh ME. aLL ThESE DOCTR-iNES W-iLL BE NEEDED
         BY YOU." ~iN t-iBET/" SA-iD 'gRO-RR.GON/ ~ThERE WAS NO ONE
         MORE D-iS-iNTERESTED ThAN ~U-BYAS D~OS-GRUB/ BUT HE POSSESSED
         A l~-i-Y-i-PA (NAME OF A BOOK WH-iCH BELONGS TO ThE sAMVARA
         cYCLE). iN iND-iA ThETE WAS NO ONE MORE D-iS-iNTERESTED ThAN
         b-i-RU-PA (w-iRUPA)/ BUT HE POSSESSED AN aSTASAHASR-iKA (-pRAJNAPA-
         RAM-iTA)." aGA-iN ON ONE OCCAS-iON HE SA-iDH "pRECEPTS MEAN
         ThE WORSh-iP O~ ONE'S tEACHER. h-iDDEN PRECEPTS MEAN ONE'S
         -iND-iV-iD--iAL EXPER-iENCE." (StAG-LUN-ThAN-PA) USED TO SAY ~ ROM
         ThEN ON/ ThERE WAS NOT A S-iNGLE SLOKA/ UTTERED BY H-iM/ ON
                                                                          p.614
         WH-iCH i D-iD NOT WR-iTC A NOTE." oNCE 'gRO-MGON BESTOWED
         (ON H-iM) A CERTA-iN PRECEPT/ AND StAG-LUN-ThAN-PHL FEAR-iNG TO
         FORGET -iT/ WROTE -iT OUT ON A WALL/ AND ThEN WENT OUTS-iDE.
         wHEN HE AGA-iN CAME -iNS-iDE/ HE S~W ThE PRECEPT/ AND
         HENCEFORTh D-iD NOT FORGET -iT. tHREE YEARS A~TER H-iS COM-iNG TO
         pHAG MO-GRU/ 'gRO-MGON TOLD H-iMH ~eVEN -iF YOU WERE TO GO
         NOW/ YOUR ABBOT AND tEACHER W-iLL COME (TO YOu) FOR
         -iNSTRUCT-iON -iN ThE dOCTR-iNE." oN ANOThER OCCAS-iON HE SA-iDH
         ~yOU W-iLL ACT AS ThE MASTER OF MY dOCTR-iNE!" 'gRO-MGON
         TOLD H-iMH ~bECOME A MONK!" hE REPL-iEDH ~1 AM GO-iNG To
         PRACT-iSE MED-iTAT-iON. pRAY DO NOT ORDA-iN ME!" '~iT DOES NOT
         MATTER/ SA-iD 'gRO-MGON/ ~'DpAL RgWA-LO HAD BEEN A (9~ B)
         MONK ALSO/ AND YET HE HAD PRACR-iSED MED-iTAT-iON FOT SEVEN
         YEARS AT GL~AM-MTShO/'/ AND HE ADDEDH ~nOW-ADAYS ONE
         ShOULD LOLLOW ThE PRACT-iCE OF GREAT MEN!/' oN ONE
         OCCAS-iON/ WHELL StAG-LUR;-ThAR;-PA WAS REST-iNG ON H-iS BED/ LLE
         SUDDENLY RECOLLECTED A CHAPTER ON REL-iG-iON PREV-iOUSLY UNKNOWLL
         TO H-iM. tHEN 'gRO-MGON CAME -iN CARRY-iNG A STAF~/ ~ND
         PO-iNT-iNG W-iTh ThE STAFF AT H-iS HEART/ SA-iDH ~nO ONE KNOWS -iT/
         BUT ME!" oNE N-iGHT HE S~W -iN A DREAM ThAT H-iS FAThER HAD
         G-iVEN H-iM A TE'U-CHU (A VESSEL). sA-iD 'gRO-MGONaH ~tH-iS
         -iND-iCATES ThAT YO~-i W-iLL ENJOY AN UNEXHAUST-iBLE STORE OF FOOD."
         aFTER TLLAT HE ~iSO SAW -iN A DREAM ThAT H-iS FAThER HAD G-iVEN
         LL-iM A KEY AND S-iNCE ThAT T-iME -iT BECAME UNNECESSARY FOR H-iN
         TO N~AKE ANY EhORTS (-iN H-iS MED-iTAT-iON). aT ThE AGE OF 24/
         i-E PROCEEDED TO pHAG-MO-GRU AT HAR~EST T-iME. hE SPENT S-iX
         YEARS AT pHAG-MO-GRU. DpAL pHAG-MO-GRU-PA HAV-iNG PASSED
         AWAY1 HE SPENT A -iNONTh AT pHAG-MO-GRU. iN ThE COMPANY
         OF OFF-iC-iALS/ ThE TREASURER/ ThE ALMS-G-iVER RmOG-SGOM AND
         OThERS/ LLE PROCEEDED TOWARDS mAL-'GRO/ AND ThERE HEARD ThE
         dOCTR-iNE FROM '~ HHAD-KHA-PA/ aT KlUR;S-SOD HE BEFR-iENDED
         SEVERAL BkA'-GDAMS-PAS AND WENT W-iTh ThEM. tHEY SA-iD TO
         LL-iMH '~cHANGE YOUR HAT!" BUT HE REPL-iEDH ~1 ShALL USE MY
         HAT AS PROTECT-iON (AGA-iLLsT ROBBERS) -iN uPPER DBu." aFTER
         ThAT HE PROCEEDED TO pHOR;-MDO-KHAR;-CHEN. tHE KALYANA-
         -iN-iTRL kHAN-CHEN-PA HAV-iNG COME O~-iT/ ThEY MET AT ThE ThRES-
                                                                          p.615
         HOLD. hE FELT FA-iTh BORN -iN H-iM AND StAG-LUN-ThAN-PA SPENT
         ONE W-iNTER -iN ThE tHAN-MGO MONASTERY AS H-iS HOUSE PR-iESE
         (BLA-MCHOD). aFTER ThE SPR-iNG OF (ThAT YEAR) HE STAYED AT
         sE-GLE. aBOUT ThAT T-iME/ HE RECE-iVED AN -iNV-iTAT-iON AND A
         GOOD HORSE FROM kHAMS/ AND PROCEEDED TO pHAG-MO-GRU.
         hE SPENT ONE SUMMER BU-iLD-iNG CA-iYAS FOR REL-iCS AND LOOK-iNG
         AFTER ThE -iMAGE-MAKERS. hE OF~ERED PRESENTS/ -iNCLUD-iNG
         HORSES/ ETC. dUR-iNG ThE YEAR ThAT FOLLOWED H-iS STAY AT
         sEGLE/ ThE ACARYA SgOM-PA CAME ThERE. wH-iLE HE WAS CL-iMB-
         -iNG ThE STONE STEPS LEAD-iNG TOWARDS ThE LATTER'S HOUSE/ HE
         (SgOM-PA) HEARD D-iST-iNCTLY ThE VO-iCE OF pHAG-MO-GRU-PA
         (SPEAK-iNG) -iNS-iDE/ AND ON ENTER-iNG ThE HOUSE/ HE SA-iDH "i
         HEARD YOUR VO-iCE AS ThE VERY VO-iCE OF pHAG-MO-GRU-PA. i
         RECOLLECT pHAG-MO-GRU-PA SAY-iNG FORMERLY ThAT ~i ShALL CARRY
         YOU ALONG W-iTLL ME WHEREVER i GO. tL -iS -iS ThE FULF-iLMENT OF (G3A)
         H-iS PROM-iSE." tHEN/ HAV-iNG REQUESTED AN ELDER OF ThE ~AN
         ~O-MA-RA-PAS TO ACT AS UPADHYAYA/ mAR-PA ~HOM-ThAN-PA AS
         KARMA-ACARYA/ AND ;~AN-STON SgO-M-iG-PA AS sECRET pRECEPTOR/
         HE RECE-iVED F-iNAL MONAST-iC ORD-iNAT-iON AT ~O-MA-RA. tHEN
         AGA-iN/ WHEN HE WAS RES-iD-iNG AT sE-GLE/ A MAN LEAD-iNG HORSES
         FOR H-iM (BSU-RTA/ A HORSE SENT FOR A GUEST TO R-iDE ON) CAME
         FROM kHAMS. wL-iEN ThE MAN HAD GONE TO GtSAN/ StAGLUN-
         ThAN-PA PROCEEDED TO pHAG-MO-GRU TO CONVEY PRESENTS. hE
         RETURNED SOON. iN ThE MEANWH-iLE kHAN-CHEN-PA HAV-iNG
         LEARNT OF H-iS -iNTENT-iON TO PROCEED TO kHAMS/ COLLECTED
         V-iLLAGERS WHO -iNS-iSTED ThAT HE ShOULD NOT GO TO kHAMS/ AND
         HE PROM-iSED TO REMA-iN. mANY PR-iESTS HAV-iNG GAThERED/
         ThE MONASTERY COULD NOT ACCOMMODATE ALL OF ThEM/ AND HE
         ThOUGHT OF MOV-iNG ThEM TO SOME OThER PLACE. tHEN A VO-iCC
         RESOUNDED FROM HEAVEN/ SAY-iNGH '~iN SEVEN YEARS FROM NOW
         ON/ YOU W-iLL CONTROL ThE ThREE dAR/ SbRAS AND rON." hE
         ThEN PTOCEEDED -iN SEARCH OF A HERM-iTAGE AS FAR AS bRAG-PO-CHE/
         BUT D-iD NOT F-iND (ANY SU-iTABLE PLACE)/ AND CAME BACK. wHEN
         HE REACHED tAR-MD~L/ 'gON-LUG SA-iDH ~tHE PLACE CALLED pH-i-R-i
         StAG-LUN HAD BEEN ThE RES-iDENCE O~ KALYANA-M-iTRA SpO-TO-BA.
         iN ThE UPPER PART (O~ ThAT VALLEY) ThERE EX-iSTS ALSO A GOOD ROCK-
                                                                          p.616
         C-iLVE.'/ hE PROCEE(~ED TO StAG-LU-i-i/ BLESSED ThE S-iTE/ .-iND
         SPENT A N-iGHT -iN ThE CA~E. aF~ER ThAT/ HE FOUNDED A HERM-iTAGE
         HiBOVE -iNdZO RA O~ StAG~ N/ AND TOOK UP RES-iDENCE ThERE.
         aT Th;~T T-iME ThE tEACHER AND H-iS D-iSC-iPLES NUMBERCD 18.
         wHEN ThE pREC-iOUS 'gRO-MGOLL HAD REACHED ThE AGE OF 60/ -iN
         TBE YEAR eARTh-fEMALE-oX (SA-MO-GLAN--1169 a-d.) HE MAN-i-
         ~ESTED S-iM~LLTANEOUSLY TWELVE ASPECTS O~ H-iS BODY. w-iTh TL~E
         LLELP OF ONE ASYECT OF H-iS BODY/ HE WAS ABLE To COVER W-iTLL H-iS
         FOOT ThE ENT-iRE REG-iON OF St~G-LUR-i AND BLESS -iT. hE ThEN
         TRANSFORMED ThE ENT-iRE EARTh OF StAG-LUN -iNTO MANTRA-CLHLY
         (SNAGS-'DAM OR BLESSED CLAY)/ AND ALL ThE WATER -iRLTO MANTRA-
         WATER (SR-iAGS-CHU -i.E. HOLY WATER). tHE pREC-iO~L.S 'gRO-MGON
         SA-iDH ~'tHERE -iN ThE nORTh/ -iS A REG-iON FOR (VOUR) EXTENS-iVE
         LABOURS. pERHAPS YO~-i HAVE TO GO TO kHAMS/ -iF SO/ GO TO
         kHAMS ONCE. aFTER TL~AT/ YO-L W-iLL COME ACROSS A PLACE (G3B)
         -iND-iCATED BY YOUR FORMER ACT-iONS. iN ThAT PLACE ALL YO~LR
         LABOURS W-iLL BE EXTENS-iVE. f~LRThER/ ThAT PLACE -iS VERY RUGGED
         AND ThERE EX-iST NUMEROLLS EV-iL DE-iT-iES AND DEMONS HEADED BY A
         DEMON WL O HAD OR-iG-iN~TED FROM MEN. (sO FAR) NO ONE W;LS
         ~BLE TO HOLD (ThE S-iTE). i HAVE TRODDEN w-iTLL MY FEET ALL ThE
         LAND/ AND S--iBDUED ALL ThE DE-iT-iES AND DEMONS/ AND MADE ThEM
         -iNTO BE-iNGS PERFORM-iLLG A LABOUR OF COMPASS-iON. nOW YOU
         W-iLL BE ABLE TO CONTROL Th;-T PLACE"/ SAY-iNG SO/ HE PROPHES-iEDH
         ThE LLORTh/ -iN ThE lAND OF sNOWS.. " aGA-iN A VO-iCE
         WAS HEARD FROM HEAVEN SAY-iNGH ~S-iLLCE YO--i ARE NOT YET -iN
         CONTROL OF StAG-L~-iN ShOULD UNPLEASAL~LLESS HAPPEN (ThERE)/
         CLLANGE PLACE./' tHERL ONE OF H-iS FR-iENDS DbAL-i-?HYUG-GRAGS BAV-
         -iTLG GONE To pHON-MDO/ A BEGGAR FROM SpRAS-PA BROKE H-iS HE~D/
         AND Th~LS ThE ACC-iDENT (-iND-iCATED -iRL ThE PROPHECY) TOOK PLACE
         (AND HE (StAG-L--iN-ThAN-PA) HAD TO CHANGE PLACE). sA-iD HEH
         'wE ShALL SPEND SEVEN YEARS AT sE BA-LUN"/ AND PROCEEDED
         ThERE. mANY MONKS GAThERED ThERE. lHA-R~E bOD-CHUN-BA
         AND pL~ON-MDO-BA PLANNED ThERE EXTENS-iVE CONSTR-RCT-iON WORKS
         (MKH~-iR-LAS) AND LA-iD ThE FOUNDAT-iON -iN E-iGHT DAYS. hE SA-iD TO
         ThEMH ~wE ShALL NOT STAY HERE! tLLE MONKS W-iLL BECOME NUMER-
         OUS ~ND WE ShALL BE NNABLE To ACCOMM<)DATE ThEM HRRE. i Sh~
                                                                          p.617
         MAKC st.L~ uL; ;L PL-i~CC wLLcRE iLL;LLLY ~OLLKcYs w-iTLL LOADS OF
         6ARLE~( W-iLL CROWD/" s~LY-iL~ SO/ ThEY ABANDO-iLED ThC S-iTC.
         aFTCR ThAT L~C WAS -iLLV-iTED TO StAG-LUL-i BY TLLC -iNLLLATES OF dAR/
         SpRAS/ rOL-i/ TL~C TL~REE/ A-i~D pHORL-MDO. aT ThE AGE OF 39/ -iN
         TL~C YCAR iROL~-mALE-~LOUSE iCAGS-PLLO-BY-i-BA--LL80 a. d.)
         L1c WAS WELCOMC~L Tg Bl;i-BRA-i-i nAG-PO (ThE ~biACK' mANS-iOL ~.
         .iN(L TOOK UP RES-iDENCE TLLERE. ~ROWS USED TO BR-iNG
         P-iECES OF ~OOD AL~D EARTL~/ WLLATEVER ThEY COULD F-iND/ AND
         DEPOS-iT ThCM OL~ TLLE S-iTE WHERE ThE ~)RESENT DAY yAN-DGON -iS
         S-iTUACED. tLLEN LLE -iNO~ED L~-iS -i-ES-iDENCE TO T6AT PLACE/ ALLD
         AFTER ThE LAPSE OF SEV~RAL YEARS/ TLLE BLA-MA zLA-'OD-PA AND
         OThERS FROM kHAMS CAME ThERE To -iNV-iTE H-iM. tLLEY -iNS-iSTED
         (ThAT HE ShOULD GO). tHELL TLLE tE~CHER ALLD LL-iS D-iSC-iPLES/ -iN
         ALL ABOUT F-iVE OR S-iX iNEN/ WENT AS FAR ~S ThE TOP OF ThE GlAL-i-
         L-iL-i LA PASS. aFTER PARTAK-iNG OF WATER ON ThE FDR S-iDE OF ThE
         ~NOUNTA-i-iL PASS/ HE AA-iDH ~ o DbAL-i-SER; ! PREPARE SOME STRONG
         TEA AND CUT BROWN S~LGAR ON TLL-iS P-iECE OF -iCE (WH-iCLL HE USED ;
         ;i TABLE). i AM TO GO TO kU-YUL-i-SGAL;S/' (ThE TEXT/ FOL. G7A/ HASH
         kHO-BOS kU-YUR;-SGAR;S-SU PLLY-iN-PA-Y-iN. tLLE PAST TENSE -iS
         HERE USED -iN ThE SENSE OF '~1 ~M To Go ..    "). hE SPENT
         TLLE N-iGHT TL~CRE/ HAV-iNG NLRLLED L~-iS FACE EASTWARDS. tLLE EASTERN
         ART OF SKY WAS CLOUDY/ BUT TL~E SKY OF ThE WESTERLL QUARTER (G4A)
         WAS CLEDR. tHEY -iNQU-iRED .LBOUT TLLE CAUSE/ AND LLE RE~L-iEDH
         ~tH-iS -iS ThC S-iGN O~ TLLE DOWNFALL OF tHA-i-i-SKYA.'/ nEXT MORLL-
         -iNG/ HE DECLARED ThAT LLE WO~LLD LABOUR FOR TLLE BENEF-iT OF L-iV-iN~
         BE-iNGS OF ThC EASTERN QUARTER/ ALLD BE~/AN PREDCH-iNG TLLE TLLRCC
         "-iNSEL~ARABLE (OBJECTS) OF RECOLLECT-iON" (tEACHER/ dEATLL AND
         oNE'S wOWS/ OR BLA-MA/ SDOM-P~L/ 'CLL-i-BA; M-i-'L~RAL-BA DRAN-~A
         GSUN~    HELL HE cALNC BACK/ 11E ~TAYED .iT kO-KHY-iM. pHOL-i-
         MDO-BA SA-iD TO TLLE MASSENGERS WL~O LL/D coLLLTH To iLLEET H-iLLL/
         ~OT TO T.LKE LL-iLLL TO kH-i~NLS/ ;~ND TLL~Y ;L~RCE~L. hE WAS TLLCN
         -iNV-iTED TO RETURL~.
            tHE SUMLLL~R OF ~ EXT YE;~ E ~)CNT .iT BkR;LB-T-i-i-i.
         aBOUT TLLAT T-i-iNC ~E-~A-D.LR-RE w15 K-iLLE~/ AND LLE WAS -iNV-iTED TO
         SCTTLE ;i D-iSPUT~ BETWECN TL~E dAR-YUL-BAS ALLD TLLE rOL-i-PAS.
         tHEY OFFERED LL-iNL dAR-RC'S HEAD/ A-i-D FREED MALLV PR-iSONCRS
                                                                          p.618
         WHO HAD BEEN CONV-iCTED FOR MUTDER. iN Th-iS MAL-iLLER BOTh
         dAR AND rON WERE CONTROLLED BY H-iM. tHEN/ WHEN HEWAS
         -iNV-iTED BY ThE SpRAS-PAS/ ThEY ALSO RECOGN-iZED H-iS AUThOR-iTY.
         tHE MANNER OF H-iS DA-iLY L-iFEH EACH MONTh/ FROLN ThE iST OF
         ThE MONTh T-iLL ThE LAST DAY OF ThE MONTh/ HE WOULD GET UP
         CARLY -iN ThE MORN-iNG AND WASh. tHEN HE WOULD OF~ER
         SALUTAT-iONS/ AFTER WH-iCH HE WOULD OFFER MANDALAS AND PRAYERS.
         aFTER SUNR-iSE/ H-iS ATTENDANT WOULD CHANGE ThE OL~ER-iNGS
         PLACED BEFORE H-iM/ AND ADDRESS H-iM (W-iTh TL~E WORDS)H
         ~pRAY BREAK YOUR S-iLENCE! aRE YOU -iN GOOD HEALTh?"
         hE ThEN WOULD PARTAKE OF FOOD/ AND ThE ATTENDANT WOULD
         REPORT TO H-iM ON ThE ACT-iV-iT-iES ("COM-iNG AND GO-iNG") OF ThE
         MONKS/ AS WELL AS OThER MATTERS. hE WOULD NOT SEE ANYONE
         ELSE. aFTER F-iN-iSh-iNG H-iS FOOD/ HE WOULD KEEP S-iLENCE T-iLL
         LUNCH T-iME. aT FOOD T-iME/ ThE ATTENDANT WOULD CHANGE ThE
         OF~ER-iNGS/ SAY-iNGH ~pRAY BREAK YOUR S-iLENCE/'/ AND AGA-iN
         WOULD -iNQU-iRE ABOUT H-iS HEALTh. hE ThEN WOULD OFFER H-iM
         SOME HOT SOUP. iN CASE OF AN -iNV-iTAT-iON TO AN -iMPORTANT
         PERSON/ H-iS ATTENDANT WOULD CONVEY ThE -iNESSAGE. aFTER
         F-iN-iSh-iNG H-iS M-i~ DAY lOOD/ HE WOULD MOUNT ThE PREACHER'S
         SEAT (CHOS-KHR-i)/ AND RECE-iVE V-iS-iTORS AND PREACH (ThE dOCTR-iNE).
         tHEN ABOUT TEA-T-iME/ ThEY WOULD OFFER H-iM SBUP. hE WOULD
         ThEN RET-iRE TO H-iS ROOM AND KEEP S-iLENCE. wHEN SOUP WAS
         READY/ HE WOULD BREAK S-iLENCE AGA-iN. tHE ATTENDANT WOULD
         O~ER SOUP/ AND ThEY WOULD -iNV-iTE OThERS/ AND ENTERTA-iN ThEM.
         lATER/ WHEN ThE NUMBER OF H-iS D-iSC-iPLES -iNCREASED/ HE KEPT
         S-iLENCE AFTER H-iS M-iD-DAY FOOD/ AND ThEN MOUNTED ThE PREA-
   (94B) CHERjS SEAT. e~E D-iD NOT PARTAKE OF EVEN-iNG TEA. aFTER
         MAK-iNG O~ER-iNGS/ HE WOULD KEEP S-iLENCE. tHE ATTENDANT WOULD
         OFFER H-iM TEA/ wHEN V-iS-iTORS CAME/ ThEY WERE UShERED
         -iNS-iDE. aFTER ThAT HE WOULD OFFER VOT-iVE LAMPS/ AND CHANGE
         ThE OFFER-iNGS. aFTER WH-iCH LLE WOULD PARTAKE OF SOME
         SOUP. aFTER ThAT/ -iF -iN GOOD HEALTh/ HE WOULD PREACH A~ GREAT
         LENGTh. aT ThE T-iME OF RET-iR-iNG TO BED/ HE WOULD OL~ER
         FOOD AND ThEN KEEP S-iLENCE. sUCH WERE H-iS DA-iLV WORKS.
         wHEN OF POOR HEALTh/ HE WOULD ABSTALN FROM PREACH-iNG ThE
                                                                          p.619
         dOCTR-iNC. wHEN H-iS HEALTh WAS ~OOD/ LLE WOUL~L PREACH
         DUR-iNG ThE ~)ER-iOD OF ThE -iNCREASE OF ThE MOON. fROM ThE
         i6TLL T-iLL ThE END OF TLLE MONTh HE WO~LD NOT ADM-iT ANYONE/
         LLNLESS .ThE ADM-iSS-iON WAS ARRANGED BEFOREHAND. iN GENERAL/
         AFTER H-iS ORD-iNA.T-iON/ HE D-iD NOT PARTAKE OF E-iThER MEAT/ OR
         W-iNE. hE NEVER PA-iD V-iS-iTS TO ThE TENTS AND HOUSES OF LAYMECL.
         hE D-iD NOT LOOSEN H-iS BELT. wH-iLE RES-iD-iNG AT pHAG-MO-GTU/
         HC NEVER WENT E-iThER R-iGHT/ OR LEFT FOR A WALK. aLSO HE
         NCVER ABSENTED H-iN~SELF/ WHENEVCR pHA~-MO GRU-PA REC-iTED
         E~ EN A S-iNGLE SLOKA. hE D-iD NOT PERM-iT MEAT OR WOMEN -iNS-iDC
         H-iS HOUSE. fROM yAN-DGON AND nAG-TShAN/ D~EY NEVER
         ENTERTA-iNED V-iS-iTORS W-iTh MEAT. iN ThE STREETS OF ThE MONAS-
         TERY W-iNE WAS FORB-iDDEN/ AND WOMEN WERE NOT PERM-iTTED
         TO STAY MORE ~LLAN ThREE DAYS -iNS-iDE ThE PREC-iNCTS OF ThE
         MONASTERY. tHEY WERE OBL-iGED TO REPORT TO H-iS RES-iDENCE AT
         nAG-TShAN ON ALL MATTERS/ SUCH AS ThE BO-iL-iNG OF SOUP (FOR
         ThE MONAST-iC CONGREGAT-iON)/ ThE SOULLD-iNG OF ThE BELL ~GANDL)/
         TLLE SOUND-iNG OF ThE WAK-iNG-S-iGNAL (CHAB-SKAD) -iN ThE
         MORLL-iNG/ TLLE BLOW-iNG OF ThE CONCH/ ThE ADORNMENT OF ThE
         TRUMPETS W-iTB S-iLVER TRAPP-iNGS (DUN-LUL-i 'GYED-PA) AND ThC
         OThER ACT-iV-iT-iES OF ThE iLLONKS. sOME OF TLLE WONDERFUL ~-i-iS-iONS
         (SEEN BY MONKS)H dAN-RA-BA ~O BO BGRES-PO (~LtHE OLD") OF
         SpRAS-PA SAW LL-iM AS ThE mASTER OF TLLE dOCTR-iNE (-i.E. ThE
         bUDDLLA); ~ES-RAB-D~AL SAW H-iM -iN ThE FORM OF TLLE gREAT
         mERC-iFUL oNE ~aVALOK-iTESVARA); SOME SAW H-iM AS sAMVARA-
         sAHAJA (BdE-MCHOG iHAN-SKYES/ ThE FOTLN W-iTh TWO ARN~S/
         REPRESENTED W-iTh ThE ~AKT-i~/ AS wAJRAVARAHL AND UNDER
         N~LMBERLESS OThER FORMS. nUMEROUS OThERS SAW H-iM MAN-i-
         FEST-iNG D-iFFERENT BOD-iLY FORMS S-iN1ULTANEOUSLY. 'gRO-MGON
         (pHAG-MO-GRU-PA) SA-iD TO H-iMH ~tHERE LLAD BEEN ThREC
         iNDRABUDDLL-iS/ ThE F-iRST AND DLE LAST LLAVE BEEN 1/ ThE M-iDDLE
         ONE HAS BEEN YOU/ BUT ThE TLLREE ~a(ERE ONE BY NATURE !" wLL-iLE
         LLE WAS S-iTT-iNG ON TLLE ~REACHER'S SEAT/ SgOM-BSAM SAW H-iM
         -iN ThE FORM OF pHAG-MO-GRU-PA. aT Th~ T-iME OF H-iS DEATh/
   (95A) HE SA-iDH '~1 D-iD NOT SEPARATE FROM ThE sUGATA! " (MEAN-iNG
         ThE D-iSEASED ONE OR pHAG-MO-GRU-PA?. hE AND i ARE OF ONE
                                                                          p.620
         N~ D!" iN LL-iS ROOL-iL LLE SA-iD TO LL-iS NE~ CW D~ TEL~-
         (LAL~TS~     VC NCVER SEPAR;LTED FROM TLLC sL1BDTA"/ BUT.LS
         TLLEY COLLLD NOT UL~DCRSTALLD ThE MCAL~-iNG ~.F L~-iS WORDS/ 11~
         AD~LEDH ~'1 AM TLLE s~LGATA LL-iMSELF.'' hC WAS BORL- -iN ThC
         YCAR wATER-mALC-dOG (CH~L-PHO-KHY-i--1 -i42 a.l).). aT TLLC
         .L~E OF 10/ LLE RECE-iVE~L ORD-iNAT-iOLL. aT TLLC ;L~E OF 24/ 1
         L~ROCECDED TO DBuS .MD -i~TTENDED FOR S-iX YEARS O-i- 'gRO-MGON
         (pLLAG-MO-~RU~ ). aT TLLE AGE OF 29/ HC CAME TO pLLEN-
         ~
         AND SPENT SEVEN YE.LRS H~T p60L-i-MDO/ ~A-~LE .iND tL-AN-N-GO.
         tHEN TL~REE YCARS AT sE-BA-LUN. hAV-iNG COME TO StAG-LUL
         -iL~ TL~E YEAR L-iOLL-mOUSE (iCAGS-BY-i--1 180 a.d.)/ HE SPENT
         TLL-iRTY YEARS ThER~/ AND GAThERED ThERE NUMEROUS MONKS. aT
         TLLC T-iME OF LL-iS DEATh/ ThERE WERE idORE ThAN 3OOO MOLLKS.
         hC RECC-iVED NU-iLLERO~LS OFFER-iNGS OF BOOKS/ GOLD AND S-iL-ER.
         01L TLLREC OCCAS-iOL~S LLE V-iS-iTED pHAG-TNO-GRU/ AND ON TLLE TLL-iRD
         OCCAS-iON/ LLE RRESENTED LLUMEROUS OFFER-iNGS/ SUCLL AS GOLD AND
         S-iLVER -iMAGES/ 550 BOOKS OLL BLUE (MANUSCR-iPTS WR-iTTELL -iN
         GOLD OR S-iLVER ON ~-iARK BLUE PAPER) AND ORD-iNARY PAPCR/ 40
         ~>-iECES OF GOLD AND NLRQUO-iSES/ 60 BR-iCKS OF TE-iL/ 3OOO CERE-
         MO-i~ L S-iLK SCARVES/ A LLU-iLDRED MDZOS (A CROSSBREED BETWEEN
         ;i Y~K ;-ND ;L ~LOMEST-iC COW) AND LLORSES/ VO~ E LAMPS iLLADE
         OF N~ORE TLLAN A LLUNDRED GOLDEN SRANS/ MANY ROBES (BER) AND
         DRNLOUR-PLAT~S (KLLRAB). iN GENERAL/ HE OFFERCD AT pLLAB-
         idO-GNL 283 ETCRNAL VOT-iVE LAMPS. aT TLLE T-iME OF L--iS
         DEATL~/ LLE OLlERCD 700 BOOKS ON BLUE ~A~ER -i~-iLD NUMBERLCSS
         ~OLUM~HS ON ORD-iT~ARY (GREY) PAPER/ 50 -iNGOTS O~ GOLD AND
         T-i-iRQUO-iSES/ 2500 S-iLK SCARVES/ CTC. iN TLLE YEAR ~ARTh-fEM~LC-
         sER~)ENT (Sa-MO-SBRUL--i20~ a.d.)/ LLE LLEARD TLLE NEWS ThAT
         TLLE BOOKS OF pHAG-MO-GM iLAD BEEN TAKE-iL AWAY (BY 'bR-i-
         KLLU~ )A) AND TL--iS CAUSED LL-iM GREAT D-iSTRESS. h-iS HEALTh EVEN
         BECAME -iMPA-iRED. dUR-iNG ThE W-iNTCR/ LLE PREACHED Th(H
         dOCTR-iN~ ;iND RECE-iVED V-i~-iTORS O-i- ;i FEW OCC~S-iONS ONLY. tLLEY
         BEGGED LL-iM CO ~ERFORM R-iTES FOR H-iS HEALTLL/ B~LT HE REFUSED.
         ?~'HEN iLE WAS 69/ -iN TL~E SPR-iNG AND S-LMMER OF ThE hORSE
         YEAR (RT~-LO--1210 a.d.) HE L~REACHECL AND ADM-iTTED V-iS-iTORS
         ON NVO OR ThREE OCC~S-iONS ONLY. iN ThE EVEN-iNG OF TLLE 16TL-
                                                                          p.621
         DAY/ WH-iCH WAS A FULL-MOON DAY OF ThE mRGASLR~ MONTLL/ LLE
         ENTRUSTED ThE L-iBRARY'S KEY TO TLLE ~CARYA DBoN-PO ;LND S~-iDH
         ~t-iLL Th-iS T-iME YO~-i WERE RESPECTED BY ThEM. sTAY ON -iN ThE
         PLACE -iN WH-iCH ThCY HAD PL~CED YOU." tHE ACARY~ DBoN-PO
   (95B) -iNQU-iREDH ~pRAY G-iVE ME ThE KEY w-iTLL YOUR OWN L~ND/ HiND
         MjKE 3 W-iSh ThAT i M-iGLLT BENEF-iT L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS." hE D-iCL
         SO. oN ThE i7Th/ HE ShOWED LiJs F~-iCE TO ThE ~SSEMBLY/
         PRE~CHED REL-iG-iON AND LLELD CON~ERSAT-iONS. oN ThE 18TLL LLE
         ~TTENDED ThE CONGREG LT-iON. hE PASSED AW~Y ~LUR-iNG ThE EVEN-
         -iNG TEA ON ThE ~GTh. cN ThE CREMAT-iON O~ LL-iS REMA-iNS/ H-iS
         HE;~RT/ TONGUE AND EYES WERE RECOVERED ~-iNBURNT/ AND M~NY
         REL-iCS AND -iMAGES WERE RECOVERED (FROM TLLE AShES). oN TLLE
         Th-iRD DAY OF ThE NE.W YE~R MONTL~ tiLE lATE" Sk~i-Y~L
         r-iN-CHEN-MGON W~S -iNV-iTED TO OCCL-iPY ThE ABBOT'S CHA-iR. sOON
         AFTERWARDS sANS-RGYAS SGO-iN-PA ~iSO PASSECL AWAY. nOW/ Th-iS
         sANS.RGYAS SGOM-PA WAS ;i D-iSC-iPLE OF TLLE pREC-iOUS '(-iRO-BA-I
         MGON-PO (pHAG-MO-GRU-PA). lATER/ A~TER ThE YASS-iNG
         OF 'gRO-MGON/ HE STAYED W-iTh ThE GREAT StAG-LU-i-i-ThAT;-PA
         tHE NEPHEW O~ ThE GREAT StAG-LU-i-i-ThAR;-P~ NAMED DkAR PO
         WAS CALLED SkU-YAL-BA/ TLLE ~lATE"/ BECAUSE ThE pRCC-iOL-iS
         'gRO-MGON HAD MAN-iFESTED H-i-iNSELF -iN H-iS FORNL TO F~-iLF-iL TLLE
         WORK OF StAG-LUN-TLLAN-PA. h-iS RE~L NAME WAS r-iN-CHEN-MGON.
         (h-iS) ~AThER WAS A NAT-iVE OF SgAN-GYAT; SED-LUN OF kU-L~L-i-i.
         hE BELONGED To bON-RA-STE-i-iS/ AND W~S BORN BELOW ThE M-iD~LE
         ONE OF ThE ThREE FORTS OF dAG-SGAN. hE BELONGED TO ThE S~ME
         CLAN AS StAG-LUN-ThAN-PA/ ThE gREAT. h-iS FAThER WAS (CALLECL)
         bAN-BLON MgO-YAGS/ (H-iS) MOThER ~O-Z-i-GZA' BkRA-S-iS-MTSL)O.
         wHEN ThE pREC-iOUS oNE WAS -iN LL-iS (MOThER'S) WOMB/ H-iS
         F~HET WENT TO V-iS-iT (ThE MONASTERY) OF St~-iG-LUT;/ AND WH-iLE
         STAY-iNG ThERE StAG~ N-ThAR;-PA/ ThE gREAT/ SA-iD ONE DAYH
         ~lET MgO-YAGS COME HERE!" wHEN MgO-YAGS C~ME/ 1
         SA-iD TO H-iMH ~'oN YOLLR EST~-iTE/ A BOY W~S BORN To YO--i !
         sAYH ~i Sh311 PRESENT H-iM ! i ShALL PRESENT ! i Sh~
         PTESENT!' " AND ThE FATLLER s;L-i(~    H.LLL PRESENT L~ (To
         YOM" a~T~R HLBO~LT T~'o OR ThREE ~E3RS/ 'tShL-iR P-i~U-B~
         ~-ASSED AWH~Y/ AN(j TL-~V -iLLQ~L-iR~L Ds TO ~VLLO WO~ OC(N~Y ThE
                                                                          p.622
         CHA-iR OF 'tShUR-PHU-BA. ~i HAVE PREPARED AN ABBOT FOR OUR-
   (96A) SELVES!" StAG-LU-i-i-ThAL-i-PA/ ThE gREAT/ L-iVED FOR SO YEARS.
         hE (r-iN-MGON~ WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR ~TON-fEMALE-hOG (iCAGS-
         MO PHAG--i iGia.d.) wHEN HE WAS ThREE/ -iN ThE YEAR wATER-
         oX (CHU-GLAL-i--1193 a.d.)/ (kHAMS-PA) DBu-SE/ BLA-MA ~AL-i
         AND GlAL-i-LW-i-PA PASSED AWAY. wHEN HE WAS 1 L/ StiG-LUL-i-
         ThAL-i-PA SENT H-iLN NUMEROUS PRESENTS/ -iNCLUD-iNG A CH-iLD'S
         UPPER GARMENT (CHAM-TShEG)/ AND SA-iDH ~imAKE Th-iS CH-iLD
         -i NOV-iCE ! AND NALNE H-iM SO AND SO". tHE MOThER SA-iDH
         ~dO NOT MAKE H-iM A NOV-iCE !" sA-iD ThE FAThERH ~lET ã¹-iS
         ASK H-iM ! " tHE CH-iLD SA-iDH ~'oN BECOM-iNG A NOV-iCE/
         ShALL GO TO StAG-LUL-i/ BECOME A KALYANA-M-iTRA AND STUDY ThE
         dOCTT-iNE ! tO YOU/ PARENTS/ i ShALL SEND A MESSAGE C~NTA-iN-
         -iNG PRECEPTS." iN ThE SAME YEAR/ HE WAS ORDA-iNED -iN ThE
         PRESENCE OF ThE UPADHYAYA SpY-i-DPON-PA AND ThE ACARYA
         'gOS lHA-KHAL-i-LTAG-PA AT tHAL-i-SKYA. hE HEARD MANY DOCT-
         R-iNES AT ThE FEET OF ThE UPADHYAYA AND ACARYA/ AS WELL AS FROM
         nAGS-L~-iL-i-PA. aT ThE AGE OF i 3/ HE CAME TO DBuS/ AND ThE
         -iNaHAB-iTANTS ESCORTED H-iM FOR A WH-iLE. tHE MOThER SA-iDH
         ~LF ThEY WERE TO SAY ThAT MY SON WAS STUDY-iNG ThE dOCT-
         R-iNE/ -iT WOULD NOT MATTER/ -i~ WE WERE NOT TO MEET ! sTUDY ThE
         dOCTR-iNE !/ SAY-iNG SO/ ShE RETURNED. oN ThE TOP OF ThE GlAL-i-
         GL-iL-i pASS/ HE MET ThE MEN WHO WERE SENT TO MEET H-iM ~ROM
         StAG-LUL-i. fROM ThERE HE JOURNEYED TO DBu-RU-LUL-i. oN
         ThE DAY OF H-iS ARR-iVAL ThERE/ StAG LUN-ThAL-i-PA SA-iDH ~cOVER
         Th-iS PATh W-iTh A WH-iTE P-iECE OF CLOTh (-i.E. CARRY A WH-iTE P-iECE
         OF CLOTh -iN FRONT OF H-iM)/ AND ThE BANNER BEH-iND H-iM ! aT
         r-i-ThEL CARRY A SMALL BANNER -iN ~RONT OF H-iM. tHE CONGRE-
         GAT-iON ShOULD RECE-iVE H-iM AT yA-ThAL-i !" oN MEET-iNG
         StAG-LUN-ThAL-i-PA/ HE PRESENTED H-iM A SCARF OF GREET-iNG/ AND
         -iNQU-iRED ~BO~LT H-iS HE;~LTh US-iNG HONOR-iF-iC EXPRESS-iONS. StAG-
         i~-iN-ThAL-i-P~ SA-iD TO H-iMH "o MAN! aRE YOU NOT T-iRED?"
         ~bY YOUR GRACE/ ALL -iS WELL"/ REPL-iED HE. tHEY NLADE MUT~LAL
         -iNQU-iR-iES -iN ThE ABOVE MANR-iER. oN ONC OCCAS-iON/ HE
         GALLOPED A HORSE/ AND ThE FAThER SA-iD TO ThE pREC-iOUS oNEH
         ~pRAY CONTROL Th-iS NOV-iCE ! " StAG-LUL-i-ThA-i-i-PA REPL-iED
                                                                          p.623
         ~bE S-iLENT ! yOU CANNOT TASTE ThE NATURE OF Th-iS NOV-iCE. hE
         W-iLL BE OF USE !" aFTER ThAT HE -iMMURED H-iMSELF -iN A HUT
         BELONG-iNG TO ThE MONASTERY/ W-iTh -iTS DOOR FAC-iNG EASTWARDS.
         hE PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON FOR SEVEN YEARS W-iThOU~ V-iS-iT-iNG
         (StAG-LUN-ThAN-PA)/ EXCEPT TO RECE-iVE ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE
   (96B) dOCTR-iNE. aT ThAT T-iME StAG-LUN-ThAN-PA SA-iDH "iN Th-iS
         MONASTERY ThERE WAS A NOV-iCE WHO WAS ABLE TO BENEF-iT NUMBER-
         LESS L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS." aT ThE AGE OF iG/ HE RECE-iVED ThE F-iNAL
         MONAST-iC OTD-iNAT-iON -iN ThE PTESENCE OF ThE UP~DHYAYA GtSAN-
         PA AND ThE KATMA-ACARYA sANS-TGYAS SGOM-PA/ ThE ACATYA sANS~
         TGYAS ACT-iNG AS sECTET pRECEPTOR. hE EXH-iB-iTED MANY DEEDS/
         SUCH AS ThE L-iFT-iNG OF ThE SUPPORT-iNG COLUMN OF H-iS HUT/ AND
         PLAC-iNG BENEATh -iT ThE GARMENTS OF OThERS/ HE GR-iNDED SEVEN
         BEANS -iNTO DUST BETWEEN H-iS B-iG AND M-iDDLE F-iNGERS/ HE USED
         TO PLAY W-iTh A BR-iCK OF TEA AS -iF -iT WAS AN EGG/ S-iTT-iNG CROSS-
         LEGGED HE ThREW UPWARDS ON ThE TOP OF A HOUSE A LARGE LOAD.
         iN GENERAL/ HE ATTENDED ON StAG-LUN-ThAN-PA/ ThE gREAT/ FOR
         E-iGHT YEARS. wHEN HE REACHED ThE AGE OF ~O/ StAGLUN-
         Th;M-PA/ ThE gREAT/ FEEL-iNG WEARY/ ONE DAY PUT H-iS MANTLE AND
         H-iS HAT (ZWA-ThEB)/ ON SkU-YAL-BA/ ENTRUSTED -iNTO H-iS HANDS
         ThE WALK-iNG STAFF (PHYAG-MKHAR) OF DpAL pHAG-MO-GRU-PA/. AND
         MADE H-iM S-i~ ON H-iS SEAT/ SAY-iNGH ~sTAND UP ! mOVE ROUND !
         sHAKE (YOURSELF) !" aFTER HE HAD DONE SO/ StAG-LUN-ThAN-PA
         SA-iDH ~'iT W-iLL DO ! yOU W-iLL OBTA-iN A FUNLRE WH-iCH W-iLL
         BE GREATER ThAN M-iNE !" hE ALSO ENTRUSTED TO H-iM ThE
         L-iBRARY'S KEY/ SAY-iNGH ~iN -iT ThERE -iS A SECT-iON OF ThE dOCT-
         R-iNE WH-iCH -iS UNKNOWN TO Th-iS MONASTERY ! i D-iD NOT ShOW
         AVAR-iCE -iN MATTERS PERTA-iN-iNG TO Th-iS dOCTR-iNE/ BUT i H-iD -iT
         BECAUSE OF SOME OMENS ON ADV-iCE FROM pHAG-MO-GRU-PA.
         bU~ YOU CAN REVEAL -iT/ AND BESTOW -iT ON ThOSE WHO W-iLL ASK
         (FOR -iT)." tO bYAN-SEN HE SA-iDH '~tHE BURDEN OF GUARD-iNG StAG-
         LUN RESTS EQUALLY ON bYAN-SEN AND r-iN-CHEN-MGON.''hE PERFORM.
         ED EXTENS-iVE FUNERAL R-iTES FOR StAGLUN ThAL;-PA AND sANS-RGYAS
         SGOM-PA. MkHAN-PO-BA SA-iD TO H-iMH ~nOW/ pREC-iOUS
         oNE/ PRAY EXAM-iNE ThE BOOKS !" hE REPL-iEDH ~'o MkHAN-
         PO-BA ! tHE tEACHETS OF OUR l-iNEAGE ShOULD KNOW HOW
                                                                          p.624
         TO PREACH A SU-iTABLE DOCTR-iNE/ AS SOON AS ;-i D-iSC-iPLE A~PEARS
         BE~ORE ThEM. iS TLLERE ANY BENEF-iT -iN A KALYANA-M-iTRA! EXPERT
   (97A) -iN TEXTS?"
           tO ThOSE WLLO ASKED FOR PRECEPTS/ HE TAUGHT ThOSE WH-iCLL
         COULD CONVERT ThEM. hE ShOWED -iMPART-iAL-iTY TOWARDS V-iRTUOUS
         ONES/ EV-iL ONES AND MED-iOCRE ONES. oN MANY OCCAS-iONS OThERS
         SAW H-iM AS StAG-LUT;-ThAT;-PA. oN MANY OCCAS-iONS ALSO/ HE
         EXH-iB-iTED D-iF~ERENT MAN-i~ESTAT-iONS OF H-iS PHYS-iCAL FORNL.
         e~URThER/ MANY SAW K-iM AS ~AKYAMUN-i/ sAMVARA AND OTLLER
         D-iV-iNE BE-iNGS. tHERE EX-iST ALSO MANY STOR-iES ABOUT H-iS GREAT
         FACULTY OF PRCSC-iENCE. oN NUMBERLESS OCCAS-iOLLS HC CURED ThE
         S-iCK BY A ~ROPER PROGNOST-iCAT-iON OF OMENS/ LCSTORED ThC S-iGHT
         OF ThE BL-iND AND ThE HEAR-iNG OF ThE DEAF/ AND HELPED CR-iPF/LES.
         hE ERECTED SKU-'BUM CA-iTYAS W-iTLL CLLAPELS CONTA-iN-iNG -iMAGES
         ('BUN1-KHAT;). hAV-iNG EXCAVATED ThE ROCK ON ThE S-iTE OF ONE
         SUCH CLLAPEL/ H-iS FOOT BECAME PA-iNFUL. hE -iNQU-iRED OF
         PEOPLE WLLO WERE FAM-iL-iAR W-iTLL ThE OMCNS O~ ThE LOCAL-iTY/
         AND TLLEY TOLD H-iM ThAT Th-iS WAS ThE ~L-iFE" MOUNTA-iN (BLA R-i)
         OF H-iS tEACLLER/ AL~D BECAUSE HE LLAD CXCAVATED -iT/ -iT HARMCD
         H-iLLL. hE ThEN ERECTED A S-iLVET RCL-iC-HOLDCR (GDUT;-KLLAN)
         MEASUR-iNG ONE CUB-iT AND A FULL SPAN (MThO). aFTET ThAT HC
         PLACED -iN A GREAT REL-iC-HOLDER MADE OF S-iLVER/ AN -iMAGE OF
         pHAG-M~GRU-PA SEATED ON ThE SUN-D-iSC/ MADE OF i7 GOLDCN
         STAT;S. iN ThE CENTRE OF ThE SUN-D-iSC HC PLACED AN -iMAGE OF
         StAG-LUT;-TLLAT; PA/ ThE gREAT/ W-iTh A PARASOL/ MADE OF ONC
         iLLEASURE (BTE) OF S-iLVER. tHE REMA-iN-iNG S-iLVER HE USED FOR A
         LARGE -iMAGE OF StAG-LUT;-PA. tHCN LLE -iNV-iTED TLLE UPADHYA-
         YA/ ThE ACATYA AND OThERS WHO LLAD ThE R-iGHT TO G-iVE ADV-iCE-i
         AND SA-iD TO ThEMH ~iiMAGES AND BOOKS ARE TOO NUMEROUS! tHCY
         CANNOT 6E PLACED (-iNS-iDE ThE TEMPLE~. hOLD A COUNC-iL TO D-iSCUSS
         ThE ERCCT-iON OF TWO CLLAPELS/ AND LET ME KNOW (ThE DEC-iS-iON)."
         tHE ACARYA kHU SA-iDH ~ aNY L~N~D OF CLLAL~EL W-iLL DO! wC
         ShOULD PRACT-iSE TNED-iTAT-iON ATLD TLLE CXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE dOCTR-iLLE.
         a S-iLLGLE HETM-iT -iS BETTCR ThALL A HUdDTD pRAJNA~ARAM-iTAS -iN
         i OO/OOO ~CRSC~ (~ATASAHASR-iK;~) WR-iTTCN -iN GOLD." oTLLCRS
         SA-iDH ~pRAY -icT us BU-iLD A CL~A~EL/ AS WCLL AS MED-iTATE AND
                                                                          p.625
         EXPOUND ThE dOCTR-iNE." w-iLEN HE HAD REACHED ThE AGE OF
         34/ ThEY BEGAN -iN ThE YEAR wOOD-mALE-aPE (S-iN-PHO-SPRE'
         --1224 a.d.) ThE CONSTRUCT-iON OF ThE GREAT V-iHARA. tHEY
         SENT MEN TO nAGS-SOD TO CUT T-iMBER/ BUT ThE -iNMATES OF
         'bR-i-KHUN OBJECTED TO -iT. tHEY ALSO BROUGHT T-iMBER FROM
   (97B) bAD. a CONS-iDERABLE QUANT-iTY OF T-iMBER WAS BROUGHT FROM
         RdO. aBOUT ThAT T-iME HE RECE-iVED ThE KEYS OF pHON-MDO.
         aFTER Th-iS ThE NEPHEW OF 'bR-i-KHUN-PA ASKED H-iM TO BR-iNG
         T-iMBER FROM nAGS-SOD/ AND ThEY BROUGHT T-iMBER FROM ThAT
         PLACE. bRAN-KA -iNVEST-iGATED ThE OMENS OF ThE LOCAL-i~Y/ AND
         SL-iDH ~'iF WE BU-iLD -iT AS ThE BASE (PLLON) OF ThE MA-iN STREET/
         -iT W-iLL BE GOOD." sO ThEY BU-iLT -iT AT ThE BEG-iNN-iNG OF ThE
         MA-iN STREET. iN TLLE CHAPEL ThEY ERECTED E-iGHTY COLUMNS/ -iN
         ThE UPPER GALLERY ThERE WERE FOUR ROWS OF P-iLLARS/ -iN ALL 32
         P-iLLARS. iN TLLE LOWER GALLERY ThERE WERE 24 COLUMNS -iN ThREE
         ROWS. iN EACH OF ThE S-iDE-GALLER-iES ThERE WERE SLX P-iLLARS/ ALTOGE-
         ThER 12. iN EACH OF ThE NAVES (GLO-'BUR) ThERE WERE TWO P-iLLARS.
         iN ThE ENTRANCE HALL (SGO-KHAN) ThERE WERE FOUR (P-iLLARS). tHE
         VERANDAH OUTS-iDE TLLE MA-iN GATE (SGO-PHUBS) HAD FOUR P-iLLARS/
         -iN ALL E-iGHTY P-iLLARS/ tHERE WERE i3 CAP-iTALS (S-iN-BRTSEGS).
         iN ThE mOUSE YEAR (BY-i-BA LO--1228 a.d.) ThEY COMPLETED
         ThE UPPER AND LOWER GALLER-iES (Th-iS -iS ThE LARGE StAG-LUN
         GTSUG-LAG-KL~AN/ A FAMOUS MONUMENT OF t-iBETAN ARCH-iTECTL1RE(
         NEAR pHYAG-lA(). hE ThERL APPO-iNTED AN UPADHYAYA AND ACARYA/
         AND MADE ThEM ORDA-iN OThERS/ AND ThUS OPENED ThE GATES OF
         REL-iG-iON. hE -iNTRODUCED ThE STUDY OF ThE dOCTR-iNE 3ND
         MED-iTAT-iVE PRACT-iCES (NAN-BS~D AND SGOM SGRUB). tHE pREC-i-
         OUS oNE H-iMSELF FOLLOWED ThE L-iFE OF S~AG-LUN-ThAN-PA/ TLLE
         gREAT. hE D-iD NOT ADD (NEW) PRECEPTS/ AND D-iD NOT ALTER
         EVEN A S-iNGLE WORD -iN ThE TEXTS OF PRAYERS AND SOLEMN W-iShES
         (SMON-L~M). hE STAYED CONT-iNUOUSLY ERECT AND D-iD NOT
         REST L~-iS LLEAD ON A P-iLLOW. wHEN HE WAS GO-iNG TO ThE
         nORThERN uPL~ND/ LLE MADE H-iS RET-iNUE ABSTA-iN FROM MEAT.
         wHENEVER HE USED TO RECE-iyE ARMS AS OFFER-iNd/ HE HAD ThEM
         BROKEN UP -iN H-iS PRESENCE. hE USED TO ACCEPT HOLY OBJECTS
         PRESENTED TO LL-iM W-iTh LL-iS OWN HAND. oThER (OFFER-iNGS) WERE
                                                                          p.626
         COLLECTED BY (H-iS) MEN. hE D-iD NOT PREACH TO WOMEN (NAG-
         CHAGS) AND D-iD NOT CONVERSE W-iTh ThEM. hE D-iD NOT MAKE
         MEAN-iNGLESS JOKES. wHEN HE CAME TO ThE CH~-iR/ ThOSE WHO
         WERE W-iLL-iNG TO BE H-iS SUPPORTERS WERE VERY POOR/ BUT AFTER
         ThEY BECAME PROSPEROUS/ AND ThE OFFER-iNGS BECAME NUMETOUS.
         nUMEROUS WERE ThE PERSONS FED FROM H-iS PALACE. hALF OF A
         MEASURE (BRE) OF GRA-iN WAS G-iVEN ThEM EACH MONTh. hE
         GAVE GUARANTY ON BEHALF OF OThERS. tO SOME HE SUPPL-iED
         ALL ThE-iR NEEDS (~ROM H-iS PALACE). ~E SUPPORTED 82 HOUSE-
         HOLDS (ThAB-KHAN/ HEARTh) FROM H-iS PALACE (NAN-SO-NAS).
         lOOK-iNG AT ThE -iNF~OW OF Th-iNGS FROM ThE OUTS-iDE/
         (PEOPLE) ThOUGHT ~wHERE W-iLL ThEY STORE ALL Th-iS ? "
   (98A) aND/ CONS-iDER-iNG ThE OUTLAY FROM (H-iS) PALACE/ (PEOPLE)
         ThOUGHTH "w-iLL HE BE ABLE TO MEET H-iS EXPENSES?" hE
         F-iLLED ThE GREAT V-iHARA W-iTh ThE ThREE K-iNDS OF OBJECTS OF WOR-
         Sh-iP (RTEN-GSum). aT F-iRST/ WHEN HE CAME TO ThE ABBOT'S CHA-iR/
         ThE MONKS WHO HAD PROM-iSED NOT TO D-iSPERSE/ WALKED OFL W-iThOUT
         L-iSTEN-iNG (TO H-iM). tHE MONAST-iC CELLS FELL -iN RU-iNS/ AND ONLY
         ~BOUT 700 MONKS TEMA-iNED. aFTERWARDS ThE NUMBER O~ ThE
         MONKS GREATLY -iNCREASED/ AND REACHED ThE F-iGURE OF 2800.
         tHEY CONT-iNUED TO -iNCREASE/ AND F-iNALLY 3700 MONKS
         GAThERCD. tHE NUMBER OF MONAST-iC CELLS ALSO -iNCREASED. aT
         ThE T-iME OF H-iS DEATh/ ~BOUT S~OOO MONKS HAD GAThERED.
         wHEN HE F-iRST OCCUP-iED ThE ABBOT'S CHA-iR/ HE OWNED NOT MORE
         ThAN SEVEN LOADS OF BARLEY. hE HAD ALSO TO PAY A DEBT OF
         ABOUT 500 GOLDEN SRANS. lATER/ ALL ThE ROOMS OF H-iS PALACE
         (BLA-BRAN) BECAME F-iLLED W-iTh GOLD/ S-iLVER/ S-iLKS/ ETC. tHE
         OUTS-iDE (PREC-iNCTS) O~ ThE ~NONASTERY WERE F-iLLED BY ThOUSMDS
         OF YAKS AND HORSES. tHE SAY-iNG ThAC ~'ONE WAS UNABLE TO
         R-iVAL EVEN A DOG OF StAG-LUN-PA"/ OR-iG-iNATED -iN H-iS T-iME.
         wHEN HE HAD REACHED ThE AGE OF 47/ -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-mALE-
         aPE (ME-PHO-SPRE'U--1236 a. d.) NUME~OUS S-iGNS/ SUCH ~S
         RA-iNBOWS/ SOUNDS/ L-iGHTS/ EARTh TREMOURS/ ETC. WERE OBSERVED.
         h-iS HORSE 'bMG-KHYUN SEN~E BECAME AFFL-iCTED BY A SK-iN
         D-iSEASE. hE -iSSUED ORDERS TO ThE MONKS TO ABSTA-iN FROM -iNOV-
         -iNG ABOUT/ AND TO KEEP TO TBE MON~STERY. tO SOME HE SA-iD
                                                                          p.627
         ThAT HE W-iLL F-iN-iSh ThE EXPOS-iT-iON (OF ThE dOCTR-iNE); HE -iSSUED
         MANY S-iM-iLAR OTDERS. hE ORDERED H-iS ATTENDANTS TO KEEP
         READY A LARGE QUANT-iTY OF TEA/ BROWN SUGAR/ FUEL WOOD/ ETC.
         tHEN/ AFTER HAV-iNG G-iVEN NUMEROUS EXHORTAT-iONS/ HE PASSED
         AWAY. dUR-iNG ThE CREMAT-iON OF H-iS REMA-iNS/ A ShOWER OF
         REL-iCS FELL. h-iS HEART/ TONGUE/ EYE AND F-iNGER WERE LEFT ~M-
         BURNT/ AND MANY -iMAGES AND REL-iCS WERE RECOVERED (FROM ThE
         AShES). aLSO NUMBERLESS V-iS-iONS TOOK PLACE. h-iS SUCCESSUR
         WAS sANS-RGYAS YAR-BYON SES-RAB BLA~MA. hE WAS BORN -iN ThE
         YEAR wATER-fEMALE-hOG (CHU-MO-PHAG--i ZO3 a. d.) AS SON
         OF ~'AN-CHEN MGON-RGYAL AND N~OThET lHA-MA-DPAL AT GdON-
         SNA OF bON-RA-STENS. tH-iS wATER-hOG YEAR (CHU-PHAG--1203
         a. d.) WAS ThE 62ND YEAR OF StAG-LUN-ThAN-PA/ ThE 61ST
   (98B) YEAR OF 'bR-i-KHUN-PA AND ThE 13Th YEAR OF SkU-YAL-BA. tH-iS
         WAS ThE YEAR OF ThE B-iRTh OF rON-PA RgWA-LO. fROM H-iS
         CH-iLDHOOD/ H~E POSSESSED GREAT FA-iTh/ D-iL-iGENCE AND COMPASS-iON.
         hE PREVENTED CH-iLDREN OF ThE SAME AGE ~ROM COMM-iTT-iNG S-iNS/
         AND ESTABL-iShED ThEM -iN V-iRTUE. hE ENJOYED SOL-iTUDE. aT
         ThE AGE OF 16/ HE WAS ORDA-iNED -iN ThE PRESENCE OF ThE MAHA-
         UPADLLYAYA gA-STON BLA-MA AND ACARYA lHA-KHAN-LTAG-PA/ AND
         RECE-iVED ThE NAME OF sES-RAB BLA-MA. hE L-iSTENED TO ThE
         EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE M-iMLT-iAE OF ThE w-iNAYA/ AS WELL AS HEARD
         MANY PRECEPTS AT ThE FEET OF ThE ACARYA nAGS-PA. hE
         PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON AT ThE MONASTERY OF sA-PHU. cROWS USED
         TO SWEEP ThE SNOW ON ThE ROOF OF H-iS HUT (-iN t-iBET OFFER-iNGS
         OR GTOR-MA ARE ThROWN ON ThE ROOFS OF HOUSES/ AND FREQUENTLY
         AFTER A SNOWFALL DUR-iNG TL~E N-iGHT/ ONE SEES CROWS D-iGG-iNG -iN
         ThE SNOW -iN SEARCH OF GRH-i-iN). aT ThE AGE OF 19/ HE PROCEE-
         DED TOWARDS DBuS. aT StAG-LUN-ThAN HE MET SkU-YAL-BA/
         AND HEARD FROM H-iM ThE COMPLETE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE dOCTR-iNE.
         hE TOOK UP TL~E F-iNAL MONAST-iC ORD-iNAT-iON -iN ThE PRESENCE O~
         GtSAL-i-PA WHO AC~ED AS UPADHYAYA/ kHU-STON ACT-iNG AS ACARYA/
         AND ThE ACARYA dON-MO R-i-PA ~CT-iNG AS sECRET pRECEPTOR. hE
         PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON FOR 15 YEARS/ AND WAS ENDOWED W-iTh
         GREAT PRESC-iENCE. wHEN HE WAS 34 -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-mALE-
         aPE (ME-PHO-SPRE--1236 a. d.)/ SkU-YAL r-iN-PO-CHE PASSED
                                                                          p.628
         AWAY/ AND HE OCCUP-iED ThE ABBOT'S CHA-iR. hE ERECTED A
         GOLDEN CA-iYA (GS~R-'BUM)/ ~ S-iLVER REL-iC HOLDER (GDUN-KHAN)/
         ThE TOWER (Th-iGS-KHAN) OF ThE gREAT sHR-iNE (MCHOD-KHAN CHEN-
         MO) AND MANY PA-iNT-iNGS ON CLOTh (RAS-BR-iS). hE ALSO MADE
         A LARGE S-iLVER -iMAGE AND MANY SMALL ONES. hE ESTABL-iShED
         MANY RULES/ SUCH AS ThE PERMANENT REC-iTAT-iON OF SUTRAS/ AND
         ThE RULE OF ANNUAL REC-iTAT-iON. hE ALSO MADE NUMBERLESS VOT-iVE
         OF~ER-iNGS (SA-TSA) AND NUMBETLESS -iMAGES. 3600 MONKS WETE
         SAT-iSF-iED -iN ThE-iR W-iShES BY H-iS PREACH-iNG OF ThE dOCTR-iNE AND
         PRESENTS. hE HELD -iN H-iGH ESTEEM ThE ThREE K-iNDS OF S-iKSAS
         (BSLAB-PA R-iN-PO-CHE RNAM-PAGSUM-N-i TShUL-KHR-iMS/ T-iN-'DZ-iN/
         SES-RAB/ OR S-iLA/ SAMADH-i AND PRAJNA). iN ThE MONASTERY L~E
         LA-iD DOWN ThE STR-iCT RULE NOT TO ADM-iT WOMEN -iNS-iDE ThE
         PREC-iNCTS. wHEN 'gRO-MGON ~HHOS-RGYAL 'pHAGS-PA WAS RETURN-
         -iNG FROM ThE iMPER-iAL pALACE/ mANGALA-GURU CAME TO pHON-
         MDO TO -iNV-iTE H-i-iN. 'pHAGS-PA SA-iD To H-iMH ~'LF YOUR TEACHER
         sANS-RGYAS YAR-BYON W-iLL ATTEND ThE ASSEMBLY/ i ShALL COME.
   (99A) iF NOT/ i ShALL PROCEED TO KlUN-SOD." wHEN sANS-RGYAS YAR-
         BYON WAS ASKED TO ~TTEND ThE ASSEMBLY/ LLE SA-iDH "iT WAS MY
         -iNTENT-iON NOT TO CROSS ThE ThREShOLD OF yAN-DGON T-i-iL MY
         DEATh/ BUT NOW i CANNOT D-iSOBEY ThE BlA-MA'S COMMAND''/
         SAY-iNG SO/ HE PROCEEDED TOWARDS BlA-~E-ThAN/ AND ThEY GREETED
         EACH OThER BY TOUCH-iNG ThE-iR FOREHEADS. 'pHAGS-PA SA-iD TO
         ThE ASSEMBLYH "nO ONE HAD SEEN sANS-RGYAS YAR-BYON AND
         (H-iS) NEPHEW. tO-DAY YOU HAyE SEEN ThEM. tH-iS WAS A
         PRESENT (TO YOU) ON -iNY PART!" sANS-RGYAS YAR-BYON-PA SA-iD
         TO 'pHAGS-P~H ~i BEd YOU TO TAKE CHARGE AND PROTECT ThE
         MONASTERY OF StAG-LUN AND -iTS BRANCHES/ HEADED BY MY
         NEPHEW BkRA-S-iS BLA-MA." (sANS-RGYAS YAR-BYON) D-iED -iN
         ThE YEAR wATER-mALE-aPE (C--iU-PHO-SPRE U--1272 a.d.) AT
         ThE AdE OF 70. wHEN HE WAS DY-iNG/ H-iS ATTENDANTS ASKED
         H-iM TO TELL ThEM ABOUT ThE PLACE HE WAS GO-iNG TO. hE
         REPL-iEDH ~iN ThE w-iRAJA-KSETRA (~AR PHYOGS RDUL-DAN-BRAL-BA-I
         ~-iN-KHAMS/ mL VTPT/ nO. 6 1 6) OF ThE EASTERN QUARTER RES-iDE
         ThE dHARLLLASVALLL-iN/ FAThER AND SON. yOU c~ DDRESS YOUR
         PRAYERS TO ME OVER ThERE." aT ThE T-iME OF ThE CREMAT-iON
                                                                          p.629
         OF H-iS REMA-iNS/ ThE SKY WAS F-iLLED W-iTh RA-iNBOWS/ AND ~OWERS
         AND REL-iCS CAME DOWN AS A ShO~VER OF RA-iN. (h-iS) HEART/
         TONGUE AND NUMEROUS REL-iCS WERE RECOVERED (FTOM ThE AShES).
         mANGALA-GURUH mES-BAN GLAN-'BAR-PO HAD FOUR SONS. tHE
         ELDEST OF ThE FOUR WAS StAG-LUN-ThAN-PA/ ThEN ThE ALMSG-iVER
         MgO-YAGS/ MgO-RGYAL AND ThE BLA-MA zLA-~OD. MgO-YAGS/
         FOUR SONSH SkU-YAL/ ThE 'M-iDDLE ONE' (BAT-PA)/ ThE ALMS-~(VER
         ~HOS-YAGS/ a-KUN AND ~HOS-SKYABS. (~HOS-YAGS' FOUR SONS.
         mANGALA-GURU/ 7AN-SKYABS/ tHUB-PA AND lON-PO. t6E BLA-
         -iNA zLA-'OD/ HAV-iNG GONE LATER TO StAG-LUN/ PASSED AWAY AT
         StAG-LUN -iN ThE T-iME OF SkU-YAL-BA. m~NGALA-GURU WAS
         BORN -iN ThE YEAR iRON-fEMALE-hARE (iCAG-M~YOS--1231 a.d.)
         AS SON OF ~HHOS-YAGS ALLD zO-Z-i-GZA'-GZUNS-SGTON/ tH-iS iRON-
         hARE YEAR (iCAGS-YOS--1231 a.d.) WAS ThE 2GTh YEAR OF
         sAL;S-RGYAS YAT BYON. aT ThE AGE OF 16/ HE TOOK UP ORD-iNA-
         T-iON -iN ThE PRESENCE OF ThE UPADHYAYA tHAN-SKYA-PA AND ThE
         -i~CARYA ThE SCHOLAR gRAGS-PA BZAN-PO. hE HEARD AT ThE FEET
   (99B) OF ThE UPADHYAYA AND ~CARYA ThE w-iNAYA/ ThE bODH-iPHLThA-
         ~RADLP~ AND MHLNY OThER TEACH-iNGS BELONG-iNG TO ThE sP-iR-iTUAL
         l-iNEAGE OF aTLS~. fROM ThE BLA-MA Mk6AS-GRUB CHEN-PO HE
         OBTA-iNED ThE hEVAJRA-tANTRA/ ThE kALACAKRA-tANTRA/ ThE
         pRADLPODYOTANANAMA-TLKA (tG. RgYUD/ nO. 1785/ Gs~N-'DUS
         SGRON-GSAL)/ ThE GdAN-6Z-i (kG. RgYUD. nO. 428)/ ThE mAHA-
         MAY~ SYSTEM (~RL-mAHAM~YA-TANTRARAJA/ kG.RgYUD/ nO.42SL)/
         ThE cYCLE OF wAJRAVARAH;/ ThE s-iX dOCTR-iNES OF DpYAL (DpYAL
         LO-TSA-BA)/ ThE gUR (aRYA-dAK-iN;VAJRAPAR-iJARA-MAHATANTRARAJA-
         KALPA/ kG. RgYUD/ nO.41G)/ ThE sAMPUTA (kG. RgYUD/ nO.
         381/ sAMPUT;~-NAMA-MAHATANTTA)/ ThE h-iDDEN dOCTR-iNE (ZAB-
         CHOS) OF StAG-L~-iN-ThAN-PA/ ThE gREAT/ ThE pH~1G-MO BRdA-BZ-i
         (ThE fOUT sYN~BOLS OF wAJRAVARAHLH 1. tHOD-PA/ KAPALA. 2.
         'PHREN-BA/ MALA. 3. SNA-TShOGS RDO-R~E/ w-iSVAVAJRA. 4. DBu-
         RGY~/N/ M~UL-i)/ ThE B~-i-CHOS RTSA-'GREL OF nA-R~PA/ ThE '~oRAL
         tRAD-iT-iON" OF sAMVHL.RA (BdE-iNCHOG SR-iAN-BRGYUD)/ ThE sEMS-
         BS~YED SUM-SBREL (ThE tHREEFOLD mENTAL cREAT-iVE e~F~ORT)/
         ThE r-iN-CHEN tHEM-SKAS/ ThE DbAN-G-i LAG-LEN (PRACT-iCE OF
         -iN-iT-i~T-iON)~ ThE zAB-MO BLA-MA-I R~ES-GNAN/ ThE lAM-LNA-I
                                                                          p.630
         BSAD-PA (tHE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE F-iVE SEAGES OF ThE pATh~/ AND
         MANY CLASSES OF PRECEPTS/ NUMEROUS aKHY;L-tANTRAS (BSAD-
         BTGYUD)/ NUMEROUS OTAL PRECEPTS AND MANY -iNSTRUCT-iONS ON
         -iN-iT-iAT-iON CEREMON-iES. wHEN HE WAS GO-iNG TO DBuS/ AGED 25/
         ThE BLA-MA iNkHAS-GRUB CHEN-PO ACCOMPAN-iED H-iM FOR A ShORT
         D-iSTANCE/ AND AS A FAREWELL (RDZONS) SANG A PSALM (-iN H-iS
         HONOUR). tH-iS BLA-MA (MkHAS-GRU CHEN-PO) SEEMS TO HAVE
         POSSESSED GREAT KNOWLEDGE ;-iND A GREAT CONCELLTRAT-iON OF m-iND.
         oN ThE NEXT DAY AFTER H-iS COM-iNG TO StAG-LUN/ HE MET
         sANS-RGYAS YAR-BYON AT yAL;-DGON (A BRANCH OF StAG-LUN). hE
         MET H-iM -iN ThE COMPANY OF MANY (PR-iESTS) WHO HAD COLR.E
         FROM kliAMS TO PURSUE ThE-iR STUD-iES. ~'wHO ARE ThEY?"
         -iNQU-iRED ThE tEACHER/ AND HE REPL-iEDH '~tHEY ARE SONS OF
         GOOD FAM-iL-iES FROM MdO-kHAMS WHO HAD COME TO STUDY".
         aDDRESS-iNG ThE kHAMS-PAS/ ThE tEACHER SA-iD ~ YOU DES-iRE
         TO STUDY/ GO TO GsAN-PHU! bUT YOU/ D~ON-PO/ DO NOT ASK FOR
         ALMS -iN ThE STTEETS O~ ThE MONASTERY/ BUT TAKE FROM ThE
         STEWARD (OF ThE BLA-BRAN) SOMC BARLEY TO ThE VALUE OF F-iVE ZOS.
         fROM TO-MORROW ENTCR SCCLUS-iON. wHAT YOU HAD DONC -iN
         kL-iAMS -iS ENOUGH AS FAR AS STUD-iES ARE CONCERNED. tH-iS
         sP-iR-iTUAL l-iNEAGE OF OURS -iS ThE l-iNEAGE OF mED-iTAT-iVE pRAC-
         T-iCE/ ThEREFORE MED-iTAT-iON (FOR US) -iS MORE -iMPORTANT/ (ThAN
         STUDY). hOLD MED-iTAT-iON -iN H-iGH ESTEEM AND ShOW D-iL-iGENCE!"
         iN ThE MORN-iNG HE PRESENTED A CEREMON-iAL SCARF TO ThE BLA-MA
         Gl-iN-PA. tHE STEWARD OF ThE BLA-BRAN SENT ThRO~LGH Gl-iN-PA
         TEA TO TLLE VALUE OF TWO ZOS/ ONE WOODEN TRAY (SGO) OF BROWN
         SUGAR AND A FUR-COAT (BER-ThUL) MADE OF S-iLK (TA-HUM~. s~NS-
         RGYAS YAR-BYON SENT ALSO A MESSAGE ThROUGH H-iM/ SAY-iNGH
         ~'tO-MORROW MORN-iNG YOUR YOUNGER BTOThER W-iLL B~ COM-iNG
         TO MEET YOU. yOU ShOULD MAN-iFEST A L-iTTLE PR-iDE -iN ThE E-iGHT
         DLLARMAS (CHOS-BRGYAD/ ThE E-iGHT wORLDLY dHAR-iNAS)." hE
  (100A) MET BkRA S-iS BLA-MA. iN ThE SAME YE~R/ HE RECE-iV~D ThE
         F-iNAL NLONAST-iC ORD-iNAT-iON -iN ThE PRESENCE OF CHE UPADLLY.LYA
         tHAN-DKAR-BA'oD-ZER 'BYUN-GNAS/ ThE ACARYA MkH~N-DBON-
         PA r-iN-CHEN BKRA-S-iS AND OThERS. a~TER ThAT HE OBTA-iNED
         MANY PRECEPTS FROM sANS-RGYAS YAR-BYON/ SUCLL AS ThE "s-iX
                                                                          p.631
         dOCTR-iNES" OF nA-RO/ ThE cYCLE OF mAHAMUDRA/ AND OThERS.
         fOR S-iXTEEN YEARS HE STAYED -iN SECLUS-iON W-iThOUT SEE-iNG ANY-
         BODY. hE DWELT CONT-iNUOUSLY ~LUNGED -iN MED-iTAT-iON/ AND
         H~TTA-iNED AN -iNCONCE-iV~BLE MYST-iC TRANCE. tHE EKATASA-SAMADH-i
         (RO-GC-iG-G-i SGOM) WAS PRODUCED -iN H-iS m-iND. hE OF~ERED TO
         sANS-RGYAS YAR-BYON H-iS UNDERSTAND-iLLG O~ ThE EKATASA (~ONE-
         qAVOUR" DOCTR-iNE)/ AS WELL H-S ELEVEN GOLDEN SRANS AND Th-iRTEEN
         PH-i-iNT-iN~S (ThAN-SKU~. aFTER ThE LAPSE OF 16 YEARS/ HE WENT
         TO MEET ThE dHARM.1RAJA 'pHAGS-PA WHO WAS RETURN-iNG FROM
         ThE iMPER-iAL pALACE/ AND HAD ARR-iVED AT pHON-MDO/ AND
         -iNV-iTED H-iM TO StAG-LUN. iN ThE MEANWH-iLE 'gRO-MGON
         'pHAGS-PA ACCOMP.1N-iED BY H-iS NEPHEW AND F-iVE ATTEND~NTS/
         HAD GONE TO kA-DRUG. hE OBTA-iNED FROM H-iM BLESS-iNGS/ SOME
         SADHANAS AND MANY -iNSTRUCT-iONS (BkA'-LUR;). sANS RGYAS YAT-
         BYON REQUESTED 'pHAGS-PA TO TAKE CHARGE ~ND PTOTECT ThE
         MONASTERY (StAG-LUR;)/ AND 'pHAGS PA PROM-iSED TO DO SO. tHEN
         AT ThE T-iME OF ThE DEATh OF sANS-RGYAS YAR-BYON/ HE SA-iD TO
         mANGALA-GURU ~ TO LOOK AFTER StAG-LUN/ -iTS SUPPORTERS AND
         MONKS/ -iN ThE SAME MANNER AS HAD BEEN DONE BY ME." ~yOU
         W-iLL FOLLOW MY EXAMPLE -iN ThE MATTER O~F MONAST-iC RULES AND
         PRACT-iCE (RNAM-ThAR/ HERE MEANS ~BEHAV-iOUR/ CUSTOM')/" SAY-iNG
         50L HE PLACED H-iS FOOT ON mANGALA-GURU'S HE~D. tH-iS LATTER
         BECAME ABBOT ~T ThE AGE OF 43 -iN ThE YEAR wATER-fEMALE-hEN
         (CHU-MO-BYA--1273 a. d.). mANGALA-GURU FOLLOWED H-iS
         PREDECESSOR -iN ALL H-iS WORKS. mANY STOR-iES ABOUT H-iS GREAT
         PRESC-iENCE WERE CURRENT. fOR EXAMPLE/ WHEN HE WAS ERECT-iNG
         A STATUE OF ThE bUDDHA/ CALLED StOR;-GSUM Z-iL-GNON (~cONQUER-
         -iLLG TLLE 3000 wORLDS")/ H-iS ADV-iSETS TOLD H-iMH ~wE ARE
         UNABLE TO SPEND SO MUCH GOLD ! yOU HAD BETTER ERECT A BRASS
         STATUE OF ThE S-iZE OF ThE lORD OF lHA-SA." hE REPL-iED ~'1
         LL~VE NO GOLD/ BUT ThE eMPEROR HAS -iT!" lATER/ ThE eMPEROR
         sE-CLLEN (sECEN/ qUB-iLA-i) SENT H-iM S-iX MEASURES OF GOLD.
  (100B) mANY S-iM-iLAR SCOR-iES WERE TOLD ABOUT H-iM. aFTER H-iS COM-iNG
         TO TLLE ~BBOT'S CHA-iR/ LLE LA-iD ThE FOUNDAT-iON OF ThE REL-iC-HOLDER
         BkR1 S-iS DP;~L 'BHLR/ ~ND COMPLETED l~E CA-iTYjS. wH-iLE HE
         ~V~S CN~3~E~1 -iN ThC ERECT-iON OF ThE lHA-CLLEN StON-GSUM Z-iL-
                                                                          p.632
         GNON (Th-iS -iMAGE ST-iLL STANDS -iN ThE MA-iN TEMPLE O~ StAG-
         LUN)/ HE WAS ADV-iSED BY dO-PA dAT-SA WHO SA-iD TO H-iMH
         ~tHE -iNTENT-iONS OF ThE pREC-iOUS oNE W-iLL BE REAL-iZED! i
         ShALL ALSO ASS-iST. YOU ACCORD-iNG TO MY AB-iL-iTY." hE
         OF~ERED H-iM TWO HUNDRED AND N-iNETY-E-iGHT HORSES. aT ThE T-iME
         OF ThE ERECT-iON OF ThE WOODEN FRAME OF ThE -iMAGE (RUS-S-iN)/
         MANY WONDERTUL S-iGNS/ SUCH AS EARTh TREMOURS/ ETC./
         WERE OBSERVED. wHEN ThE -iMAGE HAD BEEN COMPLETED/
         ThE CONSECRAT-iON CEREMONY WAS CONDUCTED BY ThE dHARMASVA-
         M-iN DpAL-BZAN-PO/ G~HUN bYA-BRAL-BA/ ThE UPADHYAYA GtSAN-
         PA/ ThE ACARYA RgYAL-BA/ kON-PA dAR-SE/ AND G~AN-ThOG
         nAM-YE. hE ALSO PERFORMED NUMEROUS OThER WORKS/ SUCH AS
         ThE DRAW-iNG OF FRESCOES (GYAN-R-iS) -iNS-iDE ThE eASTERN gTE/
         ThE PREPARAT-iON .OF CLAY -iMAGES (iDER-SKU)/ AND OThERS. hE
         OCCUP-iED ThE ABBOT'S CHA-iR FOR 25 YEARS. wHEN HE REACHED
         ThE AGE OF 67/ ON ThE 16Th DAY~dF ThE M-iDDLE SUTNMER MONTh
         OF ThE YEAR f-iRE-fEMALE-hEN (ME-MO-BYA--i297 a. d.)/ HE
         -iNV-iTED A LARGE CONGTEGAT-iON OF UPADHYAYAS/ ACARYAS AND
         MONKS/ HEADED BY ThE pREC-iO~LS DpAL-BZAN-PO AND H-iS BROThER/
         AND SA-iD TO ThEMH ~nEPHEW DpAL-BZAN-PO ShOULD LOOK AFTER
         ThE MONASTERY -iN ThE SAME MANNER AS -iT WAS DONE BY ME!
         aLL O~ YOU/ HEADED BY H-iS YOUNGET BROTLLET/ ShOULD FOLLOW
         H-iM!" hE ALSO GAVE OThER DETA-iLED -iNSTRUCT-iONS/ AND ThEN
         PASSED AWAY -iNTO pEACE. aFTER ThE CREMAT-iON OF H-iS REMA-iNS/
         H-iS HEART/ TONGUE AND EYE WERE RECOVERED (UNBURNT)/ AS WELL
         AS NUMEROUS REL-iCS.
            tHE dHARMASVAM-iN DpAL-BZAN-POH ~AN-SKYABS HAD ~OUR
         SONSH r-iN-PO-CHE DpAL-BZAN-PO/ ThE SUPPORTER tHUGS-R~E-
         SKYABS/ ThE ALMS-G-iVER GyUN-SDRUN-'BUM AND G~UN bYA-BRAL-
         BA. hE WAS BORN -iR-i TBE YEAR f-iRE-fEMALE-sERPENT (ME-MO-
         SBRUL--12~7 a. d.) AS SON OF MOThER ~HHOS-LCAM. hE BE-
         CAME A D-iSC-iPLE OF ThE dHARMARAJA 'pHAGS-PA/ AND HEARD MANY
         DOCTR-iNES FROM H-iM. hE STAYED AT sA-SKYA AND OThER iNS~NAS-
         TET-iES. hE HEARD ThE COMPLETE PRECEPTS OF TL E l-iNEAGE FROM
         mANGALA-GURU. aT ThE AGE OF 4R/ HE CAME TO ThE ABBOT'S
         CHA-iR -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-fEMALE-hEN (ME-MO-BYA--1~97 a. d.).
                                                                          p.633
  (101A) wHEN HE WAS 53/ -iN ThE YEAR eARTh-fEMALE-hEN (SA-MO-BYA--
         1309 a. d.)/ HE REQUESTED rATNAG--iRU TO OCCUPY ThE CHA-iR/
         AND H-iMSELF BECAN1E A HERM-iT. hE PASSED AWAY AT ThE AGE OF
         54/ -iN ThE YEAR iRON-mALE-dOG (iCAGS-PHO-KY-i--i 3 i O a. d.).
         tHE dHARMASVAM-iN rATNAGURUH HE WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR
         eARTh mALE mOUSE (SA-PHO-BY-i-BA--1288 a. d.) AT GyAN-SOD
         bON-RA STENS/ h-iS MOT6ER'S NAME WAS GzUNS-LCAM. hE WAS
         ORDA-iNED BY ThE MA6A-UPADHYAYA BsOD-NAMS yE-SES-PA AND
         ThE ACARYA sAR;-BZAR;S-PA. aT ThE AGE OF 1 6/ HE HEARD MANY
         DOCTR-iNES FROM jAM-DBYANS r-iN-CHEN RGYAL-MTShAN. aT ThE
         ~GE OF 19/ HE PROCEEDED TOWARDS DBuS. hE HEARD FROM ThE
         r-iN-P~CHE sANS-RGYAS DPAL-BZAN-PA ALL ThE DOCTR-iNES ThE -LATTER
         POSSESSED/ -iNCLUD-iNG ThE hEVAJTA/ ThE sARNVARA/ ThE G~-iN-R~E
         DGRA-NAG (kG. RgYUD-'BUM/ nOS. 469--470)/ ThE GdON-
         DRUG (s-iX FACED yAMAR-i/ tG. RgYUD/ ~O. 2015/ ThE tANTRA
         PROPER -iS NOT -iNCLUDED -iN ThE t-iBETAN BkA'-'~SYUR)/ ThE ~s-iX
         dOCTR-iNES" OF nA-RO/ AND OThER TEXTS. aT ThE AGE OF 2''/ -iN
         ThE YEAR eARTh-fEMALE-hEN (SA-MO-BYA--1309 a.d.) HE -iN-
         V-iTED ThE pREC-iOUS s~L-iS.RGYDS DPAL-BZAN-PO TO PERFORM TLLE
         CONSECRAT-iOTL CEREMONY OF ThE LARGE -iMAGE/ WH-iCH HAD BEEN
         ERECTED/ AND ~T ThE SAME T-iL-LE HE REQUESTED H-iM TO BECOME
         ~BBOT (OF ThE MONASTERY/ StAG-LUN). iN TLLE SAME YEAR HE
         V-iS-iTED sA-SKY;L AND ~TTENDED ON '~;LM-DBYANS-PA/ BdAG-N-iD
         CHEN-PO/ gRAGS-PA RGYAL-MTShAN AND kUN-DGA' SEN-GE/ AND
         HEARD (T~LE EXPOS-iT-iON) OF MANY DOCTR-iNCS. tLLEN AT ~O-N/O-
         NAN HE MET kUN-SPANS-PA AND RECE-iVED ThE F-iNAL MONAST-iC
         ORD-iL7~T-iON/ kUN-SPANS-P~-i .iCT-iNG AS UP~DHYAYA/ BStAN-PA-I
         RGYAL-MTShA-i~ ACT-iNG ;iS ~C~RYA/ AND k~-iN-MKHYEN yON-TAN
         RGYA-MTSLLO AS sECRET pRECEPTOR. hE LLEARD M;~NY PRECEPTS
         FROM kUN-SPANS-P.L/SUCH ;3S ThE ~gREAT iN-iT-iAT-iON" (DBAN-MO-
         CHE) OF ThE kALACAKRA/ TLL~ sAD;~ A (SbYCR-DRUG) OF ThE kALA-
         C;-iKRA AND OCHERS. a WOL;DERFUL FACULTY WAS BORN -iN H-iN~.
         kUN-SP.LNS P;L WAS ALSO VERY PLEASED. tHEN -iN ThE YEAR OF
         TLLE dOG (KHY-i-LO--1310 a. d.) HE RETURNE~. iN TLLAT YEAR/
         TLLE pREC-iOUS s;LNS-RGYAS DPAL-BZANS-P~ P;~SSED AWAY. h-iS
         6BOURS WERE EXTENS-iVE/ AND -iNCLUDED ThE ERECT-iON OF A GOLDEN
                                                                          p.634
         CA-iTYA (GSER-'BUM)/ ETC. hE ~ SSCD AW;-i~ T iLLE ;L~E OF 52 -iN
         ThE YEAR eARTh-fEMALE-hORSE (SA MO-YOS--1339 a.d.).
         tLLE dLLARN~ASVAM-i-iL rATNAKARHLH tHE CLDCST 5011 OF ThE
         ThREE SONS OF ThC ~iMS-G-iVER tH--il~S-R~E-SKY~L)S ~ND N~OTLLER
         GzUNS-LCAM/ W;LS TBE dHARM;LSVA-iLL-iTL rATN~LGU-i11. tHE NCXT
         SON WAS rATNAKARA WHO W.LS BORN -iN Th~ YEAR iRON-L?i.1LE mO~LSE
  (101B) (LCAGS-PHO-BY-i-BA--1300 a.d.). hE WAS ORDA-iNED AT ThE
         TEMPLE OF tHH~N-SKYA -iN ThE PRESENCE OF ThC NL.LL~A-ui)~LDLLY-iLY;L
         BsOD-NAMS YE-SES AND ThE -i1CARYA sANS-RBY;1S BZAN-PO/ iND
         RECE-iVED ~HE NAME OF r-iN-CHELL 'BYUN-G-iLAS. h~ TOOK TL~ F-iNAL
         MONaHLST-iC ORD-iNAR-iON -iN TLLC PRCSENCE OF TLLE NLALLA-LLP-iLDL~YAYA
         ~ER-N1GON-PA/ WHO WAS A lOLLOWER OF ThE w-iNAYA L -iNEDGE OF
         ThE MAHA-PALLD-iTA ~AKYASR-i (BH;LDR~)/ TL1E -iLCARYA BsOD-L~AMS
         DBAN-PHYUG AND OTLLERS. i!C cALi1E TO sA-SKYA/ ~ND L~EARD
         MANY DOCTR-iNES FROM ThE BL;L-MA BdAG-N-iD CHCLL-PO/ i)L;L-CHEN
         kUN-BLO/ DpAN LO-TS-i-i-B.~ NL-DBYAL-iS dON-YOD-P~/ ~ND ThC
         dHARMASVAM-iN BsOD-NAMS R~YAL-MTSLUâœL. tHEN HAV-iNG BONE
         TO ~O-MO-NAN (GtSAN)/ HE LLCARD ThE CON~L~LETE ~XPOS-iT-iON OF
         ThE sADANGA (SbYOR-DRUG) HiND TLLE cYCLE OF sEN~S-'GRCL (-i. E.
         ThE w-iTNaHLLAPRABHA/ WH-iCH -iS OFTEN CALLED bY;~ CHUB SCMS-D~
         'GREL-P~/ BECAUSE -iTS AUTLLOR WAS p;LD-iNA DK.LR-PO (p~LNDAR-iKA)/ A
         MAN-iFESTAT-iON OF TBE bODH-iSATTV.L aVALOK-iTCSV.LRA) FROM bYA-i-i-
         SEMS RGYAL-YE AND OPENED ThE GATE OF N~ED-iT~T;OLL. tLLEN
         LLAV-iNG GONE TO StHLG-LUN/ HE HEARD ThE COMPLETE TE~CH-iNG O~
         TLLE l-iNEAGE FROM rATN;LGURU. hE ALSO HE.LRD ThE ~pATh AND
         fRU-iT" (lAM-'BRAS) DOCTT-iNE AN(L MANY OThERS/ AND RES-iDCD AT
         kA-DRUG. aT ThE AGE OF 40/ -iN TLLE YEAR e;1RTh-fEMALE-hARE
         (SA-MO-YOS--1339 a. d.) HE CAME TO ThE ABBOT'S CLLA-iR (OF
         StAG-LUR;). sOON AFTER ThAT/ rATNAG--iR--i PHLSSED ~WAY. i~-iS LABO~LRS
         W~RE EXTENS-iVE/ SUCH AS ThE ERECT-iON OF ;~ RGE -iM;LGE LL-i~V-iNG
         21 sP~LLLs (MThO) HiT ThE B~CK/ ThE CR~T-iON OF .1 ~OLDEN CA-iT~ OF
         20 SPANS (-iN HE-iGHT)/ ThE COYY-iNG OF .1 BSt~-iN-'GYUR. CTC. hE
         PREACHED ThE tANTRA-p-iTALCA (RgYUD-SDE~ .iND TLLE (sUTR~ p-iTAKA
         (SDE-SNOD). hE ALSO TA-LGLLT ThC EXPOS-iT-iON OF TLLE ~s-iX dOC
         TR-iNES" OL nA-RO/ TLLE ~p.LTLL AND fRU-iT" dOCTR-iNE (l;LM-'BRAS)/
         TBE sADANGA (OF ThE kALACAKR~)/ AND OThER TEXTS. hE H-iMSELF
                                                                          p.635
         FOLLOWED ThE CXAMPLE OF LL-iS FORMER TCACLL~RS/ AS ~H11 AS iLLADE
         OThERS FOLLOW ThESE RULES. hE PASSCD AWAY AT ThE AGE OF 62
         -iN ThE YEAR iRON-fEMALE-oX (LCAGS-MO-~LA~ 361 a. d.).
         pR-iOR TO LL-iM ALL Thc ABBOTS H;LVE BEEN NAT-iVES OF ~-ilLALLLS/ BUT
         kUN-SPANS nAM-MKHA' DPAL-BZAN-PO WAS BORN -iN t-iBCT.
         tLLE dHARMASVAM-iN nAM-MKHA' DPAL-BZAN-PO WAS 6OM
         -iLL dAR YUL OF 'pHALL-YLLL -iN ThE YEAR wATER-fEMALE-hCN (CLLU-
         MO-BYA--1333 a. d.) AS SON OF TLLE ALMS-G-iVER yE-SES T-iN-
         CHEL) AND pHYUG-MO FLYAL-LE. fROM ThE ;iGE OF F-iVE/ WHCN~VCR
         L-E S;-iW ThE SUFeER-iNGS O~ OTLLER PEOPLE/ A GREAT COMLLL-iSCR;LT-iON
         ~iSCD TO BE PRODUCE~L -iN LL-iM ;iND L~E SLLED TEARS. iN L~-iS YOUTL~/
  (102A) HE ALWAYS FELT H-iMSELF AS ~ HUNGRY BEGG;LR/ AND LL-iS NLOTLLER
         ~AVE LL-iM ThE TLAME OF ~BEGGAR" (SBRAL-i-PO). hC w-iLs .1150
         CALLED yON-TALL RGYA~ TSLLO/ k~LN-DAG'-BO AND nAM-MKLL.L'
         -iN-CHELL '~bY ThE -iNL~UEL~CE OF MY FORMER DECDS/ (MY)
         N;1MES ARE N~LMEROUS/" SA-iD HE.
            aT ThE AGE OF 7/ HE W.-iS ORDA-iNCD -i-iL ThE YEAR ~ARTLL-
         L~EMALE-hARE (SA-MO-YOS--1339 a. d.) BY ThE ~iPADL-~YA BLA-
         LLLA nAM-LEGS-P~ ND T6E ACARYA dON-YOD-PA/ AND w;is G-iVEN
         TLLE NAME OF n;LM-MKHA' RGY-i~L-MTSLLAN DPAL-BZAN-PO. aT ThE
         A~E OF 8/ ThE FACULTY OF PRESC-iENCE WAS BORN -iN H-iM. aT TLLE
         /E O~ LO/ HC STUCL-iE(L ThE NOTES HiND COMMENTARY OLL RHE
         hCVAJRA-t;1NTRA AND OThCR TEXTS. s-iGNS PEC--iL-iAR T~ TLLE s;~-
         ~LA~G;~ (YOGA) WERE OBSERVED -iN H-iM ~-iThO~LT PTACT-iS-i-iLG MED-iTA-
         T-iON aT ThE AGE OF i 1/ HE FELT ;1 BO-LNDLESS COMM-iSERATLON
         A~ SADNESS. hE PERCE-iVED ThE MEAN-iNG OF pROFOUND nATURE
         AS~ GS ZAB-MO) BAS-iN~ H-iMSELF ON PROFOUND SCR-iPTUREs.
         tLLE FEEL-i-i)G OF ThE UNCERTA-iNTY OF DEATh ('CL~-i-B~ M-i-RT~ A-
         RNAMS BCOS-MA-~N-iN-PA) WAS BORN (-iN H-iM). hE RECOLLECTED
         LL-iS FORMER EX-iSTENCES -iN iND-iA/ -iN GtSAL-i AND OThER PLACES.
         lATER/ WHEN PL~jNGED -iN MED-iTAT-iON/ LLE WAS ABLE TO PCRCE-iVE
         ThE FUTURE (EX-iSTENCES ALSO). hE USE~L TO SAY TLLAT ~i~-iR-iNG T~'o
         N~ TS HE LLAD -iL V-iS-iON OF L-iSTE~ G TO ThE PREDCH-iNG OF ThE
         dOCTR-iNE BY TLLE lORD aVALOK-iTESVARA. i LE L~AD COUNTLESS
         S-iLN-iLAR V-iS-iONS/ BUT -iN -iNOST CASES LLE D-iD NOT R~LATE TLLEM.
         hE MADE ThE SOLEMN W-iS~L TO SPEND 18 YEATS -iLL TLL-iS PLACE.
                                                                          p.636
         hE SA-iD ~iN GENER~L/ MY L-iFE-SPAN WAS TO BE 34 YEARS/ BUT
         TLLRO11GH ThE BLESS-iNG OF ThE PROFOUND PRECEPTS/ -iT BECAME
         UNCERTA-iN." aT ThE AGE OF 18/ HE HEAED FROM ~HHOS-R~E BLA-
         MA AND lO-CHEN bYAN-RTSE TLLC kALACAKRA/ ThE bODH-iSATTVACARYA-
         VAT-i~RA/ TLLE mUN-iMATALAMKARA (tHUB-PA-I DGOR.S-RGYAN/ tG.
         DBu-MA/ nO. 3903)/ ~HE jATAKAS (SkYES-RABS) AND OThER TEXTS.
         hE WAS ABLC TO KNOW ThEM BY HEART AFTER ONE REC-iTAL ONLY/
         AND WAS ABLE TO REC-iTE ThEM. hE USED TO SAYH ~'1 HAD MOST
         PROBABLY STUD-iED MUCH ThE kALACAKRA -iN MY PREV-iOUS EX-iS-
         TENCES. iN TLL-iS L-iFE ALSO i HAVE DONE WELL! (ThE TEXT HAS ~
         DKA'-MO BYUN" WH-iCLL -iS EV-iDENTLY A M-iSPR-iNT FOR '~DGA'-MO-
         BYUN"). tHOU~H i D-iD NOT TAKE PA-iNS -iN GTASP-iNG -iTS H-iDDEN
         MEAN-i-iLG (-i.E. -iTS SAMPANNAKRAMA/ N-iTA-ARThA OR NES-DON -iN ThE
         sUTR;L CLASS HAS ThE MEAN-iNG OF '~D-iRECT" MEAN-iNG/ WLLEREAS -iN
         tANTR-iC L-iTERATURE -iT S-iGN-iF-iES ~SUBL-iME OR 6-iDDEN MEAN-iNG")/
         i KNEW -iT. aT F-iRST i ThOUGLLT TBAT Th-iS WAS A HERET-iCAL
         DOCTR-iNE/ BUT NOW ThERE -iS NO ONE ELSE W-iTh A STRONGER -iNTEREST
         (-iN TLLC kALACAKRA)/ ThAN ME!" oN ONE OCCAS-iON/ HE SA-iD ThAT
         HE 6AD A V-iS-iON ThAT LL-iS BODY WAS -iLLUM-iNED BY A L-iGHT EMA-
  (102B) NAT-iN~ FROM A JEWEL -iN ThE ARM-ORNAMENT OF sANS-RGYAS dON-
         YOD (aN~OGHAS-iDDLL-i) WHO w;is HOLD-iNG -iN H-iS HAND AN ALMS-
         BOWL (PATRA) MADE OF ThE VA-iDURYA STONE/ AND F-iLLED W-iTh
         AMLTA/ AND A STCADY MYST-iCAL ~ANCE w;L5 PRODUCED (-iN H-iM).
         hC ALSO SA-iDH ~iN MY FORMER EX-iSTENCE/ i HAD PRACT-iSED MED-i-
         T;-iT-iON -iN GtSAN FOR A LONG T-iME. tHE QU-iCK DEVELOPMENT OF
         MCD-iTAT-iON -iN Th-iS L-iFE WAS MOST PROBABLY DUE TO -iT." tL-iE
         ~BOVE MEANS ThAT HE ADM-iTTED Th~T 6E HAD BEEN dHARMESVARA/
         ThE 50LL OF TLLE MAHAS-iDDHA yU-MO (ThE FOUNDER OF ThE ~O-NAL-i-
         P;-i SECT). wLL-iLE HE WAS MED-iTAT-iNG ON TLLC sADANGA (~ GA)/
         HE SAW -iN A DREAM ThAT LLE WAS DR-iNK-iNG A CUP FULL OF M-iLK/
         BUT COULD NOT DR-iNK -iT ALL. hE SA-iDH '~aFTER MED-iTAT-iNG ONE
         YCAR MORE/ i ShALL REAL-iZE bUDDHAHOOD." iN /ENERAL/ LLE
         FOLLOWCD ON S-iX TEACLLERSH lO-CHEN bYAN-RTSE/ dON-YOD RGYAL-
         MTSLLAN/ tL~OGS-MED-PA/ ~HHHOS-R~E BlA-MA dAM-PA/ ThC dHAR-
         MASVAM-iN rATNAKARA AND OThERS. aFTER ThAT/ AT ThE AGE OF
         27/ HE TOOK UP ThC F-iNAL MONAST-iC ORD-iNAT-iON -iN lHA-S;1 -iN TLLE
                                                                          p.637
         PRESENCE OF LO-STAN -iN KHAN-CHEN BkRA-S-iS TShUL-PA/ ThE KARMA-
         ACTRY;L tShUL-BLA-BT/ AND ThE ACARYA StON-RGYAL. t-iLL ThE AGE
         O~ 29/ HE PREACHED ThE kALACAKRA H-iND ThE hEVAJRA-tANTRA/
         ThE (bODH-iSATTVA)-CARY;~VATAR;L/ ThE m~LN-iMATALANNKARA/ ThE
         jATAKAS AND ThE ~pATLL AND fRU-iT" DOCTR-iNE (lAM-'BRAS)/
         W-iThOUT -iNTERRUPT-iON/ -iN ThE SUMMER AND W-iNTER SEMESTETS.
         wHEN HE WAS ~9/ rATNAKARA PASSED AWAY. hE PERFOR~NED
         ThE F~-iNETAL R-iTES/ AND ERECTED A LARGE -iMAGE (OF ThE DECEASED~/
         AS WELL AS A w-iJAYA-CA-iTYA (-iN ThE STYLE OF ONE OF TL-E E-iGHT
         GRCAT CA-iTYAS/ WH-iCH lLAD BEEN ERECTED AT ~RAVAST-i WHETE ThE
         bUDDHA HAD DEFEATED ThE HERET-iCAL TEACHERS). hE OCCUP-iED
         ThE ABBOT'S CHA-iR. fOR 15 YEATS HE MA-iNTA-iNED CLASSES (FOR
         MONKS)/ AND COMPOSED NULNEROLLS TREAT-iSES/ SUCH AS ThE SL3YOT-
         DRUG-G-i KHR-iD-Y-iG T;O-SPROD (iNTRODUCT-iON TO ThE gU-iDE-bOOK ON
         sADHLNGA)/ A RtS-iS-Y-iG (ASTRONOMY ACCORD-iNG TO ThE kA1ACAKRA)
         AND OThER TEXTS. hE ALSO LOOKED WELL AFTER NUMEROUS D-iSC-iPLES
         W-iTh ThE HELP OF SECRET PRECEPTS. hE ALSO -iNTENDED TO PREACH
         EXTENS-iVELY ThE kA6CAKRA/ BUT D-iD NOT QU-iTE SUCCEED -iN -iT.
         hE SPENT MOST OF H-iS T-iME -iN SECLUS-iON. oN S-iX OR SEVEN
         OCCAS-iONS HE JOURNEYED AS FHLR AS sOG-CHU. hE OCCUP-iED ThE
         CHA-iR T-iLL ThE AGE OF 43/ AND ThE MONASTERY PROSPERED. tL~E
         MONAST-iC CONGREGAT-iON GREH-iTLY -iNCREASED -iN NUMBERS. aFTER
         Th3T HE -iNV-iTED TO ThE CHA-iR ThE pREC-iONS BkRA-S-iS DPAL-BRTSEGS-
         PA. hE SPENT FOUR YEARS AC sE-GLE/ AND PRACT-iSED ThE
  (103A) UTPANNAKRAMA DEGREE ON sA-iNVARA AND ON ThE rED yAMANT;LKA
         (G~ED-DMAR). hE ATLSO PRACT-iSED ThE SAMPANNAKR;-i-iLLA
         ACCORD-iNG TO ThE METhOD OF ThE sADANGA (SbYOR-DRUG~.
         bEFORE ThAT AT ThE A~E OF 39/ HE SA-iD ThH~T A GRE;-iT ACC-iDENT
         WAS DUE TO HAPPEN TO H-iM AT ThE AGE OF 47 OR 48. hE PASSED
         Aw;LY AT ThE AGE O~ 47/ -iN ThE YEAR eARTh-fE-iNALE-sHEEP (SA-
         MO-HLG--i379 a.d.). iN ThE L~)LLOW-iNG aPE YEAR (SPRE'U-
         LO--1380 a.d.) A CA-iTYA AND A LH-iRGE -iMAGE (OF H-iM~ WERE
         ERCCTED. tHUS Th-iS HOLY PERSON HAS BEEN A GREAT -iNAN WHO
         H~D PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON -iN -i-i-iS MANY FOR-iNER EX-iSTELLCES/ AND
         WAS D-iST-iNCR FROM OThERS. hE 1LSED TO SAYH ~fORMERLY -iN
         aRYA VARTA WE WERE MENTALY -iNCL-iNED TOWARDS WRONG V-iEWS/
                                                                          p.638
         BUT AFTER LLAV-iNG SEEN TLLE dOCTR-iNE OF ThE kALACAKRA/ i WAS
         ABLE TO PRACT-iSE TLLE sADANGA-YOGA -iN TL-iE l~ND OF sNOWS."
         hE SA-iDH ~wHEN i WAS F-iVE/ MY FORMER RECOLLECT-iONS BECAME
         AWAKENED. wHEN i WAS SEVEN/ i ENTERED REL-iG-iON. aT N-iNE/
         i UNDERSTOOD ThE mANTRAYâƒNA. aT 16/ i TRULY UNDERSTOOD
         ThE pRAJNAPARAM-iTA AND ThE wAJRAYANA. nOW/ i LLNDERSTAND
         T1-AT ThETE DOES NOT EX-iST A D-i~ERENCE OF TAsTE -iN ThE MEAN-iNGS
         OF ThE TLLREE VEH-iCLES (YANAS)." tHE dH.LRMASVAM-iN BkRA-S-iS
         DPAL-BRTSEGS WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR eARTh-fEMALE-hOG (SA-MO-
         PHAG--1359 a.d.) AS SON OF FAThER kUN-DGA' BSES-GNEN AND
         MOTLLER '~AM-DPAL-SKY-iD. hE MET ThE dHARMASVAM-iRL rATNA-
         KARA COM-iNG FROM ThE nORTh. tHE LATTER CARESSED H-iM W-iTh
         H-iS HAND AND BLESSED H-iM. hE PROPHES-iED ThAT HE WOULD
         BECOME ThE OBJECT O~ WORSh-iP OF NUMBERLESS L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS.
         aT ThE AGE OF 6/ HE WAS TAUGHT READ-iNG AND WR-iT-iNG BY ThE
         ACARYA SgOM-PA r-iN-GZON. wHEN HE WAS ELEVEN/ HE WAS
         ENTRUSTED TO ThE ACATYA r-iN-CHEN-DPAL-BA WHO WAS ThE MASTER
         OF ThE dOCTR-iNE OF ThE BkA'-BRGYUD-PAS/ AND WAS ENDOWED
         W-iTL~ KNOWLEDGE OF ThE s~1TRAS AND tANTRAS.
         hE PRACT-iSED GREAT ABST-iNENCE AND POSSESSED A VERY GREAT
         PRESC-iENCE. fROM ThE ACARYA HE HEARD ThE tHREE tANTRAS
         (sARNVARA/ kALACAKRA AND hEVAJRA) AND ThE-iR PRECEPTS. iN
         PART-iCULAR/ HE BECAME AN EXPERT -iN ThE hEVAJRA-tANTRA
         (BRtAG-~N-iS). hE HEARD ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF MANY TEXTS/ SUCH AS
         ThE bODH-iSATTVACARYAVATARA AND ThE pRAJNAS~TAKA (pRAJNA-SATAKA-
         NAMA-PRAKARANA BY nAGARJUNA/ tG. nO. 4328/ ALSO 4501). aT
         ThE AGE OF 1 7/ HE ROOK UP ORD-iNAT-iON/ -iN ThE PRESENCE OF ThE r-iN-
  (103B) PO-CHE nAM-MKHA' DP~L-BZAN-PO ~CT-iNG AS UPADHYAYA/ AND
         ThE ACARYA GnAS-BRTAN r-iN-CHEN-'OD. hE RECE-iVED ThE NaH-iME
         OF BkRA-S-iS DPAL-BRTSEGS ~-i-MA-I DBAL-i-PO BSRUN-BA-I GO-CHA.
         tH-iS NA-iNE APPEARED -iN A DREAM SEEN BY r-iN-PO-CHE n.-iM-
         MKHA' DPAL-BZAN-PO/ AND ThETEFORE WAS G-iVEN TO H-iM. hC
         HEARD A COM~LETE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON R-iTE OF ~R-i-kALA-
         EHLKR3 FROM ~HOS-DBA-i/ ThE ~sECOND'. aFTER ThAT/ HE HEARD
         ThE EXPOS-iT-iON O~ ThE ã¹~s-iX dOCTR-iNES" O~ nA-RO/ ThC mALLA-
         ML-iDR;L AND OThERS. aN NNCO1LCE-iV.LBLE S-iGN O~ ThE DEGREE O~
                                                                          p.639
         ThE pATh (DROD-TTAGS/ DRO(L OR TSh.1D/ S-iGN/ TOKEN/ DEGREE) WAS
         BORN -iN LL-iM. hE HEARD TLLE COMP1ETE SET O~ DOCTR-iNES OF ThE
         bKA'-BRGYl-iD-P;LS POSSCSSED BY r-iN-PO-CLLE-BA (TLLE pREC-iOUS
         oNE). hAV-iNG OL)TA-i1LC~L AN C~POS-iT-iON OF TL-C sH~DAL-iG~/ ThE
         M11LY GATES OF MED-iT;LT-iON W~R. OPENED BE~ORC LL-iM. fUTTL~ER/
         LLE L~E~RD ThE sADAL;~/A OF ~A-BA-R-i (yOG3SADANGA/ BY ~A-BA-R-i
         D1~31-i-PLLYUG/ tG. RgYUD/ nO. 1375) TL~E sADANGA OF ThE
         dL~ARLNaH-iSV;LM-iLL 6sOD-NAMS RGYAL-MTS~ LL/ ThE pA-i-iCAKRA-iN3 OF
         TL~E gUHYASAM~/ TLLE nAG-KHR-iD-SKOR/ TLLC- Dm~.R-KHR-iD
         (OR gUHYH-iS;LMAJ~)/ TLLE DBu-SEMS-L-iY-i SEMS-6SKYED (TL~E C-iTTOT-
         P..D;. ACCORD-iNG To TLLE mADLLYA-iLLAKA AND w-iJR-iANAV~DA; NA~-
         KLLR-iD -iS AN EXPLANAT-iON W-iTL~ TLLE HELP OF TE~TS/ DMAR-KHR-iD -iS
         AN EXPL.LNAT-iON w-iTLL ThE LLELP OF PRACT-iCE)/ ThE BlO-SBYO;N
         dON-BDUN-MA (O~ GlA-iL-RLL ThAL;-P;L)/ TLLE G~ED-DMAR ~-iN-TU
         SPROS-MED (AN -iN-iT-iAT-iO1L R-iTE OF TLLE rED yH-iMANTHLKA)/ ThE
         ~ pATLL AND fRU-iT" DOCTR-iNE (lA1N-'BRAS~/ ThE G~OD/ ETC. aT
         TLLE AGE O~ 1 8/ -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-fEM~LE-dR3GON (ME-PHO-
         'BRUG_1376 a.d.)/ HE CAME TO ThE HiBBOT'S CLLA-iR/ HiND RE-
         VOLVCD ThE wHEEL OF ThE lAW. aT ThE ;iGE OF 20/ -iN ThE YEAR
         L~ARTLL-mALE-hORSE (SA-PHO-RT~--1378 a.d.)/ -iN ThE MONTh OF
         kARTC-iKA/ LLE PROCEEDED TO lHA-S~-i. tHE s-i-T1-i DgE-SLON-BHL OF
         MtSLL;LL-P;L AND ThE OT~-iC-i~L gRAGS-PA OF SnEL-PA ARRANG~D H1
         GREAT RECEPT-iON FOR H-iM. hE MET ThE LO-CHEN bY3;N-RTSE/ WL~O
         1;1(L COLR-iE TO DBuS/ ~LT rA-KA-BR3G. hE RECE-i~ED ThE L-iNaHLL
         MONAST-iC ORD-iNaH~T-iON -iN ThE PRESENCE OF ThE LO-CHEN bYAN-RTSE
         WHO ACTED AS UPADHYAYA/ ThE LO-TSA-B;L gRAGS-PHL RGYH-iL-MTShAN
         WHO ACTED AS âƒCARYA ND TLLE LO-TSA-BA nAM-MKHA' BZAN-PO
         WHO ACTED AS sECRET pRECEPTOR. fROM ThE LO CHEN (bY;-iN-
         RTSC) LLE H~ARD ThE COMPLETE -iN-iT-i~T-iON R-iTE OF Th~ kALAC~KR~/
         ThE sAMVARA cYCLE ACCORD-iNG To kRSNACARY~ (n;-iG PO-PA)/
         TLLE -iN-iT-iAT-iON OF aM-iT.1BHA AND OThER TEXTS. fROM lO-
         GR;LGS-PA LLE OBTA-iL-ED ThE EXPOS-iT-iON BASED ON TL~E PRACT-iCE OF
         ThE gUHYASAMAJA (GsAL-i-'D1-iS DM~R-KL~R-iD)/ AND -iNANY -iN-iT-iA-
         T-iONS -iNCLUD-iNG Th;LT OF hEV~JRA/ ThE sAN VARA AND OThERS/
         TL-E kALACAKR;L-tANTRATLK~L (dUS-'KL-OR RGY-LD-'GREL/ -i.E. ThE
         w-iM;LLA-i~R ~ Th~ S-iC T~'~yT AN~ ThE COMMENTARY ON
                                                                          p.640
         ThE sEKODDEShA (DbAN-MDOR BSTAN-RTSA-'GREL; kG. RgYUD-
         'BUM/ nO. 361; tG. RgY~LD/ nOS. 1351/ 1352/ 1353/
  (104A) 1354)/ ThE dON-DAM-HSNEN-P~ (sHRâŒ-pARAMARThASEVA/ tG.
         RgYUD/ nO. 1348)/ BRANCHES OF ThE w-iMAliPRABLLA (sEMS-
         'GREL)/ ThE dUS-ZABS SNAN-BRGYUD/ ThE FOUR GsAL-SGRON OF yU-
         MO/ RHE ~R-i-kALACAKRAPO~ESASURYACANDRASADHANA (tG. RgYUD/
         nO. i369)/ ThE yE-SES SPYAN-SGRUB (jNANACAKSUSLDHANA/ tG.
         RgYUD/ nO. 1370)/ ThE DpE-MCD 'TShO-I SBYOR-DRUG (sADANGA-
         YOGA-NAMA/ tG. RgYUD/ nO. 1367)/ ThE sADANGA COMPOSED
         BY mAN-LUNS-PA (A FAMOUS t-iBETAN P-iLGT-iM FROM GtSAN/
         AUThOR OF A DETA-iLED DESCR-iPT-iON OF iND-iA EX-iST-iNG -iN MANUS-
         CR-iPT FORM ONLY; L-iVED -iN ThE BEG-iNN-iNG OF ThE xiii CENTURY)/
         ThE sADANGA OF ThE gUHYASAMAJA (GsAN-'DUS SBYOR-DRUG/
         sADANGAYOGA-NAMA-TLKA/ tG. RgYUD/ nO. 1786)/ ThE kALA-
         CAKROTTARATANTRA (dUS-'KHOR RGYUD ~HY-i-MA/ ~RL-kALACAKRHL-
         TANTROTTARA-TANTRAHRDAYA-NAMA (kG. nO. 363 RgYUD-'BUM)/ ThE
         MdOT-BSDUS DAN-PO-I 'GREL-PA M-i-GYO SNAN-BA (~RL-iNANV-iMALA-
         PRABHATANTRAVATARAN-iVADACALAHRDAYALOKA/ tG. RgYUD/ nO.
         1349)/ ThE sADANGA OF bU-STON (wOL. 111 (g) OF ThE GsUN-
         'BUM)/ ThE GdAN-BZ-i-I 'GREL-PA (aTYA-cATUHP-iThAT-iKA/ tG.
         RgYUD/ nO. L608)/ ThE lAM-R-iM OF ThE BkA'-GDAMS-PAS/ AND
         OThER TEXTS. hE MADE LARGE O-i9ER-iNGS/ SUCH AS ThE G-iLD-iNG
         OF ThE ROBE OF ThE lORD (~O-BO) -iN lHA SA AND ThE PRESENTA-
         T-iON OF VOT-iVE LAMPS (DKAR-ME). iT -iS STATED ThAT ThE r-iN
         PO-CHEN nAM-MKHA' DPAL-BZAN-PO PASSED AWAY -iN ThE YEAR
         eARTh-fEMALE-sHEEP (SA-R~O-LUG--1379 a.d.). b~-iT -iN Th~
         ~l-iFE" OF ThE pREC-iOUS oNE -iT -iS STATED ThAT HE HHLD BECOME
         AN ASCET-iC AT ThE AGE OF 43 -iN ThE YEAR OF ThE hOTSE (RR.-i LO--
         -i378 a.d.)/ ThAT HE HAD PASSED AWAY AT ThE AGE OF 47/ AND
         ThAT HE HH-iD OCCUP-iED ThE ABBOT'S CHA-iR FOR 15 YEARS. aGA-iN -iN
         ThE l-iFE" OF BkRA-S-iS DPAL-BRTSE;/S-P.L -iT -iS SA-iD ThAT HE WAS
         NOM-iNATED TO ThE CHA-iR -iN ThE sER~-NT YEAR (~BRlLL LO--1377
         a.d.)/ AND ThAT -iN ThE FOLLOW-iNG sHEE~ YEAR LUB-LO--1379
         a.d.)/ ThE dHARMASVAM-iN nAM-MKHA' DPAL-BZHLL;-PO PASSED
         AWHLY. tH~RE -iS Th~S A CL-iFFEREL~CE -i.N ThE DATES G-iVELL -iN ThE
         AH-)~E T~O PA~SA/~S. i)LLR-iN(R ThE CHCLN;LT-iOLL OF Th~ R~MA-iNS OF
                                                                          p.641
         ThE pREC-iOUS oNE/ A hOWER ShOWET FELL AND NUMEROUS -iMAGES
         AND REL-iCS WERE RECOVERED (FROM ThE AShES). a POMPOUS
         FUNERAL R-iTE WAS HELD. tLLEY ALSO ERECTED A S-iLVER REL-iC-HOLDER/
         ONE CUB-iT (KHRU) -iN HE-iGHT/ A LARGE -iMAGE AND COP-iED
         NUMEROUS REL-iG-iOUS BOOKS. aFTER Th-iS/ HE ACTED AS MED-iATOR
         WHEN ~O~ -i LED AN ARMY AGA-iNST MkHAR-RTSE-BA. aFTER ThAT/
         HE PROCEEDED TO StAG-LUN/ CONSTANTLY PREACHED ThERE/ AND
         REVOLVED ThE wHEEL OF ThE lAW. iN H-iS ACT-iONS HE FOLLOWED
         ThE EXAMPLE OF L -iS PREV-iOUS TEACHERS. h-iS FAME SPREAD
         ThROUGHOUT ALL QUARTERS. tH-iS pREC-iOUS oNE -iNTRODUCED ThE
         RULE PROH-iB-iT-iNG ThE BR-iNG-iNG OF MEAT W-iTh-iN ThE PREC-iNCTS
         OF ThE MONASTERY. oN ONE OCCAS-iON HE SENT PRESENTS TO ThE
         SUCCESSOT OF R~E-BTSUN SpY-i-LHAS-PA/ WHO WAS KNOWN TO BE AN
         -iNCARNAT-iON OF aRYA (nAGARJUNA). hE OFFERED TEA TO ThE
         -iNMATES OF ThE MONASTERY. hE SAW -iN A DREAM H-iMSELF
         WEAR-iNG A JEWEL CROWN ADORNED W-iTh ThE -iMAGES OF ThE F-iVE
         dHYAN-i-bUDDLLAS oN SEVERAL OCCAS-iONS HE HAD DTEAMS ThAT
  (104B) HE HAD BEEN NOM-iNATED MASTER (BDAG-PO) OF ThE dOCTR-iNE.
         fOLLOW-iNG (ThESE DREAMS)/ AND/ -iN GENERAL/ -iN ORDER TO SPREAD
         ThE dOCTR-iNE/ AND/ -iN PART-iCULAR/ -iN ORDER TO FULF-iLL ThE W-iSh
         OF ThE ASCET-iC nA~ MKHA' DPAL-BZAR;-PO/ HE MADE EXTENS-iVE
         OFFER-iNGS OF TEA TO ALL ThE MONASTLC ESTABL-iShMENTS -iN DBuS AND
         GtSAN. lATER/ HE SPENT FOUR YEARS -iN STR-iCT SECLUS-iON.
         wH-iLE HE WAS MED-iTAT-iNG/ A GREAT TEMPTAT-iON AROSE -iN H-iM.
         hE MET ThE dHARMASVAM-iN kUN-DGA' BKRA-S-iS WHO HAD COME
         TO rWA-SGRER;/ AND HEARD FROM H-iM ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON R-iTE OF ThE
         15 GODDESSES OF nA-iRATMA (BDAG-MCD LHA-MO B~O LNA) ThE
         "pATh AND fRU-iT" dOCTR-iNE (lAM-'BRAS~/ ThE SYSTEM OF n-i-GU
         (ThE S-iSTER OF nA-RO-PA)/ ~ND MANY OThER REXTS. aFTER ThAT/
         ThE REVOLT OF ThE pHAG-MO-GRU-PAS (NAR;-Z-iR;S--TEVOLT) TOOK
         PLACE. ~N ThE MEANWH-iLE HE MADE EXTENS-iVE OFFER-iNGS AND
         ADMON-iT-iONS~ aFTER ThAT/ HE PROCEEDED TO lHA-SA TO MEET
         ThE DBAN (WANG) gRAGS-PA TGYAL-MTShAN WHO HAD COME TO
         lHA SA hE MADE LARGE OF~ER-iNGS/ SUCH AS ThE OFFER-iNGS
         ã¸F 300 LOADS OF BUTTER FOR ThE VOT-iVE LAMPS OF ThE lORD
         (~O-BO) -iN lH~-SA/ ThE G-iLD-iNG OF ThE lORD'S FACE W-iTh GOLD
                                                                          p.642
         TO ThE VALUE O~ FOUR SRANS/ ThE OF~ER-iN~ OF ~ARMENTS (To ThE
         lORD)/ A CANO~Y (BLA-R-i) AND MANDALAS. oN ThAT OCCAS-iON HE
         V-iS-iTED yER-PA/ 'tShAL AND O~HER LOCAL-iT-iES. hE ALSO CRECTED
         AN -iMAGE OF StAG LUN-ThAN-PA AND CONVEYED -iT TO SgAM-PO.
         tO AN -iMAGE OF dAGS-PO HE OFFERED GARMENTS AND GOLDEN
         VOT-iVE LAMPS. hE ALSO GAVE A SUM OF MONEY TOWARDS ThE
         EXPENSE OF MA-iNTA-iN-iNG ThE LAMPS. aT zANS-LUN LLE OF~ERED
         L;-iMPS AND GARMENTS. hE ALSO OT~ERED N-iNE K-iNDS OF OBJECTS/
         SUCH AS A MANTLE TO SpYAN-SNA ~HLOS-KY-i SEN-GE. hE ALSO
         O~ERED TEA AND MADE PTESENTS. oN TWO OCCAS-iONS L E V-iS-iTED
         uPPER kHAMS AND ThE nORThERN REG-iONS (bYAN-R-iS). hE
         ALSO ACTED AS MED-iATOR/ ACCEPTED OT~ER-iNGS AND PREACHED EXTEN-
         S-iVELY ThE dOCTT-iNE. wHEN -iNV-iTED BY '~AM-DPON SEN-GE OF
         sOG PA/ HE V-iS-iTED SkOR; AND ACTED AS UPADHYAYA AT ThE
         ORD-iNAT-iON OF SpYAN-SNA nAM-MKHA' DPAL-BRTSEGS RGYAL-PO.
         dUR-iNG ThAT T-iME jON-~-i BsOD-NAMS R-iN-CHEN OF 'bR-i-KHU-i-i
         WAGED WAR -iN rON-PO. hE ATTEMPTED TO MCD-iATE -iN ThE
         CASE OF ThE RE-iMBURSEMENT OF ThE EXHOTB-iTANT F-iNE (WH-iCH HAD
         BEEN -iMPOSED)/ BUT ~ON-~-i D-iD NOT L-iSTEN (TO H-iM). wHEN HC
  (105A) CAME TO BsAM-YAS ON H-iS WAY TO pHAG-MO-GRU/ HE TEEE-iVED ThE
         -iNV-iTAT-iON TO PARTAKE OF TEA FRONL SnE-GDON. hE V-iS-iTED ALL
         ThE SACRED OBJECTS (-iN Th-iS MONASTERY)/ AND/ -iN PART-iCULAR/
         HAV-iNG PRESSED TO H-iS HEART ThE SKULL-CUP OF ThE UPADHYAYA
         (~ANTARAKS-iTA)/ HE REMA-iNED SO FOR A CONS-iDERABLE T-iME. oN
         ONE OCCAS-iON HAV-iNG GONE TO M~H-iMS-PH-L/ H-iS RET-iNUE
         EXPER-iCNCED D-iFF-iCULT-iES -iN CL-iMB-iNG A STEEP SLOPE. (aT ThE
         SAME T-iME) MANY SAW ThE pREC-iOUS oNE H-iMSEL~ WALK-iNG
         W-iThOUT TOUCH-iNG (ThE GROUND) W-iTh H-iS FEET. wHEN HE CAME
         TO SnE-GDON/ DbAN gRAGS PA RGYAL-MTSLLAN CAME OUT To RECE-iVE
         H-iM AT L~AN-GL-iN GRU-BZ-i. (~HE pRCC-iOUS oNE) REMA-iNED
         (ThERE) FOR FOUR DAYS. hE RECE-iVED OFFER-iNGS OF SEVERAL MEA-
         SURES OF S-iLVER/ GOLDEN CUPS AND GATMENTS. hE ALSO V-iS-iTED
         kHRA-'BTUG AND RtSES-ThAN. hE SPENT ONE DAY AT tShON-'DUS/
         AND ThEN PROCEEDED TO tHEL. tHE OF~-iC-iALS OF tHEL ARRANGED A
         GREAT TECEPT-iON FOR H-iM. hAV-iNG WORSh-iPPED ThE PREC-iOUS
         -iMAGE -iNS-iDE ThE GRAGS-HUT ('~AG-SPY-iL)/ HE EXPRESSED MANY
                                                                          p.643
         SOLEN~N W-iShES (ThE ~RASS-HUT OF pHAG/-MO-GM-PA AT GdAN-SA
         tLLEL). h-iS RET-iNUE BECAME POSSESSED OF A GOD/ AND MANY
         OF TLLEM BECAME CRAZY. hE MADE LARGE OF~ER-iNGS TO SpYAN-ST-iA
         i~sOD-NAMS GRAGS-PA AND OF~ERED TEA (TO ThE CONGREGAT-iON).
         tHEL-PA (ThC O~-iC-iAL OF ThE PLACE) ALSO RENDERED NUMEROUS
         SCRV-iCES TO H-iM AND N~ACLE LARGE OFFER-iNGS. hE V-iS-iTED StAG-
         L~LN BRAG-N~GO. tHEN ON H-iS RETURN JO-LRNEY/ HE V-iS-iTED lHA-SA/
         Gl3L-i-ThAN/ AND OThER PLACES. iN PART-iC~-i~AR/ A~TER HAV-iNG GONE
         TO RgYA-BRAG/ HE PREACHED ThE dOCTR-iNE/ D~LR-iNG W6-iCH A
         SLLOWER OF TLOWERS/ FELL/ BEAT-iNG DOWN DUST. aBOUT ThAT T-iMC/
         TLLE dLLARMASV~-iM-iLL BdE-BZ-iN GSEGS-PA RECE-i~ED ThE V-iS-iT OF ~N
         OFF-iC-iAL (TA-Z-iN~CH-iN. T~-JEN) WHO CAME TO -iNV-iTE H-iM TO
         cH-iNL (RgYA). pERCE-iV-iNG ThAT RtOGS-LDDN sO-N~G RGYA-BO
         WAS DES-iR-iNG TEA/ AND SgO-MO r-iN-PO-CHE BZA-i-i-DPAL-BA COW
         BUTTER/ HE GAVE TLLEM SOME. wHEN ThEY WERE ENG~GED -iN
         TL~E ERCCT-iON OF A LARGE -iMAGE/ HE SA-iDH ~'d-iG HERE!" tHEY
         DU~/ AND FOUND A BOULDER. hE ALSO SAW ThE HANDLE OF A BLUE
         -OT WH-iCH WAS HiBOUT TO BRE;LK. nUMBETLESS WERE H-iS WORDS
         ;iNC~ ACT-iONS GU-iDED BY H-iS PRESC-iENCE. oN ONE OCCAS-iON WLLEN
         HE FELT -iLL/ HE ORDERED ThE REC-iTAT-iON OF SCR-iPTURCS AFTER DUST-iNG
         ThE VOLUM~S. iT TOOK ThREE YEARS FOR 250 MONKS TO DUST TLLC
  (105B) ~O~LMES. aBOUT TLLAT T-iME TLLE OFFER-iLLGS OF M~ R-iS-P.~
         Rc~ciic(i L~JLd. foRLL1ERLy/ JN ThE CO~LNTRY O~ mEN-ZAN ThERC
         ~ s ~ C~LSTOM OF CREMAT-iNG S-iX OR SEVEN MEN ~L-iVE/ WHELLEVER ~
         NLjiL D-iED. G(~LL-i bY;L-BRAL-P;L/ HAV-iNG MAN-iFESRED H-iS SUPERNA-
         TURAL POWERS/ STOPYED Th-iS PR;LCT-iCE. tHEY ~BSTA-iNED FROM -iT
         FOR 30 YEARS. aBOUT ThAT T-iME TLLE FORMER r-iN-PO-CHE SENT A
         H-i~LM.LN ;~S L--iS REPRESENTAT-iVE ThERE AND ThCY MADE TLLE VOW
         (OF ~L)ST~-iN-iNG) FROM K-iLL-iNG TL~E V-iCT-iMS FOR 1~ YEARS. aFTER
         TLLAT HE WAS REQUESTED TO SEND ANOThER M~LL/ AND 6E DESPATCHED
         TLL~ B~A-MA '~AM-DPAL SEN-GE/ WHO PREACHED TLLE dOCTR-iN~ TO
         TL~C K-iN~/ tLLA-GUR (tL~Al-iUR<s~NSKR-iT tH.LK-i~URA) OF mEN-Z.LN
         (~LCN-ZAN--mES-ZAR; -iN GlO-BO/ EAST OF gUGE -iN wESTERN t-iBET.
         s~E a. h. fR~NCKEH aNT-iQU-iT-iES OF iND-iALL t-iB~T/ 11 (cALCUTTA
         926(/ P 243). hE SENT MANY PRESENTS TO TL~-iS K-iN~7/ SUCH AS
         -iMAGC H-iS OWN H~T/ ETC. hC ~iSO SCNT PR~SENTS TO
                                                                          p.644
         ThC M-iLL-iSTERS w-iMALA AND tH-iR-MA-LE (tLRUMALA)/ AS WCLL AS H-iS
         MESSAGC. tHC K-iNG SA-iDH ~'oN ThE WHOLE/ ThE StAG-LU-i-i-PAS
         HAD BECON~E ThE PROTECTORS OF mEN-ZAN/ S-iNCE ThE T-iME OF mAR-
         GUL GURU." hE OFFERED H-iM ThE CUSTOM OF ThE SO-CALLCD
         F-iRE-WHEEL (ME-'KHOR/ ThE CREMAT-iON OF A HUMAN V-iCT-iTN
         AL-iVE). hE ALSO L)RESENTED MUCH GOLD TO A iLLAN CALLED
         SmAN-LUN-PA/ TO MAKE H-i-iN ABSTA-iN FROM ThE ~F-iRE-WHEEL"
         cusTo~     K-iNG OF L~UL-i-T-i (kULU) NAMED rATNA ALSO
         OFFERED H-iM Th-iS CUSTOLN (-i.E. PROM-iSED TO ABSTA-iN FROM
         Th-iS CUSTOM). oN ONE OCCAS-iON HE SA-iDH ~dANGER
         W-iLL CON~E TO ThC K-iNGDOM !" hE ORDERED EVERYONE TO PERFORM
         R-iTES/ AND REQUESTED ThE DbAN gRAGS-PA RGYAL-MTShAN TO
         PERFORM A GREAT CEREMONY. hE ALSO PERFORMED MANY R-iTES
         -iN H-iS PALACE (BLA-BRAN). bUT -iNSP-iTE OF ALL Th-iS/ A GREAT
         EARThQUAKE TOOK PLACE/ AND ThE EASTERN GATE OF ThE V-iHARA
         CR~LMBLED DOWN/ AS WELL AS MANY CELLS OF ThE MONASTERY.
         hE LLAD TO STAY FOR ONE AND HALF MONTh -iN A TENT AT SkU-
         'BUM-LCAG. dUR-iNG ThE ABSENCE OF H-iS ATTENDANT A HERD OF
         MOUNTA-iN ShEEP (RNA-BA) CAME DOWN TOWARDS H-iM. mOST OF
         ThE AN-iMALS WENT AWAY/ BUT SOME STAYED AND L-iCKED H-iS
         GARMENTS W-iTh ThE-iR TONGUES. hE WAS ENDOWED W-iTh AN
         EXCELLENT PERFUME OF MORAL-iTY AND EVEN ART-iCLES WH-iCH HE KEPT
         NEAR H-iMSELF/ EM-iTTED ThAT PERFUME. wHEN HE USED TO L-iGHT
         A LAMP AT N-iGHT/ H-iS ShADOW WAS BARELY SEEN. hE WAS ABLE
         TO WALK ThROUGH A CLOSED DOOR FROM -iNS-iDE TO OUTS-iDE/ AND
  (106A) FROM OUTS-iDE TO -iNS-iDE. h-iGH OFF-iC-iALS AND cH-iNESE OFF-iC-iALS
         (TA-JEN) WETE UNABLE TO STAND H-iS LUSTRE/ AND ALL WERE RENDERED
         HUMBLE. hE PROCEEDED TOWARDS pHAG-MO-GRU ALLD PRES-iDED
         OVER ThE CONGREGAT-iON DUR-iNG ThE FUNERAL R-iTES FOR ThE DECEASED
         SpYAN-SNA r-iN-PO-CHE BsOD-NAMS BZAN-PA. gON MA (ThE
         sUPER-iOR) gRAGS-PA RGYAL-MTShAN RECE-iVED H-iM AT RdO-MDA'.
         oN ThE DAY OF H-iS REACH-iNG tHEL/ ThERE APPEARED ThREE RA-iN-
         BOWS -iN ThE ShAPE OF A GATE AND R~-iL-iNG (TORANA/ RTA-BABS) -iN
         ThE SKY/ AS WELL AS FOUR OR F-iVE RA-iNBOWS HAV-iNG ThE ShAPE
         OF DOOR-FRAMES' HALVES. aT ThAT T-iME/ HE SYENT FOUR DAYS
         ThERE. aFTER HE HAD SPENT TWO DAYS/ ABOUT NOON/ WHEN HE
                                                                          p.645
         WAS ABOUT TO GO TO yAN-DGON nAN-SO/ HE SA-iDH ~aLL ThE
         DAYS ARE AUSP-iC-iOUS ! aLL ThE STARS ARE AUSP-iC-iOUS ! (Th-iS -iS A
         QUOTAT-iON FROM A SUTRA). tO-DAY i ShALL BE VERY BUSY !" AND
         SAY-iNG SO/ HE WENT. aFTER F-iN-iSh-iNG ThE M-iD-DAY'S FOOD/ HE
         SAT FOR A ShORT WH-iLE -iN MED-iTAT-iON/ AND AFTER ThAT SA-iDH
         ~ pREPARE SOME TEA -iN A LONELY HOUSE/ AND -iNV-iTE ThERE ThE
         UPADHYAYA AND ThE ACARYAS OF tHEL/ AS WELL AS ThE -iNMATES
         O~ BOTh ThE OLD AND NEW MONASTER-iES ! i ShALL OF~ER YOU
         SOME TEA (~A-'DREN-MTShON-C-iG). aLSO PREPARE A H-iGH SEAT
         FOR ThE dHARMASVAM-iN BsOD-NAMS RGYAL-MTShAN/ AND PLACE
         OVER -iT MY RED CARPET/ mY SERVANTS ShOULD ESCORT H-iM HERE/
         AND PLACE H-iM ON ThE SEAT." wHEN ThE dHARMASVAM-iN SAT
         ON ThE SEAT/ HE OFeERED H-iM LARGE PRESENTS AND SA-iD TO H-iMH
         ~lORD pHAG-MO-GRU-PA/ ThE -iNCARNAT-iON OF bUDDHA kRAKU-
         CCHANDA ('kHOR-BA-'~-iG)/ PERFORMED GREAT WORKS FOR ThE WELFARE
         OF NUMBERLESS L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS -iN Th-iS PLACE. aFTER H-iM/ ThE
         MONASTERY WAS LOOKED AFTER BY kYU-RA r-iN-PO-CHE. aFTER
         ThAT/ S-iNCE ThE COM-iNG TO ThE ABBOT'S CHA-iR OF SpYAN-SNA
         r-iN-PO-CHE T-iLL ThE PRESENT T-iME/ ThE MONASTERY HAS BEEN
         LOOKED AFTER BY H-iS UNDEF-iLED DESCENDANTS. nOW YOU ShOULD
         BECOME ThE HEAD AND LEADER OF NUMEROUS D-iSC-iPLES. yOU
         W-iLL BE NOT -iNFER-iOR TO YOUR PREDECESSORS -iN MERCY AND
         LABOURS !" SpYAN-SR;A r-iN-PO-CHE REPL-iEDH ~L ShALL ACT
         ACCORD-iNG TO YOUR COMMAND !" wHEN HE REACHED SnS-
         GDOR;/ ThERE WERE ABOUT TWO FAThOMS ('DOM) (OF WATER) TO CROSS
  (106B) BETWEEN ThE FERRY AT ~AR;-PO AND ThE R-iVER BANK. sOME SAW
         H-iM CROSS-iNG ThE T-iVER ON A HORSE. lAS-CHEN r-iN-RGYAL-BA SAW
         H-iM D-iSMOUNT-iNG FROM H-iS HORSE AND WALK-iNG W-iThOUT TOUCH-
         -iNG ThE SURFACE OF ThE WATER W-iTh H-iS FEET. tHERE WERE
         MANY S-iM-iLAR V-iS-iONS. DbAN gRAGS-PA RGYAL-MTShAN RECE-iVED
         H-iM AT ThE LAND-iNG PLACE (SAN-KHA)/ OF~ERED H-iM FOOD
         (ZABS-TOG) AND PRESENTS/ AND ThEN ESCORTED H-iM AS FAR AS
         bYA.SA.
         hE WAS REQUESTED TO COME AGA-iN/ BUT REPL-iEDH ~'nOW i
         ShALL NOT COME." hE RETURNED (TO StAG-LUR-i). fROM ThE
         e-iNPEROR yE-DBAN (yUNG-LO/ i 403-1424) HE RECE-iVED ThE T-iTLE
                                                                          p.646
         OF g~L-SRL (kUO-Sh-iH)/ ThE S-iLVER SEAL/ ThE KAO-M-iN (KAO-M-iNG/
         LCTTER PATC-NT) H~ND M~NY PRESENTS. aFTER TLLAT HE SUDDENLY
         RELL SER-iOUSLY -iLL CA~LSED BY SOME DEF-iL-iNG -iNL~UENCES (SKU-GR-i6
         -iS O~CEN USED -iN TLLE SENSE OF PAR~-iLYS-iS)/ ~-iND PERFOR-iNED 311
         CLHLBOR~TE R-iTE. hE APPO-iNTED ThE dHARMASyAN--iN bY~N-CLLTL6
         RGY~-MTSL~O-B~ TO ThE ;iBBOT'S CHA-iR. aFTER ~ ShORT WH-iLE LL-iS
         -iLCLLTh -iMPROVED/ ~ND HE W~S ASKED HLBOL~T TLLC C;~USE OF Th-iS
         -iMPROVCLLLCNT. hE SH~-iDH "fOLLOW-iNG Hi V-iOLENT HiTT~CK O~ S~D-
         NC5S (N-iLLS~R~N~ S-'BYUL-i)/ TLLE V-iTAL BREATLL (PRANA/ RLUL;-SEMS)
         COLLECTED W-iTh-iN ThE LLEART/ AND PENETR;LTED -iNTO ThE C;LROT-iD
         wciiL (~ DH~LTL). bEC~-iUSE OF Th-iS/ i SAW -iN FRONT OF ME -iN
         ThE SKY ALL ThE TEACLLERS OF ThE l-iNEAGE/ FROM wAJRADHAR;L TO MY
         PERSO~ L TE;LCHER (WHO L~D -iN-iT-iATED ME/ RTSA-BA-I BLA-MA MEANS
         TL~E TEACLLCR WHO H~D BESTOWED -iN-iT-iAT-iON~/ BELOW ThE-iN STOOD
         NUMERO~LS TUTELARY DE-iT-iES/ AND BES-iDES ThEM bliDDLLAS/ bODLL-i-
         S~TTVAS/ N~ONKS ~ND pR~-iTYEKA-BUDDLLAS. bELOW ThEM TLLERE
         STOOD VLRAS (DPA'-BO/ A MALE DE-iTY COUNTERPART OF A DAK-iNL)/
         ~ND DAK-iN-iS/ TOGEThER W-iDL ThE rEL-iG-iOUS pROTECTORS (dH;LRM;-i-
         P~LAS). aFTER Th;~T i ~-iB-iDED -iN ThE ESSENCE OF ThE~gREAT
         sEAL' (mALLAMUDR~)." oN N~NNEROUS OCC~S-iONS LLE ~DM-iTCED TLLH-iT
         -iN H-i~NSELF St~G-LUN-Th~N-PA/ ThE gRE;LT/ H;LD APPE;LRED AG~-iN.
         tHEN/ FOLLOW-iNG ~N HiTTH~CK OF COLD/ HE PASSED AW~Y ~T ThE AGE
         OF 66 -iN ThE YEAR wOOD-mHiLE-dRHLGON (S-iN-PHO-'BRUG--1424
         a.d.). aT ThE T-iME OF H-iS DEATh/ HE W;LS HiSKEDH ~ wHERC
         TO SL-iOUK-i ~-(E ADDRESS O--iR PR;LYERS?" ~ND HE REPL-iEDH ~oN TLLE
         L~ST D~Y OF ThE F~-iNERAL RLTE/ i Sh;LLL APPE~R -iN ThE SKY ~BOVE
         TLLE GR~SS-LLUT (/~G-SPYLL/ OF pHAG-MO-GRU-P;L) AND RECE-iVE
         YOUR PRHLYERS. s-iTN-iLAR TO ThE PREV-iOUS TEACHERS/ WL~O LLAD
         P~SSCD AW~Y/ i ShALL RECE-iVE YOUR PRAYERS -iN t~LS-iTA." tHEN
         HEAVELLLY MUS-iC OF D-iF~ERENT K-iNDS RESOUNDED AND ALL S~W HiBOVE
         ThE P~LACE A Sh-iLL-iNG WH-iTE P-iLL;~R STAND-iNG ERECT aFTER ThE
         CREL11~T-iON OF L--iS REM~-iNS/ FOUR CONCHES TW-iSTED To ThE R-iGHT
  (107A) AND NUMEROUS REL-iCS WERE RECOVERED (FROM ThE ~ShES). aT
         ThE TLME OF ThE CREMHLT-iON/ ~ ShOWER OF T~OWERS/ E;LCH OF WLL-iCL
         LL~D FOUR PET~LS ~ND ~ REL-iC ~S -iTS ~NTLLERS (ZE-'B-LM)/ FELL W-iTh-iN
         TLLE ~RE~ COVERED BY TLLE SMOKE (FROM TLLE PYRE)/ .iND SOME O~
                                                                          p.647
         ThESE FLOWERS EVEN FELL -iLLTo TLLE TEA-CUPS OF ThE MONKS W60
         WERE PRESENT.
            tHE dHA~MAS~AM-iN bYAN-CHUB RGYA-MTShOH HE WAS
         BORN -iN ThE YEAR wATER-fCLLLALE-sHEEP (CLLLL-MO-LUG--1403
         a.d.)/ tL~-iS wATER-sHEEP YEAR (C6U-LUG--1403 a.d.)
         WAS ThE 4STh YEAR OF ThE dHARMASVALLL-iN BkRA-S-iS
         D~AL-BRTSEGSPA. aBUT Th-iS pREC-iOUS oNE/ DpAL-MKHA'-SPOYD-
         PA HAD SA-iD j ~bECAUSE OF VERY MANY FORMER KARM-iC DEEDS/
         i ShALL OCCUPY ThE CHA-iR OF ThE tEACHER -iN TLLE nORThE~N
         REG-iON AND ShALL COMPLETE H-iS LABOURS." hE BECAME BkRA-
         S-iS GRAGS-PA/ ThE D-iSC-iPLE OF SkU-YAL-BA/ AND BECAUSE OF Th-iS/
         TLLERE WERE NUMEROUS PROOFS O~ H-iS BE-iNG FORLLLERLY DpAL-MKHA'-
         SPYOD-PA. aT ThE AGE OF 2 2/ -iN ThE YEAR wOOD-mALE-
         dRAGON (S-iN-PHO-'BRUG--i42~ a.d.) LLE CAME TO TLLE ABBOT'S
         CHA-iR/ AND ACTED AS ABBOT DUR-iNG 7 YEARS/ TLLL TLLE iRON-mALE-
         dOG YEAR (iCAGS-PLLO-KHY-i_ i430 a.d.). aFTER ThAT HE
         BECAME ALL ASCET-iC/ WANDERED ThROUGH ALL ThE UPLANDS AND
         LOWLANDS/ AND LOOKED AFTER ThE WEL~ARE OF OTL~ERS. hE TLEN
         TRAdSFERRED LL-iS RES-iDENCE TO A L~UT (GZ-iMS-SPY-iL). aT TLLE
         END (OF H-iS L-i~E)/ HE JOURNEYED SLOWLY TO kOL-i-PO AND MdO-
         kLLAMS/ AND LOOKED AFTER NULdEROUS D-iSC-i~ES. i~E PASSED
         AWAY AT ThE AGE OF 46 -iN ThE YEAR eARTLL-mALE-dRAGON (SA-
         pL10-~BRuG--i448 a.d.) -iN MdO-kHAMS. tHE dL~ARMASVAM-iLL
         BkRA-S-iS DPAL-'OD-PA WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR eARThmALC-mOUSE
         (SA-PLLO-BY-i-BA--1408 a.d.). hE cALLLE TO T6E ABBOT'S C6A-iR -iN
         TLLE YEAR iRON-dOG (iCAGS-KHY-i--1430 a.d.) AT TLLE AGE OF 23.
         i-LE OCCU~-iED ThE CLLA-iR FgR 3 1 YCATS/ AND PASSED AWAY AT ThE
         AGE OF 53 -iN ThE YEAR jRON-dRAGON (LCAGS-'BMG--1460 a.d.).
         tHE pREC-iOUS dL~A~MAS-~AL~-iRL ~AG-DB~N GR~GS-PA DPAL-BZAN-PO
         WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR eAR~ LALE-dOG (SA-PLL~KLLY-i--1418
         a.d.). hE ATTENDED ON MANY LLOLY MEN AND STUD-iED EXTEN-
         S-iVELY ThE pRAJNAPARALLL-iTA AND TLLE tANTRA-p-iTAKA. hE ALSO
         LLEARD MANY PRECEPTS ON MED-iTAT-iVE PRACT-iCES (SGRUB-BRGYU~L).
         iN PART-iCULAR/ WLLEN LLE CAME TO ~tSAT-i/ HE ATTENDED ON MANY
         LLOLY NLEN/ -iLLCLUD-iNG TLLE aLL-kNOW-iNG ~H60S-KY-i RGYAL-PO
         AND OTL~ERS. hE STAYED AT MANY PLACES/ SUCLL AS DpAL-MO
                                                                          p.648
         CHOS-SD-iNS/ lA-PHY-i (NEAR S~E.NALiL) AND OThCRS. h-iS FAiLLE
  (107B) ENCOMPASSED ALL QUARTERS. aT ThE AGE OF 44/ HE CAME
         TO ThE ABBOT'S CHA-iR -iN ThE YEAR iRON-fEMALE-sERPENT (iCAGS-
         iN~SBRUL--1461 a.d.). tHERE WAS NO ONE EQU~L TO H-iM -iN
         ThE KNOWLEDGE OF ThE iNNER (NAN-G-i MKHYEN-PA/ -i.E. ThE
         UNDERSTAND-iNG OF SUNYATA) AND -iN M-iND CONCENTRAT-iON. hC
         MADE H-iMSEL~ FAMOUS BY LOOK-iNG A~TER GREAT V-iHARAS. tHE
         WORLDLY PROSPER-iTY OF DpAL StAG LUN-ThAN ALS~) -iNCREASED -iN
         ThE L-iFE-T-iME OF Th-iS pREC-iOUS dHARLR.AS~AM-iN. hE WAS
         SUCCESSFUL -iN ALL H-iS WORKS/ AS FAR AS ThE K-iN~DOOM OF L~AN/
         W-iThOUT REAV-iNG H-iS MAT. aLL ThE tR-iP-iTAKADHARAS/ WHO
         ATTENDED ON H-iM/ FA-iLED TO GTASP ThE DEPTh OF H-iS W-iSDOM/
         AND FELT HUMBLE. h-iS L-ieE WAS V-iRTUOUS. h-iS HOUSE AND
         GTOUNDS WERE F-iLLED W-iTh WEALTh. hE ERECTED GREAT -iMAGES/
         AND D-iSTT-iBUTED R-iCH ALMS. h-iS OThER NUMEROUS DEEDS WERE
         -iNCONCE-iVABLE. wHEN DBoN r-iN-PO-CHE HAD REACHED ThE
         AGE OF 13/ HE APPO-iNTED H-iM TO ThE ABBOT'S CHA-iR/ AND
         H-iMSELF BECAME AND ASCET-iC/ AND -iS ST-iLL L-iV-iNG. tHE pREC-iOUS
         dHARMAS~AM-iN BkRA-S-iS DPAL-BA WAS BORN AT ThE bYE-MA -iN
         ThE YEAR iRON-fEMALE-sERPER/T (iCAGS-MO-SBRUL--1461 a.d.).
         fROM ThE pREC-iOUS dHARMASVAM-iN HE HEARD Th^ COMPLETE
         DOCTR-iNE OF ThE BkA'-BRGYUD-PAS. aT ThE AGE OF 13/ HE CAME
         TO ThE ABBOT'S CHA-iR. iN GENERAL/ -iN TL~-iS sLLOWY cOUNTRY OF
         t-iBET/ AS TOLD ON ThE STONE P-iLLAR (RDO-R-iNS) OF lHA SA/ ~S-iNCE
         ThE M-iRACULOUS lHA-BTSUN PO 'oD-LDE SpiL-RGYAL HAD FOUNDED
         ThE K-iNGDOM AND T-iLLED ThE SO-iL (ThE WORDS YUL-BYUN SA-DOD
         HAVE BECOME ET~ACED ON ThE P-iLLAR OF lHA-SA)-i7/ ThEY RULED
         AS VERY GREAT K-iNGS OF t-iBET." fROM G~A-KHR-i BTSAN-PO
         'oD-LDE T-iLL rAL-PA-CAN/ 42 K-iNGS/ W-iThOUT -iNTERRUPT-iON OF ThE
         L-iNE/ PROTECTED ThE-iR t-iBETAN SUBJECTS. lONG WAS ThE-iR
  (108A) l-iNEAGE AND GREAT WAS ThE-iR GRACE (BKA'-'DR-iN -iS AN OLD OR~HO-
         GTAPHY; ThE MODERN WORD -iS WR-iTTEN BKA''DR-iN~/ tHE
         dHARRNARAJA kHR-i-SRON iDE-BTSAN ACTED AS ALMSG-iVER (OF ThE
         bUDDH-iST COMMUN-iTY~. tHE MAHA-UPADHYAYA ~ANTARAKS-iTA
         1~ wERBAL COMMUN-iCAT-iON OF rEV! DgE-'DUN CHOS PHEL.
                                                                          p.649
         ACTED AS UPADHYAYA. tHE "sEVEN mEN ON tR-iAL" (SAD-M-i M-i
         BDUN) AND OThERS WERE ORDA-iNED/ AND ALL TLLE ORDA-iNED ONES
         POSSESSED FAULTLESS MORAL ~)RECEPTS. tLLOUGH ALL O~ TL~EM WERE
         ABLE TO EXPOUND ThE tHREE p-iTAKAS W-iTh ThE HELP OF ThE-iR LEATN-
         -iNG/ dAR-MA CAUSED ThE dOCTR-iNE TO D-iSAPPEAR. iN Th-iS MANNER
         ThE dOCTR-iNE OF oRD-iNAT-iON (r~B-TU BYUN-BA-I BSTAN-PA) D-iD
         NOT LAST -iN t-iBET FOR MORE TLLAN 67 YEARS. a~TER ThAT/ FOR
         iLORE ThAN SEVELLTY YEARS/ ThE NAT-iVES O~ DBuS AND GtSAT-i
         FOUGHT ONE ANOThER/ ALLD MOLLAST-iC COLdTNUN-iT-iES WERE NOT TO B~
         FOUND ANYWHERE. tHEN BY ThE GRACE OF BlA-CHEN-PO AND ThE
         ~s-iX OR tEN mEN OF DBuS AND GtSAT-i"/ ThE NUMBER OF
         MONAST-iC COMMUN-iT-iES GREATLY -iNCREASED. bUT DUR-iNG ThE
         PER-iOD O~ C-iV-iL WARS BETWEEN TLLE VAR-iOUS N~OLLASTER-iES/ AND -iN
         LATER T-iMES WHEN ThE mONGOL TROOPS REACHED rWA-SGTEN/ ABOUT
         500 MONKS WERE K-iLLED. a~ RgYAL ABOUT A LiUNDRED MEN AND
         HORSES WCRE K-iLLED. mANY S-iLiL-iLAR UPHEAVALS TOOK PLACE.
         lATER/ BY ThE GRACE OF ThC tEACHER 'pHAGS-PA/ ThE sA-SKYA-PAS
         ACTED AS OVERLORDS OF DBuS/ GtSAT-i AND kHAMS. bUT LATER/
         BECAUSE O~ -i-iLTERNAL FEUDS/ AMONG ThE-iR DESCENDANTS/ ThE-iR
         dOCTR-iNE D-iD NOT LAST FOR MORE Th~N 75 YEARS. tHEN AGA-iN
         ThE D-iSC-iPLES OF ThE mASTER dAGS-PO AND ThE-iT D-iSC-iPLES HAVE
         EACH O~ ThEM FOUNDED GREAT MONASTER-iES. aT GdAN-SA tHEL
         AFTER ThE DEATh OF 'gRO-BA-I MgO-i~-PO (pHAG-MO-GRU-PA) FOR A
         LONG T-i.~E ThERE WAS NO ABBOT/ AND D-iSORGALi-iZAT-iON SET -iN.
         iN Th-iS COUNTRY OF t-iBET/ 'bR-i-KLLUT-i tLiEL -iS ThE GREATEST OF ThE
         MONAST-iC CONGREGAT-iONS FOUNDED -iN ONE PLUCE . lATER/ ThE sA
         SKYA-PAS BURNT DOWN ThE MON~STERY. tLiE ~R-iHARA -iTSELF AND
         ALL ThE HOLY OBjECTS PER-iShED -iN ThE F-iRE/ AND ThERE WAS
         MUCH iiARDSh-iP.
            StAG-LUNaH -iN ThE BE~-iNN-iLLG StAG-LUT-i-TL AT-i-PA FOUNDED ThE
         MONASTERY/ AND S-iNCE H-iS T-iME T-iLL ThE PRESENT DAY ThERE HAS
         BEEN A LONG SUCCESS-iON OF TEACHERS. tHE V-iHARA AND TLLE
         MONAST-iC CONGREGAT-iON WERE D-iST-iNGU-iShED BY EXCELLENCE. t-iLL
  (108B) ThE PRESENT T-iME NO DAMAGE HAS BEEN DONE TO -iT. aT ThE
         T-iME OF ThE GREAT PAN-iC (CAUSED L~Y ThE ARR-iVAL OF) mONGOL
         TROOPS/ ThOUGii ThE TROOPS PASSED -iN eRONT OF pLiON-MDO/ StAG-
                                                                          p.650
         LUN D-iD NOT SUFFER ThE SL-iGHTEST DAMAGE. lATER/ WHEN ThE
         'bR-i-KHUN-PAS MUSTERED A HOST COMPOSED OF ThE SUBJECTS OF
         BOTh ThE K-iNG AND ThE MONASTERY/ AND F-iLLED W-iTh -iT ThE
         GREAT PLA-iN OF RtSES-Th;LR;/ TLLEY WERE URTERLY ROUTED BY A HUN-
         DRED StAG-LUN-PAS. iN SLLORT (ONE MUST S~Y) TLLAT S-iNCE ThE
         FOUNDHLT-iON OF Th-iS MON~STERY TO TL~E PRESENT DAY/ ThOUGH N1ANY
         YEARS HAVE PASSED/ ThE STR-iCT RULE ThAT WOMEN ShOULD NOT DARE
         TO LOOK -iN ThE D-iRECT-iON OF ThE MONASTERY/ AND ThE CONT-iNUANCE
         OF TLLE PRACT-iCE OF REL-iG-iON HAVE NOT DETER-iORATED/ AND ThEREFORE
         TLi-iS MONASTERY REMA-iNS ã¹iNSURPASSED (BY OThERS). oNE ShOULD
         KNOW TLLAT TB-iS -iS DUE TO ThE BLESS-iNG OF S-iDDHAS/ WHO HAD
         APPE~RED AMONG -iTS TEACHERS. i BEL-iEVE ThESE TE~CHERS WERE
         EXPERTS -iN ThE PERFORMANCE OF AUSP-iC-iOUS CEREMON-iES/ AND
         ThEREFORE ThE MONASTERY ENJOYED ~ LONG EX-iSTENCE. s-iNCE ThE
         FOUND;}T-iON OF ThE MONASTERY -iN TLLE YE~T iRON-m~-iLE-mOUSE
         (iC;LGS-PH~BY-i-BA--ii80 a.d.) T-iLL RHE PTESENT f-iRE-mALE-
         aPE (ME-PH~SPRE'U--1476 a.d.) 297 YEARS LiAVE PASSED.
         s~NS-RGYAS-DBONaH HE WAS BORN -iN LLLdO-kLLAMS -iN ThE YEAR
         iRON-fEMALE-hOG (iCAGS MO-PH3G--12 5 1 a .d. tLLE rE'U-M-iG
         (jasb/ 1889/ n. ~/ P. 547) HAS 1250 a.d./~/ WHEN sANS-
         RGYAS Y~R-BY~N WAS 49. aS A CH-iLD HE W~S TAKEN AWAY BY
         H-iS PARENTS (TO ~NOThER LOCAL-i~Y). wHEN TLLEY WERE CROSS-iNG
         TLLE p~SS OF GlAN-L-iN/ HE WORE A PA-iR OF SANDALS/ AND WH-iLE
         WHLLK-i-i-G OVER ThE SR-iOW/ LEFT H-iS TOE-PR-iNTS ON (ThE SURFACE OF
         ThE SNOW). hE WAS ~N -iNCARNAT-iON OF ThE mASTER SgA-iN-PO-P~.
         tL~E F-iRST OF H-iS NUMEROUS M-iRACLES WAS ThE LEAV-iNG OF FOOT-
         PR-iNTS ON ThE SNOW DESCR-iBED ABOVE. lATER/ WHEN SOME OF
         H-iS BOY FR-iENDS HAD GONE TO ~ MOUNTA-iN TO COLLECT ROOTS/ LiE
         CREATED .NANY PLiANTOM CH-iLDREN S-iM-iLAR TO ThEM/ AND PL~YED
         W-iTLL ThEM. aT SbRAS/ HE SN~TCHED AW;~Y TLLE ORNAMELiT~ OF ~
         YOUNG G-iRL/ ~L~D SEVERAL MEN C6ASED L~-iN1/ 6UT L~E CRE~TED A B-iG
         LAKE BETWEEN ThEM AND H-iMSELF/ ~ -iCH ThEY COULD NOT CROSS.
         sUCLi WERE ThE M-iRACLES PERFORLdED BY H-iLLL -iN 6-iS CL~-iLDBOOD.
  (109A) aT ThE ;iGE OF j3/ HE WAS ORD~-iNED -iN ThE PRESENCE OF
         s~NS~RGYAS YAR-BYON. hE HEARD FROM Li-iM TL~E COMPLETE
         PRECEPTS OF ThE Bk~'-BRGYUD-P~S ~ND MOST OF TLLE dOCTR-iNE/
                                                                          p.651
         WH-iCH HAD OT-iG-iNATED FROM 'gRO-BA-I MGON-PO pL-AG-MO-GRU-PA/
         AND WH-iCLi EX-iSTED AMONG TLLE StAG-LUN-PAS -iN ThE FORM OF AN
         ORAL TRAD-iT-iON. tHERE D-iD NOT EX-iST A S-iNGLE p-iTAKA OR tANTRA-
         p-iTLKA WH-iCH REMA-iLLED UNKNOWN TO H-iM. hE PRE~CLLED TLLE
         GREAT COMMENTAR-iES ON ThE mADHYAMAKA TO TLLE UPADHYAYA
         tHAN-SAG-PA AND OTLLERS (tHAL-i-SAG-PA WAS A FAMOUS mADLLYA-
         MAKA SCHOLAR). hE ALSO PREACHED TLLE SgRON-M3 GSAL-BA
         [pRADLPODYOTANA--iL~N~A-T.KA/ tG. RgYUD/ nO.L78S)/ ThE COM-
         N~ELiTARY ON ThE gUHYASAMAJA/ AND MANY OThER TE~TS TO TLLOSE
         WHO WERE ANX-iOUS TO L-iSTEN TO ThE-iR EXPCS-iT-iON. h-iS NALiLE WAS
         gRAGS-PA-DPAL. aT ThE T-i-iNE OF ThE DEATLi OF sANS-RGYAS YAR-
         BYON ThE ABBOT'S CHA-iR WAS ENTRUSTED TO L -iM. oN ThE WHOLE/
         Th-iS sANS-RGYAS YAR-BYON /PENT MUCH OF H-iS T-iME -iN SECLUS-iON/
         BUT/ WHEN 'pHAGS-PA CAME ThERE/ HE ATTENDED ThE CONGREGAT-iON/
         AND MET ~pLiAGS-PA. a~ ThAT T-iME HE ENTRUSTED H-iS NEPl-EW
         mA-i-iGALA.GURU TO 'pHAGS-PA. sANS-RGYAS YAR-BYON H-iLiLSELF
         TOLD mANGALA-GURU ThE REASONS FOR H-iS ASSUM-iNG ThE ABBOTSh-iP.
         (tHEREFORE) ThESE TWO (gRAGS-PA-DPAL AND mA-i-iGALA-GUR~-i)
         D-iSAGREED ON ThE SUBJECT OF ThE ABBOTSh-iP/ BECAUSE ThE
         tEACL~ER 'pLLA;/S-PA SUPPOTTED mAN-GUR-BA (mANGALA-GURU).
         sANS-RGYAS-DBON/ AeTER ACT-iNG AS ABBOT FOR OLLE YE;LR/ WAS COM-
         PELLED TO PROCEED TO kHAmS. hE PACKED AWAY EVEN ThE DR-iED
         EXCREMENTS [ROM ThE LATR-iNE OF St;-iG-LU-i-i CL~OS-R~E -iN A SK-iN/ AND
         CARR-iED TiiENL AWAY W-iTh H-iM. hE ALSO TOOK AWAY TL~C OThER
         HOLY OBJECTS/ AND ThE STAFF OF ThE wENERABLE m-iD-LA/ ALSO H-iS
         L~DLE. a MESSENGER FRO-iii s~-SKYA BEGGED H-iM TO LEAVE BEH-iND
         ThE STAL~ AND ThE LADLE/ BUT 11 D-iD NOT G-iVE ThEM BACK. tHEN/
         A MESSENGER S~-iGGESTED TO H-iTNaH ~g-iVE ME A SKULL-CUP AND A
         ST-iCK. i ShALL SAY ThAT ThESE WERE TLLE GENU-iNE ONES." bUT
         s~!-iS-RGYAS-DBON SA-iDH ~dON'T DO SUCH TLL-iNGS! aFTERW~RDS
  (109B) PEOPLE W-iLL HAVE NO FA-iTh -iN ThESE GENU-iNE AND FALSE REL-iCS".
         tLLE MONKS WLiO WERE ACCOMPANY-iNG Li-i~N ALSO REQ.LESTED H-iN~
         TO LEH-iVE ThE OBJECTS BEH-iND/ BUT 6E SA-iDH ~sANS-RGYAS YAR-BYON
         H~D TOLD ME ThAT i ShOULD NOT SEPARATE FRON~ T-i-iESE OBJECTS
         T-iLL MY DEATLL! iF i DO -iT/ i Sh~-iLL D-iE!"/ ON SAY-iNG SO/ HE FELT
         -iLL. tLiE mONKS PRAYED E~RNESTLY/ AND LiE REy-iVED. aFTER ThAT
                                                                          p.652
         HE PROCEEDED TO kHAMS -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-fEMALE-mOUS~
         (ME-PHO.BY-i-BA--1276 a.d.~. aT ThE AGE OF 26/ HE FOUNDED
         r-i-BO CHE. t-iLL ThE PTESENT DAY -iT -iS ThE GREATEST N~ONASTERY
         -iN kHAMS. iN MY OP-iN-iON/ sAN~RGYAS YAR-BYON H3D PTOBABLY
         SEEN TL-E BEG-iNN-i~G AND TBE END OF ThESE EVENTS/ AND HAD
         -iNSTRUCTED ThE TWO NEPHEWS TO ACT AS ABBOTS. hE PASSED
         AWAY AT ThE AGE OF 46 -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-mALE-aPE (ME PHO-
         SPRE'U--1296 a.d.).
            dO-PA dAR-MA ~ES-RABH HE WAS BORN AT ~gON-DE dO-RA -iN
         ThE YEAR eARTh-mALE-mOUSE (SA-PHO BY-i-BA--i 228 a.d.)
         WHEN sANS-RGYAS YAR-BYON WAS 26. hAV-iNG BECOME A D-iSC-iPLE
         OF sANS-RGYAS YAR-BYON/ HE HE~RD ThE H-iDDEN PRECEPTS ~ROM
         H-iM. hE USED TO SAY; ~'1 HAVE MET sANS-RGYAS YAR-BYON -iN ThE
         T-iME WHEN HE WAS iNDTABUDDH-i/ AND S-iNCE ThEN HAVE FOLLOWED
         H-iM ThROUGH MANY EX-iSTENCES. nOW i HAVE FULLY OBTA-iNED
         H-iS GRACE." aT ThE AGE OF 61/ HE FOUNDED SkON-DGON/ AND
         PASSED AWAY AT ThE AGE OF 83. hE ALSO OBTA-iNED ThE MASTERY
         OF ThE pATh OF ThE ' gREAT sEAL" ~mAHAMUDRA-)/ AND WAS ABLE
         BY A MERE OTDER TO -iNVOKE (H-iS) rEL-iG-iOUS pROTECTOR. wKEN a-
         TSA-RA pA-S-i (pA S-i<BAYS-i) ARR-iVED AT 'dAM/ HE MADE ThE REQUEST
         FOR SOME SERVANTS TO LOOK AFTER ThE HORSES (RT~-GYOG)/ AND
         (dAR-MA ~ES R~B) SENT MANY MONKEYS TO SERVE ON H-iM. iN ThE
         BEG-iNN-iNG HE BAD FA-iTh -iN DBoN-PO ONLY/ AND ThERE~ORE CON-
         VEYED O~ET-iNGS TO r-i-BO-CHE. hE HAD L-iTTLE FA-iTh -iN mANGALA-
         GURU. lATER HE USED TO SAY ThAT mANGALA-GUTU WAS ALSO A
         S-iDDHA/ AND MADE EXTENS-iVE OFLER-iNGS TO H-iM.
         h-iS NEPHEW mANGALARATNA. eTER H-iM ML;~M-MED
         gRAGS-PA TGYAL-PO/ SkYES-MCHOG n~M-MKHA' SN-iN-PO/ nAM-
         MKHA'-DPAL-BRTSEGS RGYAL-PO/ DpAL-BRTSEGS RGYA-MTSLiO/ AND
         DpAL-BRTSEGS BZAN-PO HAVE OCCUP-iED ThE ~BBOT'S CHA-iR. tBE
  (110A) cHAPTER ON StAG~ N-PA AND (H-iS) D-iSC-iPLES.
            tHE CH-iEF D-iSC-iPLE (BU-CHEN) OF 'gRO-MGON (pHAG-~NO-GRU-
         PA) WAS zWA-RA-I SkAL-LDAN yE-SES SEN-GE. iN A FORMER EX-iS-
         TENCE WHEN HE H;~D BEEN BORN AT ~H-i-PL-UG -iN kHAMS/ H-iS NALR.E
         ~ S BEEN tSOL-PA. h-iS FAM-iLY (NAHNE) WAS KlAD-RU. aT ThA~
         T-iME H-iS MOThER (HAD BEEN) DmAR.GZ~' pAD-MA. a YOG-iN/
                                                                          p.653
         LEARNED -iN TLLE cYCLE OF sAMVAR~/ CAME eROM TLLE nEPAL-t-iBETAN
         BORDERLAND/ AND -iN-iT-iATED H-iM. tH-iS YOG-iN HAD A W-iFE (~O-MO)
         AND A BLACK SERVANT. tLLESE LLE GAVE TO H-iN~. iN Th-iS COUNTRY
         ThERE ~ERE F-iVE BROThERS/ AND ThE F-iFTL~ CARR-iED AWAY H-iS W-iFE.
         hE LL-iMSELF APPRELLEND-iNG MURDER/ LAY DOWN -iNS-iDE A GRANARY.
         tHE BLACK SERVANT TOLD L~ 'oNE ShOULDN'T BE AF~A-iD! i CAN
         CERTA-iNLY K-iLL (TLiENL ALL AT ONCE)." oN ThE PALM OF LL-iS LLAND
         L~E HAD ThE S-iGN OF A SWOTD. iiE ThEN K-iLLED (ThE K-iDNAPPER~.
         ~iT SEEMS ThAT ThE tELCLiER WLiO HAD -iN-iT-iATED H-iM WAS
         sAMyARA/ TLLE W-i~E--dA-K-i-MA (wAJRAVARALL~)/ AND TL~-iS BLACK
         SERVANT--~N n~ThA (DpAL MgON-PO)"/ ThUS -iT HAS BEEN SA-iD BY
         zWA-RA BA H-iMSEL~ WA RA-BA -iN Th-iS L-ieE WAS BORN AT mON 'GAR.
         iA H-iS YOUTh/ WHEN G~LARD-iNG GOATS/ A SELF-PRODUCED FACULTY OF
         CONCENTRATED TRANCE WAS BORN -iN H-iM AFTER LOOK-iNG FROM A 6-iLL-
         TOP ON TLLE MOLLNT~-iNS Oe ThE MONASTER;~ OF pLLLG-MO-GL-U-PA.
         oNCE TWO MED-iT~T-iVE ASCET-iCS D-iSCUSSED MED-iTAT-iON BETWEEN
         ThEMSELVES. hE ThOUGLLTH '~iF TL~-iS -iS MED-iTAT-iON/ TiiEN i ALSO
         KNOW HOW TO MED-iT;LTE.'' hAV-iNG COLdE TO T6E iLLONASTERY/ HE
         iLLET 'gRO-MGON/ WHO SA-iD To H-iMH ~iN YOUR FORMER L-i~E YOU
         HAD BEEN A GREAT MED-iTATOR/ BUT ThERE -iS ST-iLL A TRANSGRESS-iOii
         -iN YOUT wOwS. wHEN YOU WERE -iN YOUR MOTLiER'S WOMB/
         YOUR MOThER'S BODY FELT AT EASE/ BECAUSE YOU HAD BEEN (-iN ThE
         PAST) A GOOD ASCET-iC (SGOM-CHEN)/ AND ThUS A NATUR~L FACULTY OF
         CONCENTRATED TRANCE WAS BORN -iN YOU. aS A S-iGN ThAT YOU
         H~D TRANSGRESSED YOUR VOWS -iN YOUR FORMER L-iVES/ YOU LiAVE ThE
         LiAB-iTOF SLEEP-iNG FACE DOWNWARDS." 'gRO~MGON TLLCN -iNTRO.
         DUCED H-iM TO LL-iS OWN m-iND AND AN EXCELLEAT -iNS-iGHT U/AS
         PRODUCED -iN Li-iM. hE W~S G-iVEN ThE NATNE O~ SkAL-LDAN yE-
  (110B) S~S SER-i-GE. lATER/ HE FOULLDED ThE MONASTETY OF zWA-RA D~ON
         AT gRA-RABS. sCENES OF H-iS FORLiLER EX-iSTENCES WERE DRAWN BY
         H-iM ON ThE UPPER PART OF ThE WALLS OF H-iS ROONL. hE WOR-
         Sh-iPPED PROFUSELY AT pHAG MO-GRU/ AND ERECTED ThERE A L~RGE
         BU-iLD-iNG. h-iS D-iSC-i~LE GyAM-BZAN CHOS-~E ATTENDED ON H-i~
         hE WAS BORN AT DmAR-MO OF GtS31-i-ZAL -iN ThE YEAR eARTh-
         fENLALE ox (sA-T1~0-GLAL-i~ i i 69 a. d.) ~S SON OF FAThER SbRAT-i-
         N10 ic~N1 A-i1D N10TLLER ~A~ c~iii 'b~LNL sKy;D/ wL10 WAS A DAK-iLii.
                                                                          p.654
         iN H-iS CL~-iLDL~OOj LiE WAS TAKEN TO bYA-Z-iN/ AND BECALLLE EXPETT
         -iN TLLE OL~ET-iNGS TO ThE jEWEL (DkON-MCHOG/ RATNA). a HOUSE-
         HOLDER ONCE TOLD H-iMH ~LT WOULD BE GOOD/ -iF YOU WERE TO
         BECOME A MONK !" hE TOOK UP ORD-iNAT-iON -iN TLLE PRESENCE OF
         A NAT-iVE OF GtS~L-i KNOVL~N BY TLLE NAME OF SgR-iN-N-iKHAN-PO
         ~ OS-STON/ AND WAS G-iVEN TLLE NAN~E OF ~ OS-SmON-LAM.
         a[TER TLL~T/ L~E LiEARD TL~E EXPOS-iT-iON OF TLNE w-iNAYA ~ND TLLE
         BkA'-GDAMS-PA DOCTR-iNE FROM A TEACHER AT '~BAD-DKAR. a
         MYST-iC TRANCE WAS PRODUCED -iN LL-iNL NATURALLY. tHE TEACLLER
         SA-iD ABOUT L~-iMH ~tiL-iS NOV-iCE POSSESSES A GOOD POWER OF
         MED-iTAT-iON." hE TL~EN TLiOUGHT OF BECOM-iNG AN ORDA-iNED
         MOLLK (DGE-SLON)/ AND RECE-iVED ThE F-iNAL MONAST-iC ORD-iNAT-iON AT
         TLLE MONASTERY OF RgYA-DUR AT ThE AGE OF 18/ KlUBS-DKAR-BA
         ACT-iNG AS UPADHYAYA/ gOL-i-GAD-PA G~AL dAR-MA GZ-i-BR~-iD AS
         ACARYA/ AND ThE ACARYA mE-CwHAR AS sECRET pRECEPROR. fOR F-iVE
         OR S-iX YEARS LiE STAYED W-iTh TLiE UPADHYAYA AND ~ROFOUNDLY
         STUD-iED ThE w-iNAY;L/ AND BEC;LME KNOWN AS ThE w-iNAYADHARA
         O~ BSnUBS. aT TLLE AGE OF 22/ -iN ThE YEAR iRON-mALE-dOG
         (icAGs-~i1o-K6y-i--i 190 a. d.)/ HC SAW (-iN Li-iS MED-iTAT-iON) TLiE
         FUNERAL CEREMONY OF TLLE LATE StEN-PA LO-TSA-BA MORE CLE;LRLY
         ThAN SEEN BY ThOSE WHO HAD ATTENDED ThE CEREMONY. aT TLLE
         AGE OF 29/ WHEN H-iS tEACHER WAS PREACH-iNG FOUR TEXTS AT L~-i-
         ZLA-SGAN/ HE ACTED AS ASS-iSTANT PREACHER AND REC-iTED BY HEART
         ThE i)RAT-iMOKSA-SUTRA ('dUL-BA-I N1DO/ w-iNAYASUTRA BY gU~!A-
         PRABHA/ tG. 'dUL-BA/ nO. ~1 17). hE OFFERED H-iS U~)ADHYAYA
         PRESENTS/ AND AMONG ThEM ThE pHAL-PO-CHE SPON-BRGYAD-M~
         (bUDDHAVATAMSAKA NALLLA MAHAVA-iPULYASUTRA/ kG. pHAL-CLiEN/
         nO 441) AND A GOOD ARMOUR. tHE UPADHY~YA WAS PLEASED/
  (111A) AND SA-iD TO H-i~ yOU W-iLL COLLECT LLUMEROUS DOCTT-iLLES -iLL
         Th-iS L-i~E!" aT ThE AGE OF ~8/ HE BECAME ThE SUCCESSFUL STEWARD
         OF ThE MONAST-iC CCMMUN-iTY OF bYA-Z-iN. iN ThAT YEAR TLLE
         UPADLLYAYA KlUBS-DKAR PASSED AWAY/ AND L~E FELT SAD. 1N
         ORDER TO DR-iVE AWAY H-iS SADNESS/ HE PROCEEDED TOWARDS gRA
         ACCOMPAN-iED BY bOS-R-i-BA. hE HEARD ThAT AT z~A-RA TLiERE
         WAS A l-iV-iNG bUDDHA NANLED SkAL-LDAN yE SES SE;i-GE/ TL~AT
         FL-iES USED TO FORM A CANOPY OVET L~-iM/ AND TL~AT LiE W.iS S;L-iD TO
                                                                          p.655
         HAVE BEEN ThE CH-iEF D-iSC-iRLE OF pHAG-MO-GRU-PA. hE FELT
         eA-iTh BORN -iN H-iM/ AND PROCEEDED TO zWA-RA. aS SOON AS
         HE MET TLLE tEACHER/ ALL UNDERSTAND-iNG OF ThE oNENESS
         OF H-iS AND ThE tEACHER'S M-iNDS WAS PRODUCED -iN H-iM.
         aFTER ThAT HE PROCEEDED TOWARDS GtSAN/ WHERE HE MET ~-iG-
         PO BdUD-RTS-i/ AND RECE-iVED H-iS ShARE OF BARLEY (NAS-'GYER
         BLANS). hE ALSO MET ThE ACARYA pRA-SPAN AND gYAN-RO dAR-
         MGON. aGA-iN HE PROCEEDED TO DBu-RU. hAV-iNG HEARD ThAT
         ThE BLA-MA 7AN WAS OF A QUARRELSOME NATURE/ HE D-iD NOT HAVE
         FA-iTh -iN H-iM/ AND ThEREFORE D-iD NO~ MEET H-iM. bUT LATER HE
         FELT BOUNDLESS FA-iTh -iN (H-iM) AND ACCEPTED H-iLN AS H-iS tEACHER.
         hE OBTA-iNED ThE C-iTTOTPADA CEREMONY FROM bRAG-DKAR-BA AT
         bRAG-DKAR -iN 'p6AN-YUL. hE ALSO OBTA-iNED ThE ~rEFUGE"
         (SKYABS-'GRO) FROM bYA-YUL BSnUBS-SGOM. hAV-iNG GONE TO
         'oN/ HE MET ThE lORD 'bR-i-KHUN-PA/ AND ATTENDED A CLASS
         ON ThE dOCTR-iNE. aT ThE AGE OF 30/ HE GAVE UP ALL WORLDLY
         OCCUPAT-iONS AND PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON AT 'bUM-Z-iN. iN ThE
         FOLLOW-iNG YEAR/ HE PROCEEDED -iNTO ThE PRESENCE OF 7WA-RA-BA/
         WHO ASKED H-iMH ~d-iD YOU OBTA-iN -iN-iT-iAT-iON?"--"i D-iD NOT
         OBTA-iN -iT"--HE REPL-iED. zWA-RA-BA HAV-iNG G-iVEN ThE NECESSARY
         PERM-iSS-iON TO ThE ACARYA DBoN-PO/ ThE LATTER BESTOWED ON H-iM
         ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON R-iTE OF ThE yOG-iN-i (wAJRAVARAH-i/ RnAL-'BYOR-MA-I
         DBAN). tHEN NUMBERLESS FORMS OF TRANCE WERE PRODUCED -iN
         H-iM/ AND zWA-RA-BA DEL-iVERED TO H-iM SEVERAL AUSP-iC-iOUS
         PROPHEC-iES. tHEN HE SETTLED AT rA-MO -iN ThE MtHA'-LUN
         VALLEY WH-iCH HAD BEEN -iND-iCATED BV ThE wENERABLE m-iD-LA TO
         rAS-CHUN PA/ AND ON ThE R-iDGE OF '~HU-GU/ AND OThER PLACES. iN
         ThE NEXT YEAR HE WENT TO zWA-RA-BA WHO BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE
         S~-iN-PO pHYAG-RGYA CHEN-PO/ AND ESPEC-iALLY AN iNTRODUCT-iON
         TO TLLE ~oRAL tRAD-iT-iON" (S~AN-BRGYUD-KY-i NO-SPROD)/ ThE
         UPAYA-MARGA OF ThE ~s-iX dOCTR-iNES" OF nA-RO/ AND SOME OThER
  (111B) TEXTS. tHE tEACHER SA-iD TO H-iM "nOW MY l-iNEAGE W-iLL
         NOT BECOME EXT-iNCT!" AND REJO-iCED. aT 'bUM-Z-iN W-iLD ROSE
         BUShES (SE-BA) BEGAN TO FLOWER -iN W-iNTER AND HE BECAME
         FAMOUS AS ONE WHO WAS RECE-iV-iNG T~OWER OFFER-iNGS FROM ThE
         nAGAS/ wHEN H-iS FAThER FELL -iLL/ AND WAS ABOUT TO D-iE/ ~-iG-
                                                                          p.656
         PO BdUD-RTS-i CAME ThERE AND BLESSED H-iM. wHEN HE WAS
         STAY-iNG AT MtHA'-LUN/ AN -iNCONCE-iVABLE FACULTY OF PERCE-iV-iNG
         ThE EF~EC~S OF CAUSES/ ETC. WAS BORN -iN H-iM. fROM ThE ACARYA
         G~AGS-SGOM HE OBTA-iNED ThE ~s-iX dOCTR-iNES" O~ lO-RO-BA
         (rAS-CHUN-PA) AND ThE tShE-SGRUB (l-iFE PROLONGAT-iON R-iTE).
         tH-iS S~AGS-SGOM HAS BEEN AN ATTENDANT O~ sUTN-PA (rAS-CHUN~.
         aFTER ThAT HE JOURNEYED TOWARDS 'o-DE gUN-RGYAL (NEAR SkY-i-
         RON/ A PLACE H-iGHLY VENERATED BY tSO-i-i-KHA-PAj/ BUT D-iD NOT
         CARE TO STAY ThERE/ AND ThEREFORE RETURNED. hE ThEN OBRA-iNED
         FROM kHAM-BU yA LE -iNSTRUCT-iON -iN ThE G~HOD-ThUN-C-iG-MA
         (NA-iNE OF A G~HOD MANUAL ST-iLL USED BY ThE ADEPTS OF G~OD).
         hE TOOK PART -iN ThE CONSTRUCT-iON OF A BU-iLD-iNG UNDERTAKEN BY
         zWA-RA-BA AT pHAG-M~GRU. zWA RA-BA SA-iDH ~yOU MUST
         BR-iNG T-iMBER FROM lHO-KHA !" wHEN HE FA-iLED -iN DO-iNG SO/
         zWA-RA-BA TOLD H-iMH ~wH-iLE YOU HAVE FA-iLED TO BR-iNG T-iMBER/
         i MANAGED TO BR-iNG SOME." wHEN HE WAS 36/ -iN ThE YEAR
         wOOD-mOUSE (S-iN-BY-i--L204 a. d.)/ kHA-CHE PAN-CHEN CAME
         TO t-iBET. sAMBU UNDERTOOK TO ACT AS H-iS SUPPORTER. aT ThE
         AGE OF 38/ -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-mALE-t-iGER (ME-PHO-STAG--1206
         a. d.)/ HE FOUNDED GyAM-BZANS. iN ThE FOLLOW-iNG f-iRE-
         fE-iNALE-hEN YEAR (ME-M~YOS--1207 a. d.) zWA-RA-BA PASSED
         AWAY/ AND HE LOOKED AFTER ThE LATTER'S STUDENTS. oN ONE
         OCCAS-iON HE REVEALED ThAT HE HAD BEEN sRON-BTSAN SGAM-PO/ AND
         TOLD SOME ThE STORY OF ThE BU-iLD-iNG OF kL-RA-'BRUG/LS AND ThE
         CONCEALMENT OF TREASURES CONS-iST-iNG OF PREC-iOUS OBJECTS AND
         SACRED BOOKS/ ETC. hE USED ALSO TO REPEAT ThE FOLLOW-iNG VERSEH
         ~dUR-iNG ThE PER-iOD OT ThE LAST F-iVE HUNDRED YEARS/ i (sRON-
         BTSAN) ShALL BE REBORN -iN 425 YEARS -iN ThE K-iNGDOM OF GyOR-
         PO OF ThE s~UTh -iN ThE YEAR Oe ThE GOLDEN gREAT bULL (GLAN-
         CHEN GSER-GY-i LO). mY NA-iNE W-iLL BE dHARMAPRAN-iN/ AND i
         ShALL PREACH ThE hOLY dOCTR-iNE/ SAY-iNGH "tHUS SA-iD ThE k-iNG/"'
         aFTER ThE ERECT-iON O~ ThE MONASTERY/ Th-iS REL-iG-iOUS K-iNG WAS
         -iNV-iTED BY ALMS-G-iVERS FROM uPPER AND lOWER G~AL/ MtShO-
         SNA/ lHO-BRAG/ eASTERN AND wESTERN yAR-KLUNS/ TO PRES-iDE
 18. nAME OF A FAMOUS tEMPLE/ BU-iLT BY sRON-BTSAN SGAM-PO.
                                                                          p.657
         OVER REL-iG-iOUS ASSEMBL-iES/ AND ThEY ERECTED MANY PREACHERS'
         SEATS FOR ThE PREACH-iNG OF ThE dOCTR-iNE; 45 SEATS WERE EREC-
         TED -iN lHO-BRAG/ AND 47 AT GL-i~AL. hE SA-iDH ~ tHESE SEATS
  (112A) WERE ENDOWED W-iTh GREATER BLESS-iNG ThAR/ EVEN CA-iTYAS."
         wHEN HE PRES-iDED OVER REL-iG-iOUS ASSEMBL-iES/ HE D-iD NOT COUNT
         ThE ASSEMBL-iES OVER WH-iCH HE PRES-iDED -iN wESTERN AND eASTERN
         yAR-KLUR-iS/ AND OThCR PLACES/ AS WELL AS D-iD NOT L-iST ThE NUMBER
         OF SEATS (ERECTED). oN SEVERAL OCCAS-iONS HE SENT OFFER-iNGS TO
         zWA RA FROM OUT OF ThE OFFER-iNGS RECE-iVED BY H-iM DUR-iNG ThE
         REL-iG-iOUS ASSEMBL-iES. hE ALSO HAD A V-iS-iON OF zWA-RA-BA W-iTh
         A PLEASED COUNTENANCE AND Sh-iN-iNG BODY. oN ONE OCCAS-iON
         HE -iND-iCATED ThE NEED FOR A REL-iG-iOUS ASSEMBLY TO AVERT HA-iL
         -iN ~AMBU-LCAL. 350 WH-iTE AND BLACK TENTS (WERE P-iTCHED) AND
         1500 ORDA-iNED MONKS W-iTh 3l)O SUPERV-iSORS HEADED BY ThE
         UPADHYAYA kHU-BA/ AND L 21 NOMADS FROM GyAM-BZANS
         GAThERED ThERE. hE FORBADE HUNT-iNG -iN ThE ENT-iRE AREA ABOVE
         bYAR-oG-OG AND BELOW SgA-'DRA/ ABOVE dAGS-PO kTONS-KHA
         AND BELOW mON-'GAR MGON-PO GDOR;/ BEYOND gRO-SUL-CHA-KHRO~
         AND ABOVE ThE gAR;S-PAR GSER-CHU/ BEYOND lHO-BRAG GTAM-SUL
         AND AS FAR AS yAR-KLUR;S BYA-SA. hE LABOURED FOR ThE WELFARE
         OF OThERS DUR-iNG A CONS-iDERABLE- T-iME/ AND PASSED AWAY AT ThE
         AGE OF 65 -iN ThE YEAR wATER-fEMALE-~ERPENT (CHU-MO-SBRUL--
         1 ~33 a.d.). aMONG ThE NUMEROUS D-iSC-iPLES TRA-iNED BY H-iM
         WERE ThE FOUR WHO BECAME KNOWN AS ThE '~fOUR SgOMS"H
         G~AL-SMAD-DPAL-R-i-BA sAR;S-RGYAS BYA-SGOM. gOR-GDOR;-PA
         sAR;S-RGYAS iHA-SGOM/ GsER-LTA-BA sANS-RGYAS LE-SGOM/ AND
         DgON-GSAR-BA sAR;S-RGYAS RGYA-S~OM. aFTER ThE DEATh OF ThE
         dHARMASVAM-iN/ FROM ThE YEAR wOOD-mALE-hORSE (S-iN-PHO-
         R~A--1234 a.d.) T-iLL ThE YEAR ~nATER-mALE-t-iGER (~BU-PHO-
         STAG--1242 a.d.) ThE ATTENDANT r-iN-CHEN ~O-SRAS ACTED AS
         ABBOT FOR N-iNE YEARS/ AND ThEN PASSED AWAY. aFTER H-iM/
         ThE ASCET-iC (RTOGS-LDAN) RgGYAL-PO DgE-MDZES-'OD ACTED AS
         ABBO~ FOR 38 YEARS/ FROM ThE YEAR w.LTER-fEMALE-~LARE (CHU-
         MO-YOS--1243 a.d.) TLLL ThE YEAR iRON-dRAGON (LCAGS-'BRUG--
         L 280 a.d.). hE FOUNDED A LARGE V-iHARA. aFTER H-iM
         MkHAR-CHU BA ~HOS-BSAM-'OD ACTED AS ABBO~/ FROM ThE YEAR
                                                                          p.658
         KON-sERPENT (iCAGS-SBRUL--R28L a.d.) T-iLL ThE YEAR eARTh-
         dOG (SA-KHY-i--1298 a.d.)/ FOR 18 YEARS. hE WAS DESCR-iBED
         AS AN -iNCARNAT-iON OF A D-iSC-iPLE OF ThE MAHA-S-iDDHA u-RGYAN-PA
         BY wAJRAYOG-iNL (wAJRAVARAHL) HERSEL~. aFTER H-iM/ ~ROM ThE
         YEAR eARTh-fEMALE-hOG (SA-MO-PHAG--1299 a.d) T-iLL ThE
  (112B) YEAR wATER-dOG (CHU-KHY-i--L 322 a.d.)/ zWA-RA-BA BdE-
         LEGS-'OD ACTED AS ABBOT FOR 24 YEARS. hE ALSO ACTED AS ABBOT
         OF tHAR-PA GL-iN -iN G~AL-TShAN-GSUM. aF.ER ThAT BkRA-S-iS-'OD/
         WHO BELONGED TO ThE l-iNEAGE/ ACTED AS ABBOT FOR 2x YEARS/
         FROM ThE YEAR wATER-fEMALE-hOG (CHU-MO-PHAG--~3~3 a.d.)
         ~-iLL ThE YEAR iTON-mALE-t-iGER (iCAGS-PHO-STAG--1350 a.d.).
         tHE LATTER HAS BEEN ALSO A D-iSC-iPLE O~ ThE LO-TSA-BA gRAGS-PA
         RGYAL-MTShAN. hE ENTRUSTED ThE ABBOT'S CHA-iR TO lHA-GRAGS
         PA-'OD-PA/ AND H-iMSELF ABANDONED ALL WORLDLY ACT-iV-iTY. lHA-
         GRAGS-PA WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR wOOD-fEMALE-hOG (S-iN-MO-
         PHAG--i335 a.d). aT ThE AGE OF ~7/ HE BECAME ABBOT/
         AND ACTED AS ABBOT FOR 54 YEARS ~ROM ThE YEAR iRON-fEMALE-
         .hARE (iCAGS-MO-YOS--L35i a.d.) T-iLL ThE YEAR wOOD-mALE-
         aPE (S-iN-PHO-SPRE'U--R404 a.d.). hE D-iED AT ThE AGE OF
         70. s-iNCE ThAT T-iME ThE ABBOT'S CHA-iR WAS OCCUP-iED BY ~ThE
         FAM-iLY O~ lHA." hE ALSO ACTED AS PERSONAL ATTENDANT O{ ThE
         dHARMASVAM-iN BlA-MA dAM-PA. hE ATTENDED ON bU-STON
         r-iN-PO-CHE AND OThETS/ AND HEARD MANY DOCTT-iNES. tHE
         dHATMASVAM-iN lHA-KHAN STENS-PA BECAME H-iS D-iSC-iPLE/ AND
         HEARD MANY DOCTR-iNES FROM H-iM. aFTER H-iM lHA HsOD-NAMS
         'OD-ZER-BA ACTED AS ABBOT FOR 22 YEARS/ FROM ThE YEAR wOOD
         fCMALE hCN (SLR;-MO-BYA--1405 a.d.) T-iLL ThE YEAR f-iTE-
         mALE-hORSE (ME-PHO-RTA--1 426 a.d.). aF~ER H-iM SpYAN-
         SNA BsOD-NAMS 'OD-MDZES-PA ~OR 26 YEARS/ FROM ThE YEAR
         f-iRE-sHEEP (ME-LUG--14~7 a.d.) TO ThE wATER-aPE YEAR (CHU-
         SPRE--1452 a.d.). ~FTER ThAT -iN ThE YEAR OF ThE hEN
         (BYA-LO--R453 a.d.) ThERE WAS NO ABBOT. a~TER ThAT -iN ThE
         YEAT wOOD-mALE-dOG (S-iN-PHO-KHY-i--1454 a.d.)/ SpYAN-SNA
         RdOR-RGYAL-BA WAS APPO-iNTED TO ThE CHA-iR/ AND OCCUP-iED ThE
         CHA-iR FOR 20 YEARS/ T-iLL ThE YEAR wATER-sERPENT(CHU-SBRUL--
         R473a.d.). tHEN T-iLL ThE RRESENT f-iRE-mALE-aPE YEAR (ME-PHO-
                                                                          p.659
         SPRE--1476 a.d.) ThREE YEARS PASSED. iN GENERAL/ S-iNCE ThE
         dHARMASVAM-iN OF GyAM-BZAN'S B-iRTh -iN ThE YEAR eARTh-
         fEMALE oX (SA-MO-GLAN--i 169 a.d.) T-iLL ThE PRESENT f-iRE-
         mALE-aPE YEAR (ME-PHO-SPRE--1476 a.d)/ 308 YEARS HAVE
         PASSED. dUR-iNG ThE T-iME OF lHA BsOD-NAMS 'OD-ZER-BA/ ThE
         BLA-MA sA-SKYA PA r-iN-CHEN DPAL SUPERV-iSED AND ADM-iN-iSTERED
         ThE MONASTERY (GyANL-BZANS). GtSAN-PA -i~AM-MKHA' BYAN-
         CHUB LECTURED (ON ThE dOCTR-iNE)/ AND T-iLL ThE PRESENT DAY ThE
         PREACH-iNG HAD NOT BEEN -iNTE~RUPTED. tHE cHAPTER ON GyAM-
         BZAN-PA.
            tHE wENERABLE Gl-iN/ A D-iSC-iPLE OF DpAL pHAG-MO-GTU-
         PAH AT GlAN-PO-SNA OF G;~ENS -iN uPPER mYAN/ ~tHE sOURCE
  (113A) OF kNOWLEDGE"/ ThERE WERE TVO CLANS_uPPER AND lOWER
         Gl-iN. hE BELONGED TO ThE lOWER ~l-iN. h-iS FAThER/ NAMED
         RgYAL-PO SkYAB-PO WAS LEARNED -iN tANTR-iC PROP-iT-iAT-iONS/ AND
         GA-iNED H-iS L-iVEL-iHOOD BY PRACT-iS-iNG MED-iC-iNE AND ASTROLOGY.
         h-iS MOThER WAS GzUS-MO dA~-CHUN. hE WAS BORN -iN ThC
         YEAR eARThmALE-aPE (SA-PHO-SPRE'U--1128 a.d.) AND WAS
         NAMED pAD-MA RDO-T~E. iN H-iS CH-iLDHOOD HE MASTERED READ-iNG
         AND WR-iT-iNG. aT ThE AGE OF 8/ HE PRESENTED A F-iELD TO lHA-
         R~E rA-SMAN/ AND STUD-iED MED-iC-iNE W-iTh H-iM. hE BECAME
         EXPERT -iN MED-iC-iNE. aT ThE AGE OF 13/ H-iS FAThER D-iED. aT
         ThE AGE OF 17/ HE TOOK UP ThE NOV-iC-iATE -iN ThE PRESENCE OF
         Thc ACARYA Gl-iN. hE HEARD NUMEROUS PRECEPTS/ SUCH AS ThE
         ~SgRON-MA RNAM-DRUG" BY ThE ACARYA DpAL-DBYANS/ AND
         OThERS. aFTER AN OF~-iC-iAL (R~E-DPON) HAD BECOME -iMPOVER-iShED/
         FOLLOW-iNG A D-iSAGREEMENT W-iTh H-iM/ HE BECAME KNOWN AS A
         GREAT MAG-iC-iAN. tHEN HE TOOK UP ORD-iNAT-iON -iN ThE PRESENCC
         OF ThE KALYAN. A-M-iTRA 'oM-ThAN-PA. hE PRACT-iSED PENANCE
         (ACCORD-iNG TO ThE SYSTEM) OF ~O-STAN. hE ALSO OBTA-iNED ThE
         SYSTEM OF ThE lADY (~O-MO/ -i.E. wAJRAVARAHL) FROM A NAT-iVE
         O~ DBuS NAMED ~N/ A D-iSC-iPLE OF BOTh rWA (LO-TSA--i)A) AND
         DpYAL. aT sREG-PA-LUN OF BSnUBS HE HEARD FROM ThE rWA
         LO-TSA-BA ThE kALACAKTA/ ThE yAMANTAKA/ ThE sAMVARA/ AND
         ThE wAJRAVARAHL cYCLES. hE ThEN PROCEEDED ON A BEGG-iNG
         ROUND. hE BROKE H-iS VOWS/ HAV-iNG BEEN SEDUCED BY A
                                                                          p.660
         WOMAN CALLED SmAN-MO. hE USED TO SAY ThAT Th-iS WAS DUE TO
         ThE FACT ThAT DUR-iNG ThE PER-iOD OF ThE dOC~R-iNE OF ThE bUDDHA
         kRAKUCCHANDA (lOG-PA DAN-SEL)/ WHEN TWO bODH-iSATTVA MONKS
         WERE PREACH-iNG ThE dOCTR-iNE TO AN ASSEMBLY OF WOMEN/ A
         GROUP OF S-iXTY MONKS SPOKE EV-iL OF ThESE TWO bODH-iSATT~AS.
         bECAUSE OF Th-iS MEN LOST FA-iTh -iN ThESE TWO/ AND BECAUSE OF Th-iS
         EV-iL DEED/ ThE S-iXTY MONKS WERE ThROWN -iNTO hELL/ AND HAD TO
         REMA-iN ThERE FOR A LONG T-iME. tHEN WHEN ~AKYAMUN-i CAME
         -iNTO ThE wORLD/ ThE S-iXTY MONKS HA~DNG OBTA-iNED A HUMAN
         FORM/ APPEARED BEFORE ThE tEACHER/ AND ThE bLESSED oNE ThERE-
         UPON EXPLA-iNED TO ThEM ThE NATURE OF ThE-iR DEEDS/ AND ThE
         S-iXTY CONFESSED (ThE-iR S-iNS). tHE bLESSED oNE ThEN UTTERED
         A PROPHECY ThAT DUE TO ThE RES-iDUE OF ThE-iR FORMER KARM-iC
         DEEDS/ ThE S-iXTY (MONKS) WOULD BE REBORN -iN ThE FAM-iL-iES
  (113B) OF DEST-iN-iTE PEOPLE -iN POVERTY-STT-iCKEN COUNTR-iES. aFTER READ-
         -iNG ThE rATNAKUTA-SUTRA ThE wENERABLE Gl-iN UNDERSTOOD H-iMSELF
         TO HAVE BEEN ThE bODH-iSATTVA wLRYAPRABHA (BRtSON-'GRUS 'OD)/
         ONE OF ThE S-iXTY MONKS. dUE TO A KARM-iC S-iN/ HE HAD A
         KARM-iC L-iNK W-iTh SmAN-MO. aS H-iS ORD-iNAT-iON VOWS WERE
         BROKEN/ SmAN-MO SA-iD TO H-iMH ~mY PARENTS ARE WEALThY AND
         ThEY HAVE NO SON. iF WE ASK ThEM/ ThEY ShALL G-iVE US MONEY.
         kHYUN TShAN BA POSSESSES A PRECEPT WH-iCH CAN REMOVE ThE
         CFLECTS OF ~HE M-iSDEED DONE BY US. wE ShALL ASK H-iM FOR -iT.
         i HEARD H-iM SAY-iNG ThAT H-iS DOCTR-iNE WAS A ~GOLDEN DOCTR-iNE'
         (GSER-CHOS/ MEAN-iNG ThAT ONE HAD TO PAY -iN GOLD ~OR AN -iN-iT-iA-
         R-iON). wE COULD TAKE SOME GOLD FROM MY PARENTS." tHEY
         V-iS-iTED kHYUN-TShAN-BA/ AND HEARD FROM H-iM ThE PRECEPTS OF
         rAS-CHUL;-PA. aFTER Th-iS ~HEY BOTh/ HUSBAND AND W-iFE/ PUT
         ON COTTON GARMENTS. kHYUN-TShAN-BA HAV-iNG STATED ON MANY
         OCCAS-iONS ThAT HE HAD MET rAS-CHUN-PA -iN PERSON/ A SL-iGHT
         DOUBT WAS BORN -iN ThEM. lATER/ HE (Gl-iN-RAS) USED TO SAY
         ThAT 'ThOUGH HE HAD OBTA-iNED A LOFTY UNDERSTALLD-iNG/ H-iS
         ~iNNER hEAT' (DROD) ~REW LESS." aFTER Th-iS/ BOTh HUSBAND
         AND W-i~E WORE ThE WH-iTE COTTON GARMENTS. kHYUN-TCHAN-BA
         SA-iDH ~yOU ShOULD GO TO ThE MONASTERY OF rAS-CHUN-PA."
         hAV-iNG TAKEN W-iTh ThEM SOME VALUABLES/ ThEY PROCEEDED TO
                                                                          p.661
         lO-RO. hE (Gl-iR;-RAS) WAS 35 WHEN ThEY REACHED lO-RO -iN
         ThE YEAR wATER-mALE-L~ORSE (CHU-PHO-RTA--116z a. d.).
         tHEY D-iD NOT MEET rAS-CHUN-PA/ WHO HAD PASSED AWAY -iN ThE
         PREV-iOUS iRON-fEMALE-sERPENT (iCAGS-MO-SBRUL--i 16 i a. d.)
         YEAR. aFTER Th-iS/ HE MET sUM-PA/ A D-iSC-iPLE OF rAS-CHUN-PA.
         oNE EVEN-iNG/ WHEN ThE LATTER WAS ENTER-iNG H-iS RET-iREMENT/ HE
         ASKED H-iMH ~'wE CAME FROM AFAR TO ASK YOU FOR (-iNSTRUCT-iON)
         -iN ThE dOCTR-iNE. pLEASE HELP US!" (sUM-PA) SA-iD ~ OU
         ShOULD GET PRECEPTS! gO TO ThE ACARY~ i~O/ OBTA-iN -iN-iT-iAT-iON/
         AND ThEN COME (HERE)." tHEY WENT TO lO~ AND OF~ERED TEA
         HiND SU-iTABLE PRESENTS TO ALL ThE -iNMATES/ HEADED BY lO.
         tHEN ThEY OBTA-iNED -iN-iT-iAT-iON. aFTER WH-iCH Gl-iN-RAS
         OBTA-iNED PRECEPTS FROM sUM-PA. hE USED TO SAYH ~L USED
         TO OF~ER TEA EACH T-iME i L-iSTENED TO ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE
         dOCTR-iNE. tHEREFORE LATER/ i D-iD NOT EXPER-iENCE ANY WANT -iN
         TEA." sUM-PA BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE COMPLETE PRECEPTS.
  (114A) eACH WORD (OF ThEM) MADE H-iM UNDERSTAND MANY OThER SUB~
         JECTS/ AND ThE BENEF-iT WAS GREAT. aFTER HE HAD OBTA-iNED AL~
         ThE PRECEPTS/ A ThOUGHT CAME TO H-iM ThAT '~NOW ThERE WAS
         NO ONE GREATER (ThAN ME) -iN ThE POSSESS-iON O~ PRECEPTS -iN ThE
         WHOLE OF jAMBUDVLPA.'' oNE N-iGHT AFTER HE HAD BEGUN ThE
         SlUDY OF PRECEPTS W-iTh sUM-PA/ HE SAW -iN A DREAM A WH-iTE
         MAN WHO TOLD H-iMH ~fROM Th-iS YEAR ONWARDS/ AFTER F-iVE
         YEARS/ YOU W-iLL ACH-iEVE SUCCESS!" hE ALSO OBTA-iNED SOME
         PRECEPTS FROM ThE OThER CH-iE~ D-iSC-iPLES/ SUCH AS bUR-SGOM AND
         bYAR-PO-BA. wHEN Gl-iN-RAS REACHED ThE AGE OF 38 -iN ThE
         YEAR wOOD-fEMALE-hEN (S-iN-MO-BYA--i 165 a. d.)/ dAM-PA
         sUM-PA SA-iD TO H-iMH ~nOW GO! oUT COUNTRY OF G~AL -iS A
         (POOR) PLACE/ WHERE EVEN OGRES D-iE ~ROM HUNGER!" iN ThE SAME
         YEAR HE WENT TO pHAG-MO-GRU/ AND MET H-iM WHEN ThE LATTER
         WAS MOUNT-iNG ThE PREACHER'S SEAT ON ThE i8Th DAY A~TER ThE
         W-iNTER SOLST-iCE/ AND AN -iMMEASURABLE FA-iTh WAS BORN -iN H-iM.
         a ThOUGHT CAME TO H-iM ThAT ALL TREE~ AND B-iRDS WERE PROBABLY
         M~N-iFESTAT-iONS (.OF ThE tEACHER). tH-iS lORD 'gRO-BA-I MGON-
         PO ~S A RULE D-iSL-iKED MARR-iED YOG-iNS/ BUT HE WAS GREATLY
         PLEASED W-iTh Gl-iN-RAS/ AND BESTOWED ON H-iM -iNSTRUCT-iONS.
                                                                          p.662
         Gl-iN-RAS DWELT -iN SECLUS-iON HAV-iNG G-iVEN A VOW/ AND PRACT-iSED
         MED-iTAT-iON. aFTER ThREE DAYS A MATCHLESS UNDERSTAND-iNG WAS
         PRODUCED -iN H-iM. iNSP-iTE OF H-iS RESOLVE TO SPEND SEVEN YEARS
         SEVEN MONThS AND SEVEN DAYS -iN SECLUS-iON/ HE BROKE H-iS
         RET-iREMENT AND PTOCEEDED -iNTO ThE PRESENCE OF 'gRO-MGON/
         AND SANG BEFORE H-i-iN ThE FOLLOW-iNG SONGH ~yOU lORD/
         HAD TOLD ME TO MED-iTATE ON ThE MEAN-iNG OF ThE iNNATE
         (GNUG MA-I DON). i HAVE MED-iTATED/ BUT NOW i HAVE
         LOST ThE OBJECT AND SUBJECT OF MED-iTAT-iON (BSGOM-BYA--
         OBJECT OF MED-iTAT-iON/ SGOM-BYED--SUBJECT OF MED-iTAT-iON/ ThE
         m-iND). i WAS UNABLE TO OBSERVE -iNTERVALS -iN MY MED-iTAT-iON
         (ThUN-MTShAMS)." 'gRO-BA-I MGON-PO wDs VERY PLEASED (Gl-iR;-
         PA OR Gl-iN-RAS-PA WAS CALLED sARAHA OF t-iBET). hE SPENT
         ThREE S~LMMER MONThS OF ~HE YEAR f-iRE-mALE-dOG (ME-PHO-
         KHY-i--~166 a. d.) AT pHAG-MO-GRU. aFTER ThAT HE STAYED
         W-iTh Li-iS W-iFE AT 'oN-RM-i-SD-iR;S. wHEN HE AGA-iN CAME -iNTO
         ThE PRESENCE OF 'gRO-MGON/ ThE LATTER ORDERED H-iMH ~nOW LET
         Th-iS W-iFE GO!" hE REPL-iEDH ~eVEN BEFORE Th-iS/ ON SE~ERAL
  (114B) OCCAS-iONS i TR-iED TO SEND HER AWAY/ BUT ShE WON'T GO!"--~tH-iS
         T-iME ShE W-iLL GO/ SO SEND HER AWAY! i ShALL PERFORM A R-iTE!"
         SA-iD 'gRO-MGON. Gl-iN-PA CONVEYED SmAN-MO TO yAR-KHUGS
         OF ThE nORThERN uPLAND/ SAY-iNGH ~ 1 D-iDN'T SQUANDER MUCH
         ThE PROPERTY OF YOUR PARENTS. nOW GO TO YOUR NAT-iVE PLACE/
         AND ENJOY ThE WEALTh (OF YOUR) PARENTS"/ AND SAY-iNG SO/ HE LET
         HER GO. hE RETURNED (TO ThE MONASTERY). oN ANOThER OCCAS-iON
         HE AGA-iN TOOK AS H-iS MUDRA A WOMAN FROM zAR;S-T-i. ~tHAT
         WAS -iMPROPER"/ ThOUGLLT HE/ AND ThEN TOLD ThE WOMANaH ~dON'T
         FOLLOW ME!" BUT ShE FOLLOWED H-iM/ AND SO HE FLED TO kHAMS.
         tRAVELL-iNG V-iA SgAM-PO/ HE MET ThE ACARYA SgOM-PA. fROM
         mYAR-i-PO HE PROCEEDED TO nAGS-SOD. hE WAS PRESENTED W-iTh
         MANY OFFER-iNGS/ BUT D-iD NOT ACCEPT ThEM/ SAY-iNGH ~L AM NOT
         A SELLER OF ThE Th-iGH-BONE (ThE TEXT HAS BLA-M-i-TShOR;/ BUT -iT
         ShOULD READ BRLA M-i-TShON/ MEAN-iN~ ThAT ONE WAS NOT TO
         ~-iSPOSE OF ThE Th-iGH-BONE OF ONE'S FAThER AFTER H-iS DEATh.
         aCCORD-iNG TO AN ANC-iENT bON-PO BEL-iEF ThE Th-iGH-BONE WAS
         CONS-iDERCD TO BE SEAT OF ThE V-iTAL PR-iNC-iPLE OR BLA) OF A BkA'-
                                                                          p.663
         BRGYUD PA"(MEAN-iNG ThAT HE COULD NOT DAMAGE ThE GOOD
         REPUTAT-iON OF ThE BkA'-BRGYUD-PAS). lATER/ ThE MUDRA FROM
         zANS-R-i CAME TO kHAMS -iN SEARCH OF ThE wENERABLE oNE/ BUT
         D-iED ON ThE WAY. iN ThE V-iC-iN-iTY OF zLA-DGON ThERE WAS A
         FOREST WH-iCH (WHEN SEEN ~RO~N AFAR) HAD TBE FORM OF A WOMAN/
         AND ShE BECAME ThE FA-iRY O~ Th-iS FOREST. wA-STON SA-iDH
         ~tHOUGH YOU HAVE NO DES-iRE FOR WEALTh/ R-iDE Th-iS HORSE AND
         BO-iL Th-iS TEA!" AND OT~ERED RHEM TO H-iM. tHE wENERABLE
         oNE OF~ERED ThE HORSE TO pHAG-MO-GRU-PA WHO SA-iDH '~i DON'T
         NEED ThE HORSE! pRESENT -iT TO RgYAL-BA lO!" hAV-iNG GONE TO
         lO-TO/ HE O~ERED ThE HORSE TO lO/ AND A TURQUO-iSE TO sUM-PA.
         hE ALSO MADE SOME OFFER-iNGS TO OThER TEACHERS AND SPENT SOME
         T-iME AT mOG-SA. wHEN HE RETURNED TO pHAG-MO-GRU/ HE
         FOUND ThAT 'gRO-MGON HAD PASSED AWAY/ AND ~HAT H-iS REMA-iNS
         HAD BEEN CREMATED. bEFORE AN ASSEMBLY OF ABOUT A ThOUSAND
         MEN/ WHO HAD GAThERED FOR ThE TEA CEREMONY/ HE SANG A SONG
         BEG-iNN-iNG W-iTh ThE WORDSH ~LN ThE GROVE OF sRL pHAG-MO-
         GRU S-iM-iLAR TO ThAT OF ThE TOWN O~ kUSLNAGARA." aFTER ThAT
         HE V-iS-iTED NTLMEROUS LOCAL-iT-iES -iN DBuS AND GtSAN. hAV-iNG
         BEEN -iNV-iTED TO 'pHRAN-PO BY ThE LOCAL K-iNG (BTSAD-PO)/ HE
         SPENT SOME T-iME ThERE. tHEN BLA-MA ~HAN TOLD H-iNLH ~hELP
         -iN ThE FEUD!" AND HE STOPPED ThE TTOOPS Oe ~HHU-GLE'U CHUN-
         BA NEAR ThE pALACE. h-iS ~ORTUNE HAV-iNG -iNCREASED/ HE AMASSED
         H-i LARGE PROPERTY AND SPENT H-iS MONEY TOWARDS HALF OF ThE
  (115A) COST OF ERECT-iNG OF A LARGE -iMAGE/ BU-iLT BY BLA-MA ~AN. aLL
         BOOKS RECE-iVED BY H-iM WERE SENT TO pHAG-MO-GRU. oN H-iS
         WAY TO pHAG-MO-GRU AT BsAM-YAS HE HAD A V-iS-iON O~ A BLUE
         WOMAN WHO PLACED -iNS-iDE H-iS MOUTh A VOLUME. tHEN HE
         UNDERSTOODThE MEAN-iNG OF ALL.ThE . BOOKS SEEN BY H-iM/ AND
         HAV-iNG OBTA-iNED ThE DAK-iN-i'S PERM-iSS-iON/ HE WROTE SEVERAL
         EXPOS-iT-iONS O~ ThE tANTRA. sOME PEOPLE R-iD-iCULED ThEM/
         SAY-iNG ThAT HE HAD WR-iTTEN ThEM OF H-iS OWN DES-iGN (RAN-BZOR
         BYED-PA). iN GENERAL/ HE COMPOSEDH ~aN ANALYS-iS OF ThE
         tANTRA" (RgYUD-KY-i RNAM-BZAG)/ ThE SgRON-ME RNAM-DRUG/ ThE
         sEMS-KY-i RDO-R~E-I BSTOD-PA/ ThE RnAL 'BYOR '~U~-PA/ ~HE BdE-
         N~CHOG-G-i DKY-iL-'KHOR-GY-i CHO-GA/ AND OThER TEXTS. tHE
                                                                          p.664
         BlA-MA SgRUB-PA-I PHYAG-BZES ~tHE METhOD OF PROP-iT-iAT-
         -iNG ONE'S OWN tEACHER") WAS ALSO -iNTRODUCED BY ThE
         wENERABLE Gl-iN. hE LABOURED FOR ThE WELFARE OF L-iV-iNG
         BE-iNGS -iN ALL QUARTERS. hE ~-iS-iTED SkYO-RO-RO. lATER/ HE
         TOOK OVER ThE MONASTERY OF SnA-PHUR-DGON/ AND LOOKED
         AFTER ThE -iNTEREST OF OThERS. wH-iLE HE WAS PREACH-iNG ThE
         ~GU-iDES'/ LECTUR-iNG ON ThE dOCTR-iNE/ AND PREACH-iNG ON ThE
         F-iVE SAMAYAS OR tANTR-iC VOWS (DAM-TSh-iG iNA-BA)/ TWO MEN
         WHO HAD BROKEN ThE-iR tANTR-iC VOWS/ CAME TO H-iM/ AND Th-iS
         CAUSED H-iS TEETh TO CONTRACT/ AND HE PASSED AWAY ON ThE 28Th
         DAY OF ThE F-iRST SUMMER MONTh -iN ThE YEAR eARTh-mALE-aPE
         (SA-PHO-SPRE'U--1180 a.d.)/ AGED 61 (ThE BREAK-iNG OF A
         tANTR-iC VOW -iS CONS-iDETED TO BE AN UNFORG-iVABLE S-iN). h-iS
         lAST w-iLL WAS D-iSCOVERED -iN A BOOK (WH-iCH SA-iD)H "mY BODY/
         SPEECH AND M-iND DO NOT D-iF~ER FROM ThE bODY/ sPEECH AND
         m-iND OF ALL ThE tAThAGATAS. tHEY W-iLL ENTER -iNTO ThE BOD-iES/
         SPEECHES AND M-iNDS OF ALL L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS. wHOEVER W-iLL PRAY
         TO ME W-iTh DEVOT-iON/ W-iLL REAL-iZE ALL H-iS W-iShES." aCCORD-iNG
         TO SOME ACCOUNTS/ Th-iS wENERABLE oNE HAD STUD-iED ThE dOHA
         UNDER SpAR-PHU-BA/ BUT ThE COMMENTARY ON ThE dOHA COMPO-
         SED BY H-iM/ D-iFFERS SL-iGHTLY FROLLi ThAT OF SpAR-PHU-BA -iN ThE
         TREATMENT OF ThE SUBJECT.
            h-iS D-iSC-iPLE ThE dHARMASVAM-iN GtSAN-PA yE-SES RDO-R~E
         (GtSAN-PA RgYA-RAS ThE FOUNDER OF 'bRUG)H H-iS NAT-iVE PLACE
         WAS A D-iSTR-iCT OF kHU-LE -iN uPPER mYAN AT ThE FOOT OF hA-'O
         GANS. hE WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAT iRON-fEMALE-sETPENT (iCAGS-
         MO-SBRUL--i 161 a.d.)/ AS ThE YOUNGEST SON OF ThE SEVEN
         SONS OF FAThER RgYA-ZUR-PO tShA-BA AND MOThER mAN-G~A'
         dAR-SKY-iD. bECAUSE OF ThE-iR MANY SONS/ H-iS FAThER D-iD NOT
  (115B) CARE FOR H-iM/ AND H-iS MOThERENTRUSTED H-iM TO A bON-PO/ WHO
         GAVE H-iM ThE NAME OF GyUN-DRUN-DPAL. aT ThE AGE OF 8/
         H-iS MOThER D-iED. aT ThE AGE OF i2/ H-iS ELDER BROThER SkAL-
         LDAN TOOK H-iM TO GtSAN-RON/ AND HE LEARNT ThE ALPHABET W-iTh
         SlO~GR-iER (Th-iS MEANS ThAT H-iS ~-iNNER HEAT"(GTUM-MO OR
         DROD(HAS BEEN DEVELOPED) MkHAR-BA. aT ThE AGE OF 13/ HE
         SPENT ThREE YEARS AT ThE RES-iDENCE OF ThE ACARYA RtA ThAN-PA/
                                                                          p.665
         AND OBTA-iNED (FROM H-iM) ThE EXPOS-iT-iON O~ ThE aBH-iDHARMA
         (M~ON-PA~/ ThE yOGA (tAN~RA)~ ThE ~-i-BYED SYSTEM/ AND OThER
         TEXTS. aT ThE AGE OF i5/ HE CAME TO ThE RES-iDENCE OF
         ThE ACATYA MkHAR LUN-PA AND ATTENDED ON H-iM FOR 8 YEARS/
         AND HEARD FRAM H-iM ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE DOCTR-iNE OF
         ThE~'gREAT aCH-iEVEMENT" (RdZOGS-CHEN)/ lOG-iC (tShAD-MA)/
         ETC. hE SU~ERED FORMERLY FROM AN -iLLNESS WH-iCH WAS CURED
         W-iThOUT H-iS GO-iNG -iNTO SECLUS-iON/ fRONL ThE ACARYA 'kHOR-RE-
         BA HE OBTA-iNED ThE RdZOGS-CHEN R-iGS-RDZOGS (NAME OF A BOOK).
         fROM ThE ACARYA BtSAN-TShA HE HEARD ThE mAYA cYCLE (SgYU-
         'PHRUL) AND ThE tHUGS-RyE CHEN PO GTET-MA (ThE h-iDDEN
         dOCTR-iNE OF ThE gREAT mERC-iFUL oNE). fROM sO dAR-MA
         SEN-GE HE HEARD ThE bODH-iSATTVACARYAVATARA (SpYOD-'~UG). fROM
         lHA-R~E kUN-RGYAL OF kHU-LUN HE HEARD ThE (mANJUSRL)-NAMA-
         SANG~T-i. fROM ThE ACARYA 'dUL-'DZ-iN (w-iNAYADHARA) HE HEARD
         ThE tHUGS-R~E CHEN-PO ACCORD-iNG TO ThE METhOD OF aT-iSA (tHE
         PROP-iT-iAT-iON OF ThE gREAT mERC-iFLji oNE (aVALOK-iTESVARA)). aT
         ThE AGE OF 22/ H-iS FAThER -iNV-iTED ThE ACARYA MkHAR-LUN-PA.
         tHEN ThE dHARMASVAM-iN H-iMSEL~ V./AS -iNSTALLED AS A SCHOLAR/
         AND TAUGHT ThE dOCTR-iNE. hE TOOK UP H-iS RES-iDENCE AT ThE
         HERM-iTAGE OF lA-MDA-'BAR-BZAN. aFTER Th-iS/ HE MET ThC
         wENERABLE Gl-iN WHEN ThE LATTER WAS RES-iD-iN~ AT rA-LUN/
         PRESENTED H-iNL A FULL MEASURE OF SALT AND HELD A LONG CONVERSA-
         T-iON W-iTh H-iM. hE USED TO SAYH ~'mY KARM-iC L-iNK (LAS-
         'BREL) W-iTh H-iM SEEMS TO HAVE BEEN AWAKENED AT ThAT T-iME."
         aFTER ThAT HE PROCEEDED TOWARDS SnA-PHU/ AND OBTA-iNED
         PRECEPTS. aFTER ThE LAPSE OF SEVEN DAYS/ HE WAS ABLE TO WEAR
         ThE S-iNGLE COTTON GARMENT (OF A BkA'-BRGYUD-PA ASCET-iC).
         tHEN FOR A LONG T-iME HE FELL -iLL W-iTh SMALL-PO~ ('BRUM-PA).
         oN H-iS RECOVERY/ HE OFFERED H-iS tEACHER A MARE (CALLED) ~tHE
         qUEEN OF bEASTS" (bYOL-SON-G-i RGYAL-MO). hE ALSO O~ERED H-iM
         SOME TEA A-i-iD BROWN SUGAR. h-iS tEACHER WAS ThEN ENGAGED
         -iN ThE BU-iLD-iNG OF A CHAPEL. mONKS WHO (-iN ORDER TO ESCAP E
         FROM ThE BU-iLD-iNG WORK) -iNTENDED GO-iNG TO VAR-iOUS PLACES OR
         ENTER SECLUS-iON/ WERE F-iNED ONE GOLDEN ZO EACH. hE ALSO PRESEN-
         TED ONE GOLDEN ZO TO H-iS tEACHER (AS A F-iNE) AND ASKED LEAVE TO
                                                                          p.666
         RE~-iRE TO COPY (BOOKS). tHE tEACHER SA-iD ~gO TO GlE'U-
  (116A) CHUN AND PRACT-iSE -iT!" hE ThOUGHT ThAT ShOULD ThE tEACHER BE
         D-iSPLEASED/ -iT WOULD HARM PRECEPTS. ~o ME!" ThOUGHT HE AND
         CR-iED. hE ThEN PLACED A PLATE FULL OF BROWN SUGAR -iN FRONT OF
         ThE tEACHER AND SA-iDH ~L HAVE COL~M-iTTED A FAULT!" AND CON-
         FESSED. tHE tEACHER SA-iDH '~a! oNLY O-iLE WHO UNDERSTANDS
         ThE dOC~R-iNE/ ACTS L-iKE Th-iS!" AND WAS PLEASED. tHEN FOR
         F-iVE MONThS HE WORKED (ON ThE BU-iLD-iNG OF TLLE CHAPEL)/ AND
         A REMARKABLE M-iND CONCENTRAT-iON WAS BORN -iN H-iM. aFTER
         ThE CHAPEL HAD BEEN COMPLETED/ HE F-iN-iShED (ThE COPY-iNG) OF
         ONE LEAF -iN FOUR DAYS (AND ThUS CON~PLETED ThE COPY-iNG OF ThE
         BOOK)/ AND SECURED ThE ENT-iRE PRECEPTS. hE HELD A REL-iG-iOUS
         D-iSCUSS-iON W-iTh ONE NAMED dAR-RDOR/ AND ThE LATTER WAS UNABLE
         TO DEFEAT H-iM. hE ThUS OBTA-iNED ThE FAME OF A W-iSE MAN.
         tHE tEACHER SA-iD TO H-iMH ~aSK ME A REL-iG-iOUS QUEST-iON!"
         hE REPL-iED ~tH-iS COULDN'T BE DONE! hOW COULD i EXPOSE
         ThE CONTRAD-iCT-iON EX-iST-iNG -iN ThE tEACHER'S m-iND ? iT WON'T
         DO!" tHE tEACHER ThEN SA-iD TO H-iM ~d-iD 1 NOT G-iVE YOU
         PERM-iSS-iON (TO DO SO)?" hE ThEN SA-iD TO ThE tEACHERH
         '~tHEN TELL ME ~HE CHARACTER-iST-iC OF ThE STATE OF ThE cOSM-iCAL
         bODY OF ThE bUDDHA (dHARMAKAYA)." tHE tEACHER REPL-iEDH
         ~LT -iS ThAT WH-iCH -iS DEVO-iD OF OR-iG-iNAT-iON/ DESTTUCT-iON/
         AND EX-iSTENCE." tHE D-iSC-iPLE AGA-iN ASKEDH '~LF SO/ ThE SKY
         ALSO ShOULD BE CONS-iDERED AS AN aBSOLUTE (DHARMAKAYAJ (BUT
         Th-iS -iS WRONG~." tHE tEACHER COULD NOT REPLY/ BUT WAS
         PLEASED (W-iTh ThE QUEST-iON). aFTET ThAT HE WENT TO CARRY
         SOME PROV-iS-iONS TO H-iS NAT-iVE PLACE/ AND BESTOWED ON H-iS
         FAThER ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON OF wAJRAVARAH-i. tHEN HE PROCEEDED
         TOWARDS SnA-PHU/ AND SPENT A W-iNTER -iMMURED/ AND PRACT-iSED
         MED-iTAT-iON. hE ACQU-iRED- ThE FACULTY OF MERG-iNG TOGEThER
         ThE ~ OUTER" A-iR AND ~-iNNER" BREATh/ AND COULD PASS ThROUGH
         A WALL W-iThOUT H-iNDRANCE. hE wAs V-iCTOR-iOUS -iN ThE BATTLE
         W-iTh DEL~L-iNG -iNhUENCES WH-iCL~ WERE S-iGNS MENT-iONED (-iN ThE
         SACRED BOOKS)/ AND REPORTED ThE MATTER TO H-iS tEACHER/ WHO
         SA-iDH ~'tHE wENERABLE m-iD-LA HAD ALSO EXPER-iENCED -iT! iT -iS
         VERY WONDERFUL!" iN GENERAL/ HE COMPLETED (ThE STUDY OF) ALL
                                                                          p.667
         ThE PRECEPTS DUR-iNG ThE F-iVE YEARS HE SPENT AT SnA-PHU. aFTER
         ~-iN-iSh-iNG ThE STUDY O~ ThE TLLEORY/ HE USED TO PRACT-iSE ThEM.
         hE ALSO PREACHED AS AN ASS-iSTANT PREACHER/ AND NEVER ABSENTED
         H-iMSELF FROM ThE ASSEMBL-iES/ AND ThE DA-iLY WORK. fROM
         ThE ACARYA R~OG-PA/ FAThER AND BROThER/ HE HEARD ThE dAK-iN-i-
         VAJRAPAN-iARA (gUR-BRtAG/ aRYA-dAK-iN-iVAJRAPANJARA-MALLATANTRA
         RAJAKALPA-NATNA/ kG. RgYUD-'BU-iN/ nO. 4 ~ 9)/ ThE hEVAJRA
         (kG. RgYUD/ nOS. 417-4~8)/ ThE mAHAMAYA/ ThE mANJUSRL-
         NAMA-SANGLT-i TOGEThER W-iTh -iTS PRECEPTS. hE ALSO MADE ON~
         COPY OF A TREAT-iSE COMPOSED BY ThE lORD SnA-PHU-BA (Gl-iN-
         RAS-PA). hE ALSO USED TO CORRECT BOOKS COP-iED BY H-iS FELLOW-
         -iNONKS/ WHO WERE POOR. tHEN HE ASKED LEA~(E TO PROCEED TO
         ANOThER PLACE TO PRACR-iSE MED-iTAT-iON/ BUT ThE tEACHER SA-iD
         TO H-iMH ~'dON'T GO! tAKE OVER MY SnA-PHU!" hE ALSO
         PROPHES-iED ThAT HE WOULD BECOME ThE mASTER OF 'bRUG.
  (116B) tHE tEACHER SA-iD '~nOW PRACT-iSE ThE UPAYA-MARGA W-iTh
         ThE ASS-iSTANCE OF BSkAL-BZAN." hE ACCORD-iNGLY PROCEEDED TO
         BSkAL-BZAN AND TOLD HER OF ThE tEACHER'S COMMAND. BSkAL-
         BZAN TOLD H-iMH ~'L CAN HELP YOU! i HAD SOME AUSP-iC-iOUS
         DTEAMS ABOUT YOU. nOW BECOME A MONK/ AND LABOUR FOR
         ThE WELFARE OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS. tH-iS tEACHER (Gl-iN-RAS-PA) O~
         NL-iNE WAS ThE GREATEST -iN YOG-iC -iNS-iGHT (RTOGS-PA) ON Th-iS S-iDE
         OF ThE R-iVER gANGA/ BUT HE WAS UNMARR-iED. aRE ThEY NOT
         MANY L-iKE MYSELF HERE?" hE ThEN ASKED LEAVE TO PRACT-iSE
         MED-iTAT-iON AT MkHAR-CHU OF dOL. pERM-iSS-iON HAV-iNG BEEN
         GRANTED/ HE PROCEEDED TOWARDS dOL-MNAR mAR-MA GSER-STENS.
         wHEN HE WAS BEGG-iNG FOR SOME BARLEY FLOUR/ AN OLD RNAN
         ASKED H-iMH "wHOSE D-iSC-iPLE ARE YOU?" AND HE REPL-iED~
         AM A D-iSC-iPLE OF ThE wENERABLE Gl-iN."aLAS! h-iS!"
         EXCLA-iMED ThE OLD MAN. hE D-iD NOT BELLEVE ThE WORDS (OF
         ThE OLD MAN)/ BUT WHEN HE RETURNED TO SnA-PHU/ (HE FOUND
         ThAT) Gl-iN HAD PASSED AWAY. hE STAYED ThERE UNT-iL HE HAD
         COMPLETED ThE PREPARAT-iONS FOR ThE FUNERAL R-iTE. aFTER ThAT/
         -iN ThE SUMMER/ HAV-iNG TAKEN W-iTLi H-iM ~OUR MEN/ -iNCLUD-iNG
         lO RO yE-MGON AND OThERS/ HE PROCEEDED TO rA-LUN/ AND ThERE
         COMPLETED ThE-iR TRA-iN-iNG. aFTER ThAT H-iS FORTUNE -iNCREASED.
                                                                          p.668
         tHEN HAV-iNG TAKEN W-iTh H-iM A YOUNG BAY HORSE HE PRESENTE 
         TO a-MA ~O-MO AT SnA-PHU. aFTER COMPLET-iNG ThE CONSECRA- 
         T-iON OF ThE CA-iTYA (OF Gl-iN-RAS-PA) AND ThE AFFA-iRS OF ThE MONAS-
         TERY/ HE W-iTh SEVERAL D-iSC-iPLES/ -iN ALL SEVEN MEN/ PROCEEDED 
         TOWARDS MkHAR-CHU. hE SPENT SOME T-iME -iMMURED AT
         L~AGS-PHUR-CAN/ BUT WAS OVERWHELMED W-iTh ACC-iDENTS/ GODS
         AND DEMONS ATTACKED H-iM/ AND ThERE WAS NOT A S-iNGLE SPOT ON
         H-iS BODY WH-iCH REMA-iNED PA-iNLESS/ ETC. hE SUCCEEDED -iN 
         SUBDU-iNG ALL ThESE ACC-iDENTS AND (H-iS) UNDERSTAND-iNG BECAME 
         L-iKE A SPEAR P-iERC-iNG ThE SKY. hE ALSO GRASPED ThE -iMPORTANCE 
         OF ThE DOCTR-iNE OF dEPENDENT oR-iG-iNAT-iON. tHERE ALSO HE 
         HAD A V-iS-iON OF yE-SES MGON-PO. iF HE HAD PRACT-iSED ThE ART 
         OF BLACK MAG-iC AT ThAT T-iME/ HE COULD HAVE DESTROYED ALL H-iS 
         ENEM-iES BY ThE MERE ShAK-iNG OF H-iS GARMENT. bUT APPREHEN-
         D-iNG ThE HARM-iNG -iNFLUENCE TO H-iS RET-iNUE AND WORLDLY PROPERTY/ 
         HE D-iD NOT PRACT-iSE -iT. hAV-iNG SPENT ThREE YEARS AT ThAT 
         PLACE/ L~E D-iSCOVERED ThE rO-SNOMS SKOR-DRUG (NAME OF A 
         H-iDDEN BOOK BY rAS-CHUN-PA)/ H-iDDEN ThERE BY ThE wENERABLE 
         rAS-CHUN-PA. iN ThE YEAR OF eARTh-fEMALE-b-iTD (SA-MO-BYAE 
         14  a.d.) HE REACHED ThE AGE OF 29. hE ThEN PROCEEDED 
         TO ME MdO-PO RAS-PA/ AND OBTA-iNED FROM H-iM -iNSTRUCT-iON 
         -iN ThE "s-iX dOCTR-iNES" (OF nA-RO). tHE LATTER SA-iD TO H-iMH 
         yOU HAVE ALREADY PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON." hE ThEN SPENT A 
         CONS-iDERABLE T-iME AT bYA-SKYUNS/ ~HU-BO-R-i/ AND OThER PLACES. 
         hAV-iNG COME TO 'bR-i-KHUN/ HE ATTENDED CLASSES. hE ~HEN 
         WROTE A LETTER AS K-iNG FOR A METhOD PRODUC-iNG CON.M-iSERAT-iON/ 
         AND WAS CALLED -iNTO ThE PRESENCE (OF ThE dHARMASVAM-iN)/ AND 
         TOLD TO TAKE UP ORD-iNAT-iON. tH-iS D-iD NOT/ HOWEVER/ DEVELOP 
         COMM-iSERAT-iON ~-iN H-iM). hE ThEN PROCEEDED TO SgAM-PO 
         AND tSA-R-i V-iA mYAN-PO/ AND SPENT ThERE ONE SUMMER. hAV-iNG 
         COME TO SkY-i-SOD/ HE FOUNDED KlON-RDOL (A MONASTERY -iN ThE 
         NE-iGHBOURHOOD OF lHA-SA. tHE FAMOUS KlON-RDOL BLA-MA
         RES-iDED ThERE). iMMED-iAULY AFTER Th-iS/ HE V-iS-iTED BLA MA 
         ~AN/ OFFERED H-iM H-iS KNOWLEDGE/ AND PLEASED H-iM. hE ASKED 
         ThE BLA-MA ABOUT A METhOD PRODUC-iNG COMM-iSERAT-iON/ AND ThE 
         BLA-MA TOLD H-iMH "yOU ShOULD RECE-iVE -iNSTRUCT-iON!" AND 
                                                                          p.669
         SAY-iNG SO/ HE BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE S-iN-T~E BLO-RDEG-MA 
         (NAME O~ A SYSTEM/ PRODUC-iNG SUDDEN COMM-iSERAT-iON)/ AND 
         HE NOT-iCED A GREAT -iMPROVEMENT -iN REGARD TO COMM-iSERAT-iON. 
         tHE dHARMASVAM-iN SA-iDH "aT ANY RATE TAKE UP ORD-iNAT-iON!" 
         hE ThEN ASKED BzAN-PA TO ACT AS UPADHYAYA -iN ThE CEREMONY
         OF ThE NOV-iC-iATE. ~AN H-iMSELF ACTED AS H-iS UPADHYAYA DUR-iNG 
         ThE CEREMONY OF H-iS F-iNAL MONAST-iC ORD-iNAT-iON. aT ThE AGE 
         OF 33/ HE RECE-iVED BOTh ThE ORD-iNAT-iONS S-iMULTANEOUSLY. hE 
         ThEN ESTABL-iShED ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE dOCTT-iNE -iN GtSAN/ -iN 
         ThE nOMAD COUNTRY/ AND -iN t-iBET/ SUCH AS pHO-MA AND OThER
         PLACES/ AS FAR AS bYAN tShA-KHA (NAME OF A LAKC). hE USED 
         TO SEND OFFET-iNGS TO H-iS tEACHER'S MONASTETY/ AND ThUS MADE 
         ThE WEALTh OF OThERS TO BEAR FRU-iT/ AS WELL AS MED-iTATE -iN 
         D-iSPUTES/ AND PERFOTM MANY S-iM-iLAR WORKS. aFTER ThE FOUN- 
         D-iNG OF ThE MONASTERY OF 'bRUG/ ABOU; A ThOUSAND HUTS WERE 
         BU-iLT ROUND -iT DUR-iNG ONE YEAR. aFTER ThAT HE AGA-iN PROCEE- 
         DED TO OThER PLACES FOR ThE WELFARE OF .L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS AND 
         SECURE~ -iNEXHAUST-iBLE WCALTh WH-iCH HE D-iSTR-iBUTED FOR ThE SAKE 
         OF ThE dOCTR-iNE ONLY. iN Th-iS MANNER WHEREVER HE WENT/ 
         ThOUGH HE HAD AMASSED VERY GREAT WEALTh/ HE MADE H-iS D-iSC-i- 
         PLES PRACT-iSE ThREE Th-iNGSH F-iRST/ TO FREE ThE-iR M-iNDS FROM 
         WORLDLY MATTERS~ SECONDLY/ TO MED-iTATE ON ThE SACR-iF-iCE OF ThE-iR 
         L-iVES; AND Th-iRDLY/ TO PAY HOMAGE TO ONE'S tEACHER. tHERE 
         WERE ABOUT 5000 (D-iSC-iPLES) WHO HAD GRASPED ThE MEAN-iNG OF 
         ThE mAHAMUDRA/ AND HE ADV-iSED ThEM TO SPEND ThE-iR L-iVES -iN 
         MED-iTAT-iON AT SOME FAMOUS PLACES/ SUCH AS u-RGYAN (oDD-i- 
         YANA~/ jALANDHARA (ThE lOWER kANGRA VALLEY)/ kASM?WLRA/ ThE 
         wULTURE pEAK (bYA-RGOD PHUN-PO-I R-i~/ r-i-BO RTSE-LNA OF cH-iNA 
         (wU-T A-i-ShAN -iN sHAN-HS-i)/ tSA-R-i/ sA-'UG StAG MGO NEAR 
         sA-SKYA/ t-i-SE (kA-iLASA)/ AND OThERS. hE ThUS D-iSPERSED H-iS 
         FOLLOW-iNG. iT -iS SA-iD ThAT ThERE WAS NO PLACE W-iTh-iN A D-iS- 
         TANCE/ WH-iCH COULD BE COVERED BY A VULTURE -iN ?W18 DAYS/ WHERE 
  (117B) D-iSC-iPLES BELONG-iNG TO ThE 'bRUG-PA SUB-SECT (OF ThE BkA'- 
         BR~YUD-PAS) COULD NOT BE FOUND. a HERM-iT WHO BELONGED TO 
         ThE 'bRUG-PA SECT/ D-iD NOT PART-iC-iPATE -iN DEBATES AND D-iD NOT 
         D-iSCUSS ThE TENETS OF VAR-iOUS SECTS/ AND WAS OF A HUMBLE CON- 
                                                                          p.670
         DUCT. tH-iS dHARMASVAM-iN WAS KNOWN TO HAVE BEEN AN 
         -iNCARNAT-iON OF nA-RO-PA. mOST PEOPLE HAD RECOGN-iZED Th-iS. 
         hAV-iNG COMPLETED H-iS EARThLY WORK/ HE PASSED AWAY AT ThE 
         AGE OF ?51 -iN ThE EARLY MORN-iNG OF ThE WiOTh DAY OF ThE WAN-iNG
         MOON (ThE ~?WsTh OF ThE LUNAR MONT4) OF ThE ?W3RD SUMMER
         MONTh OF ThE YEAR iRON-fEMALE-sHEEP (iCAGS-MO-LUGE D 1211 
         a.d.). oN ThE DAY OF ThE CREQ-iã±NA~-iON/ A RA-iNBOW 
         CANOPY APPEARED/ AND A ShOWER OF FLOWERS FELL. tHE 
         JO-iNTS OF H-iS SP-iNE TURNED -iNTO TWENTY-ONE -iMAGES 
         OF aVALOK-iTESVARA/ MOST OF WH-iCH ATE PRESERVED -iNS-iDE ThE 
         CA-i~A OF rA-LUN. hE LOOKED AFTER ThE -iNTEREST OF OThERS/ AND 
         ThAT OF H-iS CH-iEF D-iSC-iPLES/ AMONG WHOM (WERE FOUND)/ ThE 
         F-iRST TWO GREAT ONES" âŠSpA AND RkYAN/ ThE "M-iDDLE TWO GREAT 
         ONES"âŠRgYA AND 'bRAS/ AND ThE "LAST TWO GREAT ONES" âŠlO 
         AND RgOD (-TShAN-PA). 
            nOW SpA-R-i-BAH iN ThE BEG-iNN-iNG/ WHEN HE WAS -iN CHARGE 
         OF ThE GTOR-MA OFLER-iNGS OF ThE TEACHER ~AN/ dHARMASVAM-iN 
         GtSAN-PA CAME ThERE FOR H-iS ORD-iNAT-iON CEREMONY/ AND WAS 
         VERY PLEASED W-iTh H-iM. ~AN SENT H-iM (W-iTh GtSAN-PA)/ 
         HAV-iNG PERCE-iVED ThAT GtSAN-PA COULD BE OF BENEF-iT TO SpA- 
         R-i-BA. hE OBTA-iNED PRECEPTS/ AND AN EXCELLENT M-iND CONCEN- 
         TRAT-iON WAS BORN -iN H-iM. hE ThEN ESTABL-iShED ThE uPPER SpA- 
         R-i bYAN-CHUB GL-iN/ AND BECAME KNOWN AS ThE "mASTER OF 
         kNOWLEDGE" (R~E MkHYEN-PA-I BDAG-PO)/ AND LABOURED EXTEN- 
         S-iVELY FOR ThE WELFARE OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS. BnUMEROUS BRANCH 
         MONASTER-iES OR-iG-iNATED FROM ThAT MONASTERY/ SUCH AS cHU-BO- 
         R-i AND lA-KHA-SAR/ AND OThERS. h-iS CH-iEF D-iSC-iPLE WAS CALLED 
         R~E DgON-GSAR-PA. hE HAD A V-iS-iON OF yE-SES MGON-PO 
         (mAHAKALA)/ AND POSSESSED MANY S-iGNS OF SP-iR-iTUAL REAL-iZAT-iON. 
         h-iS MONASTERY WAS SA-iD TO HAVC BEEN S-iTUATED -iN ThE NE-iGHBOUR- 
         HOOD OF SpA-R-i. RkYAN-MO KHA-PAH AT F-iRST/ HE HAD BEEN A 
         KALYANA-M-iTRA OF BdE-BA-CAN. hE MET ThE dHARMASVAM-iN 
         GtSAN-PA WHEN ThE LATTER WAS RES-iD-iNG AT 'bTUG. hE HEARD 
         FROM H-iM PRECEPTS/ AND A M-iND CONCENTRAT-iON WAS BORN -iN 
  (118a) H-iM. hE FOUNDED ThE MONASTERY OF RkYAN-MO-KHA AT bUR/
         AND LABOURED EXTENS-iVELY FOR ThE WELFARE OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS. 
                                                                          p.667
         gYA YAGS-PA/ HE FOUNDED ThE MONASTERY OF RgYA-YAGS AT 
         zAR-PO OF gRA/ AND LABOURED FOR ThE WELFARE OF OThERS. (h-iS 
         SCHOOL) WAS CALLED RgYA-YAGS BkA'-BRGYUD. 'bRAS-LNO-PAH hE 
         WAS ThUS CALLED AFTER A MONASTERY S-iCUATED -iN uPPER ~KYA-i-i. 
         (tHE STORY) OF ThE LAST TWO "gREAT oNES" lO AND RgOD-(EShA?L;- 
         PA) W-iLL BE TOLD LATER. aFTER ThE dHARMASVAM-iN ~tSAN-PA'S 
         PASS-iNG AWAY/ DBoN-RAS dAR-MA SEN-GE ACTED AS ABBOT (OF 
         'bRUG). hE WAS A NEPHEW OF GtSA?WL-i-PA AND H-iS SP-iR-iTUAL sON
         (CHOS-KY-i SRAS). hE WAS ALSO ThE TEACHER OF ThE "LATER" CH-iEF
         D-iSC-iPLES OF ThE mASTER RgOD-TShAN-PA AND OThERS. hE WAS 
         BORN -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-fEMALE-hEN (ME-MO-BYAâŠ/ 1177 a.d.). 
         wHEN HE WAS 35/ ThE dHATMASVAM-iN GtSA-i-PA PASSED AWAY. 
         hC H-iMSELF D-iED AT ThE AGE OF 61. h-iS NEPHEW G~ON-NU 
         SEN-GE WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR iRON-mALE-aPE (iCAGS-PHO-SPREE 
         D. 1200 a.d.). tHROUGH H-iS POWER OF ThE "iNNER hEAT".
         (BDE-DROD)/ ThOSE WHO CAME -iNTO H-iS PRESENCE/ D-iD NOT SUFFER 
         FROM COLD. wHEN HE WAS 39/ DBON-RAS PASSED AWAY. hE 
         D-iED AT ThE AGE OF 67 -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-mALE-t-iGER (ME-PHO- 
         STAGâŠ/ 1266 a. d.). h-iS NEPHEW ~-i-MA SEN-GE WAS BORN -iA 
         ThE YEAR iRON-fEMALE-hOG (iCAGS-N~O-PHAG⊠D.1251 a.d. ) 
         WHEN GH~ON-NU SEN-GE WAS D52. hE ACTED AS ABBOT OF bAR- 
         'BROG RDO-RJE GL-iN/ AND D-iED -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-fEMALE-hOG (ME- 
         MO PHAGâŠ/ 1287 a. d.)/ AGED 37. SpOS-SKYA-PA sEN-GE R-iN- 
         CHEN WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR eARTh-mALE-hORSE (SA-PHO-RTAE 
         ?258 a.d.) WHEN G~ON-NU SEN-GE WAS 59. hE D-iED -iN/ ThE 
         YEAR wATER-fEMALE-oX (CHU-M~GLANâŠ/ 1313 a. d.)/ AT ThE 
         AGE OF 56. B~U-GSUM PA (ThE "tH-iTTEENTh" sEN-GE RGYAL PO 
         WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR eARTh-fEMALE-oX (SA-MO-GLAQi-i⊠1289 
         a.d.). wHEN HE WAS 25/ SpO~SKYA-PA PASSED AWAY. hE 
         D-iED -iN ThE YEAR wOOD-fEMALE-oX (S-iN-M/LANâŠ/ 1325 a.d.)/ 
         AGED 37. ~AM-DBYA L-iS kWLWLN-DGA' SEL-i-GE WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR 
         wOOD-mALE-t-iGER (S-ii-i-PHO-STAGâŠ/13i4 a.d.) WH-iCH WAS ThE 
         YEAR FOLLOW-iNG ThE DEATh OF SpOS-SKYA-PA. hE D-iED -iN ThE 
         YEAR f-iRE-fEMALE-hOG (ME-M~PHAGâŠ/1347 a.d.)/ AGED 34. 
         BlO-GROS SEN-GEH HE WAS BOTN -iN ThE YEAR wOOD-fEMALE-hE?Wd 
         (S-iN-MO-BYAâŠ/ 1345 a.d.) WHEN kUN-DGA' SENGE WAS 3A. 
                                                                          p.672
         hE D-iED -iN ThC YEAT iRON-mALE-hORSE (iCAGS-PHO-RTAâŠ/ 1390 
         a.d.)/ AGED 46. sES-RAB SEN-GE WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR l~N- 
  (118B) fEMALE hOG (iCAGS-MO-PHAGâŠD.1371 a.d.) WHEN BlqG S
         SEN-GE WAS 27. hE D-iED -iN ThE YEAR wATER-mALE-aPE (cHU- 
         PHO-SPRE'UâŠ/ 1392 a. d.)/ AGED 2D.  yE-SES R-iN~HENaH iE 
         WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR wOOD-mALE dRAGON (S-iN-PHO-'BRUGE 
         1364 a.d.) WHEN BlO~ROS SEN-GE WAS ~O. hE D-iED -iN ThE 
         YEAR wATER-fEMALE-sERPENT (CHU-MO-SBRULâŠ/ 1413 a. d.)/ 
         AGED 50. nAM-MKHA' DpAL-BZAN WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR eARTh- 
         mALE-t-iGER (SA-PHO-STAGâŠ/ D 139& a.d.) WHEN yE-SES R-iN-CHEN 
         WAS 35. hE D-iED AT ThE AGE OF 28.  
            tHE dHATMASVAM-iN kUN-DGA' DPAL-'BYOR (-PA) WAS BORN 
         -iN ThE YEAR eARTh-mALE-aPE (SO-PHO-SPRE'UâŠ/ 148 a.d.). 
         hE WAS -iN CHARGE OF ThE MONASTERY OF 'bRUG rA-LUN. hE 
         ATTENDED ON MANY TEACHERS -iNCLUD-iNG 'kHRUL-Z-iG nAM-MKHA' 
         RNAL-'BYOR AND OThERS. lATER/ HE ALSO ACTED AS ABBOT OF SgA~ 
         PO. hE D-iED -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-mALE-aPE (ME-PHO.SPRE'UE 
         1476 a.d.)/ AGED 49. hE HAD MANY D-iSC-iPLES -iN SpA-GRO / 
         GtSAN/ DBUS/ dAGS-PO/ kON-P~/ G~AL/ lO-RO/ lHO/H~ON 
         (sOUTh mON3/ AND OThER PLACES. hE RES-iDED AT ThE MONASTERY 
         OF ThE dHARMASVAM-iN SgAM-PO-PA. hE ENTRUSTED ThE 
         MONASTERY TO ThC DESCENDANTS OF SgAM-PO-PA/ AND LOOKED AFTER 
         ThE WELFARE OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS. tHE cHAPTET ON ThE l-iNEAGE OF 
         ThE dHARMASVAM-iN GtSAN-PA AND (H-iS) CH-iEF D-iSC-iPLES. 
            tHERE -iS NO DOUBT ThAT ThE "F-iRST" AND ThE "M-iDDLE" 
         "gREAT oNES"/ ThE FOUR/ HAD ThE OPPORTUN-iTY TO LABOUR FOR 
         ThE WELFARE OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS/ BUT EXPL-iC-iT STOR-iES OF ThE-iR l-iVES' 
         ARE NOT FOUND. 
            nOW ThE TWO "lAST gREAT oNES" lO AND RgOD (TShAN-PA)H
         tHE dHARMASVAM-iN lO-RAS-PA WAS WELL-KNOWN BY ThAT NAME/ 
         BCCAUSE HE BELONGED TO lO-NAN. iN ThE LOCAL-iTY OF gRAGS-
         CHEN OF G~UN/ FAThER RnAL-'BYOR AND MOThER mE-GZA' SKY-iD-DE 
         WERE CH-iLDLESS. tHEY MADE OF ER-iNGS TO ThE gREAT mERC-iFUL 
         oNE (~O-BO tHUGS-R~E CHEN/PO 'rAN-BYON-LNA-LDAN OF lHA-SA/ 
         FAMOUS -iMAGE OF aVALOK-iTESVARA -iN ThE lHA SA cAThEDRAL 
         OR (jO-kHAN) AND PRAYED ThAT SO ii M-iGHT BE GRANTED TO ThEM/ 
                                                                          p.673 
         sHEEP (ME-M LUG⊠1187 a.d.)/ AFTER ThE MOThER HAD SEEN 
         AN AUSP-iC-iOUS DRE-i?WL. iN H-iS CH-iLDHOOD HE WAS CHARACTER-iZED 
         BY A REL-iG-iOUS D-iSPOS-iT-iON/ AND D-iD NOT PLAY W-iTh OThER CH-iLDREN. 
  (119A) fROM ThE AGE OF S-iX HE MASTERED ThE ALPHABET. wHEN HE WAS
         16/ ThE dHARMASVAM-iN GtSA;?L-PA CAME TO GzHUN/ AND FA-iTh WAS 
         BORN -iN HH?WL. hE SERVED ON H-iM WELL. wHEN HE WAS 17/ 
         ThE lORD gON-?LNA (LLE lORD sUPER-iOR GtSAN-PA) ARR-iVED
         SL~E-ThA?WL-i O~ dUMS/ AND MET ThE PARENTS AND ThE BOY. aT 
         ThE AGE OF 18/ ThE BOY RAN AWAY/ AND RECE-iVED ORD-iNAT-iON -iQ-iã±~
         ThE PRESENCE O~ ThE UPADHYAYA SbAL/T-i AT SkYOR-MO-LUN (NE~R 
         lHA-SA)/ AND WAS G-iVEN ThE NAME OF ~AN-PHYUG BRTSON-'GRUS. 
         wHEN HE WAS STAY-iNG W-iTh ThE mASTER (GtSA~-i-PA~/ A MAN 
         FROM H-iS NAT-iVE PLACE CAME TO TAKE H-iM BACK. tHE mASTER 
         SA-iDH "gO Th-iS T-iME! iT W-iLL NOT H-iNDER YOU!" wHEN HE 
         CAME TO H-iS NAT-iVE PLACE/ H-iS RELAT-iVES HELD A COUNC-iL/ A?
         DEC-iDED TO F-iND H-iM A BR-iDE/ AND TO CHA-iN H-iM. h-iS M~HER 
         -iNFORMED H-iM/ AND HE RAN AWAY TO ThE mASTET/ AND OBTA-iNED 
         FROM H-iM ThE REMA-iN-iNG PART OF ThE -iNSTRUC~-iONS ON ThE 
         "iNNER hEAT" (GTU~MO)/ AND OThER SUBJECTS. s~NCE-ThAT 
         T-iME/ EXTRAORD-iNARY "iNNER hEAT" WAS PRODUCED -iN H-iRN/ AND 
         HE HAD TO WEAR A S-iNGLE COTTON GARMENT (RAS-RKYAN). ~LUR-iNG 
         ThE AUTUMN/ ThE mASTET RECE-iVED AN -iNV-iTAT-iON FT~M H-iS NAT-iVE
         COUNTRY/ AND HELD ThERE A REL-iG-iOUS COUNC-iL. ~HE RDA WES
         ThEN REQUESTED ThE MASTER TO -ORDER H-iM TO D-iS?WfOBE/ BUT lO- 
         RAS-PA BEGGED T6E mASTER TO BE ALLOWED TO REPLY H-iMSELF eO 
         ThE-iR REQUEST. hE ThET ?WL S-iD TO ThEM  "wHEN i ShALL BE
         DY-iNG/ YOU RELAT-iVES/ WON'T BE ABLE TO HOLD ME BACK. yOU 
         MAY K-iLL ME/ BUT i ~HAh NEVER D-iSROHE 1" ~D SO ON. tHEN 
         ThE ENT-iRE ASSEMBLY ShED TE~R~ h-iS FAThER AND ThE OThERS 
         GH?WLVE UP HOPES (TO MAKE H-iM REMRN). tHE dHARMASVAM-iN 
         SA-iDH "tODAY L?WLE D-iST-iNGU-iShED H-iTNS~ SA HERO ?(-iWLWL ~HE 
         BATTLE) BETWEEN Th-iS L-iFE AND ThE NEXT" (-i.E. ThE ?LwORL~L V 
         l-i~E ~ND REL-iG-iOUS l-iFE)/ AND BECAME VERY PLEASED tHE 
         FAThER AND SON ACCOMPAN-iED ThE dHARMASVAM-iN TO 'bRUG/ AND 
         ThEMSELVES RECE-iVED -iN WLT-i;T-iON/ iN ThE AUTUMN HE TOOK 
                                                                          p.674 
         UP ThE F-iNAL MONAST-iC OWS AND HEARD ThE pRAT-iMOKSA-SUTRA 
         (MdO-RTSA-BA)/ AND OTL?WLER TEXTS. hE ALSO STUD-iED ThC hEVAJRA/ 
         ThE mAH;?WLMAYA/ AND OThER tANTRAS/ SECRET DOCTR-iNES/ SUCH AS 
         ThE dOHA (OF sARAHA)/ AND SADHAN;?WLS (PROP-iT-iAT-iONS)/ SUCH AS 
         ThE sAMVARA AND OThERS. wHEN H-iS FAThER FELL -iLL/ HE CAME 
         TO H-iS NAT-iVE PLACE. sOON AFTER Th-iS/ H-iS FAThET D-iED/ AND HE 
         -iNV-iTED' ThE dHARMASVAM-iN AND H-iS RET-iNUE TO G~UN/ 
         AND OFFERED H-iM PRESENTS -iN GREAT NUMBERS/ -iNCLUD-iNG 2800
         MEASURES (OF BARELY). hE ENTERTA-iNED MONKS/ MADE
  (119B) PRESENTS AND PA-iD REMUNERAT-iONS CO ThE SUPERV-iSORS OF CONS-
         TRUCT-iON/ AND REVOLVED ThE wHEEL OF ThE lAW. hE ~iSO 
         ENTERTA-iNED LAV-iShLY ThE PEOPLE OF ThE COUNTRY. hE LOST MORE 
         ThAN A ThOUSAND MEASURES TO MtHA'-BZ-i (MOST PROBH?WLBLY ThE 
         NAME OF AN OFF-iC-iAL). iN ADD-iT-iON TO Th-iS/ HE SPENT ALL H-iS 
         MONEY (-iN ThE -iNTEREST) OF ThE dOCTR-iNE/ AND D-iD NOT KEEP EVEN 
         ONE MEASURE (OF GRA-iN) FOR H-iMS?WELF. hAV-iNG COME TO 'bRUG/ 
         HE OBSERVED ThE SEVEN VOWSH NOT TO GO TO H-iS FAThER'S PLACE; 
         NOT TO COME DOWN FROM ThE RNOUNTA-iN; TO S-iT UP CONT-iNUOUSLY; 
         NOT TO L-iE DOWN (UTKUTUKHASANA/ mHVTPT/ nO. 6709); NOT TO 
         CROSS ThE ThREShOLDS OF L~YMEN'S ~OUSES; TO WEAR A S-iNGLE 
         COTTON GARMENT ONLY; TOABSTA-iN FROM SPEAK-iNG; NOT TO BREAK 
         ThE DA-iLY MORN-iNG OFFER-iNGS TO pRETAS (GtOR-MA BRGYA-RTSA/ ?108 
         BALLS OF TSAM/PA ARE OFFERED W-iTh WATER/ ALSO CALLED CHU-GTOR. 
         tH-iS OFFER-iNG WAS F-iRST -iNTRODUCED BY aTQ-iã±SA/ AND -iS WE-iL- 
         KNO~VN ThROUGHOUT t-iBET). tHE mASTER SA-iD TO H-iMH "tHESE 
         VOWS HAVE NO -iMPORTANCE FOR YOU ! bUT S-iNCE ThE mUN-i HAD ALSO 
         PRACT-iSED AUSTER-iT-iES FOT S-iX YEARS/ SO KEEP ThESC VOWS ALSO FOR 
         S-iX YEARS. aFTET ThAT/ STAY AT EASE." wHEN HE EXPRESSED 
         H-iS -iNTENT-iON TO PRACT-iSE ã¢AUSTER-iT-iES (RO-SNOMS/ sKRT. SAM~RASA) 
         AT BThE CREMAT-iON GROUNDS OF iND-iA (ThE E-iGHT FAMOUS CREMA- 
         T-iON GROUNDS) AND OThER PLACES/ ThE dHARMASVAM-iN SA-iD TO 
         H-iMH "wH-iLE ThC tEACHER -iS -iN GOOD HEALTh/ REMA-iN HERE!" 
         AND SO HE REMA-iNED. 
            hE ThEN MET-W-iTh SOME SER-iOUS M-iSFOTTUNES/ SUCH AS ThE 
         RECE-iPT OF ThE NCHWS ThAT H-iS COUS-iN WAS OPPRESS-iNG H-iS MOThER 
         AND S-iSTER JEALOUSY ON ThE PART OF H-iS FR-iENDS/ D-iSEASE CAUSED 
                                                                          p.675 
         BY WNEAS (S-iG~NAD)/ AND NERVOUS COMPLA-iNTS. hE TURNED ThEM 
         ALL TO ThE BENEF-iT OF H-iS SP-iR-iTUAL PRACT-iCE/ W-iThOUT ABANDON-iNG 
         H-iS DE~OT-iON TOWARDS H-iS tEACHER. aFTET ThAT HE PROCECDED 
         TO GtS;?WLN -iNTO ThE PRESENCE OF ThE mASTER/ AND OBTA-iNED 
         NUMEROUS H-iDDEN PRECEPTS FROM H-iM. iN DBuS HE BU-iLT FOR 
         H-iMSELF A SMALL CELL CLOSE TO ThE CORNER OF ThE PREACHER'S SEAT/
          AND WAS ThUS ABLE TO HEAR -iN PR-iVACY ThE PREACH-iNG TO ThE 
         ASSEMBLY OF MONKS. wHEN HE WAS ?W25/ ThE mASTER GtSAN-PA 
         PASSED AWAY. hE ThEN SETTLED AT ~O-MO 'GRO-SA/ ON (ThE 
         MOUNTA-iN) PEAK OF kHA-RAG/ W-iThOUT PROV-iS-iONS. a SNOW 
         AVALANCHE HAV-iNG COME DOWN OVCR H-iM/ HE STAYED ThERE W-iTh- 
         OUT WATER/ F-iRE AND FUEL. iN Th-iS MANNER HE PRACT-iSED AUSTER-iT-iCS 
         TO-MO-GANS/ sE-MO-DO/ AND AGA-iN AT ~O-RNO-GANS. hE WAS 
         AFFL-iCTED BY A MENTAL A-iLMENT -iNTERNALLY/ AND EXTERNALLY KE 
         WAS TORMENTED BY DEMONS/ AND VAR-iOUS OThER H-i-NDRANCES TO 
         H-iS ASCET-iC PRACT-iCE BEFELL H-iM -iN PROFUS-iON. hOWEVER/ ALL 
         Th-iS HELPED H-iS CONCENTRAT-iON OF M-iND/ AND ThE FORCE OF H-iS 
         -iNNER KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPED. hE ALSO DEVELOPED A GREAT 
  (120A) FACULTY OF PRESC-iENCE. iN FULF-iLMENT OF PROPHEC-iES BY tEACHERS/
         TUTCLARY  DE-iT-iES AND GODS/ HE ESTABL-iShED -iN MED-iTAT-iVE PRAC- 
         T-iCES PR-iESTS WHO HAD GAThERED -iN VAR-iOUS LOCAL-iT-iES/ AND FRE- 
         QUENTLY SCNT ThEM TO HERM-iTAGES. hE ALSO F?WQ-iDED SMALL 
         HERM-iTAGES/ SUCH AS ~HHU-M-iG DKAR-MO/ ~-iN-SKAM/ i~HAGS-SPY-iL/ 
         DBu-R-i/ AND OThERS/ AND LOOKED AFTER ThE -iNTEREST OF OThERS.
         hE ESPEC-iALLY SPENT S-iX YEARS AT DBu-R-i/ AND GAThERED ROUND 
         H-iMSELF MORE ThAN A TLLOUSAND MONKS. tH-iS BE-iNG A D~NGEROUS 
         PLACE/ HE-TOOK -iT OVCR/ AND BECAUSE OF Th-iS/ ThE OThER UPLANDS 
         AND LOWLANDS BECAME FREE OF DANGER. hE ALSO D-iSTR-iBUTED 
         LAV-iShLY A]MS AND PROV-iS-iONS TO MEN. s-iNCE ThAT T-iME/ HE 
         SED TO SEND LARGE OQ-iã±?WQET-iNGS TO ThE UPPER AND LOWER MONAS- 
         TET-iES. lATER/ HAV-iNG COME TO mYAN-RO/ HE STAYED ALSO AT ~O- 
         Q-iN? (~ lHA-R-i. tHE EEACHER AND H-iS D-iSC-iPLES D-iD NOT SUFFER AT 
         ThE HANDS OF mONGOL TROOPS. tHEN AGA-iN/ -iN ThE YEAR OF ThE ox (i 24i 
         a.d.) HE FOUNDED TL?WLE MONASTERY OF DkAT-PO CHOS- 
         LUã±-i. dUR-iNG ThE GREAT ASSEMBL-iES MORE ThAN 10/000 MONKS 
         GAThERED ThERE. hE ALSO PREPARED NUMBER O?WLQ-iã±S MANUSCR-iPT 
                                                                          p.676
         VOLUMES WR-iTTEN -iN GOLD AS OBJECTS O~ H-iS WORSh-iP. hE ThEN 
         PROCEEDED TO lHO-BRAG MKHAR-CHU/ AND TEBU-iLT ANEW ThE 
         TEMPLES OF MkHAR-CHU WH-iCH HAD B~EN ~LAMAGED DUR-iNG ThE 
         C-iV-iL WAR/ AND HO-iSTED (ON ThUN) GOLDEN BANNERS (DHVAJA). 
         aFTER ThAT HE PROCEEDCD TO bUM-ThAN -iN ThC mON COUNTRY 
         ('bRUG-YUL/ bHUTAN)/ AND ESTABL-iShED -iN ABST-iNENCE ThE NAT-iVES 
         OF mON WHO RESEMBLED BEASTS. hE ALSO FOUNDED ThE MONAS- 
         TERY OF tHAR-PA GL-iN (bUM-ThAN tHAR-PA GL-iQ-iã±-i). a~TER ThAT HE 
         PROCEEDED TO sEN-GE-R-i. tHERE KE FORCED MONKS/ WL?WLO HAD 
         RELAXED ThE-iR VOWS/ T~ OBSCRVE ThEM AND BESTOWED ON ABOUR 
         1500 NOV-iCES ThE "GREAT -iN-iT-iAT-iON" OF sAMVARA (BdE-MCHOG 
         G-i DBAN-MO-CKE). aFTER ThAT HE PER~ORMED A gREAT mEMOR-iAL 
         SERV-iCE (dUS-MCHOD CHEN-MO/ -iN MEMORY OF H-iS tEACHER)/ AND 
         FOR A MONTh AND HALF PREACHED CONT-iNUOUSLY ThE dOCTR-iNE. 
         hE PASSED AWAY ON ThE 21ST DAY OF ThE 9Th MONTh OF ThE 
         iRON-mALE-dOG (LCAGS-PHO-KHY-i⊠1250 a.d.) AT ThE AGE OF 
         64. h-iS REMA-iNS WERE CREMATED ON ThE 1ST OF ThE NEXT 
  (120B) MONTh/ AND MANY REL-iCS WERE RECOVERED (FROM ThE AShES)/
         -iNCLUD-iNG H-iS HEART AND TONGUE. ?iNNWLWLMERABLE EXTRAORD-iNARY 
         S-iGNS ALSO TOOK PLACE. oN ThE ~?W1Th DAY OF Th-iS MONTh/ ALL 
         ThE MONKS O~ ThC lHO-BRAG REG-iON GAThERED AND PERFORMED 
         ThE FUNERAL R-iTE. tHUS/ Th-iS HOLY PETSONAGE HAD NO ONE TO 
         MATCH H-iM -iN ThE D-iSTT-iBUT-iON OF .ALMS/ -iN DETACHMENT FROM 
         WORLDLY MATTERS/ -iN D-iL-iGENCE/ -iN MED-iTAT-iON/ -iN SCHOLATLY
         KNOWLEDGE/ AND -iN H-iS LABOURS FULL OF CO~PASS-iON FOR ThE 
         BENEF-iT OF OThERS. aFTER ThE PASS-iNG O~ lO-RAS/ H-iS NEPHCW 
         tSA-R-i-BA TOOK CVER ThE MONASTERY/ AND -iN GENERAL LABOURED 
         EXTENS-iVELY FOR ThE WELFARE OF L-iV-iNG .BE-iNGS. hE HAD MANY 
         EXCELLENT D-iSC-iPLES/ -iNCLUD-iNG ThE S-iDDHA MgON-YES AND OThERS.
         P'~AM-DBYANS MGON-PO/ A D-iSC-iPLE OF lO RASH H-iS NAT-iVE 
         COUNTTY WAS uPPER mYAN/ D-iSTR-iCT ~kHAM-GRON. hE WAS BORN 
         -iN ThE YEAR eARTh-mALE-dRAGON (SA-PHO-'BRUG⊠1208 a.d.) 
         AS SON OF ~AThER kHYUN-PO BsOD-NAMS-DPAL AND MOThER 'dRE- 
         MO kH?YE-'DREN-DPAL. hE WAS ENTRUSTED TO ThE CARE OF ThE 
         ACARYA GtSAN-STON (GSOR-BCUG-PA/ TO ENTRUST A CH-iLD TO A BLA-MA 
                                                                          p.677
         WHO ASSUMTS ThE PROTECT-iON OF ThE CH-iLD BY PRAYERS). wHEN 
         ThE BLA-MA WAS PERFORM-iNG ThE OFFER-iNG TO ThE "s-iX-ARMED" 
         mAHAKALA (pHYAG-DRUG-PA)/ HE HAD A MOMENTARY V-iS-iON OF ThE
         "s-iX-aRMED" mAHAKALA. hE WAS G-iVEN ThE NAME OF BsOD-
         NAMS MGON-PO. hE RECOLLECTED MANY OF H-iS (FORMER) EX-iS- 
         TENCES. SUCH AS H-iS REB-iRTh -iN ThE REALM OF ThE GODS ~DEALOKA/ 
         LHA-YUL)/ ETC. tHOUGH HE HAD ALWAYS REAL-iZED H-iS DREAMS TO 
         BE DREAMS/ HE WAS UNABLE TO TRANSFORM ThEM -iNTO ThE PRABHAS- 
         VATA SPHERE (BR-iLL-iANT/ 'OD-GSAL; YOG-iNS ARE SA-iD TO BE ABLE TO 
         PASS -iNTO A DREAMLESS STATE WH-iCH -iS CALLED PRABHASVATA 
         OR "BR-iLL-iANT"; SUCH YOG-iNS ARE SA-iD TO AVO-iD ThE ANTARA- 
         BHAVA/ OR -iN~ERMED-iAT~ STAGE AFTER DEATh). aT ThE AGE O~
         FOUR OR F-iVE/ A NATURAL STATE O~ MED-iTAT-iON WAS PRODUCED 
         -iN H-iM/ BUT HE D-iD NOT REAL-iZE -iT. wHEN HE WAS 6 OR 
         7/ HE WAS ABLE TO MEMOR-iZE ThE SERMONS PREACHEj BY 
         ThE ACARYA L~E-STON sANS-RGYAS/ L~E-STON M(~ON-PO/ GyU- 
         ThOG ~O-RGYAL/ AND OThERS/ AND TO COLLECT FUNDS/ (ME-TOG SDUD- 
         PA-I CHOS). hE PREACHED TO H-iS PLAYMA~ES. fURThER/ HE 
         WAS ABLE TO MEMOR-iZE D-iSC~SS-iONS HELD BY OThERS. hE LEARNED 
         ThE ALPHABET FROM ~O-SRUNS/ AND W-iTh-iN A MONTh AND ?W1W7 DAYS 
         MASTERED -iT. aT ThE AGE OF TEN/ H-iS MOThER D-iED. hAV-iNG 
         G-iVEN UP ThE G-iRL HE WAS TO MATRY/ HE FLED (FROM H-iS HOUSE) 
         -iN ORDER TO ENTER REL-iG-iON/ AND PROCEEDED TOWARDS GyAS-RU. 
         tHERE HE WAS ORDA-iNED -iN ThE PRESENCE OF ThE BLA-MA mAR-STON/
         AND RECE-iVED ThE NAME OF ~ES-RAB 'BYUN-GNAS. hE TBEN  
         OBTA-iNED -iNSTRUCT-iON (-iN ThE dOCTR-iNE)/ AND D-iSCOVERCD ~HAT H-iS 
         FORMER MED-iTAT-iON AND ThE -iNSTRUCT-iONS D-iD NOT D-iFFER. hE 
         SPENT H-iS T-iME -iN STR-iCT SECLUS-iON AT 'o-YUG AND OThER PLACES/ 
         AND PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON. hE ThEN RECE-iVED F-iNAL MONAST-iC 
         ORD-iNAT-iON/ r-iN-PO-CHE mAR-STON ACT-iNG AS UPADHYAYA/ dUN- 
         LUN-PA AS ;~CARYA/ AND ThE AC;~RYA GcHUN-PO AS sECRET pRECEPTOR. 
  (121A) fROM kHRO-PHU LO-TSA-BA AT bYE-ThAN HE OBTA-iNED ThE sEMS-N-iD-
         NAL-GSO (A R~-i?WL-i-MA BOOK ON ThEORY) AND ThE r-iN-CHEN 'BRU- 
         DGU (A R~-iN-MA BOOK). hE SPENT 14 YEARS S-iTR-iNG ON ONE MA
         (EK~SANA/ STAN-GC-iG)/ AND D-iD NOT PARTAKE OF MEAT FOR Qi?W7 YEARS. 
         hAV-iNG HEARD OF ThE FAME OF DBu-R-i-PA (lO-RAS-PA~/ HE PRO- 
                                                                          p.678
         CEEDED TOWARDS DBu-RU/ AND ATTENDED ON H-iM FOR E-iGL?WLT YEARS. 
         tHE LATTER WAS T~ETY K-iND TO H-iM/ AND HE WAS ABLE TO OBTA-iN 
         ALL ThE DACTR-iNES OF ThE 'bRUG-PAS. aT ThE AGE OF 70/ HE 
         SUSPECTED ThAT HE HAD CONTRACTED LEPROSY. hE ThERE~ORE 
         ~ MURED H-iMSELF/ AND KEPT REC-iT-iNG ThE MANTRA OF '~AM-DPAL 
         (mANJUSTQ-iã±-nAGARAKSA~. hE WAS REL-iEVED O~ H-iS SUSP-iC-iON. 
         hE WAS ABLE TO CONVERSE W-iTh GODS/ AND DEVELOPED A GREAT 
         W-iSDOM. hE ThEN -iMMURED H-iMSELF AT lHA-R-i-MO/ uPPER 
         mYAN AND ~HHOS-LUN/ AND PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON. wHEN DBu- 
         R-i-PA WAS PERFORM-iNG ThE R-iTE OF ThE GREAT -iN-iT-iAT-iON AT sEN- 
         GE-R-iN/ HE SA-iDH "w-iThOUT H-iM ThERE W-iLL BE NO -iN-iT-iAT-iON!" 
         fOR ONE MONTh DBu-R-i-PA WA-iTED (~OR H-iN~)/ AND -iN Th-iS MANNER 
         HE OBTA-iNED H-iS -iN-iT-iAT-iON. hE L-iSTENED TO ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF 
         ThE w-iNAYA FROM ThE UPADHYAYA ?~UR-LUNS-WFW)A AND ThE UPA- 
         DTYAYA lA~STOD-PA. hE STUD-iED lOG-iC (tSL LAD-MA) W-iTh ThE
         ACARYA SpA-BA GlAN-STON/ AND ALSO STUD-iED -iT W-iTh kON-NAG 
         cHOS-KY-i SO-SER AND ~AM-GSAR (A FAMOUS SCHOLAR O~ GsAN-PL?LU 
         MONASTERY). hE L-iSTENED TO ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE tANTRA AND 
         -iN-iT-iAT-iON OF ThE kALACAKRA FROM ThE BLA-MA lHA-SGAN-PA. 
         fROM ThE ACARYA zLA-GRAGS HE HEARD ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE 
         mADHYAMAKA/ ThE sA-SDE (ThE F-iVE D-iV-iS-iONS OF ThE yOGACARA- 
         BHUM-i OF aSA?WL-iGA)/ ThE SpYOD-PHYOGS (ThE dOMA-iN OF pRACT-iCC/ 
         WORKS BELONG-iNG TO ThE CLASS OF ThE bOD6-iSATTVACARYAVATARA)/ 
         ThE gUHYASAMAJA ACCORD-iNG TO nAGARJUNA METhOD AND TO ThE 
         cYCLE OF ThE yOG-iN?WL-tANTRA (mA-RGYUD/ A SECT-iON OF ThE 
         aNUTTARAYOGA-tANTRA)/ SUCH AS hEVAJRA/ sAMVAR.?WL/ AND OThERS. 
         fROM ThE BLA-MA DBuS-PA L?WLE L?WLEARD TL E SpYOD-YUL BkA'-BRGYUD 
         (ThE l-iNEAGE OF pREACH-iNG OF G~ HOD) AND TL E ~A~NS-BRGYUD 
         (ThE l-iNEAGE OF pRACT-iCE OF SpYOD YUL/ AN OLD ORThOGRAPL?WLY; 
         NOW WR-iTTEN G~OD). aT ThE MONASTERY OF 'bRUG HE OBTA-iNED 
         ThE 'bRUG cYCLE FROM sANS-RGY~Q-iã±S DBoN-RAS fROM ThE ACARYA 
         rOG ~TON OF yAR-'BROG L?E OBTA-iNED sANSKR-iT G~AN~ AT-iCAL 
         SASTRAS. fROM DkON-MCHOG R-iN-CHCN/ ThE CL?WL-iEF D-iSC-iPLE OF 
         kHYUN-TShAN-BA/ L?WLE OBTA-iNED ThC ~oRAL tRAD-iT-iON' O~ rAS- 
         CHU?WL-i-PA (rAS-CHUN SNAN-BTGYUD-SKOR). fROM TL?WLE ACARYA 
         StON-GZON L~E ?OBTA-iWLWLED ThE sADANGA (SbYOR DRUG). bECAUSE 
                                                                          p.679 

         MONY/ HAD FALLEN ON Th~ PART Oe ThE ?MAWLWLDALA DED-iCATED TO 
         aMOGHAS-iDDH-i (ThE NORThERN QUARTER)Q/ ã±HE RECE-iVED ThE SECRET 
         ?NAWLWdE OF dON/YOD RDO-R~E (aMOGHAVAJRA/ DUR-iNG ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON 
         R-iTE/ ThE D-iSC-iPLE ThROWS FLOWERS -iNTO ThE ?MAWLWLDALA AS H-iS 
         OFFER-iNG/ AND -iF ThE F~OWERS STR-iKE A PART-iCULAR D-iETY -iN ThE 
         MANDALA/ ThE DE-iTY BECOMES H-iS TUTELARY DE-iTY/ AND TL?WLE D-iS- 
         C-iPLE -iS ThEN ?NAWLWLWLED AFTER -iT). hE MEMOR-iZED NUMEROUS 
         VOLUMES OF ThE sUTRA CLASS/ SUCL?WL AS ThE mADHYAMAKAKAR-iKA 
         (~iBu-MA RTSA-SE)/ AND OThER tEXTS OF TL?WLE mANTRAYANA/ ThE 
  (121B) kALACAKRA/ ETC. wHEN kO-BRAG-PA ASKED FOR TWEWdTY-TWHREE
         KALYANA-M-iTRAS TO PERFORM A R-iTE TO A~Q/ã±ERT ThE DANGER OF AN 
         ATTACK BY mONGOL TROOPS/ HE WAS NOM-iNATED TO SUPERV-iSE ThE R-iTES/ AS 
         FAR AS tShON-'DUS. pEOPLE SA-iDH "sUCH A W-iSE NOV-iCE! hE MUST BE
         mANJUSR⌠H-iMSELF"/ tHUS HE BECAME KNOWN AS mANJUGHOSAN; ThA ('jAM-DBYANS
MGON-
         PO). aT ThE 
         REQUEST OF ThE PEOPLE OF uPPER AND lOWER mYAN/ ThE dLWLAR- 
         MASVAM-iN lO (-RAS-PA) AYPO-iNTED L?WL-iM ThE-iR tEACHER. hE 
         FOUNDED ThE MONASTERY OF kU-RU-LUQ-iã±; ON ThE BORDER OF TL?WLE uPPER 
         AND lOWER (mYAR;)/ wHEN HE WAS ?W4W3/ lO-RAS PASSED AWAY. 
         mANY GATL?WLERED ROUND H-iM/ FROM bO-DO?WL; AS FAR AS lL?WLO-BRAG 
         yE-RAN AND DBu-R-i. e~OR ThE-iR BENEF-iT L?WLE LABOURED CONT-iNU- 
         OUSLY/ AND BESTOWED ON ThEM ThE C-iTTOTPADA R-iTE/ PRECEPTS/ 
         VOWS/ ETC. hE ALSO COMPOSED NUMEROUS TREAT-iSES ON -iN-iT-iA- 
         T-iON R-iTES/ tANTR-iC R-iTES AND H-iDDEN PRECEPTS/ AS WELL AS ?NUWLW1WLE- 
         ROUS SUMMAR-iES AND ShORT EXPOS-iT-iONS OF SUTRAS. hE ALSO 
         WROTE MANY TREAT-iSES ON SECULAR SUBJECTS/ SUCL?WL AS ON ThE 
         CHARACTER-iST-iCS OF MEN AND L?WLORSES (M-i-DPYAD AND RTA-DPYAD)/ 
         AND MED-iC-iNE (SMAN-DPYAD); ALSO MANY ESSAYS ON HAND-iCRAFTS/ 
         FOR EXAMPLE AN ESSAY ON "hOW TO MAKE cH-iNESE STOVES/'Q/ ã±AND 
         OThERS. hE ALSO WROT~ SEVERAL TREAT-iSES ON cH-iNESE ASTROLOG~
         hE ALSO PA-iD A V-iS-iT TO r-i-BO-RTSE-LNA (wU T~A-i-ShAN/ -iN ThE 
         sHAN-HS-i pROV-iNCE) OF cH-iN~. tHE l-iNEAGE OF lO-RAS WAS 
         KNOWN H?WiS ThE ~?W-ilOWER 'bRUG/" (SmAD-'bRUG)/ AND ThE l-iNEAG~
         OF RgOD-TShA?WL-i-PA WAS KNOWN AS ThE "uPPER 'bRUG" (StOD- 
         'bRUG). aLL ThE OThER BR~NCL~ES OF ThE 'bRUG-PA SECT SEEM TO 
                                                                          p.680
         HAVE ?WLER~ED -iN ThESE TWO. tHE LW CHAPTER ON ThE "lOWE 'bTUG" (SmAD-'bRUG). 
         tHE dHARMASVAM-iN RgOD-TSL?WLAN-~A MgON-PO RDO-R~EH L?WL 
         WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR eARTh-fEMALE-hEN (SA~N-iO-BYA�W1 ?W18W9 
         a.d.)/ WH-iCH FOLLOWS ThE YEAR OF ThE DEATh OF Gl-i?W L-i-RAS/ AT 
         lU-CHUN-G-i KHRA OF lHO-BRAG/ AS SON OF HHU-CH~ mON-~RAS AND 
         MOThER zU~-MO DPAL-RGY ~N. aS H-iS TWO ELDER BROThERS HAD 
         D-iED -iN ThE-iR CH-iLDHOOD/ HE WAS ENTRUSTED TO ?TWL LED CARE OF ThE 
         ACARYA zU~-STON/ WHO USED TO PROTECT CH-iLDREN BY H-iS PRAYERS 
         (GSO-BA-I SLOB-DPON). hE WAS G-iVEN ThE NAME OF MgON-PO- 
  (122A) DPAL. iN H-iS CH-iLDHOOD/ ?W6ECA~ W-iSE OF L~ -iS HANDSOME APPEARANCE/
         HE ATTRACTED OThERS TO H-iMSELF. hE HAD A PLEASANT VO-iCE/ AND 
         BECAME EXPERT -iN S-iNG-iNG. h-iS M-iND WAS OF A GENTLE NATURE/ 
         AND -iN H-iS YOUTh HE BECAME ThE PA-S-i (CBA~S-i/ OR tEACHER')
         OF bRO-PA/ AND WAS KNOWN AS pA-S-i wON-GRUB SE-i?WL-GE. hE 
         HEARD FROM TL?WLE ACARYA wA-ZWA ('~ti E fOX-hAT") ThE lAM-RHN~
         (OF ThE BkA'-GDAMS-PAS). fROM ThE ACARYA StON HE HEARD 
         ThE mADYAMAKA SYSTEM. fROM ThE ACARYA yL-B-i-BA ThE 
         bODH-iSATTVACARYAVATARA/ AND ThE sPHUTARTL?WLA ('gREL-C6UN) FROM 
         ThE ACARYA ~AN. hE WAS ABLE TO MA?WSTER ThESE TEX~S ~FTER 
         HAV-iNG L-iSTENED TO ThEM ONCE. hE V-iS-iTCD lHA-SA ON TL?WLREE 
         BOCCAS-iONS/ AND EXPRESSED ThE ã¢SOLEN?WLN W-iTh TO PRACT-iSE REL-iG-iON  
         ONLY. oNCE -iN H-iS NAT-iVE- PLACE/ WHEN PEOPLE HAD GAThERED 
         FOR A W-iNE CETEQ-iã±NONY/ FOUR S-iNGERS FROM GtSAN CAME TO TL?WLE 
         PLACE/ AND SANG AS FOLLOWSH "tHE dHARMASVAN~-iN RgYA-RAS 
         OF ThE Qiã±NONASTERY OF rA-LUN POSSESSES ThE GLORY OF ThE PRESE?WL~T
         AND FUTURE EX-iSTENCES. wE/ TWO FR-iENDS/ ShOULD WE GO TO 
         H-iS PLACE? fROM ThE BOTTOM OF OUR L?WLEARTS WE SL?WLALL STR-iVE 
         TOWATDS REL-iG-iON." wHEN RgOD-TSL?WL~N-PA HEARD ThAT SONG/ 
         AND ThE dHARMASVAM-iN'S NAME/ HQ-i ã±STRONG FEEL-iNG OF REVERENCE 
         WAS BORN -iN H-iN~. hE ASKED H-iS FAThER'S PERM-iSS-iON/ ?WLWL-iCLW 
         WAS GRANTED. tAK-iNG W-iTh H-iM SOME MERCHAND-iSE/ HE JO~?WLR- 
         NEYED TO rA-LU ?WL-i -iN ThE cOLLLP.  WLWLWLY O~ ThE dHARMASVAM-iN'S D-iS- 
         C-iPLE NAMED zUG-SGOM. 
         hE MET TL?WLE dHARMASVAM-iN WHEN ThE iATTER WAS PREACH-iN/ TO 
         AN ASSEMBLY. oN OR ~L-iNAT-iO C RECE-iVED ThE NAME OF 
                                                                          p.681 
         MgON-PO RDO-R~E. wHEWLWLEWyER HE MET ThE dHARMASVAM-iN/
         TBE LATTER SM-iLED AT ?H-iWL-WL AND SEEMED ATTRACTED TOWARDS H-iM.
         hE ?ThEWLWL BESTOWED ON ?H-iWLWLWL ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON OF ThE O~ER-iNG 
         CEREMONY (~TOR-DBAN). fOR TWENTY-TWO DAYS HE PRACT-iSED 
         ACCORD-iNG TO dH~RM~SVAM-iN'S -iNSTRUCT-iONS. RgOD-TSh~N-PA 
         GRADUALLY REQ-iã±NOVED SOME HAND-iCAPS (-iN H-iS MED-iTAT-iON). hE 
         ThEN HEARD NUMETO-?WLS EXPOS-iT-iONS/ SUCH AS ThE SkYABS-'GRO 
         SEMS-BSKYED/ TL?WLE sEMS-BSKYED CHEN-MO (ThE C-iTTOTPAD~ CERE- 
         MONY)/ ThE RnAL-'BYOR BZ-i (SEVA/ SADHANA/ UPASADHANA/ MAHA- 
         SADHANA)/ TKE lHAN-C-iG SKYES-SBYOR (NAME OF A BOOK OF ThE 
         'bR-i-KHUQ-iã±-i-PA sccT~/ tHWN WAS-LAM-GY-i KL T-iD (A GU-iDE ON ThE 
         UPAYA-MARGA)/ rO-SNOMS-K;Q/ã±-i DM-iGS-PA MAN-PO (MED-iTAT-iONS 
         ON ThE NOT-iON OF EQUAL TO ~AVOUR"(RO-SNOMS))/ ThE rABS-BD?WLN/ 
         ThE ~H-iG-CHAG (N;?WLME O~ A SYSTEM BELONG-iNG TO ThE mAHAM~?WL- 
         DRA cYCLE)/ ThE GsAN-SPYOD (A BOOK ON SECRET N-iGHT PRACT-iCES/ 
         SUCH AS MED-iTAT-iONS iT CEMETER-iES/ ETC.)/ ThE BM-iNOR AND MAJOR 
         METhODS OF ã¢R-iTES/ ETC./ ThE cYCLE OF sAMAYA/ SUCH AS ThE RtSA- 
         LTUN BCU-BZ-i-PA (Th CH-iEF ?FOWLWLRTEEN VOWS OF wAJRAYANA). hE 
         ALSO HEARD ThE SADHAQ-i?WLAS OF ThE Th-iRTEEN GODDESSES OF ThE wAJRA-
         VARAH; MANDALA/ AND ThAT OF ThE TWO-HEADED wAJRAVARAHQ-iã±. 
         aFTER ThAT HE PROCEEDED TO 'bTUG AND PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON 
         DUR-iNG ThREE MONRHS/ T;?WLK-iNG AS H-iS OBJECT OF MED-iTAT-iON 
         L~-iS tEACHER (BLA-SGRUB~. hE ALSO L-iSTENED TO MAY REL-iG-i-
         OUS SERMONS/ ETC. hE ~?WiSED TO GAThER FUEL FOR ThE 
         MONAST-iC CONGREGAT-iON AND ATTEND ON H-iS tEACHER/ EVEN SWEEP- 
  (122B) -iNG ThE AShES FROM ThE LATTER'S F-iRE-PLACE/ AND S-iGNS OF ThE
         REMOVAL OF DEF-iLEMENT APYEARED -iN H-iM. hE ThEN ASKED LEAVE 
         TO PROCEED TO 'bR-i-KHU-i-i/ AND OBTA-iNED -iNTRODUCT-iONS -iNTO ThE 
         dOCTR-iNE (CHOS-'BREL) FROM EVERY GOOD TEAC6ER -iN ThE NORThERN 
         CO~?WLNTRY O~ DBu-RU. hE F-iRST ATTENDED A CLASS AT 'bR-i KHUN/ 
         ThEN WHEN bR-i-KHUN-PA WAS PREACH-iNG A SECRET DOCTR-iNE/ HE 
         ASKED H-iMH "hAVE YOU COMPLETED ThE gN-iDE (OF Th-iS BOOK)?" 
         RgOD-TShAQ-iã±-i-PA REPL-iEDH ' i HAVE COMPLETED."âŠ"wELL ThEN/ 
         STAY L?WLERE!" SA-iD ThE dHARMASVAQ-iã±N-iN/ A?WL-D BESTOWED ON H-iM 
         -iNSTRUCT-iONS -iN TL~E H-iDDEN DOCTR-iNE. 
         hE DEVELOPED A (DEEP~ VENERAT-i~ RORDS ThE dHHQ-iã±RMA- 
                                                                          p.682
         SVALLL-iN. hAV-iNG COME TO rWA-SGRE  AFTER HE HAD MET ~tAG- 
         LUN-PA/ TNtShAL-PA/ AND OThERS/ LE FELT A PART-iCULAR VENERAT-iON 
         TOWARDS ThE dHARMASV;~M-iN rAS-PA/ AND UENT TO SEE H-iN~. 
         sOON AFTER ThAT/ ThE dHARMASVAN?W1-iN (PASSED AWAY ThC dHARMA- 
         SVAQ-iã±N-iN RgYA-TAS). nEXT YEAR/ A LATGE REL-iG-iOUS ASSEMBLY WAS 
         HELD/ AT WH-iCH 270 ACARYA'S AND 4800 MONKS GAThERED. aT 
         ThE END OF ThE ASSEMBLY/ HE JOURNEYED TO lHO-BRAG MkHAR- 
         CHU/ gANS t-i-SE (kA-iLASA)/ kASM?LRA/ j;~LANDL?WLARQ-i (ThE lOWER 
         kANGR~ wALLEY)/ AND OThER PLACES/ AND CH-iE~LY PRACT-iSED MED-i-
         TAT-iON. fROM ?~NkHAR-CLWL-WL ONWARDS/ HE EXH-iB-iTED MANY S-iGNS 
         OF SP-iR-iRUAL ACH-iEVEMENT. iN PART-iCULAR/ HE MET SEVERAL 
         YOG-iNQ-iã±S ~T jALANDHARA WHO HAD GAThERED FOR A tANTR-iC FEAST 
         (GAN;?WLCALCRA). wHEN HE FORC-iBLY ENTERED ThE HOUSE (-iN WH-iCH 
         ThEY HAD GAThERED)/ ThE YOG-iN?WL/ PRES-iD-iNG OVER ThE FEAST/ TOLD 
         L?WL-iMH "lET Th-iS YOG-iN COME!" hE ENJOYED ThE FEAST/ AND 
         GREAT WAS ThE BLESS-iNG (rEV. DgE-'DUN ~HOS-'PHEL TELLS ME 
         ThAT -iN ThE lH~ BRAG cHOS-'BYT-i ThE STORY -iS TOLD -iN GREAT 
         DETA-iLS. RgOD-TShAN-PA HAD ENTERED A TEMPLE (M?W3ND-iR)/ 
         -iNS-iDE WH-iCH SOME TWENTY WOMEN HAD GAThERED. tHE ELDEST 
         OF ThESE BEGGED H-iM TO S-iT DOWN AND GAVE H-iM SOME FOOD. 
         g. tUCC-iH "tRAVELS OF t-iBETAN p-iLGR-iMS -iN ThE sWAT wALLEY/ 
         gLC~?WLTTA/ ~940/ P. GO (aPPEND-iX)). tH-iS YOG-iN?WL RESEMBLED 
         'gRO-BA BZAN-MO WHO -iN LATER T-iMES USED TO STAY W-iTh RgOD- 
         TShA?WL;-PA. wHEN ROBBERS/ Th-iNK-iNG ThAT ThEY M-iGHT GET GOLD 
         FROM H-iM/ L?WLELD H-iM UP/ HE CONCENTRATED H-iS M-iND/ PLAC-iNG H-iS 
         tEACL?WLER'S -iMAGE ON H-iS HEAD/ ~ND ThUS NO HARM WHATSOEVER 
         HAPPENED TO H-iM. a~TER ThAT HE AGA-iN RETURNED TO t-iBET. 
         wH-iLE HE WAS CTOSS-iNG ThE DpAL-MO DPAL-ThAQ-iã±;/ HE RAN ShORT OF 
         PROV-iS-iONS/ AND FELT WEAK. hE CAME ACROSS A bON-PO AND 
         ASKED L?WL-iMH '~0 -iNCARNAT-iON OF G~EN-RAB M-i-BO! hAVE YOU
         ANYTh-iNG TO EAT?" tHE bON-PO REPL-iEDH ' yOU/ b~Q-iã±DDH-iST MEN
         (~HOS -iN bON-PO TERM-iNOLOGY MEANS bUDDL?WL-iSM)/ OFTEN DO SUC-i
         Th-iNGS AND PRACT-iSE PENANCE O~?WLT OF T-iME!" hE GAVE L?WL-iM SOME 
         BARLEY FLOUR AND SOME P-iECES OF -iNTEST-iNES. RgOD-TShA?WL-i-PA 
         CHEWED ThEM/ AND CONT-iNUED L?WL-iS JOUTNEY. lATER/ HE USED DTO 
  (123A) RELATE Th-iS SRORY/ ADD-iNG/ "tL--iS PRESENT OF A ~ON-PO WAS
                                                                          p.683
         GREATER ThAN A HUNDRED OFFER-iNGS O~ ThC PRESENT T-iME." hE 
         ThEN PROCEEDED TO rA-LUN ?WjND MET DBoN-RAS dAR-M;?WL SEN-GE
         WHO SA-iD TO H-iM/ mED-iT~E ?WjT pHOM lHA-KHAB. yOUR 
         M-iND CONCENTRAT-iON W-iLL -iNCRC;?WLSE." hE ACCORD-iNGLY PROCEEDED
         TOWARDS pHOM lHA-KHAB AND FOR ThREE YEH?WLRS PRACT-iSED ThE 
         GURU-SADHANA (BLA/M;?WL SGRUB-PA) -iN A H?WLT. dUR-iNG ThAT T-iME 
         A ThOUGHT OCCURTED TO H-iM tH-iS tEACHER OF M-iNE ThE i~L1jR- 
         MASVAM-iN rAS-PA/ SEEMS TO BE A bODH-iSATTVA OF ThE TENTh 
         BHUM-i." iMMED-iATELY ThEREUPON HE REPROVED H-iMSELF/ 53
         -iNGH "0 YOU/ W-iCKED ONE/ WHO DARED RECOGN-iZE YOUR tEACHER/ 
         WHO HAD -iNTRODUCED YOUR OWN M-iND TO bUDDHAHOOD/ AS 
         bODH-iSATTVA OF ThE TENTh STAGE (BHUM-i)!" fROM ThEN ON/ HE 
         D-iD NOT D-iFFERENT-iATE H-iS tEACHET FROM ThE NOT-iON OF bUDDHA- 
         HOOD. wHEN HE H?WjD SPENT ThREE YE?WjRS AT ThAT PLACE/ ThE 
         WATER OF ThE LAKE ROSE AND OVERL~OWED H-iS HUT/ BUT. HE D-iD NOT 
         MOVE/ ThOUGH ThE WATER HAD COVERED ThE LOWER PART OF H-iS 
         BODY. h-iS FOOD CONS-iSTED OF DR-iNK-iNG WATER ONLY. oNE DAY 
         HE FOUND ThE DE?LD BODY OF A STAG ON ThE ShOTE OF EHE LAKE/ AND 
         WENT TO FETCH -iT. hAV-iNG LO?  WLDED -iT ON A RKYAN (W-iLD ASS) HE 
         BROUGHT -iC TO H-iS HUT. oN ONE OCCAS-iON HE SAW A ShOWER OF 
         SERPENTS FALL-iNG DOWN FROM ThE SKY. aS A RESULT OF -iT/ HE 
         ?WjLMOST FELL -iLL W-iTh LEPROSY/ BUT SOON RECOVERED. hC ThEN 
         PROCEEDED -iNTO ThE PRESENCE OF DBON-RjS AND TOOK UP ThE F-iNAL 
         MONAST-iC ORD-iNAT-iON. aFTER ThAT HE PROCEEDED TO tSA-R-i/ AND 
         SPENT ThETE ThREE YEARS. wHEN HE WAS C-iRCUM~MBULAT-iNG ThE 
         GyU-MTShO LAKE AND MAK-iNG OFFER-iNGS TO ThE LAKE/ ThE DAK-iN⌠
         sEN-GE GDON-CAN (l-iON FACED/ s-iMH~MUKH?L) OFFERED H-iM A LADLE 
         FULL OF GOLD/ BUT HE OFFERED -iT TO ThE LAKE. hE ATTENDED ON 
         ALL ThOSE WHO WERE STUDY-iNG AT tSA-R-i/ AND BECAME KNOWN BY ThE 
         N-iCKNAME OF ThE "yELLOW DONKEY OF ThE eASTERN AND wESTERN 
         ROCKY VALLEYS" (RDZA-KHROD). fREQUENTLY HE USED TO CARRY 
         BARLEY FLOUR FOR ThOSE WHO WERE STUDY-iNG -iN RET-iREMENT/ ~-iLL H-iS 
         6H~CK ~EcjME COVERED ?Ww-iTLWL PUS. hE USED TO SAY Th~T H-iS 
         M-iND W~S SAT-iSF-iED W-iTh Th-iS WORK. oQ-iã±?WLE N-iGHT HE H?WjD A  
         DREAM ThAT ALL H-iS -iNTEST-iNES HAD FALLEN OUT/ AND ThAT H-iS BELLY 
         HAD BECOME EMPTY. wH-iLE HE ?W;WLWs PONDER-iN~G ?WjS TO WHEThER 
                                                                          p.684 
         ThE ORGAWLWLS WOULD jG?W311 RE-ENTER H-iS BODY/ A WH-iTE MAN SA-iD 
         TO H-iMH "tH-iS T-iME ThEY W-iLL NOT RETURN -iNTO YOUR BODY" 
         (ThE DREAM S-iGN-iF-iED TL?WLE REMOVAL OF ALL DEF-iLEMENTS). aFTER 
         Th-iS H-iS M-iND CONCENTRAT-iON GREATLY -iNCREASED. hE AGA-iN RE- 
         NLR-iLED TO rA-LUN/ AND MET ThE dHARMASVAM-iN DBON/ WLQ-iã±O 
  (123B) SA-iD TO H-iMH "yOU HAVE -iMPROVED YOUR MED-iTAT-iON! nOW
         YOU ShOULD BECOME MY ASS-iSTANT TEACL?WLER.'' bUT HE ASKED DTO 
         BE ALLOWED TO GO TO lA-STOD. tHE dHARMASVAM-iN D-iD NOT 
         G-iVE H-iM PERM-iSS-iON TO DO SO/ AND H-iS FR-iENDS ALSO TOLD H-iM 
         ThAT HE WAS NOT TC GO ThERE. tHEN HE/ TL?WL-iNK-iNG TO H-iMSELFH 
         i ShALL SEE WHEThER MY tEACHER -iS A SA-iNT (S-iDDHA)/ OR NOT" 
         (NLEHLN-iNG RHEThER HE POSSESSES PRESC-iENCE/ OR NOT)/ PR-iVATELY 
         OFFERED ThE tEACHER MANY MANDALAS/ AND AGA-iN MADE ThE 
         REQUEST. aFTER ThAT HE ASKED H-iM PERSONALLY/ AND ThE dHAR- 
         MASVAM-iN ThEN TOLD H-iM "wELL/ GO NOW! iF YOU COULD SPREAD 
         YOUR tEACHER'S DOCTR-iNE -iN A HEAThEN COUNTRY/ GREAT WOULD BE 
         ThE BENEF-iT!" hE ThEN PROCEEDED TO lA-STOD/ AND AT bYA-RCG 
         TShAN HE MET FATL?WLER (MALE FOLLOWCRS OF G~HOD ARE OFTEN 
         ADDRESSED BY ThE WORD !FAThER' (PL?WLA)) SgRUB-PA ~-iG-YO. '~iS 
         HE NOT sAMANTABHADRA (ThE aD-i-bUDDHA OF ThE RnY-iNG-MA SEAT) 
         H-iMSELF?" ThOUGHT HE/ AND FA-iTh WAS BORN -iN H-iM. SgRUB-PA 
         ~-iG-PO BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE H-iDDEN PRECEPTS W-iTh ThE-iR 
         M-iNUT-i;Q-iã±E (Z-iB-TShAGS). aFTER ThAT HE SPENT ThREE YEARS AT 
         kHY~?WLN-DKAR/ AND H-iS M-iND CONCENTRAR-iON -iNCREASED. hE BE- 
         CAME AFFL-iCTED BY A D-iSEASE CAUSED BY L-iCE -iG-NAD)/ AND WAS 
         ABOUT TO D-iE. h-iS ATTENDANT WENT TO BEG FOR SOME FOOD/ BUT 
         ALSO FELL -iLL AT bYA-ROG TShAR~ (AND D-iD NOT COME BACK). ?igOD-  
         TShAN-PA ThOUGHTH "nOW HE N~US~ HAVE G-iVEN ME UP AND 
         WOULD NOT RETURN." sO HE PREPARED TO GO H-iMSELF/ AND ThEN 
         ALL OF A SUDDEN ThE D-iSEASE CAUSED BY L-iCE LEFT H-iM. hE ThEN 
         WENT TO bYA-ROG TShAN/ AND BROUGHT BACK H-iS ATTENDANT. hE 
         TREATED H-iM/ AND ThEN BOTh ThE tEACHER AND D-iSC-iPLE RECOVERED. 
         aGA-iN HE SPENT ONE SUMMER AT y-iN-DKAR/ AT A PLACE WHERE 
         ThE FOOT-PR-iNTS OF ThE wENERABLE m-iD-LA WERE FOUND/ AND H-iS 
         M-iND CONCENTRAT-iON -iNCREASED. aFTER ThAT HE PROCEEDED 
         TOWARDS TgOD-TShAN (NEAR sR;-R-i ?W!NCAR ~ DKAR -iN GtSAN(. 
                                                                          p.685 
         tHE TEXT OF ThE VOW -iS G-iVEN -iN ThE pAD-DKAR CHOS-'BYUN/ 
         FOL. 180BH "i SWEAR/ i ShALL MED-iTATE T-iLL ThE NAMES OF ME/ 
         ThE MAN/ OF YOU/ ThE VULTURE/ AND ThAT OF ThE ROCK BECOME 
         ONE")/ AND PRONOUNCED A STR-iCT VOW OF SECLUS-iON. i Q-iL A DREAM
         HE SAW H-iMSELF SAY-iNG TO A wOMAN; "wHAT -iS MORE PROF-iTABLE 
         TO STAY -iN SECLUS-iON/ OR TO LABOUR FOR ThE WELFARE OF OThERS?" 
         tHE WOMAN REPL-iEDH "LF YOU HAVE ENTERED SECLUS-iON/ ThEN 
         BENEF-iT TO OThERS W-iLL ALSO AR-iSE." sO HE ENTERED SECLUS-iON. 
         h-iS FR-iEND SgN.?LGS MED-iTATED ON ThE UPAYA MARGA AND 
         W-iTh H-iS PRESC-iENCE PENETRATED ThE OUTS-iDE AND -iNS-iDE SPHERES/ 
         AND SAW ALL ThE DEMONS OF ThE UPPER AND LOWER QUARTERS 
         WHWAw-iLLG GAThERED LT RgOD-TShA TO L-iSTEN TO ThE PREACH-iNG OF 
         ThE dOCTR-iNE BY RgOD-TShA PA. tHUS H-iS PREV-iOUS ThOUGHT 
         ThAT H-iS FR-iEND (RgOD-TSAL-PA) D-iD NOT LABOR FOR ThE BENEF-iT 
         OF OThERS/ WAS REMOVED tHEN HAV-iNG LEFT RgOD-TShA?WE 
         PROCEEDED TOWARDS ThE MOUNTA-iN VALLEY OF lAS-STOD/ AND PRAC-
         -iSED ThERE SECRET R-iTES (GSANG-SPYOD). tH-iS dHARMA AQA-iN
         POSSESSED ThE MARKS OF SP-iR-iTUAL REAL-iZAT-iON/ AND MA-iNTA-iNED 
  (124A) H-iS ThEORY ABOUT ThE eSSENCE OF nATURE AM-iDST PLEASURE AND
         BR-iEF. wHEN HE WAS AFFL-iCTED BY ThE D-iSEASE CAUSED BY L-iCE/ 
         HE D-iD NOT ThROW AWAY EVEN A S-iNGLE L-iCE/ PRECLLTED BY H-iS 
         ThOUGHT OF ENL-iGHTENMENT (BODH-iC-iTTA)/ AND ALL ThROUGHOUT 
         Th-iS SLE-iLG HE -iNTERPRETED -iT W-iTh ThE HELP OF ThE mAHA- 
         MUDRA DOCTR-iNE. tHE D-iSEASE WAS ThUS QU-iCKLY HE~LED.
         tHROUGH ThE PRACT-iCE OF R-iTES/ HE WAS ABLE TO ATTA-iN WHLTECR 
         HE DES-iRED. h-iS ThOUGHT FOLLOWED ON EACH OThER FOR TWO 
         MOMENTS ONLY/ AFTER ThE Th-iR WL ?MOMENT HE WAS ABLE TO 
         TRLLSFoRLLL ThETLL -iNTO A iLL-iNCL CONCENTRAT-iON ACCORD-iNG TO ThE 
         mAHAMUDRA/ ALLQSTOY ThE NOW OF TLLOQGLLT-CONSTRUCT-iON. nO 
         WORLDLY ThOUGHT D-iSTURBED H-iM. hE CONCENTRATED ON ThE PRACT-iCE OF DEVOT-iON 
         TOWARDS H-iS tO W-iThOUT SEPARAT-iNG H-iMSELF FROM ThE NOT-iON OF ThE 
         "gREAT sEAL" (ALWLNUCjRL). eVERY MORN-iNG/ OL Lw.1Q/ 
         HE USED TO Th-iNKH "iT WAS GOOD/ ThAT i D-iD NOT D-iC 
         YESTERDAY. tO-DAY i SLALl ATTA-iN SP-iR-iTUAL REAL-iZAT-iON 
         L WLLL OF D-iL-iGENCE/ LE  sCNDO CCL -IT H111 uNOBSTRLCTCD 
                                                                          p.686
         W-iSDOM PENETRAT-iNG EVERY K-iND OF DOCTR-iNE. hE USED TO 
         RELATE ThAT/ WH-iLE HE WAS RES-iD-iNG AT R;-R-i (NEAR EL-DKAR -iN 
         GtSAL-i)/ HE SAW A RED WOMAN PLAC-iNG A BOOK -iNTO H-iS MOUTh/ 
         AND ThAT AFTER ThAT ThERE D-iD NOT EX-iST A S-iNGLE DOCTR-iNE 
         TRANSLATED -iNTO t-iBETAN/ WH-iCH HE D-iD NOT UNDERSTAND. iN 
         H-iS LATER L-iFE HE FOUNDED NUMEROUS MONASTER-iES/ SUCH AS StEL-i-
         GRO/ SpUR;-DRA/ bYAN-GL-iN/ BdE-CHEN-STE-i;S/ bR-'BROG RdO-RJE- 
         GL-iL-i/ AND OThERS/ AND FROM EACH OF ThESE MONASTER-iES ThERE 
         OR-iG-iNATED MANY ThOUSANDS OF MONK-ADEPTS (SADL~AKA). tH-iS 
         dHARMASVAM-iN REEC-iVED ORD-iNAT-iON AT ThE AGE OF 19/ AND 
         SPENT ThREE YEARS W-iTh GtSAQ;-PA. aT ThE AGE OF 2~/ WH-iLE 
         ENGAGED -iN MED-iTAT-iVE PRACT-iCES/ HE ALSO LABOURED A L-iTTLE FOR 
         ThE BENEF-iT OT OThERS. tHEN (HE SPENT) ThREE YEARS AT MkHAR- 
         CLU⊠25 YEARS. fOR YEARS AT t-i-SE (kA-iLASA) AND jALAN- 
         DHARA⊠29 YEARS. tHREE YEARS AT lHA-KLLAB⊠32 YEARS. 
         tHREE YEARS AT tSA-R-i⊠35 YEARS. tHREE YEARS AT BOTh kHYUL-i- 
         DKAR AND yAT;-DKAR⊠38 YEARS. sEVEN YEATS AT RgOD-TShAT; 
         45/ YEARS. tH-iRTEEN YEARS AT StEN-GRO⊠58 YEARS. n-iNE 
         WHOLE YEARS AT BdE-CHEN-STENS AND DgA'-LDAN⊠67 YEARS. 
         oNE YEAR AT sEN-GE-GL-iN OF SpYAD AND hOR-ThAN⊠68 YEARS. 
         tWO YEARS AT RdO-RJE-GL-iN⊠70 YEARS. hE SA-iD "ThAT HAV-iNG 
         PASSED -iNTO n-iRVANA -iN ThE YEAR eARTh-mALE-hORSE (S~PHO- 
  (124B) RTA⊠125 a/d.)/ HE WOULD BE REBORN AS AN UPHOLDER OF ThE
         BkA'-BRGYUD-PA DOCTR-iNE/ AND AeTER ThAT AS ThE bODH-iSATTVA 
         mA-CHAGS pAD-MA-I SPYAN (wA-iRAGA-pADN~AKSA) -iN ThE uPPER 
         rEG-iON (OF ThE TEN D-iRECT-iONS)/ AND WOULD LABOUR FOR ThE WELFARE 
         OF OTBERS ~REE OF ThOUGHT-CONSTRUCT-iON. aFTER ThAT HE WOULD 
         ATTA-iN bUDDHAHOOD AS ThE tAThAGATA RdUL-SEL (aRAJAS) -iN TBE 
         SPHERE O~ RdUL-DAR;-BRAL-BA (w-iRAJAS). hE ALSO TOLD ThEM ThAT 
         AFTER H-iS DEATh/ ThEY ShOULD NOT COLLECT DUES AMONG H-iS FOLLOW- 
         ERS/ AND SLLO LD NOT ERECT -iMAGES/ BUT ThAT -iNSTEAD ThEY ShOULD 
         PRACT-iSE MED-iTAT-iON -iN HERM-iTAGES/ DEVOTE ThE-iR L-iVES TO -iT/ AND 
         ThAT AT LEAST ONE YEAR ShOULD BE SPENT BY ThEM -iN SOL-iTUDE. 
         hE LAD MANY D-iSC-iPLES. h-iS SP-iR-iTUAL 50WL)s WEREH yAN-DGON- 
         ThE MALUS-iDDHA u.RGYAN-PA/ bYAL-i-GL-i-iL-PA/ ThE dHARMA- 
         SVAM-i nE-R-i YA/ pHU-R-i-B~/ ThE -iNCOMPARABLE (iLLNAM- 
                                                                          p.687 
         PMED) bA-R-i SpY-iL-DKAT.BA/ ThE lORD mA-BDUN-PA/ -i-BYED 
         MGON-PO/ sANS-RGYAS KHROM-RASQ/ ã±DpAL-SKYER-S-iN-RAS-PA/ ~AKYA 
         RAS-PA/ 'dAR-RAS/ AND OThERS. bA-R-i SpY-iL-DKAR-BA/ WHO WAS EQUAL 
         -iN MED-iTAT-iON TO RgOD-TShAN-P~ H-iMSELF/ FOUNDED A MONAS- 
         TERY ON ThE BORDER OF 'gOS-YUL AND 'bR-iN/ LABOURED FOR ThE 
         WELFARE OF OThERSQ/ ã±AND MED-i?WTATED -iNCESSANTLY ON ThE PRABHA- 
         SVARA. t-iLL ThE PRESENT DAY ThERE EX-iSTS~AN -iMAGE (OF H-iM) WH-iCH 
         DOES NOT ATTRACT DUST. pHU-R-i-BA DkON-MCHOG RGYAL-MTShAN/ 
         WHO WAS EQUAL -iN AUSTER-iT-iES TO RgOD-TShAN-PA H-iMSELF/ WAS 
         ThE ONE WHO HAD ASKED RgOD-TShAN-PA TO WR-iTE ThE rO-SNOMS 
         SGAN-'DR-iL (A SUMMARY OF ThE SAMARASA DOCTR-iNE). hE FOUNDED 
         A MONASTERY AT pHA-DRUG. h-iS SUCCESSORS (BRGYUD-PA-I 'DZ-iN- 
         PA) WERE ThE N-iRMANA-KAYA BdE-CHEN SEN-GE/ mA-GC-iG ~HHOS- 
         SGRON/ AND EHE LATTER'S D-iSC-iPLE ThE BkA'-BZ-i-PA nAM-MKHA' 'OD- 
         ZER. tH-iS LATTER HAD F-iRST BECOME A GREAT KALYANA-M-iTRA 
         HOLDER OF ThE FOUR cOMMANDMENTS (BkA'-BZ-i 'DZ-iN-PA) OF lA- 
         STOD BYA~-PA/ AND MET ThERE mA-GC-iG DUR-iNG ThE BRECESS (CHOR- 
         BAR). hE OBTA-iNED PRECEPTS FROM HER/ AND AN EQXã±CELLENT M-iND 
         CONCENTRAT-iON WAS BORN -iN H-iM. h-iS D-iSC-iPLE BkHA-TAG gRAGS- 
         RGYAL-BAH HE WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAT f?WLTE-mALE-hORSE (ME-PHO- 
         RTA�W1W186 a.d.). hE WAS ThE TABLE-DECKER (GSOL-~A-BA) OF 
         SpYAN-SNA gRAGS-BYAN-BA. hE ACTED AS HEAD COOK (~A-DPON) 
         DUR-iNG SpYAN-SNA kUN-SPANS-PA'S TENURE/ BUT ThEN ~ED TO 
  (125a) HHU-BAT AND PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON. hE MET ThE BkA'-BZ-i-PA
         nAM-MKHA' 'OD-ZER AND OThERS/ AND OBTA-iNED FROM ThEM 
         MANY PRCCEPTS. hE SPENT (W-iTh nAM-MKHA' 'OD-ZET) TWO 
         TERMS (WH-iLE ThE D-iSC-iPLES HAD GONE TO HERM-iTAGES. 
         iN ANC-iENT t-iBET A R-i-ThEBS MEANT A TERM OF RES-iDENCE -iN A 
         SOL-iTARY PLACE. oNE ?R-iW-ThEBWS CORRESPONDED TO BThREE DAYS/ 
         ThREE MONThS/ ThREE YEARS)/ AND AFTER RETURN-iNG/ SPENT ABOUT 
         12 YEARS (LO-SKORâŠCYCLE OF 12 YEARS) ~T DgON r-iN-CHEN-GL-iN. 
         aBOUT ThAT T-iME A YOG-iC -iNS-iGHT WAS BORN -iN H-iM. lATER/ HE 
         SPENT A CONS-iDERABLE T-iME AT kHA-RAG/ AND BECAME KNOWN AS 
         kHA-RAG-PA. aFTER ThAT HE TOOK UP RES-iDENCE AT GdAN-SA 
         tHEL/ AND LOOKED AFTER ThE WELFARE OF OThERS. hE PASSED  
         AWAY AT ThE AGE OF 86 -iN ThE YEAR iRON-sHEEP (iCAGS-LUG- 
                                                                          p.688
         (    a.d.). mA-BDUN-PA/ EQUAL -iN MERCY TO RgOD-TShAN-
         A H-iMSELF (SR-i-iN-R~E-TAN-DAN-MNAM-PA)/ WAS ALSO CALLED MdO- 
         BO-C?LE-PA. nE-R-iNS-PA/ WHO WAS EQUAL -iN V-iS-iON TO TgOD- 
         TShAN-PA H-iMSELF (DAG-SNAN-RAN-MR-iAM-PA)H H-iS FOREFAThERS 
         CAME FROM ThE EASTERN V-iLLAGE OF ~R-R-i. SkY-i-STON CHOS~GRAGS 
         BECAME A D-iSC-iPLE OF RgYA 'a-MA-CAN AT ~HHU-M-iG R-iN-MO/ AND 
         L-iVED FOR ?W1 ?W1W5 YEARS. h-iS SON SmAN-TShA-'BAR BECAME A 
         D-iSC-iPLE OF MgO-BYA-TShA AT mYAN-PO/ AND FOUNDED ThE 
         TEMPLE OF idUM-RA. hE D-iED EARLY. h-iS SON lHA-R~E pHAN-PA 
         b?WL-RAG WAS A D-iSC-iPLE OF SL ON-SKYA. tHE F-iVE SONS CALLED ThE 
         Pâ‹~ bROThERS mEN-TShA"H SgRUB-PA ~-iG-PO OF bYA-TShAN WAS ThE 
         F-iFTh OF ThEM. tHE ELDEST OF ThE F-iVE DBuG-GTSO-BAR-SD-iNS-PA 
         HAD A SON CALLED ~-i-MA RGYAL-MTShAN. hE MET ThE pAN-CHEN 
         (~ALKYASRBHADTA) -iN H-iS CH-iLDHOOD. nE R-iNS WAS ThE SEVENTh 
         OF H-iS SEVEN ~ONS. h-iS NAME WAS BdE-LEGS RGYAL-MTShAN/ 
         AND HE WAS BORN -iN ThE Y~AR wOOD-fEMALE-hEN (S-iN-MO- 
         BYA⊠1225 a.d.). aT ThE AGE OF 2/ HE HEARD ThE PRECEPTS 
         FROM RgOD-TShAN-PA/ AND PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON FROM ThE YEAR 
         f-iRE-mALE-hORSE (ME-PHO-RTA⊠1~46 a.d.). hE FOUNDED ThE 
         MONASTERY OF nE-R-iNS -iN ThE YEAR ?eARTh-fEMALE-sHEEWLW) (SA-MO- 
         LUG⊠1259 a.d.)/ WH-iCH FOLLOWED ThE DEATh OF RgOD-TShAN- 
         PA. 23 YEARS AFTER Th-iS/ HE PASSED AWAY AT ThE AGE OF 57/ 
         -iN ThE YEAR iRON-fEMALE-sERPENT (LCAGS-MO-SBRULâŠ--1281 a.d.). 
         hE WAS RECOGN-iZED AS A REB-iRTh OF mA-iTR-i-PA AND LOG-PO 
         SmYON-PA. tHE cHAPTER ON RgOD-TShAN-PA AND H-iS D-iSC-iPLES. 
  (125B) RgYAL-BA yAN-DGON-PA/ A D-iSC-iPLE OF RgYAL-BA RgOD-TShAN-
         PAH H-iS N;?WLTQ-iã±VE PLACE WAS DgON-PA lHA-GDON -iN sOUThERN
         lA-STOD (GtS~). hE BELONGED TO A FAM-iLY -iN WH-iCH MANY 
         R?L-iN-MA-PA S-iDDHAS APPEARED -iN SUCCESS-iON. aMONG ThEM 
         ThERE WAS A MED-iTAT-iVE S-iDDHA dAR-NA BY NAME/ WHO HAD 
         MED-iTAT-iVE FOR 60 YEARS W-iThOUT A BREAK. h-iS YOUNGER BROThER 
         ~O-BSAM POSSESSED GREAT KOOWLEDGE OF tANTR-iC L-iTERATURE AND 
         SPENT DAY AND N-iGHT -iN ThE PRACT-iCE OF MED-iTAT-iON. tO H-iM 
         AND MOThER cHOS-MThON. ThE YOGH~ BOY (yAN-DGON-PA) 
         BORN -iN ThE YEAR wATER-fEMALE-hEN (CHU-MO~BYA 
         a.d.). hE BELONGED TO ThE StO-iL CLAN. wH-iLE ST-iLL 
                                                                          p.689 
         -iN H-iS MOThER'S WOMB/ ThE MOThER SAW MANY WONDA~UL 
         DREAMS AND S-iGNS/ SUCH AS ThE APPEARANCE OF TWO SUNS/ ETC. 
         a NATURAL STATE OF MENTAL CONCENTRAT-iON WAS PRODUCED -iN H-iM. 
         sOON AFTER H-iS B-iRTh/ HE UTTERED ThE WORDSH L TAKE 
         REFUGE!" tHERE WAS NO NEED FOT H-iM TO STUDY READ-iNG AND 
         WR-iT-iNG. aS SOON AS HE HAD LEARNT TO SPEAK. HE BEGAN TO 
         ADMON-iSh ALL ThOSE WHO STAYED AROUND H-iM/ BEG-iNN-iNG W-iTh 
         H-iS MOThER/ TO ENTER REL-iG-iON. iN Th-iS MANNER/ SOON AFTER H-iS 
         B-iRTh/ HE BECAME ThE mASTER OF l-iV-iNG bE-iNGS (A QUOTAT-iON 
         FROM ThE mAâ¤JUSRâŒ-NAMA-SANGâŒT-i). tHE FAThER HAD D-iED BEFORE 
         ThE BOY'S B-iRTh. bEFORE H-iS DEATh/ HE SA-iDH "tH-iS ONE W-iLL
         BE AN -iNCARNAT-iON ! hE ShOULD BE NAMED GdUN-SO~'BAR. 
         i ShALL PTOCEED TO ANOThER PLACE TO LABOUR FOR ThE WELFARE OF
         L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS." hE D-iED AT ThE AGE OF 75. 
            bY REASON OF Th-iS/ ThE BOY USED TO S-iNGH "i/ 'bAR-BA/ ThE 
         6 FT. L-iTTLE MAN OF -iLLUS-iON (mAYA). "aT ThE AGE OF 5/ HE 
         UTTERCD MANY PSALMS OF BENEF-iT TO OThERS/ AND -iT BECAME 
         KNOWN ThROUGHOUT ThE WHOLE COUNTRY ThAT AN -iNCARNAT-iON 
         (N-iRMANA-KAYA) HAD APPEARED. aBOUT ThAT T-iME/ ONE KNOWN 
         AS sANS-RGYAS m-i-BSKYOD RDO-RJE CAME AS A BEGGER/ BUT NO 
         ONE RECOGN-iZED H-iM. tHE pREC-iOUS oNE WAS HOWEVER RECOG- 
         N-iZED BY ThE CH-iLD/ WHO CL-iMBED ON H-iS LAP. tHE pREC-iOUS 
         oNE WAS PLEASED/ AND H-iS M-iND CONCENTRAT-iON WAS GREATLY 
         STRENGThENED. sANS-RGYAS m-i-BSKYOD RDO-RJE SA-iDH "wHEN 
         i WAS WANDER-iNG ThROUGH ThE FOUR D-iSTR-iCTS OF lA-SLOD/ ONLY A 
         SMALL BOY OF F-iVE RECOGN-iZED ME." hE ALSO REPEATED SEVERAL 
         T-iMESH "i HAVE A SON WHO -iS ABLE TO RECOGN-iZE H-iS FAThER. 
  (126A) i AM GO-iNG TO MEET H-iM." lATER/ WHEN sANS-RGYAS m-i-
         BSKYOD RDO-RJE CAME ThETE/ HE MET ThE pREC-iOUS oNE/ AND 
         SA-iD TO H-iMH "SRAS (sON OF A tEACHER)! s-iNG A SONG"/ AND 
         yAN-DGON-P?W? SANGH "sALUTAT-iON TO ThE lORD BlA-MA! i/ 
         'bAR-BA/ ThE L-iTTLE MAN OF -iLLUS-iON (mâƒYA) HAVE AWAKENED ThE 
         EWL@#CTS OF FORMER ACT-iONS. tHE tEACHER'S BLESS-iNG ENTERED 
         -iNTO ME. mY ThEORY (iTA-BA) -iS FREE FROM AFF-iRMAT-iON (GZA'- 
         GTAD). mY MED-iTAT-iON -iS FREE FROM OBJECTS. mY ACT-iONS ARE 
         FREE FROM ASSERT-iONS AND OBJECT-iONS. mY GOAL -iS FREE FROM 
                                                                          p.690
         HOPE AND ANX-iETY/ ETC. tHE (BLA-MA) WAS PLEASED/ AND HAV-iNG 
         JO-iNED ThE PALMS OF H-iS HANDS/ SA-iDH "tH-iS BOY HAS -iNDEED 
         T-iGHTENED ThE BELT OF ThE gREAT aCH-iEVEMENT ! sON OF kUN-  
         BZANS! tAKE REFUGE -iN Th-iS MAN-iFESTAT-iON OF ThE bUDDHA"/ 
         AND SAY-iNG SO/ HE ShED TEARS. aBOUT ThAT T-iME yAN-DGON-PA 
         HEATD FROM H-iM ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE K-iDDEN SCR-iPTURES (GTER- 
         KHA) OF M~A'-BDAG mYAN AND ThE -i-BYED DOCTR-iNE. aT ThE 
         AGE OF S-iX/ HC (yAN-DGON-PA) PTOCEEDED TO pHUL-DMAR-BA/ AND 
         HEARD FROM H-iM ThE SgYU-'PHRUL -iN-iT-iAT-iON/ ThE tANTRA OF ThE 
         gREAT aCH-iEVEMENT (RdZOGS-CHEN-GY-i RGYUD) TOGEThER W-iTh 
         PRECEPTS/ ThE PRECEPTS OF ThE BkA'-GDAMS-PAS/ ThE -i-BYED 
         SYSTEM/ ThE G~OD-YUL/ ThE ESSENCE OF ThE pATh & fRU-iT 
         dOCTR-iNE (lAM-'BRAS). TOGEThER W-iTh -iTS PRECEPTS AND COMMEN- 
         TAR-iES. hE STAYED FOT ThREE YEARS W-iTh pHUL-DMAR-BA. aT 
         ThE AGE OF 9/ HE BECAME ABBOT OF lHA-GDON. fROM CH-iLDHOOD 
         HE POSSESSED ThE FACULTY OF PRESC-iENCE. hE MASTERED ThE  
         COMPLETE dOCTR-iNES OF ALL ThE TEACHERS WHOM HE HAD FOLLOWED 
         -iN Th-iS L-iFE/ NAMELY ThE BLA-MA kO-BRAG-PA/ RgOD-TShAN-PA/ 
         sA-SKYA PAN-CHEN/ R~E SpYAN-SNA/ sANS.RGYAS RAS CHE/ ThE 
         BLA-MA dROD-CHUN-PA/ AND OThERS. aS A CH-iLD OF N-iNE YEARS/ 
         HE USED TO LECTURE TO ThE CONGREGAT-iON/ AND BESTOWED 
         -iNSTRUCT-iONS ON OThERS. aT ThE AGE OF 22/ HE RECE-iVED 
         ThE F-iNAL MONAST-iC VOWS -iN ThE PRESENCE OF A CONGREGAT-iON 
         OF 80 ASS-iSTANT-MONKS (LAS-GRAL-BA~/ ~HE UPADHYAYA lHA- 
         BTSUN sOGS-KHA-PA/ ThE KARMA-ACARYA kO-BRAG-PA AND ThE 
         sECRET pRECEPTOR dROB-CHUNQ/ ã±AND RECE-iVED ThE NAME OF 
         RgYA~-MTShAN-DPAL. lATET/ HE FOUNDED ThE MONASTERY  
         OF ~R-i-R-i GnAM-SD-iNS. fOR ONE YEAR HE SAT -iN ThE VAJRA- 
  (126B) PARYANKA POSTURE TO ShOW AN EXAMPLE TO OThERS. hE
         EXPOUNDED CONT-iNUOUSLY ThE dOCTR-iNE AT bU-LE/ AND OThER 
         PLACES. iN GENERAL/ BECAUSE OF H-iS GREAT FAME/ OVER ?W10/000 
         D-iSC?WLPLES GAThERED ROUND H-iM FRON?WL ALL QUARTERS. oN ThE 
         REQUEST OF H-iS D-iSC-iPLES/ HE COMPOSED NUMEROUS BOOKS/ SUCH 
         AS ThE r-i-CHOS SKOR-GSUM (ThE tHREE CLASSES OF ThE "hERM-iT" 
         dOCTR-iNE)/ AND ThE "s-iX mOThERS" (mA-DRUG). aT ThE AGE OF 
         46 -iN ThE YEAR eARTh-mALE-hORSE (SA-PHO-RTA⊠1258 a.d.) HE 
                                                                          p.691 
         PROCEEDED TO bAR-'BROG. tHEN AT L~HAGS-NUR HE ShOWED S-i~NS 
         OF BE-iNG UNWELL. hAV-iNG BEEN -iNV-iTED TO ~T-i-R-iQ/ ã±HE PASSED 
         AWAY ON A CERTA-iN ?WiGTh DAY. h-iS D-iSC-iPLES WERE ENDOWED 
         W-iTh YOG-iC -iNS-iGHT (RTOGS-PA)/ AND AMONG ThEM ThERE WERE 
         MANY ADEPTS (SADHAKAS) WHO HAD RENOUNCED ThE wORLD/ BUT 
         ThE CH-iEF AMONG ThEM WERE SpYAN-SNA r-iN-CHEN-LDAN/ WHO 
         FROM H-iS EARLY CH-iLDHOOD BECAME H-iS D-iSC-iPLE/ AND NEVER 
         SEPARATED FROM H-iM/ AND LATER HE BECAME ThE GAThER~R OF H-iS 
         TEACH-iNGS/ AND lO-RAS cHOS-SKYON-DPAL/ WHO WAS EXPERT -iN 
         ThE RTSA-RLUN PRACT-iCE (YOG-iC BREATh-CONTROL).
            h-iS D-iSC-iPLE SpYAN-SNA r-iN-CHEN LDANaH HE WAS BORN -iN ThE 
         YEAT wATER-mALE-dOG (CHU-PHO-KHY-iâŠ~202 .a.d.)/ AS SON 
         OF FORTUNATE PARENTS AT L}-iN-R-i. hE WAS OLDER ThAN yAR;- 
         DGON PA BY ELEVEN YEARS. wHEN HE WAS S-iX/ HE V-iS-iRED ThE 
         kA-RU CA-iTYA O~ GlA-'KHOR AND OThER PLACES. s-iNCE ThEN HE 
         DEVELOPED A STRONG D-iSGUST TOWARDS ThE wORLD/ AND A DES-iRE 
         TO FOLLOW ThE REL-iG-iOUS PATh WAS BORN -iN H-iM BY -iTSELF. 
         oNCE HE WAS TOLD BY SOME H-iLLMEN (R-i-PA) ThAT AN EXTRAOR- 
         D-iNARY -iNCARNAT-iON WAS L-iV-iNG AT lHA-GDON/ AND FA-iTh WAS 
         BORN -iN H-iM. lATER/ AT ThE AGE OF ?W5/ HE MET lHA-GDON-PA 
         WHO WAS RES-iD-iNG AT d-iR;-R-i/ AND A STRONG REVERENCE (TOWARDS 
         H-iM) WAS BORN -iN H-iM. aN EL~ORTLESS M-iND CONCENTRAT-iON WAS 
         ALSO PRODUCED -iN H-iM. hE REQUESTED ThAT HE M-iGHT BE G-iVEN 
         AN -iNTRODUCT-iON TO ThE dOCTR-iNE/ AND HEARD ThE EXPOS-iT-iON O~ 
         ThE BlA-...A-I RNAL-'BYOR AND ThE pHYAG-RGYA CHEN-PO Y-i-GE 
         BZ-i-PA. hE STUD-iED WR-iT-iNG AND READ-iNG W-iTh FAThER ~O-STON- 
         PA/ AND STUD-iED EXTENS-iVELY. aT ThE AGE OF ?W1 ?WL/ HE CAME TO 
  (127A) lHA-GDON-PA cHOS-RE kO-BRAG-PA/ MET H-iM/ AND A GREAT
         REVERENCE WAS PRODUCED -iN H-iM. tHE dHARMASVAM-iN TOLD 
         H-iMH '~LF YOU WANT TO FOLLOW ME/ YOU MAY DO SO!" hE 
         ATTENDED ON ThE dHARMASVAM-iN W-iThOUT M-iSS-iNG EVEN A S-iNGLE 
         DAY FOR ?W3W5 YEATS T-iLL ThE LATTER'S DEATh/ AND BECAME KNOWN 
         AS SpYAN-SR;A-BA (ThE "aTTENDANT"). hE ALSO HEARD FROM H-iM 
         ThE "oiD" AND "nEW" -iN-iT-iAT-iONS/ WHATEVER WERE KNOWN TO 
         H-iM. hE ALSO OBTA-iNED MANY -iNSTRUCT-iONS -iN ThE dOCTR-iNE 
         FROM kO-BRAG-PA. hE ALSO HEARD ThE COMPLETE 'bRUG SYSTEM
                                                                          p.692
         FROM RgOD-TShAN-PA. hE OBTA-iNED ThE sA-SKYA DOCTR-iNE FROM
         sA-PAN (sA-SKYA PAND-iTA kUN-DGA' RGYAL-MTShAN)/ AND ThE
         SYSTEM OF 'bR-i-KHUN-PA FROM ThE lORD SpYAN-SNA. hE FURThER
         HEARD H-iDDEN PRECEPTS ~ROM EVERY GOOD BLA-MA HE HAPPENED
         TO MEET. hE HO-iSTED ThE BANNER OF MED-iTAT-iON/ AND ThC
         YOG-iC -iNS-iGHT OF ThE uLT-iMATE sTATE ShONE -iN H-iM. lATER/ HE
         TOOK UP RES-iDENCE AT d-iN.R-i/ AND PREACHED TO NUMEROUS
         STUDENTS. hE HAD MANY D-iSC-iPLES POSSESS-iNG YOG-iC -iNS-iGHT/
         SUCH AS zUR-PHAG-PA/ ThE S-iDDHA ~;L-i-MA-MGON/ AND OThERS.
         zU-PHUG-PA'S D-iSC-iPLE/ ThE dHARMASVAM-iN 'bA'-RA-BA/ WHO
         WAS VERY FAMOUS/ WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR iRON-mALE-dOG (iCAGS-
         PHO-KHY-i--L310 a.d.) WH-iCH -iS ThE S2ND YEAR AFTER ThC
         PASS-iNG AWAY OF yAN-DGON-PA/ AS SON OF AN -iMPORTANT MAN
         NAMED DBoN-'BUM/ A NAT-iVE OF ~HHAB-LUN OF ~ANS. iN H-iS
         YO~LTh HE WORKED AS COOK (GSOL-~A-BA) FOR ThE dHARMASVAM-iN
         BsOD-NAMS RGYAL-MTShAN/ AND DUR-iNG ThAT T-iME A STRONG
         AVERS-iON TOWARDS T~E wORLD APPEARED -iN H-iM. hE OBTA-iNED
         -iNSTRUCT-iONS FROM MANY TEACHERS/ SUCH AS SgRO-MON-CAN-PA
         AND OThERS/ AND A REAL KNOWLEDGC WAS PRODUCED -iN H-iM.
         lATER/ HE HEARD H-iDDEN PRECEPTS FROM zUR-PHUG-PA/ ~UG-GSAB
         R-i-PA/ AND OThERS. hE MED-iTATCD/ W-iTh AN -iNTENSE D-iL-iGENCE/
         AND H-iS YOG-iC -iNS-iGHT BECAMC DEEP. hE FOUNDED ThE MONAS-
         TERY OF 'bA'-R-i. tHEN HE PROCEEDED TOWARDS SpA GRO AND
         PERFORMED MANY WORKS. hAV-iNG AGA-iN COME TO ~ANS/ HE
  (127B) LABOURED ThERE FOR A CONS-iDERABLE T-iME FOR ThE BENEF-iT OF L-iV-iNG
         BE-iNGS. tHEN ~GA-iN HE PROCEEDED TO SpA-GRO/ AND PASSED
         AWAY AT ThE AGE OF 82/ -iN ThE YEAR iRON-fEMALE-sHEEP (iCAGS-
         MO-LUG--139i a.d.). zUR-PHUG PA'S D-iSC-iPLE r-i-PA G~ON-NU
         RGYAL-MTShAN WAS BOTN -iN ThE YEAT iRON-fEMALE-hOG (iCAGS-T~
         PHAG--i 3 1 1 a.d .)/ AND PASSED AWAY AT ThE AGE OF 80. 'bA'-
         RA-BA'S D-iSC-iPLE WAS ONE KNOWN AS GtSAN-PA BlO-GROS
         BZAN-PO- BA. hE WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR iRON-mALE-mOUSC
         (iCAGS-MO-BY-i-BA--1360 a. d.) AT bY-iN-PHAG OF 'oN.
         iN CH-iLDHOOD/ WHEN H-iS FAThER RES-iDED AT r-iN-SPUNS/ HE
         ~OLLOWED AFTER H-iM/ AND ACTED AS HOUSE-KEEPER (KHAN-GNER) TO
         r-iN-SPUNS-PA. a ~REAT DEVOT-iON TOWARDS ThE dOCTR-iNE WAS
                                                                          p.693
         PRODUCED -iN H-iM/ AND HE BECAME A D-iSC-iPLE OF ThE BLA-MA
         cHOS DBY-iNS-PA. sOON AFTCR ThAT/ HE BECAME A D-iSC-iPLE OF ThE
         dHARMASVAM-iN 'bA'-RA-BA. hE OBTA-iNED MANY PRECEPTS AND
         PRACT-iSED ThEM. hE ALSO HEARD PRECEPTS- FROM NUMBERLESS
         (OThER) TEACHERS. bECAUSE OF Th-iS HE BECAME KNOWN AS ThE
         ~pOSSESSOR OF 18~ D-iFFERENT PRECEPTS TO GU-iDE D-iSC-iPLES." hE
         PROCEEDED TO gANS t-i-SE (kA-iLASA) AND STAYED ThERE. iN SEARCH
         OF ThE dOCTR-iNE/ HE V-iS-iTED ThE K-iNGDOM OF L~AM-BE (cAMPA)
         -iN wESTERN iND-iA. hE ALSO V-iS-iTED s-i-i~-G-i-R-i (A PLACE BEL-iEVED
         TO HAVE BEEN S-iTUAsED -iN kA~MARUPA (aSSAM) -iN eASTERN iND-iA.
         aCCORD-iNG TO A GENERAL BEL-iEF nAGABUDDH-i/ A GREAT S-iDDHA/
         AND m-iTRAYOG-iN WERE ST-iLL AL-iVE/ RES-iD-iNG ThERE. tSON-KHA-PA
         ON ThE COMPLET-iON OF H-iS STUD-iES/ ALSO -iNTENDED TO GO ThERE TO
         D-iSCUSS W-iTh nAGABUDDH-i SOME D-iFF-iCULT PO-iNTS -iN ThE gUHYA-
         SAMAJA/ BUT WHEN HE HAD REACHED lHO-BRAG -iN t-iBET/ A S-iDDHA
         NAMED lAS-KY-i RDO-R~E D-iSSUADED H-iM FR<~M GOMG ThERE). hE
         SPENT SEVETAL YEARS -iN sOUTh lA-STOD (GtSAN)/ AND s-i-TU ~HHOS-
         R-iN ACTED AS H-iS SUPPORTER. lATER/ HE TOOK UP RES-iDENCE AT
         SkY-i SOD lHA-SA/ SpAN-PO-KHA/ AND idAN-RDZON. aFTER ThAT
         HE PROCEEDED TOWARDS GyOR/ ã¹ AND AN -iMPORTANT OF F-iC-iAL NAMED
         DgE-BSNEN-PA OF yAR-TGYAL ACCEPTED H-iM AS H-iS TEACHER.
         iN Th-iS MANNER HE LABOUTED EXTENS-iVELY FOR ThE WELFARE OF
         L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS ThROUGHOUT ThE UPPER AND LOWER VALLEYS (OF ThE
         REG-iON)/ AND PASSED AWAY AT ThE AGE OF 64' -iN ThE YEAR wATER-
         fEMALE-hARE (CHU-MO-YOS--1423 a. d.)/ AT ThE MONASTERY OF
         'bRUG -iN gRA-PHY-i. h-iS D-iSC-iPLES WEfE RgOD-PHRUG ~HOS-R~E/
         MkHAN-CHEN sAKYA GRAGS-PA/ AND OThERS. fURThER/ GtSAR;-PA
         RgYA-RAS' D-iSC-iPLC GyA'-RAS/ H-iS D-iSC-iPLE /BdE-MCHOG SANS-RGYAS/
         ThE LATTER'S D-iSC-iPLC RdZ~-R-iNS-PA sES-RAB-DPAL/ ThE LATTET'S
         D-iSC-iPLE RkYAN-CHEN RAS-PA G~ON-NU BSOD-NAMS/ H-iS D-iSC-iPLE
         DBoN-PO DbAN-PHYUG GZON-NU/ H-iS D-iSC-iPLE MkHAS-BTSUN
  (128A) dON-GRUB GZON-NU/ H-iS D-iSC-iPLE ThE dHARMASVAM-iN ~ES-RAB-
         DPAL. tHE LATTET WAS A NEPHEW OF RkYAR;-CHEN SPRUL-SKU.
         wH-iLE HE WAS -iN ThE SCRV-iCE OF RkYAN-CHEN NAN-SO/ HE USED TO
         Th-iNKH "i ShOULD PRACT-iSE REL-iG-iON/ Th-iS PRESENT WORK DOES NOT
         SU-iT ME." hE OBTA-iNED PRECEPTS FROM ThE n-iRMANA-KAYA
                                                                          p.694
         (RkYAN-~HEN SPRUL-SKU). hE MED-iTATED AT kHYAG-PA DKAR-MO
         OF ThE uPPER MOUNTA-iN VALLEY/ h-iS ELDER BROThER DBoN-PO
         r-iN-GRUB USED TO SEND PTOV-iS-iONS TO H-iM. oNCE/ WHEN H-iS
         PROV-iS-iONS HAD COME TO AN ERUL~ HE H-iR~SELF PROCEEDED TO
         RkYAN-CHEN TO BR-iNG ThEM. DBoN-PO r-iN-G~UB SA-iD ~a
         MAN HAS GONE TO TAKE PROV-iS-iONS TO YOU~ d-iDL'T YOU
         MEET H-iM ON DLE WAY?" hE RETURNED/ BUT NO ONE HAD COME
         ThERE (HE ThUS FOUND OUT ThAT H-iS ELDER BROThER HAD DECL-iNED
         H-iM). hE ThOUGHTH ~L ShALL NOT E~CPECT ANY HELP FROM YOU!"
         aCT-iNG AECORD-iNGLY HE PROCEEDED ON A ROUND OF COUNTT-iES.
         aT yAB HE MET ThE SKYES-MCHOG (PURUSOTTAMA) BsAM-GTAN
         DPALBA. wH-iLE ThE LATTER WAS PREACH-iNG ThE dOCTR-iNE/ HE SAT
         BES-iDE H-iS SEAT. tHEN ThE PURUSOTTAMA PULLED H-iS HA-iR/ AND
         L-iFTED H-iS EYES SKY-WARDS/ hE AL50 LOOKED UP/ AND SAW dAM-
         PA sANS-RGYAS SURROUNDED BJ GTEAT SPLENDOUR; iN' Th-iS M-iNNER
         HE L-iSTENED TO H-iDDEN PR~CEPTS FROM SkYES-MCHOG-PA AND
         S~ON-PO yON-RDOR BA. hAVMG GONE TO lHALU-i-i HE OBTA-iNED
         -iNSTRUCT-iONS -iN ThE dOCTR-iNE FTOM r-iG-PA-I 'BRUG-SGTA. aFTER
         ThAT HE PROCEET~D TOWARDS kON-PO/ AND OBTA-iNED PRECEPTS
         FROM ThE dHARMASVAM-iN MkHA'-SPYOD PA AND ATTENDED ON
         H-iM DUT-iNG ThE LATTER'S JOURNEY TO SpO-BO. hE OBTA-iN~D PRE-
         CEPTS FROM MANY TEACHERS. aFTER DLAT HE PRACT-iSED MED-iT;?T-iON
         ON. ThE SUMM-iT OF ThE gYUR-DMAT MOUNTA-iN OF G~UN. hE
         SPENT A CONS-iDERABLE T-iME AT RdZA-SPO/ AND BECAME KNOWN AS
         ThE dHATMASVAM-iN TdZA-SPO-BA. aFTER ThAT HE PROCEE~ED
         TO SOME HOT SPR-iNGS/ AND STAYED -iN A HOUSE W-iTh
         A MAN-i-WHEEL. hE SPENT SOME T-iME -iN A HOUSE -iN ThE
         V-iC-iN-i~Y OF -ThE HOT-SPR-iNGS. hE MAD~ A W-iNDOW/ ANT
         ShOWED H-iS FACE TO ALL/ GTEAT AND LOW/ AND D-iSTT-iBUTED TO
         ThEM A SOTT OF CUTTY MADE OF M~TTLES M-iX~D W-iTh OThER
         -iNGTED-iENTS/ -iNCLUD-iNG H-iS UR-iNE AND EXCREMENTS. ^ h-iS
         L-iFE WAS LONG. aLL PRESENTS/ WH-iCH HE RECE-iVED/ HE UXD
  (128B) TO OFFER TO ThE CONGREGAT-iON AND WAS KNOWN AS A GREAT
         MAHAS-iTDHA. h-iS D-iSC-iPLES KNOWN AS lHA-T-i-KHA-PA ~HOS-R~E
         nAM-MKHA' BZAN-PO AND gRA-PHU-BA SkYES-MCHOG S~ONLAM-
         PA OBTA-iNED (ThE-iT) YOG-iC -iNS-iGHE FTOM ThE dHATMASVAM-iN ~E~
                                                                          p.695
         RAB DPAL~PA. tHERE WERE MANY OThER TEACHERS WHO HAD
         OBTA-iNED -iNTROTUCT-iONS TO ThE dOCTR-iNE FROM H-iM. tHE
         dHARMASVATN-iN sES-RAB DPAL-BA SA-iD TO H-iMH ~d-iSTR-iBUTE ThC
         GOLD WH-iCB HAS BEEN FOUND AMONG ThE PROPERTY O~ YOUR
         DEC~ASED ELDET BROThER/ TO EVERY BEGGAR WHO HAD- COME TO dOL
         MDA' ON ThAT DAY/ G-iV-iNG EACH FOUR P-iECE~. 'RHE REMA-iN-iNG
         LARGC QUANT-iTY OF GOLD YOU ShOULD CON~REY TO n~MKHA'
         BZAN-PO/ pRESENT A P-iECE TO EVCRY MED-iTAT-i~C ASCCT-iC! -iN NEED
         OF PRO~-iS-iONS! TO ENABLE H-iM TO CARRY ON W-iTh H-iS MED-iT~DON/
         AND TO TWDENTS OF PH-iLOSOPHY/ -iN NEED OF PROV-iS-iONS. aLSO
         PRESENT GOLD TO GOOD 6~A-MAS/ REGARDLESS OF ThE-iR LARGE
         -iNCOMES.-I hC D-iD AS BE WAS OFDER~D/ AND PR~SENTED GOLD TO
         TEAC~ERS FRdM SkY-i-SOD AS FAR AS s~-SKYA/ AND OBTA-iNCD PRCCEPTS
         FTOM ThCM. h-iS tE?CHET'S PRCCEPTS WCTE ~ERY NUME-
         TOUS. HT F-iRST ThE dHATMASVATN-iN nAM-MKH~' 6Z~N-PO-B~
         FOUND~ GlAN-LUN. lATET/ HE OCCUP-iED ThE CHA-iR OF (H-iS)
         tEAC~T ~T ~AB-TShAN-KHA (ThE ~hOT sPR-iNG"). SkYCS-
         MCHO~P FOUNDED mU-T-iG. bOTh PREACHED TO NUMAOUS
         D-iX-i~HO HAD COME -iN SEATCH OF ThC dOCTR-iN~. tHEY
         ESQL~L-i~D ThE 'bRUG-PA DOCTR-iNE FEOM lHO-BRAG AS F~R ~5
         GyAR/ ~ND ThE ADJO-iN-iNG NOMAD COUNTRY.
         yAN-DGON.PA'S D-iTECT D-iSC-iPLE RH~ ~SCET-iC KNO~WN
         AS r-iN-i~HC RgYAL-MTShAN-'BUMH H-iS NAT-iVC PLACE ~ WAS
         lA~OD. iRL H-iS CH-iLDHOOD HC MCT yAN-DGON-PA/ HAD FA-iTh -iN-
         H-iM/ AND TOOK UP ORD-iNAT-iON. aT ThE AGE OF 16/ AN UNDER-
         SUND-iNG OF ThE '~gREAT sEAL" (mAHAMUDTA) WAS BORN -iN L~-iM.
         lATER/ HE FOLLOWED ON ThE MAHAS-iDDHA u-RGYAN-PA AND OThERS
         h~ HO-iSTED SUCCESSFULLY ThE BANNER OF MED-iTAT-iON. h-iS D-iSC-iPLE
         WAS sES-R-iB RNGON-PO OF lA-STOD. hE BDONGED TO ThE GyUN
         CLAN. hE W~S BORN AT ThE MONASTERY OF lHA-GDON O~ âœAThCR
         sANS~TGY~DCYAB~ AND MOThET mYAN-MO Dp~i-LDAN-'BUM.
         aT ThE AGE OF 4/ HE TOOK UP ThE UPASAKA VOWS -iN EBE PCESENCE
         O~ DgON~ / WORE ThE YELLOW GARB/ LEARNT ThC ALPHAB@#
         AND STUD;ED CE~EMON-iES FROM ThE BLA-MA TgYAL-MTShAN-'BUM
         AND OTBERS. aT ThE AGE O~ 1 7/ HE BECAME~ A D-iSC-iPK OF lHA-
         GDON-PA ~ND WA~ G-iVCN ThC NAME O~     MGON-PO. aT
                                                                          p.696
         ThE AGE OF ~9/ HE TOOK UP ThE F-iNAL MONAST-iC OTD-iN?T-iON FROM
         zUR-PHUG-PA AND ThE MAHA-~LPADHYAYA BsOD-GZON-PA. hE
         STUD-iED M~CH UNDER ThE BLA-MA sANS-RGYAS-DBON/ zUR-PHUG-PA/
         ThE MAHA-UPADHYAYA (MKHAN-CHEN) ~HOS-SD-iNS-PA/ dROD-CHUN-
         BA/ ThE BLA-MA r-iN-CHEN-MGON/ ThE BLA-MA dAR-BZAN/ MkHAS-
         GRUB KHRA-PA/ ThE SPRUL-SKU gRUB-CHEN-PA/ MkHAS-BTSUN
         BsOD-NAMS 'OD-ZER/ GTUB-ThOB 'dAM-Z-iG/ ThE BLA-MA r-iN-CHEN
         RDZOGS-PA/ TL~E BLA-MA sE~RAB-DAR/ ThE BLA-MA SpAN-DKAR-BA/
         RtOG~LDAN nA-KHRA-BA/ AND RtOGS-LDAN sAG-SAN. hE SPENT
         -iMMURED SEVEN YEARS AT ~T;-R-i (NEAR sEL-DKAR) AND ThE BENEF-iT
         WAS GREAT/ ThOUGH HE HAD BEEN ENDOWED W-iTh A YOG-iC -iNS-iGHT
         FROM ThE AGE OF 17. tH-iS GREAT ASCET-iC PROCEEDED TOWARDS
         DBuS/ AND FOLLOWED ON MANY TEACLLERS/ SUCH AS ThE kAR-MA-PA
         H-iERARCH rAN-BYUN RD~R~E/ r-iG-'DZ-iN GZON-NU RGYAL-PO
         (kUMARARAJA/ A FAMOUS R~-iN-MA BLA-MA)/ AND OTKETS. hE STAYED
         AT ~AMBU/ GsALR~E-GANS AND OThER HERM-iTAGES. hE LABOURED
         EXTENS-iVELY FOT ThE WELFARE OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS AS FAR AS kON-PO.
         BlA-CHEN r-iN-GZON-PA BECARNE H-iS D-iSC-iPLE. hE COMPOSED
         ALSO ThE L-iFE-STORY OF ThEBkA'-BRGYUD-PA T~ACHERS/ AS WELL
         AS COMPOSED SEVERAL USE~UL BOOKS. hE BECAME VETY FAMOUS.
         h-iS ACCOMPL-iShMENTS CAN BE LEARNT ~ROM H-iS DETA-iLED B-iOGRA-
         PHY. tHE cHAPTER ON ThE ~uPPER" 'bRUG SECT (StOD-'BRUG~.
         DpAL RgOD-TShAN-PA'S SP-iR-iTUAL SON WAS ThE MAHA-S-iDDHA u-
         RGYAN-PA. h-iS FAM-iLY L-iNEAGEH aT jByAR-MO-ThAN OF aMDO
         (Md~SMAD-i DByAR-MO-ThAN=MTShO S~ON-PO) ThERE WAS ONE
         bYAN-CHUB GZON-NU OF RgYU-SA. hE WAS A D-iRECT D-iSC-iPLE OF ThE
         ACARYA pADMA/ AND WAS ThE CLLAPLA-iN OF K-iNG kHR-i-SRON iDE-BTSAN.
  (129B) h-iS SON WAS bYAN-CHUB-MCHOG. h-iS SON--bYAN-CHUB YON-TAN.
         tHE LATTER HAD TWO SONSH bYAN-CHUB RGYA-MTShO AND ~HOS-KY-i
         RGYA-MTShO/ tHEY JOURNEVED TO DBuS AND GtSAN ~CCOMPAN-iED
         BY A SERVANT Rd~R~E kUN-ThUB. aFTER ThEY LLAD REACHED SbA-
         SNAMS OF lOWER mYAN/ ThE ~E-iGLLTEEN aR-TShO BAN-DES (~ROBBER
         MONKS"/ aR-TShO BAN-DE BCO BRGYAD) K-iDNAPPCD ThEM AND
         ThE-iR SERVANT/ SAY-iNGH ~wE ShALL MAKE A SACR-iF-iCE TO ThE DAK-i.
         NLS" (-iN ThE xTh CENTURY a.d. AN iND-iAN PA/ND-iTA NAMED
                                                                          p.697
         sHES-RAB GSAN-BA(pRAJNAGUPTAL/ WHO WAS ALSO KNOWN BY ThE
         NAME OF ACARYA ~AM-ThABS DMAR-PO/ TRANSLATED ThE pHYAG-CHEN
         Th-iG-LE RGYUD(kG. RgYUD-'BUM/ nOS. 420/ 421/ AND 422).
         tHE E-iGHTEC-iL aR-TShO BAN-DES WERE H-iS D-iSC-iPLES/ ACCOTD-iNG
         TO SOME AUThARS. tHE DOCTR-iPE OF ThE e-iGHTEEN aR-TShO
         BAN~ES CONS-iSTED O~ A CORTUPT FORM OF tANTR-iC PRACT-iCES/
         ThEY K-iDNAPPED WOMEN AND MEN/ AND USED TO PCRFO~M HUN1AN
         SACR-iF-iCES DUR-iNG tANTR-iC FEASTS (GAN. ACAKRA-PUJA). iT -iS
         SA-iD ThAT ThE-iR PRACT-iCES CAUSED ThE t-iBETAN K-iNGS OF gUGE TO
         -iNV-iTE DpAL-aUSA). tHEY STRETCHED OUT ThE-iR L-iMBS ON ThE
         GROUND/ AND kUN-ThUB SA-iDH '~nOW/ -iF YOU TWO POSSESS ThE
         S-iGNS OF SP-iT-iTUAL POWER/ -iT -iS ThE T-iME T~ MAN-iFEST -iT!" tHE
         YOUNGEST O~ ThE TWO SA-iDH ~L ShALL DEMONSTRATE ThE ARMOUR
         DANCE O~ wAJRAK~LA (pHUR-PA-I KHRAB-SON)L" bUT ThE ELDEST
         SA-iDH ~'wE ShOULD NOT BE AFRA-iD!" SAY-iNG SO/ HE MED-iTATED
         ON H-iMSELF AS hAYAGRLVA/ AND ThE NE-iGH-iNG OF A HOTSC RESOUN-
         DED ThTEE T-iMES. aLL ThE (aR-TShO BAN-DES~ FELL SENSELESS/ AND
         AFTER RECOVER-iNG ThE-iR SENSES/ ThEY PA-iD HOMAGE TO ThC~N/ AND
         BECAME ESTABL-iShED ON ThE R-iGHT PATh. bYAN.CHUB RGYA-MTShO'S
         SON WAS BsOD-NAMS-GRAGS. h-iS SON WAS RgYUS-NAG BDE-GSEGS.
         h-iS SON--RgYAL-TShA BsOD-NAMS-'PHAGS. h-iS SON DBoN ~'PHAN
         AND H-iS W-i~E dUG-GE-MA HAD FO!LT SONS AND ThREE DAUGHTERS.
         tHE MAHAS-iDDHA WAS ThE YOUNGEST OF ThEM. hE WAS BOTN -iN
         ThE YEATiTON-mALE-t-iGET(LCAGS-PHO-STAG--1230 a/d. tHE
         rE'U-M-iG OF sUM PA MKHAN-PO(s. c. dASH l-iFE OF sUM-PA
         kHAN-PO/ jasb 1889/ P.S3(G-i~ES ThE YEAR 122~? a.d.)sA-
         GLAN()/ AND WAS G-iyEN ThE NAME ~F sEN-GE-DPAL. iN H-iS CH-iLD-
         HOOD A M-iND CON ENTRAT-iON WAS PRODUCED -iN H-iM BY -iTSELF.
         hE ThOUGHTH ~aT F-iRST i ShOULD STUDY ! aFTER ThAT i ShALL
         PRACT-iSE MED-iTAT-iON/ AND ShALL ThEN SEE ThE D-i~ERENCE BETWEEN
         ThE PRESENT STAGE OF (MY) iN-iND AND ThAT OF MED-iTAT-iON." h-iS
         FAThER SA-iD TO H-iM ThAT HE WOULD BR-iNG A W-iFE FOR H-iM/ BUT HE
         WCNT TO H-iS UNCLE/ AND SA-iD TO H-iLNaH ~1 HAVE A W-iSh TO ENTER
         REL-iG-iON ! bUT MY FAThER TOLD ME ThAT HE WOULD BR-iNG ME A
         W-iFE"/ AND SAY-iNG SO/ HE WEPT B-iTTERLY. ~L-iS UNCLE CONSOLED
         H-iM. tHEN FROM ~LLE A~E OF SEVEN T-iLL S-iXTEEN/ HE L-iST~NED TO
                                                                          p.698
         ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF mA-PHUR (mA-MO AND pHUT-PA/ NAME OF
         TWO R~;L-iN-MA SYSTEMS)/ Bd~-DGYES (ThE sAMVATA AND hEVAJTA
         cYCLES)/ TBE pHYAG-TDOT (wAJTAPAN-i) cYCLE/ ThE yOGA-tANTRAS/
         TOGEThET W-iTh ThE-iT COMMENTAT-iES/ S~DHANAS AND R-iTES/ AND
         BECAME EXPETT -iN iHEM ALL. tHEN AT ThE AGE OF 16/ HE PRO-
         CEEDED TO bO-DON-E/ AND HEARD ~OM ThE wHARMASVAM-iN r-iN-
         CHEN RTSE-MO ThE ~uPPER" AND ~lOWER" aBH-iDHATMAS (-i. E.
         ThE aBH-iDHARMAKOSA AND EHE aBH-iDHARMASAMUCCAYA)/ ThE
         pRAMANAV-iN-iSCAYA (tShAD-MA RNAM/NCS) ~ND ThC ~ES-RAB 'GREL-
  (130A) CHUN (A COMMENTAQ ON ThE pRAMANAVART-iKL BY R~OG BlO-
         LDAM-SES-RAB). hC BECAME FAMOUS AS A MATCHLESS ONE -iN
         PREACH-iNG/ DEBAT-iNG AND COMPOS-iT-iON OF TRCAT-iSES (CHAT-RTSOD
         RTSOM-GSUM). tHEN Th~ dHARMASVAM-iN RgOD-TShAN-PA/- JOUR-
         NCY-iNG FTOM BdC-CHEN-STEHS TO SpYANLUN~CAME TO gO-LUH-PHU
         ONaH-iS WAY. tHE-dHARMASV~M-iNPROPHES-iED/ SAY-iNGH ~tO-
         DAY A FORTUNATE ONE W-iLL iSE COM-iLLG TO MEET ME !" aS SOON AS
         HC HAD MET TgOD-TShAN-P?/ A STTONG FA-iTh WAS PRODUCED -iN H-iM.
         wHEN ThC LATTCR HAD REA~HED .SbUD-TRA/ u-RGYAN-PA PRESENTCD
         To ThE dHARMASVAM-iN A COPPER~ TEA-POT/ AND A P-iECE OF BROWN
         SUGAR/ AND BECAMC H-iS UP-iSAKA/ ABSTA-iN-iNG FROM ThE FOUR
         MULAS (TTSA BA BZ-iH SROG M-i-GCOD-PA/ NOT TO K-iLL; MA-BY-iN-PAR
         M-iLEN-PA/ NOT TO TAKE WHAT HAS NOT BEEN G-iVEN; LOG-GYEM
         M-i-SPYOD-PA/ NOT TO FORN-iCATE/ AN~L RDZUN M-i-SMTA-BA/ NOT TO
         SPEAK UNTRUTh) AND W-iNE. tHE dHARMAS~RAMJN S~-iD TO ~-iG-
         PO bYAN-TPALH ~0 iCARYA ! nOW ~SRAS (ThE TShEG ShOULD BE
         PLACED AFTCT ThC WORD SLOL~DPON) -iS NOT D-iF~ETENT FROM A MONK!
         bUT -iT -iS D-iFF-iCULT TO OBSERVE ONE'S VOWS. bUT HE WAS ABLE TO
         DO -iT. bECAUSE HE HAD BEEN A PR-iEST -iN A FORMER L-i~E. o! ME
         ThE OLD ONE (WHY ShOULD i TELL -iTL )." tHE dHARMASVAM-iN ThEN
         GAVE H-iM A HANDFUL OF SUGAR WH-iCH F-iLLED H-iS JO-iNED HANDS/ AND
         HE CONSUMED -iT ALL. tH-iS WAS A GOOD OMEN. tHE dHARMASVAM-iN
         SA-iDH ~yOU ShOULD COME ONCE TO MY PLACE. i ShALL EXPOUND
         (TO YOU) ThE SYSTEM OF ThE "gREAT sEAL" (mAHAMUDRA).
         iT WOULD NOT BE D-iFF-iCULT ~OR YOU TO OBTA-iN L-iBERAT-iON." hE
         ALSO HE~RD ThE sPHUTARThA ('gREL-CHUN) ~ROM MdO-SDE-DPAL OF
         gO LUN. hE ALSO STUD-iCD TBE TEXT OF ThE w-iNAYA/ AND RECOLLEC-
                                                                          p.699
         TED ThAT HE HAD STUD-iED -iT BEFORC. hE WAS ABLC TO MEMOR-iZE
         ThEkARMASATAKA (lAS-BRGYA-RTSA/ tG. 'dUL-BA/ nO. 4~18)/
         AFTER READ-iNG -iT ONCE. aT ThE AGE OF 20/ HE TOOK UP BOTh
         ThC ORD-iNAT-iON S-iMULTANEOUSLY/ bO-DON r-iN-TTSE ACT-iNG AS
         UPADHYAYA/ ~AN-BSAM-~L-iN-PA AS ACARYA/ AND ThC ACARYA BsOD-
         NAMS /OD-ZER~ AS sECRET pRCCEPTOR. hE RCSE-iVED ThE NARNE OF
         r-iN-CHEN~DPAL. tHEN FOR 1~ YEARS HE PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON
         W-iThOUT FCAV-iNG H-iS MAT (CL~ASANA/ STAN-GC-iG)/ AND D-iD NOT
         PATTAKC OF MEAT. hE OBTA-iNED FROM ThE dHARMASVATN-iN r-iN-
         RTSE T~E CO~NPLETE -iNSTRUCT-iON -iN ThE cYCLE O~ ThE kALACAKRA/
         ACCGT~L-iQG TO ThE SYSTEM OF 'bRO (LO~ BA). hE ALSO PTOFOUN-
         DLY STUD-iCD ThE SYSTEM OF kALACA~CTA ACCOTD-iNG TO ThE METhOD
         OF cT-iAG LO-TSA-BA W-iTh gO LUN-PA. hC ALSO MADE A STUDY O~
         A~ONOMY (ACCORD-iNG TO ThE kALACAKRA)/ AND BECAME ESPERT -iN
         -iT. ~ H-PA SA-iD TO H-iMH ~dUS--iKHOR-BA sANS-RGYAS TDO-R~C
         -iS ~ED -iN ThE kALACAKTA ACCO~D-iNG TO TBE METhOD OF tSA-M-i.
         l-i~-i TO H-iS (EXPOS-iT-iON)." hE ACCOTD-iNGLY HEARD ThE METhOD
         O~ ~-i W-iTh -iTS BTANCHES DUR-iNG ELCVEN MONThS. tHC
         tACL~ER HAV-iNG -iNT~R UPTED ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE L)OCTR-iNE/
         PR~ TO sER~HAGS. hE ~ELT SOMEWHAT D-iSAPPO-iNTED/ AND
  (130B) PR~ED TO dAM-PA. hE SAW H-iM -iN H-iS DREAM/ AND RECE-iVED
         FROM H-iM A PROPHECY. aFTCR COMPLET-iNG (H-iS STUD-iES)/ HC
         PR~-iCEEDE~ TOWATDS B~E-CH~N-STENS TO MECT ThE dHARMASVAM-iN
         SgO~TSBAN-PA. aS SOON AS HE RE~CHED ThC- MONASTERY/ -AN
         UNDE~ND-iNG OF ThE ~ONE L~AVOUR" DOCTR-iRLE (EKATASA) WAS
         PRODU~;TD -iN H-iM. hE HEARD ALL ThE H-iDDEN PRECEPTS OF BkA'-
         BRGYUD-P?S -iN ThE PRESENCE OF ThE dHARMAS~AM-iN (RgOD-TShAN-
         PA)/~ ~ND ThC-i~ RESULTS WERE PROPCRLY -iMPR-iNTED ON H-iS M-iND.
         oNCE HE TOLD TO RgOD-TShAN-PAH ~1 HAVE ThE -iNTENT-iON OF
         PROCEED-iNG TO sAMBHALA AND ThERE REMOVE MY DOUBTS -iN
         CON~ECT-iON W-iTh CERTA-iN D-iFF-iCULT PO-iNTS -iN ThE SYSTEM O~
         k~AC~KRA." RgOD-~TShAN-PA REPL-iEDH ~yOU HAVE NO KARM-iC
         L-iNK W-iTh ~A~NBHALA/ BUT YOU HAVE A KARM-iC L-iNK ~V-iTh
         oDD-iYANA. pROCEED ThERE! wHAT ARE ThE D-iT~-iCULT PO-iNTS (-iN
         ThE kALACAKRA)?" hE REPL-iEDH ~tH-iS AND ThAT"/ AND MCNT-iON-
         CD SOME OF ThEM. i'HEN RgOD-TShAN-PA CXPLA-iNCD ThEM TO
                                                                          p.700
         H-iM/ AND HE FELT AMAZED/ AND CXCLA-iMEDH ~pRCC-iOUS
         dHARMASVAM-iN/ YOU D-iD NOT STUDY ThE kALACAKRA SYSTEM. hOW
         D-iD YOU BECOME SUCH A GREAT SCHOLAR -iN ThE kALACAKRA?"
         RgOD-TShAN-PA REPL-iEDH '~wHEN i WAS RES-iD-iNG AT sR-i-R-i/ i HAD
         A V-iS-iON ThAT A RED WOMAN HAD G-iVEN ME A BOOK/ AND ThAT i
         HAD SWALLOWED -iT. s-iNCE ThAT T-i-iNE/ ThERE D-iD NOT EX-iST BOOKS
         TRANSLATED -iNTO t-iBETAN/ WH-iCH i D-iD NOT UNDASTAND."--~tHEN/
         PRAV BEST~W ON ME ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON -iNTO ThE kALACAKRA". RgOD-
         TShAN-PA SA-iD TO u-RGYAN-PAH ~0 ACARYA/ sON OF A BlA-MA
         (~O-BTSUN) ! yOU ShOULD PRAY AND UNDERSTAND YOUR DREARNS."
         hE ThEN PRAYED/ AND -iN H-iS DREAM HE SA~V ThE pREE-iOUS
         L)HARMASVAM-iN -iN ThE FORM O~ dUS-'KHOR-BA sANS-RGYAS RD~
         R~E WHO BESTOWED ON H-iM AN EXTENS-iVE kALACAKRA -iN-iT-iAT-iON.
         nEXT MORN-iNG HE PROCEEDED -iNTO ThE PRESENEE OF RgOD-TShAN-
         PA WHO SA-iD TO H-iMH ~o ACARYA/ sON OF A BlA-MA/ ARE YOU
         SAT-iSF-iED?"--hE REPL-iEDH ~'wERY SAT-iSF-iED/ -iNDEED! uNDER
         WHOM D-iD YOU STUDY ThE R-iTES?" RgOD-TShAN-PA REPL-iEDH
         ã¹~dAK-iN-iS HAVE TAUGHT ThEM TO ME!'/ aFTER ThAT HE OBTA-iNED
         PERM-iSS-iON TO GO TO oDDLYANA. aT F-iRST HE PROCEEDED TOWARDS
         ThE UN-iNaHAB-iTABLE DESERT REG-iONS O~ ThE nORTh/ TO PRACT-iSE
         MED-iTAT-iON. h-iS N~-iND CONCENTRAT-iON GREATLY -iNCREASED/ AND
         HE RECOLLECTED ThE DOCTR-iNES WH-iCH HE HAD FORGOTTEN. hE
         JOURNEYED TO t-i-SE (kA-iLASA)/ AND STUD-iED ThERE ~OR A WH-iLE.
         tHEN BY WAY OF mAR-YUL (lADAK) AND rA-BYAN ThE F-iVE
  (131A) COMPAN-iONS REACHED jALANDHARA (lOWER kANGRA). aFTER Th-iS/
         ThE OThERS TURNED BACK/ AND HE W-iTh DpAL-YE CONT-iNUED ThE
         jOURNEY. iN GENERAL/ HE COVERED MANY DANGEROUS PATLLS. iN
         A PATT-iCULAR CASE/ mONGOL HORSEMEN ROPED H-iM W-iTh H-iS
         MED-iTAT-iVE STR-iNG (SGOM-ThAG)/ AND K-iCKED H-iS BODY/ fOR A
         MOMENT HE LOST CONSC-iOUSNESS/ BUT ThEN JUMPED UP/ AND
         PERFORMED A DANCE/ EM-iTT-iNG LOUD ShOUTS/ AND ThEY SA-iDH
         ~tH-iS MUST BE A S-iDDHA" (sEE tUCC-iH tRAVELS OF t-iBETAN
         p-iLGR-iMS/ P. 44 TR~NSLAT-iON(; P. 93 i~)t-iBETAN tEXT()/ AND
         ThEY SA-iD TO H-i-iNaH ~wHAT SORT OF W-iFE AND CH-iLDREN HAVE
         YOU?" oN ThE BANKJ OF A LARGE R-iVER/ HE HAD A V-iS-iON ThAT
         HEAVEN AND SKY HAD TURNED OVER. hE MASTERED ALL ThE5C
                                                                          p.701
         (EXPET-iENCES) BY LL-iS ASCET-iC POWER (BRTUL-BZUGS/ VLRA-CARA/ A
         tANTR-iC COURSE OF SP-iR-iTUAL D-iSC-iPL-iNE FOR ThE HERO-iC TYPE OF
         DEVOEEES)/ AND REACHED dHU-MA-TA-LA (dLLU-MA-TLLA-LA) -iN
         oDD;YANA. tHERE A wAJRA-YOG-iN-i (wAJRAVARAH-i) -iN ThE
         ~ORM OF A PROST-iTUTE'S DAUGHTER/ OFFERED H-iM A BOWL OF
         CURRY AND BLESSED H-iM/ AND BY Th-iS ALL ThE R(HMA-iN-iNG
         DEF-iL-iNG ELEMENTS OF H-iS FORMER KARM-iC DEEDS WERC F-iRST
         BROUGHT OUT/ AND ThEN CONSUMED/ AND HE WAS ABLE TO
         MASTER ThE MEAN-iNG OF ThE tR-iVAJRA ( RDO-R~E GSUMH
         KAYA-VAJRA/ VAG-VAJRA/ C-iTTA-VAJRA). tHEN ThE wAJRA-YOG-iNL/ MAN-i-
         FESTED HER TRUE FORM AND BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE oRAL iNSTRUC-
         T-iONS. aFTER ThAT/ HE RETURNED/ AND PROCEEDED TOWARDS kAS-
         M-iRA (kHA-CHE). tHE K-iNG OF kASMLRA DESPATCHCD ABOUT 30
         MEN TO K-iLL H-iM (tUCC-i/ -iB-iD/ P. 63 (TTANSLAT-iON); P. iO2
         (t-iBETAN t~XT).)/ BUT/ ThOUGH ThEY D-iD MEET ThEM ON ThE
         TOAD/ ThE TWO COMPAN-iONS ESCAPED UNaHARMED/ wHEN u-RGYAN-
         PA RETURNED TO t-iBET/ HE FOUND ThAT ThE dHATMAS~ AM-iN
         RgOD-TShAN-PA HAD D-iED (-iN ~258 a.d.)/ HAV-iNG LEFT ThE ORDER
         NOT TO ETECT -iMAGES/ ETC. bUT u-RGYAN-PA SA-iDH ~'1 HAVE NOT
         BEEN PRESEN~ WHEN EH~ OTDER WAS G-iVEN BY H-iM"/ AND ThUS
         ERECTED SEVERAL -iMAGES. aFTER Th-iS/ -iN ThE YEAR iRON-fEMALE-
         hEN (iCAGS-MO-BYA--}261 a.d.) ThE tEACHER AND NUMEROUS
         D-iSC-iPLES PROCEEDED TOWARDS wAJRASANA (RdO-R~E GDAN). aFTER
         CONTEMPLAT-iNG ThE bODH-i-TREE (bYAN-CHUB KY-i S-iN/ bODH-i-
         VRKSA)/ A NATURAL SAMVRTT-i-BODH-iC-iTTA (KUN-RDZOB BYAN-CHUB)
         WAS PRODUCED -iN H-iM. hE ThOUGHTH ~i ORMERLY ThE dHAR-
         MASVAM-iN RgOD-TShAN-PA HAD SA-iD ThAT -iN 12 YEARS FROM ThA~
         T-iME A PROPER MED-iTAT-iVE EXPER-iENCE WOULD BE BORN -iN MC.
         tH-iS MUST BE -iT !" bEC~USC OF H-iS STAY -iN ThE ~iTAVANA (Bs-iL-
         BA TShAL). ThE LOCAL DE-iTY (GZ-i-BDAG) EAUSED A LARGE ULCET (TO
         APPEAR ON H-iS BODY). hE CUT -iT OPEN W-iTh A KN-iFE/ AND LET
         OUT (ThE PUS). tHEN HAV-iNG PERFORMED A YANTRA/ HE -iNSTANTLY
         CURED ThE WOUND. lATER/ HE SUBDUED Th-iS LOCAL DE-iTY/ AND
         WHENEVER H~ HAD TO PETFORM A BLACK MAG-iC R-iTE AGA-iNST
         ENEM-iES/ Th-iS DE-iTY APPEARCD TO HELP H-iM. aT wAJRASANA/ ThE
  (131B) GOD gANAPAT-i PERFOTMED A MAG-iC R-iTC WH-iCH D-iD NOT HARM
                                                                          p.702
         H-iM/ AND LATER WAS ACCEPTED BY H-i~N AS SUPPORT~R. fROM ThEN
         ON/ 6E BECAME A GREAT YOG-iN S-iM-iLAR TO A L-iON/ -iN WHOM WERC
         CONSTANTLY MAN-i~ESTED ThE UN-iTED AV-iKALPA-SAMADH-i (RNAM-PAR-
         M-i-RTOG-PA-I T-iN-NE-'DZ-iN) AND ThE BODH-iC-iTTA. hE USED TO
         CURE ALL D-iSEASES AND DLE -iN~UENCE OF EV-iL SP-iR-iTS BY CAST-iNG A
         SLANT-iNG GLANCE/ AND BY STR-iK-iNG W-iTh H-iS STA~. hE USED TO
         SUBDUE GODS/ DEMONS/ AND MEN. tHERE D-iD NOT EX-iST A
         DOCTT-iNE OF ThE sUTRAS AND tANTRAS WH-iCH HE D-iD NOT MASTER.
         hE V-iS-iTED GL~AL lO-RO AND MtShO-SNA OF BOTh DBu AND GyOR/
         AND OThER LOCAL-iT-iES/ AND EVERYWHERE LABOURED FOR ThE WELeARE
         O~ OThERS. lATER/ HE WAS -iNV-iTED BY ThE eMPEROR gO-PE-LA
         (qUB-iLA-i)/ AND PROCEEDED TO hOR-YUL (mONGOL-iA). hE BESTOWED
         ON ThE eMPEROR ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON -iNTO ThE kALACAKRA-MANDALA
         WH-iCH WAS PREPARED W-iTh PREC-iOUS SUBSTANCES ONLY. (aT ThE
         EACH OF ThE R-iTE) ALL ThE PREC-iOUS STONES/ WH-iCH WERE USED -iN
         ThE PREPARAT-iON OF ThE MAND. ALA/ WERE ThROWN -iNTO WATER. hE
         ThEN SPOKE OF H-iS -iNTENT-iON TO RETURN -iMMED-iATELY TO t-iBET.
         tHE eMPEROR WAS D-iSAPPO-iNTED/ AND BEGGED H-iM TO STAY ON/
         BUT (u-RGYAN-PA) SA-iDH '~L HAD CUT (MY HA-iR) AT bO-DON r-iN-
         RTSE/ AND i AM PRAY-iNG TO RgOD-TShAN-PA (ThEREFORE i RESPECT
         ONLY ThESE TWO). eVEN/ -iF iNDRA/ ThE lqRD O~ gODS/ WETE TO
         APPEAR BEFORE ME/ i WOULD CUT OPEN H-iS SKULL/ AND L-iCK H-iS
         BRA-iN." sAY-iNG SO/ HE OVETRULED ThE e-iNPEROR WHO WEPT
         PROFUSELY. oN H-iS RETURN FROM cH-iNA/ HE D-iD R-iOT BR-iNG BACK
         W-iTh H-i-iN ANY PROPERTY/ EVEN A NECDLE. tH-iS PREC-iO~-iS MAHA-
         S-iDDHA PASSED AWAY AT ThE AGE O~ 80 -iN ThE eARTh-fEMALE-hEN
         (SA-MO BYA--1309 a.d.).
            aS SA-iD BY H-i-iNaH "LF i WERE TO PREACH ThE sEVASADHANA
         (BSNEN-SGRUB/ "SERV-iCE AND PROP-iT-iAT-iON"/ u-RGYAN BSNEN-
         SGRUB)/ ThE COUNTRY WOULD HAVE BEEN F-iLLED W-iTh MAHAS-iDDHAS/
         BUT AS A HOLDER OF ThE l-iNEAGE OF 'bRUG-PA/ i HELD -iN H-iGH
         ESTEEM ThE E-iGHT GREAT CXPOS-iT-iONS (kHR-iD-CHEN-BRGYAD)."
         iN Th-iS MANNER/ OF ThE TWO BRANCHES OF ThE PR-iNC-iPAL
         PRECEPTS OF ThE 'bRUG cYCLE/ ThE ONE WH-iCH POSSESSED ThE
         UNDERSTAND-iNG OF ThE "gREAT sEAL" (mAHAMUDRA)/ BECAME ThE
         MOST NUMEROUS. h-iS D-iSC-iPLES WERE VERY NUMEROUS/ AND WERC
                                                                          p.703
         NOT ThREATENED BY F-iRE/ WATER/ ENEM-iES/ PO-iSON/ ABYSSES/ ETC.
         h-iS CH-iEF D-iSC-iPLES WHO HAD OBTA-iNED ThE sEVASADHANA OF ThE
         tT-iVAJRA (RdO-RJE GSUM) WEREH r-iN-PO-CHE MkHAR-CHU-BA/ ThE
         l)HARMASVAM-iN rAN-BYUN-BA/ ThE BLA-MA DBu-MA-PA/ ThE
         MAHA-UPADHYAYA BsOD-NAMS 'OD-ZET/ ThE ASCET-iC (RTOGS-LDAN) (L32A)
         zLA-BA SEN-GE/ AND ThE dHARMASVAM-iN kUN-DGA' DON-GRUB.
         nOW/ ThE MA-iN TENETS OF ThE SYSTEM OF ThE sEVASADHANA WH-iCL-
         OR-iG-iNATED FROM ThE dHARMASVAM-iN rAN-BYUN-BA/ WERE SL-iGHTLY
         D-iFFERENT. lATER/ -iT SPREAD AMONG ThE -iNCARNATED kAR-MA-PA
         H-iERARCHS/ AND ThE l-iNEAGE OF ThE-iR D-iSC-iPLES. l-iKEW-iSE/ AMONG
         ThE FOLLOWERS OF ThE DBu-MA-PA ThETE ARE FOUND ThE "eXPLANA-
         T-iON OF ThE RdO-RJE-I TSh-iG" (wAJRAPADA/ ThE EXPLANAT-iON OF ThE
         OR-iG-iNAL tEXT OF ThE sEVASADHANA) AND ThE PRACT-iCE OF H-iDDEN
         PRECEPTS. tHE MAHA-UPADHYAYA BsOD-NAMS 'OD-ZER ALSO
         COMPOSED AN EXTENS-iVE EXPOS-iT-iON ON ThE wAJRAPADA. tHE
         l-iNEAGE (OF ThE sEVASADHANA) CONT-iNUED FROM ThE dHARMAS-
         VAM-iN gANS-PA T-iLL DpAL-LDAN BlA-MA dAM-PA (~RM~AT sAD-
         GURU) BsOD-NAMS RGYAL-MTShAN. tHE dHARMASVAM-iN zLA-BA
         SER;-GE HAD ALSO COMPOSED AN ANALYS-iS (RNAM-BSAD) ON ThE
         wAJRAPADA/ AS WELL AS NUMEROUS TREAT-iSES (SASTRAS)/ SUCH AS A
         TEXT-BOOK ON ThE "sTAGE OF gU-iDANCE" (kHR-iD-R-iM-GY-i Y-iG-CHA)/
         ThE ~rEMAVAL OF aCC-iDENTS" ~gEGS-SEL)/ AND ~'iNTRODUCT-iON"
         (~O-SPTOD)/ ETC. hE TAUGHT ThEM TO H-iS D-iSC-iPLES BAS-iNG
         H-iMSELF ON ThE '~lARGE cOMMENTARY ON ThE tANTRA"
         (TgYUD-'GRELCHEN-MO/ -i.E. ThE w-iMALAPRABHA). hE ALSO COM-
         POSED nOTES ON D-iSCOURSES HELD BY ThE pREC-iOUS mAHAS-iDDHA
         (u-RGYAN-PA)/ WH-iCH WERE KNOWN BY ThE NAME OF pHRER;-SKOR.
         h-iS D-iSC-iPLE WAS ThE MABA UPADHYAYA OF M~H-iD-PHU/ bYAN-
         CHUB SEN-GE. tHE LATTER'S D-iSC-iPLE 'pHAGS-MCHOG BsOD-NAMS-
         DPAL WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR eARTh-fEMALE-oX (SA-MO-GLAR;--
         1349 a.d.). wH-iLE WORK-iNG AS MANAGER (KHAN^GNER) O~
         SnE'U-DGON (DUR-iNG ThE T-iME OF tSON-KHA-PA AN ADM-iN-iSTTA-
         T-iVE CENTRE OF t-iBET)/ HE F'LED TOWARDS GtSAN -iN ThE SEARCH OF
         REL-iG-iON. tHERE HE F-iRST MET ThE dHARMASVAM-iN gAR;S-PA/
         BUT BEFORE HE HAD F-iN-iShCD H-iS STUD-iES/ gANS-PA PASSED AWAY.
         aFTER ThAT HE HEARD ThE COMPLETE H-iDDCN PRECEPTS FROM ThE
                                                                          p.704
         MAHA-UPADHYAYA bYAN-CHUB SEN-GE. tHEN HE BECAME A
         HERM-iT OF ThE GdAN-SA tHEL-PAS. hE ALSO PRACT-iSED MED-iTA-
         T-iON AT ~HHU-BAR/ AND OBTA-iNED A YOG-iC -iNS-iGHT -iNTO ThE DOCT-
         R-iNE OF ThE ~gREAT sEAL" (mAHA.MUDRA). lATER/ SgOM-PA
         GRAGS LEGS BU-iK A HUT AT ThE FOOT OF ThE mAN-DKAR-SGAN.
         wH-iLE HE WAS RES-iD-iNG ThERE/ ThE pREC-iOUS dHARMASVAM-iN.
         ThE WELL-KNOWN RgOD-PHRUG GRAGS-PA SETTLED -iN A CAVE S-iTUA~ED
         NEAR BY. oNCE/ WHEN HE (TgOD-PHRUG GRAGS-PA) CAME TO
         BESTOW ThE sEVASADHANA (OF u-RGYAN-PA)/ AND ThE PRECEPTS OF
         ~HE BkA'-BRGYUD-PAS ON 'pHAGS-MCHOG-PA/ HE OL~ERED H-iM
  (132B) SOME TEA. hE (SgOM-PA GRAGS-LEGS) ~HEN PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON
         -iN ThE SAME CAVE/ AND AN UNDERSTAND-iNG OF ThE ~gREAT sEAL"
         WAS BORN -iN H-iM. 'pHAGS-MCHOG-PA WAS PLEASED AND GAVE
         H-iM H-iS OWN UPPER GARMENT. aFTER Th-iS/ HE ~OLLOWED MANY
         TEACHERS AT VAR-iOUS PLACES/ -iNCLUD-iNG ~HE dHARMASVAM-iN
         tHE~-CHEN-PA AND OThERS/ AND OBTA-iNED H-iDDEN PRECEPTS ~ROM
         ThEM. hE ALSO PRACT-iSED ThE SYSlEM OF G~AN-KHROD -iN
         VAR-iOUS HE~M-iTAGES (ThE G~LAN-KHROD -iS A PRACT-iCE OF V-iS-iT-iNG
         AT N-iGHT HAUN~ED PLACES). wH-iLE HE WAS RES-iD-iNG AT SgAM-
         PO/ H-iS HUT WAS SUMERGED BY A ~OOD/ BUT BY H-iS (D-iV-iNE)
         GRACE NO HARM RESULTED. oNCE/ WHEN HE ~ELL FRONL ThE BR-iDGE
         OF bYUR -iNTO WATER/ MANY DAK-iMS BROUGHT H-iM OUT RA-iS-iNG A
         LOUD OUTCRY. hE WAS ABLE TO POUR UN-iTERRUPTEDLY ThROUGHOUT
         A WHOLE N-iGHT EXCELLENT W-iNC ~ROM A S-iNGLE JUG. mANY
         S-iM-iLAR CASES (ARE RELATED ABOUT H-iM). hE FOUNDED ThE HERM-i-
         TAGE O~ ~HHOS-SD-iR;S -iN ORDER TO TRA-iN H-iS D-iSC-iPLES. hE BECAME
         ThE REVERED PRECEPTOR O~ K-iNG gRAGS-PA 'BYUN-GNAS-PA WHO
         WAS FULL O~ PROFOUND DEVOT-iON (TOWARDS H-iM). hE LABOURED
         CXTENS-iVELY FOR ThE WEL~ATE OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS. iN GENERAL/
         HAV-iNG BEEN BORN -iN ThE YEAR wATER-fEMALE hARE (CHU-MO-
         YOS--1363 a.d.)/ HE (RgOD-PHRUG-PA) PASSED -iNTO ThE dHAR-
         MADHATU ON ThE 22ND DAY OF ThE Th-iRD -iNONTh OF ThE YEAR
         f-iRE-fEMALE-hARE (ME-MO-YOS--1447 a.d.)/ ATThE AGE O~ 8G.
         hE WAS SUCCEEDED BY ThE ABBOT ThE dHARMASVAM-iN BsOD-
         NAMS RGYAL-MCShAN AND ThE dHARMASVAM-iN sANS-RGYAS BLO-
         GROS/ WHO POSSESSED A ONE-PO-iNTED DEVOT-iON ~OWARDS ThE
                                                                          p.705
         tEACHER/ AND A M-iND CONCCNRRAT-iON WH-iCH REMA-iNET MERGED
         -iNTO ThE (NOT-iON) OF ThE ~gREAT sEAL" (mAHAMUDRA). aFTCR
         ThEM/ ThE dHARMASVAM-iN ~EL-BRAG-PA TRA-iNED H-iS D-iSC-iPKS
         BY VAR-iOUS MEANS/ AS -iND-iCATED BY ThE dHARMASVAM-iN RgOD-
         PHRUG-RAS PA H-iMSELF -iN A PROPHECY ABOUT H-iS WORK FOR ThE
         WELFARE OF OThERS.
            tHE ABBOT BsOD-NAMS RGYAL-MTShAN WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR
         eARTh-mALE mOUSE (SA-PHO-BY-i-BA--1408 a.d.). hE L-iVCD
         TO ThE AGE OF 56/ (AND D-iED) -iN ThE YEAR wATER-fEMALE-sHEEP
         (CHU-MO LUG--1463 a.d.). fROM ThAT YEAT TO ThE PRESENT
         f-iRE-mALE-aPE (ME-PHO-SPRE'U--1476 a.d.) 13 YEARS HAVC
         PASSED. iN GENERAL/ ThE mAHAS-iDDHA (u-RGYAN-PA) WAS BORN
         -iN ThE 6iST YEAR S-iNCE ThE iRON-t-iGER (LCAGS-STAG--i i70 a.d.)
         YEAR OF ThE DEATh OF pHAG-MO-GRU-PA. iN H-iS ~-iiST YEAR ThE
         pREC-iOUS bU-STON WAS BORN (1290 a.d.). iN ThE LATTET'S 6iST
         YEAR ThE dHARMASVAM-iN MkHA'-SPYOD-PA (MkHA'-SPYOD DbAN- (133A~
         PO yE-DPAL)/ ThE dHARMASVAM-iN SgRON-MA-BA/ AND ThE MAHA-
         UPADHYAYA r-iN-PO-CHE RGYAL-MTShAN BZAN-PO WERE BORN
         (1350 a.d. iRON-t-iGER(LCAGS-STAG)). fROM ThAT YEAR TO ThE
         PRESENT f-iTE-mALE-aPE (ME-PHO-SPRE--1476 a.d.) TWO CYCLES
         OF S-iXTY YEATS AND SEVEN YEARS HAVE PASSED. tHE cHAPTER ON
         ThE mAHAS-iDDHA (u-RGYAN-PA) AND H-iS D-iSC-iPLES. tHE cHA~
         TER ON ThE 'bRUG-PA SECT.
            RgYAL-TShA/ ThE CH-iEF D-iSC-iPLE OF'gRO-MGON r-iN-PO-CHE
         (pHAG-MO-GRU-PA)H hE WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR eAR.HmALE-dOG
         (SA-PHO-KHY-i--1118 a.d.) AS SON OF A PR-iNCESS (LHA-GC-iG~
         AND A FAThER BELONG-iNG TO A eARN-iLY -iN WH-iCH ThERE HAD BEEN
         MANY S-iDDHAS OF ThE TL;;L-iN-MA-PA SECT/ AND WHO WERE ThE
         DESCENDANTS OF nAM-MKHA' SN-iN-PO OF SnUBS (ONE OF ThE F-iVE
         CH-iEF D-iSC-iPLES OF pADMASAMBHAVA/ dAG-PA-I 'KHOR-LNA) -iN ThE
         D-iSTR-iCT OF '~AL -iN lOWER ~AB. fROM ThE AGE OF F-iVE HE MAS-
         TERED ThE ALPHABET/ AND WAS ABLE TO COUNT. fROM CH-iLDHOOD
         HE FELT AVERS-iON TOWARDS ThE wORLD/ AND WAS ARTRACTED TO
         REL-iG-iON. aMONG ThE TEACHERS WHOM HE FOLLOWED/ WEREH
         GnUR L~-i-MA/ ThE ACARYA gAN-CHAG-PA/ rAM-SD-iN-MA-BA/
         ThE KALYANA-M-iTRA RtS-i-GNAN/ gROL-STON lHA-'BURN/ ThE BLA-
                                                                          p.706
         MA SgAN r-i-BO-CHE-PA/ ThE lOTD (T~E) SgRO-PHUG-PA/ SON
         OF zUR~CHUN-BA/ ThE BLA-MA 'oR-KHA-PA/ SgAN sES-RAB BLA-
         MA/ M~A'-R-iS SkY-i-STON/ DpYAL kUN-DGA' RDO-R~E/
         sAMANTAsRL/ A PAND-iTA FROM nEPAL/ kHU LO-TSA-BA nE-TSO/
         pAND-iTA ~AKYASRL/ SpOS-SGAN-BA/ lHA-R~E ~O-'KHOR/ lHA-R~E sES-
         RAB BZAN-PO/ AND ~O-BTSUN mE-'BAR. hE HEARD FROM ThEM ThE-iR
         RESPECT-iVE DOCTR-iNES. aT ThE AGE OF i 9/ HE PROCEEDED TOWARDS
         DBuS. aT GyOR-PO LUGS-SMAD HE MET DmAR ~HOS KY-i RGYAL-
         PO/ A D-iRECT D-iSC-iPLE OF pU-HRANS LO-TSA-BA/ mES-STON kUN-SN-iN/
         R~OG MdO-SDE/ ThE BLA-MA G~EN-CHEN-PO/ AGED 83/ A D-iSC-iPLE
         OF ThE LO-TSA-BA ~HOS-KY-i BZAN-PO. a~ ThE AGE OF 25/ HC
         RETUTNED TO H-iS NAT-iVE COUNTRY/ AND WAS -iNSTALLED. hE ALSO
         PREACHED SOME DOCTR-iNES. h-iS FAThER SA-iD TO H-iMH "nOW YOU
         ShOULD TAKE A BR-iDE!" bY H-iMSELF HE DEC-iDED NOT TO ACCEPT -iT/
         BUT TOLD H-iS FAThER ABOUT -iT -iN A GRADUAL WAY/ AND AT LAST
         RECE-iVED H-iS PERM-iSS-iON. tHE NAMES OF TEACHERS WHOM HE
         FOLLOWED/ ARE AS FOLLOWSH bRAG-DKAR-PO-BA/ ;~U-DON-MO-R-i-BA/
  (133B) M~A'-R-iS-PA ~AN-SGOM/ ThE KALYANA-M-iTRA tHO-STON/ ThE
         KALYANA-M-iTRA RgYA-STON/ ThE KALYANA-M-iTRA G~EN OF bYA-RU
         DBEN-TShA/ tHUR-LA-BA tShUL-KHR-iMS-SKYABS/ ThE PAND-iTA wA-iRO-
         CANA/ kE-KE hER-GRAGS/ ThE KALYANA-M-iTRA sUM-PA/ dAM-PA
         pYAT-CHUN/ wAJRAKRODHA/ AND ThE BLA-MA 'oL PA CHEN-PC.
         lATER HE WAS ADV-iSED BY BLA-MA DmAR TO GO TO pHAG-MO-GRU/
         AND HE V-iS-iTED ThE tEACHER (pHAG-MO-GRU-PA). fA-iTh WAS
         BORN -iN H-iM/ AND HE L-iSTENED TO ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF MANY
         DOCTR-iNES/ AND H-iDDEN PRECEPTS. tHEN AN EXCELLENT UNDER-
         STAND-iNG -iN ThE ~gTEAT sEAL" (mAHAMUDRA~ UAS PRODUCED -iN
         H-iM. hE MET RgYA-RAS AT zANS-R-i/ AND OBTA-iNED FROM H-iM
         ThE dOCTR-iNE aBOUT ThAT T-iME HE ALSO MET SgOM-TShUL AND
         L-iSTENED TO H-iS TEACH-iNG. hE ALSO OBTA-iNED ThE G(~OD SYSTE-M
         FRONL tL-iON-STON GTUB-PA/ SON OF mA-GC-iG lABS-SGRON. aBOUT
         ThAT T-iME Th-iS TEACHER HAD REACHED ThE AGE OF 88. hE ALSO
         OBTA-iNED PRECEPTS FROM z-iNS-PO zLA-BA/ A D-iSC-iPLE OF dAM-PA
         RgYA-GAR AND SkAM. iN GENERAL/ HE HAD 8~ TEACHERS. aFTER
         ThAT HE RETURNED TO H-iS NAT-iVE PLACE. hE USED TO SEND OUT
         TRADERS AND BARTET GOODS. hE OFFERED EXCELLENT PRESENTS TO
                                                                          p.707
         pHAG-MO-GRU/ -iNCLUD-iNG PRESENTS TO EACH OF ThE MONKS~ AND
         TEA TO ThC MONAST-iC CONGTEGAT-iON. tHE KALYANA-M-iTRA ~AR;-
         SUM-ThOG-PA AND OThERS PRA-iSED H-iM GREATLY. aBOUT ThAT
         T-iME HE OBTA-iNED ALL ThE DOCTR-iNES -iN POSSESS-iON OF H-iS TEACHERS/
         SUCH AS ThE lAM-SKOR AND OThERS. hE ALSO HEARD ThE dOCTR-iNE
         FROM ThE w-iNAYADHARA OF sCU. aFTER ThAT HE TOOK LEAVE OF
         H-iS tEACHER (pHAG-MO-GRU-PA)/ AND ASKED H-iM WHAT HE WAS TO
         DO -iN ThE FUTURE. tHE tEACHER GAVE ThE FOLLOW-iNG REPLYH
         "pREACH ThE dOCTR-iNE -iN YOUR NAT-iVE COUNTRY TO ALL ThOSE WHO
         ARE AFFL-iCTED BY FEAT OF B-iRTh AND DEATh." oN H-iS WAY ThERE
         MANY PEOPLE RECE-iVED H-iM. tHEN HE PROCEEDED TOW;-iRDS
         dON-MO-R-i/ AND ThERE AT ThE AGE OF 54/ -iN ThE YEAR iRON-hARE
         (iCAGS-YOS--~17L a. d.)/ HE REQUESTED ~AN~Z-i MDZES TO
         BECOME H-iS UPADHYAYA/ AND TOOK UP F-iNAL MONAST-iC ORD-iNAC-iON.
         hE ThOUGHT ThAT HE ShOULD ASSOC-iATE W-iTh A GROUP OF FOUR
         MONKS. sO HE BOUGHT A PLOT OF LAND -iN kHRO-PHU FROM A
         MAN NAMED H~AN-BTSUN DBON-CHUR;. hE BU-iLT ThERE A TEMPLE
         (DBu-RTSC) AND CELLS/ AND GAThERED ROUND H-iM ABOUT 20
         MONKS. hC CH-iEFLY PTACT-iSED M-iND CONCENTRAT-iON. oN ONE
         OCCAS-iON HE BESTOWED SEVERAL COMPLETE -iN-iT-iAT-iONS ON StON-PA
  (134A) tShUL-SE AND SEVERAL OThERS. dUR-iNG H-iS CR-iT-iCAL YEAR OF 61/
         HE FELT SL-iGHTLY UNWELL. iN H-iS V-iS-iON HE SAW ThE lORD pHAG-
         MO-GRU-PA COM-iNG WHO TOLD H-iMH ~o SON! iN ~HE PURE SKY
         OF YOUR OWN M-iND ThERE APPEARED A CYCLE (LO-GRANS) OF YEARS
         (CORRESPOND-iNG) TO ThE 12 N-iDANAS. iN 8 YEARS FROM NOW ON/
         YOU MAY FOLLOW ME/ -iF YOU CARE"/ SAY-iNG SO/ HE RODE OFF ON A
         L-iON. hE D-iSAPPEARED TOWARDS ThE MOUNTA-iN OPPOS-iTE TO
         G~AN-DKAR. aCCORD-iR/GLY HE PASSED AWAY -iN ThE YEAR wOOD-
         fEMALE-hARE (S-iN-MO-YOS--1195 a. d.)/ AT ThE AGE OF 78.
         h-iS YOUNGER BROThER kUN-LDAN WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR eARTh
         mALE-dRAGON (SA-PHO-'BRUG--1148 a. d.). wHEN HE CAME
         TO pHAG-MO-GRU BR-iNG-iNG PROV-iS-iONS FOR H-iS ELDER BROThER/ HE
         FOUND (pHAG-MO-GRU-PA) PREACH-iNG ThE L-iFE-STORY OF ThE wENE-
         RABLE m-iD-LA. hE ThOUGHT TO H-iMSELFH ~i MUST ACT L-iKEW-iSE!"
         AND HE NODDED ThREE T-iMES W-iTh H-iS HEAD DUR-iNG ThE CLASS.
         hE ThEN OBTA-iNED PRECEPTS FROM pHAG-MO-GRU-PA/ PRACT-iSED
                                                                          p.708
         MCD-iTAT-iON/ DEVELOPED AN EXCELLCNT UNDERSTAND-iNG/ AND
         BCCAME A MAHAS-iDDHA. dUR-iNG A FAM-iNE/ HE POKED W-iTh H-iS
         STAFF ThE DBOR OF ThE CHAPEL OF kHRO~PHU/ AND SA-iDH "o
         YOG-iN-iS! tO-DAY G-iVE SOME ALMS TO ThE YOG-iN/" aFTER ThAT
         HE DUG OUT MUCH B~TLEY BERWEEN ThE DOOTS OF ThE CHAPEL.
         tHOUGH ALL ThE -iNaHAB-iTANTS ShARED -iN -iT/ ThEY WERE UNABLE TO
         CONSUME -iT FOR F-iVE DAYS. sUCH WERE ThE M-iRACLES EXH-iB-iTED
         BY H-iM. hE D-iED AT ThE AGE OF 70 -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-
         fEMALE-oX ( ME-MO-GLAN--1~17 a. d. ). kHRO-PHU LO-
         ~SA-BA WAS ThE NEPHEW OF ThE BROThERS RgYAL-TShA AND
         kUN-LDAN RAS-PA. hE WAS BORN AS sOd 0~ FAThER ~O-PHAN
         AND MOThER BsREGS-MO GSAL-BYED -iN ThE YEAR wATER-fEMALE-
         sERPENT (CHU-MO-SBRUL--1173 a.d.)/ ThE Th-iRD YEAR FOLLOW-iNG
         ThE DEATh OF 'gRO-MGON pHAG-MO-GRU-PA. aT ThC AGE C/F 6/ HE
         LEARNT READ-iNG. aT ThE AGE O~ 8/ HE MET RgYAL-TShA. aT ThE
         AGE OF TEN/ HT TOOK UP ThE NOV-iC-iATE/ r-iN-PO-CHE RgYAL-TShA
         AND kUN-LDAN ACT-iNG AS UPADHYAYA AND ACARYA/ AND RECE-iVED
         ThE NAME O~ tShUL-KHR-iMS SES-RAB. aT ThE AGE O~ 1 L/ HE PRO
         CEEDED TO L-iSTEN TO ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE pRAMANAV-iN-iSCAYA
  (134B) (RnAM-NES) FROM ThE KALYANA-M-iTRA GtSAN. aT ThE AGE OF 1~/
         HE WENT To sA-SKYA TO ATTEND ThE REL-iG-iOUS ASSEMBLY ON ThE
         OCCAS-iON OF ThE PASS-iNG OF BsOD-NAMS RTSE-MO. ~U-STON
         hRAL-MO ALSO CAME To Th-iS ASSEMBLY. tHEN T-iLL ThC AGE OF 16/
         HE STUD-iED EXTENS-iVELY W-iTh GtSAN-DKAR. hE CONDUCTED
         DEBATES W-iTh ThE MONKS/ WHO HAD GAThETED FOR ThE ASSEMBLY/
         AND DEFEATCD H-iS OPPONENTS. hE ALSO MADE LATGE O~ER-iNGS/
         AND ATTENDCD ON ~HE ACARYA GtSAN-DKAR-BA. aT ~HE AGE OF 17
         HE -iNV-iTED TO kHRO-PHU RtSE-STON kUN-BZANS/ ~HE SP-iR-iTUAL SON
         OF SnUR-PA/ AGED 88/ AND STUD-iCD UNDER H-iM ThE R-iTES OF OVER
         500 MANDALAS -iNCLUD-iNG ThAT OF ThE wAJRADHATU (RdOR-DBY-iR;S)/
         ETC. lATER/ AT ThE T-iME O~ H-iS DEPARTURE/ RtSE-STON kUN-
         BZANS SAW -iN A DREAM RnAM-ThOS-SRAS (kUVERA) OF bYA-RGOD-
         GSONS WHO TOLD H-iM TO -iNTRODUCE H-iM (pHOG-PA) TO ThE sON OF
         A pR-iEST (~O-SRAS). hE ThEN HEARD (FROM H-iM) ThE R~ES-GNAN
         (AUThOR-iZAT-iON) OF wA-iSRAVANA (RnAM-SRAS). aT ThC AGE OF 19/
         HE STUD-iED ThE WORK OT A TRANSLATOR W-iTh A LEARNED LO-TSA-BA
                                                                          p.709
         CALLED ~AN DgE-BA/ A NEPHEW OF ~AN/ ~ND BCCAMC CSPERT -iN -iT.
         iN ThE SAME YE~R HE TOOK UP ThE F-iN~L MON~ST-iC ORD-iN~T-iON/
         r-iN-PO-CHE RgY1L-TSh~ ACT-iNG AS UPADHYAYA/ ThE ACARYA GtSAN~
         DKAR AS K~RMA-ACARYA/ AND kUN LDAN RAS-PA AS sECRCT pRECEP~OR.
         tHEN/ -iN ORDER To STUDY ThE w-iNAY~ W-iTh GtSAN-NAG (BTtSON-
         'GRUS SEN-GE)/ HE ATTCNDCD ON H-iM FOR TWO FULL YEAR~/ AND
         BECAME LEARNECL (-iN ThE w-iN~YA). aT TeiE AGE OF 21/ HE HEARD
         FROM kUN-LDAN ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE UP-i~RA-MARG~ OF l~RO rLS-
         PA/ H-iS tHUN-' ~OG (NAME OF A BOOK)/ AND OThER TE~CTS. aBOU~
         ThAT T-iME HC SUSPECTED ThAT HE HAD CONTRACTED LEPROSY/ CAUSED
         BY H-iS FAThER'S BLACK MAG-iC. hE ThEREFORE SPENT ThREE YEARS
         -iN SECLUS-iON/ AND W~S REL-iEVED OF ThE A-iLMENT. dUT-iNG ThAT
         T-iME AT SUNR-iSE HE OBTA-iNED FROM RgYA-TShA ThE 136 K-iNDS OF
         D-i-i~ERENT PRECEPTS AND ONE CALLED ~ThE tH-iRTEEN gMMAND-
         MENTS" (BkA'-BABS BCU-GSUM). wHEN HE WAS ~4/ l<~RD RgYA-
         TShA PASSED AWAY. aT ThE T-iME OF H-iS DEATh/ HE CALLED H-iM -iN/
         AND BESTOWED ON H-iM NUMEROUS -iNSTRUCT-iONS/ AND UTTERCD A
         PROPHECY (CONCERN-iNG H-i~ FUTURE)/ SAY-iNGH '~s-iM-iL~R TO ThE
         ShAPE OF A BRASS TRUMPET/ YOUR FORTUNE W-iLL W-iDEN AT ThE END."
         hE ALSO PETFORMED ThE R-iTE OF -iN-iT-iAT-iON -iNTO ThE METhOD OF
         ThE jNANA-PRAVESA (YE-SES 'PHO~BA-I DBAN-BSKUR). (RgYA-TShA)
         D-iED W-iTh-iN TWO MONThS. hAV-iNG DULY PETFORMED ThE FUNERAL
  (135a) R-iTES FOR RgYA-TShA/ AND HAV-iNG ERECTED (ThE LATTER'S) -iMAGE/
         ETC./ HE/ AGED 24/ PROCEEDED TOWARDS nEPAL. oN REACH-iNG
         nEPAL/ HE STUD-iED EXTENS-i~RELY ThE tANTRAS AND sURRAS W-iTh ThE
         MAHA-PAND.!-iTA bUDDHASN. hC ALSO MET ThERE ThE wENERABLE
         m-iTRA/ AND -iNV-iTED H-iM TO t-iBET. tHE LATTER SPENT 18 MONThS
         W-iTh H-iM/ AND 1;~1ESSED ThE LAR~D OF ThE MONASTERY OF kHRO PHU.
         wHEN ThE wENERABLE ~i-iTRA WAS ABOUT TO DEPART/ HE ESCORTED
         H-iM AS FAR AS ThE pASS OF SkY-i-RON (ON ThE nEPAL-t-iBETAN
         HORDER). ~FTER ThLS HE -iNV-iTED ThE MAHA-PAND-iTA bUDDHASR-i.
         iNTEND-iNG RO ERECT A GREAT -iMAGE (ThE kHRO-PHU bYAMS-CHEN)/
         HE SENT A eNESSAGE TO ~HHAG DgRA-BCOM-PA (WHO) -iNV-iTED ThE
         PAND. -i~A AS FAR AS G~L. tHERE HE ASSEMBLED NUMEROUS
         EXCELLENT DLSC-iPLES AND OFFERED ThE MAHA-PAND-iTA 300 SRAR;S/ AND
         ThEN RETURNED. aFTER Th-iS/ HE MADE H-iS RET-iNUE WORK ON ThC
                                                                          p.710
         ERECT-iON OF ThE -iMAGE. tHE tEACHER W-iTh SEVERAL D-iSC-iPLES
         PROCEEDED V-iA ThE gRO-MO pASS (ThE VALLEY OF cHUMB-i) TO iND-iA
         TO A TRADE MART CALLED wA-i-DUR (wA-i-DUR TShON-'DUS/ -iN
         aSSAM?). hE ThEN -iNV-iTED ThE MAHA-PAND-iTA (~AKYASR-i) WHO
         CAME TO t-iBET -iN ThE YEAR wOOD-mALE-mOUSE (S-iN-PHO-BY-i-BA
         --1204 a.d.). tHE MAHA-PAND-iTA LABOURED FOR ThE WELFARE OF
         L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS FROM nORTh rWA-SGREN TO lHO-BRAG AND lOWER
         G~AL. dUR-iNG ThE MAHA-PAR!D-iTA'S TEN YEARS' RES-iDENCE -iN
         t-iBET/ HE (kHRO-PHU LO-TSA.BA) ACTED AS -iNTERPRETET TO ThE
         MAHA-PAR.-iD-iTA. tHE GREATER PART OF ThE OeER-iNGS RECE-iVED BY
         ThE MAHA-PAND-iTA WAS G-iVEN AWAY BY H-iM FOR ThE ETECT-iON OF
         ThE -iMAGE (kHRO-PHU bYAMS-CHEN)/ AND ThE REST WAS D-iSTR-i-
         BUTED AMONG tR-iP-iTAKADHARAS AND OThER PERSONS. lATER/ WHEN
         ThE MAHA-PAND-iTA WAS RETURN-iNG TO kASM-iRA/ (kHRO-PHU) LO-
         TSA-BA ESCORTED H-iM AS FAR AS M~A'-R-iS. wHEN ThE tEACHER
         (~AKYASRL) AND D-iSC-iPLES WERE ABOUT TO PART/ ThE MAHA-PAND-iTA
         SENT AWAY H-iS OThER RETA-iNERS/ AND GAVE TO kHRO-PHU LO-TSA-BA
         300 SRANS -iN GOLD -iNGOTS (GSER-S-iL). tHEN ThE MAHA-PAND-iTA/
         W-iThOUT TAK-iNG W-iTh H-iM ThE OFFER-iR-iGS G-iVEN TO H-iM BY
         t-iBETANS/ CONT-iNUED H-iS JOURNEY TO kASMLRA/ AND SPENT ThERE
         12 YEARS. hE RESTORED ThE WAN-iNG dOCTR-iNE -iN kASMLRA AND
         CAUSED -iT TO SPREAD. iT -iS SA-iD ThAT HE PASSED AWAY -iN ThE
         YEAR wOOD-fEMALE-hEN (S-iR;-MO-BYA--1225 a.d.). iN Th-iS
         MANNER Th-iS LO-TSA-BA (kHTO-PHU) HAD -iNV-iTED ThREE MAHA-
         PAND-iTAS. hE BU-iLT V-iHARAS AND LARGE -iMAGES/ ETC. tHE
  (135B) STORY OF H-iS l-iFE -iS VOLUM-iNOUS/ BUT HERE i HAVE G-iVEN AN
         ABR-iDGED ACCOUNT ONLY. dUR-iNG H-iS LATER L-iFE/ BEFORE HE
         STARTED FOR DBuS/ HE PERFORMED Th~ R-iTE CREAT-iNG kHRO-PHU
         SEMS-DPA' CHEN P~ (MEAN-iNG ThAT HE BECAME ThE FAThER
         OF kHRO-PHU SEMS-DPA' CHEN-PO)/ AND PROCEEDED TO DBuS.
         tHE PLACE OF H-iS DEM-iSE WAS ALSO S-iTUATED -iN DBuS.
         r-iN-PO-CHE RgYAL-TShA AND kUN-LDAN/ ThE TWO/ HAVE BEEN
         D-iRECT D-iSC-iPLES OF ThE lORD pHAG-MO-dRU-PA WHO HAD PRODUCED
         -iN ThEM AN UNDERSTAND-iNG OF ThE ~gREAT sEAL' (mAHAMUDRA).
         cHOS-RJE LO-TSA-BA (kHRO-lO) ALSO FOLLOWED ThE PRECEPTS OF ThE
         r-iN-PO-CHE RgYAL-TShA/ AND ThROUGH ThEM AN UNDERSTAND-iNG OF
                                                                          p.711
         ThE "gREAT sEAL" (mAH⃠MUDRA) WAS PRODUCED -iN H-iM. lATER/
         WLLEN HE JOURNEYED TO SkY-i-RON/ A BLA-MA CALLED KlON-RTSE-BA
         WHO WAS A D-iRECT D-iSC-iPLE OF lORD SgAM-PO-PA/ -iMPROVED H-iS
         UNDERSTAND-iNG (OF ThE dOCTR-iNE)/ AND ThEREFORE -iT -iS CERA-iN
         ThAT HE BELONGED TO ThE l-iNEAGE OF DpAL SgAM-PO-PA- tHE
         SA-iNT (S-iDDHA) WHO WAS BOTh AT RtA-NAG/ AND WHO WAS CALLED
         L(~E-SGOM/ ALSO HEARD ThE dOCTR-iNE FROM r-iN-PO-CHE RgYAL-
         TShA. hE PART-iCULARLY HEARD ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE "gREAT
         sEAL" (mAH⃠MUDRA) DOCTR-iNE FROM kUN-LDAN/ AND H-iS UNDER-
         STAND-iQG OF -iT EQUALLED hEAVEN. a CONTEMPORARY OF H-iS/
         K!LOWN AS mA-GC-iG rE-MA/ F-iRST OBTA-iNED EXTRAORD-iNARY RESULTS
         -iN M-iND CONCENTRAT-iON/ BUT -iN ThE END ShE EXPER-iCNCED A
         V-iOLENT HEART ATTACK OF A NERVOUS CHARA~TER ~SN-iN-RLUN DRAG-
         PO). iT -iS SA-iD ThAT L~HE-SGOM HEARD ABOUT HER -iLLNESS/ AND
         BESTOWED ON HER H-iDDEN PRECEPTS/ AND ShE REAL-iZED ThE tRUTh
         OF TLLE uLT-iMATE eSSENCE (dHARMATA). hE WAS FOLLOWED
         BY kHRO-PHU LO-TSA-BA/ BlA-CHEN BsOD-DBAN/ kHRO-PHU
         SEMS-DPA' CHEN-PO AND OThERS. sEMS-DPA' CHEN-PO'S D-iSC-iPLE
         WAS yAN-RTSE-BA r-iN-CL-iEN SEN-GE. bu (ston) rin-po-che WAS
         A D-iSC-iPLE OF ThE LATTER. tHE cHAPTER ON kHRO-PHU BA.
         ~HAN r-iN-PO-CHE (tSOL-i KHA-PA/ pLLAG-MO-GRU-PA AND ~AN
         r-iN-PO-CHE ARE C~LLED T6E ~tHREE jEWELS OF t-iBET"(bOD
         nOR-BU RNAM-GSUM()/ WHO OBTA-iNED AN UNDERST~ND-iNG OF ThE
         aBSOLUTE tRUTh (BHUTARTLLA/ YAN-DAG-PA-I DON) TROM SgOM-PA
         tShUL-KLLR-iMS SN-iN-POH HE WAS A NAT-iVE OF tSL~AL-PA-GRU/ AND
         AS BORN -iN ThE YEAR wATER-fEMALE-hARE (CHU-MO-YOS--
         11~3 a.d.) AM-iDST WONDERFUL S-iGNS AS SON OF FAThER RdO-RJE
         SE-iL1S-DPA'/ ThE tANTR-iC/ AND MOTLLER mAN-SKY-iD. tH-iS UAS
  (136A) ThE 14Th YEAR OF pHAG-MO-GRU-PA. iN H-iS CL -iLDHOOD HE HAD A
         STRONG -iNCL-iNAT-iON TOWARDS REL-iG-iON. wHEN LLE WAS F-iVE OR
         S-iX/ H-iS FAThER RELATED TO LL-iM ThE SUFFER-iNGS OF hELL/ HE RELQEC-
         -TED OVER -iT AND BE-iNG FR-iGHTENED/ ASKED H-iS FAThERH ~wHAT
         WOULD HELP?" tHE FAThER REPL-iEDH "tHE WORSh-iP AND
         C-iRCUMAMBULAT-iON OF GODS" (MEAN-iNG PROSTRAT-iONS BEFORE HOLY
         -iMAGES/ AND C-iRCUMAMBULAT-iON OF HOLY OBJECTS." tHE BOY
         ThEN SPENT DAYS AND N-iGHTS WORSh-iPP-iNG -iN FRONT OF ThE
                                                                          p.712
         SACRED BOOKS/ WH-iCH HAD FORMERLY BELONGED TO H-iS ANCESTOTS.
         aT ThE AGE OF 7/ HE MASTERED READ-iNG AND WR-iT-iNG FROM H-iS
         MOThER AND ELDER BROThER. aT ThE AGE OF 9/ HE HEARD ThE
         pRAJRLAPARAM-iTASANCAYAGAThA (SdUD-PA/ kG. sER-PHY-id/ nO.
         13)/ ThE aBH-iSAMAYALAMKARA/ AND OThER TREAT-iSES FROM bYE'U
         STON-PA. aT ThE AGE OF LO/ HE HEARD FROM ThE ACARYA G~EN
         ThE (mARLJUSRL~NAMASAR;GLN (MtShAN-BR~OD)/ AND OT~-iER TEXTS.
         aT ThE AGE O~ i i/ HE HEARD FROM R~OG MdO-SDE ThE cYCLES
         OF hE~RAJRA/ gUR AND ThE mAHAMAYA/ ETC. hE ALSO PREACHCD
         ThE '~AM-DPAL GSAR;-LDAN (A FAMOUS yOGA-MAR!DALA). fROM
         sAM-BU LO-TSA-BA HE HEARD ThE aBH-iDHARMA/ ThE nYAYA/ ETC.
         aT ThE AGE OF i8/ HE HAD TO PRACT-iSE MED-iTAT-iON AND MAG-iC
         FOR ThREE YEA~S -iN ORDER TO CO~NTERACT ENM-iTY ShOWN BY H-iS
         FAThER'S RELAT-iVES/ AND SUCCEEDED -iN F-iNALLY CRUSh-iNG -iT.
         ~FTER Th-iS HE PROCEEDED TOWARDS kHAMS/ AND AT ThE
         AGE OF 23 HE TOOK UP ThE VOW OF OBSERV-iNG ThE F-iVE
         PRECEPTS ~ MORAL CONDUCT ( SLLAS ) -iN FRONT OF ThE
         ACARYA Bi~STON. tHERE HE PRACT-iSED FOR ONE YEAR ThE MR;ON-
         SPYOD (ABH-iCARA/ EXORC-iSMS). aT ThE AGE OF 24/ ThE BLESS-iNG
         DUE TO H-iS MER-iTOR-iOUS DEEDS WAS BROUGHT FORTh/ AND HE SAW
         -iN A DREAM ThAT AN OBLONG ShAPED AN-iMAL RESEMBL-iNG A SNAKE
         CAME OUT OF H-iS NOSE AFTER A SEVERE BLEED-iNG/ AND D-iSAPPEARED
         -iN ThE D-iRECT-iON OF ThE wESTERN QUARTER. a ThOUGHT OC~URED
         TO H-iM -iN H-iS DREAMH ~'i HAVE ASSOC-iATED W-iTh YOU FOR A LONG
         T-iME/ BUT NOW WE ShALL NOT MEET AGA-iN." wHEN AT MdO/ HE
         FA-iLED To BUY A MDZO (A CROSS-BTEED BETWEEN A YAK AND A DOMES-
         T-ic cow) FROM ONE OF H-iS FR-iENDS/ HAV-iNG O~ERED H-iM (ALL) H-iS GOLD
         AND TURQUO-iSES. tH-iS CAUSED H-iM TO FEEL A STRONG D-iSGUST TOWARDS
         ThE wORLD/ AND HE ThREW AWAY H-iS MAG-iC -iMPLEMENTS AND
         OL~ER-iNGS/ AS WELL AS ThE VESSEL F-iLLED W-iTh BLOOD. h-iS D-iSC-iPLES
         SA-iD ThAT ThE tEACHER HAD GONE RR.AD/ AND BEGGED H-iM NOT TO
         DO -iT~ eXCEPT FOR H-iS ABANDON-iNG S-iNFUL DEEDS (-i.E. MAG-iC)/
         HE FA-iLED -iN GA-iN-iNG ANY RESULTS. aT ThE AGE OF 26/ HE READ
         ThE rATNAKUTA AND A GREAT FA-iTh WAS PRODUCED -iN H-iM. hE
         RECE-iVED ThE F-iNAL MONAST-iC ORD-iNAT-iON FROM ThE UPADHYAYA
         ThE KALYANA-M-iTRA MkHAR-SGO-BA/ ThE ACARYA gRAB-MKHAR-BA
                                                                          p.713
         AND ThE sECRET pRECEPTOR GzUN-L~AN MdO-BA/ AiLD WAS G-iVEN (i36B)
         ThE NAME OF BRtSON-'GTUS-GRAGS. fOR ONE YEAR HE PRACT-iSED
         MED-iTAT-iOR. W-iThOUT LEAV-iNG H-iS MAT/ AND S-iTT-iNG ERCCT. eXCEPT
         DUR-iN~ ThE T-iME OF CHANG-iNG GARMENTS/ HE D-iD NOT LOOSEN H-iS
         BELT/ AND REC-iTED ThE tR-iSKANDHA-SUTRA (~RYA-tR-iSKANDHA-NAMA
         MAHAYANASUTRA/ kG. MdO/ nO. 284). wH-iLE HE WAS OBSERV-
         -iNG Th-iS PRACT-iCE/ HE V-iS-iTED DpAL RgWA-LO WHO HAD COME TO
         sOGS. aS SOON AS HE SAW H-iS FACE/ A PECUL-iAR FA-iTh WAS
         PRODUCED -iN H-iM. hE ASKED H-iM TO G-iVE H-iM -iNSTRUCT-iONS -iN
         MED-iTAT-iON/ AND RgWA-LO SA-iD TO H-iMH "yOU ShOULD AT F-iRST
         DEC-iDE TO OBTA-iN ThE STAGE (GO-'PHAN) OF hERUKA DUR-iNG Th-iS
         VE-iTY L-iFE." (oN HEAT-iNG Th-iS) HE ThOUGHT TO H-iMSELF ThAT ThE
         tEACHER WOULD BESTOW ON H-iM A PUTE PRECEPT OF ThE mANTRA-
         YANA. lATER HE SAW/ HE WAS R-iGHT tHE tEACHER BESTOWED ON
         H-iM ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON -iNTO ThE MANDALA OF SAMADH-i (t-iN-NE-DZ-iN-GY-i
         DBAN)/ AND ThE MAN. DALA DTAWN W-iTh COLOURED STONE-DUST (MADE
         OF POWDERED STONES/ RDUL-TShON) OR RAJA-MANDALA (-iN-iT-iAT-i~N -iNTO
         ThE kALACAKRA). hE ALSO BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE METhOD OF
         PRANAYAMA (RLUN-RTSOL) AND ThE sADANGA (SbYOR-DRUG)/ ETC. hE
         MED-iTATED ON -iT/ AND DEVELOPED HEADACHES/ ETC. tHEN ThE
         tEACHER SA-iD TO H-iMH "yOUR HEADACHES WERE DUE TO YOUR
         ORGANS BE-iNG AFFL-iCTED. yOU ShOULD EAT BONES AND MEAT (HE
         WAS A VEGETAR-iAN). aFTER CUR-iNG ThE A-iLMENT/ ThERE W-iLL
         BE NO NEED OF TAK-iNG BONES AND MEAT." hE ThEN PRACT-iSED
         MED-iTAT-iON -iN SOL-iTATY PLACES OF H-iS NAT-iVE COUNTRY/ BUT WAS
         ~REQUENTLY D-iSTURBED BY DEMONS. a GERM-iNAL D-iSEASE AF~L-iCTED
         H-iM. tHE wENERABLE RgWA-LO BE-iNG FAR AWAY/ HE SENT F-iRST
         A LETTER TO ThE wENERABLE yER-PA-BA/ WHO SENT H-iM H-iS REPLY
         WR-iTTEN ON A P-iECE OF WOOD/ SAY-iNGH "iF Th-iS W-iLL NOT REMOVE
         -iT/ ThEN COME -iN ThE NEXT nEW mOON." lATER HE WENT TO
         MEET H-iM/ AND yER-PA-BA BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE UPAYA-
         MARGA OF nA-RO-PA. hE PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON ON -iT/ AND
         W-iTh-iN ThE SAME N-iGHT ThE "LNNER hEAT" WAS PRODUCED
         -iN H-iM. hE ThEN ThOUGHT ThAT ThE dOCTR-iNES WH-iCH
         HE HAD PREV-iOUSLY PRACT-iSED/ HAD BEEN CONTAM-iNATED BY
         WORLDLY ThOUGHTS/ AND CONFESSED -iT TO H-iS tEACH~R. ~E
                                                                          p.714
         ThEN ENDURED COLD AND HUNGER/ H-iND SPENT H-iS T-iME -iN HERM-iT-
         AGES.
            hE MET RgWA-LO AGA-iN AFTER ThREE YEARS/ ALLD OBTA-iNED
         FROM H-iM ThE REMA-iN-iNG PATT OF ThE PRECEPTS. aFTER ThAT HE
         STAYED AT 'bROL;-BU AND OThER PLACES. hE WAS D-iL-iGENT/ AND
         ACH-iEVED GOOD RESULTS -iN H-iS MED-iTAT-iONS. aT ThE AGE OF 33/
         HE MET ~HE ACAR~/A SgOM-PA WHO BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE lHAN-
         C-iG SkYES-6BYOR (A WELL-KNOWN TEXT OF ThE 'bR-i-KH~U-i-P~ SCC~).
         hE MED-iTATED ACCORD-iNG TO -iT/ AND DEVELOPED ThE YOWER O~ H-iS
         W-iSDOM. hE W~S OF OP-iNLON ThAT HE UNDERSTOOD ThE MEHLN-iNG
         O~ MANY WORDS -iN ThE TEXT OF ThE SCR-iPT~LRES/ BUT ThE
  (137A) ACARYA SgOM-PA SA-iD TO H-iMH ~'iL Th-iS W-iSDOM -iS KNOWN AS
         D-iSCR-iM-iNAT-iVE W-iSDOM (RTAG-DPYAD-KY-i SES-PA). mED-iTATE
         W-iThOUT D-iSCR-iM-iNAT-iNG ~     NYSELF HAD M-iSTAKEN Th-iS
         FOR A BLESS-iNG"/ SA-iD ~AN. hE ThEN iNED-iT~TED/ AND FOR
         ThE F-iRST T-iME HE REAL-iZED ThE NATURE OF ThE uLT-iMATE eSSENCE
         (tATTVATA). hE ULLDERSTOOD sAMSARA AND n-iRVANA/ BHUM-i
         AND MARGA (SA-LAM)/ KARMA AND ThE DOER (KARTR) TO BE W-iThOUT
         BASE AND ROOT (GZ-i-RTSA-DAL-i-BRAL-BA). tHE PROFO~LND DOCTR-iNES
         WH-iCH HE USED TO EXPOUND FORMERLY TO OThERS/ ALSO OBTA-iNED
         ThE-iR TRUE MEAN-iNG AT ThAT T-iME. hE WAS OVERJOYED AND
         BEAT ThE DRUM (TE-TE). hE REPORTED ThE MATTER TO ThE ACARYA
         SgOM-PA/ WHO SA-iD TO H-iMH ~iNDEED Th-iS L-iNE OF ThE BkA'-
         BRGYUD.PAS POSSESSES A BLESS-iNG! sUCH Th-iNGS DO REALLY HAPPEN!
         nOW/ Th-iS -iS A SUDDEN DEVELOPMENT!" tHOUGH HE D-iD POSSESS
         SUCH AN UNDERSTAND-iNG/ (HE NOT-iCED) ThAT -iT DECREASED AT T-iMES/
         AND ThEN AGA-iN -iNCREASED. hE ThEN PRACT-iSED ASS-iDUO~LSLY
         ThE MED-iTAT-iON ON ThE UPAYA-MARGA/ AND (OBSETVED) GRE~T
         -iMPROVEMENT. oNCE HE MET ThE BLA-MA 'oL-KHA-BA/ AND
         OBTHL-iNED PRECEPTS FROM H-iM/ WH-iCH -iMPROVED H-iS COMPASS-iON/
         GOOD W-iLL (MA-iTR-i) AND H-iS BODH-iC-iTTA/ AND ThEN ATTA-iNED SP-iR-i-
         TUAL REAL-iZAT-iON. hE ERCCTED V-iHARAS AND LARGE -iMAGES. tHE
         MATER-iALS NEEDED (FOR ThE CONSTRUCT-iON WORK) HE SOMET-iMES
         OBTA-iNED FROM CERTA-iN PERSONS/ SOME WERE G-iVEN BY OThERS/
         AGA-iN SOME HE SECURED BY US-iNG FORCE. aGA-iNST ThOSE WHO
         D-iD NOT OBEY H-iS ORD-RS/ HE USED TO DESPATCH REPEATEDLY
         Rhe blue annals     715
         
         SOLD-iERS/ AND ~OUGLLT ThEM. iN Th-iS mANNER LLE MAN-iFESTED
         VAR-iOUS DEEDS OF A S-iDDliA/ WLL-iCH WERE D-iL~-iCULT FOR OThERS TO
         BEL-iEVE. ~AN H-iMSELF HAD SA-iD -iN ThE PRECEPTS G-iVEN TO ~O-BO
         lHA-BTSUNaH "i HAVE G-iVEN UP ThE wORLD -iN MY m-iND. tHE
         L-iNK BETWEEN ME AND ThE wORLD HAS BEEN COMPLETELY SEVERED.
         i WAS ABSORBED -iN ThE HEAVENLY NATURE OF NON-OR-iG-iNAT-iON.
         mANY YEARS HAVE PASSED S-iNCE TLLAT T-iME. mANY PEOPLE MAY
         DOUBT ME/ JUDG-iNG ME AFTER MY EXTET-iOR WORKS/ EXCEPT FOR
         SOME STOUT-HEARTED D-iSC-iPLES. w-iTh REGARD TO MY WORLDLY
         L-iFE/ MY ACT-iONS SUCLL AS ThE ERECT-iON OF -iMAGES/ ThE ESTABL-iSh-
         MENT OF MONASTER-iES/ ThE MA-iNTENANCE OF lAW/ ThE PRESERVA-
         T-iON OF GAME (LAM-RGYA)/ PROTECT-iON FROM BR-iGANDS/ F-iGHT-iNG
         OThERS/ SEEMED TO HA-(E BEEN WORLDLY ACT-iONS ONLY/ BUT i CAN
         SWEAR ThAT i ShOULD HAVE D-iED/ -iF i 6AD A WORLDLY BOUND
  (137B) W-iTB-iN MY m-iND." hE LABOURED EXTENS-iVELY FOT ThE WELFARE
         OF OThERS/ AND D-iED AT ThE AGE OT 7 i -iN ThE YEAR wATER-fEMALE-
         oX (CHU-MO-GLAN--i i 93).
            h-iS D-iSC-iPLE/ NAMED AFTER A LOCAL-iTY/ WAS lHA-T-i-BA nAN1-
         MKHA'-'OD/ lHA-PHYUG-PA L~-i-MA-'SD/ kHA-RAG GRA-PA 'dUL-BA-
         'OD/ 'bR-i-RA-~A ~AKYA-'OD/ ThE -iNCOMPARABLE ~AKYA-YE-SES/ bRAG-
         DKAR SES-YES AND OTBERS WHO POSSESSED YOG-iC -iNS-iGHT/ AND A
         GREAT FACULTY TO~ BENEF-iT OThERS. aMONG ThEM gRA-~AL;-PA
         nAM-MKHA'-'OD/ KNOWN AS sANS-RGYAS RAS-CHEN/ FOUNDED TLLE
         iNONASTERY OF lHA-R-i-KHA. DBoN-PO lHA-DGE ACTED (ThERE)
         AS ABBOT. tHEN DBoN. tHEN AGA-iN dEVAKUMARA AND
         OThERS. tHEY FOUNDED ThE ThTEE MONASTER-iES OF lHA-R-i-GYAN-
         MThO AND OThERS. tHEY ALSO FOUNDED ThE 'bTOG-YANS-STEL-iS
         AND OThER MONASTER-iES. L~-i-ZLA-'OD FOUNDED ThE (MONASTERY)
         OF lHA-PHYUG. hE WAS KNOWN To HAVE RECE-iVED ORDERS FROM
         A DHARMAPALA.
            kHA-RAG-PA 'dUL-BA-'ODH H-iS NAT-iVECOUNTRY WAS gRA. hE
         MED-iTATED AT kHA-RAG. hE SUBDUED A NAGA AND MADE H-iM
         TAKE UP ThE VOWS OF AN UPASAKA. h-iS NEPHEW FOONDED A
         MONASTERY/ AND ABOUT i 0/000 MONKS GAThERED T6ERE. a
         BLESSED -iMAGE OF ThE rEL-iG-iOUS pROTECTOR/ AS SEEN BY HLM/
         EX-iSTED AT kHA-RAG bON-DRUG. 'bR-i-RA-BA ~AKYA-'OD FOUNDED
                                                                          p.716
         ThE MONASTERY -iN ThE nORTh (bYAR;). h-iS LABOURS ON BEHALF
         OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS WERE GREAT. hE ALSO HAD NLLMEROUS D-iSC-iPLES
         WHO. WERE ABLE TO BENEF-iT OThERS. fURThER/ bRAG-DKAR SES-YES'
         D-iSC-iPLES--SbRA/ SgOM AND OThERS/ WHO POSSESSED YOG-iC -iNS-iGHT.
         ~tHE cHA~TER ON ~s.AR; r-iN-PO-CHE AND H-iS D-iSC-iPLES.
         ~HAN r-iN-PO-CHE'S SUCCESSOR/ ThE -iNCOMPARABLE ~AKYA YE-SES
         WAS BORN -iN ThE ~EAR f-iRE-fEMALE-hARE (ME-MO-YOS--1i47
         a.d.). aT ThE AGE OF 48/ -iN ThE YEAT wOOD-t-iGER (S-iR;
         STAG--1194 a d.) HE WAS APPO-iNTED ABBOT. hE D-iED AT ThE
         AGE OF 6i. nEXT YEAR/ AN eARTh-mALE-dRAGON YEAR (SA-PHO-
         'BRUG--1208 a.d.~/ ThE ACARYA bYAN-YES WAS APPO-iNTE~
         (ABBOT). tHEN AFTER ThREE YEARS/ -iN ThE YEAR~ iRON-mALE-
         hORSE (iCAGS-PHO-RTA--1210 a.d.) HE ENTRUSTED ThE CHA-iR
  (138A) TO lHA-PHYUG MKHAR-BA. iN ThE NEXT wOOD-mALE.dOG (S-iR;-
         PHO-KHY-i--1214 a.d.) YEAR sANS-RGYAS-'BUM WAS APPO-iNTED
         TO ThE CHA-iR. tHEN. AFTER 18 YEARS/ -iN ThE YEAR iRON-
         fEMALE-hARE (iCAGS-MO-YOS--1231 a.d.) SgOM-PA yE-
         SES-LDAN EXPELLED sANS-RGYAS-'BUM/ AND sAR;S-RGYAS SR-i-iN-PO
         WAS NOM-iNATE-L TO ThE CHA-iR. sEVEN YEARS AFTER ThAT/
         -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-hEN (ME-BYA--1237 a. d.) HE D-iED.
         iN ThE FOLLOW-iNG eARTh-mALE-dOG (SA-PHO-KHY-i--1238 a. d.)
         r-iN-PO-CHE sANS-RGYAS GZON-N~L WAS APPO-iNTED TO TL-iE CHA-iR.
         iN ThE F-iFTh YEAR OF H-iS ABBOTSh-iP/ -iN ThE wATER-t-iGER
         (CHU-STAG--1242 a. d.) YEAR/ ThE ABBOT sANS-RGYAS-'BUM-ME
         WAS PERM-iTTED TO RETURN/ AND FOUNDED SgOM-SDE. sAR;S-GZON-
         PA D-iED -iN ThE YEAR iRON-aPE (iCAGS-SPRE'U--1260 a. d.) AFTER
         OCCUPY-iNG ThE CHA-iR FOR 23 YEARS. tHE r-iN-PO-CHE GsER-KHAN-
         STENS-PA kUN-DGA' RGYAL-MTShAN WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR wATER-
         fEMALE-sHEEP (CHU-MO-LUG--1~23 a. d.). aT ThE AGE OF 38/
         HE WAS APPO-iNTED TO ThE ABBOT'S CHA-iR/ AND OCCUP-iED ThE CHA-iR
         FOR 33 YEARS. hE PASSED AWAY AT ThE AGE OF 7O -iN ThE YEAR
         wATER-dRAGON (CHU-'BRUG--L~92 a. d.). r-iN-PO-CHE sANC
         R-iN-PA/ BORN -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-fEMALE-sHEEP (ME-MO-LUG--1247
         a. d.)/ WAS APPO-iNTED TO ThE CHA-iR AT ThE AGE OF 46. hE
         D-iED AT ThE AGE OF 55/ -iN ThE YEAR iRON-oX (iCAG~GLAN--1301
         a. d.). iN ThE SAME YEAR/ r-iN-PO-CHE ~AKYA-'BUM-PA/ BORR~
                                                                          p.717
         -iN ThE YEAR wOOD-fEMALE-oX (S-iN-MO-GLAN--1265 a. d.)/
         AGED 37/ WAS APPO-iNTED TO ThE CHA-iR. aFTER H-iM/ -iN ThE 12Th
         MONTh OF ThE wATER-mALE-t-iGER YEAR (CHU-PHO-STAG--1302
         a.d.) t-i-SRL (t-i-Sh-iH) gRAGS-PA 'OD-ZER PASSED AWAY. tH-iS
         wATER-mALE-t-iGER (CHU-PHO-STAG--1302 a. d.) -iS ThE (B-iRTh)
         YEAR OF ThE ACARYA bYAN-RGYAL. iN ThE YEAR wATER-fEMALE/
         hARE (CHU-MO-YOS--1303 a. d.) '~AM-DBYANS r-iN-RGYAL PRO-
         CEEDED TO ThE iMPER-iAL p~LACE. r-iN-PO-CHE ~AKYA-'BUM-PA
         OCCUP-iED ThE CHA-iR FOR LO YEARS AND PASSED AWAY -iN ThE YEAR
         iRON-mALE-dOG (iCAGS-PHO-KHY-i--1310 a. d.). r-iN-PO-CHE
         bYAN-CNUB DPAL-BZAN-PO/ AGED 30/ WAS APPO-iNTED TO ThE CHA-iR
         DUR-iNG ThAT YEAR. hE WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR ~RON-sERPENT
         (iCAGS-SBRUL--1281 a. d.)/ OCCUP-iED ThE CHA-iR FOR 47 YEARS/
         AND D-iED -iN ThE YEAR f-iRC-mALE-aPE (ME-PHO-SPRE'U--1356
         a. d.). aFTER H-iLN SpYAN-SNA gRAGS-PA BSES-GR-iEN-PA/ WHO
         WAS BOTN -iN ThE YEAR wATER-mALE-dOG (CHU-PHO-KHY-i--132~
         a. d.). aT ThE AGE OF 36/ -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-fEMALE-hEN (ME-
         M~BYA--1357 a. d.) HE WAS APPO-iNTED TO ThE ABBOT'S CHA-iR.
         hE ACTED AS ABBOT FOT 24 YEARS/ AND D-iED AT ThE AGE (/F 6A -iN
         ThE YEAR iRON-hEN (iCAGS-BYA--1381 a. d.). aFTER Th~T/
         FROM ThE YEAR wATER-dOG (CHU-KHY-i--1382 a. d.) TO ThE
         YEAR f-iRE-aPE (ME-SPRE--14(6 a. d.) 95 YEARS HAVE PASSED. iN
  (138B) GENERAL/ FROM ThE B-iRTh OF H~AN r-iN-PO-CHE TO ThE YEAR f-iRE-aPE
         (ME-SPRE--1476 a.d.) 354 YEARS HAVE PASSED. tHE cHAPTER
         ON ThE SUCCESS-iON OF ABBOTS OF MtShAL gUN-ThAN (S-iTUATED -iN
         ThE V-iC-iN-iTY OF lHA SA/ ON ThE SOUTh BANK OF ThE SkY-i-CHU).
         dUN-TShO RAS-PA/ AN -iLLCARNAT-iON OF SkYE-PO YE-RDOT (yE-SES
         RDO-R~E)/ A D-iSC-iPLE OF ThE dHARMAS~/RAM-iN Sg~M-PO-PA (ONE OF
         LO8 FAMOUS GTER-BTONS PAS) hE WAS BORN AS ThE M-iDDLE SON
         OF ThE ThREE SONS BORN TO FAThER H~AN-SGOM 'BYUN-GNAS-'OD AND
         MOThER kHU-MO kHYE-'DRCN ~BUM AT GyAG-MKHAR SNON-PO OF
         yAR-KLUNS GCEN-PA. s-iNCE H-iS CH-iLDHOOD HE BECAME A D-iSC-iPLE
         OF SpYAN-SNA GsER-ThOG PA AT GdAN-SA tHEL. aFTER H-iS HA-iR
         HAD BEEN CUT/ HE OBTA-iNED (-iNSTRUCT-iON) -iN ThE dOCTR-iNE/ AND
         WAS G-iVEN ThE NAME O~ ~ES-RAB RGYAL-MTShAN. aFTER Th-iS LLE
         BECAME ThE D-iSC-iPLE OF A V-iTTUOUS ASCET-iC/ BELONG-iNG TO ThE
                                                                          p.718
         'bRUG-PA SECT WHO WAS RES-iD-iNG -iN H-iS NAT-iVE PLACE/ AND OF
         lHA-SGOM. hE ThEN OBTA-iNED MANY -iNSTRUCT-iONS -iN PENANCE
         (DK~ ThUB) FROM 'kHRUL-Z-iG kHAMS-PA ~T kHA-RAG lHA-MTShO/
         WHO TOLD H-iMH ~'gO TO ThE TURQUO-iSE LAKE OF bA-YUL. tHERE
         YOU W-iLL ACH-iEVE YOUR PURPOSE/" fOLLOW-iNG ON Th-iS ADV-iCE/
         HE JOURNEYED TOWARDS TLLE TURQUO-iSE L~KE OF bA-YUL/ WHERE HE
         FOUND A HUT ON ThE SUMM-iT OF A SMALL H-iLL. tHERE HE PRAC-
         T-iSED MED-iTAT-iON ACCOMPAN-iED BY PENANCE. a GREAT EXH-iB-iT-iON
         OF DEMON-iC POWER TOOK PLACE. fROM UNDER ThE DOOR OF H-iS
         HUT/ AT NOT A GREAT DEPTh/ ThERE CAME OUT F-iRST P-iECES OF
         CLLARCOAL. hE DUG/ AND D-iSCOVERED A LUMP OF WAX. hAV-iNG
         BROKEN -iT/ HE EXAM-iNED -iT/ AND D-iSCOVERED (-iNS-iDE) A L-iST OF
         H-iDDEN OBJECTS (GtER-GY-i HHA-BYAR;) BUR-iED BY ThE lORD SgAM-
         PO-PA -iN ThE L;LKE CALLED mANDAL NAG-PO/ S-iTUATED BEYOND
         SgAM-PO. hE UNDERSTOOD ThAT HE W~S ThE MAN -iND-iCATE~
         -iN ThE PROPHECY WHO W~S TO D-iSCOVER ThE H-iDDEN TREASURE/ AND
         DEC-iDED TO LEAVE ThE PLACE. hE COULD NOT PROCEED ThROUGH
         GyE BECAUSE OF HEHLVY SNOWS. tHEN HAV-iNG T-iED A ROPE TO A
         TREE/ HE SL-iD DOWN ThE PREC-iP-iCE TO dAGS-PO. hE ThEN CROSSED
         ThE GtSAL-i-PO -iN A F-iShERMAN'S BOAT AND REACHED SgAM-PO.
         hE TOOK UP ThE F-iNAL MONAST-iC ORD-iNAT-iON FROM ThE r-iN-PO-CHE
         RdOR-BLO-BA/ AND RECE-iVED ThE NAME OF r-iN-CHEN BZAN-PO. hE
         HEARD (ThE EXP~S-iT-iON) OF ThE DgOR;S-GC-iG (ThE 'bR-i-KHUN
         DGONS-GC-iG/ CONTA-iN-iNG ThE M~-iN DOCTR-iNE OF ThE 'bR-i-KHUR;-PA
         SECT). hAV-iNG FOUND OUT FROM ThE ABOVE MEin~-iONED L-iST ThAT
         HE WAS To D-iSCOVER ThE H-iDDEN DOCTR-iNE/ -iN ThE dARK mOON
         BETWEEN ThE YEAR wOOD-fE-iNALE-hARE (S-iL-i-MO-YOS--1315
         a. d.) AND TLLE YEAR f-iRE-mALE-dRAGON (ME-PH~'BRUG--1316
  (139A) a. d.)/ HE PROCEEDED TLLERE ON ThE 2GTh DAY OF ThE 12Th
         MONTh OF ThE YEAR wOOD-hARE (S-iN-YOS--13~5 a. d.)/ -iN ThE
         COMPANY OF AN ATTENDANT. .ii TOLD LL-iM TLLAT LLE WOULD BE
         UNABLE TO F-iND ThE SPOT. bUT JUST ThE SAME HE WENT ThERE ~S
         D-iRECTED -iN ThE GU-iDE-BOOK/ AND WAS ABLE TO F-iND ThE SPOT.
         h-iS ~TTEND~NT SHLW ON ThE SURF~CE OF TLLE -iCE OF ThE LOWER L~KE
         ;i BRONZE -iM~GE Oe ;~N -iCHNEUMON (NE'U~ )/ YELLOW-iSh -iN COLOUR.
         tHE ;iTCCNDLLLT S;L-iDH ~ LT -iNUST L?E TL~E CLLEST OF ~ DE~D VULTURE.
                                                                          p.719
         wE HAD BETTER REMOVE -iT." sAY-iNG SO/ HE PUShED -iT OF~ W-iTh
         H-iS FOOT. dUN-TShO R~S-PA ThEN SA-iD To H-iS ATTENDANTH ~bY
         DO-iNG SUCH A Th-iNG ON A SACRED LAKE OF ThE DESERT VALLEY/ YOU
         MAY GET LEPROSY!" aND HAV-iNG SA-iD SO/ HE FLED AWAY. tHE
         ATTENDANT ALSO ~ED/ AND LA~ER HE SENT H-iM BACK TO SgAM-PO.
         hE ThEN CUT DOWN A jUN-iPER TREE OF A -iNAN'S HE-iGHT/ AND T-iED
         TO -iT A WH-iCE SCARF/ AND HO-iSCED -iC ON ThE ShORE OF ThE LAKE.
         hE FOUND OUT FROM CHE L-iSC CHAC HE WAS CO PERFORM A SACR-iF-i-E
         TO ThE (LOCAL DE-iCY) OF dA;~S-LHA SgAM-PO AND TO A CERTA-iN SP-iR-iT
         (BTSAN--A bON-PO TERM DENOT-iNG A DE-iTY W-iTh A RED BODY/
         OR-iG-iNALLY AN ANCESTRAL SP-iR-iT OR ThE SP-iR-iT OF A DECEASED K-iNG).
         hE D-iD SO/ AND ~HEN D-iSCOVERED UNDER ThE -iCE/ AT ThE DEPTh OF
         ONE CUB-iT (KHRU)/ A STONE BOX -iNS-iDE WH-iCH HE FOUND AN -iMAGE
         OF AN -iCHNEUMON. hE TOOK -iT OUT A~TER BTEAK-iNG ThE L-iGATURE
         WH-iCH JO-iND -iT TO ThE BOX/ AND BROUGHT -iT TO ThE ShORE O~ ThE
         LAKE. hE ThEN L-iT A F-iRE AND MELTED ThE WAX/ AND.ThEN
         OPENED -iT iNS-iDE HE FOUND SOME BOOKS COVERED W-iTh LEAThER
         FROM ThE OUTS-iDE/ AND W-iTh S-iLK/ JEWELS AND F-iVE K-iNDS OF CEREALS
         FTOM ThE -iNS-iDE. iNS-iDE ThEM HE FOUND A ROLL OF PAPER/ hE
         LEARNT BY HEART ThE TEXT -iNSCR-iBED~ ON ThE ROLL/ AND ThEN PLACED
         -iT -iNS-iDE ThE -iMAGE OF -iCHNEUMON/ AND H-iD ThE -iMAGE -iN A
         CRACK -iN ThE ROCK. tHE REST (OF ThE BOOKS) HE TOOK AWAY/ AND
         RETURNED TO SgAM-PO. hE L~ED AWAY AFTER A FEW DAYS BE-iNG
         AFRA-iD ThAT SOME ONE M-iGHT TAKE AWAY ThE Th-iNGS FROM H-iM.
         hE REACHED tSA-R-i/ AND -iNTENDED TO PRACT-iSE PROP-iT-iAT-iONS A~
         kA-LA dUN-MTShO DUR-iNG ONE YEAR. hE ThOUGHTH 'cOMPA-
         N-iONS ONLY D-iSTURB ME. i KNOW TL -iS MYSELF"/ AND SO WENT ON.
         hE BU-iLT A HUT FOR H-iMSELF/ GAThERED NECESSARY PROV-iS-iONS AND
         SPENT ONE YEAR PROP-iT-iAT-iNG. bEFORE ThE BEG-iNN-iNG OF ThE
         AUTUMN SNOW-FALLS/ A PARTY OF SOME 800 HERM-iTS CAME ThERE
         ON A P-iLGR-iMAGE. sOME OThERS HAD GONE TOWARDS ThE UPPER
         COUNTRY. oNE NAMED 'gRO-MGON r-iN-CHEN-MDZES O~ MtShAL-
         PA pHYUG-PO SA-iD TO H-iMH "yOU ARE -iN POSSESS-iON OF SOME
         PROFOUND H-iDDEN DOCTR-iNES (GTER-CHOS)/ i AM AS!~-iNG FOR ThEM!"
         --'~wHO HAD SA-iD SO?" -iNQU-iRED dUN-TShO RAS-PA. ~a CROW
         HAD SA-iD -iT" REPL-iED r-iN-CHEN-MDZES. bECAUSE ThE LATTER WAS
                                                                          p.720
         CHARAC~ER-iZED BY A V-iRTUOUS CONDUCT/ dUR;-TShO RAS-PA BESTOWED
         ON H-iM ThE UNDERSTAND-iNG OF ThE PRECEPTS -iNCLUD-iNG ThE DOCTR-iNE
         OF ThE EKARASA (RO-GC-iG/ ~ONE-T~AVOUR" DOCTR-iNE)/ WH-iCH HE D-iD
         NOT BESTOW ON OThERS/ AND AN EXCELLENT YOG-iC -iNS-iGHT (RTOGS-PA)
         WAS PRODUCED -iN H-iM (r-iN-CHEN-MDZES). aFTER ThA~ HE ALSO
         GU-iDED SOME 800 COTTON-CLAD ASCET-iCS (RAS-PA). lATER HE
  (139B) LABOURED FOR ThE WELFARE OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS -iN MANY REG-iONS/
         SUCH AS lHO/ G~AL/ AND OThET PLACES. iN ThE END/ HE SPENT A
         CONS-iDERABLE T-iME AT RdZA-CHU dAR-MO OF gRAN-MO. hE HAD
         NUMEROUS D-iSC-iPLES/ BUT ThE HOLDERS OF H-iS sP-iR-iTUAL l-iNEAGE
         WEREH ThE BLA-MA kHRUL-Z-iG SnA'U-PA/ tSA-R-i RAS-PA1 bYE-MA
         RA~PA/ dOM-TShAN RA~PA/ SgROD-LUR;-PA/ StAG-TShAR; RAS-PA/
         AND OThERS.
            aMONG ThESE SnA'U bYA-BRAL-PAH H-iS NAT-iVE COUNTRY WAS
         zUR-MKHAR. hE RECE-iVED ORD-iNAT-iON AT zA-LUN AND WAS G-iVEN
         ThE NAME OF Rd~R~E-MDZES. hE MET 'gRO-MGON dUN-MTSh~
         BA AT kA-LA dUN-MTShO/ AND ThE LATTER PREACHED TO H-iM ThE
         COMPLETE PAPER-ROLL (SOG-DR-iL) WH-iCH WAS -iN H-iS POSSESS-iON.
         hE ATTENDED WELL ON ThE BLA-MA AND PRACT-iSED M-iND-CONCEN-
         TRAT-iON AT SnA'U GANS-RA. hE BECAME KNOWN AS SnA'U bYA-
         BTAL-PA (ThE ASCET-iC OF SnA'U). hE ALSO RES-iDED AT MANY
         HERM-iTAGES AND ATTA-iNED SP-iR-iTUAL REAL-iZAT-iON OF ThE ~gREAT
         sEAL" (mAHAMUDRA). aFTER H-iS DEATh NUMEROUS REL-iCS WERE
         RECOVERED (FROM ThE AShES). hE WAS SUCCEEDED BY ThE MAHA-
         GURU (BLA-MA CHEN-PO) r-iN-CHEN GZON-NU WHO BELONGED TO
         ThE MkHA'-RE CLAN. hE WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR wATER-fEMALE-
         hEN (CHU-MO-BYA--1333 a. d.)/ -iN ThE 41ST YEAR OF tShE-BZ-i
         R~L-iN-MA-BA/ -iN ThE NOMAD COUNTRY OF 'pHYOS-KHA-SG-iN. hE
         BECAME A D-iSC-iPLE OF tShE-BZ-i R~L-iR-i-MA-BA AND RECE-iVED ORD-i-
         NAT-iON AT ThE AGE OF 9. hE HEATD ASS-iDUOUSLY ThE EXPOS-iT-iON
         OF ThE dOCTR-iNE. aT ThE AGE O~ 22/ HE PROCEEDED TOWARDS
         t-i-SE (kA-iLASA). hE SPENT 22 YEARS (PLUdGED) -iN CONSTANT
         MED-iTAT-iON (RTSE-GC-iG)/ F-iRST FOR FOUR YEARS AT t-i-SE.
         AND ThEN 18 YEARS AT ~HHU-BAR/ AND ATTA-iNED A YOG-iC -iNS-iGHT
         -iNTO ThE SYSTEM OF ThE "gREAT sEAL" (mALLAMLLDRA). hE
         POSSCSSED ThE FACULTY OF PRESC-iENCE. hE REAL-iZED ThE uLT-iMATE
                                                                          p.721
         rEAL-iTY (DE-KHO-NA-N-iD/ tAThATA). hE POSSESSED A ShARP
         -iNTELLECT/ AND BECAUSE OF -iT HE WAS ABLE TO DEFEAT CLLE BOASTFUL
         PR-iDE OF OThETS. wHEN kAR MA-PA DkON-GZON CAME TO T~HHU-
         BAR/ ThEY HELD A D-iSCUSS-iON ON ThE dOCTR-iNE/ AND HE DEFEATED
         kAR-MA-PA/ hE PLACED ON ThE LATTER'S HEAD H-iS FLAT BLA-TNA
         HAT (ThAN-ZU) AND SA-iDH ~yOU ARE NOT A SCHOLAR. i AM TL~E
         SCHOLAR!" hE WAS NOT AFRA-iD TO MEET SCHOLARS WHOM HE
         HAPPENED TO COME ACROSS. h-iS ENT-iRE L-iFE WAS SPENT -iN ASCET-iC
         PRACT-iCES. tHOUGH HE LLAD BEEN ThE TEACHER OF MANY PEOPLE/
         -iNCLUD-iNG ThE GREA~ OFF-iC-iAL (GON-MA CHEN-PO M-i-DBAN) gRAGS-
  (140A) PA RGYAL-MTShAN/ HE USED TO RES-iDE -iN SOL-iTUDE WHENEVER HE
         V-iS-iTED A MONASTERY/ AND EVEN BU-iLT H-iS O~1VN F-iRE-PLACE. iNS-iDE
         H-iS CELL HE USED TO DRESS -iN ALL SORTS ~ GARMENTS
         iT -iS SA-iD ThAT H-iS D-iL-iGENCE -iN MED-i/AT-iON WAS SO GREAT/
         ThAT H-iS BUTTOCKS BECAME S-iM-iLAR TO ThOSE OF ThE wENERABLE
         m-iD-LA (-iN ThE CHAPTER ON SgAM-P~PA -iN ThE m-iD-LA-I
         MGUR-'BUM (m-iD-LA-I MGUR-'BUM RGYAS-PA/ FOL. 2i9 A)/ ThE
         FOLLOW-iNG STORY -iS TOLDH wHEN SgAM-PO-PA WAS LEAV-iNG m-iD-
         LA'S HERM-iTAGE/ m-iD LA SAW H-iM Oe AS FAR AS A STREAM/ AND
         SA-iD TO H-iMH ~1 ST-iLL HAVE A VERY H-iDDEN SECRET. sHOULD i
         TELL -iT To YOu/ OR NOT?" aFTER REPEAT-iNG ThESE WORDS SEVERAL
         T-iMES/ ThE wENERABLE oNE SA-iDH ~YOU ARE MY ONLY SON!
         wHY ShOULD NOT i TELL -iT TO YOU?"/ AND SAY-iNG SO/ HC ShOWED
         SgAM-PO-PA H-iS BUTTOCKS WH-iCH HAD BECOME COMPLETELY MORT-i-
         F-iED FROM H-iS CONSTANT S-iTT-iNG -iN MED-iTAT-iON. tHE wENERABLE
         oNE ADDEDH "aLL ThE SECRET OF MED-iTAT-iON -iS BASED ON D-iL-i-
         GENCE!" SgAM-PO-PA USED TO SAY ThAT "ThESE WORDS WERE L-iKE
         A NA-iL WH-iCH P-iERCED H-iS HEART"). tHOUGH HE HAD MANY
         D-iSC-iPLES/ ThE CH-iEF ONE WAS SpYAN-SNA r-iN-PO-CHE BsOD-NAMS.
         RGYAL-MTShAN BZAN-PO. hE HEARD ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE sEMS-
         KHR-iD (iNTRODUCT-iON TO ONE'S OWN m-iND) FROM ThE BlA-CHEN-PA
         (r-iN-GZON-PA)/ AND WROTE ALSO A GU-iDE-BOOK ON -iT. hE ALSO
         PREACHCD ThE dOCTT-iNE TO NUMEROUS D-iSC-iPLES. tHE SATPURUSA
         (SKYES-BU DAM-PA) nAM-MKHA' BSOD-NAMS-PA WAS A D-iSC-iPLE OF
         ThESE TWO. hE OBTA-iNED ThE H-iDDEN PRECCPTS FROM ThESE TWO
         HOLY TEACHERS AND PRACT-iSED ThEM. hE WENT FOR A ShORT WH-iLE
                                                                          p.722
         TO ThE uPPER VALLEY O~ TkYAN TO PRACT-iSE G~OD. wH-iLE HE
         WAS S-iTT-iNG AT ThE FOOT O~ A TREE/ WH-iCH ~AS DREADED (BY LOCAL
         PEOPLE)/ ThE UNDERSTAND-iT-iG O~ ThE ~gREAT sEAL" (mAHAMUDRA)
         WAS OORN -iN H-iM. hENCEFORTh HE REMOVED ALL MENTAL -iMAGES
         CONNECTED W-iTh Th-iS WORLDLY L-iFE/ AND SPENT H-iS T-iME -iN MED-i-
         TAT-iON W-iThOUT LEAV-iNG H-iS MAT AT ThE ROCK OF BsAG-MO. hE
         WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR eARTh-mALE-hORSE (SA-PHO-RTA--1378
         a. d.) WHEN ThE MAHA-GURU r-iN-GZON-PA WAS 46. hE D-iED
         AT ThE AGE O~ 89 -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-mALE-dOG (ME-PHO-KHY-i--
         1466 a- d-)-
            oNE KNOWN AS ~HHOS-~BY-iNS-PA ATTENDED ON S-iX D-iRECT
         D-iSC-iPLES OF dUN-MTShO RAS-PA/ SUCH AS SnA'U-PA AND OThERS/
         AND HEARD PRECEPTS ON ThE sEMS-KHR-iD. h-iS NAT-iVE PLACE WAS
         lOWER StOD-LUNS-~RAM. h-iS ~AM-iLY NAME WAS mYA-i-i. ~E
         WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR wOOD-~iALE-mOUSE ~S-iN-PHO-BY-i BA--
         1324 a. d.) AS SON OF FAThER pHUR-PA-SKYABS AND MOThER
         RdO-R~E-RGYAN. iN H-iS CH-iLDHOOD HE WAS TAKEN BY L~-iS PHLRENTS
         -iNTO ThE PRESENCE O~ ThE dHARMASVAM-iN rAN-BYUN RDO-R~E/
         AND ASKED FOR H-iS BLESS-iNG. hE WAS G-iVEN ThE NAME O~
         RdO-R~E BKZA-S-iS. aT ThE A;/E OF 7 OR 9/ HE MASTERED ThE
         ALPHABET/ AND STUD-iED SOME OF ThE R-iTES W-iTh ThE BLA~A
         DpAL-B~AN-PA. aT ThE AGE O~ 12/ HE ~ED TO BECOME A
         MONK/ AND RECE-iVED ORD-iNAT-iON AT MtShAL/ ThE MAHA-
         UPADHYAYA DbAN-PHYUG SES-RAB ACT-iNG AS UPADHYAYA/ AND
         r-iN-PO-CHE bYAN-CHUB DPAL-BZAN ACT-iNG AS ACARYA. hE RECE-iV-
         ED ThE NAME OF DbAN-PHYUG RDO-R~E. hE STUD-iED UNDER
  (140B) ThE BLA-MA PAND-iTA kUN-DGA' RGYA~-MTShAN AND OThERS. aT
         ThE AGE OF 14/ HE PREACL-ED ThE hEVAJRA-tANTRA (BRtAG-GN-iS)
         AND ThE bE-DMAR (bE-'BUM DMAR-PO/ NAME O~ A tANTR-iC BOOK).
         aT ~HE AGE O~ 21/ HE BECAME A D-iSC-iPLE OF BsAM-GTAN DPAL-BA/
         AND RECE-iVED OTD-iNAT-iON -iN H-iS PRESENCE/ ASS-iSTED BY ThE UPA-
         DHYAYA sEN-GE DPAL-BA AND OThERS/ AND RECE-iVE(-i ThE NAME
         OF ~HHOS-DBY-iT-iS DBAN-PHYU;/. fURThER/ HE OBTA-iNED MANY
         DOCTR-iNES FROM GyAG-SDE PAN-CHEN AND OThERS. fOLLOW-iNG A
         PRESS-iNG REQUEST FROM ThE ABBOT OF MtShAL/ HE ACTED AS ABBOT
         OF MkHAR-MGON. oNE N-iGHT -iN H-iS DREAM HE SH-iW F-iVE VERY.
                                                                          p.723
         BEAUT-iFUL WOMEN WHO TOLD H-iM TO COME ALONG/ AND iCD H-iM
         TOWARDS A LARGE V-iHARA. oN OPEN-iNG ThE GATE/ HE FOUND
         -iNS-iDE A LARGE ROOM CONTA-iN-iNG NUMEROUS P-iLES OF BOOKS.
         tHERE WERE ALSO SEVERAL OThER NEW DOORS W-iThOUT PA-iNT. oN
         OPEN-iNG ThEM ONE BY ONE/ HE SAW ROOMS F-iLLED W-iTh BOOKS.
         tHEY (ThE WOMEN) ThEN HANDED H-iM A B-iG BUNDLE OF KEYS/
         AND SA-iDH "tAKE CHARGE OF ThESE! iT W-iLL BE OF GREAT SERV-iCE
         TO ThE dOCTR-iNE." nEXT MORN-iNG BLA-MA SnA'U-PA/ WHO
         HAD SPENT -iN SECLUS-iON N-iNE YEARS AT 'bROR;-PHU W-iThOUT
         COM-iNG DOWN FROM ThE MOUNTA-iN/ ARR-iVED ThERE AND MET H-iM.
         tHEY HELD A DEBATE ON ThE dOCTR-iNE/ AND FA-iTh WAS BORN -iN
         H-iM. ~E ThEN BESTOWED ON ThE BLA-MA ThE pHYAG-RGYA CHEN-
         PO GA'U-MA (ANOThER NAME OF lHAN-GC-iG SKYES-SBYOR/ A FUN-
         DAMENTAL TEXT OF ThE 'bR-i-KHUR;-PA SECT/ WH-iCH FOLLOWS ThE
         dOCTR-iNE OF mAHAMUDRA)/ AND OThER TEXTS. iN RETURN/ ThE
         BLA-MA BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE cYCLE OF sEMS-KHR-iD/ AND SA-iD ThAT
         HE A]SO HAD BEEN SUMMONED (TO COME HERE) BY A WOMAN -iN H-iS
         DREAM/ AND ~HUS CAME HERE. hE ADDED ~nOW/ i HAVE
         ENTRUSTED ThE dOCTR-iNE TO -iTS OWNER ! mY L-iFE HAS BECOME
         FRU-iTFUL!" AND FELT PLEASED. tHE pREC-iOUS ~HHOS-DBY-iR;S-PA
         USED TO SAYH ~tHROUGH (MED-iTAT-iON) ON ThE -iNSEPARABLE
         NATURE OF ThE wO-iD (SUNYATA) AND m-iND/ WH-iCH REPRESENTS ThE
         aBSOLUTE (CHOS-R-i-iD)/ WH-iCH PERVADES ThE ENT-iRE wORLD AND
         ThE L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS (SNAR;-SR-iD)/ L-iKE DYE COVERS ThE ENT-iRE
         CDGE OF A BOOK/ i HAVE OPENED ThE EYES ON ThE cAUSE AND
         eFFECT OF ThE pHENOMENAL eX-iSTENCE (SAMSARA) AND n-iRVAR-iA/
         REMOVED ThE DOUBTS/ REACHED ThE DEPTh/ DUG ThE FOUNDAT-iON/
         AND REMOVED ThE FLOOR. tH-iS ALL -iS DUE TO H-iS GRACE!"
         hE COMPOSED MANY BOOKS FOLLOW-iNG ThE -iNSTRUCT-iONS OF
         'kHRUL Z-iG-PA iN ALL/ HE ATTENED ON ~O8 TEACHERS. hE ALSO
  (141A) OBTA-iNED -iNSTRUCT-iON -iN REL-iG-iON FROM RgYAL-SRAS dR-i-MED-PA
         (KlON CHEN RAB-'BYAMS-PA! lATER H-iS LABOURS BECAME GREAT.
         -iLE HE WAS RES-iD-iNG -iN ThE NORTh OF GtSAN-RON/ ThE dHAR-
         NLAS~AM-iN BlO-GROS BZAN-PO HEARD FROM H-iM ThE sEMS-KHR-iD.
         h~S L-iFE-STORY HAS BEEN TOLD BEFORE. tHE MAHA-UPADH~AYA
         r-iN-CHEN DPAL-BZAN-PO OF lHAG-RU NEARD ThE sEMS-KHR-iD FROM
                                                                          p.724
         ThE "tWENTY sECOND" dHARMASVAM-iN AND BlO-B~ANS-PA. hE
         BESTOWED -iT ON ~WA-DMAR RtOGS-LDAN r-iN-PO-CHE. a~TER Th-iS/
         ThE dOCTR-iNE WAS HANDED DOWN TO ThE pREC-iOUS n-iR-iNANA-KAYA
         DpAL cHOS-KY-i GRAGS-PA/ WHO TOOK POSSESS-iON OF -iT. s-iNCE ThE
         D-iSCOVERY OF ThE H-iDDEN DOCTR-iNE OF ThE sEMS-KHR-iD (sEMS-
         KHR-iD-KY-i GTER) -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-mALE-dRAGON (ME-PHO-'BRUG--
         1316 a.d.) TO ThE PRESENT f-iRE-mALE-aPE YEAR (ME-PHO-
         SPRE'U---i476 a.d.) 162 YEARS HAVE PASSED. tL~E cHAPTER
         ON ThE l-iNEAGE OF sEMS-KHR-iD.
            tHUS Th-iS SUB-SECT KNOWN AS ThE DpAL dAGS-PO-I BkA'
         BRGYUD DOES NOT REPRESENT ThE l-iNEAGE OF ThE wORD/ BUT
         REPRESENTS ThAT OF ThE mEAN-iNG (DON). (tHE WORD) ~MEAN/
         -iNG" MEANS HERE ThE '~l-iNEAGE OF UNDERSTAND-iNG OF ThE
         -iMMACULATE ~gREAT sEAL' (mAHAMUDRA)." tHE tEACHER FRONL
         WHOM WAS OBTA-iNED ThE UNDERSTAND-iNG OF ThE ~gREAT sEAL"
         (mAHAMUDRA) ShOULD BE CALLED ThE MULA-GURU (RtSA-BA-I BLA-
         MA)/ OR ThE ~oR-iG-iNAL tEACHER". tHE UNDERSTAND-iNG OF ThE
         ~gREAT sEAL" (mAHAMUDR^) ShOULD BE CONS-iDERED TO CORRESPOND
         TO ThE SAMPANNAKRAMA DEGREE (RDZOGS-R-iM)/ BECAUSE DUR-iNG
         ThE T-iME OF lORD mAR-PA AND ThE wENERABLE m-iD-LA ThE
         W-iSDOM O~ ThE ~LNNER hEAT" (GTUM-MO-I YE-SES) WAS PRODUCED
         ~RST/ AND ThROUGH -iT WAS PRODUCED ThE UNDERSTAND-iNG O~ ThE
         ~gTEAT sEAL" (mAHAMUDRA). dAGS-PO r-iN-CHE PRODUCED AN
         UNDERSTAND-iNG OF TBE ~'gREAT sEAL" (mAHAMUDRA) -iN ThOSE
         AD-i-KARM-iKAS (LAS DAN-PO-PA) WHO HAD NOT OBTA-iNED -iN-iT-iA-
         T-iON. tH-iS -iS ThE SYSTER~ OF ThE pRAJNAPARAM-iTA. fURThER/
         dAGS-PO r-iN-PO-CHE SA-iD TO DpAL pHAG-MO-GRU-PAH ~tT~E BAS-iC
         TEXTS -O~ OUR DOCTR-iNE OF ThE "gREAT sEAL" -iS ThE mAHAYANA
         aNUTTARA-tANTRA COMPOSED BY ThE bLESSED mA-iTREYA." DpAL
         pHAG-MO-GRU-PA -iN H-iS TURN TRANSM-iTTED -iT TO lORD 'bR-i-
         KHUN-PA/ AND BY REASON OF Th-iS NUMEROUS EXPOS-iT-iONS/ ThE
         mAHAYANA aNUTTARA-tANTRA ARE FOUND -iN ThE WORKS OF lORD
         'bR-i-KHUN-PA AND H-iS D-iSC-iPLES. iN Th-iS CONNECT-iON ThE dHAR-
         MASVAM-iRL sA-SKYA-PA -iNA-iNTA-iNED ThAT ThE TERM ~gREAT sEAL"
  (141B) (mAHAMUDRA) -iS NOT FOUND -iN ThE TCXT OF ThE pRAJNAPARAM-iTA/
         AND ThAT ThE KNOWLEDGE O~ ThE ~gREAT sEAL" REPRESENTS KNOW-
                                                                          p.725
         LEDGE BORN OF -iN-iT-iAT-iON ONLY. bUT -iN ThE tATTVA-AVATATA (dE-KHO-
         NA-N-iD-LA '~UG-PA/ tATTVAVATARAKHYASAKALASUGATAVACASAMKS-iPTA-
         VYAKHYAPRAKARANA/ tG. RgYUD/ nO. 3709) COMPOSED BY ThE
         ACARYA jNANAK-iRT-i (yE-SES GRAGS-PA) -iT -iS SA-iD ThAT ~'ThE W-iSE
         ONES WHO PRACT-iSE ThE pRAJNAPARAM-iTA (D~)CTR-iNE)/ CAN ATTA-iN
         ThE KNOWLEDGE ACCOMPANY-iNG ThE ~'gREAT sEAL" (mAHAMUDRA)/
         EVEN ON ThE STAGE OF A PRThAG-JANA/ AFTER HAV-iNG MED-iTATED
         ON ThE SAMAThA AND V-iPASYANA (M-iND-CONCENTRAT-iON AND
         TRANSCENDENTAL ANALYS-iS). tH-iS -iS ThE S-iGN OF ThE iRRETR-iEVABLE
         sCATE (AVA-iVART-iKA-L-iNGAN-i)." iN ThE COMMENTARY ON ThE tENTh
         tAThATA (dE-KHO-NA-N-iD BCU-PA-I 'GREL-PA/ tATTVADASAT-iKA/ tG.
         RgYUD/ nO. 2~5/4) COMPOSED BY sAHAJAVAJRA (lHAN-C-iG SKYES-
         PA-I RDO-R~E) -iT -iS CLEARLY STATEDH '~bY NATURE -iT -iS A pARAM-iTA/
         BUT -iS ASSOC-iATED W-iTh ThE tANTRA. bY NAME (-iT -iS) mAHAMU-
         DRA (gREAT sEAL). tHE KNOWLEDGE OF ThE uLT-iMATE eSSENCE
         WH-iCH HAS ThE ThREE ABOVE CHARACTER-iST-iCS..." (tHUS ThE TERM
         mAHAMUDRA -iS FOUND -iN ThE pRAJNAPARAM-iTA)/ AND sA-SKYA-PA
         MUST BE WRONG. tHEREFORE ThE ~gREAT sEAL" O~ ThE pRAJR-iA-
         PARAM-iTA O~ ThE lORD SgAM P~PA WAS DESCR-iBED BY lORD
         RgOD-TShAN-PA AS BE-iNG A DOCTR-iNE OF M~A'-BDAG mA-iTN-PA.
         tHE ~gREAT sEAL" (mAHAMUDRA~/ WH-iCH BELONGS TO ThE pATh
         OF ThE tANTRA/ WAS ALSO EXPOUNDED BY lORD SgAM-PO-PA CO
         H-iS ~'LNNER" D-iSC-iPLES. ~ROM ThE B-iRTh OF lORD mAR-PA TO
         ThE PRESENT f-iRE-mALE-aPE YEAR (ME-PHO-SPRE'U--1476 a.d.)
         465 YEARS HAVE PASSED--SO -iT MUST BE UNDERSTOOD (mAR-PA WAS
         BORN -iN ioi2 a.d.). tH-iS -iS ThE END OF A BR-iEF ACCOUNR OF
         ~HE SECTS KNOWN AS ThE BkA'-BRGYUD-PAS OF lORD-mAR-PA/ AND
         -iN PART-iCULAR OF ThE BkA'-BRGYUD-PAS OF dAGS-PO.
         (pRESENT DAY t-iBETAN SCHOLARS/ ESPEC-iALLY ThOSE BELONG-iNG
         TO ~HHE DgE-LUGS-PA SCHOOL/ DO NOT ADM-iT ThE mAHAMUDRA
         DOCTR-iNE AS BELONG-iNG TO ThE sUTRA CLASS. hOWEVER -iN A
         lREA~-iSE ENT-iTLED '~DgE-LDAN pHYAG-RGYA CHEN-PO" (~tHE
         mAHAMUDRA dOCTR-iNE O~ ThE yELLOW sECT"( -iT -iS MA-iNTA-iNED
         ThAT ThERE HAD EX-iSTED A mAHAMUDlA DOCTR-iNE BELONG-iNG TO
  (142A) ThE pRAJNAPARAM-iTA CLASS).         
                                    bauk ix.
                        the bauk on ko-brag-pa and ni-gu.
            tHE MOST FAMOUS kO-BRAG-PA BsOD-NAMS RGYAL-MRShANaH
         H-iS NAT-iVE PLACE WAS d-iN-R-i. hE BELONGED TO ThE idON CLAN/
         AND WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR wATES-mALE-t-iGER (CHU-PHO-STAG
         --1182 a.d.)/L AS SON OF FAThER GtS~BO RgYAL-GYUN AND
         MOThER StOD-R~E-MA. (tH-iS wATER-t-iGER YEAR) -iS ThE YEAR OF
         ThC B-iRTh OF ThE dHARMASVAM-iN sA-SKYA PAND-iTA. hE MASTE-
         RED READ-iNG AND WR-iT-iNG W-iThOUT E~ORT. hE TOOK ThE UPASA!CA
         VOWS FROM sE-M-iG-PA/ AND HEARD ThE BlO-BYON AND OThER
         TEXTS FROM pAN./CHEN ~AKYASR-i. hE HEARD ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF
         ThE r-iG-'DZ-iN-BCU (NAME OF A R~-iN-MA WORK) AND ThE EXPLANA-
         T-iON (DMAR-KHR-iD) OF ThE SA-iNPANNAKRAMA DE~REE (RdZOGS-R-iM)
         FROM ThE B~A-MA RdO-R~E-DPAL OF gYAM. hE ALSO HEARD ThE
         DOCTR-iNE OF ThE "gREAT aCH-iEVEMENT" AND OThER TEXTS FROM
         RgYA-PHUG ~O-SRAS. hE STAYED -iN SECLUS-iON AT gYA-i-i-R-iM AND
         kON-MO-I R-i/ AND ThE UNDERSTAND-iNG OF ThE ~gREAT sEAL"
         (mAHAMUDRA) WAS BOTN -iN H-iM. hE HEARD ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON -iNTO
         ThE cYCLE OF sARNVARA FROM ~HE MAHA-PAND-iTA rATNARAKS-iTA.
         aFTER ThAT HE STAYED AT lA-PHY-i AND OThER YLACES. aT ThE
         AGE OF 29/ HE RECE-iVED ThE F-iNAL MONAST-iC ORD-iNAT-iON/ AFTER
         HAV-iNG REQUESTED ThE i3HARMASVAM-iN SkOS TO ACT AS UPADHYAYA/
         pHYA-TU 'dUL-'DZ-iN AS ACARYA/ AND ThE ACARYA lO AS sECRET
         pRECEPTOR. hE RECE-iVED ThE NAME OF BsOD-NAMS RGYAL-
         MTShAN. hE JOURNEYED TO t-i-SE (kA-iLASA) AND SPENT F-iVE
         YEARS RHERE. hE OBTA-iNED ThE REAL-iZAT-iON OF TLLE nOUMENAL
         aSPECT (~-i-LTA-BA/ PARAMARThA-SATYA) AND ThAT OF ThE pHENOME-
         NAL aSPECT (~-i-SNED-PA/ SARNVRT-i-SATYA~. iN PART-iCULAR/ HE
         OBTA-iNED A TRUE UNDERSTAND-iNG OF ThE NATURE (GNAS-LUGS) OF
         ThE wAJRAKAYA (RDO-R~E-LUS/ A tANTR-iC TERM DENOT-iNG ThE
         HUMAN BODY). tHE NAGA OF mA-PHAM (aNAVATAPTA lAKE)
         OFFERED H-iNL D-iV-iNE WATER (CHU-I DNOS-GRUB). lATER/ WHEN HE
 1. rE'U-M-iG (jasb./ -i889/ P. 49) G-iVES -i-i8~ a.d.
                                                                          p.727
         FOUNDED ThE MONASTERY O~ kO-BRAG -iN uPPER mYAN/ HE
         M-iRACULOUSLY D-iSCOVERED A SPR-iNG -iN BARREN SO-iL/ AND BECAME
         KNOWN AS kO-BRAG-PA. hE ThEN BECAME ThE D-iSC-iPLE O~ ALL
         ThE BOST ADEPTS (SADHAKA) AND SCHL)LARS/ AND ThERE D-iD NOT
         EX-iST A DOCTR-iNE WH-iCH HE D-iD NOT KNOW. hE -iNV-iTED
         w-iBHUT-iCANDRA FROM nEPAL TO d-iN-R-i/ AND HEARD FROM H-iM
         ThE PRECEPTS OF ThE sADAR;GA-YOGA (SbYOR-BA YAN-LAG DRUG)/
         WH-iCH HAD BEEN BESTOWED ON w-iBHUT-iCANDRA BY ~A-BA-R-i
         (~AVAR-i) DBAR;-PHYUG. tHE PAND-iTA ALSO HEARD SOME DOCTR-iNES
         FROM H-iM. hE LABOURED EX~ENS-iVELY AND W-iThOUT -iNTERRUPT-iON
         FOR ThE WELFARE OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS/ AND PASSED AWAY AT ThE
         AGE OF 80/ -iN ThE YEAR iRON-fEMALE-hEN (iCAGS-MO-BYA--1261
         a.d.). i WROTE ABOUT H-iM SEPARATELY/ BECAUSE i DO NOT
         KNOW WHEThER Th-iS GREAT MAN BELONGED TO ANY PART-iCULAR
         l-iNEAGE.
            h-iS CH-iEF D-iSC-iPLESH DpAL yAN-DGON-PA/ H-iS ELDER BROThER
         r-iN-PO-CHE RgYAL-MTShAN-PA/ r-iN-PO-CHE lHA-PA/ r-iN-PO-CHE
    (1A) RgYAL-PO/ r-iN/PO-CHE bAR-'BROG-PA/ r-iN PO-CHE ~HHOS-SD-iR;S-PA/
         dRAN-STON sER-SEN/ r-iN-PO-CHE DgA'-LDAN-PA/ r-iN-PO-CHE GtSAN
         sO-PA/ r-iN-PO~CHE StON-GRUB/PA/ RtOGS-LDAN DkON-SEN/ AND
         MANY OThERS. ~O-BO lHA/ M~HH-iMS nAM-MKHA'-GRAGS/ MkHAN-
         CHEN idE-RUS-PA/ kHU-LUN-PA/ lO-Z-iR;-PA/ gRAGS-BYAN-PA/ '01-
         RGOD-PA/pHU-R-i-PA StON-LO-CHE/ GlAR;-R-i-BA/ AND MANY OThET mAS-
         ERS OF ThE dOCTR-iNE (BStAN-PA-I BDAG-PO). DpYAL-PA LO-TSA/ kHRO-
         PHU LO-TSA/ cHAG LO-TSA/ nAM-MKHA'-DPAL LO-TSA/ rAS-PA LO-TSA/
         GL~AL-PA LO-T~A/ AND MANY OThER TRANSLATORS (LO-TSA-BA). tHE
         KALYANA M-iTRA GtSAN-PA/ ThE KALYANA-M-iTRA ~-i-MA/ '~AM-DBYANS
         GSAR-MA/ RgYAN-RO G~ON-R-iN/ M~A'-R-iS DgRA-BCOM/ ~-i-MA
         SpRAL-NAG/ GtSAN-PA dRUG-PO/ MkHAS-BTSUN bYAR;-CHUB/ AND
         -iNANY OThER SCHOLARS. GsAL-PA; lHO-BRAG-LUN-PA/ RgAL-GYAM-PA/
         RnEL-GY;LM PA/ S~O-MNA'-BA/ TgYAL-MTShAN-GRAGS/ sER-MA-PA;
         pHU-GU-RA-PA~ sRAN-SKYA-PA/ mYAN 'tShAL-PA/ lHA-R~E SkYOB-
         PA/ pHO-ROG-PA/ i(~AB-PE-BA/ DbRAN-STON pHUL-DMAR-PA/ kOR;-
         STON-PA/ sO-ZUR-PA/ BLA-MA bA-R-i-BA AND BROThER/ sEN-GE RDZON-
         PA/ gYAM S-iN/ rON-ThON-PA/ G~OS-STON H~-iG-PO/ ~AM-'BUM/
         D~OS-CHOS-SES~ RdZA-R-i-BA mYAN-RO-PA/ GyU-RGYAL-BA/ ~HHU-
                                                                          p.728
         M-iG-PA/ yAR-'BROG DKAR-PO/ sE-Z-iG/ 'oD-PHO OF kHAMS/ bRA'O-
         PA/ dOM-ThOD-CAN/ dAR-SEN/ AND MANY OThER hEADS OF MONAS-
         TER-iES AND KALYANA-M-iTRAS. 'pHAN-YUL-MDO tHOD-LO-PA/ zA-LUN-
         PA/ lHO-BRAG-PA/ S ROD-LUNS-PA/ yAR-KLUNS-PA/ AND MANY OThER
         KALYANA-M-iTRAS OF DBuS. fURThER/ NUMEROUS FEMALE KALYANA-
         M-iTRAS AND FEMALE S-iDDHAS/ HEADS OF MONASTER-iES/ BlA-MAS
         (tEACHERS)/ ~-iG-PO (ASCET-iCS)/ AND OThETS. iN ShORT/ ALL BOWED
         BEFORE H-iS FEET--mASTERS OF ThE ~'oiD" AND ~'nEW" t~NTRAS/
    (2A) K-iNGS/ mONGOL NOBLES OF ThE iMPER-iAL FAM-iLY/ OF~C-iALS/ LAND-
         OWNERS/ AND OThERS. aMONG ThESE/ ONE NAMED pHO-ROG MdO-
         SDE-MGON OR bYA-SKYUNS-PA WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR wOOD-
         fEMALE-hARE (S-iN-MO-YOS--1195 a.d.)/ AND D-iED AT ThE AG~
         OF 63 -iN ThE YEAT f-iTE-sETPENT (ME-SBTUL--1257 a.d.). tHE
         cHAPTET ON kO-BTAG-PA AND H-iS D-iSC-iPLES.
         hAV-iNG ThUS ã¹ RELATED ThE SUCCESS-iON OF ThE l-iNEAGE OF ThE
         UPAYA-MARGA OF ThE ~s-iX dOCTR-iNES" (CHOS-DRUG) BESTOWED ON
         ThE mASTER mAR PA BY ~RL nA-RO-PA/ i ShALL NOW TELL ThE STORY
         OF ThE l-iNEAGE OF ThE '~s-iX dOCTR-iNES" (CHOS-DRUG) FOUNDED
         BY n-i-GU~MA/ S-iSTER OF nA-RO-PA. iTS l-iNEAGES OF gU-iDANCE
         AND iN-iT-iAT-iONaH tHE -iNTRODUCER O~ ThE dOCTR-iNE (TO t-iBET)
         WAS ThE S-iDDHA kHYUN-PO RNAL-'BYOR. hE BELONGED TO ThE
         kHYUN-PO CLAN/ AND WAS BORN AT S~E-MO RA-MANS -iN ThE
         t-iGER YEAR (STAG-LO--1086 a.d.) AS SON OF FAThER StAG-SKYE
         ~ND MOThER BkRA-S-iS-SKY-iD. sOON AFTER H-iS B-iRTh/ ThE iND-iAN
         S-iDDHA aMOGHA CAME ThERE/ AND UTTERED AN AUSP-iC-iOUS PRO-
         PHECY ABOUT H-iM. aT ThE AGE OF TEN/ HE MASTERED READ-iNG/
         AND ThE iND-iAN AND t-iBETAN ALPHABETS. hE BECAME PROF-iC-iENT
         -iN ThE kALACAKRA. aT ThE AGE OF 13/ HE STUD-iED W-iTh ThE
         ACARYA GyUN-DRUN RGYAL-BA ThE bON DOCTR-iNE/ AND PREACHED
         -iT TO OThETS/ AND ABOUT 70g SCHOLARS (POSSESS-iNG MANUSCR-iPTS
         OF ThE TEXT) ATTER~DED H-iS CLASS. hE ThEN STUD-iED EXTENS-iVELY
         ThE cYCLE OF ThE RdZOGS-CHEN sEMS-SDE (A RL~-iN-MA WORK/
         ONE O~ ThE ThREE CLASSESH sEMS-SDE/ KlUN-SDE/ AND mAN-NAG-
         SDE) W-iTh ThE BLA-MA 'bYUN-GNAS SER;-GE/ AND ThEN PREACHED
         -iT. dUR-iNG ThAT T-iME ALSO HE GAThERED ABOUT 700 D-iSC-iPLES.
         aFTCR Th-iS HE MADE A STUDY OF ThE COMPLETE DOCTR-iNE OF SkOR
                                                                          p.729
         n-i-RU-PA AT StOD-LUL-iS ~O-MA-RA. hAV-iNG TAKEN W-iTh H-iM A
         CONS-iDERABLE QUANT-iTY O~ GOLD/ HE JOURNEYED TO nEPAL/ AND
         STUD-iED ThCRE ThE WORK OF A TRANSLATOR W-iTh ThE PAND-iTA wASU-
         MAT-i. i LE OBTA-iNED ~ROM H-iM TL~E -iN-iT-iAT-iON -iNTO ThE kR-iYA
         AND yOGA-tANTR~S/ AS WELL AS ABOUT F-iFTY tANTR-iC SADHANAS.
         hE WAS WELL RECE-iVED BY aTULY~VAJRA AND MET RdO-R~E GDAN-
         PA. hE BECAME A NOV-iCE (DGE-TShUL MDZAD-PA/ MEANS
         ThAT HE BECAME AN ATTENDANT OF RdO-R~E GDAN-PA LaMOGHA-
         VAJRA()/ AND HEARD MANY DOCTR-iNES. ~LE ThEN HEARD MANY
         tANTR-iC DOCTR-iNES FROM ~RL bHADRASAJJANA/ wA-iROCANA/ kHA-CHE
         DgON-PA-BA/ ;~-iL-i-G-i RdO-R~E (kSE~RAVAJRA)/ m-i-MNAM RDO-R~E
         (aTULYAVAJRA)/ r-iN-CHEN RDO-R~E (rATNAVAJRA)/ ThE ThREE D-iSC-iPLES
         OF mA-iTR-i-PA/ dE-B-i-KO-T-i DL-K-i-MA (ThE DAK-iNL) kANASRL2/ AND
         ThE BRAHMANA rATNAPALA. aFTER H-iS RETURN TO t-iBET/ HE WAS (2B)
         ATTACKED TW-iCE BY ROBBERS/ BUT WAS ABLE TO DEFEAT ThEM W-iTh
         ThE HELP OF H-iS M-iRACULOUS POWER. iN H-iS NAT-iVE PLACE HE
         GAVE A TAL-iSHNAN TO H-iS AUNT TO E-i~SURE A MALE PROGENY
         (MED-'TShOL/ ~O ENSURE CH-iLDB-iRTh; iTE-SGYUR/ TO ENSURE
         A MALE PROGENY). sHE BORE ThREE SONS. a WH-iTE
         GODDESS TOLD BLA-MA ~ANS-PA A PROPHECY ThAT ThESE
         ThREE SONS WOULD O~ER H-iM A ThOUSAND MEASURES OF BARLEY EVERY
         YEAR/ AND WOULD ACT AS H-iS CH-iEF SUPPOR~ERS. aFTER ThE FORMER
         D-iSC-iPLES HAD OL~ERED H-iM MUCH PROPERTY/ HE SECURED MORE
         ThAN A ThOUSAND GOLDEN SRANS WHEN ThE GOLD--iN-iNE OF gU-LAN
         WAS D-iSCOVERED. aFTER ThAT HE JOURNEYED AGA-iN TO nEPAL AND
         OBTA-iNED FROM pHAM-Th-iN-PA TLLE sAMVARAMULATANTRA (aBH-i-
         DHANOTTARATANTRA-NAMA/ kG. RgYUD-'BUM/ nO. 369) AND ThE
         GdAN-BZ-i. aFTCR ThAT HE PROCEEDED TO iND-iA/ AND OF~E~ED TO
         RdO-R~E GDAN-PA A HUNDRED GOLDEN SRANS. hE HEARD MANY
         DOCTR-iNES AT nALANDA FROM dA-CHEN-PO (dANASLLA)/ A D-iSC-iPLE OF
         nA RO-PA/ sUMAT-iKLRT-i/ rAMAPALA/ nATEKARA/ ThE wENERABLE
 ~ tHE DAK-iN-i kANASR-i OF dEV-iKOT-i/ ONE OF ThE z5 SACRED PLACES OF iND-iA.
   pRESENT DAY t-iBERAN BLA-MAS MA-iNTA-iN ThAT tSA-R-i -iN s.e. t-iBET -iS ThE ANC-iENT
   dEV-iKOT-i. aCCORD-iNG TO ThE f-iFTh dALA-i lAMA dEV-iKOT-i WAS S-iTUATED -iN ThE
   VALLEY OF ThE sE-RA mONASTERY NEAR lHA-SA (FOL. 13~. tHE OR-iG-iNAL dEV-iKOT-i
   -iS SA-iD TO HAVE BEEN S-iTUATED -iN ThE w-iNDHYA H-iLLS.
                                                                          p.730
         r-iN-CHEN lHA-MO (rATNADEVL) OF kAM-KA-TA/ AND FROM TL~E
         S-iDDLLA sURYAGARBLLA (L~-i-MA-I SN-iN-PO)/ A D-iSC-iPLE OF kU-KU-R-i-
         PA. hE MET ALSO mA-iTRL-PA/ AND OBTA-iNCD FROM H-iM N~ANY
         tANTRAS/ AND OFFERED H-iM SEVEN SRANS OF GOLD. t-iBETANS BE-iNG
         POOR/ HE BEGGED H-iM TO BESTOW ON H-iM AN EFFECT-iVE SADHANA
         WH-iCL~ WOULD ENABLE H-iM TO GAThER WEALTh/ AND mA-iTN-PA BES-
         TO~ED ON H-iM ThE y-iD-BZ-iN-GY-i MGON-YO PHYAG-DRUG-PA (ThE
         ~H-iTE mAHAKALA). hE ThEN TOOK W-iTh H-iM SOO GOLD SRANS
         AND ASKEDH '~iS ThERE ANY ONE ~jHO HAD MET wAJRADHARA?"
         tHEY REPL-iEDH ~ tHERE -iS ONE NAMED n-i-GU-MA/ ThE S-iSTER OF
         nA-RO-PA. sHE HAS ATTA-iNED ThE hOLY sTAGE (DAG-PA-I SA~/
         AND TRANSFORMED HER BODY -iNTO ThAT OF RA-iNBOW ('~A'-LUS)/ AND
         MADE HERSELF -iNV-iS-iBLE BY ORD-iNARY ~EOPLE. hOWEVER ~HE USED
         TO PRES-iDE OVER tANTR-iC FEASTS (GANACAKTA) HELD BY DAK-iNLS AT
         ThC CEMETETY GROUND OF ThE sO-SA -iSLAND (e. iND-iA). tHOSE
         WHO ~OSSESS A PURE M-iND M-iGHT SEE HER ThERE./' hE WENT
         TO ThE -iSLAND OF sO-SA (sO-SA GL-i-i1~/ AND PRAYCD ~ nAMO
         bUDDLLAYA.'' tHEN HE SAW -iN ThE SKY AT ThE L-E-iGHT OF
         SEVEN TALAS (ThE HE-iGLLT OF A PALM TRCC ~ A DAK-iNL OF A
         DARK BROWN COMPLEX-iON/ ADORNED W-iTLL ORN.MENTS MADE OF
         BONES/ HOLD-iNG A MEND-iCANT STAFF (KLLATVAL-iGA~ AND A KAPALA
         -iN HER HANDS/ MAN-iFEST-iNG HER VAR-iOUS ASP~CTS AND PERFORM-
         -iNG A DANCE. hE RECOGN-iZED ThAT ShE WAS n-i-GU-MA/
         AN D SALUTED HER REQUEST-iNG HER TO BESTOW ON LL-iM TL~E
         HOLY PRECEPTS. bUT ShE RCPL-iEDH ~1 AM A L~ESh-EAT-iNG
    (3A) DAK-iNL!" aGA-iN HE ENTREATED/ AND ShE SA-iDH ~iF YOU
         WANT TO OBTA-iN mANTRAYANA PRECEPTS/ GOLD -iS NEEDED! " hE
         ThEN OFFERED HER SOO SRANs WL~-iCH ShE ACCEPTED AND ThREW
         ThEM -iNTO ThE FOREST. hE BEGAN TO DOUBT ThAT ShE WAS A
         DAK-iM OF ThE ~ESh-~AT-iNG CLASS/ AND WH-iLE L1E WAS Th-iNK-iNG SO/
         ShE GAZED SKYWjRDS/ AND ThEN NUMEROUS DAK-iMS ~/AThERED/ AND
         ShE CREATED A MALLD;LLA/ AND BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON OF
         ThE RLLUSORY BODY~(SGYU-LUS) AND ThE PRACT-iCE OF DREAMS (ThESE
         H-iRE TWO SECT-iONS OF ThE ~ s-iX dOCTR-iNES" OF n;~-RO-PA). aFTER
         ThAT ThE DAK-iNL TRANSPORTED H-iM TO A D-iSTANCE OF ABOUT ThREE
         YOJANAS~ AND DEPOS-iTED H-iM ON ThE SUMM-iT OF A MOUNTA-iN OF
                                                                          p.731
         GOLD ThERE -iN A DREAM/ RdO-R~E BTSUN-MO (wAJRA-YOS-i/
         wAJRAVARAL1-i/ LLERE n-i-GU-MA) BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE s-iX dOC-
         TR-iNES/" AND ThEN AGA-iN PERSONALLY ON ThRCE OCCAS-iONS TLLE ~RdO-
         RjE TSh-iG-RKAR-i" AND ThE ~SgYU-MA LAM-R-iM". f~LRTL1ER/ ShE
         EXPOUNDED TO H-iM NUMEROUS tANTRAS AND SADHANAS. n-i-GU-
         MA SA-iD TO H-iMH ~eXCEPT MYSELF AND kALLLBALAPADA (lA-BA-PA)
         NO ONE ELSE KNOWS ThE PRECE~TS OF ThE ~Ls-iX dOCTR-iNES." t-iLL
         ThE SEVENTh TEACHER OF ThE sY-iR-iTUAL l-iNEAGE/ Th-iS TCACH-iNG
         ShOULD BE TRANSM-iTTED DOWN A S-iNGLE L-iNE (OF TEACHERS). tLLESE
         W-iLL BE BLESSED BY ME/ AND i ShALL ~-iVE ThEM A PROPHECY."
         aFTER ThAT ~E OBTA-iNED FROM A SECRET YOG-iN ThE BdE-MCHOG
         L~LA-LNA (TL~E F-iVE DE-iT-iES OF s~MVARA)/ ThE MkHA'-SPYOD DKAR-
         DMAR (ThE wH-iTE 3ND rED wAJRAVARAHL)/ ThE r-iM-SNA STAN-
         TLLOG-GC-iG-MA/ ThE sADANGA-YOGA (SBYOR DRUG~/ AND MANY OTL~ER
         TEXTS. hE ALSO HEARD N1ANY DOCTR-iNES FROM rOL-PA-I RDO-R~E
         (lAL-iTAVAJRA~/ aRYADEVA ;~ND dAK-iSUMAT-i/ ~S PROPHES-iED BY
         ~HEM. hE ALSO MET ThE DAK-iNL sUKHAS-iDDHL/ A D-iSC-iPLE OF .~N
         w-iRUPA. hE PRESENTED HER SOME GOLD/ AND RECE-iVED FROM HER
         -iN-iT-iAT-iON. sHE SA-iD ~O H-iMH"L Sh~LL MAN-iFEST (MYSELF) TO YOUR
         sP-iR-iTUAL l-iNEAGE AND BLESS ThEM." sHE ALSO BESTOWED H-iDDEN
         YRCCEPTS ON H-iM. fURThER/ HE O~ERED GOLD TO ThE DAK-iNLS
         g.LL-iGADHARA AND sAMANT~BLLADRL (kUN-TU BZAN-MO)/ AND OBT;L-i-
         NED FROM ThEM PRECEPTS. hE ALSO/ OBTA-iNED ThE yAMANTAKA
         cYCLE (G~-iN-R~E GSED-KY-i SKOR) ~ROLN ThE PAR-iD-iTA BdE-BA-I RDO-
         RjE (sUKHAVAJRA)/ AND ThE cYCLE OF ThE dEVL (nA-iRATMA)
         FROM rOL-PA-I RDO-R~E (lAL-iTAVAJRA). fURThER/ HE HEARD MANY
         PRECEPTS FROM ThE BLA-MA aDV~YAVAJRA AND OThERS. hE
         TLLEN RETURNED TO t-iBET AND PROCEEDED AS FAR AS SL~E-MO/
         ;MD AS NUMEOUS GOLD M-iNES HAD BEEN D-iSCOVERED/ HE WAS
         ~BLE TO SECURE MUCH GOLD. aFTER ThAT LLE AGA-iN RETURNED TO
         iND-i~ AND PREPARED OFFER-iNGS SPEND-iNG 80 GOLD SRAR-iS To
    (3B) w;L-iRAS;LNA. tHE tEACHER AND ALL PEOPLE WERE F-iLLED w-iTLL
         sURPR-iLE. aT ThAT T-iME/ ThOUGH n-i-GU-MA/ sUKHAS-iDDL/
         RdO-RJE GDAN-PA/ ThE ThREE tANTR-iC BROThERS (RdO-R~E -iNCHED-
         ~/SUM) AND mA-iTRL-PA W~RE NOT PRESENT/ HE PRESENTED GOLD TO
         ~O TE;LCLLER5~ -iNC-iUD-iNG mA-iTRL-PA'S W-iFE (~O-MO~ g~NGADHARA
                                                                          p.732
         AND OThCRS. tHCY (iN RCT~LRN) BESTOWED ON H-iM MANY H-iDDEN
         PRECEPTS. aGA-iN/ WHEN HE PROCEEDED TOWARDS M~A'-R-iS/
         HE MET dLPAL-iKAR.L (aTLSA~/ WHO BESTOWED ON H-iM MANY
         DOCTR-iNES/ -iNCLUD-iLLG ThE gUHYAS.LMAJA A-i~D OThERS. sOME OF
         H-iS OWN iND-iAN (s;LNSKR-iT) MANUSCR-iPTS BEH~G SL-iGHTLY DAMAGED/
         HE RESTORED Tl-ENL AFTER COLLAT-iTLG ThENL W-iTh ThE MANUSCR-iPTS
         -iN aTLSA'S POSS~SS-iON. tHEY WERE TRANSLATED BY r-iN-CHEN
         BZAN PO AND dHARLLLA BlO-GROS. hE TOOK U~ F-iNAL MONAST-iC
         ORD-iNAT-iON -iN ThE PRESENCE OF GlAN-R-i-ThAN-YA. hE FOUNDED
         AT ~OG-PO OF 'pHAN-YUL ThE '~HHAD-DKAR DGON-PA. (tHE MONAS-
         TERY) WAS V-iS-iTED BY rAHULAGUPTAVAJRA/ A YOG-iN OF ThE VALLEY
         (KHON-GSEL-i) OF kALAKUTA (r-i-NAG NEAR rAJAGRHA (r-i-NAG -iS A
         NAME G-iVEN TO ThE FOREST-CLAD MOUNTA-iN BELT OF ThE h-iMA-
         LAYAS() WHO BESTOWED ON H-iM NUMEROUS DOCTR-iNES/ -iNCLUD-iNG
         ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON -iNTO ThE F-iVE SECT-iONS OF ThE tANTRA CLASS/ ThE
         cYCLE OF mAHAKALA/ AND OThERS. lATER HE PROCEEDED TO tShA-
         LUN OF '~AM -iN ThE YEAR wOOD-fEMALE-sHEEP (S-iN-MO-LUG
         --1o55 a.d.). iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-mALE-aPE (ME-PHO-SPRE'U
         --i OS6 a.d.) HE WENT TO ~AG-RTSA OF pHAG-R-i (BETWEEN
         cHUMB-i AND gYANG-TSE). iN ThE YEAR iRON-fEMALE-oX (LCAGS-
         MO-GLAN--L06~ a.d.) HE WENT TO gRE -iN uPPER gRO-MO
         (cHUMB-i). hAV-iN~/ RECE-iVED AN -iNV-iTAT-iON FROM ~OG-PO/ HE
         JOURNEYED TO ~ANS. dUR-iNG ThREE YEARS L1E FOUNDED 108
         RLLONASTER-iES -iNCLUD-iNG ~ON-ZOL-i AND OThER MONASTER-iES. hE
         PREACHED EXTENS-iVELY ThE dOCTR-iNE. tHE MONKS CONCENTRATED
         TOO MUCH ON TLLE STUDY (OF BOOKS)/ AND BECAME SLOThFUL -iN
         ThE-iR MED-iTAT-iONS. aT T-iMES HE MAN-iFESTED TO ThEM ThE -iMAGES OF
         GODDESSES/ AT T-iMES HE ShOWED ThE FEARFUL FORMS OF ThE RET-iNUE
         OF yAMA. iN Th-iS MANNER HE AGA-iN -iNTRODUCED ThEM TO
         MED-i~AC-iON. sOME OThER MONKS/ FEEL-iNG ENVY/ CALLED -iN TROOPS.
         w-iTh ThE HELP OF PHANTOM TROO~S HE CA~LSED ThEN~ TO RETREAT/
         AND ThEY ShOWED DEVOT-iON/ AND BECAME H-iS D-iSC-iPLES. hE
         USED TO SUBDUE W-iTh TL-E HELP OF H-iS M-iND-CONCENTRAT-iON GODS
         AND DEMONS BY DAY AND N-iGHT (G~-iN-R~E-I SKYES-BU/ ThE SENTENCE
         SEEMS TO BE -iNCOMPLETE) WHO WERE CAUS-iNG H-iNDRANCES/ SUCH
         AS ThE tHAN-LHA GODS/ RHE 'bA-RA nAG-PO OF ~AB/ AND OThER
                                                                          p.733
         DE-iT-iES. hAV-iNG CONJUTED ThE-iR L-iVES/ HE BOUND ThEM BY
         VOWS. hE ALSO PERFORMED NUMEROUS M-iRACLES/ SUCH AS MAG-iC
         PERFORMANCES AND ThE MAN-iFESTAT-iON OF H-iMSELT -iN ThE FORM O~
         A DE-iTY. aT ThE END OF H-iS LONG L-iFE (SKU-TShE MThAR-PHY-iN)
         HE UTTERED ThE WORDSH ~ tO-DAY -iT -iS MY LAST PREACH-iNG OF (4A3
         ThE dOCTR-iNE"/ AND PASSED AWAY. (bEFORE PASS-iNG AWAY) HE
         SA-iD~ F ThEY WOULD PLACE MY BODY W-iThOUT CREMAT-iNG -iT
         -iNS-iDE A RECEPTACLE OF ;/OLD AND S-iLVER/ ThE ~ON-ZON MONASTERY
         WOULD EQUAL wAJRASHLNA." bUT kHAMS-PA MONKS D-iD NOT W-iSh
         TO L-iSTEN TO ThESE WORDS/ AND CREMATED H-iS REMA-iNS/ AND -iMAGES
         O~ ThE tANTR-iC GODS OF ThE F-iVE CLASSES WERE RECOVERED (FROM
         ThE AShES). iN ALL ThERE HAVE BEEN 80/OOO MONKS (H-iS
         D-iSC-iPLES). tHE CH-iEF D-iSC-iPLES WETEH RmE'U STON-PA/ GyOR-
         PO RgYA-MO-CHE/ R~UL-STON r-iN-DBAN/ lA-STOD DkON-MCHOG-
         MKLLAR/ RmO-GCOG-PH-i ~ND ~AN-SGOM ~HOS-SEN. h-iS STATEMENT
         Th~T HE HH~D L-iVED FOR 1 50 YEARS/ REC;LLLS ThAT OF d~M-PA sANS-
         RGYAS WHO/ WHEN ~SKED ON H-iS COM-iNG TO d-iN-R-i BY ThE lOTD
         kHR-i-P~ hOW OLD ARE YOU?" TEPL-iEDH ~mY AGE -iS
         99990!" sUCH SYMBOL-iCAL UTTERANCES (DGONS-P~-CAN GY-i ~SUN)
         MADE BY SA-iNTLY MEN (S-iDDHA-PURUSA) ShOULD NOT BE CONS-iDE-
         RED AS L-iES. lATER/ MANY S-iDDHAS APPEARED AMONG H-iS SP-iR-i-
         TUAL DECENDANTS/ AND BECAUSE OF Th-iS/ WE ShOULD CONS-iDER
         H-iM AS A TRUE SA-iNT (S-iDDHA-PURUSA)/ AS ONE WOULD -iN~ER ThE
         PRESENCE OF F-iRE FROM ThE (PRESENCE) OF SMOKE. h-iS FOURTh
         DESCENDANT WAS RmOG-COG-PA r-iN-CHEN BRTSON-'GRUS.
         aCCORD-iNG TO H-iS STATEMENT ~MY NAT-iVE PLACE WAS lHA-
         PHU SpAN-RTSA." hE BELONGED TO ThE ~-i-SE CLAN/ AND
         WAS BORN AS SON OF FAThER ~E-RGAN SmAN-CHUN AND MOThER
         'bE MO pADMA-SGRON. aT ~HE AGE OF 17/ HE ENTERED ThE
         GATES OF REL-iG-iON AT ~ON-ZON. tHE BLA-MA ~ANS-PA BESTOWED
         ON H-iM ThE hEVAJ~A -iN-iT-iAT-iON/ AND SA-iD TO H-iMH ~nOV-iCE/ YOU
         ShOULD STUDY -iN YOUR YOUTh ! iF YOU BEG-iN TO MED-iTATE EARLY/
         ThEN DEMONS M-iGHT CARRY YOU AWAY ! i ShALL G-iVE YOU PROV-i-
         s-iONS AND BOOKS." aT ThE MONASTERY OF ThE dHARMASVAM-iN
         ThERE WAS ONE CALLED 'bROM-STON WHO USED TO SPEAK ABOUT H-iS
         BE-iNG D-iS~PPO-iNTED W-iTh (H-iS) STUD-iE~/ Ai-iD HE ONCE SA-iD TO H-iMH
                                                                          p.734
         "nOV-iCE! iT -iS BETTER FOR YOU TO MED-iTATE!" aGA-iN HE ASKED
         H-iS tEACHER FOR -iNSTRUCT-iONS/ AND ThE tEACHER AGA-iN REPEATED
         TO H-iM ThE SAME ADV-iCE. aFTER ThAT HE HEARD SEVERAL PRECEPTS
         FROM lA-CH-iNS-PA/ A D-iSC-iPLE OF ThE tEACHER/ AND MED-iTATED ON
         ThEM/ BUT D-iD NOT ACH-iEVE GOOD RESULTS. aGA-iN HE V-iS-iTED H-iS
         tEACHER/ WHO BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE cYCLE OF mAHAKALA AND
         ThE L~-i-KHROS (ThE DHATMAPALA ~-i-MA kHROS-PA). ~yOR-PO
         RgYA-MO CHE HAV-iNG COME RL1ERE TO MAKE OFFER-iNGS/ ThE
         tEACHER GAVE H-iM S-iX GOLD ZOS/ S-iX S-iLK SCARFS AND ThE sUTRA-
    (4B) LAMKARA/ AND TOLD H-iM ThAT HE SL1ONLD FOLLOW AFTER RgYA-MO-
         CHE. tHEN AT ThE AGE OF 21/ HE FOLLOWED AFTER GyOR-PO
         RgYA-MO-CHE/ WHO PROCEEDED To StOD-LUNS/ AND SA-iD TO H-iMH
         ~'yOU ShOULD GO TO SkY-i-SOD (i HA-SA)." oN ThE WAY ThERE
         HE MET A KALYANA-M-iTRA CARRY-iNG W-iTh H-iM MANY BOOKS AND
         BEAT-iNG H-iS CHEST W-iTh H-iS HMD/ AND EXPRESS-iNG D-iSAPPO-iNT-
         MENT W-iTh H-iS STUD-iES/ AND HE FELT SAD. hAV-iNG HEARD ABOUT A
         kHAMS-PA NAMED a-SEN/ A D-iSC-iPLE OF DpAL-CHEN-PA/ WHO HAD
         STUD-iED MUCH AND MED-iTATED/ AND POSSESSED PRECEPTS/ HE PRO-
         CEEDED TOWARDS GnAM-RDZ-iN-KHA/ WHERE ThE LATTER WAS RES-iD-iNG.
         hE MET H-iA~/ WH-iLE ThE LATTER WAS ENGAGED -iN BESTOW-iNG
         -iN-iT-iAT-iONS. hE BEGGEDH ~ ~pRAY -iN-iT-iATE ME ALSO 7 " DpAL-
         CHEN PA -iNQU-iREDH ~wHOSE D-iSC-iPLE ARE YOU?"--~i AM ThE
         D-iSC-iPLE OF ~ANS-PA"/ REPL-iED HE. "wELL/ HAV-iNG D-iSMOUNTED
         FROM A HORSE/ WOULD YOU R-iDE A DONKEY ?" hE AGA-iN ENTREATED
         DpAL-CHEN-PA/ AND ThE LATTER SA-iD ~iT W-iLL DO !" a-SEN SA-iDH
         ~tHERE WERE ABOUT S-iXTY SCHOLARS -iNCLUD-iNG ThE GREAT KALYANA-
         M-iTRA pHYA-PA/ mYAN-BRAN-PA ~HHOS-YES/ SkY-i-PO TShUL-'PHAGS/
         GyOR-GL~HM; BLA-MA H~AN/ kHAMS-PA LO-TSA-BA StON-'BUM/ AND
         OThERS/ WHO MA-iNTA-iNED ThE V-iEW ThAT ThE uLT-iMATE rEAL-iTY
         (DON-DALLL/ PARAMARThA) WAS REAL BY NATURE (ACCORD-iNG TO ThE
         pRASANG-iKAS TLLERE D-iD NOT EX-iST ANY REAL-iTY BY NATURE). aT
         F-iRST i FELT SOME UNEAS-iNESS -iN ACCEPT-iNG Th-iS ThEORY/ BUT NOW
         i HAVE FA-iTh -iN -iT." dUR-iNG ThE N-iGHT OF ThE CH-iEF -iN-iT-iAT-iON
         (DNOS GZ-i AND STA-GON ARE PREPARATORY STAGES OF -iN-iT-iAT-iON/
         OCCUPY-iNG A WHOLE DAY) A NOT-iON DEVELOPED -iN H-iM ThAT H-iS
         tEACHER WAS A TRUE bUDDHA. aFTER ThAT HE WAS -iN-iT-iATED
                                                                          p.735
         -iNTO ThE MANDALA DRAWN W-iDL POWDERED STONES/ AND -iNTO ThE
         CORRESPOND-iNG (METLLODS O~) MED-iTAT-iOLL/ SUCB AS ThE lU-Y-i-PA
         ~RL-bHAGAVADABH-iSAMAYA-NAMA/ tG.RgYUD/ nO. i427) AND ThE
         sAHAJA (sAHAJASARNVARASADHANA/ tG. RgYUD/ nO. 1436); AS ThC
         SAMPANNAKRAMA DEGREE HE WAS G-iVEN ThE sADAL-iGA-YOGA (tG.
         RgYUD/ nO. 1367~/ BOTLL ThE BAS-iC TE~T (N~ULA) AND -iTS COM-
         MA~TARY/ ThE SbYOR-PHRE-i-i (A kALACAKRA TEXT/ yOGAMAL~/ tG.
         RgYUD/ nO. 1376) BO~H ThE BAS-iC TEXT AND COML1LEN~ARY/ TLLE
         S~ PO GSUTN (tR-iYOGABRDAYAPRAKASA-NAMA/ tG. RgYUD/ nO.
         )/ BOTh ThE BAS-iC (N1UL;-i) TEXT AND ThE COMMCNTARY. hE ThEN
         PRACT-iSED ThE BREATh CONTeOL (BUM-PA-CAN/ kUMBHAKA) MED-iTA-
         T-iON -iN ThE PRESENCE O~ ThE tEACHET. h-iS TEACHER BE-iNG FOND
         Oe FREQUENTLY LEAD-iNG A SOL-iTARY L-iFE/ (HE LEF~ ThE tEACHER)/
         AND V-iS-iTED bUR-SGOM -iN ThE AUTUMN. hE O~ERED H-iLL SOME
         BROWN SUGAR/ AND TOLD H-iN1H ~1 AM A D-iSC-iPLE Oe ~ANS-PA!"
         aND AGA-iN bUR-SGON1 TOLD H-iM ThE PROVERB ABOUT ThE HORSE
         AND ThE DONKEY. hE ThEN BESTOWED ON H-iN1 ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON
         AND ThE H-iDDEN PRECEPTS ACCORD-iNG TO ThE METL1OD OF rAS-CHUN.
         oNCE bUR-SGOM'S CATTLE WAS CARR-iED AWAY BY ~UN-PAS/ AND
    (5A) bUR-SGOM TOLD H-iM ~0 r-iN-CHEN BRTSON-'GRUS/ YOU ShOULD SELLD
         HA-iL!" hE PRODUCED L1A-iL/ EACH HA-iL-STONE L1AV-iNG TLLREE eEET
         ~GYAL-i) -iA D-iAMETER. sON1E OF ThE ~UN-YAS WERE K-iLLED/ AND ThC
         OThERS SENT OTeER-iNGS TO H-iS tEACHER/ AND SUBM-iTTED. hE CR-iED
         -iN TLLE PRESENCE OF ThE tCACHER/ SAY-iNG L E HAD DONE A S-iN/ BUT
         ThE tEACHER COMFORTED H-iM/ SAY-iNG ~yOU L1AVE S-iNNED ~OR ThE
         SAKE OF TLLE dOCTR-iNE AND )~OUR tEACHER! tL~-iS W-iLL ~LELP YOU
         TO REACLL N~ANY STAGES ON TLLE pATLL (SA-LALLL). sHOULD YOU FEEL
         UL1CASY/ i POSSESS PRECEPTS ~V6-iCL~ CAN YRODUCE eNL-i~/HTENMENT
         -iN ThOSE WHO COMM-iTTED TLLE F-iVE PR-iNC-iPAL S-iNS"/ AND HE
         BESTOWED ThEM ON H-iL~L (mHVTPT/ nO. 2323H pANCANAN-
         TAR;YAN-i/ MTShALLLS-LLLED/ MEANS ThAT ThE S-iNNER W-iLL PASS TO
         hELL/ AVO-iD-iN~ ThE L-iLTERN1ED-iATE sTAGE OF b;-R-DO). hE SAW
         TLLE FACE Oe TLLE wENERABLE oNE (wAJRAVARAH-i)/ AND ~ ;-iS ABLE TO
         UNDERSTAND DREAMS AS DREAN1S (-i.E. To GR.-iSP TLLE -iLLUSORY NATURE
         OF DREA-iLL -iN1AGES) FOR/ .L~ SA-i~L BY nA-RO-L~AH ~oNE W-iTh
         PEReECT FACULT-iES/ CAN UNDERSTLA~ -iS) DREALLLS Ae~ER O-i-iE YEA~'S
                                                                          p.736
         PRACT-iCE." hE WAS PKASC~L (W-iTL~ L~-iS RES-LLTS)/ 3ND TLLC tCACL-CR
         SA-iD TO H-iMH ~nOW YOU SL-CULCL OTTCR ME TL~E -iN-iT-i;LT-iON Oe TL~E
         pROTECTOR (nAThA/ mAH;~K;~LA) AND TLLC ~-i KL~ROS." hE BESTOWED
         ThEM ON ThE tEACHER. hC TLLEN ~BTHL-iNED FROM ThE K~LYANaHL-
         M-iTRA Dk~N-MKHAR O~ nAG-MO-PA TL~E L~NCACAKS~ HAV.LLLA-
         KR;~MA (SpYHM-LNA SGON1-R-iLL1) DE~REE OF MED-iTAT-iON/ AND TLLE
         R-iTE Oe cOLLsECRAT-iON ~RAB-GNAS)/ AS W~LL AS N~ANY PRECEPTS AND
         -iN-iT-iAT-iONS FRON1 ThE KALYANA-LLL-iTRA Rd~A-R~-L)A. hE S~ENT F-i?LE
         YEARS W-iTLL ACARYA ~yOR-PO/ AND OL~TA-iNC(L FRON1 LL-i-iLL ThC
         pRAJNAPARAM-iTA AND TLLE gR~A-iLL~LDP;LK;L~RADLPA (SpYOD-PA
         BSDUS-PA-I SGROd-MA/ BY aRYADEVA/ tG. TgYUD/ nO. 1833/~.
         fROM mYAT-i-SGOM L1E OBTA-iNED TL~C ~tL~REE cLASSES OF kL~A-
         RAG" (kHA-RAG SKOR-GSUM/ TLLE DOCTR-iNE OF kHA-RAG-P;L).
         aFTER ThAT HE PROCEEDED TO L~-iS NAT-iVE PLACE/ AND SOLD 11-iS
         F-iELDS. h-iS eATLLER LLAV-iNG D-iED/ i-E ~HRFORMED TL~E FUNERAL R-iTE.
         hE ThEN OBTA-iNED FROLLL TgYA gR~GS-BSO(L/ ~HE s~DAL-i~A-YOGA
         (SbYOR-DRUG)/ ThC RdO-R~E TSh-iG-RKAN/ AND OTLLCR PRECEPTS. fRONL
         ThE KALYANA-M-iTRA ~U HC OBTA-iNED MANY PR~CEPTS. fRON1 TLLE
         ACARYA ~AN TBE 'dUL-BA 'oD-LDAN (pRAL~L1;~VATL/ t /. 'dUL-BA/
         nO. 4125)/ ETC. fROAL 'bAL-S~OM pLLYA/ NA ThE ~-i-BYED AND
         MANY OThCR DOCTR-iNES. hE ThOUGHT OF GO-iNG AGA-iN TO GyOR-
         PO/ AND TO V-iS-iT H-iS tEACHER. hE TOLD H-iNL ABOUT ~-iS V-iS-iON
         O~ ThE yOG-iN-i (wAJRAVARAH;)/ AND TL~ LE WAS ABLE TO RECOGN-i~C
         H-iS DREAMS AS DREAMS. tLLE tEACHER REBUKED H-iM AND SA-iDH
         ~yOU DO NOT KNOW ThE pRAJNAPARAM-iTA WH-iCH OLL /HT TO BC
         KNOWN ! bUT YOU KNOW HOW TO TELL L-iES (WL -iCH ouGLLT LLoT To
         BE KNOWN). dON'T REMA-iN ~L1ETE) w-iTL1 ME!;' dUR-iNG ThE
         SAME N-iGHT HE CALLED H-iN1 AGA-iLL/ AND BESTOWED ON L1Jid ALL ThE
         DOCTR-iNES/ -iN-iT-iAT-iONS AND PTECEPTS. hE WAS APPO-iNTED AS B-iS
         DOMEST-iC ATTENDANT. hE BESTOWED ON L~-iM LL-iDDEN DOC-
         TR-iNES/ FOR F-iVE YEARS -iN ThE pA5T/ AND AG~-iN T6-iS T-iN1E FOR ONC
         YEAR AND SCVEN N1ONThS/ AND SA-iD TO H-iMH ~bE-iNG MY SP-iR-iTUAL
         DESCENDANT/ PRACT-iSE CONSTANT MED-iTAT-iON/" SAY-iNG S~/ ThE
         tEACHER PASSED AWAY. hAV-iNG COL~LPLETED TL~E FL;NERAL T-iTES
         DUR-iNG ThE W-iNTER/ HE SPENT TWO YEARS -iN SECLUS-iON AT Sd-iL-iS MA/
    (5B) PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON AND OBTA-iNED GOOD TESULTS. s-iNCE ~AL-iS-
                                                                          p.737
         PA WAS DE~D/ ThCRE WAS NO OLLE TO ASK/ AND HE ThOUGHT OF
         GO-iN~ TO CONSULT lORD SgAM-PO-PA. oN ThE WAY HE MET ~R
         pHAG-MO GRU-PA. tL-EY BESTOWED PRECEPTS ON EACH OThER.
         aFTER ThAT HE PROCEEDED HLTO ThE PRESENCE OF T6E pREC-iOUS BlA-
         MA AT SgAM-PO/ AND OBTA-iNED FROM H-iM ThE ~'s-iX dOCTR-iNES."
         hE ALSO OBTA-iNE~L A PROPER UNDERSTAND-iNG OF ThE SYSTEM O~ ThE
         ~gREAT sEAL" (mAH;~MUDRA). wL-iEN HE WAS ABOUT TO LEAVE/
         SgAM-PO-PA ESCORTED H-iLLL/ AND ON ThE WAY PEReOR-iNED MANY
         M-iRACULOUS DEEDS SUBDU-iNG EV-iL -iNF~UENCES aFTER ThAT HE
         TOOK UP RES-iDCNCE AT ~mOG-COG. fOR i2 YEARS HE L-iVED ON
         TURN-iP LEAVE~/ AND PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON ONLY. bECAUSE O~ H-iS
         FAME/ MANY D-iSC-iPLES GAThE~ED FROM ALL QUARTERS. ~-i-iNCE
         MONKS COULD NOT BE ACCOMMODATED (-iN ThE MONASTERY)/ HE
         FOUNDED ikUGS-LUNS. tHERE -iS NO N~ED TO TELL ABOUT ThE
         RESULTS OF ThOSE ON WHOM HE L)ESTOWED PRECEPTS D-iRECTLY. tHOSE
         WHO HAD FA-iTh -iN H-iM ALSO GA-iNED UNDERSTAND-iNG. hE UTTERED
         ThE PROPHECY ThAT H-iS SP-iR-iTUAL L-iNEAGE WOULD BE CONT-iNUED BY
         DBoN-STON SkYER-SGAN-PA/ ThAT ThE LATTER'S l-iNE~GE WOULD BE
         CONT-iNUED BY sANS RGYAS SNAN-STON/ ThE LATTER'S l-iNEAGE 6Y
         ONE NAN1ED sAL-iS-RGYAS STON-PA/ AND ThAT H-iS D-iSC-iPLES WOULD
         SPREAD ThE dOCTR-iNE. hE REC -iVED A MESSENGER W-iTh AN -iNV-iTA-
         T-iON TO V-iS-iT BdE-BA-CAN/ BUT HE TEPL-iED Th3T ~tH-iS T-iME i
         ShALL NOT GO"/ AND L-iVED FOR ThREE YEARS MOTE. tHCN HE SA-iD
         TO H-iS D-iSC-iPLESH ~1 AM GO-iNG TO TL E aBH-iRAT-i pATAD-iSE (M~ON-
         DGA'/ ThE eASTERN pARA-~-iSE OF a~;SOBHYA). yOU ShOULD
         ADDRESS YOUR PRAYERS TO ThAT QUARTER"/ AN~L SAY-iNG SO/ HE PASSED
         AWAY. h-iS F-i~Th SUCCESSOR ThE S-iDDHA Se~YER-SGAN-PA dHATMA-
         SEN-GE/ WAS A SP-iR-iTUHLL DESCEND~NT (ZAL-BAS 'KHRUNS-PA) O~ r-iN-
         PO-CHE TmOG-COG-PA. h-iS NAT-iVE PLACE WAS StOD-LUNS-GNAM.
         hE BELONGED TO ThE 'bAL CLAN. fROM ThE AGE OF 12/ HE COTN-
         PLETED ThE REC-iTAT-iON OF ThE MANTRA OF yAMANTAKA (AS A RULE
         ONE BSNEN-PA CORRESPONDS TO ThE REC-iTAT-iON OF ThE MANTRA
         i.OO/OOO T-iMES FOR EACH LETTER OF ThE MANTRA. eX. ThE BSNEN-
         PA OF Th~ FORMULA mA-N-i PAD-ME HUM CONTA-iNS 600/OOO
         REC-iTATJoNS). aT ThE AGE OF 17/ HE RECE-iVED ORD-iNAT-iON -iN ThE
         PRESENCE Oe H-iS UNCLE '~AL/ ThE aLL-kNOW-iNG ('bAL tHAMS-CA~
                                                                          p.738
         MKHYEN-PA)/ AND LLEARD MANY DOCTT-iNES. hE WENT -iN ThE
         RET-iNUE O~ L--iS UNCLE TO A REL-iG-iOUS ASSEN1BLY -iN lHA-SA/ AND A
         MONK GAVE H-iM AS H-iS SLL~REH ThREE (S-iLK) SCAR~S/ A TEA-BOWL
         F-iLLED W-iTLL BARLEY hOUR AND SOME BUTTER. hE TOOK ThESE W-iTh
         H-iM AND PROCEEDED TO A MARR-iAGE CEREMONY (NE-'DON) HELD ON
         ThE PLA-iL- OF bRAG-LBA Kl~-i-PHUG. oN ~ MOUNTA-iLL/ HE SAW A
    (6A) GREY HUT AND -iNQU-iREDH ~wHO -iS STAY-iNG ThETC?" tHE PEO~LE
         REPL-iEDH ' a DEVOTEE OF aVOLOK-iTESVARA/ NALLLED /piLAGS-PA L~E-
         SGOM WAS STAY-iNG TL1ERE." fA-iTh HAV-iNG L~EEN BORN -iN H-iM/
         HE OFFERED ThE PROV-iS-iONS/ HE HAD BROUdHT/ TO H-iM/ AND
         -iNQU-iREDH ~d-iD YOU/ tEACHET/ BEHOLD ThE ~ACE OT aVALOK-iTES-
         VATL?" tHE DEVOTEE ~EPL-iEDH ~1 DO NOT KNOW WL~EThER -iT WAS
         aVALOK-iTESVARA/ OR NOT/ BUT FREQUENTLY i USED TO SEE A GREY
         FOTM ON TLLE MOUNTA-iN OF gR-iB." tHEN SkYET-SGAL; PA REQ-LES-
         TEDH ~pRAY BESTOW ON ME ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON OF aVALOK-iT~SVARA."
         aT F-iRST ThE tEACHER BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE r-iG-STAD -iN-iT-iAT-iON
         (r-iG-STAD-KY-i DBAN). hE USED T~O MEASUTES OF BU~TER/ WH-iCH
         HE HAD BROUGHT W-iTh H-iM/ TO PREPARE OL~ER-iNG LAMPS/ TWO
         iLLEASURES (OF BUTTER) FOR ThE FEST-iVAL Oe CA-RU (A tANTR-iC FEAST/ OR
         GANACAKRA/~CATU/ t-iB. MDZES-PA-I STON-LL)O/ ThE EXPRESS-iON
         BELONGS TO ThE SAMDHYA BHASA)/ AND ON ThREE OCCAS-iONS HE
         OBTA-iN~D (~ROM H-iM) ThE SADHANA OF aVALOK-iTESVAR;L. hE ThEN
         ASKEDH ~'aFTET HOW N~ANY YEARS OF PRACT-iCE D-iD YOU SEE ThE
         V-iS-iON OF aVALOK-iTCSVARA?" tHE TEACHCR REPL-iEDH ~dUR-iNG
         AUTUMNS i USED TO BEG FOR FOOD. tHE RCST Oe ThE T-iMC i
         SL)ENT -iN SECLUS-iON/ AND L1AV-iNG ThUS SP~NT E-iGLLT YEATS/ i SAW A
         V-iS-iON OF aVALOK-iTESVARA SURROUNDED BY H-iS TWO RET-iNUES (ThE
         tARA AND bHTKUT.L/ GtSO-'KHOR-GSUM). a~TER ThH~T T-iME/ i SAW
         h-iM CONSTANTLY./' DBoN-STON ThEN STAYED -iN SECLUS-iON AT
         SkYER-SGAN/ PRA~T-iSED MED-iTAT-iON/ AND ;-ieTER 3~ YEARS 53w ThE
         FACE OF aRYA aV~LOK-iTESVARA. hE ALSO SAW/ W-iThOUT ANY EF~ORT
         ON H-iS PART/ A V-iS-iON OF yAMANTAKA/ WHOSE MANTRA HE USED TO
         REC-iTE FORMERLY. a~TCR ThAT HE WAS TOLD BY H-iS tEACHER/ TO
         PROCEED TO ThE RES-iDENCE OF (H-iS) UNCLE. hE WENT/ AND ThE
         UNCLE TOLD H-iMH ~yOU HAVE SE~N ThE FACES OF BOTh aVALOK-i-
         TESVARA AND hAYAGTLVA. tHETE -iS NO NEED OF L-iSTEN-iNG TO ME/
                                                                          p.739
         ThE kHAMS-PA gREAT BENEF-iT L-iES -iN MED~TAT-iON ONLY. tAKE
         -iT W-iTh YOU/ AND PROCEED TO lA-STOD (GtSAR;) WHERE ThERE -iS
         ONE NAMED tSA-R-i SgOM-PA/ A D-iSC-iPLE O~ rAS-CHUN-PA/" AND
         SAY-iNG SO/ LLE GAVE H-iM ONE GOLD ZO AND S-iX SCARFS.
         hAV-iNG TAKEN ThEM W-iT~ -iM/ L~E JOUTNEYED To lA-STOD.
         oN A CERTA-iN MOUNTA-iN PASS A V-iOLENT HA-iL-STORM OVERTOOL;
         H-iM WH-i~E TLLE SUN REL1LA-iNED Sh-iN-iNG/ AND FOLLOW-iNG ON
         Th-iS AN UNDERSTAND-iNG OF T[~E nATURAL sTATE OR SUNYATA
         WAS PRODUCED -iN H-iN~. wHEN HE CAME TO tSA-R-i SgOM-PO
         ;iN ATTENDANT CAME oLLT TO MEET H-iM/ AND PROSTRATED H-iM-
         SELF -iN FRONT OF H-iM. ~wHY DO YOU PROSTRATE YOURSELF -iN
         FRONT OF ME~ E -iNQU-iRED. ~bY ORDER OF ThE tEACL~ER/ WHO
         H~D -iND-iCATED ThAT TO-DAY A SA-iNT (S-iDDHA) WAS COM-iNG WHO
    (6B) WAS TO BE RECE-iVED. tB-iS MUST BE YOU !" ;~ND SAY-iNG SO/ HE
         LED H-iM -iNS-iDE AND HE MET ThE tEACHER. hAV-iNG PROSTRATED
         H-iMSELF BEFORE TL~E tEACHER/ AND HAV-iNG OFFERED H-iM A SCARF/ HE
         REQUESTCD ThAT AS HE HAD NOT SUFF-iC-iENT PROV-iS-iONS/ HE ShOULD
         BE G-iVEN -iNSTRUCT-iOAS W-iThOUT DELAY. tHE tEACHER SA-iDH
         ~wHEN YOU W-iLL SPEND YOUR GOLDEN ZO AND TL~E (S-iX) SCARFS/ i
         SLL;-iLL F-iN-iSh ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE dOCTR-iNE" (-iN ANC-iENT t-iBET
         S-iLK SCARFS OR KHA-BTAGS WERE GREATLY VALUED AND EVEN USED AS
         CURRENCY). tL--iS WAS ThE ONLY L-iE HE TOLD TO ThE tEACLLER.
         aFTER TWO YEARS ThE tEACLLER BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE COMPLETE
         -iN-iT-iAT-iON ACCORD-iNG TO TLLE METLLOD OF rAS-CHUN-PA/ AND
         -iTS PREC~PTS. a~TER Th-iS 6E ATTENDED FOR F-iVE YEARS ON ONE
         NAMED BlA-MA SpEN-PHUG 3T 'u-YUG/ WHO POSSESSED ThE
         COMPLETE PRECEPTS OF ThE tANTRAS OF lOTD aTLSA/ AND OBTA-iNED
         FROM H-iM ThE COMPLETE PRECEPTS. tHERE HE HEARD O~ ThE FAME
         OF RmOG COG PA/ AND WH-iLE SLEEP-iNG AT ThE FOOT O~ ThE
         MOUNTA-iN PASS OF sANS/ HE SAW A DARK MAN WEAT-iNG A L-iON
         CLOTh MADE OF COTTON/ WHO SA-iD TO H-iMH ~tO-MORROW A
         COMP~N-ioN W-iLL JO-iN YoU ON ThE pASS. i ShALL ACT AS YOUR
         SERVANT. dON'T DEL-iVER ME To MEN -iND-iSCR-iM-iNATELY/" SAY-iNG SO/
         HE D-iSAPPEARED. nEXT DAY HE WENT UP ThE pASS -iN ThE
         COMPANY OF SEVERAL COMPAN-iONS. aT ikLLGS-LUNS HE MET ThE
         tEACHER/ WHO SA-iDH "lAST N-iGHT A DARK MAN WAS SENT BY ME.
                                                                          p.740
         d-iD HE MEET YOU?"--~yES/ HE D-iD"/ HE REPL-iED/ "hE WAS
         ThE PROTECTOR (nAThA/ mAHAL) ! fROM NOW ON LLE W-iLL ACT AS
         YOUR ATTCNDANT." tHEN HE BESTOWED ON H-im -iN A GRADUAL
         WAY ThE CON~PLETE B-iDDEN PRECEPTS/ AND HE OBTA-iNED EXCELLENT
         RESULTS. hE MET NUMBETLESS GODS AND YOG-iNS/ WHO H~D ATTA-iN.
         ED REAL-iZATTON (S-iDDH-i). 0-i~ ThE OCCAS-iON TLLC BLA-MA TOLD H-iM
         ~oPEN ThE GLTE OF REL-iG-iON To OThERS ! ' hE ThEN PCReORMED
         SEVERAL -iN-iT-iANON R-iTES/ BUT H-iS OWN ~ESUKS GREW LESS. hE
         ThEN STAYED -iN SECLUS-iON/ MED-iTATED W-iTh D-iL-iGENCE/ AND AGA-iN
         OBT3-iNED GOOD RESULTS. wHEN HE ThOUGHT Th~T -iT W~S BETTER
         FOR H-i-iLL TO P~ACT-iSE CONST~NT MED-iTAT-iON/ ThEY TOL~ H-iM TL1~T HE
         HAD TO OCCUPY ThE CHA-iR OF ThE DCCEASED 'bLL tSL~AD-MA-BA.
         aBOUT 300 HORSEMEN CAME TO -iNV-iTE H-iM. hE TOLD ThEN1H
         ~ PRACT-iS~ CONST~NT MED-iT~T-iON. i S~ LL NOT GO." hOWEVER/
         ON RECH-iV-iNG ORDCRS FROM H-iS tEACHER/ HE PROCEEDED TO SkYCR-
         SG3N/ ACTED AS ABBOT/ AND ETCCTED 1L CA-iTYA. dES-iT-iNG TO BU-iLD
         A WALL -iN TL~C RNONA5TERY/ HE SOLLECTED EARTh AND STONES/ BUT
         OThERS PREVENTED LL-iRN ~ROM DO-iNG TLLE WORK. hE SA-iD~
    (7A) HAVE NOT ENOUGH POW~R EVEN TO BU-iLD ~ WALL/ ThOUGH -iT HAD
         BEEN SA-iD ThAT A ~EL-iG-i~US pROTCCTOR WA5 TO ACT AS MY ATTEN-
         DANT!" tHC V~RY SAME N-iGHT SEVERAL FAHN-iL-iES/ WHO HAD DAMAGED
         ThE (OLD) w311/ D-iED/ AND ThE PEOPLE CAMC TO CONlESS. hE FELT
         GR-iEF/ AND PER~OLMED ThE R-iTE ~ ThE SEVEN D~YS (~UNERAL T-iTE).
         a~TER Th~T/ EXC~PT FOR A MEMOT-iHLL SERV-iCE ~OR 'b~L/ HE SPENT
         H-iS T-iME -iN RET-iREMENT/ CONCENTRATED H-iS M-iND/ AND H-iS PO~ER
         OF LABOUR-iNG ~OR TLLE WELeARE Oe OThERS -iNCREASED. hC RECE-iVCD
         LARGE OT~ER-iNGS FROM ThE K-iNG O~ 'c;A' (m-i-NAG-'GA'/ tANGUT)
         AND ThE eMPEROR Oe cH-iNA (RgYA?. wH~N HE -iNTENDED SEND-
         -iNG A LARGE OF~ER-iNG TO TB- -iN~NASTERY O~ H-iS tEACHER/ ThE MONKS
         SA-iD TO L1-iMH ~LT -iS -iMPROPER TO SEND OF~ER-iNGS FROm TLLE
         MONASTERY O~ 'bAL/ ThE aL~NOW-iNG/ eO ANOThER PLAC~." tHEY
         DEC-iDED ThAT NOT A S-iNGK ~NAN ShOULD GO TO CONVCY ThE O~CR-
         -iNGS. tHEL1 ThE rEL-i~-iOUS pROTCCTOR ASSUM-iNG ThC FORM OF A
         TRADER FROM 'pHAN-YT-iL/ CONVEYED ThE OFFER-iNGS TO (H-iS) tEACHCR/
         TO A sPoT FROM WH-i~H LkLLGS~ NS COULD BE SEEN/ SAY-iNGH ~nOW/
         WE ShOULD GO TO ThE FE~ST (GANaHLC~KRA) O~ dHA-NA.SAMSKRTA
                                                                          p.741
         (NAME OF TLLE E-i~HT S-iDDHAS OF ThE RF~ )A-PAS(r-iG-'DZ-iLL-
         BR~Y~D() AT T!LE CEMETERY OF mUN-PA M-i-BZAD-PA (ONE OF ThE
         C-iGHT FAN~OUS CCMETER-iES Oe iND-iA/ tAMAKSAYA)/" SAY-iNG 50
         HE D-iSAPPEARED. tL US W-iTh ThE HCLP OF H-iS PRESC-iENCE/ HE
         WAS ABLE/ WH-iLE G-iV-iNG -iN-iT-iAT-iOL1S TO OThERS/ ETC. TO P~TCE-iVE
         ThE STATE OF M-iNDS OF 11-iS D-iSC-iPLES/ AND TL~E-iR TBOUGHTS. hE
         LABOURCD EXTCLLS-iVELY FOR TLLE WELFARE OF OTL1ERS AND PASSED
         AWAY AT ThE ~dE OF 73-
            tHE S-iXTLL SUCCESSOR sAL;S-RGYAS G~LAN-STON ~HHOS-KY-i SES-
         RABH HE WAS BOTN AS SP-iR-iTUAL SOL1 O~ SkYCR-SGAN-PA. h-iS
         NAT-iVE PLACE WAS lOWER yOL. hE BELONGED To ThE G~AN CLAN;
         hE FELT GR-iEF FOR TL1E ENT-iRE pHENOMCNAL wORLD AND AN A~ERS-iON
         TOWARDS iLLATET-iAL WEALTh. ~E T~OUGLLTH ~'1 MUST OBTA-iN
         EMANC-iPAT-iON -iN Th-iS PRESENT BODY" (DAL-'BYOR/ KSANA). ~aT
         ThE AGE OF 1L/ HE CNTER~D ThE GATES OF RD-iG-iON AT gUN.BU-
         MKHAR -iN ThE PRESENCE O~ ThE ACARYA StON-YES. aT ThE AGE O~
         17/ L1E RECE-iVED ThE NOV-iC-iATE -iN ThE PRESENCE OF ThE UPADHYAYA
         bYAN-CL)UB SCMS-DPA'. aT ThE AGE OF 20/ i~c RECC-iVCD TLLE
         F-iNAL MON;LST-iC ORD-iNAT-iON -iN ThE PRESCNCE O~ TLLE UPADLLYAYA
         BzAD-PA. hE HCARD FROM ThC UPADHYAYA AND N1kLLAN-PLLYAT
    (7B) ThE w-iNAYA AND TL~E pRAJNAPARAM-iTA CLASS (S~R-PLLYOGS). fROM
         TLLE ACARYA ~yC HE L)EARD ThE pRAMAL1AV-iL1-iSCAYA (tShAD-MA
         RNAM-~-iCS3 AND OThER TCXTS ON lOG-iC. iN TL~C DOMAM OF ThC
         mADHYAMAKA HC HEARD TLLE ~-iKSASAMUCCAYA (BSlAB-BTUS) AND
         ThC bODH-iSATTVACARYAVATARA (SpYOD' '~UG~. fROM TL~C BLA-LLLA
         gRAGS-PA RAYAL-MTShAN BC OBTA-iAED tANTRAS W-iTh PRECEPTS/ ThE
         ~-i-BYCD/ ThC pL1~G.MO CLLOS-DTUG (tG. RgYUD/ nOS.
         15~6)/ ThE kHA-RAG SKOR-GSUM. ThE nA-RO CHOS-DRUG (ThE s-iX
         dOCTR-iNES OF nA-RO-PAS/ AND ThE PRECEPTS OF sO-CHL-iL-i-BA/ a
         FR-iEAD OF H-iS NA.~LLED lA-STOD 'kHYAMS PO (~tHE wALLDERER OF
         lA-STOD")/ W-iTh WHOM HE HAD STUD-iED MUCH AT gON-L)U-MKHAR/
         SA-iD TO K-iM ~sUCH -iS STUDY! tHE CND OF KNOWLEDGE CAN
         NEV~T BE REACHED! iT -iS S-iM-iLAT TO A M-iTAGE. nOW -iT -iS
         NECESSATY (~OT YOU) TO PTACT-iSE MED-iTAT-iON. i HAVE V-iS-iTED
         DBuS/ GtSAN AND kHAMS -iN SEARCH OF MANY T~ACHERS/ AND
         L~AVE ESPCC-i~.LLY FOLLOS~ED ON TL~ dLLARMASV~m-iN 'bR-i-KLLUN PA/
                                                                          p.742
         SkYER-S~HL-i-i PA/ N-dO-BO-PA AND sA-SKYA-PA. bUT ThE GREATEST
         OF ThEM ALL -iN MED-iTAT-iON WAS ThE BLA-MA NAmED SkYER-SGAN-
         PA O~ 'tShUR-PHU/ A REAL bUDDHA! gO ThERE ! i HAVE ALSO STAYCD
         TLLERE FOR SOME T-iME AND MY PRA~T-iCE OF TLLE AP~AR-iT-iON~-iL BODY
         (SGYU-LUS/ MAYA- KA) A) HAD -iLde~ROVCD". aFTER HEAR-iNG ~HE
         STORY OF SkYER-SGAN-PA/ HE SLLED TEARS OF FA-iTh L-iKE BLOOD/
         AND A GREAT REVERENCE WAS BORN -iN H-iM. hE EXPRESSED A
         STRONG DES-iRC TO MEET B-iM W-iThOUT DELAY. tHE SPR-iNG OF ThE
         YEAR/ -iN WH-iCH HE HAD HEARD ThE NAME O~ ThE tEACHER/ HAD
         NOT YET PASSCD/ WHEN L-iE MET ThE tEACHER. iMMED-iATELY ON
         N1EET-iNG/ ThE BL;L NLA S~-iDH ~'lAST YEAR -iN ThE ALLTUN1N~ -iN A
         HOUSE ON ThE TOP O~ A H-iLL/ ThETE WAS A iNAN BO-iL-iLLG TEA AT
         DUSK WL1O PRAYED FERVENTLY TO N1E/ W-iTLL A W-iDE-OPEN MOUTh.
         wAS Th-iS YOU? i.HAVE OFTEN ThOUGLLT ThAT YOU W-iLL BE COiN-iNG
         TO-MORROW OR T6E DAY-AFTER. wHY D-iD YOU DELAY?" hE
         REPL-iEDH ~1 HAD SOME WORK TO DO." hE ThEN ASKED TLLE
         tEACHER TO G-iVE TLLE CON1PLETE PTECEPTS. tHE tEACHER SA-iDH
         ~LN GENERAL/ Th-iS dOCTR-iNE OF ThE BLA-MA s~NS-PA -iS VERY STR-iCT/
         BUT i ShALL -iMPART TO YOU ThE PRECEPTS OF ThE S-iNGLE L-iNE."
         hAV-iNG BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON AND PRECEPTS/ LLE
    (8A) CQUALLED H-iS tEACLLER -iN ThE RESULTS OF H-iS MED-iTAT-iON. h-iS
         tEACHER -iND-iEATED TO B-iN1 ThE PERSON WHO WOULD HELP H-iM TO
         REN1OVE LL-iNDR;-iNCES. oN ONC OCC~S-iON/ WHEN HE WAS MED-iTA
         T-iNG ~OLLOW-iNG ThE -iNSTTUCT-iONS OF H-iS tEACHER/ HE MET sUKHA-
         S-iDDHL (A D. AK-iAL) WL~O TOLD H-iN1 TW-iCEH "kEEP YOUR M-iAD W-iTh-
         OUT OBJECT. o yOG-iN!" aFTER ThAT AN EXCELLENT UNDERSTAND-
         -iNG O~ uLT-iN1ATE rEAL-iTY (SUNYATA/ GNAS-LUGS) WAS BORN -iN H-iM.
         oN ONE OCC;LS-iON ThC tCACL1ER PRO~LLES-i;D TO H-iM ~BOUT L~-iS
         eUTURE MONASTE~Y/ -iTS NALdE ~-iND H-iS TEN SPEC-iAL D-iSC-iPLES. tHEN
         ThE tEACHER ATTESTED (Th-iS ~ROPHECY) W-iTh ThE WORDSH ~d-iDN'C
         i G-iVE YOU ALL TLLE DOCTR-iNES?" aND HE ADDEDH ~wHEN YOU
         W-iLL BE PRE~CH-iNG ThE dOCTR-iNE To OThERS/ PUT ON RAGGED GAR-
         MENTS/ AND ACCEPT FOOD W-iThOUT D-iSCR-i N1-iNAT-iNG. dUR-iNG TBE
         EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE dOCTR-iNE/ YOU ShOULD LEAVE OUT EVEN ThE
         C-iTTOTPADA R-iTE -iR-i ThE BEG-iNN-iNG/ AND ThE WELL-W-iSh-iNG CERE-
         L11ONY -iN TLLE END." hE ALSO WROTE DOWN NOTES ON TL~E dOCT
                                                                          p.743
         R-iNE/ W-iTh CORRECT-iONS (6Y ThE tEAClLER). hE TLLOUGHRH "tHERE
         -iS NO ONE GREATER ThAN i -iN ThE POSSESS~ON OF PRECEPTS!" hE
         ThEN SPENT Th-iRTCEN S~LMMERS AND WLNTERS AT SkYER-SGAN.
         aFTER ThAT HE JOURNEYED TO 'bR-i-KHUN/ AND MET ThE BLA-MA
         GtSAN-PA. hE ASKCD H-iM FOR PRECEPTS/ BUT H-iS HAND-iCAPS
         WERE NOT REMOVED. hE ThEN DEC-iDEDH "i ShALL E-iThER ATTA-iN
         eNL-iGHTENMENT AT ~UG-!UR-i SPAN-KHA/ OR W-iLL BE DEAD!" aFTER
         SPEND-iNG ThREE YEARS -iN SECLUS-iON/ A YOG-iN CAME TO H-iM AND
         TOLD H-iMH tHE BLA-LNA dUR-KHROD NAG-PO HAS SENT ME TO
         CONVEY .HE DOCTR-iNE TO YOU ! " hE ThEN BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE
         '~H-i-MED -iN-iT-iAT-iON (-iN-iT-iAT-iON OF aM-iTAYUS/ sKTT. aMRTA) AND
         STAYED W-i~H H-iM FOR SEVEN MONThS. aS SOON AS HE GAVE H-iRN
         ThE'~H-i-MED -iN-iT-iAT-iON/ ThE HAND-iCAP WAS REMOVED. tHE
         YOG-iN WEN~ TO lHA-SA AND ON H-i~ RETURN/ HE MADE NUMEROUS
         OFFER-iNGS ~O ThE YOG-iN/ -iNCLUD-iNG GOLD/ S-iLVER/ S-iLK/ ETC. tHE
         YOG-iN REPL-iEDH ~i NEED NO PROPERTY ! i HAVE COME TO BR-iNG
         ThE dOCTR-iNE TO YOUT DOOR ~Th~ TEXT/ FOL. OB/ HAS "CHOS-SGOS
         SKYEL-DU 'OL-iS-PA-Y-iN.../" BUT ShOULD READ--CHOS-SGO SKY~L-
         ~U...)/ AND ThEN DEPARTED. hE ThEN FOUNDED ThE MONASTERY OF
         r-i-GON. hC V-iS-iTED L~ANY PARAD-iSES OF bUDDHAS/ SUCH AS aLAKA-
         VAT~ A~ O-CAN/ pARAD-iSE OF wAJTAPAN-i AND kUVERA/ S-iTUATED
         TO ThE sOUTh OF mOUNT mERU) AND OThERS/ MET DAK-iN-iS/ SUCH
         AS sUKH~S-iDDHL AND OThERS/ D-iSCUSSED W-iTh ThEM/ AND MET 80
         S-iDDHAS. wL1EN L-iGHTN-iNG STRUCK H-iS BODY/ NO HARM RESULTED.
         w-iTL.O~ -iS SYEC-iAL ORDERS/ ThE rEL-iG-iOUS pROTECTOR USED TO
    (8B) DESTROY H-iS ENE~N-iES. hE PREACHED EXTENS-iVELY REL-iG-iON TO H-iS
         D-iSC-iPLES/ AND A-iSO DECL.LRED ~HAT A MEET-iNG W-iTh H-iM WAS
         ENOUGH (TO OBTA-iN EMANC-iPAT-iON). hE ALSO L)ECAME ThE mASTER
         OF rEL-iG-iON OF H-iS T-iME.
            tHE SEVENTh SUCCESSOR KNOWN AS sA-i-iS-RGYAS STON-PA/ WHO
         BECAME ThE V-iCAR OF sANS-RGYAS GnAN-STONaH hE WAS BORN -iN
         ThE YCAR OF ThE ~LARE (YOS-LO) -iN ThE FAM-iLY OF ThE bON-PO yA-
         T-i~L DKAR-PO AT s-iL-M;L. aS SOON AS HE BEGAN TO ACT CONSC-iOUSLY/
         L1E ShOWED DEVOT-iON TOWARDS ThE dOCTR-iNE. aT ThE A~E OF
         E-i~RL~T/ HE MASTERE~L ThE ALPL~ABET. aT ThE AGE OF TEN/ HE HEARD
         ThE UN-iQUE TRAD-iT-iON OF G(~OC' FROM mA-GCw-iG SPRUL-SKU AT gAR;-
                                                                          p.744
         BZAN. s-iNCE H-iS CH-iLDHOOD/ H-iS M-iND F-iLLED W-iTh SADNESS/ HE
         USED TO PERFORM MER-iTOR-iOUS DEEDS BY DAY AND BY N-iGHT/ SUCH
         AS ThE C-iRCUMAMBULAT-iNG (OF HOLY OBJECTS)/ ETC. aT ThE AGE
         OF 13/ HE WAS ORDA-iNED -iN ThE PRESENCE OF ThE BLA-MA tSA-R-i
         RAS-PA WHO TOLD H-iMH "yOU W-iLL BENEF-iT L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS/ AND
         BECAUSE YOU W-iLL ShOW D-iL-iGENCE TOWARDS ThE dOCTR-iNE/
         RECE-iVE ThE NAME OF BRtSON-'GRUS SEN-GE ("l-iON OF d-iL-i-
         GENCE")!" tHE tEACHER'S DEATh PREVENTED H-iM FROM
         ATTEND-iNG ON ThE tEACHER FOR A CONS-iDERABLE LENGTh OF
         T-iME. hE ThEN HEARD MANY DOCTR-iNES FROM ThE ACARYA
         sREGS. aT ThE A~E OF i7/ HE PREACHED ThE dOCTR-iNE AND
         MAN-iFESTED H-iS AB-iL-iTY -iN -iT. hE ThEN OBTA-iNED AN EXTENS-iVE
         EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE G(~OD SYSTEM FROM sUM-STON RAS-PA/ AND
         PLEASED H-iM W-iTh OT~ER-iNGS. tHE LATTER GAVE H-iM A PROPHECYH
         '~tHANKS TO YOU/ Th-iS R-iTE O~ G~OD W-iLL SPREAD W-iDELY." hE
         ALSO OBTA-iNED ThE cYCLE OF h-iEVAJRA/ ETC. FROM ThE BLA-MA
         DBu-MA-PA. hAV-iNG HEARD ThAT BzAN-YUL-PA WAS A S-iDDHA/
         HE OBTA-iNED FROM H-iM ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON OF aM-iTAYUS DUR-iNG SEVEN
         DAYS/ AND ThE tEACHER TOLD H-iMH ~yOU WERE TO D-iE -iN ThE
         AUTUMN/ BUT BY Th-iS -iN-iT-iAT-iON YOUR L-i~E HAS BEEN PROLONGED.
         wHEN ThE AUTUMN CROP W-iLL BECOME YELLOW/ YOU W-iLL Th-iNK
         ThAT YOU ARE FORTUNATE NOT TO D-iE AT Th-iS T-iME. mY BLESS-iNG
         AND ThAT OF aM-iTAYUS? HAVE PROLONGED YOUR L-iFE. nOW T-iLL
         YOU ARE Th-iRTY DO NOT PREACH Th-iS dOCTR-iNE TO MEN! aFTER
         ThAT/ ThE (-iN-iT-iAT-iON) OF aM-iTAYUS W-iLL BENEF-iT L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS.
         aT ThE AGE OF i9/ BE SURE TO TAKE UP TLLE F-iNAL MONAST-iC
         VOWS!" fROM ThE BLA-MA SpAN-PO-BA HE OBTA-iNED ThE cYCLE
         OF ThE DOCTR-iNES OF ~;AN 'tShAL-PA/ ETC. aT ThE AGE OF 19/ HE
         RECE-iVED ThE F-iNAL MONAST-iC ORD-iNAT-iON -iN ThE PRESENCE OF ThE
         UPADHYAYA ~HHOS-RGYAL. hE L-iSTENED TO ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE
         dOCTR-iNE AT ThE FEET OF ThE BLA-MA GlAN-PHUG-PA/ ThE ACARYA
         tShOGS-STON ~AK/ ThE BLA-MA kHRO-PHU-BA/ ThE BLA-MH-i sA-SKYA-
         PA/ ThE ACARYA GtSAN-PA/ ThE ACARYA ~O-STAN/ ThE ACARYA s-iDDHA/
         MkHAR-RGYAB-PA/ ThE ACARYA ~O-RGYAL/ AND kHATNS-STON. tHEN
         HE DEC-iDED ThAT HE ShOULD GO -iN SEARCH OF A S-iDDHA TEACHER AND
         PRACT-iSE MED-iTAT-iON. tHERE WAS A GREAT SCHOL.LR NAMED BLA-MA
                                                                          p.745
         R~OG-STON/ WHO WAS SA-iD TO BE MORE LEARNED AND MORE V-iRTUOUS
         ThAN sA-LO (sA-SKYA PAND-iTA) AND gRO-LO (gRO-PHU LO-TSA-BA). hE
         ACCORD-iNGLY WENT TO V-iS-iT LL-i-iN. hE SPENT ThE N-iGHT W-iTh H-iM.
         aT N-iGHT ThCRE RESOUNDED A LOUD OUTCRYH '~mAY ThE wENE-
         RABLE tARA REL-iEVE H-iM OF ThE DANGERS OF hELL! ' hE -iNQU-iREDH
         '~wHAT HAS HH~PPENED?" hE (R~OG-STON~ REPL-iEDH ~(LN MY
         DREAM) i SAW MYSELF ABOUT TO FALL -iNTO ThREE DEEP P-iTS/ F-iLLED
         W-iTh DARKNESS. i ASKEDH ~wHAT WAS -iT?" AND ThE REPLY CAME
         ThAT ThESE P-iTS REPRESENTED ThREE HELLS (1. nARAKA/ 2. pRETALOKA/
         3. t-iRYAGLOKA). fR-iGHTENED/ i CR-iED OUT. nOW -iT -iS NECE-
         SSARY FOR ME TO PROCEED TO ~ TEACHER S-iDDHA. iT -iS SA-iD ThAT
         AT yOL-PHU ThERE -iS ONE NAMED r-i-GON-PA WHO -iS AN EXPERT -iN
         ThE PRACT-iCE OF ThE APPAR-iT-iONAL BODY (SGYU-LUS)/ AND DREAMS/
         POSSESSES PRESC-iENCE/ AND HAD V-iS-iON OF MANY TUTELATY DE-iT-iES.
         hE -iS SA-iD TO BE A SECRET YOG-iN/ A MAHAS-iDDA." hE DEC-iDED
         TO V-iS-iT H-iM AT ANY RATE/ BUT WAS PREVENTED FROM DO-iNG SO FOR
         ThREE YEARS. dUR-iNG ThAT T-iME ThE ACARYA R~-itOG-STON PASSED
         AWAY. tHEN/ WHEN HE WAS GO-iNG TO MEET ThE S-iDDHA/ ThE
         L~TTER TOLD H-iS HiTTENDANT NAMED BLA-MA kON-PO-BA AT DAWNaH
         ~tO-DAY AN ASCET-iC W-iLL BE COM-iNG TO SEE ME FROM rAB-GRON.
         hE W-iLL BECON~E ThE mASTER OF MY PRECEPTS. (tHROUGH H-iM)
         MY PRECEPTS W-iLL SPREAD FROM u-RGYAN (oDD-iYANA/ sWAT) AND
         jALANDHARA (lOWER kANGRA/ -iN ThE wEST) TO ThE ShORE OF ThE
         oUTER oCEAN (-iN ThE eAST). tH-iS MORN-iNG DAK-iN-iS AND rEL-i-
         G-iOUS pROTECTOTS WENT OUT TO RECE-iVE H-iM. nOW YOU ShOULD
         SWEEP ThE CHAPCL/ AS HE -iS FOND OF CLEANL-iNESS." tHEN/ WHEN
         ThE ATTENDANT HAD F-iN-iShED SWEEP-iNG ThE CHAPEL/ AND HAD
         ARRANGED ThE OF~ER-iNGS/ ThE BLA-MA TOLD H-iM. ~'nOW HE -iS
         TAK-iNG H-iS ~OOD AT ThE MARSh OF GsER-GC-iG-MA. gO QU-iCKLY
    (9B) TO RECE-iVE H-iM!" wHEN ThE BLA-MA kON-PO-BA R~ACHED ThE
         ThE BEG-iNN-iNG OF ThE MARSh/ HE SAW H-iM. wHEN ThEY REACHED
         yAN-DGON/ ThE BLA-MA SA-iDH '~yOU -iNTENDED COM-iNG TO-MORROW
         OR ThE DAY-AFTER/ BUT -iNSTEAD YOU D-iD NOT LEAVE FOR ThREE YEARS!
         dUR-iNG ThAT T-iME TWO TEACHERS/ ThE ACARYA R~OG-STON AND G~HU-
         PA NAG-PO/ WHO HAD PROPHES-iED OUR MEET-iNG/ HAVE PASSED
         AWAY !" hE TL~OUGHT ThAT ThE tEACHER MUST POSSESS AN UN-iM-
                                                                          p.746
         PEDED FACULTY OF PRESC-iENCE. aGA-iN ThE BLA-MA SA-iDH ~wHY
         D-iD YOU COME HERE/ HAV-iNG FA-iTh -iN ME?/' hE REPL-iEDH L
         HEARD YOU WERE EXPER- -iN ThE PRACT-iCE OF ThE APPAR-iT-iONAL BODY
         (SGYU-LUS) AND DREAMS/ ThAT YOU HAD REAL-iZED ThE PRABHASVARA
         STATE/ ThAT YOU HAD V-iS-iONS OF MANY TUTELARY DE-iT-iES AR.D TBAT
         YOU WERE ATTENDED BY rEL-iG-iOUS pROTECTOTS. hAV-iNG HEARD OF
         Th-iS/ i HAVE COME TO SEE YOU. pRAY BESTOW ON N~E ThE PRE-
         CEPTS OF ThE BLA-MA sAR;S-PA !" tHE tEACHER ThEN GTADUALLY
         BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON AND PRECEPTS/ TOGEThER W-iTh
         ThE-iR RESPECT-iVE METhODS/ AND ThERE EX-iST NUMEROUS ACCOUNTS
         ABOUT ThE EXCELLENCE OF H-iS RNED-iTAT-iON/ AND ABOUT H-iS LABOURS FOR
         ThE WELFARE OF MEN AND AMANUSYAS. iN H-iS LATER L-ieE HE DEL-iVERED
         NUMEROUS PROPHEC-iES. hE ESPEC-iALLY PROPHES-iED ThAT ~HERE
         WOULD APPEAR A HUNDRED AND E-iGHT D-iSC-iPLES WHO ~OULD SURELY
         GO TO pARAD-iSE. aT ThE AGE OF 72/ HE ShOWED S-iGNS OF PASS-iNG
         AWAY AT r-i-GOR;. oN H-iS CREMAT-iON/ MANY REL-iCS WERE RECOVE-
         RCD (FROM ThE AShES)/ AND WERE KEPT -iN A GOLDEN CA-iTYA ALLD A
         REL-iC-HOLDER (NA;L-RTEN) WH-iCH BECAME OBJECTS OF WORSh-iP BY .LL
         L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS. w-iTh H-iM ThE SUCCESS-iON OF ThE S-iNGLE l-iNEAGE
         CAME TO AN END. tHOSE WHO ATTA-iNED EMANC-iPAT-iON BY
         FOLLOW-iNG AFTER -iTS BRANCHES AND SECT-iONS WERE NUMEROUS. iT -iS
         D-iFF-iCULT TO ESTABL-iSh CLEARLY ThE DATES/ MONThS AND ThE AGE OF
         ThESE TEACHERS. RmOG-COG-PA WAS A CONTEMPORARY OF ~pAL pHAG-
         N~O-GRU-~A. SkYER-SGAR;-~A WAS A CONTEMYORARY OF lORD 'bR-i-
         KHU-i-i-PA. sAR;S-RGYAS G~AN-STON ~/VAS A CONTEN~PORARY OF lORD
         SpYAN-SNA. sAR;S RGYAS STON-PA WAS A CONTE-iNPORARY OF y.LRL-
         DGON-PA. oN ThE DAY WH-iCH PRECEDED ThE CREN~AT-iON R-iTE AND
         FEST-iVAL FOR sANS-RG~/AS STON-PA/ StON-PA H-iMSELF APPEARED -iN
         ThE RES-iDENCE OF ThE BLA-MA a/ AND PROPHES-iEDH ~i MYSELF LLAyE
   (10A) PERFORMED AN AUSP-iC-iOUS CEREMONY. tO-MORROW ThE CROWD W-iLL
         BE QU-iET." tH-iS B-iA-MA a-SER; WAS A tANTR-iC WHO BELONGED TO
         ThE CLAN OF G~HU/ AND WAS BORN AT rU-ALTShAMS lUG-R;L-K~LA. hE
         POSSESSED ThE tANTRAS OF ThE ~oiD" mANTRAYANA AND A GREAT
         EXCELLENCE -iN PRACT-iCE. hE OBTA-iNED ThE PRECEPTS FROM sAR;S-
         RGYAS STON-PA/ AND N~ASTERED ThE (PRACT-iCE) OF ThE APPAR-iT-iONAL
         60DY ~SGYU-LUS~ AND TLLAT ~F ThE PRABHASVARA STATE ('OD-GSAL).
                                                                          p.747
            tHE D-iSC-iPLE OF sANS-RGYAS STON-PA/ KNOWN AS MkHAS-GRUB
         ~ANS-STONaH h-iS NAT-iVE PLACE WAS kHOR;-RKYAN yAN-KL-AL-i. hE
         WAS BOTN -iN ThE YEAR wOOD-mALE-hORSE (S-iN-PHO-RTA--1 234
         a.d.) AS SON OF DBoN-PO DkON-MCH.~G-BZAN AND MOThER ~O-
         DGE. fROM CH-iLDHOOD HE FELT GREAT C)MM-iSERAT-iON TOWARDS
         ThE wORLD/AND MASTETED ThE ALPKABET AT ThE AGE OF 8 OR 9. aT
         ThE AGE OF 13/ HE WAS ORDA-iNED A NOV-i~E/ -i;~ HOG-PA ACT-iNG AS
         UPADHYAYA/ AND tShUL-SES AS ACARYA/ AND RECE-iVED ThE NAME OF
         tShUL-KHR-iMS .NGON-PO~ ~E STUD-i~D ThE pRAJNAPARAM-iTA AND
         ThE ~3OFLH-iSATTVACARYAVATARA W-iTh ThE ACARYA (tShUL-SES) AND ThE
         ACARYA ~AKYA-'BUM. aT ThE ~GE OF 18/ HE MADE A NEW EXPO-
         S-iTON OF -iT. tHE ACARY~ SA-iD TO H-iMH ~aN UNDERSTAND-iNG OF
         pRA-i~ANA -iS COM-iNG TO YOU ! sTUDY -iT BY HEART !" AND HANDED
         OVER TO H-iM ThE BAS-iC TEXT OF ThE (pRAMANA) V-iN-iSCAYA (RnAM-
         R/ES~. wHEN ThE ACARYA EXPLA-iNED TO LL-iM ThE F-iRST L-iNE (OF TLLE
         TEXT)/ HE ALREADY KNEW ThE REMA-iN-iN~ PORT-iON OF ThE F-iRST PAGE.
         hE BECAME LEARNED -iN lOG-iC (pRAMANA)/ AND B~C~N1E K-i-OWN ~S
         A GOOD SCHOLAR. fURThER/ HE L1EARD (TLLE EXPOS-iT-iON) OF ThE
         f-iVE tREAT-iSES OF mA-iTREY;L"/ ThE F-iVE D-iV-iS-iONS OF ThE yOGA-
         C;~RA-BLLUM-i OF aSANGA/ ThE SEVEN TREAT-iSES ON lOG-iC (tShAD-
         MA SDE-BDUN)/ ThE s-iX mADHYAMAKA tREAT-iSES OF nAGARJUNA
         (DBu-MA-I-L--iG~ TShOGS DRUG)/ TLLE ~-iKSASAMUCC~YA (BSlAB-BTUS)/
         AS WELL AS M~NY tANTR-iC TEXTS. fROM ThE BLA-MA sA-STON lHA-
         R-iN HE HEARD ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF MANY tANTRAS OF ThE mANTRA-
         YANA AND SADHANAS. hE L1EARD ThE BkA'-GD~MS-PA ~OCTR-iNE
         ~ROM ThE PRECEPTOR OF Gy~/'-LUN DGON-GSAR/ AND FROM MdO-BA
         kARML-PA H-iS H-iDDEN DOCTR-iNES. h-iS KNO~LEDGE BEC~NLE EX-
         CELLENT. hA~--iNG NO ATTACLLMENT TO Th-iS WORLD/ HE SOLD ~L-iS
         ENT-iRE COUNTRY-ESTATE/ AND ON ELEVEN OCC~S-iONS D-iSTR-iBUTED YRE-
         SENTS -iN MEMORY OF L~-iS PARENTS. aS SOON AS HE HEA~D ABOUT
   (10B) ThE FAME OF sANS-RGYAS STON-PA/ HE FELT REVERENCE FOR H-iM/
         PROCEEDED TO r-i-GON/ ~ND ASKED FOR PRECEPTS. ~HE BLA-MA
         ThOUGHT HE WAS A SU.T~BLE D-iSC-iPLE/ AND B~STOWED ON H-iM ThE
         COMPLETE cYCLE OF n-i-GU-(MA) tHE BLA-MA WAS PLEASED W-iTh
         K-iS RESULTS/ AND PRA-iSED LL-iM/ SAY-iNG ~yOUR PROGRESS -iS BET~ER
         ThAN M-iNE !" wHEN ThE BLA-MA DkON-SKYABS OF G~U-BRAG-
                                                                          p.748
         DMAR CAME TO r-i-GON/ HE HEARD ~ROM H-iM ThE SL~-iN-Th-iG. aFTEL
         A GLANCE AT H-iM/ HE OBTA-iNED A CLEAR V-iS-iOLL O~ ThE F-iRST STAGE OF
         ThE RA-iNBOW V-iS-iON (MED-iTAT-iON ON BR-iGHT OBJECTS LCHOS-N-iD
         MNON-SUM-GY-i SNAN-BA RGYA-CHEN-PO(). aFTER ThAT HE PRACT-iSED
         MED-iTAT-iON AT tSA-R-i AND FELT A STRONG TEMPTAT-iON. hE HEARD
         (ThE EXPOS-iT-iON) O~ ThE ~'pATh AND fRU-iT" dOCTR-iNE (lAM/'BRAS)
         FRONL ThE BLA-NLA kHAMS-PA O~ RgAN-MO iHAS-PA. hE BEGGED
         ThAT H-iS HAND-iCAPS M-iGHT BE TEMOVED/ AND H-iS HAND-iCAPS D-iS-
         APPEARED. aFTER ThAT HE TOOK UP RES-iDENCE AT '~AG AND LABOURED
         EXTENS-iVELY FOR ThE WELFARE OF OThERS. hE HAD MANY D-iSC-iPLES
         POSSESS-iNG YOG-iC -iNS-iGHT. aT ThE AGE O~ 76 ON ThE 1 STh DAY
         OF ThE ~FTh MONTh O~ ThE YEAR eARTh-fEMALE-hEN (SA-MO-BYA--
         1309 a.L~.) HE DREW -iNRO H-iMSEL~ ThE V-iS-iON OF Th-iS L-iFE/ AND
         HASTENED A~TER sANS-RGYAS STON-PA.
            h-iS D-iSC-iPLE '~AG-PA RgYAL-MTShAN-'BUM HE WAS BORN -iN
         ThE YEAR iRON-fEMALE-hEN (LCAGS-N1O-BYA--i261 a.d.) WHEN
         sANS-STON WAS R~8. hE D-iED AT ThE AGE OF 74 -iN ThE YEH-iR wOOD-
         mALE-dOG (S-iN-PHO-KHY-i--1334 a.d.). ~E OBTA-iNED PRECEPTS
         FRONL ~ANS-STON AND DEVELOPED A GOOD MENTAL CONCENTRAT-iON.
         ~LE BECAME VETY FAMOUS/ AND LABOURED FOR ThE WELFARE OF L-iV-iNG
         BE-iNGS.
            h-iS NEPHEW bYAMS-PA-DPALH HE WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR
         iRON-mALE-dOG (iCAGS-PHO-KHY-i--13L0 a.d.) WH-iCH WAS ThE
         F-iFT-iETh YEAR OF (H-iS) UNCLE ThE dHARMASVAM-iN RgYAL-MTShAN-
         'BUM-PA. tH-iS YEAR FOLLOWS ThE DEATh OF ~AN STON. hE
         POSSESSED A GREAT LACULTY OF CONCENTRAT-iON ACCORD-iNG TO ThE
         METhOD OF n-i-GU (MA). mANY GREAT MEN BECAME H-iS D-iS-
         C-iPLES. hE LABOURED FOR A CONS-iDERABLE LENGTh OF T-iME FOR
         ThE WELFARE OF OThERS/ AND PASSED AWAY AT ThE AGE OF 82 -iN
         ThE YEAR iRON-fEMALE-sHEEP (LCAGS-MO-LUG--1391 a.d.). tHE
         YEAR OF H-iS B-iRTh AND ThAT OF H-iS DEATh CORRESPOND TO ThOSE
         OF ThE dHARMASVAM-iN 'bA'-RA-BA.
            '~AG-PA'S D-iSC-iPLE ThE S-iDDHA ~HOS-'BYUN R-iN-CHENaH HE WAS
         BO.N -iN ThE YEAR iRON-fEMALE-hARE (LCAGS-MO-YOS--~3si a.d)
         AS SON OF FAThER DpON-Y-iG G~ON-NU R-iN-CHEN AND MOThER
         BsOD-NAMS-DPAL AT ~OR;-YUR/ A PLACE BLESSED BY 'bRE ~ES-RAB-
                                                                          p.749
         'BAR. iN H-iS CH-iLDHOOD HE L-iAD NO D-iFF-iCULTY -iN MASTER-iNG ThE
         ALPHABET/ BOTh ThE CURS-iVE AND PR-iNTED SCR-iPTS. aT ThE AGE
   (11A) OF 12/ HE WAS ORDA-iNED BY ThE UPADHYAYA r-iN-CHEN BSAM-GTAN-
         DPAL-BZAN AND ThE ACARYA ~OL-i-STON RAB-BRTAN. hE STUD-iED
         ThE pRAJNAPARAM-iTA/ AND ~OR ThE F-iRST T-iME PREACHED AN EXPOS-i-
         T-iON OF -iT AT GnAS-RN-iN. hE ALSO PREACHED ThE dOCTR-iNE. aT
         ThE AGE OF 32/ HE RECE-iVED ThE F-iNALR MONAST-iC ORD-iNAT-iON -iN
         ThE PRESENCE OF ThE UPADHYAYA r-iN-CHEN RGYAL-MTShAN-DPAL-
         BZAN-PO/ ThE ACARYA lEGS-MCHOG-PA AND ThE sECRET pRECEPTOR/
         ThE BkA'-BZ-i-PA r-iN-CHEN RDO-RJE. iN GENERAL/ WH-iLE HE
         WAS STAY-iNG AT H-iS NAT-iVE PLACE/ HE HAD V-iS-iONS OF MgON-PO
         RGYAN-CAN. aN UNDERSTAND-iNG OF ThE nATURAL sTATE (GNAS-
         LUGS/ Shâ–NYATâƒ) WAS PRODUCED -iN H-iM. aFTER READ-iNG ThE l-iFE
         O~ kHYUN-PO/ -iN ThE SAME N-iGHT HE BECAME ABLE TO REAL-iZE ThE
         DREAM NATURE OF H-iS DREAMS W-iThOUT EFFORT. aT ThE AGE OF 38/
         HE SENT F-iRST A LETTER TO '~AG-CHEN bYAMS-PA-DPAL/ AND ThEN
         MET H-iM/ AND OBTA-iNED ThE COMPLETE PRECEPTS. hE OBTA-iNED
         FROM ThE ACARYA DpAL-BZAN-PA ThE aGAMAS WH-iCH WETE ThE
         FOUNDAT-iON OF ThE PRECEPTS (RGYAB-SKYOT). lATET/ HE TOOK UP
         TES-iDENCE AT GnAS-RN-iN AND yOL. mOST OF H-iS T-iME HE SPENT
         -iN SECLUS-iON. hE ALSO POSSESSED A FACULTY OF PRESC-iENCE/ AND
         BESTOWED -iN-iT-iAT-iONS ON MANY OThERS. aT ThE AGE OF 58/ HE
         ShOWED S-iGNS O~ PASS-iNG -iNTO n-iRVANA ON ThE i4Th DAY OF
         ThE FULL mOON OF ThE STAR bYA-SPOS (sRAyANA/ ThE 20Th
         ASTER-iSM) OF ThE YEAR eARTh-mALE-mOUSE (SA PHO-BY-i-BA--
         i408 a.d.). oN CREMAT-iON/ NUMBERLESS REL-iCS WERE RECOVERED
         (FROM ThE AShES). iN ShORT/ Th-iS hOLY mAN WAS BORN -iN ThE
         YEAR OF ThE FOUNDAT-iON OF RtSE-ThAN. s-iNCE ThE B-iRTh OF
         MkHAS GRUB ~AN~STON TO ThE PRESENT f-iRE-mALE-aPE YEAR
         (ME-PH~SPRE--1476 a.d.) 243 YEARS HAVE PASSED.
            tHE D-iSC-iPLE OF sANS RGYAS STON-PA/ NAMED MkHAS-BTSUN
         G~ON-NU-GRUBH HE WAS BORN AS SON OF FAThER RgYAL-PO tShE-
         'PHEL AND MOThER RgYA-MO kHYE-'DREN-DPAL AT GcHUN-PA YU-BA-
         GDON OF lOWER mYAN. aT ThE AGE OF LO/ HE WAS ORDA-iNED
         -iN ThE PRESENCE OF nAM-MKHA'-GRAGS/ ThE MAHA-UPADHYAYA OF
   (11B) SnAR-ThAN. hE STUD-iED ThE p-iTAKAS W-iTh ~HHU-M-iG-P~ AND
                                                                          p.750
         OThERS. aT ThE AGE OF 20/ HE TECE-iVED ThE F-iNAL MONAST-iC
         OTD-iNAT-iON -iN ThE PRESENCE OF ThE SAME MAHA-UPADHYAYA.
         wHEN HE WAS ABOUT 22/ HE V-iS-iTED ThC BLA-MA 'pHAGS-PA OF
         sA-SKYA AND HEARD (iROM H-iM) MANY EXPOS-iT-iONS OF ThE
         tANTRAS. hE ALSO HEARD ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF MANY tANTRAS
         FROM ThE GREAT KALYANA-M-iTRAS/ WHO RES-iDED AT ThE MONASTERY
         (OF sA-SKYA)/ hE BECAME LEARNED. wH-iLE HE WAS TRA-iN-iNG
         H-iS D-iSC-iPLES/ ThE sA-SKYA ~EUD BROKE OUT/ AND HE FELT AFFL-iCTED.
         hE ATTENDED ON E-iGHTY-ThREE TEACHERS AND PRACT-iSED PROFOUND
         PRECEPTS. iN PART-iCULAR/ HAV-iNG HEARD ThE NANLE OF sANS-RGYAS
         STON-PA/ HE FELT A STRONG FA-iTh PRODUCED -iN H-iM.
         hE CAME TO H-iM/ AND HEARD ThE COMPLETE PRECEPTS OF
         ThE ~ANS-PA BkA'-BRGYUD SECT/ AND MAR.Y H-iDDEN DOCTR-iNES
         -iN ThE POSSESS-iON OF ThE tEACHER. tHE tEACHER WAS VERY
         PLEASED AT H-iS RESULTS. hE FELT A GREAT SADNESS -iN Th-iS L-iFE/
         BUT ThE tEACHER ON FOUR OCCAS-iONS ORDERED H-iM TO LABOUR FOR
         ThE WELFARE OF OThERS. hE ENGAGED -iN ThE PERFORMANCE OF
         ThE G~OD R-iTE W-iThOUT CAR-iNG FOR H-iS BODY AND L-iFE -iN MANY
         LOCAL-iT-iES OF DBuS AND GtSAN/ AND LABOURED FOR ThE WELFARE
         OF MANY DEVAS AND DEMONS. aFTER ThAT HE FOUNDED BsAM-
         SD-iNS -iN lOWER mYAN. hE TAUGHT NUMEROUS D-iSC-iPLES/
         CH-iEFLY ThE "pATh & fRU-iT" (lAM-'BTAS) DOCTR-iNE/ ThE mH-iHA-
         MUDRA/ AND ThE n-i-GU-MA'S SYSTEMS. h-iS FAME SPTEAD
         SUDDENLY AND A LARGE RET-iNUE GAThERED ROUND H-iM. h-iS CH-iEF
         SUPPORTER WAS ~A-LU SKU-ZAN-PA. iN ThE END/ HE GAVE
         -iNSTRUCT-iONS ABOUT H-iS OWN ~UNER~L R-iTE/ AND D-iED -iN ThE
         F-iRST MONTh OF ThE SUMMER OF TLLE YEAR eARTh-fEMALE-sHEEP
         (SA-MO-LUG--131~ a.d.). tH-iS eARTh-fEMALE-sHEEP YEAR -iS
         ThE YEAR OF ThE COMPOS-iT-iON OF ThE COMMENTARY ON ThE
         pR~JNAPAR~M-iTA BY bU-STON r-iN-PO-CHE.
            MkHAS-GRUB cHOS-RJE'S D-iSC-iPLE GsER GL-iN-PA BkRA-S-iS-
         DPALH H-iS NAT-iVE COUNTRY WAS yOL-PHU GSER-GL-iN. hE WAS
         BORN -iN ThE YEAR wATER-mALE-dRAGON (CHU-PHO 'BRUG--1~92
         a.d.) AS SON OF FAThER NAMED RjE-BTSUN AND MOThER DkON-
         MCHOG-RGYAN. hE LEARNT ThE ALPHABET AT ThE AGE OF 6-7.
         hE RECE-iVED ThE F-iNAL MONAST-iC ORD-iNAT-iON -iN ThE PRESENCE OF
                                                                          p.751
         nEL-PA PAN CHEN. hE ST--iD-iED W-iTh nEL-PA/ UNCLE AND NEPHEW/
         Th~ w-iNAYA AND ThE aBH-iDHARMAKOSA/ AS WELL AS NUMETOUS
         p-iTAKAS -iNCLUD-iNG ThE pRAJNAPARAM-iTA AND lOG-iC/ ETC./ AT
   (12A) GsAN-PHU. hE ATTENDED ON MANY hOLY mEN/ SUCH AS ThE
         dHARMASVAM-iN rA-i~.-BYUN RDO-R~E/ ThE RgYA-DRAG CHOS-R~E/ ThE
         PURUSOTTAMA BsAM-GTAN-DPAL/ AND OThERS. iN PART-iCULAT/ HE L-iS-
         TENED TO NUMEROUS -iNSTRUCT-iONS -iN ThE DOCTR-iNES O~ ThE mANTRA-
         YANA -iMPARTED BY TEACHERS WHO RES-iDED -iN ThE V-iC-iN-iTY OF H-iS
         NAT-iVE PLACE/ hE ALSO OBTA-iNED MANY PTECEPTS OF ~AR;S-PA
         FROM RmOG-COG-PA r-iN-CHEN BLO-GROS AND OThERS. hE HAD
         MANY V-iS-iONS OF MANY TUTELARY DE-iT-iES. iN PART-iCULAR/
         mAHAKALA HAV-iNG MAN-iFESTED H-iMSELF/ UNDERTOOK TO ASS-iST H-iM
         -iN H-iS UNDERTAK-iNGS. hE ATTA-iNED EXCELLENT AND DEF-iN-iTE
         RESULTS -iN H-iS MED-iTAT-iON. hE OBTA-iNED ThE PRECEPTS (UPADESAS)
         ~ROM MkHAS-BTSUN G-i~ON-NU-GRUB/ ThE mASTER OF ThE dOCTR-iNE
         OF ~ANS-PA. tHE tEACHER ALSO -iNSTRUCTED H-iM -iN ~HE DOCTR-iNE
         OF G~HOD WH-iCH HAD OR-iG-iNATED FROM sANS-RGYAS STON-PA/ AND HE
         ~H~UGHT -iT TO H-iS D-iSC-iPLES. mASTETS OF CONGREGAT-iONS
         OF KALYANA-M-iTRAS/ AND -iMPORTANT OF~C-iALS BECAME H-iS D-iSC-iPLES.
         hE PERFORMED COUNTLESS DEEDS FOR ThE WELFARE OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS.
         hE PASSED AWAY ON ThE iGTh DAY OF ThE F-iRST MONTh OF ThC YCAR
         wOOD-fEMALE-sERPENT (S-iN-MO-SBRUL--}365 a.d.) AT ThE AGE OF 72.
            h-iS D-iSC-iPLE bRAG-PO CHE-PA RdO-R~E-DPALH HE WAS BOTN AT
         BzAN/ AND ENTERED ThE GATE OF REL-iG-iON. hE OBTA-iNED PRECEPTS
         FROM MANY KALYANA-M-iTRAS. iN PART-iCULAR/ HE OBTA-iNED ThE
         DOCTR-iNES OF ~ANS-PA AND ThE cYCLE OF SpYOD-YUL (G~OD) ~ROM
         r-iN-P~CHE GsET-GL-iN-PA. hE LABOURED EXTENS-iVELY FOR ~HE
         WELFARE OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS AND WAS CONSTANTLY ATTENDED BY
         mAHAKALA.
            h-iS D-iSC-iPLE cHOS-SG~BA ~HHOS-DPAL SES-RABH H-iS NAT-iVC
         PLACE WAS GtSAN. hAV-iNG COME TO tHAR-PA-GL-iN/ HE RECC-iVED
         ORD-iNAT-iON -iN ThE PRESENCE OF ThE MAHA-UPADHYAYA sES-RAB
         'OD-ZER-PA/ AND ThEN RECE-iVED ThE F-iNAL MONAST-iC OTD-iNAT-iON.
         hE OBTA-iNED NUMEROUS -iNSTRUCT-iONS FROM NUMEROUS TEACHERS/
         SUCH AS ThE MAHA-UPADHYAYA sHES-RAB RDO-RJE AND OThCRS. hC
                                                                          p.752
         OBTA-iNED ThE "hERM-iT" DOCTR-iNES (r-i-CHOS)/ ThE mAHAMUDRA/
         AND OThER DOCTR-iNES FROM ThE dHARMASVAM-iN 'bA'-RA-BA/ AND A
         PRABHASVARA STATE/ UNDEF-iLED BY SLEEP/ WAS PRODUCED -iN H-iM.
         hE WOTSh-iPPED ThE TWO-FACED (wAJRA)VARAHL/ AND (H-iS) OFFER-iNG
         W-iNE ACQU-iTED A PART-iCULAR TASTE AND FLAVOUR. hE ALSO REC-iTED
         ThE NUMBER OF MANTRAS PRESCR-iBED (FOR ThE PROP-iT-iAT-iONS) OF
         TUTELARY DE-iS-iES (Y-i-DAM)/ SUCH AS ThE GsED-DMAR AND OThER
         DE-iT-iES. fROM bRAG-PO CHE-BA RdO-R~E-DPAL HE OBTA-iNED ThE
         DOCTR-iNE OF ~ANS-PA (~ANS-PA-I CHOS-SKOR) AND ThE GOOD R-iTE/
         AND PRACT-iSED ThEM. lATER/ WH-iLE STAY-iNG -iN ThE MONASTERY
         OF tHEL (GdAN-SA tHEL)/ HE -iN-iT-iATED AND D-iRECTED NUMETOUS
         D-iSC-iPLES. wHEN HE CAME TO ThE V-iHARA OF ~AN-RGYAL AND WAS
         REVOLV-iNG ThE wHEEL OF lAW OF ThESE DOCTR-iNES/ ONE WHO WAS
         WELL-KNOWN AS RgOD-PHRUG RAS-PA/ WHO HAD SUBDUED ThE
         ThREE wORLDS BY ThE POWER OF H-iS W-iSDOM/ WHO USED TO
         ASSEMBLE ALL ThE wAJTA-DAK-iMS BY H-iS BLESS-iNG/ AND WHO WAS
         AN OBJECT OF WORSh-iP OF MEN AND AMANUSYAS/ OBTA-iNED (ThE
         COMPLETE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThESE DOCTR-iNES)/ AND PERSONALLY PRACT-iSED
         ThEM. hE PREACHED ThEM TO H-iS D-iSC-iPLES ALSO. iN Th-iS
         MANNET i WROTE AN ABR-iDGED ACCOUNT OF ALL FACTS ~OUND BY ME
         -iN ThE l-iFE-STOR-iES OF ThE DCSCENDANTS OF ThE l-iNEAGE OF MkHAS-
         GRUB kHYUN-PO RNAL-'BYOT. tHEY ARE KNOWN TO HAVE SPREAD
         ThROUGHOUT ThE ENT-iRE jAMBUDVLPA/ AND WHO COULD COLLECT
         ThEM? w-iTh ThESC WORDS/ i COMPLETE ThE STORY OF ThE MANNER
         -iN WH-iCH ThE NECTAR O~ kHYUN-PO RNAL-'BYOR WAS HANDED DOWN.
         tHE cHAPTER ON n-i-GU-MA.

                                     bauk x.
                                 the kala cakra.
            i ShALL (NOW) RELATE ThE STORY OF ThE OR-iG-iN OF ThE ~RL
         kALACAKRA-tANTRA (DpAL dUS KY-i 'KHOR-LO-I RGYUD) AND -iTS PRE-
         CEPTS. nOW ThE GENERAL ACCOUNT OF ThE PROPAGAT-iON OF ThE
         mAHAYANA gUHYAMANTRA (tHEG-PA CHEN-PO GsAN-SNAGS) -iN
         jAMBUDVLPAH iN ThE BEG-iNN-iNG/ -iN ThE eAST/ K-iNG pRADYOTA-
         CANDRA (rAB-GSAL ZLA-BA) AND OThERS OBTA-iNED ThE yOGA-tANTRAS/
         SUCH AS ThE sARVATAThAGATATATTVASA~GRAHA (dE-KBO NA-N-iD
         BSDUS-PA/ kG. RgYUD-'BUM/ nO.47G) AND OThERS/ AND PREACHED
         ThEM. tHEN ThE ACARYA nAGARJUNA AND H-iS D-iSC-iPLES OBTA-iNED
         ThE yOGA-tANTRA~-i/ -iNCLUD-iNG ThE gUHYASAMAJA AND OThERS (ThE
         aNUTTARA-YOGA-tANTRAS WERE ALSO CALLED mAHAYOGA-tANTRAS. OR
         RnAL-'BYOR CHEN-PO-I RGYUD)/ ANT PREACHED ThEM. tHEY
         SPREAD FROM ThE sOUTh. aFTER ThAT FROM ThE wEST sR-i kAM-
         BALA (DpAL lA-BA-PA) AND OThERS D-iSCOVERED ThE yOG-iNL-tANTRAS
         (RnAL-'BYOR MA-I RGYUD) -iN ThE COUNTTY OF oDDLYANA (o-D-i-
         YAN). tHEY ALSO SPREAD TOWARDS mADHYADESA. aFTER ThAT/
         ThERE APPEARED FROM ThE REALM OF ~AMBHALA COMMENTAR-iES
         ( ON ThE kALACAKRA-tANTRA ) COMPOSED BY bODH-iSATTVAS
         (HERE bODH-iSATTVAS MEAN ThE K-iNGS OF ~AMBHALA)/ SUCH
         AS ThE sTL kALACAKRA AND OThETS. tHEY SPREAD TOWARDS
         mADHYADESA. iN ThE w-iMALAPRABHA (w-iMALAPRABHA-NARNA-
         MULA-TANTRANUSAR-iNLDVADASASAHASR-iKALAGHUKALACAKRATANTRARAJAT.L-KA~
         G- RgYUD/ 1347;  ALSO kG. RgYUD-'BUM/ nO. 845)
         -iT -iS SA-iDH ~'hERE ThE F-iX-iNG OF CHRONOLOG-iCAL CALCULAT-iONS
         (BYED-PA LA NES-PA)H iN 600 YEARS FROM ThE T-iME OF ThE tAThA-
         GATA--ThE PER-iOD OF mANJUSN ('~AM-DPAL); -iN 800 YEARS FROM
         ThAT T-iME--ThE ERA OF ThE mLECCHAS (ThE START-iNG YEAR OF ThE
         kALACAKRA CHRONOLOGY -iS ThE F-iRST YEAR OF ThE h-iJRA/ CALCULATED
         FROM ThE YEAR 624 a. d./ -iNSTEAD OF 622 a. d.)-i BY LOWER-
         -iNG ThE ERA OF ThE mLECCHAS BY 18~ YEARS/ (ONE OBTA-iNS) ThE
                                                                          p.754
         T-iME OF r-iGS LDAN RGYAL-DKA' (kUL-iKA dURJAYA)/ DUR-iNG WH-iCH
         kUL-iKA dURJAYA -iNTRODUCED ThE '~LESSER" CHRONOLOGY (MENT-iONED
         -iN ThE kALACAKRA. kUL-iKA dURJAY~ -iS SA-iD TO HAVE -iNTRODUCED
         Th~ SYSTEM OF CALCULAT-iONS KNOWN AS BYED-PA-I TTS-iS -iN 806
         a. d.)." tH-iS DATE ShdULD BE REGARDED AS A CORRECT CALCULAT-iON
         BASED ON ThE ETA OF ThE mLECCHAS. '~tHE PAST pRABHAVA YEAR/
         CTC." MEAN ThE CYCLES OF S-iXTY YEARS OF WH-iCH ThE F-iRST WAS
         ThE pRABHAVA (rAB-BYUN) YEAR (m~YOS/ f-iRE-hARE YEAR/ 10~7
         a. d.) AND WH-iCH (ARE DES-iGNATED) AS ~pRABHAVA AND OThETS."-i
         eACH PER-iOD O✠S-iXTY YEARS/ WH-iCH PRECEDED ThE PRESENT
         YEARS (WERE CALLED) ThE ~'PAST pRABHAVA" (ThE PAST w-iBHAVA/
         PAST ~UKLA/ ETC). bAS-iNG ThEMSELVES ON ThE 3BOVE QUOTAT-iON/
         MOST OF ThE LATER SCHOLARS MA-iNTA-iNED ThAT ThE T-iME OF ThE
         APPEATANCE OF ThE kALACAKRA -iN mADHYADESA CORRESPONDED TO
         ThE BEG-iNN-iNG OF ThE F-iRST CYCLE (RA~BYUN) OF ThE ~PAST" YEARS
         ('DAS-LO). bUT -iT SEEMS TO ME ThAT ThE kALACAKRA HAD APPEARED
         -iN -i~RYADESA ~ONG BEFORE ThAT T-iME/ FOR -iN ThE sAHAJASAMVARA-
         SADHANA (tG. RgYUD/ nO. 1436) COMPOSED BY ~HE MAHAS-iDDHA
    (1A) (wAJRA)GHANTAPADA -iS FOUND ThE SECOND SLOKA OF ThE -iNTRODUC-
         TORY VCTSE OF ThE w-iMALAPRABHAH ~(hE) WAS -iMPRESSED BY ThE
         bHAGAVAO pRAJNA (w-iSVAMATA)/ WH-iCH ThOUGH FORMLESS/ YET HAS
         A FORM" (RNAM-PAR-BCAS KYAN RNAM-MED BCOM-LDAN 'DAS ~ES-
         RA~MA STE DE-Y-iS 'KHYUD). aLSO BECAUSE AFTER gHANTAPADA
         (CAME) rUS-SBAL-ZABS (kURMAPADA). hE (TRANSM-iTTED -iT) TO
         dZA-LANDHA-R-i-PA (jALANDHARAPADA); ThE LATTER TO kRSNAPADA
         (nAG-PO-PA); ThE LATTER TO bHADRAPADA (B~AN-PO-ZABS); ThE
         LATTER TO w-iJAYAPADA (RnAM-RGYAL-ZABS); ThE LATTER TO t-iLL-i-PA
         (tA-iL-iPADA); ThE LATTER TO nA-R~PA. tHUS FROM gHANTA(PADA)
         T-iLL nA-R~PA ThERE HAVE BEEN E-iGHT TEACHERS -iN ThE l-iNE. aLSO
 1. aCCORD-iNG TO SOME AUThOR-iT-iES ThE kALACAKRA-tANTRA WAS PREACHED BY ThE
    bUDDHA -iN H-iS 80Th YEAR AT ~R⌠dHANYA-KATAKA (aMARAVATL -iN ThE sATTENAPALLE
    tALUKA OF gUnMR d-iSTR-iCT! mADRAS) U~N ThE REQUEST OF sUCANDRA (zLA-BZAN).
    aCCORD-iNG TO bU-STON r-iN-PO-CHE ThE bUDDHA L~REACHED ThE kALACAKRA SYSTEM -iN
    ThE YEAR OF H-iS eNL-iGHTENMENT (SEE dUS'-KHOR ~HCS-/BYUN/ FOL. 13A/ VOLUME iw
    (NA)OF ThE '/cCLLECT-iON OF w~RKS/" OR GsUR;-'BUM~. aCCORD-iNG TO H-iM ThE STATE-
    MENT MADE BY SOME ThAT ThE SUDDHA HAD PREACHED -iT (ThE kALACAKRA) -iN ThE YEAR
    OF H-iS PASS-iNG -iNTO n-iRyANA AT ~RL dHANYA-KATAKA ShOULD L~E REJECTED "
                                                                          p.755
         BECAUSE nA-RO-PA AND kALACAKRAPADA/ FAThET AND SON/ WERE
         CONTEMPORAR-iES. fURThER/ BECAUSE -iT -iS SA-iD -iN ThE Gs-iN-R~E
         GSED-KY-i 'KHOR-LO-I GSAL-BYED (Th-iS -iS ThE yAMAR-iYANTRAVAL-i/ tG.
         RgYUD/ nO. 2022)/ COMPOSED BY ~R-i w-iRUPA/ ThAT HE HAD WR-iT-
         TEN ThE TEXT BAS-iNG H-iMSELF ON ThE kALACAKRA. aLSO BECAUSE/
         WHE~-i TELAT-iNG ThE STORY O~ tS-i-LU-PA'S (cELUKA) SEARCH FOR ThE
         kALACAKRA/ -iT WAS SA-iD ThAT ThE ACARYA HAD READ (-iT) -iN Th~
         V-iHARA OF rATNAG-iR-i (r-iN-CHEN R-i-BO) WH-iCH HAD BEEN LEFT UN-
         DAMAGED BY ThE tURUSKAS/ AND WAS OF ThE OP-iN-iON ThAT/ -iN
         GENERAL/ FOR ThE (ATTA-iNMENT) OF eNF-iGHTENMENT ThE mAHAYANA
         gUHYAMANTRA (GSAN-SR;AGS) WAS NECESSARY/ AND ThAT ThE TEXT
         HAD TO BE STUD-iED W-iTh ThE HELP OF ThE COMMENTARY BY ThE
         bODH-iSATTVAS. aCCORD-iNGLY HE PROCEEDED -iN SEARCH OF ThE
         kALACAKRA (SO ThE kALACAKRA MUST HAVE BEEN -iN EX-iSTENCE AT
         ThAT T-iME). tHUS -iT HAS TO BE ADM-iTTED ThAT ThE SYSTEM OF
         kALACAKRA SEEMS TO HAVE TEACHED aTYADESA AT AN EARLY DATE/
         AND ThAT (ThE SYSTEM) BECAME KNOWN TO MANY PEOPLE -iN ThE
         T-iME OF kALACAKRAPADA/ FAThER AND SON. tHE STATEMENT BY
         GlAN-BAN-SO-BA AND OThETS ThAT ThE F-iRST TRANSLAT-iON (OF ~HE
         kALACAKRA~ -iNTO t-iBETAN WAS ThAT OF gY-i-~O/ SEEMS TO BE
         CORRECT/ BECAUSE ThE COM-iNG OF ThE PAND-iTA sOMANAThA (zLA-BA
         MGON-LsO) TOOK PLACE -iN ThE LATER L-iFE OF gRA-PA M2~ON-SES/ WHO
         SA-iD ThAT -iN H-iS YOUTh HE HAD HEARD ThE kALACAKRA FROM (H-iS)
         UNCLE. bU(STON) AND dOL-(PA-PA) WERE ThE TWO GREAT EX-
         POUNDERS OF ThE kALACAKRA -iN ThE lAND OF sNOWS (gANS-CAN-
         GY-i KHROD/ -i. E. t-iBET). tHESE TWO L~RST OBTA-iNED -iT FROM ThE
         SP-iR-iTUAL DESCENDANTS OF rWALO-(TSA-BA)/ BUT LATER ThEY STUD-iED
         -iT ACCORD-iNG TO ThE TRAD-iT-iON O~ 'bRO LO-TSA-BA. tHUS rWA AND
    (2A) bRO HAVE BEEN ThE CH-iEF (EXPOUNDERS OF ThE ~ALACAKRA -iN
         t-iBET). iN CONNECT-iON W-iTh Th-iS/ ThE FOLLOWERS OF ThE TRAD-i-
         T-iON OF'bRO USED TO SAY ThATH kALACAKRAPADA ThE eLDEST
         (dUS ZABS CHEN-PO) OBTA-iNED -iT FROM kUL-iKA (r-iGS-;DAN). tHEN
         kALACAKRAPADA~ ThE jUN-iOR (dUS-ZABS-PA CHUN-NU~/ sOMANAThA
         (zLA-BA MGON-PO)/ SgOM-PA DkON-MCHOG-BSRUNS (ThE ASCET-iC
         rATNAGUPTA)~ SgRO-STON GnAM-LA-BRTSEGS/ '~'U-MO/ H-iS SON
         dHARMESVARA~ ThE SCHOL~R nAM-MKHA'-'OD/ sE-CHEN nAM-MKHA'
                                                                          p.756
         RGYAL-MTShAN/ ThE dHARMASVAM-iN '~AM-DBYANS GSAR MA/ kUN-
         MKHYEN (~HOS-SKU 'OD-ZER/ kUN-SPANS tHUGS-R~E BTTSON-'GRUS/
         bYAN SEMS RgYAL-BA YE-SES/ kUN-MKHYEN yON-TAN RGYA-MTShO/
         AND ThE dHARMASVAM-iN kUN-MKHYEN CHEN-PO. tHE FOLLOWERS
         OF ThE rAW-LO TRAD-iT-iON STATE AS FOLLOWSH kUL-iKA (r-iGS-LDAN)/
         tS-i-LU-PA (cELUKA)/ p-iNDOPA/ kALACAKTAPADA/ ThE eLDEST (dUS-
         ZABS CHE-BA)/ kALACAKRAPADA/ ThE jUN-iOR (CHUN-BA)/ mANJUHRT-i/
         ThE nEPALESE sAMANTASR-i/ rWA ~HHOS-RAB/ rWA yE-SES SEN-GE/
         rWA 'bUM-SEN/ ThE wENERABLE (T~E-BTSUN) RgWA-LO/ rON-PA ~ES-
         RAB SEN-GE/ AND ThE BLA-MA RdO-R~E RGYAL-MTShAN. tHE LATTCR
         TAUGHT (ThE SYSTEM) TO bU-STON r-iN-PO-CHE. fUTThER/ SkY-i-STON
         '~AM-DBYANS OBTA-iNED -iT FROM rON-PA ~ES-RAB SEN-GE/ kUN-MKH
         YEN CHEN-PC OBTA-iNED -iT FROM H-iM. bU-(STON) AND dOL-PA-PA/ ThE
         TWO/ OBTA-iNED ThE SYSTEM ACCORD-iNG TO ThE TRAD-iT-iON OF rWALO-
         TSA-BA. lATER ThEY OBTA-iNED MANY PRECEPTS ACCORD-iNG TO ThE
         TRAD-iT-iON OF 'bRO LO-TSA-BA AND OThERS. tHE ACCOUNTS ABOUT
         ThE TEACHET -iN WHOSE T-iME ThE kALACAKRA HAD BEEN OBTA-iNED
         FROM kUL-iKA (r-iGS-LDAN) -iN aRYADESA/ AND ThE (F-iRST) D-iSC-iPLES
         ON WHOM -iT WAS BESTOWED/ ARE AT VAR-iANCE. aCCORD-iNG TO ThE
         RgYUD-LA '~UG PA-I MAN-NAG R-iN-PO-CHE zA-MA-TOG KHA-'BYED-PA
         (tHE OPEN-iNG OF ThE cASKET CONTA-iN-iNG ThE PREC-iOUS PRECEPTS
         TO SERVE AS AN -iNTRODUCT-iON TO ThE tANTRA) BY GlAN-BAN-SO-BA
         ~HHOS-KY-i DBAN-PHYUG/ A D-iSC-iPLE OF tRE-PO MGON-POH bY ThE
         WORDS '~HANDED DOWN FROM ThE S-iDDHA AND H-iS FOLLOWERS" -iT -iS
         MEANT ThAT -iT HAD CONT-iNUED -iN A REGULAT SUCCESS-iON. nOW ThE
         l-iNEAGEH K-iNG pAD-MA-DKAR-PO (pUNDARLKA)/ A MAN-iFESTAT-iON
         OF ThE bODH-iSATTVA aVALOK-iTESVARA/ WHO WAS -iND-iCATED -iN ThC
         LAST SLOKA OF ThE PROPHECY (G-iVEN BY bUDDHA ABOUT ThE K-iNGS
         OF ~AMBHALA)/ TAUGHT (ThE SYSTEM) TO ThE ACATYA kALACAKRAPADA.
    (2B) tH-iS ACATYA BELONGED TO ThE KSATR-iYA CASTE OF mADHYADESA -iN
         iND-iA/ AND WAS BORN AFTER H-iS ROYAL PARENTS HAD PEEFORMED ThE
         R-iTE ENSUR-iNG ThE B-iRTh OF A NOBLE SON (KULAPUTRA). hE WAS
         LEARNED -iN ThE F-iVE BRANCHES OF KNOWLEDGE/ AND WAS KNOWN TO
         BE A MAN-iFESTAT-iON OF aRYA mANJUSRN hE WAS BLESSED BY ThE
         wENERABLE tARA/ WHOSE FACE HE SAW CLEARLY. aFTER HE HAD
         ACQU-iRED ALL ThE ~LOWER PERFECT-iONS" (E-iGHT -iN ALL)/ ThE wENE-
                                                                          p.157
         RABLE oNE ONCE TOLD H-iMH "LN ThE NOT ThE TN sHAMBHALA ThE
         TO EX-iST MANY tANTRAS AND COMMENTAR-iES TAUGHT AND PROPHES-iET
         BY ThE bUDDHA. gO -iN SEARCH OF ThEM AND L-iSTEN TO ThEM!"
         hE ThEN ThOUGHT OF GO-iNG ThERE. iN ThE OP-iN-iON OF SOME
         SCHOLARS HE HAD JO-iNED A CARAVAN OF MERCHANTS/ AND PROCEEDED
         ThERE. sOME SA-iD ThAT HE WAS GU-iDED ThERE BY A PHANTOM
         MONK. aGA-iN SOME SA-iD ThAT ThE wENERABLE tARA HERSELF
         HELPED H-iM (-i. E. PREACHED TO H-iM). aGA-iN SOME SA-iD ThAT
         WHEN HE DEC-iDED TO PROCEED TO ~AMBHALA/ AND WAS PREPAR-iNG
         (FOR ThE JOURNEY)/ HE V-iS-iTED ~AMBHALA -iN H-iS V-iS-iON/ AND
         OBTA-iNED ThE DOCTR-iNCS FTOM aRYA aVALOK-iTESVARA H-iMSELF
         (r-iG~LDAN pAD-MA DKAR-PO). tH-iS LAST STATEMENT ShOULD BE
         ACCEPTED. wHEN HE WAS RES-iD-iNG -iN mADHYADESA/ tS-i-LU-PA
         PREACHED ThE SYSTEM TO F-iVE PAND-iTASH p-iNDO ACARYA/ 'dTL~-BA
         'BYUN-GNAS BLO GTOS (w-iNAYAKARAMAT-i)~ tHAR-PA 'BYU-i1-GNAS-
         SBAS-PA (mOKSAKARAGUF~TA)/ sEN-GE RGYAL-MTShAN (s-iMHADHVAJA)/
         AND MtHA'-YAS RNAM-PAR RGYAL-BA (aNANTAJAYA). wHEN ThEY
         HAD MASTERED -iT/ HE JOURNEYED TO pUSPAHAR-i (WR-iTTEN -iN LATER
         WORKS pU-LA-HA.R-i/ A H-i~L NEAR nALANDA/ ACCORD-iNG TO (~HAG
         LO-TSA-BA)/ AND STAYED ThERE PREACH-iNG ThE SYSTEM TO nA-RO PAN-
         CHEN AND OThERS. tHOUGH ALL OF H-iS D-iSC-iPLES WERE ENDOWED
         W-iTh EXCELLENT QUAL-iT-iES/ ONE NAMED p-iNDO ACARYA ESPEC-iALLY
         D-iST-iNGU-iShED H-iMSELF. tH-iS WAS DUE TO ThE FACT ThAT -iN A
         FORMET EX-iSTENCE HE HAD BEEN A ShORTW-iTTED MONK/ AND HAD
         PERFORMED A SADHANA -iN ORDER TO -iMPROVE H-iS -iNTELLECT. aFTER
         RECE-iV-iNG A PROPHECY BY A DEVA -iN H-iS DREAM/ HE MADE OUT
    (3A) OF CORAL AN -iMAGE OF kURUKULLA AND -iNSERTED -iT -iNTO ThE MOUTh
         OF A DEAD WOMAN. hE SAT CROSS-LEGGED ON ThE CORPSE AND
         MED-iTATED FOR SEVEN DAYS. tHEN (ThE DEAD WOMAN) LOOKED
         UP AT H-iM AND UTTEREDH ~wHAT DO YOU WANT?" aT ThAT T-iME
         -iF HE WOULD HAVE SA-iD ThAT HE W-iShED TO GET BY HEART WHATEVER
         HAD BEEN SEEN BY H-iM/ HE WOULD HAVE OBTA-iNED -iT. bUT
         BE-iNG D-iSAPPO-iNTED W-iTh H-iS -iNTELL-iGENCE/ HE ASKEDH "i W-iSh
         TO BE ABLE TO COMM-iT TO MEMORY ALL ThAT WH-iCH HAS BEEN
         WR-iTTEN BY ME." aND SO -iT HAPPENED/ AND HE BECAME KNOWN
         AS PAND-iEA p-iNDO ACARYA. hE BECAME KNOWN -iN mADHYADESA
                                                                          p.758
         AS wAG-iSVARAK-iRT-i/ AND WAS ATTENDED BY TWELVE JUN-iOR PAND-iTAS.
         hE HEARD ThE dOCTR-iNE FROM ThE ACARYA kALACAKRAPADA (dUS-
         ZABS-PA)/ AND WAS ABLE TO MEMOR-iZE ThE WHOLE TEXT AFTER
         L-iSTEN-iNG TO -iT ONCE. tHE HOLDER OF H-iS sP-iR-iTUL l-iNEAGE (WAS)
         ONE NAMED DgE-BSR-iEN bYAN-CHUB (uPASAKABODH-i). h-iS SON
         WAS A VERY GREAT PAND-iTA WHO STUD-iED UNDER H-iS FAThER'S
         BROThER DgON-PA-BA (aRANYAKA). hE OBTA-iNED (ThE
         SYSTEM) TOGEThER W-iTh nA-RO-PA FROM kALACAKRAPADA/
         ThE sEN-iOR/ AND BECAME KNOWN AS kALACAKRAPADA/ ThE jUN-iOR.
         mOREOVER D-iL~ERENCES -iN ThE V-iEWS -iMPRESSED BY ThE "FAThER"
         AND "SON". tHESE "FAThER" AND "SON" HAV-iNG ONCE SA-iD
         WH-iLE RES-iD-iNG -iN mADHYADESA ThAT ~oNE WHO DOES NOT KNOW
         ThE kALACAKRA/ WOULD NOT KNOW ThE wAJRAYANA"/ CAUSED D-iS-
         PLEASURE AMONG PAND-iTAS/ WHO HAV-iNG GAThERED -iN mADHYA-
         DESA/ PREPARED SEATS AT w-iKRAMASLLA AND HELD A DEBATE. ~O-BO
         CHEN-PO (kALACAKRAPADA) COULD NOT BE DEFEATED. tHEN ALL
         ROSE FROM ThE-iR SEATS/ AND HE PLACED H-iS FOOT ON ThE-iR HEADS.
         eXCEPT dA-BODH-iSATTVA (dANASLLA)/ ALL OBTA-iNED -iNSTRUCT-iON
         -iN ThE kALACAKRA FROM H-iM. hE BECAME ALSO KNOWN AS dUS-
         'KHOR/BA (kALACAKRAPADA/ ThE jUN-iOR) AND PROPAGATED W-iDELY
         ThE SYSTEM/ aT ThAT T-iME ThERE WAS -iN ThE COUNTRY OF
         kASMLRA AN EXCELLENT BRAHMANA SCHOLAR NAMED BzAN-PO
         (bHADRA) OR sURYAKETU/ WHEN HE WAS TEACH-iNG ThE dOCTR-iNE
         TO pAND-iTA sONASAT-i/ lAKSMLKATA/ dANASRL/ cANDRARAHULA/
         sOMANAThA/ AND OThERS/ ThE pAN.D-iTA w-iNAYAKARAMAT-i ('dUL-BA
         'BYUN-GNAS BLO-GROS) SENT ThE sEKODDESA (kG. RgYUD-'BUM/
    (3B) nO 361) AND ThE sEKAPRAKR-iYA (DbAN-RAB-BYED/ k~. RgYUD/
         nO. 365)/ AND HE HAV-iNG G-iVEN ThEM TO READ TO ThE PAND-iTAS/
         ALL WERE F-iLLED W-iTh WONDER/ iN PART-iCULAR/ ThE tEACHER
         sOMANAThA OF kASMLRA WAS F-iLLED W-iTh GREAT FA-iTh/ AND HAV-iNG
         D-iSCONT-iNUED H-iS STUD-iES ThERE/ PROCEEDED -iN SEARCH OF ThAT
         SYSTEM. iN mADHYADESA HE MET dUS-'KHOR-BA AND ASKED H-i-iN
         FOR -iNSTRUCT-iON -iN ThE kALACAKRA. tHE LATTER HAV-iNG G-iVEN
         H-iM -iNSTRUCT-iON/ HE BECAME AN ACCOMPL-iShED SCHOLAR -iN ThE
         COMPLETE COMMENTARY OF ThE tANTRA/ -iN ThE tANTRA -iTSEL~/
         ThE PRECEPTS/ AND -iN ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON R-iTE. tH-iS tEACHER BE-
                                                                          p.759
         LONGED TO A bRALLLd-iN FAM-iLY AND T-iLL ThE AGE OF TEN HE STUD-i-
         ED H-iS FAThER'S DOCTR-iNE/ AND WAS ABLE TO MEMOR-iZE S-iXTEEN
         SLOKAS AFTER READ-iNG ThEM ONCE. aFTER ThAT H-iS MOThER
         -iNTRODUCED H-iM TO bUDDH-iSM. hE HAV-iNG MASTERED ThE
         SC-iENCE OF ThE kAShM-iR-i ~-i-MA RGYAL-MTShAN (~liRYAKETU) AND
         kALACAKRAPADA/ ThE jUN-iOR/ BECAME A PAND-iTA. hE/ -iNTEND-iNG
         TO SPREAD ThE SYSTEM -iN t-iBET/ PROCEEDED ThERE/ AND ASKED
         GL~OS-'BYUN-POH "aRE YOU ABLE TO TRANSLATE Th-iS BOOK?"
         tL-E LATTER REPL-iEDH "i AM UNABLE TO TRANSLATE -iT/ BUT ThERE
         -iS A WAY OUT OF -iT. i ShALL SEND A MESSAGE TO ThE SON OF ThE
         KALYANA-M-iTTA L~HE-PA OF B~AN-YUL -iN GyOR-PO WHO W-iLL BE ABLE
         TO ASS-iST YOU w-iTLL MONEY." hE SENT A MESSENGER/ AFTER
         WH-iCH HE/ FAThER AND SON/ -iNV-iTED H-iM/ tHEY REQUESTED
         L~-iM/ AND A PROPER TRANSLAT-iON (OF TL~E TEXT) WAS N1ADE BY H-iM.
         t6C GREAT ACH-iEVEMENT OF TLLESE ~FAThER' AND ~SON' WAS ThAT/
         -iN ~C-i1ERAL/ ThEY WERE ENDOWED W-iTL1 ~ PROPET REVERENCE/ AND
         ATTELLDED ON ALL TRANSLATOTS AND PAND-iT~S/ AND/ -iN PART-iCULAR/
         TLLEY POSSESSED A GREAT KNOWLEDGE O~ ThE mALLAYAAA gUHYA-
         M;LL~TRA. tLLEY ~iSED TO SPEND ALL ThE-iR WEALTh FOR TLLE SAKE
         OF L-EL-iG-iON. wL1EN TLLEY F-iRST MET ThE GREAT kASLLL-iRL TEACL1ER
         (sOL~LAL~ATLL;L)/ ThEY PRESENTED H-iM W-iTL~ ThREE GOLDEL1 SRANS/ A
         COM~LETE SET O~ GARL1LENTS/ -iNCLUD-iNG A MANTLE/ AND BEGGED
         L--i-i-- TO STAY. aFTER TL~AT TLLEY SAW H-iM O~ AS FAR AS ~HU-SUL
         AL1~ FURL1-iS~1ED L1-iM W-iTLL Th-iRRY LOADS OF W-iNE. a-~A RgYA-
    (4A) ~AR-RTSEGS ALSO ACTED AS TTANSLATOR/ ~ND FOR A WHOLE YCAR HE
         F~ TLL-iRTY N1EN AND HORSES. (?a16EN ThEY HAD F-iN-iSLLED TLLE
         TRANSLDT-iON OF TLLE TEXT)/ HE PRESENTED H-iM AS REN1UT1ERAT-iOL1
         TL~-iLTY GOLDEN SRANS/ AS WELL AS ANOThER TLL-iRTY SRANS ON VAR-iOUS
         OCCAS-iONS. iN ALL L1E PRESENTED L~ S-iXTY GOLDEN SRAL-iS/ AND
         PLEASED H-iN1. aFTER TL~AT ThE LO-TSA-BA AND ThE YAND-iTA WERE
         -iL~V-iTOD BY 'gAR-STON OF ThE ~ORTL~ERN uPLAND/ ThE KALYAN~-
         N1-iTRA gRA-PA/ AND ThE SCHOLAR RdO-R~E-RGYAN O~ SkAR-CHUN TO
         TL~E-iR RES-iDENCES. wLL-iLE TLLEY WERE RECE-iV-iNG -iNSTRUCT-iON -iN
         TLLE tANTRA -iTSEL~ AND -iTS COMMENTARY/ ThE KALYANA-M-iTRA L~HE/
         FATLLER AND SON/ ALSO L-iSTENED TO -iT. aRTER TLLAT ThE kASMLRL
         sOLLLANATL~A PROCEEDED TO iND-iA To PRESENT OT~ER-iNGS TO (H-iS)
                                                                          p.760
         tEACHER ALLD ThE wAJRAS~NA. wHCN iE L-AD O~ERED A ~REAT
         QUANT-iTY Oe ~OLD/ L~E REN~OyED H-iS DOUBTS CONCER~ G (TL1E
         kALACAKRA) ASS-iSTED BY H-iS FORN1ER BROThER -iN -iL1-iT-i~T-iON (SNA-
         MA-I N~CLLED-PO) 'dUL-DA-I 'BYUN-GL~AS BL~GROS (w-iNAYAKARA-
         MAT-i~ AND s-iML~ADHV~ (sEN GE RGYAL-N~TShAN). wHEN BE
         (sOMANATL~A) AG~-iN RETURNED TO t-iBET/ i~HE/ FATLLER AND 50LL/
         OL~TA-iNED ONCE N~ORE ThE kALACAKR~ FROM H-iN~. tHERE APPEARS
         TO HAVE EX-iSTED A LATER TRANSLAT-iON (OF ThE TEXT) BY 'bRO
         LO-TSA-B~ E/ FATL~ER AND SON/ TAUGL~T -iT TO ThE BLA-N~A
         'gO-CL~EN-PO (hEAD GUTU) OF dOL/ NAN1ED ~ N1A. tLLE
         LATTER PREACHED -iT TO TLLE GREAT SCLLOL;LR KlUBS sAN~L1AKLRT-i.
         tHE LATTER TO H-iS SON. tHE LATTER TO GlAN/ TLLE gREAT (GlAN
         CHEN-PO). aGA-iN/ ACCORD-iNG TO TL~E SECOND l-iNCAGEH wL1EN
         TLLE gRE~T kASN~LRL tEACHER (sOMANAThA) ARR-iVED -iN t-iBET FOR
         ThE SECON~L T-iME/-11E WAS PLEASED BY TL1E TEVERENCE AND SERV-iCE
         PA-iD TO H-iM BY ThE KALYANA-N1-iTRA DkON-MCHOG-BSRUN OF 'pHHLN-
         YUL AND H-iS D-iSC-iPLE/ WL~O ATTENDED ON H-iM FOR A CONS-iDERAL~LE
         T-iME. hE TBEREeORE BESTOWED ON ThELN T6E EXPL~-iLAT-iON OF ThE
         tANTRA -iTSELF/ -iTS COMN~ENTARY (w-iMALAPRABL1A)/ TOGETLLER w-iTL
         TL1E PRECEPTS/ WH-iCH HE HAD NOT G-iVEN TO OT6ER t-iBETAN
         SCHOLATS. tHEY ((~kON-MCHOG-BSRUN DPON-SLOB GN-iS) ~ESTOWED
         ThEM ON TLLE wENERABLE (R~E-BTSUN) yU-MO/ ThE gREAT. fROLN
         H-iLLL TLLE GTEAT SCHOLAR tRE-BO MgON-YO/ ThE gREAT/ ~ND ThE
         mASTCR OF ThE dOCTR-iNE sE RECE-iVED ThEM. tL~E GREAT SCHOLAR
         (MKHAS-PA-I SKYE-BO tRE-BO M~ON-PO) TAUGHT (ThE SYSTEM~ TO
         GlAN. hE TAUGHT -iT ALSO TO KlUBS ~O-SRAS. tL1E L~TTER TO GlA
         ~HOS-KY-i DBAN-PL1YUG.
         aGA-iN/ ACCORD-iNG TO ThE TLL-iRD l-iNE~GEH dUS-KY-i ~KL~OR-
    (4B) LO-B~/ TLLE lAS~/ AND sRL L~A-RO-PA (TRANSLLL-iTTED -iT) TO mANJU-
         KLRT-i AND aBHAYAKAR~. tL~ESE TWO TAUGHT TBE tANTRA AND
         COMMENTARY (w-iMALAPRABHA) TO ThC BL~-MA G~AN LO-TSA-BA AND
         RgWA LO-TSA-BA/ WHO EXPRESSED ThE DES-iRE CO STUDY ThE tANTRA
         ONLY. tHE wENERABLE 'gOS A~SO STUD-iED UNDER TBESE TWO
         TEACHERS/ AND ThUS T-iLL TLLE mASTER (N~NA'-BDAG/ sE ~L1OS-KY-i
         MT;A'-BDAG).
            aGA-iN/ ACCORD-iNG TO ThC FqUTTL~ l-iNEAGEH aBH~YL ~ND L1-iS
                                                                          p.761
         BROThER RARLGHT -iT TO ThE P;LND-iR~ sAMANT~SRL/ TLLE LO-TSA-BA AND
         PAND-iTA. tLLE LATTER TO KlUBS. fURThER/ aNUPAMARAKS-iTA/
         sADHUPUTRA/ dHARN~LKARAS;~NT-i/ AND w-iKSANTADEVA. tL~E LATTER
         TO ThE GRCAT kASMLRL PAND-iTA ~AKYASNBL1ADRA/ MATCKLESS ON TLLE
         SURFACE O~ TLLE eARTLL. hE TO GlAN/ ~FATLLER' AND ~SON'--SO -iT -iS
         SA-iD. aCCORD-iNG TO ThE dUS-KY-i 'KHOR-LO-I BSDUS-DON/ COM
         POSED BY ThE BLA-MA BsOD-NAMS ~D-ZER-B~ 'ti-US -iN ThE
         rEALM OF ~AMBHALHL CX-iSTS ThE kALACAKT;L-tANTR;L TOGETL~E~ w-iTL
         -iTS COMMENTARY AND PRECEPTS/ BUT -iN TL~E aRYADESA O~ iND-iA/
         (ThE kALACAKRA) WAS F-iRST OBTA-iNED -iN ~AMBHALA FROM A MAN-i-
         FESTAT-iON OF A bODH-iSATTVA BY AN iND-iAN NAT1LED ThE MONK
         BsOD-SNOMS-PA/ ThE gREAT (p-iND~PA). iT -iS NOT KNOWN WHAT
         bODH-iSATTVA MAN-iFESTED L1-iMSE-iF -iN L~-iM. tL~E LATTER (TAUGLLT
         -iT) TO ThE sOUThERN BRAHMAN~ dAR-iKAP;~(DA). tHE LATTER TO
         tS-i-LU-PA (cELUKA). tHE LATTER TO k.~LACAKRAPADA. tHE LATTER TO
         dUS-'KHOR-BA/ TLLE gREAT. tHE LATTER TO TWO OF H-iS D-iSC-iPLES--
         bODH-iBHADRA AND sADHUPUTRA. bODL~-iBHADRA HAD TL~REE D-iSC-i-
         PLESH ThE GUW aBHAYA/ tSA-M-i-BA/ TLE gREAT (t~A-M-i sANS-
         RGYAS GRAGS-PA)/ AND aBH-iYUKTA (aBH-i-DZU-KTA). sADHUPUTRA
         HAD TWO D-iSC-iPLESH dHARMAKARA ~ND bHH~SKAR;L. tHE ACARY~ sE
         LO-TSA-BA SA-iD ThAT HE HH-D L-iSTE-i-ED ~O TL~E EXPOS-iT-iON O~
         ThE kALACAKRA) ONCE BY ThE GURU aBHAYA/ TW-iCE BY tSA-
         M-i/ ThEN (TO ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF) ThE F-iRST PATT (OF ThE TEXT) BY
         aBH-iYUKTA/ AND ONCE BY bHASKARA. fRONL H-iM G~OS 'oD-M~
         OBTA-iNED -iT/ WHO SA-iD ThHLT HE L-;-D STUD-iED -iT FOR TLLREE
         YEARS. tHEN ThE TEACHER sE LO-TSA BA PROCEEDED TO DBuS. iN
         H-iS ABSENCE HE (GL~OS 'oD-MA) MARKED W-iTh WLL-iTE ThE PASSAGES
         -iN ThE TEXT ThAT WERE NOT U-NDERSTOOD BY H-iM. oN LL-iS (sE-LO'S)
         WAY FRON~ DBuS TO iND-iA/ G~OS 'oD-MA ASKED ~BO~LT ThESE
         PASSAGES/ AND WHEN sE-LO WAS CON1-iNG TO iND-i~ A~ -iS DOUBTS (SA)
         WERE RENTOVE~. hE ThEN OBTA-iNED TL~E EXPOS-iT-iON O~ ALL ThE
         TEXTS/ TOGEThER W-iTh ThE-iR -iN-iT-iAT-iON R-iTES AND PRECEPTS/
         AND ALL H-iS DOUBTS WERE REMOVED. Bk~A-S-iS R-iN-CHEN AND
         GL~LOS-SGAM OBTA-iNED -iT FROM 'oD-MA. tHE LATTER MED-iTATED ON
         ThE PRECEPTS AND OBTA-i-iLED ThE S-iGNS OF SP-iR-iTUAL REAL-iZAT-i~N.
         hE ALSO OBTA-iNED ThE PERM-iSS-iON (LUN~ TO PREACH ThE TCXT/ BUT
                                                                          p.762
         HE D-iD NOT KNOW -iT WELL. BkRA S-iS R-iN-CLLEN L-iSTENED TO -iT FOR
         12 YEARS/ AND KNEW -iT/ AS WELL AS 'oD-MA H-iMSELF/ AND TlLUS BE-
         CAME L-iKE A WELL-F-iLLED VASE. hE ALSO OBTA-iNED TL1E TEACH-iNGS OF
         rWA/ 'bRO/ gY-i-~O/ AND OThERS/ AND USED TO S;-iY TL~AT ~TL1ERE
         WAS NO ONE BETTER TBAN L1-iNLSELe'. tHE ACARYA dUS-'KHOR-BA OB-
         TA-iNED -iT FTOM H-iLN ON Th-iRTY-TWO OcCAS-iONS/ AND MASTERED -iT -iN
         TLLE MANL~ER OF A VASE F-iLLED TO ThE BR-iM. tHE SCHOLAR (N1KLLAS-
         GRUT) FAMOUS 6Y TL3E NAME OF bH-iKSU rATNASRL AND u-RGYAN-PA
         OBTA-iNED -iT FRON1 H-iM. 1 OBTA-iNED ThE SYSTEM FROM T6E LATTER."
         aGA-iN/ ACCORD-iNG (TO ANOThER) l-iNEAGEH ThE ACARYA kALA-
         CAKRAPADA/ TL~E sEN-iOR/ WAS ThE SON OF A YOG-iNL WHO TOOK H-iM
         W-iTL1 HER To ~AMBHALA. ~tHERE) A MONK Oe AN EXTREMELY
         BEAUT-iFUL APPEARANCE/ BLESSED L1-iNL/ AND HE DEVELOPED ThE
         AB-iL-iTY OF COMM-iTT-iNG TO MEMORY A ThOUSAND SLOKAS EVERY DAY.
         a~TER TBAT ThE BOY HEATD TLLE mULA-tANTRA (NOT -iNCLUDED -iN
         ThE cANON)/ ThE sANC~YA-tAL1TRA (BSdUS-PA-I RGYUD/ pARAMA-
         D-iBUDDHODDHRTA-~R-i-kALACAKRA-NAMA-tANTRARAJA/ kG. RgYLLD-
         'BUNL/ nO. 362) AND ThE COMMENTARY (w-iMALAPRABH;~) REC-iTED
         BY TLLE MONK WHO WAS A N1AN-i~ESTAT-iON OF aVALOK-iTESVAR3. hE
         COMM-iTTED TL-iESE TEXTS TO MEN1ORY AND ThELL PROCEEDED TO
         mADHYADESA. tL~-iS BOY ON BE-iNG ORD~-iNED/ BECAME KNOWN AS
         tS-i-LU-PA (cELUKA); L1E WAS ALSO KNOWN BY TLLE NAME O~ tSh-iM-
         BU-BA. wL1EN ThE ACARYA tS-i-L--i-PA WAS RES-iD-iNG (AT ThE
         COURT) OF CLLE K-iNG Oe kA-T~-KA (oR-iSSA)/ LLE HAD TLLREE
         D-iSC-iPLES/ WHO MADE ThE TEQUEST TL-AT TL1E tANTTA AND TLLE
         COMMENTARY R-iL-iGHT BE WR-iTTEN DOWN -iN ThE FORM OF A BOOK.
         sO HE WROTE -iT DOWN/ AND ThE BOOKS WERE ENTRUSTED TO Th~
         ThREE D-iSC-iPLES. oNE (OF TL1EM) BECAME A PAND-iTA/ ANOThER
         BECAME AN ADEPT (SADL1AKA)/ BUT TL-iE Th-iRD WAS UN~BLE TO PRO-
         GRESS BEYOND ThE STAGE OF AN ORD-iN~RY HUMAN BE-iNG. tLLEN
    (5B) ThE TROOPS OF A FORE-iGN K-iNG -iNVADED TLLE COUNTTY. tHEY
         (ThE D-iSC-iPLES) H-iD ThE tANTRA AND -iTS COMMENTAR-iES (TLLE
         w-iMALAPRABHA/ ThE RdO-S~E SN-iN-'GREL/ AND TL1E pL1YAG-RDOR
         DON-'GREL) -iN A P-iT/ AND FLED AWAY. a~TER TLLE WAR WAS OVER/
         ThEY RETURNED/ AND SEARCLLED F~R ThE (L1-iD~EN BOOKS). (tHEY
         D-iSCOVERED) ThAT ThE LAST PARAGRAPL1S OF ThE TWO LESSER ~OMMELL-
                                                                          p.763
         TAR-iCS (ThE TdO-T~E ST-I-i-i;-'GREL AND ThE pHYAG-RDOR DON-'GREL) ?-iVCRE
         M-iSS-iNG. tHE D-iSC-iPLES A~A-i-iL REQUESTED H-iO[~ TO WR-iTE DOWN
         (TL-E N1-iSS-iNG ~ORT-iONS)/ BUT HE DECL-iNED/ SAY-iNGH ~'ThE DAK-iNLS
         HAVE L~-iDDEN ThEN1/ AND TL1ERCF~RE -iT -iS -iN1PROPER TO WR-iTE ThEM
         NOW." a~TER tS-i-LU-PA PROCE~DED TOWARDS ThE eAST TO kUSUM-
         PURA (mE-TOG KHY-iM). u~AS.LKABODH-i OBTA-i-i-ED TL1E SYSTEM FRORLL
         LL-i-i-1. tH-iS D-iSC-iPLE bODH-i ~-iSED TO SAY TL1AT ~-iF LLE DOES NqT
         LLNDERSTAND ThE kALACAKRA/ TLLE dOCTR-iNE/ AND ES~EC-iALLY ThE
         g~LHYAL~LALLTRA (GsA-i-i-SN;LGS) CANNOT L~E UNDERSTOOD 6Y H-iM."
         aLL TLLE PAND-iTAS L1AV-iNG ASSCN1BLED/ S~-iDH ~ tL--iS -iS -iL1CORRECT L
         lET US DEBATE -iT !" tLLEY COND~LCTED A DEBATE AT w-iKRALLLASLLA.
         tL~E mASTER (bODL~-i) ASKED TL1ENL ABOUT TLLE CONTRAD-iCT-iONS
         -iN TL~E ~LPYER AND LOWER SECT-iONS OF ThE D-iFFERENT tANTRAS
         FROM ThE STA-i1D-PO-iNT OF TL-E kALACAKRA/ 6UT ThEY D-iD NCT D;LRE
         (TO ~EBATE ON TLLE SUBJECT). tL-EY ALL BEGGED H-iS ~OTBEARANCE/
         AND ASKED TLLE mASTER TO -iNSTRUCT TL1EN1 -iN ThE kAL.LCAKRA/ AND
         -iN TLL-iS N~ALLLLER TLLE DOCTR-iNE SPRCAD. tHE mAST~R'S NAME
         BECAME dUS-KY-i 'K60R-LO-BA. kL~AMS-PA ~U-LO OBTA-iLLED TL1E
         SYSTE-iN FROLLL H-iS D-iSC-iPLES mAR-iJUK-iRT-i AND aBHAYAKATA. G~AN-LO
         HL150 OBT~-iNED -iT. tHE BLA-MA 'gOS OBT;-i-iNED -iT FROM ThESE TWO
         tL1ERE EX-iSTS A SL-iGHT D-iSAGREEN1ELLT AS To TL~E OR-iG-iNS OF ThE
         l-iNE~GES OF rWA AND 'bRO BETWEEN TLLE ACCOUNTS G-iyEN BY b~L
         r-iR.-PO-CLLE -iN H-iS G(~ES-~A-I LDE-N1-iG (wOL. iw)-i-iA(OF TLLE GsUN-
         'BU-i~1~/ BY GlAN ~HL1OS-DBAN/ 6Y TLLE SCHOLAR BsOD-NAMS 'CTD-ZER-
         BA/ AND -iN TLLE ACCOUNT OF ThE l-iNEAGE OF G~AN LO-TSA-BA. iN
         PART-iCULLR/ ThE ONE W60 WAS CALLED p-iNDO-AC/LRYA WAS STATED BY
         SOME TO L1;-iVE BEEN TLLE tEACL~ER OF kA-iACAKRAPAD;L/ TLLE sEN-iOR/
         AL-D HLG~-i-iN BY OTL~ERS TO HAyE BEEN TL~E D-iSC-iPLE OF kALACAKTA-
         PAL~. sOLLLE MA-i-i~TA-i-i1 TLL~T L-E (p-iNDO) W~S -iDE-iLT-iCAL W-iTL1
         ~;LG-G-i DB;LN ~ YUG GRAGS-PA. tLLEY SEEN1 TO -iMPLY TL~;~T HE w~5
         G-G-i DB~ PHY~LG/ ONE OF ThE ~O~LR G;~TE-KEELERS (OF w-iKR~-
         M;LS~L;)/ BUT Th-iS DOES NOT SEENL TO L)E POSS-i61C. bECAUSE -iN
         TL-E TRE;L.-iSE y~N-LAG BDUN-LD~N (sA~TANGA/ tG. RgYUD/ nO.
         L888)/ COL11POSED BY H-iM (-i.E. BY ThE G~TE-KEEPER ~G-G-i DBAN-
         PL~Y~-i~/)/ L~E EXPRESSED M;LL-Y D-iFFERENT V-iEWS ON ThE FqURTh
         -iN-iT-i LT-iON/ B~-iT NEVER N~ELLT-iOL~D TLLE SYSTEN~ OF k/LL~CAKRA.
                                                                          p.764
         oN TLLE OTLLCR HAND -iT CAN BE SA-iD ABOUT TL1E kALAC~KRA-SADHA-
         NAGARBHALAMKARA (dUS-KY-i 'KL~OR LO-I SGRUB-TLLABS SN-iN-PO-RGY3N/
         tG. TgYUD/ nO. 1365)/ COMPOSED BY ThE ACARYA BsOD-SNOMS-
    (6A) PA ~p-iNDO) ThAT ThE VERY NAME OF TL~E S~STRA ShOWS RLLAT -iT
         DEALS W-iTh ThE kALACAKRA. eVEN -iF ONE WERE TO ACCEPT AS
         T~UE ThE STATEMENT OF ThE rWA-PAS (FOLLOWERS OF rWA) ThAT
         PR-iO~ TO kALACAKRAPADA/ ThE gREAT/ ~i~ERE HAD EX-iSTED TWO
         TEACL~RS O~ ThE kALACAKRA/ -iT ~OULD NOT 6E A CONTRAD-iCT-iON TO
         SAY ThAT kALACAKRAPADA HAD RECE-iVED A BLESS-iNG FR~M kUL-iK;~
         H-iMSELF/ WHO TAUGHT H-iM ThE tANTRA. bECAUSE/ AS STATED BY
         MA-DPAL/ wAJRADHAR~ H-iMSELF/ ASSUM-iNG TLLE FORM OF aVA-
         DL-UT-i-PA/ HAD BESTOWED ThE PRECEPTS OF ThE s~DANGA-YOGA (YAN-
         LAG DRUG~ ON ThE ACARYA aNUPAMARAKS-iT;L (DpE-MED-'TShO)/ AND
         BECAUSE OThERS ALSO MA-iNT~-iNED ThAT t-iLL-i-F~A/ A D-iSC-iYLE OF
         w-iJAYAPADA (RnAM RGYAL-ZABS~/ WHO WAS ThE LAST OF A NUMER-
         OUS l-iNEAGE OF TEACHERS OF ThE cAKRASAMVATA cYCLE/ WAS A
         D-iTECT D-iSC-iPLE OF wAJRADL1ARA. tHE ACARYA aNUPAM~RAKS-iTA
         COULD NOT BE LATER ThAN ThE ACARYA nA-RO-PA/ S-iNCE nA-~O-PA -iN
         LL-iS sEKODDESA-T-iKA (tG. RgYUD/ nO. 1 35 1 ) QUOTED H-iS TEACH-iNG.
         iN GENCRAL/ EVEN SOME OF TLLE ACCOUT-TS BY iND-iAN TEACHERS/ CAN BE
         UNREL-i~BLE/ FOT -iNSTANCE -iN ThE COL1LMENTARY ON ~UNY~SR;'S s -iDAN.
         GA-YOGA (gUNAPURM-NAMA-s~DANGAYOGA T-iPPANL/ tG. RgYUD/
         nO. L 388) TRANSLATED BY DpAH (DlO-GROS BRTAN-PA)/ sURYAST; (~-i-
         MA-DPAL) -iS STATED TO HAVE BEEN A D-iSC-iPLE OF ~HOS-'BYUN Z-i-BA
         (dHARMAKARASANT-i)/ BUT/ ACCORD-iNG TO A ST~TE-iNENT O~ TL-E pRE-
         C-iOUS MAHA-PAND-iT~ (~AKYASRLBHADRA)/ sURYASR; (~-i-MA DPAL)
         HAD BEEN ThE TEACHER OF dHARMAKAR~SALLT-i (cHOS-'BYL-iL-i Z-i-BA.
         tHE cOMMENTARY ON ThE sADANGA-YOGA/ TL-OUGH STATED TO HAVC
         BEEN TLLE WORK OF sURYASRL/ SEEMS TO L~AVE CONRA-iNED/ 35 -iND-i-
         C~TED BY TLLE T-iTLE/ NOTES WR-iTTEN DOWN BY ONE OF H-iS D-iSC-iPLES.
         iN TWO iND-iAN BOOKS/ CONSULTED BY ME/ ThE VERY SAME STAT~-
         MENT -iS MADE. tHE STATEMENT TL1AT TL1E CONCLUD-iNG PARA-
         GRAPLLS O~ ThE hEV~JRA-tANTRA (BRtAG-GN-iS) AND OF TLLE sAMV~RA-
         RLK;~ HAD BEEN H-iDDEN AWAY BY DAK-iMS/ -iS UNREL-iABLE/ BECAUSE
         -iT ;s CERTA-iN TL~AT TL~E S-iZES OF ThESE BOOKS TRANSLATED -iNTO
         t-iBETAN WERE ThE S~ME AS ThOSE OF ThE OR-iG-iNAL BOOKS COMPOSED
                                                                          p.765
         BY ThE ~ODH-iSATTVA/ FOR -iN ThE w;-iJRAG;LRBLLAT.-iKA (RdO-R~E SR~
         'GREL/ hEVAJRAP-iNDARTL1A-TLL;A/ tG. R(~YUD/ nO. 1180) ThE ABOVE
         CON~MELLTARY OLL ThE sAMVARA-tA~1TRA -iS DESCR-iBED AS A CO~ N-
         TARY ON TL-E TWELVE AND HALF SLOKAS (OF TLLE mULA-tA~1TRA)/ AND
         ThE ENT-iRE CVMN1EL1TARY ON ThESE SLOKAS -iS EXTANT -iN t-iBETAL1/
         AND BECAUSE -iN TLLE sAN.1VARA COML1LEL~TARY (t~. RgYUD/ nO.
         1402) -iTSELF -iT -iS STATED TLLAT ThE mULA-tALLTRA AND ThE ~TOP-iCS
         OF TLLE s-iX eXTREM-iT-iES" (S-iX WLYS OF EXPLA-iN-iNG TLLE tANTRA)/
         AS EXPOUNDED -iN ThE T-iPPAR!L/ CON1POSED BY ThE bODLL-iSATTVA/
         ShOULD BE STUD-iED BY ONE PROCEED-iNG TO A COUNTRY/ S-iTUATED
         sOUTh AND nORTh (S-iNCE T6EY L1AVE BEEN LOST -iN mADLLYADESA)/
    (6B) AND FURThER/ BECAUSE -iN ThE wAJRA GARBHA TâŒKA -iT -iS STATED; "BY
         Th-iS ThE LAST CHAPTERS/ SUCH AS ThE CHAPTER ON CONDUCT (CARYA)/
         ARE MEANT" (tH-iS MEANS ThAT ThE AUThOR H-iMSELF HAD OM-iTTED
         ThE LAST CHAPTERS/ AND NOT ThAT ThEY HAD BEEN H-iDDEN BY
         DAK-iNâŒS. tHOUGH ThERE EX-iST VAR-iOUS ACCOUNTS WH-iCH AGREE
         AND D-iSAGREE/ ThEY ALL AGREE (-iN STAT-iNG) ThAT aBHAYA/ WHO
         BELONGED TO ThE L-iTLE OF G-i~AN AND sE LO-TSA-BA/ mAR~ HRT-i/
         wLLO BELOLLGED TO ThE L-iLLE OF rWA-LO/ AND sOLL~ANAThA/ WBO
         BELONGED TO ThE L-iNE OF 'bRO-PA/ HAVE BEEN D-iRECT D-iSC-iPLES OF
         kALACAKRAP~DA/ TLLE LUN-iOR. tLLEY ALSO AGREE -iN ThAT kALAC~-
         KRAPADA/ ThE jUN-iOT/ WAS A D-iRECT D-iSC-iPLE OF kALAC-iLKRAPADA/
         ThE sEL~-iOR/ AND T6EREFORE ONE -iS NOT TO BE RROUBLED BY -iT. iT
         -iS SON1EWL~AT D-iFF-iCULT TO ACCEPT TLLE S~T~ ENT T6AT ThE F-iRST
         (F-iRST YEAR OF ThE F-iRST CYCLE OF S-iXTY YEARS/ -i. E. 1027 a. d.)
         0~ TLLE ~PAST" YE;LTS ('D~S-LO) OF T6E PER-iOD OF 403 YEARS (mE-
         KHA RGYA-N1TS60) CORRESPONDS TO T6E YEAR OF ThE -iNTRODUCT-iON OF
         TLLE k~LACAKRA -iN mADHYADESA/ FOR aBHAYA 6AD COMPOSED ThE
         -iNTRODUCT-iON TO TLLE kALACAKRA" (kALACAKRAVATAR~/ tG. RgYUD/
         nO. 1383) WL--iCL1 SAYS TL1AT ABOUT 60 YEARS MusT 6AVE EL~PSED
         S-iLLCE ThE H~PL~EARALLCE OF TL~E kAL~C-iLKR~-i (WHEN HE w;L5 cON~Pos-iL1G
         TLLE BOOK). iN ThE ACCOULLT OF (~ G LO-TSA-6A -iT -iS STATED ThAT
         r~TNARAKS-iTA ~ D S~-iD TLLAT NOT S-iXTY YEARS HAD PASSED/ BUT
         45 YEARS. 1~ WE WERE TO SYNCL-ROLL-iZE TL~-iS DATE W-iTL-i ThE DATES
         G-iVEN BY t-iBET;~N TEACHERS/ (WE WOULD SEE~ ThAT -iT CORRESPONDS
         TO TLLE S-iXTEE~LTLL YE;LR OF m;LR-P~ D gR~-PA N1~OL1-SES/ ALL~L
         
                                                                          p.766
         ThAT AT ThAT T-iME ThE kALACAKRA HAD ALRCADY APPEARED -iN t-i6ET.
         iT SEEMS TO iNE ThAT ~RL bH~DRABODLL-i/ ThE ~AThER OF kALACAKRA-
         PAjA/ ThE jUN-iOT/ W~S ThE PERSON WHO HAD TRAL-SLATED ThE kALA-
         CAKRA W-iTh gY-i-~O. iT -iS ALSO STATED ThAT ONE nALANDA-PA/ A
         D-iSC-iPLE Oe kALACAKRAPADA/ ThE jUN-iOR (dUS-ZABS-PA CLLUN-BA~/
         HAD ON ONE OCCAS-iON V-iS-iTED t-iBCT/ ETC. tHE kAS~ RL sOMA-
         i~AThA WAS ABLE TO COLLLM-iT TO MEMORY 16 SLOKAS AFTER READ-iNG
         ThEM ONCE/ AND WAS ENDOWED w-iTLL A PURE YERFECT-iON OF CON-
         TROLL-iNG ThE ACYUTA-BODH-iC-iTT-i (BYAN-SCMS 'DZAG-MED). bES-iD~S
         ThE kALACAKRA/ HE PREACHED -iN t-iBET TBE SECRET MEALL-iNG Oe TL~C
         SgRON-GSAL (pRADLPODYATALLA~ AS WELL AS TAUGLLT ThE RtSA-L)A
         !SCS-RAB (pRAJNA NATNA-MULALLLADHYAMAK.LKAR-iKA/ tG. DBu-MA/
         nO. 3824~. i HAD SEEN ThE TEXT WH-iCH WAS TRANSM-iRTED -iLL
         H-iS l-iNEAGE. hAV-iNG MASTERED ThE t-iBETAN LANGUAGE/ HE
         MADE AN EXCELLENT TRANSLAT-iON OF ThE dON-D;-iM BSR-iEN-YA (sRL
         pARAMARThASEV;L/ tG. RgYUD/ nO 1 348). lATER HE JOURNEYED TO
         M~A'-R-iS/ AND -iT WAS SA-iD ThAT HE HAD ALSO TRANSLATED TBE gREAT
         cOMMENTARY ON TLLE kALACAKRA (w-iMAL;LPRABLLA/ tG. RgYUD/
         nO. ~347). L~E/ FAThER AND 5011/ OBT~-iNED ThE kALACAKRA
         FROM sOMALLAThA. fROM ThEM 'gRO ~-i-M;L OBTA-iNED ThE SYSTEM.
    (7A) aGA-iN -iT -iS KLLOWN ThAT ThEY (L~E/ FATLLER AND SON) HAD ALSO
         OBTA-iNED -iT FROM G~AN LO-TSA-BA AND OThER TEACHERS yU-MO WAS
         ALSO A D-iSC-iL)LE O~ H-iS/ BUT ThE STREAM OF H-iS TEACH-iNG (OF ThE
         kALACAKTA) SEEMS TO HAVE BECN -iNT~RRUPTED. SgOM-PA DkON-
         McLLoG-BsRuL-iS HHLw-iLLG D-iSPOSED Oe L~-iS ELLT-iRE PROPERTY/ REAL-iZED
         S-iX GOLDEN SRA-i;S FOR -iT/ AND L-iAw-iLLG T-iED A S-iLK SCARF TO H-iS NECK
         PLACED -iT -iN ThE HAND Ol ThE Y~ND-iTA/ AND ThUS OFFERED L -iM
         LL-iS OWN BODY/ SPECCH AND M-iLLD (-iLL t-iL~ET A HORSE WL--iCH -iS
         PRESENTED 1~3S ALWAYS A SCAR~ T ED TO -iTS NECK). tLLE tE~CHER
         BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE COLLLMENT~LRY ON ThE
         tANTRA (-i. E. ThE w-iMALAPRABLL;-i) TOGEThER W-iTh -iTS COMPLETE
         YRECEPTS. hAV-iNG HEARD -iT (REC-iTCD) HL ThE TRANSLAT-iON O~ 'bRO/
         HE HAD TO ACCEPT 'bRO AS H-iS tEACHER. tH~LS WHEN ENL-iMERAT-iNG
         ThE l-iNEAGE/ HE USED TO SAY sOM~NA~H;L/ 'bRO LO-TSA-BA/ AND
         SgOM-PA DkON-MCHOG-BSRUNS.
            SgRO-STON GnALLL LA-BRTS~GS WAS ;L SCHOL;LR WHO -iL~ H-iS CARLY
                                                                          p.767
         L-iFE HAD STUD-iED ThE p-iTAKAS/ HMj WLLEN L~E GREW OLDER CAME TO
         sOMANAThA/ WHO SA-iD TO LL-iM ~ YOU TAKE MY BELONG-iNGS
         TO mAN-YUL (lADAK)/ ON -iNY RETURN TO t-iBET i SLLALL BESTOW
         ON YOU ThE SYSTEM". sOME OF H-iS OThER FR-iENDS TOLD H-iMH
         ~ONE CANNOT BUY ThE SYSTEM FROM ThE PAND-iTA/ YOU HAD
         BETTER ASK OUR SgOM-P~ FOR -iT". /fOLLOW-iNG TLL-iS ADV-iCE/ HE
         REQUESTED SgOM-PA DkON-MCHOG-BSRUR.S (rATNAGUPTA) TO BESTOW
         ON H-iM ThE COMN~ENTARY ON ThE tANTRA TOGEThER W-iTh ThE
         PRECEPTS. tHE tEACHER BESTOWED ThE COMPLETE SYSTEM ON
         HLM/ AND HE PRACT-iSED -iT/ AND ACH-iEVED EXCELLENT RESULTS.
         lATER/ WHEN ThE PAND-iTA (sOMANAlHA) CAME AGA-iN TO t-iBET/
         HE WENT TO MEET T6E PAND-iTA/ WHO SA-iD TO H-iMH ~1 ShALL NOW
         G-iVE YOU TLLE SYSTEM". SnAM-LA-BRTSEGS REPL-iEDH ~wHEN i
         WAS YOUNG/ YOU D-iD NOT W-iSh TO BESTOW -iT ON ME. bUT NOW/
         WHEN i AM OLD/ i ShALL NOT ASK FOR -iT". tHE PAND-iTA SA-iDH
         ~-YOU ARE SAT-iSF-iED W-iTh ThE PRECEPTS OF DkON-MCHOG-BSRUNS.
         iF NOT FROM ME/ FROM WHOM ELSE D-iD ThEY OR-iG-iNATE?" AND
         SAY-iNG SO/ HE ThRAShED H-iM. SnAM-LA-BRTSEGS REPL-iEDH ~yES/
         YES/ -iC -iS DUE To ThE GRACE OF ThE GREAT tEACHER!" tHEN ThE
         AND-iTA ASKED H-iMH ~wHAT D-iD LLE G-iVE YOU?" hE REPL-iEDH
         tH-iS AND ThAT". tHE PAND-iTA SA-iD ~ DO NOT POSSESS MORE
         ThAN Th-iS! nOW TAKE A-iL OATh TL~AT YOU W-iLL NOT PREACH -iT TO
         OThERS"/ SAY-iNG SO/ ThE PAND-iTA PLACED L~-iS ROSARY ON H-iS NECK.
         GnA~ LA BRTSEGS REPL-iEDH ~-tH-iS WAS NOT PREACHED BY YOU/
         tEACHER! (WHY ThEN ShOULD i TAKE AN OATh?)"--~0 ~-iCKED
         ONE!" EXCLA-iLLLED ThE PAND-iTA/ AND TL~REW A H;-NDFUL OF SAND AT
         H-iS LLE;LD. alTET ThAT ThE PAND-iTA SA-iDH ~wELL/ NOW YO~
         M~-iY PREACH -iT TO OThERS/ B~LT YO~L ShOULD PREACL~ ThE CO-iN~LETE
    (7B) TEXT/ FROM END TO END (MGO-LUS)". iN Th-iS MANNER HE OBTA-iNED
         ThE PERLLL-isS-iON. iN ThE SAME MANNER/ WHEN yU-MO MADE A
         S-iM-iLAR REQUEST TO ThE PAND-iTA/ ThE LATTER SA-iD/ PO-iNT-iNG AT H-iS
         LUGGAGE ~gRRY Th-iS TO nEP;~L ! i SLL;LLL G-iVE -iT L -iTER". aFTER
         ASK-iNG ThE ADV-iCE OF H-iS FR-iENDS/ HE ASKED SgR~STON FOR -iT.
         tHT LATTER BESTOWED ON H-iN~ ThE COM-iNENTARY ON ThE tANTTA
         (V-iLNALAPR;LBH;~) TOGETLLCR W-iTL- ThE PRECEPTS/ AS WELL AS ThE
         pRADLPO(LYOTA-iLA (SgRON-GSAL) W-iTL~ -iTS PRECEPTS. aFTER ThAT LLE
                                                                          p.768
         WENT TO 'u-YUG/ AND PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON/ AND OBTA-iNED
         REAL-iZAT-iON (S-iDDH-i). hE HAD E~CCELLENT D-iSC-iPLES/ AND PASSED AWAY
         AT ThE AGE OF 82. h-iS D-iSC-iPLES KNOWN AS wA-BRAG DKAR-BA AND
         ONE KNOWN AS GL~AL-PA gRO SPENT A CONS-iDERABLE T-iME -iMMURED
         ('DAG-'BYAR) PRACT-iS-iNG ThE BkA'-GDAMS DOCTR-iNE. lATER ThEY
         CAME TO yU-MO AND PTACT-iSED ThE PRECEPTS/ AND ON ThE VERY
         F-iTST DAY ThEY OBTA-iNED ALL ThE (TEN) S-iGNS (OF MED-iTAT-iON).
         tHEY REAL-iZED TLLAT ThE kALACAKRA WAS ThE BEST PATh AND
         MED-iTATED (ACCORD-iNG TO ThE SYSTEM). tHEY WERE ENDOWED
         W-iTh A GREAT FACUL~Y OF PRESC-iENCE.
            G~OS SgY-i-KHUN-PAH WLLEN HE HAD REACHED ThE AGE OF 70/
         LLE ~NET BlA-MA CHEN-PA (yu-mo). hE PREACHED TO ~OR-R~E.
         tHE LATTET TAUGHT (ThE kALACAKRA) TO LH~OL-PA 'gAS-STON DbAN-
         PHYUG-GRUB. tHE S-iDDHA dHARMABO~H-i HAS BEEN A D-iSC-iPLE
         OF yU-MO tRE-PO MgON-PO HAV-iNG OBTA-iNED ALL ThE PRECEPTS
         AND ThE BAS-iC TEXT/ TAUGHT ThEM EXTENS-i~(ELY. h-iS l-iNEAGE
         HAD MANY BRANCHES. tBE SCHOLAT dHARMESVARA WAS ThE SON
         O~ ThE gREAT tEACHER (yU-MO)/ AND WAS BOTN -iN ThE LATTET'S
         S6Th YEAR. hE TAUGHT ThE sEKODDESA (kG. TgYUD/ nO. 36i)
         WHEN HE WAS TWELVE. aT ThE AGE OF 16/ HE TAUGHT ThE gREAT
         cOMMENTALRY ON ThE tANTRA (RgYUD-'GREL CHEN-MO/ w-iMALAPRA
         BHA/ tG. RgYUD/ nO. 1347). hE DEBATED (ON ThE dOCTR-iNE)
         W-iTh NUMEROUS SCHOLARS/ SUCH AS TgYA-GL-iN-PA AND OThETS/ AND
         DEFEATED ThEM. h-iS D-iSC-iPLE kHAN-GSAR-PA nAM-MKHA'-'OD
         WAS LEARNED -iN ThE p-iTAKAS/ SUCH AS ThE r-iGS-TShOGS-DRUG (ThE
         S-iX tREAT-iSES BY aRYA n-iAGARJUNA)/ AND OThER TEXTS. hE
         TAUGHT ThE ~gREAT cOMMENTATY ON Th~ tANTRA" (ThE w-iMALA.
         PRABHA) AND WAS ENDOWED W-iTh AN EXCELLENT MYST-iC TRANCE.
         dHARMESVARA'S DAUGHTER ~O-'BUMH -iN HET CH-iLDHOOD ShE
         WAS -iNhUENCED BY HER MOThER/ PRACT-iSED MAG-iC/ AND CAUSED
         ThE DEATh O~ M~NY ENEM-iES. a~TER ThAT ShE PTACT-iSED MED-iTA-
         T-iON (ACCORD-iNG TO ThE METhOD) OF ThE sADANGA-YOGA (yAN-LAG
    (8A) DRUG-G-i RNAL-'BYOR) AND -iN Th-iS ACTUAL L-i~E ShE BECAME AN ARYA/
         EQUAL TO A NATURAL YOG-iN-i (ARYA OR 'PH~GS-PA ARE CALLED ThOSE
         WHO HAD ATTA-iNED ThE STAGE O~ DARSANL-MARGA~.
            hER BROThER sE-MO-CHE-BA nAM-MKHA' RGYAL-MTShANaH -iN
                                                                          p.769
         H-iS CH-iLDHOOD HE SUFFERED FROLN A DEF-iC-iENT HEAR-iNG AND SPEECH/
         AND ThEEEFORE TLLERE WAS NOT N~UCH HOPE (FOR H-iM). lATER
         HE ATTENDED ON kHAN-GSAR-PA ~'AM-MKHA'-'OD AND TNASTERED
         ThE cOMMENTARY OR~ ThE t;LNTRA (w-iMALAPRABHA). hE PTAC-
         T-iSED ThE sADANGA AND ThE ~s-iX DOCTR-iNES" OF nA-RO/ AND
         OBTA-iNED A PERFECT MYST-iC ~RANCE. hE WAS ABLE TO RECOLLECT
         CLEARLY (H-iS) NUMBERLESS FORMER Ex-isTELLcES. bECAUSE HE RES-i-
         DED AT sE-MO-CHE/ LLE BECAME KNOWN AS ThE S-iDDHA sE-MO-
         CHE-BA.
            h-iS D-iSC-iPLE '~AM-SAR ~ES-RA~ 'OD-ZERH H-iS NAT-iVE PLACE WAS
         uPPER mYAN. hE ;iTTENDED ON GL~AL-Z-iG AND OThE~S/ AND
         6ECATNE VERY LEARNED -iN NUMEROUS p-iTAKAS. fOR MANY YEARS
         H~ PUR-iF-iED H-iS BODY PERFORN~-iNG AUSTER-iT-iES. fOR A CONS-iDER-
         ~BLE T-iME HE PROP-iT-iATED wAJRAPAN-i AND FELT CONF-iDENT/ Th-iNK-
         -iLLG ~NONE AMONG GODS AND DEMONS ARE ABLE TO TRANSGRESS MY
         CO!NMAND." wHEN HE WAS GO-iNG TO PREACH AT ikYAN-'DUR/
         ~ND WAS F~RD-iNG ThE GtSAN-PO R-iVER/ ON ThE ROAD LEAD-iNG
         TOW~RDS ThE RCS-iDENCE OF sE--iNO-CHE-BA/ AT ThE HERM-iTAGE OF
         gRON CHUN/ SOME ASURAS CAUSED A SBOWER OF STONES TO FALL/ BUT
         HE BURST -iNTO A SONG SAY-iNG ThAT HE HAV-iNG BECOME -iND-iFeER-
         ENT TOW~RDS ThE E-iGHT MUNDANE DHARMAS/ D-iD NOT KNOW FEAR.
         aT ThE FEET OF sE-MO-CHE-BA HE MASTERED ThE cOALMENTARY ON
         ThE tANTRA (w-iMALAPRABHA) TOGEThER W-iTh -iTS BRANCHES/ AND
         TL-E -iN-iT-iAT-iON R-iTE (OF ThE kALACAKRA). hE PRACT-iSED MED-iTA-
         T-iON OF TLLE SAMPDN-iLAKRAMA DEGREE AND W-iTh-iN ONE DAY OBTA-iNED
         ThE (TEN~ S-iGNS ~OF MED-iTAT-iON)/ AND ThUS BECAN~E A m;LSTER OF
         yO~A (YOGESVARA/ RN21-'BYOR-GY-i DBAN-PHYUG). hE HAD GREAT
         FA-iTh -iN PRECEPTS/ AND USED TO SAY ~'LF ThESE PRECEPTS WOULD
         HAVE BEEN ACCOMPAN-iED BY D-iL-iGENCE TOWARDS MED-iTAT-iON
         POSSESSED BY Th~ GREAT ASCET-iCS OF ThE dWAGS-PO BkA'-BRGYUD
         SE~T~ ThEN Th-iS COUNTRY (t-iBET) WOULD HAVE BEEN F-iLLED W-iTh
         SLD(LHAS.~ lATER HE HAD ~ V-iS-iON OF ThE FACE OF mUNLNDRA
         AND H-iS RET-iNUE/ AND OFFERED ThE sAPTA-ANGA (1. pHYAG-'TSh~
         BA/ SALUTAT-iON; 2. MCHOD-PA/ OFFET-iNG; 3. BSAGS-PA/ CONFESS-iON;
         4. R~ES-SU Y-i-RAN-BA/ EXTOLL-iNG V-iRTUE; 5. BSKUL-BA/ REQUEST TO
         bUDDHA TO SET -iN MOT-iON TNE wHEEL OF lAW; 6. GSOL.BA 'DEBS-
                                                                          p.770
         PA/ REQUEST TO ThE bUDDHA TO L-iVE LONG-i 7. PSNO-PA/ ThE OFFER-
         -iNG OF ONE'S OWN MER-iTOR-iOUS ~C~S FOR ThE WELFARE OF OThERS).
         tHE R-iTE WAS F-iRST DESCR-iBED -iN ThE aRYABHADRACARYAPRAN-iDHANA-
         RAJA (kG. GzUN~'DUS/ nO. iOGS). ~hAV-idG REMOVED ALL
         H-iS DOUBTS -iN REGARD TO ThE cAUSE/ pATh AND eFFECT OF eNL-iGHT-
         ENMCNT BEFORE ThE bUDDHA/ i D-iD dOT REQUEST H-iM TO EXPOUND
         ThE dOCTR-iNE"/ SA-iD HE. wHEN PTEACH-iNG ThE p-iTAKAS/ HE
         USCD TO TEACH -iT AB-iD-iNG -iN A STATE OF PERPETUAL TRANCE (SAMA-
         H-iRA/ MR~LAM-PAT BZAG-BZ-iN). iN H-iS DREAMS HE V-iS-i~ED NUME-
         ROUS PARAD-iSES/ SUCH AS sUKHAVATL AND OThERS. hE ESTABL-iShED
    (8B) MED-iTAT-iVE SCHOOLS -iN HERLd-iTAGES AdD MA-iNTA-iN~D ThELLL W-iTh
         ThE HELP OF H-iS PRECEPTS. hE ThUS OBTA-iNED ThE POWER OF
         PREACH-iNG AND MED-iTAT-iNG. h-iS D-iSC-iPLE ThE BLA-~NA ~HOS-SKU
         'OD-ZERH HE WAS A NATURAL SON OF GsER-SD-iNS-PA G~ON-NU-'OD
         AND WAS BORN -iA ThE YEAR wOOD-mALE-dOG (S-iN-PHO-KY-i--
         1214 a.d.)/ WH-iCH FOLLOWS ON ThE YEAR wATER-fEMALE-hEN
         (CHU-MO-BYA--1213 a.d.)/ DUR-iNG WH-iCH ThE kHA-CHE PAN-
         CHEN TETURNED TO kASMLRA. ~HHOS-SKU 'OD-ZER'S STORY (RNA-iN-
         ThAR)WAS BR-iEL~Y TOLD -iN ThE cHAPTER ON ThE SCHOOL OF ThE
         gUHYASAMAJA-tANTRA (sEE bOOK wLLL (NA)/ FOL. iOA AND B.)
         (hERE i ShALL RELL~ -iN DETA-iL ABOUT H-iS MEET-iNG W-iTh ThE
         dHARMASVAM-iN '~AM-GSAR. hE WAS TOKL BY GsER-SD-iNS-PA CO
         GO ThERE/ BECAUSE HE HAD A KAR-iN-iC COM~ECT-iON (LAS-'BREL) W-iTh
         ~|AM-GSAR-BA. sO HE V-iS-iTED H-iM/ AND WH-iLE HE WAS L-iSTE-iL-iN~
         ~O ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON R-iTE OF yAMAN~AKA/ HE WAS ThE tEACHER AS
         yAMANTAKA. hE ALSO L-iSTEN~D TO ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ALL Th~ SCR-iP-
         TURCS/ PH-iLOSOPHY AND PRECEPTS. wHEN HE WAS L-iSTEN-iNG TO ThE
         -iO-iT-iAT-iON R-iTE OF ThE k~LACAKRA/ HE S~W ThE tEACHER AS RdO-RJE-
         SU~S/ AND REPORTED ThE MATTET TO ThE tEACHER/ WHO REPL-iEDH
         ~1 ALSO F~EL PROUD (WHEN PRACT-iS-iNG N~ED-i~;LT-iON OF ThE UTPANNA-
         KTAMA DEGR~E/ ThE ADEPT DEVELOPS -iN H-iMSELF ThE SENSAT-iON
         OF PR-iDE LAHAMKARA( O~ BE-iNG ThE DE-iTY ON WH-iCH HE WAS
         MED-iTAT-iNG~/ Th-iNK-iNG '~l4.M 1 -i-OT RdO-R~E-SUGS? wE/ tEACHER
         AND D-iSC-iPLE/ SLLOULD NOT BE HAND-iCAPPED BY H-iNDRANCES"
         wHEN HE ENTCRED ThE MAR-iDALA (DUR-iNG H-iS -iN-iT-iAT-iON)/ HE SAW
         A CLEAR V-iS-iON OF ThE JR-iANA-MANDALA ((OF ThE kALACAKRA)JNANA-
                                                                          p.771
         MANDALA/ OR YE-SE DKY-iL-'KHOR/ ThE TRUE MANDALA OF A DE-iTY-i
         SA-iNAYA-MANDALA/ OR DAM-TSh-iG ~KY-iL-'KHOR/ ThE MANDALA
         CREATED BY ThE ADEPT -iN H-iS m-iND). aT ThE T-iME OF
         OBTA-iN-iNG ThE FOUTTh (-iN-iT-iAT-iON)/ AS SOON AS ThE tEACHER
         HAD SA-iDH ~nOW YOU ShOULD ASSUN E A POSTURE LLKE ME/
         AND KEEP YOUT m-iND FREE FROM ThOUGHTS (M-i-TTOG-PA)"/
         ThE FLUCTUAT-iONS ('GYU-BA) OF H-iS m-iND/ B-iG OT S-iNALL/
         CAME TO AN END/ AND HE WAS ABLE TO TTANSeOTM ThEM
         -iNTO ThE MYST-iC TTANCE OF ThE gTEAT bL-iSS (BDE-STON CHEN-
         L~ã¸)- lATET WH-iLE PRACT-iS-iNG MED-iTAT-iONS -iN H-iS MED-iTAT-iVE
         CELL (SGOM-KHAR;)/ HE SUDDENLY ACH-iEVED SUCCESS/ AND ThE
         dHARMASVATN-iN TOLD H-iM ThAT ~HE HAD REACHED ThE F-iNAL
         STAGE OF ~CLEARNESS' (GSAL-BA/ ThE TWO QUAL-iT-iES OF MED-i-
         TAT-iON ARE 1. GSAL-BA OR CLEARNESS/ AND 2 BRTAN-PA (STh-iRA) OR
         STEAD-iNESS)." hE TAUGHT A~ Th-iS MONAST-iC COLLEGE ThE
         dOCTR-iNE/ SUCH AS ThE pRAMAR AV-iN-iSCAYA AND OThER SUBJCCTS.
         tLLE dHATMASVAM-iN PRA-iSED H-iM H-iGHLY. wHEN HE CAME TO
         ~E-MO-CHE-BA TO GET FROTN H-iM AN iNTRODUCT-iON TO ThE dOCTR-iNE
         (CHOS 'BREL)/ ThE LATTER SA-iDH ~yOU TWO ('~AM-GSAR-BA AND cHOS-
         SKU 'OD-ZER) ThTOUGH MANY EX-iSTENCES HAVE BEEN tEACHET AND
         D-iSC-iYLE". fROM H-iM ~HHHOS-SKU 'OD-ZER HEARD TBE COMPLETE
         cOMMENTARY ON ThE tANTRA (w-iiNALAPRABHA) W-iTh -iTS BTANCHES.
         hE BENEF-iTTED OThERS BY BESTOW-iNG -iN-iT-iAT-iONS/ PTEACH-iNG ThE
         t~NTTA AND PTECOPTS.
            h-iS D-iSC-iPLE kUN-SPANS (ThE ASCET-iC) tHUGS-T~E BRtSON-
         '~RUS HE WAS BORN AT dAB-PHYAR SpAN-SGAR; -iN nOTThERN
         lA-STOD/ -iN ThE YEAR wATER-fEM;LLE-hARE (CHU-MO-YOS--1243
    (9A) a.d.; ;-iCCORD-iNGTOThErE'U-M-iG-iN 1~4~ a.d. (CBU--STAG)).
         iN H-iS YOUTh HE MASTERED ThE p-iTAKAS. hE ALSO LOOKED AFTER
         NUMERoUS MONKS AT ThE MONAST-iC COLLEGE OF RkYAN-'DUR/ AND
         w;15 FAMOUS AS A PROF-iC-iENT DEBATER. oN ONE OCCAS-iON DUR-iNG
         H-iS STUD-iES/ HE L-iSTENED T~ ThE COMPLETE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE kALA-
         C.LKRA BY ThE aLL-kNOW-iNG (kUN-MKHYEN) ~HOS-SKU 'OD-ZER.
         hE OBTA-iNED PRECEPTS/ AND WH-iLE LLE PRACT-iSED MED-iTA~-iONS/ HE
         OPENED MANY SAMADLL-i-DVARAS (GATES OF TRANCE). oNCE/ WHEN
         AN ACC-iDENT ENDANGERED H-iS L-iFE (A HAND-iCA~ WH-iCH ~ROSE DUR-iNG
                                                                          p.772
         H-iS P~ACT-iCE OF ThE PRANAYAMA)/ kUN-MKHYEN-PA (~ OS-SKU
         'OD-ZER) ~ERCE-iVED -iT/ AND CAN~E BY LL-iNLSELF (W-iThOUT BE-iN~
         CALLED). kUN-MKL~YEN-PA SA-iDH ~-LF YOU WOULD HAVE D-iED
         Th-iS T-iME/ YOU WOULD LLAVE OBTA-iNED ThE FOUR '- BOD-iES" (ThE
         FOUR KAYAS OR BOD-iES AREH i. SVABHAVA-KAYA/ NO-BO-N-iD SKU/
         bODY OF aBSOLUTE eX-iSTENCE; 2. jNANA-DHARMAKAYA/ yE-SES
         CHOS-SKU/ bODY OF aBSOLUTE w-iSDOlN; ~. sAMBHOGA-KAYA/
         LONS-SPYOD RDZOGS-PA-I SKU/ ~ODY OF gLO~Y; 4. n-iRMANA-KAY~/
         SPRUL-SKU/ aPPAR-iT-iONAL bOD~)/ AND SAY-iNG SO/ HE REMOVED ThE
         DANGERS ThREATE-i~-iNG H-iS L-i~E. aFTER ThAT HE LEFT H-iS WARK AS A
         STUDENT AN~L PREACHER/ ~ND CONCENTRATED EXCLUS-iVELY ON MED-iT~-
         T-iON/ AND BECAME. KNOWN AS kUN-SPANS-PA. hE HEARD ThE
         D-iL~ERENT EXPOS-iT-iON O~ ThE sADANGA-YOGA (OF ThE kALACAKTA)/
         WHA~EVER WERE FOUND -iN t-iBET. hE TRANSlERRED H-iS RES-iDENCE
         TO TBE MOUNTA-iNS OF ~HE nORTh/ AND WH-iLE MED-iTAT-iNG/ HE
         SUBDUED BY ThE POWEE OF N-iS CONCENTRATED m-iND MANY
         DEMONS. h~ WAS -iNV-iTED TO jO NAN BY ~O-MO nAGS-RGYA~
         (ThE LOCAL DC-iTY OF ~O-NA;N)/ AR~ HE PROM-iSED ThE GODDESS TO
         COME ThETE AFTER ThREE YEARS. wHEN ThE T-iME CAME/ HE
         JOURNEYED ThERE. FOUNDED A MONAS~RY/ AND LOOKED AFTER NU-
         MEROUS D-iSC-iPLES TO ~VHOM HE -iMPARTED BOTh TEACH-iNGS AND
         H-iDDEN PRECEPTS. aMONG ThEMH bYA;N-SEMS RgYAL-BA YE-SES/
         lA-STOD-PA DbAN-RGYAL/ mUN-ME bR~G-KHA-BA/ AND sON-PA
         kUN RGYAL ARE KNOWN AS ThE ~fOUR sOLLS OF kUN-SPANS-YA".
         bYAN-SEMS RgYAL-BA YE-SESH HE WAS BORN -iN ThE YEA~
         f-iRE-fEMALE-sERPENT (ME-MO-SBRUL--i~57 a.d.). iN H-iS CB-iLD-
         HOOD/ kAR-MA-PA pA-S-i-PA (BAyS-i) ACCE~TED B-iM (AS D-iSC-iPLE)
         AGA-iNST H-iS FAThER'S W-iLL/ TAUGHT H-i-iN ThE kAR MA-PA DOCTR-iNES/
         AND LOOKED AFTER H-iM (BY SUPPLY-iNG H-iM) W-iTh (H-iS) WORLDLY
         NEEDS. lATER HE PROCEEDED TO ~MO-NAN AND L-iSTENED To (TLLE
         EXPOS-iT-iON) OF ALL ThC BAS-iC TEXTS OF kUN-SP~NS-PA/ ThE LATTER'S
         H-iDDEN PRECEPTS/ AND PRACT-iSE~ (-iNED-iTAT-iON) ACCORD-iNG TO TLLE[L~.
         lA-STOD-PA DbAN-RGYALH HE PRACT-iSED RNED-iTAT-iON AND
         ATTA-iNED REMARKABLE RESULTS. dUR-iNG ThE SAME T-iLNE HE AL-iO
         COMPOSED A GU-iDE-BOOK ON ThE TEACH-iNGS OF (H-iS) tEACHER/
         BEG-iNN-iNG W-iTh ThE ~bAR-DU DGE-BA"/ OR SECOND SECT-iON (L-iT.
                                                                          p.773
         "USEFUL -iN ThE M-iDDLE." mOST OF ThE t-iBETAN gU-iDE-BOOKS
         ARE D-iV-iDED -iNTO ThTEE SECT-iOOSH 1. tHOG-MAR DGE-BA/ ~USEFUL
         -iN ThE BEG-iNN-iNG"/ 2. bAR-DU DGE-L~A/ ~USEFUL -iN ThE M-iDDLE"
         ATLD 3. MtHA'-MAR DGE-BA/ ~USE~UL -iN Th~ END". tHE gU-iDE-
         BOOK ON ThE sADANGA-YOGA wA5 D-i~-iDED -iNTO S-iX BRANCHES.
         tHE F-iRST TWO BTAN~HCS(YAN-LAGT COTTESPONDED To ThE .HOG-
         M~R DGE-BA/ ThE NEXT TWO To ~HE bAR-DU DGE-BA/ AND ThE LAST
         Two TO ThE MtHA'-MAR DGE-BA. lA-STOD-PA DbAN TGYAL WROTE A
         cO-iNMENTARY ON ThE LAST FOUR BRANCHES OF ThE sADANGA-YOGA).
    (9B) hE -iMPROVED ThE MED-iTA~-iONS OF MANY (D-iSC-iPL~S) AND
         REMOVED ThE-iR HAND-iCAPS.
            mUN-ME bRAG-KH~-BA gRAG~PA S~N~ HE WAS BORN -iN
         ThE YEAR wOOD-fEN~LE-~LARE (S-iN-MO-YOS--1255 a. d.) AT
         RgY;LL-TE tHAN-KAR -iN nORThERN GyAS-RU. hE BELONGED TO ThC
         GlAN CLAN. iN H-iS YOUTh HE WAS ORDA-iNED BY ThE pHRO-PHU
         r~PO-CHE BsCRD-NAMS SEN~E/ AND RECE-iVED ThE NAME OF gRAGS-
         PA SEN-GE. lATER H~ TECC-iVED ThE F-iNAL MONAST-iC ORD-iNAT-iON -iN
         ThE PRESENCE CF ThE SAME UPADHYAYA DBu-MA-PA sER-'BUM
         ACT-iNG AS A-CANRA/ AND bU-S~ON SEN-GE-'OD A~T-iNG AS sECRET
         pRECEPTOR. fROM pHYA-RU-~A sEN~E-DPAL Oe sA-SKYA HE HEARD
         ThE RnAM-'GRE1 (pRAMANAVART-iKA~/ ThE tREAe-iSES O~ mA-iTREYA/
         TL~E '~s-iX tREAT-iSES O~ nAGARJUNA/" ASLD ThE tANTLA C~ASS WERE
         PERFECTLY MASTERED BY H-iM. hOWEVER HE WAS O~ ThE OP-iN-iON
         Th~T MED-iTAT-iON ~EPRESENTED ThE eSSENCE OF ThE dOCTR-iNE/ AND
         ThERE~ORE HE ASKED kUN-SPANS-PA AND bYAN-SEEMS RgYAL-YE AT
         ~O-MO-NAN FOR GU-iDARLCE -iN ThE sADARTGA-YO~A (SbYOR-BA YAN-LAG
         LRUGJ/ AND ASKED Th~M TO EXPOUND ThE tA~TRA. tHEY SA-iD TO
         H-iMH ~'gO Tq rON!" hE ThEN HEARD ThE ~cOMMENTARY o{i ThE
         t~NTRA" (w-iMALAPRABHA) TOGEThER W-iTh -iTS PRECEPTS FROM aKARA-
         S-iDDH-i/ ThE YO~NGEST SON OF RgWA LO-TSA-BA. hE HELD -iN H-iGH
         ESTEEM MED-iT~T-iON AT ThE HERM-iTAGE OF (H-iYA'-LUN. sUBSEQUENT-
         LY HE HELPED M~NY D-iSC-iPLES BY PREACH-iNG (To ThEM) ThE
         cOMMENTARY ON ThE tANTRA (w-iMALAPRABHA) AND BY G-iV-iNG
         ThEM GU-iDANCE. lATCR -iN ThE YEAR OF ThE t-iGER (STAG-LO--1338
         a d.)/ WHEN A GREAT SNOW-~ALL HAPPENED -iN ThE K-iNGD~M/ lO-
         BE-BA kUN-BZAL; ACTED AS (H-iS) SUPPORTER/ AND SETTLED H-iM ~T
                                                                          p.774
         bRAG-KHA. hE STAYED ThERE -iN SECLUS-iON AND REC-iTED ThE
         MANTRA OF ThE kALACAKRA io/auo/auq T-iMES/ MADE L/OOO/
         OOO ABLUT-iONS/ AND MANY WONDERFUL S-iGNS TOOK PLACE/ AS FOR
         EXAMPLE ~AMES ASSUMHLG ThE FORM OT PREC-iOUS STONES/ ETC.
         eVERY DAY HE PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON ON ThE UTPANNAKRAMA AND
         SAMPANNAKRA-iNA DEGREES/ BES-iDES ThE S-iX ASANAS (LUS-SBYON DRUG)
         OF ThE BODY. hE NAMED AS H-iS FOUR CH-iE~ GU-iDE-BOOKSH ThE SbYOR-
         DRUG (sADANGA)/ ThE DmAR-KHR-iD/ ThE G~OD/ AND ThE GzER-LNA/
         AND MA-iNLY FOLLOWED ThE-iR PRESCR-iPT-iONS. dURHLG ThE SUMMER
         SECLUS-iON/ HE SPENT MOST OF H-iS T-iME -iN ThE CONT-iNUOUS PRACT-iCE
         OF G~HOD (RgYl-iN-G~HOD) hE L-iSED TO SEND ALL ThE PROPERTY
         WH-iCLL CAME -iNTO H-iS HANDS TO ThE MONASTERY OF H-iS tEACHER.
         hE WAS ENDOWED W-iTh ThE FACULTY OF PRESC-iENCE~ AND ALL
         H-iS PROPHEC-iES COR;CERN-iNG ThE FUTURE EVENTS AT sA-SKYA CAME
         TRUE. hE PASSED AWAY AT ThE AGE OF 89 -iN ~HE YEAR wATER-
   (10A) fEMALE-sHEEP (CHU-MO-LUG--1343 a.d.) AM-iDST WONDERFUL
         S-iGNS. aFTET ThE CREMAT-iON (OF H-iS REMA-iNS)/ H-iS BODY WAS
         TRANSFOTMED -iNTO A HEAP OF REL-iCS. h-iS D-iSC-iPLES WERE ThE
         dHARMASVAM-iN BlA-MO dA-iN-PA AND ThE DkA'-BCU-PA G~ON-NU
         SEN GE BLO-GROS/ wAN-MO ~U-BA G~ON-NU-DPAL/ AND MANY
         OThERS. fROM sRON-PA ~HHOS-DPAL/ A D-iSC-iPLE OF sRON-PA kUN-
         RGYAL/ bRAG-NAG-PA ~HHOS-SKYON-DPAL OBTA-iNED ThE SYSTEM OF
         sRON. tHE BkA'-BCU-PA G~ON-N-L SEN GE OBTAHLED -iT FROM H-iM.
         sRON-PA kUN-DGA'-RGYAL HAS BEEN ThE ZU-GUR-CHE (cMONG.
         ~ARY/UC-i) OF ThE mOL~GOL eMPEROR/ AND WAS ORDA-iNED BY BlA-
         MA 'pHAGS-PA/ WHO -iNTRODUCED H-iM TO ThE STUDY OF ThE
         p-iTAKA. lATER HE OBRA-iNED GU-iDANCE FROM kUN-SPAR;S-PA/ AND
         OBTA-iNED PERFECT RESULRS (-iN H-iS MED-iRAT-iON). hE MET aVALOK-i-
         TESVARA AND ~A-BA R-i DbAN-PHYUG (ONE OF ThE GREAT MAHAS-iD-
         DHAS). eL-iS PRECEPTS WH-iCH WERE KNOWN AS ThE ~mEThOD OF
         sRON" (sRON-LUGS)/ SL-iGHTLY D-iFFERED FROM OThERS/ AND ThROUGH
         ThEM HE BENEF-iTTED OThERS. DpAL-LDAN BlA-MA OBTA-iNED ThE
         ~mEThOD OF sRON" (sRON-LUGS) FROM ThE FOLLOW-iNG ThTEEH
         sRON-PA kUN-DGA' RGYAL/ H-iS D-iSC-iPLE ~H4CS-DPAL/ AND TLLE
         MAHA-UPADHYAYA BsOD-NAMS GRAGS-PA. iN Th-iS MANNER kUN-
         SPANS-PA LABOURED FOR A LONG T-iME FOR ThE WELFARE Oe OThERS/
                                                                          p.775
         AND ThEN ENTRUSTED ThE ABBOTSh-iP TO bYAN-SEMS RgYAL-YE.
         hE PASSED AWAY AT ThE AGE OF 71/ -iN ThE YEAT wATER-fEMALE
         oX (CHU-MO-GLAN--i313 a.d.). bYAN-SEMS RgYAL-BA YE-
         SES/ AGED 57/ OCCUP-iED ThE ABBOT'S CHA-iR OF ~O-NAR; -iN ThE YEAR
         wATER-fEMALE-oX (CHU-MO-GLAN--~ 31 3a.d.). mANY KALYANA-
         M-iTRAS/ SUCH AS ThE BLA-MA kUN-BSOD-PA AND OThERS/ AND
         MANY GREAT MEN/ SUCH AS ThE GREAT O-i~-iC-iAL bYAR;-RDOT AND ThE
         GREAT OFF-iC-iAL yON-BTSUN/ AND OThETS/ BECAME H-iS D-iSC-iPLES.
         .~E USED TO SAYH ~mOST OF ThOSE WHO HAD RECE-iVED MY
         GU-iDANCE/ HAVE OBTA-iNED PERFECT RESULTS. aT LEAST ThERE HAD
         BEEN NONE WHO D-iD NO~ COMPLETE ThE (TEN) S-iGNS (OF MED-iTA-
         T-iON)". ~E OCCUP-iED ThE CHA-iR FOT E-iGHT YEARS/ AND ThEN
         PASSED AWAY AT ThE AGE OF 64 -iN ThE YEAR iRON-mALE-aPE
         (iCAGS-PHO-SPRE'U--L320 a.d.). hE BE-iNG AN EXTRAORD-iNARY
         MAN/ ThE STORY OF H-iS L-iFE WAS WR-iTTEN BY ThE dHARMASVAM-iN
         rAN-BYUN RDO-R~E.
            MkHAS-BTSUN yON-TAN RGYA-MTShO/ A D-iSC-iPLE OF bYAN-
   (10B) SEMS-PAH HE WA~ BORN -iN ThE YEAR iRON-aPE (iCAG~SPRE--
         1260 a.d.). aT ThE AGE OF 61/ HE OCCUP-iED ThE ABBOT'S
         CHA-iR. hE HANDED OVER ThE CHA-iR -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-mALE-
         t-iGER (ME-PHO-STAG--1326 a.d.)/ AND D-iED AT ThE AGE OF 68
         -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-fEMALE-hARE (ME-MO-YOS--1327 a.d.).
         h-iS NAT-iVE PLACE WAS SpEN-PA O~ MdOG. iN H-iS CH-iLDHOOD
         HE FOLLOWED ON NUMEROUS SCHOLATS AT sA-SKYA/ SUCH AS '~AM-
         DBYANS-PA AND OThETS/ AND STUD-iED WELL ThE p-iTAKA. hE
         JOURNEYED TO ThE iMPET-iAL pALACE -iN ThE RET-iNUE OF '~AM-DBYANS-
         PA (M~ H-iMS '~AM-DPAL-DBYANS OR '~AM-DBYAR;S GSAR-MA).
         w-iTh '~AM-DBYANS-PA'S ~ERM-iSS-iON/ HE SOON RETURN~D TO DBuS
         AND GtSAN. hAV-iNG COME TO ~MO-NAN/ HE ThOROUGHLY
         ABSORBED ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON R-iTE (OF ThE kALACAKRA SYSTEM)/ AND
         ThE tANTRA FROM BOTh kUN-SPANS-PA AND bYAN-SEMS-PA/ AND
         RECE-iVED ThE-iR GU-iDANCE. h-iS m-iND CONCENTRAT-iON ACQU-iRED
         A LOFTY CHARACTER/ AND HE BECAME ThE OBJECT O~ WORSh-iP OF ALL
         L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS.
            kUN-MKHYEN sES-R~B RGYAL-MTShAN (A FAMOUS SCHOLAR O~
         ThE ~O-NAN-PA SECT/ KNOWN GENERALLY UNDER ThE NAME OF dOL-
                                                                          p.776
         PO-PA. h-iS -iMAGE -iS FOUND -iN ThE ~O-KHAN OF lHA-SA AMONG
         ThOSE OF ThE MOST FAMOUS tEACHERS OF t-iBET)/ WHO HAD BECOME
         H-iS D-iSC-iPLEH HE WAS BORN -iN ThE FAM-iLY KNOWN AS bAN-TShAN
         OF dOL-PA. iN H-iS YOUTh HE BECAME A D-iSC-iPLE OF SkY-i-STON
         '~AM-DBYAR;S-PA/ UNCLE AND NEPHEW. hE STUD-iED ThE p-iTAKAS/
         SUCH AS ThE BkA'-CHEN BZ-i ('dUL-BA/ MdZOD/ pHAR-PHY-iN/
         DBu-MA) AND OThERS/ ALSO ThE tANTRAS/ SUCH AS ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON
         OF wAJRAMALA (RdO-R~E PHREN-BA) AND OThERS. hE ESPEC-iALLY
         STUD-iED ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE kALACAKRA AFTER ThE METhOD OF
         rWA BY BOTh ThE UNCLE AND NEPHEW ('~AM-DBYANS-PA).
         hE PREACHED ThE BkA'-BZ-i ('dUL-BA/ pHAR-PHY-iN/ MdZOD/
         DBu-MA) AT sA-SKYA FROM H-iS YOUTh. iNSP-iTE OF ThE FACT ThAT
         OThERS D-iD NOT L-iKE H-iM DO-iNG SO/ HE ALSO ADDED ThE bODH-iCAR-
         YAVATARA/ AND PREACHED -iT. hE V-iS-iTED ThE MONAST-iC COLLEGES
         OF DBuS AND GtSAN/ TOOK PART -iN DEBATES AND BECAME KNOWN
         AS A ~OOD SCHOLAR. hE STUD-iED EXTENS-iVELY W-iTh MANY
         TEACHERS. aT ~O-MO-NAN HE OBTA-iNED ThE cOMMENTARY ON ThE
         tANTRA (w-iMALAPRABHA) TOGEThER W-iTh -iTS H-iDDEN PRECEPTS
         FROM MkHAS-BTSUN yON-TAN RGYA-MTShO. aFTER HAV-iNG PRACT-i-
         SED ThE PRECEPTS/ HE EXPER-iENCED AN -iNCOMPARABLE RESULT. aT
         ThE AGE OF 35 HE OCCUP-iED ThE CHA-iR. t-iLL H-iS DEATh HE USED
         TO PREACH AND MED-iTATE (BSAD-SGRUB) hE ERECTED ThE SkU-
         'BUM MThON-GROL-CHEN-MO. fOLLOW-iNG H-iS ORDERS/ TWO OF H-iS
   (11A) D-iSC-iPLES mA-T-i PAN-CHEN AND ThE LO-TSA-BA BlO GROS-DPAL
         REV-iSED -iN ThE YEAR wOOD-mALE-dOG AS-iN-PHO-KHY-i--1334
         a.d.) ThE TRANSLAT-iON OF ThE kALACAKRA. tHE gREAT aLL-kNOW-iNG
         (kUN-MKHYEN CHEN-PO/ sES-RAB RGYAL-MTShAN) HAV-iNG TAKEN AS
         BAS-iS Th-iS TRANSLAT-iON/ COMPOSED AN ABR-iDGEMENT (BSDUS-DON--
         P-iNDARThA) ON ThE gREAT cOMMENTARY ON ThE tANTRA (RgYUD-
         'GREL CHEN-MO/ -i.E. ThE w-iMALAPRABHA) AND NOTES. fURThER/ HE
         COMPOSED NUMEROUS ShORT TREAT-iSES (SASTRAS) ON -iN-iT-iAT-iONS AND
         MED-iTAT-iON/ ON ASTROLOGY/ ETC. aFTER ThE ERECT-iON OF ThE SkU-
         'BUM CHEN-MO/ A NEW K-iND OF MED-iTAT-iON WAS PRODUCED -iN
         H-iM. hE SA-iDH ~iT SEEMS TO ME/ ThAT HAV-iNG CREATED mOUNT
         mERU (-i.E. ThE gTEAT CA-iTY./J/ ThE oCEAN GUShED FORTh" (Th-iS
         WAS A REFERENCC TO H-iS FAMOUS TREAT-iSE ~ES-DON RGYA-MTShO/
                                                                          p.777
         "tHE oCEAN OF d-iRECT mEAN-iNG ~NLTA ARThA." hE COMPOSED
         LEARNED TREAT-iSES ON ThE DOCTR-iNE OF GZAN-STON (REFUTAT-iON OF ThE
         RAN-STON DOCTR-iNE OF cANDRAKLRT-i)/ SUCH AS ThE 2~ES-DON RGYA-
         MTShO/ ThE BSdUS-DON (-iTS sUMMARY)/ AND sA-BCAD (-iTS ANALY-
         S-iS)/ A COMMENTARY ON ThE uTTARATANTRA (RgYUD BlA-MA)/ ThE
         aBH-iSAMAYALAMKARA/ A cOMMENTARY ON ThE gENERAL dOCTT-iNE
         (BStAN-PA SPY-i-'GREL)/ ThE BkA'-BSDU-BZ-i-PA (ThE ~fOURTh
         cOUNC-iL". iN ThE BkA'-BSDU-BZ-i-PA HE OUTL-iNED ThE ThEORY OF
         ThE EX-iSTENCE OF A nATURAL bUDDHA(RAN-BZ-iN SANS-RGYAS) -iN ALL
         L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS~/ AND NThERS/ WH-iCH F-iLLED DBuS AND GtSAN (ThE
         i~ES-DON RGYA-MTShO AND ThE BkA'-BSDU-BZ-i-PA ARE TWO FAMOUS
         TEXTS OF ThE ~O-NAN-PA SECT. mONKS OF ThE DgE-LUGS-PA
         SCHOOL ARE FORB-iDDEN TO KEEP ThESE BOOKS W-iTh-iN ThE PREC-iNCTS
         OF ThE MONASTERY). wHEN MANY SCHOLARS/ D-iSAGREE-iNG/ W-i~H
         HLS ThEORY ~GRUB-MThA')/ CAME TO D-iSCUSS ThE MATTER W-iTh H-iM/
         ThE-iR REFUTAT-iONS WERE MELTED S-iM-iLAR TO SNOW WHEN REACH-iN~
         ThE OCEAN. hAV-iNG -iNSTALLED ThE LO-TSA-BA ON ThE ABBOT'S CHA-iR/
         HE PROCEEDED TO DBuS/ TOOK UP RES-iDENCE -iN lHA-SA AND TAUGHT
         ThE GU-iDE-BOOK ON ThE sADANGA-YOGA. tHE TERR-iTORY OF lHA-SA
         BECAME F-iLLED W-iTh (MONKS) PTACT-iS-iNG R-iTUAL-iST-iC DANCES (NAMS-
         SKYON-BA-I GAR). lATER HE PROCEEDED To DpAL ~O-MO-NAN/ AND
         AT ThE AGE OF 70 -iN ThE YEAR iRON-fEMALE-oX (iCAGS-MC-GLAN--
         136i a.d.! PROCEEDED TO sUKHAVATL ~BORN -iN 1292 a.d.~.
         h-iS D-iSC-iPLES kUN-SPANS ~HHOS-GRAGS DPAL-BZAN-PO/ pHYOGS-LAS
         RnAM-RGYAL/ L~A-DBON kUN-DGA'-DPAL/ AND MANY OThERS WERE
         LEARNED MEN/ WHO PRACT-iSED ThE sADANGA-YOGA. tHEY F-iLLED
         ALL ThE MOUNTA-iN VALLEYS AND LANDS OF DBuS AND GtSAN W-iTh
         ADEPTS (SADHAKA~ PRACT-iS-iNG ThE sADANGA-YOGA. -L-H-iS mED-iTAT-iVE
         l-iNEAGE SPREAD GREATLY -iN kHAMS ALSO. eVEN NOWADAYS ThERE
         APPEAR TO EX-iST NUMEROUS ADEPTS (SADHAKAS~ OBSERV-iNG ThE TULE
         OF TLiE PER-iODS OF ThREE HALF-MONThS AND ThREE YEARS ON ThE
         BANKS OF ThE RmA-CHU (hUANG-HO. fOLLOWERS OF ~O-NAN-PA ARE
         ST-iLL FOUND ROUND L~A-BA -i-iL sOUTLL aMDO( ON ThE BORDERS OF
         sSU-CH~UAN()
            nOW ThE dHARMASVAM-iN pHYOGS-LAS RNAM-RGYAL (bO-DON
         pHYOGS-LAS RNAM-RGYAL)H hE W~S A NAT-iVE OF M~A'-R-iS AND wAS
                                                                          p.778
         BORN -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-mALE-hORSE (ME-PHO-RTA--1306 a.d.).
         iN H-iS YOUTh HE PROCEEDED TO DBuS AND STUD-iED AT ~HHOS-
         'KHOR-GL-iN ThE sUTRA-P-i~AKA/ SUCH AS ThE pRAJNAPARAM-iTA/ ThE
         nYAYA/ AND OThER BRANCHES OF KNOWLEDGCL hE BECAME A
         ~REAT SCHOLAR. hE ALSO TOOK PART -iN DEBATES -iN BOTh DBuS AND
         GtSAR;. oNCE WHEN HE WAS TAK-iNG PART -iN A DEBATE/ LLE MET
         TLLE dHARMASVAM-iN kUN-MKHYEN CHEN-PO sES-RAB RGYAL-MTShAN/
         AND WAS F-iLLED W-iTh FA-iTh. hE TOOK UP RES-iDENCE AT ~O-NAN
         PROPER/ AND OBTA-iNED FROM kUN-MKHYEN CHEN-PO ThE EXPOS-iT-iON
         OF ThE tANTRA AND ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON R-iTE OF ThE kALACAKRA/ TOGEThER
         W-iTh ThE H-iDDEN PRECEPTS/ AS WELL AS MANY OThER DOCTR-iNES.
   (11B) hE PRACT-iSED ThE PRECEPTS/ AND AN EXCELLENT MYST-iC TRANCE WAS
         PRODUCED -iN H-iM. hE REGARDED kUN-MKHYEN CHEN-PO AS ThE
         CH-iEF AMONG H-iS TEACHERS. kUN-MKHYEN CHEN-PO'S D-iSC-iPLE bYAR;-
         PA tA-I-DBAN-PA AFTER CONSULT-iNG kUN-MKHYEN CHEN-PO/ AND H-iS
         D-iSC-iPLE/ FOUNDED ThE MONASTERY (CHOS-SDE~ OF ~AM-R-iR;S (lHA-
         RTSE; AT PRESENT ThE MONASTERY BELONGS TO ThE DgE-LUGS-PA
         SECT). kUN-MKHYEN CHEN-PO SPENT SOME T-iME ThERE. tHEN HE
         ENTRUSTED (ThE MONASTERY) TO pHYOGS-LAS RNAM-RGYAL/ AND H-iMSELF
         PROCEEDED TO ~O-MO-NAN PROPER. pHYOGS-LAS RNAM-RGYAL TAUGHT
         ThE p-iTAKAS FOR A CONS-iDERABLE T-iME/ -iN PART-iCULAR ThE pRAJNAPA-
         RAM-iTA CLASS AND lOG-iC. hE GAThERED ROUND H-iMSELF MANY
         CLEVET D-iSC-iPLES. lATER HE HANDED OVER ThE CHA-iR TO BStAN-PA-I
         RGYAL-MTShAN/ AND AT ThE AGE OF 49 BECAME ABBOT OF ~O-MO-
         NAN. (FOL. i2AH tHE WORDS ~ZE-DGU-PA-LA..." REFER TO Th-iS
         PASSAGE). aFTER F-iVE YEARS HE HANDED OVER Th-iS MONASTERY ALSO/
         AND PROCEEDED TO DBuS. aT 'tShAL-DBUS-GL-iR; HE PREACHED TO A
         L.LRGE CONGREGAT-iON OF D-iSC-iPLES ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON R-iTE OF ThE kALACA-
         KRA-tANTRA AND ThE H-iDDEN PRECEPTS. aFTER ThAT HE JOURNEYED
         TOWARDS yAR-KLUR;S. wHEN HE WAS RES-iD-iNG AT R~OR/ ThE LO-
         TSA-BA bYAL-i-CHUB RTSE-MO HEARD FROM H-iM ThE H-iGHER -iN-iT-iAT-iON
         (MCHOG-DBAN) OF ThE kALACAKRA. hAV-iNG COME TO yAR-KLUR;S/
         L~E STAYED AT kHRA-'BRUG AND OThER PLACES/ AND ESTABL-iShED
         LLUMEROUS D-iSC-iPLES ON ThE V-iRTUOUS PATh aFTER ThAT HE PTo-
         CEEDED To GtSAN AND TOOK UP RES-iDENCE AT sE-MKHAR-CHUR;.
         h-iS L-i~EH HE WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-mALE-hORSE (ME-PHO-
                                                                          p.779
         RTA--L306 a. d.) AND L-iVE~L TO ThE AGE OF 81/ -iN ThE YEAR
         f-iRE-mALE-t-iGER (-iNE-PHO-STAG--1386 a. d.). mY tEACHER
         sANS-RGYAS R-iN-CHEN-PA OBTA-iNED (ThE dOCTR-iNE) ~ROM Li-i-iN hE
         WAS BOTN -iN ThE YEAR eARTh-fEMALE-hARE (SA-MO-YOS--1336
         a. d.) AT SnE'U-MKHAR AS SON OF MkHAS-GRUB (~HOS-DPAL-PA/
         HOLDER OF ThE l-iNEAGE OF SCHOLARS AND~MED-iTAT-iON pOSSESSED
         OF ThE SP-iR-iTUAL HER-iTAGE (GOTRA) OF ThE mAHAYANA/ -iN H-iS CH-iLD-
         HOOD HE NEVER QUARRELLED W-iTh H-iS PLAYMATES. fROM H-iS YOUTh/
         HE L-iSTENED TO ThE EXPOS-iT-iON O~ NUMEROUS SECRET DOCTR-iNES (GTER-
         CHOS) O~ H-iS ANCESTORS/ SUCH AS ThE EXPOS-iT-iON O~ ThE hEVAJRA-
         tANTRA (BRtAG-GN-iS) ACCORD-iNG TO ThE METhOD OF R~O~/ ThE
         (wAJRA)K-iLA (pHUR-BU)1 AND hAYAGNVA cYCLES OF ThE ~oiD"
         BEL-iEVERS (R~-iN-MA)/ ThE BlA-MA GsAN-'DUS ~A RL~-iN-MA BOOK)/
   (12A) AND OThER TEXTS. aFTER ThA~ HE JOURNEYED TO RtSES-ThAN AND
         ATTENDED ON (~HHOS-SEN-PA/ ThE gREAT/ AND ThE ACAR~A 'oD-ZER-
         DPAL-PA/ STUD-iED ThE pRAJNAPARAM-iTA/ AND TOOK PART -iN PH-iLOSO-
         PH-iCAL DEBATES. aFTER ThAT HE TOOK UP ThE STUDY OF ThE
         pRAMANAVART-iKA. wH-iLE HE WAS MEMOR-iZ-iNG ThE cOMMENTARY/
         LLE FELT A DES-iRE TO HEAR TLLE (EXPOS-iT-iON) O~ ThE kALACAKRA. hE
         ThEN OBTA-iNED FROM ThE lO-CHEN bYAN-CHUB TTSE-MO ON ONE
         OCCAS-iON ThE COMPLETE TEXT O~ ThE gREAT cOMMENTARY ON ThE
         tANTRA ~w-iMALAPRABHA)/ AND ON ANOThER OCCAS-iON HALl OF ThE
         TEXT. hE OBTA-iNED ThE COMPLETE TEXT ON TWO OCCAS-iONS FROM ThE
         LO-TSA-BA nAM-MKHA' BZ~N-PO. fROM ThE dHARMASVAM-iN
         pHYOGS PA ThE COMPLETE -iN-iT-iAT-iON O~ ThE kALACAKRA/ AND TW-iCE
         ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE gREAT cOMMENTARY OF ThE tANTRA/ AS
         H-iDDEN PRECEPTS ThE sADANGA-YOGA/ AND ThE sEVASADHANA (u-
         R~YAN BSNEN-SGRUB). fROM ThE dHARMA~VAM-iN pHYOGS-PA'S
         D-iSC-iPLE RtOGS-LDAN SNO-NAL-MA yE-SES RGYAL-MTShAN HE OBTA-iNED
         ThE cOMMENTARY ON ThE tANTRA (w-iMALAPRABHA) TOGEThER W-iTh
         NOTES BY pHYOGS-LAS RNAM-RGYAL. fROM ThE ACARYA '~AM-SGEG HE
         OBTA-iNED ThE ~RL pARAMARThASEVA ~tG. RgYUD/ nO. i348) AND
         ThE itA-'DOD MDOR-BSTAN (tG. Rg~UD/ nO. 23O4). fROM yAR-
         'BROG-KHA BA-LUN-PA ~AN-STON BsOD-NAMS GRAGS-PA HE OBTA.NED
         ThE cOMMENTARY ON ThE tANTRA (w-iMALAPRABHA) TOGEThER W-iTh
         NOTES BY kUN-MKHYEN CHE~L-PO. f~M r-i-STON BlO CHEN-'OD
                                                                          p.700
         HE OBTALNED ThE CRANSLAT-iON OF ThE cOMMENTARY ON ThE tANTRA
         BY lO-GRAGS-PA/ WH-iCH WAS HANDED DOWN FROM mAN LUNS-PA
         AND ThE LO-TSA-~ gRAGS-PA RGYAL-MTShAN/ AND ThE sEKODDESA-
         TLKA OF nA-RO-~A. wHEN kUN-MKHYEN CKEN-PO CAME TO lHA-
         sL/ HE TOOK UP ThE ~N~L MONAS~-iC OTD-iNAT-iON -iN H-iS PRESENCE/
         AND OBTA-iNED FROM L--iM SEVERAL OF ThE LESSER DOCTR-iNES. aMONG
         ThESE HE HELD -iN H-iGH ESTEEM ThE M~ThOD O~ pHYOGS-LAS RNAM-
         R~YAL. aFTER ThAT HE CONSECRATED H-iMSELF TO -iNED-iTAT-iON.
         dUR-iNG H-iS PRA~T-iCE OF ThE sADANGA-YOGA/ HE SUFFERED DUR-iNG
         N-iNE YEARS FROM A D-iSEASE. AND FELT ThE NPPER AND !OWER PARTS
         OF H-iS BODY BURN-iNG AS -iF SCORCHED BY GLOW-iNG CHARCOAL.
         hOWEVER HE D-iD NOT -iNTERRUPT H-iS MED-iTAT-iON. hAV-iNG BEEN
         REL-iEVED OF H-iS AFFL-iCT-iON/ H-iS MED-iTAT-iON GREATLY -iMPROVED.
         hE PREACHED ThE EXPOS-iT-iON O~ ThE cO-iNMENTARY ON ThE tANTRA
         (w-iMAL~PRABHA~. hE CONSTANTLY GAVE G~L-iDANCE TO NUMEROUS
         D-iSC-iPLES -iN ThE PRLCT-iCE OF ThE sADANGA-YOGA/ WHO -iNCLUDED
         ~R-iESTS AND LAYMEN/ MALES AND FEMALES. dUR-iNG A CONS-iDERABLE
         T-iME HE LABOURED FOR ThE WELFARE OF OThERS. hE PASSED AWAY
         AT ThE AGE OF 86 -iN ThE YEAR wOOD-mALE-dRAGON (S-iN-PHO-
         'BRUG--i424 a d.~. hE ATTENDED ON ThE bLESSED mA-iTREYA
         -iN ThE aBODE OF tUS-iTA/ WH-iCH HAD BEEN ThE ABODE OF H-iS
         ~ORMER -iNCARNAT-iONS. i OBT~-iNED FROM H-iM ThE COMPLETE -iN-iT-iA-
   (12B) T-iON R-iTE OF ThE kALACAKRA/ AS B-iVEN -iN ThE BOOK ON ThE MANDALA
         R-iTES COMPOSED BY kUN-MKHYEN CHEN-PO (sES-RAB RGYAL--iNTShAN).
         i ALSO OBTA-iNED ThE TEXT OF ThE gREAT cO-iNMENTARY ON ThE tAN-
         TRA (w-i-iNALAYRABLiA)/ ThE GU-iDE-BOOK ON ThE sADANGA-YOGA/ ThE
         sEKODDESA W-iTh ThE COMMENTARY BY nA-RO-PA/ AS WELL AS OThER
         COMMENTAR-iEs (ON ThE kALACAKRA~ BY bODH-iSATTVAS (-i.E. BY ThE
         K-iLLGS OF ~ iMBHALA). tHE r-iN-PO-CHE BsOD-BZAN-BA ALSO
         STUD-iED ThOROUGHLY ThE kALACAKRA W-iTh -iTS BRANCHES AND
         SECRET PRECEPTS UNDER ThE dHARMASVAM-iN pHYOGS-LAS RNAM-
         R~YAL AND ThE SCHOLAR L~A-DBON. dUR-iNG A CONS-iDERABLE T-iME
         HE LOOKED AFTER D-iSC-iPLES BY BESTOW-iNG ON ThERN GU-iDANCE/
         EXPOS-iT-iONS AND -iN-iT-iAT-iONS. hE ALSO COMPOSED A TEXT-BOOK
         ON -iN-iT-iAT-iON R-iTES (DbAN-SGRUB. DbAN-SGRUB MEANS ThE F-iRST
         PART O~ ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON R-iTE/ W6-iCH PRECEDES ThE -iNTRODUCT-iON
                                                                          p.781
         OF ThE CL-iSC-iPLE -iNTO ThE -iNANDALA)/ AND BECAME ThE tEACHER OF
         ALL GREAT MEN. tHE dHATMASVAM-iN dE BZ-iN GSEGS-PA AND
         MtHON-BA dON-LDAN ALSO BECAME H-iS D-iSC-iPLES. tH-iS YOGES-
         VARA WHO HAD ATTA-iNED ThE STAGE OF A SCLLOLAR AND A S-iDDHA/
         PASSED AWAY AT ThE AGE OF 93 -iN ThE YEAR wATER-fEMALE-oX
         (CHU-MO-GLAN--1433 a.d.). h-iS D-iSC-iPLE ThE DkA'-BCU-PA
         pAD-MA-BZAN-PO-BA EXPOUNDED ON MA~ OCCAS-iONS ThE COMMEN-
         TARY ON ThE tANTRA (w-iMALAPRABHA)/ AS WELL AS COMPOSED A
         LARGE COMMENTARY ON ThE w-iMALAPRABHA. fURThER/ ThE dHAR-
         MASVAM-iN ~HOS-BZAN ~-i-MA/ A D-iSC-iPLE OF r-iN-PO CHE BsOD-
         NAMS BZAN-PO/ FOUNDED ThE HERM-iTAGE O~ GyA'-SNAN/ AND
         UPHELD ThE dOCTR-iNE BY PREACH-iNG ThE kALACAKRA/ AS WELL AS
         BY MED-iTAT-iON. tHERE APPEARED MANY ADEPTS (SADHAKAS) WHO
         CONCENTRATED SOLELY ON ThE PRACT-iCE OF ThE sADANGA-YOGA.
         aGA-iN/ '~AM-DBYA-iNS ~HOS-KY-i MGON-PO-BA/ A D-iSC-iPLE OF kUN-
         MKHYEN CHEN-PO/ TOOK OVER ThE CHA-iR OF GyAG-SDE PAN-CHEN/
         AND FOR A LONG T-iME PREACHED ThE kALACAKRA. hE HAD MANY
         LEARNED D-iSC-iPLES/ -iNCLUD-iNG '~AM-DBYANS r-iN-RGYAL BA AND
         OThERS. hAV-iNG COME TO ThE MONAST-iC COLLEGE OF RtSES-ThAN/
         HE PREACHED ThE cOMMENTATY ON ThE tANTRA (w-iMALAPRABHA)
         To MANY P-iTAKADHARAS/ O~ WHOM ThE BEST STUDENT (GSAN-PA-PO/
         L-iT. ~A HEARER") WAS ThE MAHA-U~A~DHYAYA r-iN-PO-CHE RgYAL-
         MTShAN BZAN-PO. hE WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR iRON-mALE-t-iGER
         (iCAGS-PHO-STAG--1350 a.d.)/ WHEN bU-STON r-iN-PO-CHE WAS
   (13A) 61. hE STUD-iED ALL ThE p-iTAKAS/ AND ESPEC-iALLY ThE "fOUR bOOKS"
         (BkA'-BZ-i)/ AT GsAN-PHU AND RtSES-ThAN. hE WAS GREATLY
         ATTACHED TO ThE PRACT-iCE OF ThE pRAT-iMOKSA/ AND POSSESSED AN
         EXCELLENT BODH-iC-iTTA. hE STUD-iED UNDER '~AM-DBYANS ~HOS-
         MGON-PO/ AND HAV-iNG BECOME LEARNED -iN ThE kALACAKRA/ HE
         USED TO SAY (JOK-iNGLY) ThAT ALL ThE PASSAGES (-iN ThE w-iMALAPRA-
         BHA) UTTERED BY aVALOK-iTESVARA/ WH-iCH SA-iD (ThAT ThE REST OF
         ThE TEXT) WAS EAS-iLY UNDERSTOOD/ REPRESENTED A PROPHECY -iND-i-
         CAT-iNG H-iM (FOR HE HAD ~-iNDERSTOOD ThEM W-iThO~LT D-i~CULTY).
         hE BENEF-iTTED A MULT-iTUDE OF PEOPLE BY PR~ACH-iNG TO ThEM.
         hE COMPOSED -iN VERSES A R-iTUAL BOOK ON ThE UTPANNAKRAMA
         DEGREE OF ThE kALACAKRA/ AND MADE ThE kALACAKRA ThE OBJECT
                                                                          p.782
         OF H-iS CONSTANT MED-iTAT-iON. hE HEARD ThE H-iDDEN PRECEPTS
         OF ThE sADANGA-YOGA FROM sANS-RGYAS BlO-GROS-PA/ ThE MAHA-
         UPADHYAYA OF ThE tShOGS-CHEN-MO-BAS. hE WAS OF BENEF-iT TO
         OThERS BY PREACH-iNG TO ThEM/ AND PASSED AWAY AT ThE AGE OF
         76 -iN ThE YEAR wOOD-fEMALE-sERPENT (S-iN-MO-SBRUL--1425
         a.d.). mY tEACHER ~AKYASR-i WAS A D-iSC-iPLE OF'~AM-DBYANS
         ~ HOS-MGON-PO/ AND HAD STUD-iED EXTENS-iVELY ThE kALACAKRA.
         hE ALSO L-iSTENED TO -iTS EXPOS-iT-iON BY ThE MAHA-UPA-
         DHYAYA r-iN-PO-CHE RgYAL-BZAN-BA AND ThE r-iN-PO-CHE BsOD-
         BZAN-BA. hE ALSO L-iSTENED TO ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF MOST OF
         ThE kALACAKRA WORKS OF bU-STON BY A BLA-MA KNOWN AS
         DbAN-R-iN-PA/ WHO RES-iDED AT RgYAL-LHA-KHAN ('pHAN-PO)/ A
         D-iRECT D-iSC-iPLE OF bU-STON p-iN-PO-CHE. tHE MAHA-UPA-
         DHYAYA lAS-KY-i RDO-R~E (tEACHER OF RjE tSON-KHA-PA)
         REVEALED TO H-iM ThAT HE HAD BEEN -iN A PREV-iOUS L-iFE A KALYANA-
         M-iTTA OF SnAR-ThAN LEARNED -iN ThE ~ALACAKRA. iN A DREAM HE
         SAW H-iMSELF CL-iMB-iNG A LONG STA-iRWAY/ AND WHEN HE HAD REACHED
         ThE BUM-PA (ThE SPHER-iCAL PART) OF A CA-iTYA/ HE SAW -iN ThE
         CORNER OF A Sh-iN-iNG MANDALA OF kALACAKRA ThE dHARMASVAM-iN
         kUN-MKHYEN CHEN-PO (dOL-PO-PA ~ES RAB RGYAL-MTShAN). s-iNCE
         HE SAW H-iMSELF BE-iNG BLESSED BY dOL-PO-PA/ HE USED TO SAY
         ThAT HE HAD UNDERSTOOD MANY DOCTR-iNES. hE PROCEEDED TO
         sUKHAVATL AT ThE AGE OF 80 -iN ThE YEAR eARTh-mALE-dRAGON
         (SA-PHO-'BRUG--1448 a.d.).
            fURThER/ ThE UPADHYAYA OF ~E-RDZ-iN-TShOGS-PA/ NAMED r-iN-
   (13B) CHEN TShUL-KHR-iMS/ OBTA-iNED ThE kALACAKRA sYSTEm TOGEThER
         W-iTh -iTS H-iDDEN PRECEPTS FROM ThE dHARMASVAM-iN kUN-MKHYEN
         CHEN-PO. hE PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON AND ATTA-iNED GREAT W-iSDOM
         (MAHA-JNANA/ YE-SES CHEN-PO). h-iS D-iSC-iPLE ~O-LUN MtShO-
         KHA BA BENEF-iTTED NUMEROUS L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS W-iTh ThE HE!P OF
         PRECEPTS OF ThE sADANGA-YOGA. tHE D-iSC-iPLE OF r-iN-CHEN
         TShUL-KHR-iMS-PA/ ThE dHARMASVAM-iN BsOD-NAMS RGYAL-MTShAN
         POSSESSED A PERFECT KNOWLEDGE OF ThE sADANGA-YOGA AND GU-iDED
         NUMEROUS D-iSC-iPLES. aGA-iN/ ThE D-iSC-iPLE OF kUN-MKHYEN
         CHEN-PO/ '~AM-DBYANS BlO-GTOS RGYAL-TNTShAN/ KNOWN AS SmAN-
         CHU-KHA-PA/ LOOKED AFTER MANY D-iSC-iPLES W-iTh ThE HELP OF
                                                                          p.783
         -iN-iT-iAT-iONS/ BY PREACH-iNG TO ThEM ThE tANTRA/ BY ~XPOS-iT-iONS/
         AND H-iDDEN PRECEPTS. h-iS D-iSC-iPLE TL~E dHARMASVAM-iN Sm-i-
         R-i-BA FOUNDED ThE MONASTERY OF Sm-i-R-i. hE -iNTRODUCED MANY
         D-iSC-iPLES TO MED-iTAT-iON. tHERE WERE ABOUT E-iGHTY OF ThOSE
         WHO OBSERVED A YEARLY SECLUS-iON (LO-MTSLLAMS-PA~. eVEN
         NOWADAYS Th-iS RULE HAS NOT BEEN -iN~R-iNGED. fURThER/ TLLE
         D-iSC-iPLE ~F bYAN-SEMS RGYAL-YE/ ThE KALYANA-LLL-iTRA WHO WAS
         BORN AT dAR-YUL bYE-MA/ AND WHO WAS A D-iSC-iPLE OF StAG-LUN
         r-iN-PO-CHE sANS-RGYAS-DPAL AND OF ~O-PA dAT-SE/ OBTA-iNED
         ThE H-iD~LEN PRECEPTS OF ThE sADANGA-YOGA FTOM bYAN-CHUB
         SEMS-DPA' RgYAL-BA YE-SES. ~;E V-iS-iTED wU-T~A-i-ShAN (k-i-BO
         RTSE-L-i-iA) AND OThER PLACES/ PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON AND W~S KNOWN
         TO HA~/E BEEN A S-iDDHA. hE SPREAD ThE dOCTR-iNE OF ThE
         sADAL-iGA-YOGA -iN ThE nORThERN qUARTERS. a D-iSC-iPLE OF yON-
         TAN RGYA-MTShO-BA AND r-iN-PO-CHE ~ES-RAB 'B~-i-iN-PA/ NAMED
         sE-i;-GE-DPAL/ PROYAGATED ThE dOCTR-iNE OF TL~E sADANGA-YOGA -iN
         CHE nORThERLi qUARTER.
            bO-DON r-iN-PO-CHE f<-iN-CHELL RTSE-MO/ WHO HAD BECOME ONE
         OF T6E N-iNE ~SONS" OF G~AL-Z-iG/ OBTA-iNECL ThE EXPOS-i~-iON OF
         ThE kALACAKRA AND ALL -iTS H-iDDEN PTECEPTS FROM ThE BlA-MA
         sE-MO-CHE-BA. hE ALSO ERECTED A LARGE -iMA~E WH-iCH BECAME
   (14A) KNOWN BY ThE NAME OF dUS-'KHOR lHA-MO-CNE OF bO-DON r-iN-
         RTSE. hE REC-iTED D-iL-iGENTLY LO/OOO/OOO MANTRAS W-iThOUT LEAV-iNG
         LL-iS MAT. wH-iLE HE WAS MAK-iNG OBLAT-iONS (HOMA)/ T6E T~AMES
         ASSUMED ThE ShAPE OF AUSP-iC-iOUS S-iGNS/ SUCH AS ThE LUCKY
         D-iAGRAM (STLVATSA/ DPAL-BE'U)/ ThE SVAST-iKA (GYU-i-i.DRUN
         'KHY-iL BA) ETC. hE USED TO PREACH ThE kALACAKRA/ ~ND HAD
         NUMEROLLS D-iSC-iPLES. iN PARR-iCULAR/ ThETE APPEARED 18 ~PARASOL
         L~OLDERS' (G~LUGS-ThLHG-PA). hC BESTOWED GU-iDANCE/ AND HAD
         ~L-iSC-iL)LES POSSESS-iNG M-iRACULOUS POWERS. aT TLLE AGE OF
         LLE PROCEEDED TO ~A-iNBHALA.
         bO-DON r-iN-PO-CHE'S D-iSC-iPLE StAG-SDE-BA sEN-GE RGYAL-
         MTSLLANaH HE WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR wATER-mALE-aPE (CHU-PHO-
         SPRE'U--1212 a.d.) AT pHA-L-i-LUN. hE OBTA-iNED FROM ThE p~O-
         DON r-iN-PO-CHE ThE pRAJNAPARAM-iTA/ ThE pRAMANA (lOG-iC)/ AND
         ThE aBH-iDHARMA/ AND ESPEC-iALLY ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON
                                                                          p.784
         OF ThE kALACAKRA TOGEThER W-iTh -iTS H-iDDEN PRECEPTS. aFTER
         ThE DEATh O~ ThE dHARMASVAM-iN/ HE TOOK OVER NUMEROUS
         MONASTER-iES/ SUCH AS lOG-GRON AND OThERS/ AND PREACHED ThERE.
         hE HAD MANY LEARNED D-iSC-iYLES/ SUCH AS ThE BROThERS ~ON/
         DkON-GZON/ ThE sEN-iOR AND jUN-iOR ~HE-CHUN)/ tHUR-SE/ ThE
         sEN-iOR AND jUN-iOR/ AND OThERS. aMONG H-iS EARLY D-iSC-iPLES
         ThERE WERE 1 3 ~HOLDERS OF ThE pARASOL' (GDUGS-ThEG-PA).
         lATER SnA-TShA-RO-i-i-PA ~ER-GZON/ StAG-SDE-BA BRtSON-RGYAL/
         ThE BlA-MA DgE-'DUN-BRTAN/ ThE UPADHYAYA yON-MGON/ AND
         OThERS OBTA-iNED -iN-iT-iAT-iONS (FROM H-iM). tHESE D-iSC-iPLES
         SURPASSED -iN LEARN-iNG ThE tEACHER H-iMSEL~. hE PASSED AWAY
         AT ThE AGE OF 83 ON ThE 8Th DAY O~ ThE t-iSYA MONTh (RgYAL)
         OF ThE YEAR wOOD-mALE-hORSE (S-iN-PHO-RTA--1294 a.d.).
         ~ON-STON RdO-R~E RGYAL-~NTShAN/ BORN AT bON-RA O~ SpYAD-LUNS
         ~AR-KHA/ STUD-iED UNDER StAG-SDE-BA NUMEROUS SASTRAS/ SUCH AS
         lOG-iC (pRAMANA)/ ETC. hAV-iNG COP-iED ABOUT FORTY PAGES OF
         ThE kALACAKRA/ HE PRESENTED ThEM AS REMUNERAT-iON/ AND ThUS
         OBTA-iNED ThE COMPLETE -iN-iT-iAT-iON -iNTO ThE kALACAKRA. hE ALSO
         L-iSTENED TO ThE EXPOS-iT-iON O~ ~HE tANTRA AND -iTS cOMMENTARY
         (w-iMALAPTABHA)/ BASED ON ThE TRANSLAT-iON OF 'bRO (LO-TSA-BA).
         hE STUD-iED UNDER gRO-LUN-PA MdO-SDE RGYAL-MTShAN MANY
         tANTR-iC TREAT-iSES (SASTRAS) AND ASTROLOGY. wHEN ThC BlA-MA
   (14B) 'pHAGS-PA RETURNED TO t-iBET/ HE PRESENTED H-iM W-iTh A WELL-
         COMPOSED SLOKA O~ PRA-iSE. hAV-iNG SA-iD ThAT HE -iNTENDED
         GO-iNG TO STUDY ThE WOTK OF A TRANSLATOR/ HE BEGGED 'pHAGS-PA
         TO SEND H-iM ON (TO iND-iA)/ AND ThE LATTER SA-iDH ~LT -iS A GOOD
         -iDEA ! bUT -iT -iS D-iFF-iCULT TO ACQU-iRE ThE AB-iL-iTY OF TRANSLAT-iNG
         NEW TCXTS. sT~DY WELL AND -iNTERROGATE PAND-iTAS. bECAUSE
         OF ThE ShORTNCSS OF MY STUDY W-iTh ThE dHARMASVAM-iN/ i DO NOE
         KNOW PROPERLY ThE SdEBS-SBYOR ME-TOG-G-i CHUN-PO (A TREAT-iSE
         ON PROSODY) COMPOSED BY ThE lORD H-iMSELF (sA-SKYA PAN-CHEN)/
         ThE tSh-iG ~-i GTER (NAME OF A GTAMMAT-iCAL WORK BY sA-SKYA
         YAN-CHEN)/ AND OThER TCXTS. tHERE~ORE YOU ShOULD AT ANY
         RATE MASTER ThEM ! " SAY-iNG SO/ HE GAVE H-iLN ThE ABOVE MEN-
         T-iONED BOOKS/ F-iVE GOLDEN SRANS/ AND TEN P-iECES OF S-iLK. hAV-iNG
         REACHED nEPAL/ HE ATTENDCD FOR F-iVE YEARS ON ThE PAND-iT;L
                                                                          p.785
         mAHENDRABHADRA AND MASTERED ThE F-iVE LESSER SCLENCES (M--iON
         BR~OD/ SNAN-NAG/ SDEBS-SBYOR/ ZLOS-GAR/ AND RTS-iS). hE ES-
         PEC-iALLY STUD-iED ThE SC-iENRE OF GRAMMAR. tHEN HE PROCEEDED
         TO sA-SKYA/ AND PREPARED A GOOD TRANSLAT-iON OF ThE sR-i-
         kALACAKRA-tANTRA TOGEThER W-iTh -iTS COMMENTARY (w-iMALA-
         PRABHA). tH-iS (TRANSLAT-iON~ WAS SEEN BY ThE pREC-iOUS 'pHAGS-
         PA WHO SENT H-iM A LETTER PRA-iS-iNG H-iM BECAUSC '~HE POSSESSED
         BETTER FACULT-iES ThAN ThE LO-TSA-BAS WHO HAD PREV-iOUSLY
         TRANSLATED ThE kALACAKRA-tANTRA". sO~ STON) TR~NSLATED FOR
         ThE F-iRST T-iME ThE DpAG-BSAM 'KHR-i-S-iN (bODH-iSATTVAVADANA
         KALPALATA/ tG. SkYES-RABS/ nO. 4155)/ AS WELL AS CORRECTED
         SOME OThER TRANSLAT-iONS. hE 3150 -iNTRODUCCD ThE STUTY OF
         sANSKR-iT GRAMMAR/ PROSODY/ AND LEX-iCOLOGY (-iN t-iBET). hE
         TAUGHT ThE WORK OF A TRANSLATOR TO H-iS OWN YOUNGER BROThER
         sON BlO-GROS BRTAN-PA/ AND PREACHED ThE kALACAKRA-tANTRA
         AND -iTS cOMMENTARY. BlO-BRTAN YREACHED -iT TO SgRA-TShAD-PA
         r-iN-CHEN RGYAL-MTShAN AND TO ThE LO-TSA-BA M~HOG-LDAN.
         /~AM.DBYANS SkY-i-STON OBTA-iNED -iT FROM ThE LATTER/ AND kUN-
         MKHYEN CHEN-PO (sES-RAB RGYAL-MTShAN~ OBTA-iNED -iT FROM
         H-iM.
            fURThER/ ThE BlA-MA DpAL-LDAN sEL-i-GE-BA/ KNOWN TO
         HAVE BEEN LEARNED -iN ThE ~sEVEN tREAT-iSES ON lOG-iC"
         (tShAD-MA-SDE-BDUN) WH-iCH HE HAD STUD-iCD UNDER ThE LO-
         TSA-BA M~HHOG-LDAN/ OBTA-iNED ThEM ( ThE kALACAKRA-tANTRA
   (15A) AND ThE w-iMALAPRABHA) -iN ThE TRANSLAT-iON O~ ~ON. hE ALSO
         OBTA-iNED ThE TRANSLAT-iON BY rWA FROM rON-PA ~ES-RAB
         SEL;-GE. kUN-SPANS (~HOS-dRAGS DPAL-BZAN-PO OBTA-iNED FROM
         H-iM ThE COMPLETE EXPOS-iT-iON ( OF ThE SYSTEM ) ACCORD-iNG
         TO ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON R-iTE AND TRANSLAT-iON BY ~ON. aGA-iN/ kUN-
         MKLLYEN 'dZ-iMS-PA OBTA-iNED ( ThE kALACAKRA ) FROM Mi~ON-
         GRA-BA r-iN-CLLEN RTSE-N O. fROM H-iM AND FROM ThE BLA-MA
         RgWA-LO ThE COMPLETE METhODS OF 'bRO AND rWA WERE OBTA-iNED
         BY ThE MONK tShUL-KHR-iMS-'BAR/ A NAT-iVE OF DBuS.
         dUS 'KHOR BA yE-SES R-iN-CHEN OBTA-iNED -iT FROM ThE LATTER.
         kUN-MKHYEN yON-TAN RGYA-MTShO OBTA-iNED -iT FROM H-iM. aGA-iN/
         ThE lORD OF sCHOLARS (MkHAS-PA-I DBAN-PO) DpAN BlO-GROS BRTAN-
                                                                          p.706
         PA OBTA-iNED -iT FROM StAG-SDE-BA (DpAN BlO-GROS BRTAN-PA/ AND
         H-iS BROThER sON-STON RdO-R~ERGYAL-MTShAN ARE CONS-iDERED To HAVE
         BEEN ThE FOUNDERS OF PH-iLOLOG-iCAL STUD-iES -iN t-iBET (R-iG-GNAS
         -iNCLUDES GRAMMAR/ PROSODY/ ETC. (). hE WAS BORN -iN
         ThE YEAR f-iRC-mALE-mOUSE (ME-PHO-BY-i-BA--1276 a.d.) AT
         SOUTh kHYAM OF lA-STOD. h-iS MOThER HAV-iNG D-iED EARLY/ HE
         WAS BROUGHT UP ON ShEEY'S M-iLK. iN H-iS CH-iLDHOOD/ ThE
         dHARiNASVAM-iN bYAN-GL-i~;-PA AND ThC MAHAS-iDDHA u-RGYAN-PA
         LOOKED AFTCR H-iM/ SAY-iNGH ~'HE W-iLL BECOME A GTEAT KALYANA-
         M-iTRA!" aT ThE AGE OF 7/ HE WAS O~DA-iNED BY ThE MAHA-
         UPADHYAYA GsER-KHAN-YA AND mE-STON 'dUL-'DZ-iN/ AND STUD-iED
         ThE w-iNAYA (pRAT-iMOKSA-SUTRA). aT ThE AGE OF 13/ HE MADE A
         NEW EXPOS-iT-iON OF -iT. tHEN HAV-iNG HEARD OF ThE FAME OF
         StAG-SDE-BA/ HE PROCEEDED TO tShA-SNA/ ~ND OBTA-iNED MANY
         p-iTAKAS OF ThE tANTRA AND sUTRA CLASSES FROM StAG-SDE-BA. hE
         ESPEC-iALLY MASTERED ThE kALACAKRA. wHEN HE REACHED ThE
         AGE OF 19/ StAG-SDE-BA D-iED. hE STUD-iED W-iTh ThE LO-TSA-BA
         M~HOG-LDAN ThE kA-LA-~A (tG. SgR~/ nO. 4~82) AND ThE
         cANDRA-PA (tG.SgRA/ nO- 4~.69). hE ALSO STUD-iED ThE kAVYA-
         DATSA (S~AN-SNAGS ME-LON/ tG. sGTA/ nO. 4301). hE LEARNED
         ThE pRAKRTA }ANGUAGE FROM ThE a-TSA-RAS (ACARYA? WHOM HE
         CHANCED TO N~EET. fROM A T-iME HE BECAME A GREAT TRANSLATOR.
         oN SEVEN OCCAS-iONS HE V-iS-iTED nEPAL. hE TRANSLATED AND
         REV-iSED ThE TRANSLAT-iONS OF NUMEROUS TEXTS OF ThE tANTRA AND
         sUTTA CLASSES. hE ALSO COMPOSED NUMEROLLS COMMENTAR-iES
         ON lOG-iC (pTAMANA)/ aBH-iDHARMA/ AND (OThER) BRANCHES OF
         KNOWLEDGE. iN ShORT/ DUR-iNG H-iS L-iFE-T-iME ThERE WAS NO BETRER
         SCHOLAR Th~N HE. lATER HE PROCEEDED TO DBuS AND OPENED
   (15B) ThE MENTAL ~YES OF NUMEROUS p-iTAKADHAR~S AT nE'U-ThOG/ gUN-
         ThAN/ StAG-LUN/ AND OThER MONASTER-iES. tHE GREAT DESCEND~NTS
         OF DpAL sA-SKYA-PA/ SUCH AS '~AM-PA-I DBYANS dON-YOD RGYAL-
         MTShAN/ H-iS BROThER AND OThERS ShOWED H-iM RESPECT ON OThER
         OCC~-iS-iONS/ ALSO WLLEN HE WAS NOT PRE~CH-iNG ThE dOCTR-iNE. hE
         LLSO ~CTED FOR A ShORT WH-iLE ;L5 ABBOT OF ThE MONASTERY OF
         bO-DON-YE. wH-iLE ThE dHARMASVAM-iN BsOD-NAMS RGYAL-
         MTShLRL WAS L-iSTEN-iN~ TO ThE REC-iTAT-iON OF ThE TEXT OF ThE
                                                                          p.787
         PERM-iSS-iON (LUL-i) OF ThC cOMMENTARY O~L TL~E k;~L~CAKT3
         tANTRA/ HC -iNS-iSTCD ThAT L1c SLLOULD PRACT-iSE -iT -iN REAL E~RL-EST.
         i~E SPENT A LONG T-iME AT GnAS-PO-CHE AND PREACHCD L--iS METhOD
         OF MED-iTAT-iON/ AND H-iS FAME SPT~AD UPWARDS AS FAR AS
         yA-TSE (M~A'-R-iS)/ AND DOWNW~RDS AS FAR ~S cH-iNA. hAV-iNG COM-
         PLETED H-iS 6BOURS FOR ThE WELFATE OF OThETS/ HE PASSED AWAY AT ThE
         ;~GE OF 67 -iN ThE YEAT OF wATER-mALE-~ORSE (CHU-PHO-RTA--1342
         a.L~.). DpAL-LDAN bYAN-CHUB RTS~-MO OBTA-iN~D/ (ThE SYSTCM) FROM
         TLLE SCLiOLAR DpiN/ WHOSE NEPHEW HE WAS. hE WAS BORN -iN TLLE
         YEAR wATER-fEMALE-hARE (CHU-MO-YOS--1243 a.d.) -iN sOU-
         ThERN lA-STOD. iN H-iS CH-iLDHOOD HE BECALdE ThE D-iSC-iPLE OF ThE
         wEN~RABLC DpAN AND MASTERED ThE ThREE p-iTAKAS/ ThC PREC-iOUS
         CLASS OF ThE tANT AS/ AND ThE sANSKR-iT LANGUAGC. hE ALSO
         STUD-iED ThE ~ESSER SC-iENCES/ HiND MASTERED ThEM ALL. bY ORDER
         OF DpAL-LDAN BlA-MA dAM-PA HE BCCAME ABBOT OF bO-DON.
         ~tHEN DpALLDAN BlA-MA dAM-PA PROCECDED TO ThE iMPET-iAL
         cOL-iRT/ HE ATT~NDED ON H-iM AS FAT AS StAG-LUN. tHE StAG-
         i~LN r-iN-PO-CHE rATNAKATA MADE ThE FOLLOW-iNG TEQU~ST TO DpAL-
         LD~N BlA-MA dAM-PAH ~KT Th-iS LO-TSA-BA RtSE-MO ACT AS
         PRECEPTOR OF MY NEPHEW". BlA-MA dAM-PA AGRE~D/ SAY-iNG
         HE WAS AT L-iBERTY TO DO SO. L~E ONE KNOWN AS nEPHEW nAM-
         MKHA' DPAL-BZAN-PO WAS AN -iNCARNAT-iON OF dHATMESVA~A/ SON
   (16A) OF y~-i-MO. hE R~COLLCCTED CLEARLY ALL FORMER EVENTS. RtSE-
         MO BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE cOMMENTARY ON ThE kALACAKRA-
         tANTRA (w-iMALAPRABHA) TOGEThER W-iTh ThE H-iDDEN PRECEPTS/
         AND OThER DOCTR-iNES. nAM-M~HA' DPAL-BZAN PC~ BECAME AN
         UNR-iVALLED GRCAT SCHOLAR AND WROTE MANY TREAT-iSES. lATER/ WHEN
         RES-iD-iNG AT ThE MONASTETY OF StAG-LUN/ HE ENTTUSTED ThE
         MoR-iASTERY TO BkRA-S-iS DPAL-BRTSEGS/ AND H-iMSELF CONCENTRATED
         ON MED-iTAT-iON ONLY -iN ThE MANS-iON CALLED tHAN-LHA-MDZOD.
         lATET ThE GREAT i~TSA-BA (iC-CHEN~ STAYED AT yAR-KLUNS/ GdAN-
         53 tHEL/ AND gUN-ThAN/ AND SA~;ED NUMCROUS SCHOLARS BY A
         ShOWET OF REL-iG-iON/ WH-iCH -iNCLUDED ThE sRL-kALACAKTA AND OThER
         SYSTEMS iN PART-iCULAR/ SpYAN-SNA gRAGS-PA bYAN-CHUB-PA
         OBTA-iN~D MANY DOCTR-iNES (~ROM H-iM). hE SAW ThE GREAR LO-TSA-
         BA MED-iT;LT-iNG BY DAY AND BY N-iGHT/ W-iThOLLT LEAV-iN~ -iT/ AND
                                                                          p.788
         -iM-iTAT-iNG H-iS EXAMPLE/ HE STAYED ALONE -iN DARKNESS -iN A SMALL
         HUT/ AND DEVOTED H-iMSELF SOLELY TO M-iND CONCENTRAT-iON. aFTER
         ThAT H~ JOURNEYED TOWARDS GtSAR; AND STAYED AT ~HU-M-iG r-iN-
         MO. hE ESTABL-iShED MANY D-iSC-iPLES -iN -iN-iT-iAT-iON/ AND GAVE
         ThEM H-iS GU-iDANCE/ AND PASSED AWAY AT ThE AGE OF 78 -iN ThE
         YEAR iRON-mALE-aPE (iCAGS-PHO-SPRE'U--1320 a.d.).
         tHE LO-TSA-BA nAM-MKHA' BZAN-PO/ A D-iSC-iPLE OF ThE
         GREAT LO-TSA-BA/ WHO WAS LEARNED -iN gRAMMAR/ lOG-iC/ AND ThE
         k31ACAKRA/ ALSO ATTENDED ON ThE GREAT LO-TSA BA (bYAN-CHUB
         RTSE-MO)/ AND PREACHED EXTENS-iVELY ThE kALACAKRA -iN OThER
         LOCAL-iT-iES/ tHE NEPHEW OF ThE GREAT LO-TSA-BA/ ThE LO-TSA-BA
         gRAGS-PA RGYAL-MTShAN AND H-iS NEPHEW DpAL '~-iGS-MED
         GRAGS-PA ACCEPTED ThE DOCTR-iNES OF FORMER TEACHERS/ AND WLTh
         ThE HELP OF ThE-iR LEARNED LABOURS/ WORKED FOR ThE WELFARE
         O~ NUMEROUS D-iSC-iPLES/ AND BECAME mASTERS OF ThE dOCTR-iNE.
         tH-iS '~-iG~MED GTAGS-PA WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR wOOD-fEMALE-
         hARE (S-iN-MO-YOS--1315 a. d.) AND PASSED AWAY AT ThE
         AGE 77 -iN ThE YEAR iRON-fEMALE-sHEEP (LCAGS-MO-LLLG--
         i391 a.d.). iT ALSO STATED ThAT HE WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR
         wATER-fEMALE-oX ~CHU-MO-GLAN--L 3 1 3 a.d.~. tHE D-iSC-iPLES
         OF DpAL '~-iGS-MED GRAGS-PA/ WHO WERE DEVOTED TO ThE-iR
   (16B) TEACHER/ AND WHO WERE CONT-iN~LOUSLY PRA-iS-iNG H-iM/ WERE ThE
         lORD OF mEN (m-i-I BDAG-PO) RnAM-RGYAL GRAGS-PA/ WHO
         WAS VERY LEARNED/ AND ThE GREAT SCHOLAR BsOD NAMS RNAM-PAR
         RGYALBA.
            BsOD-RNAM-PAR RGYAL-BAH HE AT F-iRST STUD-iED MAH-Y p-iTAKAS/
         AND HAV-iNG BECOME A LEARNED MAN/ HE PROCEEDED TO yAR-'BROG
         TO V-iS-iT '~-iGS-MED GRAGS-PA/ AND HEARD MANY DOCTR-iNES FROM
         H-iM.
            hE HAD GREAE FA-iTh -iN H-iS -iNTERPRETAT-iON OF ThE ESSENCE OF
         ThE tANTRAS. ~iE COMPOSED NUMEROUS TREAT-iSES/ HEADED BY A
         cOMMENTARY ON ThE kALACAKRA -iN SEVEN VOLUMES AND A DETA-iLED
         EXPOS-iT-iON OF tANTR-iC VOWS (GsAN-SR;AGS-KY-i DAM-TSh-iG) OF MORE
         ThAN TEN PAGES. fURThER/ HE L-iSTENED TO ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE
         kALACAKRA PROPER BY dON-GRUB KUN-DGA'/ A SCHOLAR WHO HAD
         STUD-iED FOR A LON~ T-iME ThE SYSTEM O~ kALACAKRA.
                                                                          p.789
            nOW (HERE -iS AN ACCOUNT) OF (ThE SCHOOL) WH-iCH -iS KNOWN
         AS ThE TRAD-iT-iON OF rWA OF sRL-kALACAKRAH tHE ACARYA tS-i-LU-PA
         HAV-iNG F-iRST OBTA-iNCD ThE kALACAKRA/ H-iS D-iSC-iPLE WAS BsOD-
         SNOMS-PA (p-iNDO); ThE LATTER'S D-iSC-iPLE WAS kALACAKRAPADA/ ThE
         sEN-iOR ~dUS-ZABS-PA CHE-BA); ThE LATTER'S D-iSC-iPLE--kALACAKRAPADA/
         ThE jUN-iOR (dUS-ZABS-PA CHUN-BA3; ThC LATTER'S D-iSC-iPLE--mANJU-
         KLRT-i; ThE LATTER'S D-iSC-iPLE--ThE PAND-iTA sAMANTASRL OF yE-RAN -iN
         nEPAL. rWA L~TSA-BA RdO-R~E GRAGS-PA'S NEPHEW/ NAMED rWA
         ~HOS-RAB WAS VERY LEARNED -iN ThE tANTRA CLASS. hE ESPEC-iALLY
         MASTERED ThE DOCTR-iNES POSSESSED BY rWA RdO-R~E GRAGS-PA/
         -iNV-iTED TO t-iBET ThE PAND-iTA sAMANTASRL/ AND ~ASS-iSTCD BY H-iM)
         MADE A GOOD ORANSLAT-iON OF ThE kALACAKRA-tANTRA TOGEThER W-iTL
         -iTS cOmMENTA~Y--ThE w-iMALAPRABHA/ AND LLSTENED TO -iTS EXPOS-i-
         T-iON. hE ALSO TRANSLATED MANY BRANCHES OF ThE kALACAKRA/
         PLEASED ThE PAND-iTA W-iTh H-iS OF~ER-iNGS/ AND ESCORTED H-iM AS FAR
         AS nEPAL. tHE PAND-iTA WAS PLEASED AND PRESENTED H-iM ThE HH-iT
         OF 'bUM-PHTAG GSUM-PA (sTh-iRAPALA. 'bUM-PHRAG GSUM-PA/
         SEEMS TO BE A T-iTLE G-iVEN TO H-iM/ BECAUSE HE HAD MEMOR-iZED
         300/000 SLOKAS). hAV-iNG GONE TO DBuS/ HE LABOURED EXTEN-
         S-iVELY FOR ThE WELFARE OF NUMEROUS -iNaHAB-iTANTS OF kHAMS AND
         DBuS. hE PREACHED ThE DOCTR-iNES/ ESPEC-iALLY ThE kALACAKRA/
         TO rWA yE-SES SEN-GE. tHE LATTER TAUGHT -iT TO rWA 'bUM-SEN/
   (17A) WHO (TAUGHT -iT) TO ThE wENERABLE RgWA-LO (-TSA-BA).
            RgWA-LO wHEN DUR-iNG ThE RE-iGN OF kL~R-i-STON LDE-
         BTSAN/ K-iNG OF t-iBET/ SbA GsAL-SNAN AND sAN-S-i WERE
         SENT AS E~LVOYS TO -iNy-iTE bUDDH-iST MONKS (HWA-SAN) FRON~
         cH-iNA/ ThEY -iNV-iTED ONE m-i-NAG (A NAT-iVE OF m-i-NAG) WHO
         HAD BEEN A HWA-SAN/ AND ThE K-iNG MADE H-im H-iS CHAPLA-iN
         (MCHOD-GNAS).
            aMONG ThE l-iNCAGE OF NUMEROUS MANORADHARAS WHO HAD
         PRACT-iSED Th~ TEACH-iNGS OF ThE BAS-iC TEXTS OF ThC mAHAYANA//
         WCREH AT yAR-'BROG-SGAN-m-i-~AG G~ON-NU SN-iN-PO/ H-iS SON
         G~ON-NU sEN~E/ AND ThE LATTER'S SON r-iG-'DZ-iN SN-iN-PO. WHO
         SETTLED -iN ThE COUNTRY OF RgYA-MA OF rON. h-iS SON RdO-
         RjE SEN-GE TOOK OVER MkHAR-PHUG OF rON. tHE ELDES~ OF H-iS
         FOUR SONS/ NAMED yE-SES RDO-R~E/ WAS A LE~NED MAN/
                                                                          p.790
         AND ATTA-iNED SP-iR-iTUAL REAL-iZLT-iOL~. hC TOOK OVER ThE MON~STERY
         OF DbEN-DMAR/ ThE SEAT OF ONC CALLED DbAN-PHYUG RGYAL-P;L/
         WHO HAD OBTA-iNCD ThC S-iDDL-i-i W-iTh ThE HELP O~ PRECEPTS KNOWN
         AS ThE DByUG-CHOS OF ThE mAHAMUDRA (DByUG-CHOS MEANS A
         SECRET DOCTR-iNE WR-iTTEN ON A ROLL OF PAPER/ AND H-iDDEN -iL-S-iDE
         BjN-BOO ST-iCK/ USED AS A WALK-iNG STA~ BY YOG-iNS). RgWA-LO
         ~AS BORN TO H-iM -iN ThE YEAR wATER-fEMALC-hOG (CHU-MO-PHHLG
         --1~03 a.d.). oN BE-iNG RECOGN-iZED AS AN -iNC~RNAT-iON OF
         RgWA-LO/ HE WAS CALLCD RgWA-LO. h-iS RELL NAMC WAS RnAM-
         RGYAL RD~R~E. iN H-iS CH-iLDHOOD HC MET ThE kHA-CHE P~-i1-CBCL~
         (~AKYASR-i) AT ~UR-SMR-iG/ WHO PERCE-iVCD ThAT HE WAS TO BECOMC
         A REMARK~BLE M~N. hE (sAKYASR~) TOOK ThE BOY W-iTh H-iS HAL-D
         ~ND PRONOUNCED AN AUSP-iC-iOUS SLOKA. dUR-iNG H-iS STUD-iES/
         TLLE BOY BEC~-iNE AFFL-iCTE(L BY ThE ~ K-iNG" (RgYAL-PO/ A DEMOLL
         OF ThE GnAS-BYU-i1 CHOS-SK! OL; CLASS). hE PROCEEDED ~O tL~AR-~A
         TO (-iNTER~/-iEW) DpYAL/ AND ThC A~-iCT-iON LE~ H-iM. tHCRE FOR
         ThREE YCARS HE STLLD-iCD ThE sANSKR-iT ~LPHABET. hE L-iSTENED TO
         ThE EXPOS-iT-iON O~ ThE hEVAJRA AND (wAJRA~ VARAH; cYCLCS/ ALLD
         AFTETWARDS PREA;HCD ThEM. aLL WERE F-iLLCD W-iTh AM~ZEMETLT.
         ~HROM rWA 'bUM-SEN HE OBA-iNCD ThE DOCTR-iLLCS OF ThC iTRAD-iT-iO-i
         Oe rWA/ AND CSPEC-iALLY ThE kALACAKRA. hE PRACT-iSE(L MED-iTAT-iON/
         AND OBTA-iNED ThE PERFECT-iON OF SPEECL~/ ~ND ~A-iNED TLLE FACULTY
         O~ COMPOS-iNG NCW MANTRAS. hC TAUGLLT ThE kAL~C;~L-iRA ~ND
         HAD MANY D-iSC-iPLCS. hC D-iED ~T ThC AGC O~ 80 iN ThC ~C~R
         wOOD-hORSE (CHU-RTA--L28A L~.d.). h-iS CH-iEF D-iSC-iPLC ~WAS)
         TLLE wER-iERABLE ~ViAN-LUR-iS-PA/ ThC gRC~T (A FAMOL-iS t-iBET~N
         -iLGR-iM WHO WROTE ;L LENGThY ACCOULLT OF ThC HOL~ PLA~HES OF
         iND-i~ N-LU;LS-PA-I LAM-Y-iG!/ ON WH-iCH Th~ b!~N sAMBD-LA/-i
         LAM-~ BY Dp~L-LD~N yC-SES/ TL1C tH-iRL p~N-CHEN L)l.i--i--L OF
         BkR~-S-iS LHU-i--PO/ WAS BASCD~. hC UAS BORN -iN TLL~ YCLR
         i ~RTh fEMLLC-hOG TSA-MO-PHAG--1239 a.d.). iN ThC YC~R
         iRON-mALC-mOUSC (LC;LGS-PHO-B~ BA--1300 a.d.) HE TOOK TL1C
         ~OW -iN FRONT O~ ThE mAHABODH-i AT wLJRASANL NOT TO PARTAKC
         Oe MORC Th?N A S-iNGLE GRA-iN OF R-iCE AND 3 DROP O~ W~TER PCR
         DLY/ WH-iLE EXPEC~-iN~/ A PROPHCCY BY ThE m;LHABODH-i -iMAGE
         oN ThE 12TL- DAY (A~TCR H-iS ~OW) ThC L-~ST POL-iRCD soiNc
                                                                          p.791
         WATER OVER 6-iS LLEAD BUT HE SCARCELY FELT -iT. oN TLLE 18Th
         DAY TL~E mAL~ABODLL-i (-iMAGE) SPOKE TO H-iLLL/ sHLY-i-iLGH ''o SON
         O~ NOBLE FALN-iLY! pROCEED TO mO~LNT pOTALA/ ALLD PRACT-iSE TLLE
         V-iRTUOUS CONDUCT -iN TLLE MANNER O~ bODH-iSATTVAS -iN ThE PRESENCE
         O~ TL~E bOCLLL-iSATTVA aVALOK-iTESVARA". hAV-iNG RECE-iVED TLL-iS
         PROPL~CY/ BE ROSE AND PROCEEDED SOUTLLWARDS. wH-iLE STAY-iNG
         AT TLLE CA-iTYA OF ~RL dH~ ) A KATAKA (gUNTUR d-iSTR-iCT/ mADRAS)/
         A SPL-iNTER O~ SEL-i-LDAL; WOOD (kBLD-iRA/ aCAC-iA CAT~CHU) -iNJURED
         LL-iS FOOT/ AND HE BLED PROFUSELY. aFTER HEAL-iNG H-iS WOUND/ LLE
         OBTA-iLLED ThE pARALLLAKSARASUKL~A (LL~CHOG-TU M-i-'GYUR-BA-I BDE).
         tL~EN ATR-iRED AS AN iND-iALL YOG-iN HE CROSSED OVER ThE SUT~ACE
         O~ ThE oCEAN/ AS -i~ WALK-iNG ON HARD GROUND/ AND PROCEEDED
         TOWARDS pOTALA. RgWA-LO LLAD MANY D-iSC-iPLESH TLLE BlA-M~
         'pLLAGS-~A/ r-iN-PO-CBE kBTO-PLLU-BA/ lHO-PA gRUB SEH/ t6AN-
         STON LO-TSA-BA/ AND OThERS. h-iS ELDEST SON RgYA-GAR GRAGS-PA
         WLLOSE ORD-iNAT-iON NAME WAS BlO ;/Tos NAm MKLLA' DPAL BECAME
         LEARLLE~3 -iN ALL TLLE DOCTR-iNES O~ H-iS FAThER/ -iNCLUD-iNG TLLAT O~
         kALACAKRA/ AND TOOK OVER TLLE MANASTERY OF DBeN-DMAR. hE
         BU-iLT A V-iLLARA/ PERFORMED (TLLERE~ EXTENS-iVE REL-i;/-iOUS WORKS/
         ALLD PASSCD AWAY. h-iS SECOND SON sES-RAB SEN-GE WAS 60RN
         -iN TLLE YEAR iRON-fEMALE-hOG (iCAGS-MO-PLLAG--1251 a d.).
         -iS YOUTLL LLE STUD-iED GRAMMAR (-i E. sALLSKR-iT gRA~ LAR)
         ~D TL~E kALACAKRA. aT ThE AGE OF 16/ HE TA--iGLLT TLLE
         ~ALAC~KRA. aT ThE AGE OF ~O/ LLE L-ROCECDED TO tLLAR-PA
         (S-iTULTED NEAR gYAN~TSE~ AND OBTA-iLLED TLLE DOCTR-iNE FROM DpYAL.
         aT TLLE AGE O~ 22/ LLE CAME TO StAG-SDE SEN-TGYAL
         AND FOR F-iVE YEARS STUD-iED TLLE pRAJNAPAR;~ -iTA AND lOG-iC.
         ~LE BECAME ESL~EC-iALLY LEARNED -iN lOG-iC. hE TOOK YART -iLL
         PL~-iLOSOPLL-iC;-iL DEBARES -iN DBuS AND GtSAN. aT ThE AGE O~ 30/
         L~E WAS ORDA-iNED ;~ND RECE-iVED TL~E F-iNAL N~OLLAST-iC OTD-iNAT-iON -iN
         TLLE PRESENCE OF TLLE BLA-MA ~HOS-RGYAL 'pHAGS-PA A-iLD ThE
   (18A) UPADHYA);L M~ LLS. hE L-iSTENED ThE EX~OS-iT-iO~LS O~ M;~L~Y
         DOCTR-iNES. hE -iNV-iTED TL-iE LO-TSA-BA gRAGS-PA RGYAL-MTSLLAN/
         AND L-iSTCNED TO TLLE EX~OS-iT-iON Oe ThE wAJRAMALA -iN-iT-iA-
         T-iON/ tANTR-iC TCXTS/ -iNCLUD-iNG ThE mANJUSR-iMUL~ATA-iLTRA (kG.
         Rg~UD 'L~ULLL/ nO. 543)/ ETC./ AS WELL AS T6E SmAN-D~YA~-i
                                                                          p.792
         y;~ id 6R~YAD (tLLE ã¹l~-iRL~T BRALLCLLCS O~ ~iCD-iC.-iL ~C-iCLLCC
         tN- ~O-R-i;~-~)A n) 4306). hE T~OL; OVCR TLLC MON~STERY Oe
         DL)eN-DL~LLR ALLD PRCLCL~CD lL~CRC FOR A LOL~lR T-iMC. hE ;LLSO PRE;L-
         CL-CD MANY DOCTT-iNES iT V.LR-iOUS OTL~CR MONLSTER-iCS. sUci~ ~S tL~R-
         ~LA K~LLRO PLLU Bs~M-Y;LS St~ LU-i; G~U kUL~-D~HL RL-B~ ~;U-iS-
         RtSC-GDO-i-i ~LLU-N~-i~ StON-iL~O-LL-i-i-i GyUS-DgA-LDALL ~ND
         OLL~ERS. aT ThE ~GC O~ 41 L~E ENTRUSTCD D6eiL-DMAR TO TLLE
         L~LA-LNA Rd~R~E RBY~L-MTSL~ALL ~ND LL-iNLSELF SETTLED AT DmU. hE
         FOL-iLLDED s~N~BL~;LT (~/tS~N) AND BU-iLT TLLCRE ~ V-iL~AR~. hE
         COL~-iCD TL~E t~L-TR~ SECT-iON O~ (TLLE BkA - RYUR) ~ND T6E w-iN;LY~
         AL~D jA60-i-iRED ~.~R TL~E WEL~ARE OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS. aT L;LST L~E
         L)CSTOWED LN -iLL-iT-iAT-iON OLL TLLE NE~yLY L)OM d6~RLLLASVLM-i
         6~OD~ LLS R3Y~1-MTSLLAN ~ND D-iED AT ThE ~GE O~ 6~ -iLL TLL/
         ~wOO~L-fCLN~LC-h.LRE (S-i-iL-MO-~OS--131J a.d.). hE LLAD
         NY D-iSC-i~)LES ~MOLLG TL~E DCSCELLj~iLTS O~ sA-SKY~-PA/ -iNCLU-
         / TLLE t-i-SRL ~t-i-SLL-iH) kUL~-BLO AND OThERS; NULLLEROUS
         D-i C-iL)LCS AMON~/ GREAT iLLEN AND N~;LNY D-iSC-iPLES WHO WERE
         iC;LN~ED MEN V-iRTUOUS AND BCLLEVOLELLT SUCH AS ThE LO-TS~-BAS
         yAR (yAR KLU-i;S gR;LGS-PA RGY~L-idTShAN) tHAR (tHAR-PA LO-TS~-
         BA ~-i-M.L R/YAL-MTSLL;-iN) Dpii; (Dp~ lO-GROS 6RT~ P~).
         hE L-AD -iN L7ART-iCLL1;LR MANY D-iSC-iL)LES LC~RNED -iN TL~E k;~LAC~KR~.
         tL-E TL--iRD SON (O~ Rgwj 10) TLLE H~CARYA RnAL- L~YOR LOOKCD ARTER
         TL1E couNTRy.  ti]E FoiiiTi1 5011--TLLc Bli-ML aK~R;Ls-iDji1;
         M~STERCD TLLE kAL~CAKR~ ;iCCORD-iN~/ TO TLLE TR;LD-iT-iONS O~ rV.
         ALL~L 13RO ~S WELL AS ThE co-iLL~ Tc sysTELLLs o~ DpYAL-B~ ~ND
         sA-SKYL-PA. h-iS sOLL TLLE BLA-L-iLL RdO-R~E R~/Y~ TSLLAL-i u'js
         L)ORN -iN TLLE YEAR w~TER-fCLLLjLC-sLLCEP (CL~U-N~O-LT~ 283
         a.d.). iN L~-iS YOUTL~ iLE S~U~-iC~L dR~MM.LR ~ W;-iS ORDA-i-iLCD
         B~ L~-i~ LBY~L-iS r-iLL-R~/YAL ~CT-iN~ AS L-iL)/-i~LLY;LYj/ ;iN~L TL-iC
         ACLRY~ sES-GY~L HicT-iLL~ ~is AC;~RYA. aT CL-iE AGE O~ 16 L~E TOOK
         OVCR TL-E MONLSTERY O~ DBeiL-~LM~R. hE M~ T;L-iNED A SCL-iOOL
         (L~SAD-GR~VA) O~ kLLACAKRA ~ND RCCE-iVED ThE F-iN~L MO-iLAST-iC
         ORDLN~T-iON HL ThC PRESENCC OF ThE UP-ijHYA~ N~     8~)
         ~LLC U~       AL SL-i.L-B.L. hC STLLj-ic~i TLLc ~/T.LMLLL~R OF
         c;LNDR;LGOL~ (tSaNDR;L~ (c3LLDR.L~ K~R~ SUTRL~ t~. SgT~/
         nO. 4~69() DND DLT~CRCN~ K-iLLjS O~ H~BCTS W-iTh TL;C tL~R-
                                                                          p.793
         P~ LO-TS;~-BA/ AND STUD-iED ThE aBH-iDH~-iR~ ND M~NY H-iDDEN
         PRECEPTS (UP~DES) AND PROP-iT-i~T-iON R-iTES (S~ N~    LE
         OBTA-iNED FROM ThE 61~-i-M;L ~ES-R~ SEN-GE-BA H-i11 ThE -iNSTTUCT-iONS
         PERTA-iN-iNG TO -iN-iT-i;LT-iON R-iTES/ ESPEC-iALLY ThOSE OF ThE kALACAKRA/
         ~N~L MASTERED ThEM -iN ThE M;~NNER O~ ~ V~SE F-iLLED TO TL~E BR-iM.
         fORTL-i~R/ HE OBT~-iNED FROM TL~E UPA.DHY~YA ~ SL;~-B3 TL~E
         w-iNaHLYH~ ~ND ThE aBH-iDHARMAKOShA. fROM MdZO-PO lL-HLS-P~
         s31;s RGy~s sjoi11-p~ E OBTA-iNED) ThE w;LJRLM~L~/ TR;LNSL~ TCD
         ThROUGL~ ThE l-iNE3GE O~ SgN ~O TS;~-B~/ ThE gUHY;LS;~M;~JHL/
         ThE s;LMVHLR~ cYCLE ~CCOR~L-iNG TO ThE METhOCL OF aUS;L/ H-iDDEN
         RECEPTS OF ThE ~pATh HiND fM-iT" DOCTR-iNE (lAM-'BR.LS)/ CTC. fL-iR-
         ThCR/ L~C STUD-iED M~NY tjNTR~S. hE ;~LSO OBT3-iNE~ FROM sR-i'U
         CLLLLN Pj BlO-LD3N SEL-i-GE ThE gUL1Y~SH-iM3J~/ TL~E yOG~ (t~NTR;L~.
         ThE Gs~N~ N (tG. RgYUD/ n~. 2584)/ ThE Gd;LN-BZ-i (kG.
         RgYUD-'BUM/ nO. 430)/ ~ND OThER TEX~S. Bl~-MHL ~ES-R~B
         SEN-GE HAV-iNG D-iE~L/ HE TOOK O~ER ~.~MBLL~R ~ND DBeN-DM~R.
         fOR ~ LONG T-iME L~E C~RR-iED ON ThE PREACH-iNG OF ThE kALACAKRA.
         aFTER TL~;LT L1c w~5 -iNV-iTED BY ThE gREAT eMPEROR/ BECAUSE H-iS
         F~ME HAD CNCOMP~SSED ~11 QU~RTERS. hE PROCEEDED TO ThE
         iLL.RER-i;.L cOURT -iN ThE dOG YE~R (KHY-i-LO--1310 a.d. tH-iS
         MU5T BE ThE iRON-dOG Y~R (iC~GS-L;HY-i))/ AND -iNST-iLLED FA-iTh
         -iN ThE gRC~T eMPETOT ~ND ~ii iL-iS M-iN-iSTERS. hE D-iED AT ThE
         HiGE Oe 43 -iN ThE ~E.LR wOOD-fEMALE-oX (S-iN-MO-GL~N--1325
         a.d.).
            bU-STON r-iN-PO-CHE OBT~-iNED FROm L~-im TL~E ~ CLKR~. aT
         F-iRST HE STUD-iED W-iTL~ tH~-iR-P~ LO-TSH~-6H1 ThE gR~MM;LR BY
         gN~R;LGOM-iN ~ND M~STERED ThE WORK O~ Hi TR-iNS-i;LTOT. i~E
         FOSR~RED ThE -iNCOMPARABLE H-iDDEN PRCCEL-TS OF ThE s~D;-iNG~-
         Yo;j~Hi WH-iCH WERE TRANSM-iTTED -iN ThE l-iNE~-i;/E O~ aNUP~ R;LK-
         S-iT~ (~LpC-MED-'TShO)/ MCD-iTHLTE~ ND ~ WON~LER~UL EXPER-iENCE WHLS
         PROD~-i~ED -iN H-iM. hE -iNQU-iRED -iNTO NL-iMEROL-iS j-iF~-iCU!T PO-iNTS
         O~ ThE kALACAKRA/ AND COMM-iTTED ThEM TO MEMORY. lATER HE
         V-iS-iTED ThE BLA MA RdO-RJE RGYAL-MTShAN AT ~jMBH~R. dUR-iNG EL~E
         NLNE MONThS OF H-iS RES-iDENCE ThERE/ HE ~-iTTENDED ThE D~-iLY REC-iT~-
         T-iONs O~ ThE cOMME-iLT.-iRY ON ThE t~NTR~ -IM~ PRHLBLL;~)/ H-iND
         TL)EY CONDUCTED DET~-iLED -iNVEST-iGAT-iONS (-iNTO ThE SYSTEM). h~
                                                                          p.794
         ALSO MADE A ThOROUGH STUDY OF ASTROLOGY/ A-iLD STUD-iED ThE
         "LESSER" BRANCHES OF ThE kALACAKRA. fOLLOW-iNG ThE ADV-iCE OF RdO-
         RJE RGYAL-MTShAN/ HE TRANSLATED TLLE cOMMENTARY ON TLLE sEKOD-
         DESA -iN 360 SLOKAS (tG. RgYUD/ nO .1354). hAV-iNG COME TO ~A-
   (19A) LU (GtS~N)/ HE CHOSE ThE kALACAKRA AS ThE SUBJECT OF H-iS SEASONAL 
         PREACH-iNG/ ALL~ PREACHED -iT. hE ALSO COMPOSED mANY TREAT-iS~S
         (SASTRAS) ON ThE kALACAKRA. lARER L-E OBTA-iNE~ NUMEROUS H-iDDEN
         PRECE~TS O~ ThE s;L~L3L;GA YOdA BY ~UN-SPANS-PA/ WL--iCH WERE
         -iN ThE POSSESS-iON Oe TL)E L)LA-MA 'pHAGS-'OD-PA. wH-iLE HE WAS
         WR-iT-iNG DOWN NOTES ON ThE w-iMALA~RLBL~A (cOMMENTARY ON
         ThE tANTRAS E LE~/-iSED ThE TRANSLAT-iON MADE BY ~ON. ~LE
         WROTE -iT OUT PROYERLY/ AFTER -iT HAD BEEN TR~NSLATED BY TWO
         TRANSLATORS ~T ~O-NA-i-i. iN GENERAL/ (ONE CAN SAY) ThAT ALThOUGH
         ThERE ~ERE MANY MEN LEARNED -iN ThE SYSTEM OF ThE
         kALACAKRA/ AS WELL AS MANY S-iCKLHAS/ -iN iLLE DOMA-iN
         OF ThE DETA-iLED EXPOS-iT-iON Oe ThE SYSTEM/ bU H-iMSELF WAS
         PREEM-iNENT/ ThE CL~-iE~ AND ThE BEST. ThROUGH H-iS CONT-iNUOUS
         TEACH-iNG Oe ThE ~cALACAKRA/ HE OBTA-iNED NUMEROUS D-iSC-iPLES/
         ThE CH-iEF AMONG WHE~N WAS DpAL-LD;-iN BLA-M~-i dAM-PA/ WHO
         NEVER LEeT BEH-iND ThE BOOK CONTA-iN-iNG ThE kALACAKRA/ AND
         STUD-iED -iT W-iTh GREAT D-iL-iGENCE EVEN WH-iLE TOUR-iNG ThE COUNTRY.
         hAV-iNG EXAM-iNED ALL ThE cOMMANTAR-iES AND MANY D-iFFERENT
         WORKS TRANSLATED PREV-iOUSLY/ HE WROTE ON AL;LNY BRANCHES OF
         ThE kALACAKRA/ SUCH AS ThE "mAndALA R-iTE" (M~ON-DKY-iL). hE
         ALSO COMPOSED A mAHA-tâŒKA. wH-iLE HE WAS PREACH-iNG -iT ~T
         ~L~E-ThAN/ MORE ThAN 500 SCHOLARS POSSESS-iNG Th-iS TEXT GAThERED
         ThERE. lATER HE MA-LE ~ REV-iS-iON O~ TL-E mAHA-tâŒKA. eVEN
         AT ThE END O~ L~-iS L-iFE/ HE USED TO BESTOW CON~PLETE -iN-iT-iAT-iONS
         ON NUMEROUS GREAT KALYANA-M-iTRAS/ ThOUGH H-iMSELF SUT~ER-iNd
         LROM AN A-iLMENC. tHE dHARMASVAM-iN bU'S SUCCESSOR/ ThE LO-
         T~A-BA r-iN-CHEN RNA-iN-RGYAL-6A ALSO MADE ThE kALACAKRA TL~E
         SUL)JECT O~ H-iS SEASONAL PREACH-iNG/ AND TAUGHT -iT. h-iS sP-iT-iTUAL
         l-iNEAGE EX-iSTS UNT-iL NOW. LHE dHARMASVAM-iN r-iN PO-CHE
         ~ANS-PA kUN-MKHYEN-PO OBTA-iNED ThE COMPLETE cYCLE OF ThE
         kALACAKRA FROM ~;HOS KY-i D~AL-BA OF gON-GSUM BDE-CHEN/ A
         D-iSC-iPLE OF ThE aLL-KNOW-iNo bU (-STON)/ AND BENEF-iTTED NU-
                                                                          p.795
         MEROUS L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS. tHE wENCR~BLE tSOL;-KLLL PA/ ThE
   (19B) gREAT/ ALSO. LLE~RD ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON R-iCES/ ThE EXPOS-iT-iON (OF ThE
         SYSTCM)/ ~ND ThE H-iDDEN PTECEPTS O~ ThE k~L~CAKR~ FROM gCR;-
         GsuiiL BDE-CHEN-P~. hE (tSOT;-KL-~-P~) T~UGL-T ThE COMPLET~
         EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE cOMMENTARY ON ThE tANTRA (w-iMAL~PR~BH~)
         -iN TL~E YE~-iR e~RTh-mALE-dOG (S~-PHO-KY-i--1418 a.d.).
         bE-iNG ~ mASTER OF ThE dOCTR-iNE/ ThE lORD aLL-KNOW-iNG
         (tSON-KL);L-P~'S) PREHLCH-iNG OF ThE SYSTELN ON ~ S-iNGLE occ~s-ioii
         ONLY 6EC~ME L-iKE ~ B~NNET WH-iCH WAS NEVER -LOWERED/ NOT L-iKE
         ThE OThERS WHO L~D PREACHED (ThE SYSTEM) ON ~ HUNDRED O~C~-
         S-iONS. sUCH WAS iLLE STATEMENT 6Y MY RE~CHET. aP/~-iL-/
         FROM BsO~j-N~MS LL~LN-GLUB/ WHO w35 ~ CL~NSMATL Oe ThE~BL;L-
         M~ RdO-R~E RGY~L MRSL-~N/ ThE BLA-MA ~;LG-G-i DB~N PHYUG
         GR~GS-P;L OBT~-iNED ThE ic;~ CLKR~ cYCLE U~-iTh -iTS BRANCHES. hE
         LOOKED Hi[TcT M~NY D-iSC-iPLES/ ~ND W~S LE3RL)E~1 -iN BOTh ThE
         ~L-iRECT ~ND -iND-iRECT N~E~N-iNGS O~ ThE kA6C~KR~ (-iN TBE k~B/-
         CAKRL DR~N-DON OR NEY~-~RTLL~ ME~NS ~ME~N-iNG M~DE E3SY"/
         ~ND CORTESPONDS TO ThE UTP~NN~KRAMA DEGREE; RLES-DON OR
         N-iTA-~RTLL~ MEANS "SUBL-iME MEAN-iNG"/ AND CORRESPONDS TO ThE
         S~MP~NN~KR~ DEGREE). hE L~D ThE FACULTY O~ ~TTRH-iCT-iNG
         ThE M-iN~LS O~ OThERS ã¹~ -iTh ThE L~EL~ OF R-iTES/ SUCH ~S D~NCE AND
         SONG REC-iT-i-iLS/ ETC. hE W~S ~iSO LEHLRNED -iN ~STROLOGY AND
         COMPOSED ~ TRC~T-iSE (S.~STTA) ON -iT. h-iS M~-i!D31A R-iTE RECE-iVED
         GRE~T SPRE~D. tHE dHARMASVAM-iN RgOD-PHRUG R~S-P~ USED
         To 5~Y ThAT ONCE WHEN HE WAS L-iSTEN-iNG TO H-iS EXPOS-iT-iON OF
         ThE GU-iDE T~ ThE s~D/ R-iG~-YOG~/ HE SAW ThE tEACHER AS ~-B~-T-i
         Db~ PHYUG. aGL-iN/ ThE sE LO~TSL B~ G~ON-NU TSh~-iL-KHR-iLdS
         STUD-iED ThE cO~ ENT~RY ON ThE k~L;}C~KR~-t~NTT;L (w-iM~
         PRABHA) ON TWO OCCAS-iONS w-iTh tS~-M -i/ ON ONE OCCLS-iON W-iTh
         aBHAYA/ ON ONE OCCAS-iON W-iTh bL~LSK~R~/ ~ND ThE F-iRST P~TT OF
         ThE cOMMENT~RY W-iTh aBH-iYUKT~-i.
            wH-iLE BOTh aBHAYA AND mâƒâ¤JUKâŒRT-i HAD BEE-iL D-iSC-iPLES OF
         nL-RO-P~/ aBH3Y~ H~D BEEN ALSO A D-iSC-iPLE OF tS~-M-i.
         bLL~SK~R;L W~S ~150 CALLED bL~SK~RH-ijEV;L/ ME~N-iNG ~s~-iN
         GOD'/ ('oD-BYED~ )/ ThE D-iSC-iPLE Oe ~R;~ R;L (Dp~ 'DZ-iN).
         EN sE iC-TSHL B.~ C~ME TO t-iBET/ HE TAUGHT ThE SYSTEM TO
                                                                          p.796
         G~OS d-iLT-M~-'OD. tHE LATTER TAUGHT -iT TO dUS-'KBOR-B~ BkRA-S-iS
         R-iN-CL~EN. tHE LATTER TO dUS-'KHOR-BA s;-i-i;S-R~RY;-iS RDO-R~E. tL E
         LATTER TO ~N u-RGY~N-PA. tHE LATTER TAUd-i~T -iT EXTENS-iVELY
         HAS-iNG H-iMSELF ON ThE TRANSLAT-iON BY tS~-M-i/ ~T lA-STO~L/
         y;LR-KLUNS AND OThER LOC~L-iT-iES. S~E-MdO-BA OBTA-iNED -iT FROM
         gR~LB-CHEN-~L (u-RdY~N-PA)/ ~ND LATTER T~UGHT -iT To ThE
         dHARMASVAM-iN r;-iN-BYUN-B~ (rAL-i-B~!UN TDO-R~E) ~CCORD-iNG TO
   (20A) HE TRANSLAT-iON BY tSA-M-i RgWA LO-TSH-i-BL OBTA-iNED ThE H-iDDEN
         PRECEPTS O~ TL-E sAD~NG3-YOG-i FROM tSL-M-i/ AS WELL ;iS STUD-iED
         -iT UNDER aBHAYA. hE PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON AND ATTA-iNED
         SP-iR-iTL-iAL REAL-iZH-iT-iON (S-iDDH-i). i~-iS F -iME SPTCAD ~S ~AR AS z -iNS-
         G!-i-i-i (~CCORD-iNG To SOME AUThORS--cEYLON/ AccoR~i;Nd TO OThETS--
         tAMRAL-iPT-i)~ hAV-iNG CO-iNE TO t-iBET/ HE BESTOWED eLLESE PRE-
         CEPTS ON ~N-'TShAL-PL LND OTL-ERS. i-LE L;LBO~LRE~j FO-i ThE WELFARE
         Oe OThERS BY BESTOW-iNG -iN-iT-iAT-iONS ~ PRECEL~TS ij~ROL-idHOL-iT
         DBuS/ GtSAN ~ND lOWCR ~ MS. i~E L-iVCD TO ThE ~GE Ol 89.
         adA-iN/ WHEN ThE ~ARD-iTL w-iBHUT-iCAH~RA WAS PRE~CH-iNG
         gRAN~MAR TO H-iBOUT F-i~E D-iSC-iPLES -iN nEYAL/ TL~ERE C;-iME ;i YOG-iL-
         ~VC-iR-iNG A BLACK L-iON-CLOTL~. aT F-iRST TL~E D-iS -iPLES WON~LEREj
         AT L--iM/ AND -iNFORMED ThE PAnd-iTA. tHE LATTER UNDERSTOOD
         ThAT Th-iS WAS ~i-B~-R-i Db N-YHYUd~. ~LE ThE-iL REQUESTE(L TL~E
         YOG-iN TO BESTOW ON H-iM ThE sA~ NGA-YOdA/ ThE ESSENCE OF ALL
         ThE t;-iNTR;LS/ AND ThE LATTER L)ESTOWED ;T 011 i~-iN~. tHE yodJN
         STAYE~L FOR 2i DAYS/ ~N(j SA-iD Th~T HE WAS GO-iNG TO kASh-iM-i.
         wHEN HE HAD LEFT/ ThE P-iND-iTA (w-iBL~T-iCALLDR~) ASKED ALL
         ThE t-iBET~NS/ WBO H-iD CON-E TO nEP;~LH ~wi~O W-iS ThE -iNOST
         FAMOUS KHYANA-M-iTRA -iN t-iB.T ~T ThE PRESENT T-iME?" tL~EY
         REPL-iED Th;T ~ThE GREATEST wHis kO-BR~G P-i". tHE P3R!D-iT3
         ThEN SENT ~ iCTTER TO kO-BRAG-P;L SAY-iNd ThAT HE POSSESSED ThE
         PROFO-i-iND PRECEPTS O~ ~A 6A-R-i De~jN-PHYUG (-iN t-iCBET3N AL~O
         CALLED r-i-KHROD-PA DbAN-PHYUG. sEE. a. gRUENWE~LELH
         d-iE gESCH-iCHTEN D. w-iERUNDACHTZ-iG z ~UBERER(mAHAS-iDDL-iAS)/
         P. 148)/ ~ND ThAT HE SL~OL-iLj COME TO RECE-iVE TL-EM. kO-BRAG-
         PA DESPATCHED SL-i-iT;LBLE PRESENTS TO ThE P~NCj-iTA ~ND H-iS RET-iNUE/
         AND REQ--iC~STED TL~E P~ND-iTA TO V-iS-iT t-iBET. wHEN ThE P~LND-iT~
         RE;TCHED d-iN R-i/ L~E BESTOWED ThE L--iDCLEN ~RECEPTS ON kO-BRLG-
                                                                          p.797
         po/  dpal a mo g+ha/ gyunh  phug  pa/ nyeg po chos ldan/ AND
         mAR-STON ~yA;-'L)~R. tL~C 1~ ND-iT~ L~-iN~S~LF ALSO L-iSTCNED TO
         TLHE L~-iDDEN PRECEPTS PREACHED BY kO-BRAG-L~A. tHESE ~TECEL~TS
         SPRE~D GTEATL)/. tHE A~C~T-iC ~3N WHEN PREACH-iNG ThE
         PRAT~AL)ARHL (RESTRA-iN-iNG OR ~A-iLS) SRAGE OF ThE sAD~-iG;L-YOG;L (SO-
         SOR SDUD-PA~/ USED TO BASC L~-iL--SCL~ ON TL~-iS SYSTEM ONLY.
         tHE k~ CHE P;LN-CL~EN ~AL;YH~SLL) 6EST;)W~ oR-i ThE LO-TSL-B;L
         DpYAL ~ OS-LCY-i 6Z~ )O TL-C cOMMENTARY ON ThE hEVAJRA-
         tAL~TTA (i;Rt;LG-~N-iS)/ CONL~OSCD BY nA-Rg-P3/ AND ThE LATTER'S
         SECRET PRECCPTS ON ThE sAD.D-iG.L-YOG~ (SL3YOR-BA YHLN-LAG DTU~).
         tHESE SECRET PRECEPTS ThE LO-TS;~-BH-i E~;PO-N~DED -iN A BOOK ENT-iT-
   (20B) LED ThE ' ~EY TO ThE cASKET O~ pREC-iOUS sTONES'' (r-iN--i-O-CL!E
         SAOM-GY-i L~E-LdiG). ~. i-P;L hRUL-L~O/ A D-iSC-i~LE OF ThE LO-TSL
         B~ (kHRO-PHU LO-TSA-BL~/ COM~OSOD A COMMENTARY ON -iT. tHE
         BOOK EX-iSTS NOW.LCjA)~S. bUT TL~E 6ES~ OF ThE -i-iL-iT-iHLT-io-i~S AL~D
         PRECEPTS O~ kAL~CAKRHL (OR-i~/-iNATED) FROM ThE wENERABLE
         gREAT SCL~OLAR (N1k~ S-P;-i CL~EN-PO) ~R-i wA~ RATN;L (Dp;-ii nA;/S-
         KY-i R-iN-CHEN~. tL~-iS pTEC-iOUS gREAT P~NG-i~A WAS BORN~ AS ThE
         SON O~ A K-iNG -iN ThE TOWN OF d.~M-PL (sA~LN~GAR~) -iN eASTERN
         iND-iA (cH-iTTAGON~R/ d-iSTT-iCT/ e. bENGAL). aT ThE AGE OF 8/ HE
         RECE-iVED ThE NO~-iC-iATE FROM ONE N;LLLLED bUDDH;LGHO~;L (sj-i-iS-
         RGYAS-D6Y;LNS~/ WHO LED MANY HUNDREDS OF Th(~USLNCLS OF
         MONKS/ WAS iC~-iRLLE~L -iN ALL SC-iENCES AND ENDOWED W-iTh REAT
         FACULTY OF PRESC-iENCE/ ;LND ~ O ~CTC~L ~S U~ADL-YAY3/ A-iL~L ONE
         NAMED sUJATLRATN~/ WHO LE~-i MANY TENS OF ThOUSANDS OF
         111011Ks/ H-iNL wi1o ACTED H1s ACARY.L/ AT ThE ~ -iLLARHL C. iLC~T
         mAL~AC.L-iTY3. hE S~Uj-iEj MANY SC-iCNCES UN~LET TL~ESE UP;~DL~YAY.
         AL~D -iC-iRYA/ AS WELL AS W-iTh OThER SCHOLARS. tHE UPAjLLY;~Y;HL
         PRODU~ED -iN H-iM ~ mENTAL cREAT-iVE eFFORT TOWARDS eNL-iGHTEN-
         MENT. hE L-iSTENED TO ThE EXPOS-iT-iON A NUMEROUS PROFOUND
         -iL~-iT-iAT-iONs ;LND H-iDDEN PRECEPTS. aT ThE AGE O~ 20/ HE
         RECE-iVCD TL~E F-iN~L -iL~ON-iLST-iC ORD-iNAT-iON FRON~ i--iS FORN-ER
         U~)ADL~YAYA AND Ac~LYA. tHEN L~AV-iL~G 6ECOME AN ;iSCET-iC/ HE
         JOURNEYED TO sEN;/A/-i GL-iN (cEYLON). hE SPENT S-iX YEARS
 1. iN -i384 a.d. (~-iN-6Y-i-LO~ OO~ LO~LSE YE/U).
                                                                          p.798
         ThERE. hE V-iS-iTCD MANY SACRED PKLCES AND M-iRACULOUS -iMAGES.
         M~NY WONDERRUL M-iR~CLES TAK-iNG PLACE. fROM ThE âƒCâƒRYA
         dL~ATMAKLLT-i 6E OBT~ ED T6E w-iNAYA-AGAMA/ ThE 'oj-LD.N~ (t~.
         dUL-L~/ nO. 4125)/ AND OThER TEXTS. hE ~RACT-iSED CH-iEFLY
         TL~E M-iND CONCENTRHLT-iON. tHEN WHEN L)E W~S ABOUT TO RCTURN
         TO jAMBUDV-iPA/ HE HAD A V-iS-iON OF sAL;S-RGYAS g~-i-iS-CHEN~ TSj.)O
         (hCMASAG~RA). uNaHARMED BY HERET-iCS/ L~C JOURNCYD TO TL-C
         K-iNGDOM OF kAL-i-i-iGA -iN sOUTL~ERN L~ . tL~ERE A GRE3T P~ND-iTA
   (21A) NAMED m-i-I N-i-MA (nARAj-iTY.~/ F3NLElL AS A SCL~OLAR -iN
         jAMBUDV-iPA/ PRA-iSED H-iM -iN ThE FOLLOW-iNG VERSEH
              gREAT STL~AV-iRA w;LN~TATNA/
              wHO 6AS REAL-iZED ThE FREEDOM FROM wORLDLY ATTACHMENT
                (w-iRA~A)
              hAV-iNG CLEANSED ThE T~-iRB-i(L DET-iLEMENT PRODUCED
                -iTL DLc wORLD/
              o BE-iNGS! fOLLOW ON H-iM w-iTh DEVOT-iON/ -iN ORDER TO
                PAC-iFY ThE sAmSâƒRA."
            hE WORSh-iPPED H-iM ~OR A CONS-iDERABLE T-iME. aGA-iN HE
         PROCEEDCD TOWARDS ThE ~R-i dL-iANYA KAT.LKA M~LLA-CA-iTY~/ AND
         STAYED FOR SOME T-iME -iN ThE HERM-iTAGE OF nAGABODH-i (KlU-I
         BYAN CL~UB). aT F-iRST HE MET ~i-BA-R-i DbAN-PHYUG. tHEN
         WH-iLE ENROUTE TO mAGADHA/ HE STUD-iED W-iTh ThE HERET-iCAL
         PAND-iTA hAR-iHARA ThE BOOK k~LAPA (k;iLAP-iSUTRA/ tG. SgR~/
         nO. 4282)/ A VERS-iON WH-iCH WAS SEVEN T-iMES LARGER ThAN
         ThE ONE KNOWN -iN t-iBET. ~LOST OF H-iS T-iME HE SPENT -i-i-
         MED-iTAT-iON PRACT-iS-iNG ThE sADANGA-YOGA. hE ESPEC-iALLY PR~CT-i~-
         ED MED-iTAT-iON (ACCORD-iNG TO s;LDANGA-YO/;L~/ OBSERV-iNG PER-iODS
         OF ThREE YEARS/ ThREE HALL-LLLOL)TLLS AND ThREE DAYS (ACCORD-iNG TO
         ThE yOGA METhOD ADVOCATED -iN ThE kALACAKRA/ A YOG-iN ShOULD
         OBSERVE ThE FOLLOW-iNG PER-iODS -iN N~ED-iTAT-iONaH ThREE YE3TS/ TL)R~E
         HALF-MONThS AND ThREE DAYS; DUR-iNG ThESE PER-iODS TL~E PHYS-iCAL
         ORGAO-iSAL -iS BEL-iEVED TO UNDERGO A COMPLETE CL-ANGE) -iN A FOREST
         S-iTUATED BEYOND ThE R-iVET CALLED k~-NA-KRA SO-TAM. hE ATTA-iNED
         A~ CXCELLENT M-iND CONCCNTRAT-iON AND MET w-iRUPAKSA/ ThE lORD
         O~ yOGA/ -iN A V-iHARA CALLED uRUVASA/ AND H-iS D-iSC-iPLE ThH S-iDDHA
         pAGHALA. (iN Th-iS V-iHARA) A M-iTACULOUS STONE -iMA~/E O~ ~RYA
                                                                          p.799
         aVALOK-iTES'~ARA SPOKE TO H-iMH ~gO TO t-iBET! a~TER ATTEND-iNG
         ON A K-iNG/ YOU W-iLL BE OF BENEF-iT TO MANY !" iN ACCORDANCE
         W-iTh Th-iS PROPHECY/ HE F-iRST PROCEEDED TO nEPAL/ AND ThETE
         OBTA-iNED FROM ThE GREAT PAND-iTA ~LLASA;;ARA ThE bODH-iC-iTTOTPADA
         ACCORD-iNG TO ThE METhOD OF ThC bODH-iSATTVACARYAVATARA. hE
         REACL~ED t-iBET -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-mALE-hORSE (ME-PHO-RTA--1~25
         a.d./ wANARATNA -iS OFTEN CALLED ~pAND-iTA MThA'-MA" OR
         ~tHE lAST pAND-iTA".) oN H-iS ARR-iVAL AT -iHA-SA AND yAR-KLUNS
         A FEW PEOPLE ONLY CAME TO ASK H-iM ABOUT REL-iG-iON. hE
         ThEREFORE RETURNED AGA-iN TO nEPAL. wH-iLE HE WAS RES-iD-iNG
         AT ThE V-iHARA OF s~NTAPURL OF 'pHAGS-PA ~-iN-KUN (sVAYAMBHU-
         CA-iTYA -iN nEPAL)/ ThERE CAME F-iRST ThE BLA-MA sANS-RGYAS-DBYANS
         (bUDDHAGHOSA)/ AND AFTER ThAT/ ~R-i sA-BA-R-i DbAN-PHYUG. tHEY
         DREW ThE MANDALA-CAKRA/ AND BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON
         -iNTO ThE cYCLE OF sAMVARA/ AND -iN PART-iCULAR ThE UTTARA-
         ABH-iSEKA (OF kALACAKRA)/ FOLLOW-iNG WH-iCH HE EXPER-iENCED AN
   (21B) -iMMUTABLE bL-iSS. aGA-iN/ s-i-TU rA~BSTAN PA HAV-iNG DESR
         PATCHED AS MESSENGER ONE NAMED bOD RGYAL-BA/ -iNV-iTED H-im/
         AND HE JOURNEYED TO RgYAL-RTSE (gYANGTSE). aBOUT ThAT T-iME
         HE MET SmRA-BA-I KHYU-MCHOG CHEN-PO rON-STON/ ThE aLL-
         kNOW-iNG. hE BESTOWED SEVER~L PRECEPTS ON H-iNL AND OThER
         KALYANA-M-iTRAS. lATER HE PROCEEDED TO lHA-SA. tHERE/ WH-iLE
         RES-iD-iNG ON ThE sR-iN-PO-R-i W-iTh ThE ~gREAT l-iON OF sPEECH"
         (SmRA-BA-I SEN-GE/ rON-STON)/ HE RECE-iVED AN -iNV-iTAT-iON FROM
         ThE dHARMASVAM-iN gRAGS-PA 'BYUN-GNAS-PA. hE SPENT SOME
         T-iME AT ThE GREAT MONAST-iC COLLEGE OF RtSES-ThAN/ WHERE ThE
         dHARMARAJA gRAGS-PA 'BYUN-GNAS AND H-iS CH-iEF M-iN-iSTER OBTA-iN-
         ED FROM H-iM SEVER~L -iN-iT-iAT-iON R-iTES OF ThE sAN.LVARA cYCLE/
         ACCORD-iNG TO ThE METL~qD OF lU -i-PA. aFTER TL~AT/ T6E tEACHET
         AND H-iS SUPPORTER (gRAGS-PA 'BYUN-GNAS) PROCEEDED TOGETh~R
         TOWARDS gON-DKAR. aBOUT ThAT T-iME gRAGS-P~ 'BYUN-GNAS
         RECE-iVED ON ThE sR-iN-PO-R-i ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON OF aCALA ACCORD-iNG TO
         ThE aNUTTARA (-tANTRA). hE (wANARATNA) HAD A V-iS-iON OF ThE
         sAMVARA -iMAGE (FOUND AT ThAT PLACE) TO BE AL-iVE (Th-iS -iMAGE
         HAD BEEN ERECTED BY w-iBHUT-iCANDRA ON ADV-iCE FROM ~AKYASRL-
         ~H;LDRA). tHEN ThE GREAT P;-iN.L-iTA AND H-iS D-iSC-iPLES PROCEEDED
                                                                          p.800
         TO SpA-GTO ~bHUTAN)/ AND SPENT SONLE T-iME ThERE/ tHERE HE
         MET pADMAS~MBHAVA. aFTER ThAT -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-mALE-
         dRAGON (MC-PH~'BRUG--1436 a.d.) HE PROCEEDED TO SnE-
         GDON. sHqRTLY AFTERWARDS HE TOOK UP RES-i.LENCE AT RtSES-ThAN.
         hE BESTOWED ThE COMPLETE PRECEPTS OF ThE sADANGA-YOGA
         ACCORD-iNG TO ThE SYSTEM OF ThE GREAT ACARYA aNUP~MARAKS-iTA
         ON US/ ThE 32 p-iTAKADHARAS/ HEADED BY ThE MAHA-UPADHYAYA
         OF SnAR-ThLN-BsOD NAMS-iNCHOG GTUB PA/ ThE GREAT gRAGS-BZAN-
         PA/ ThE gREAT BlO-GROS RGYAL-MTShAN-PA/ ThE MAHA-U~ADHYAYA
         OL tHEL-PA-kUN-RGYAL-BA/ AND ~HHOS-KY-i GR3GS-PA/ ThE lOTD OF
         sPEECH. iN ThE PAST bU-(STON) r-iN-PO-CHE HAD STUD-iED ThE
         H-iDDEN PRECEPTS ACCORD-iNG TO ThE METhOD OF aNUPAMARAKS-iTA
         (DpE-MED-'TSNO) W-iTB ThE tHAR-PA LO-TSA-BA/ HOWEVER/ W-iTh ThE
         CXCEPT-iON O~ ThE PRATYAHARA AND ThE DHYANA-ANGA/ ThE PRANA-
         YAMA (SROG-RTSOL~ AND ThE OThER ThREE ANGAS (O~ ThESE PRECEPTS~
         BELONGED TO ThE SYSTEMS OF OThET PAND-iTAS (AND NOT TO ThAT OF
         aNUPAMARAKS-iTA). bUT HERE (-iN ThESE PRECEPTS) ALL ThE S-iX
         BRANCHES (ANGA~ BELONGED TO ThE SYSTEM O~ aNUPAMARAKS-iTA.
   (22A) tHEREFORE H-iS GRACE WAS VERY GREAT. tHE sP-iR-iTUAL l-iNEAGE
         OF ThE ABOVE PRECEPTSH aVALOK-iTESVARA/ ThC ACARYA aNUPAMA-
         RAKS-iTA/ DpAL'DZ-iN DgA'-BA (~RLDHARANANDANA)/ -ID-BYED-LHA
         (bHASKARADEVA~/ 'GRUB-ThOB ~i MA-DPAL-YE-SES (ThE S-iDDHA sURYA-
         SRLJNANA)/ ~HOS-'BYUN Z-i-BA (dHARMAKAT~SANT-i)/ rATNARAKS-iTA/
         m-i-DBAN-BLO (nARENDRABODH-i)/ pHYOGS-GROL (mUKT-iPAKSA)/
         ~AKYARAKS-iTA/ R~E lEGS-SKYES (sUJATA)/ AND sANS-TGYAS-DBYANS
         (bUDDHAGHOSA). tHE LATTE~ BESTOWED (ThEM) ON ThE dHARMA-
         SVAM-iN ThE-pREC-iOUS gREAT pAND-iTA (wANARATNA). aT RtSES-ThAN
         AFTER COMPLET-iNG ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE ~gU-iDE TO ThE sADANGA-
         YOGA"/ HE (wANARATNA) BESTOWED (ON US) ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON OF a~ALA
         OF ThE aNUTTA~A-tANTRA/ AND ThE BLESS-iNG OF (wAJRA)VARAHL/
         ACCOTD-iNG TO ThE S-iX TEXTS OF ThE wARAHL cYCLE (pHAG-MO
         GZUN-DRUGH tG. RgYUD/ nOS. 15JL/ 1552/ 1553/ 1554/
         SS;5/ 15~6). nE~CT YEAR HE (wANATATNA) BESTOWED ON ThE
         dHARMARAJA gRAGS-PA 'BYUN-GNAS ThE CON~PLETE -iN-iT-iAT-iON OF
         EHE wAJTAMALA ACCORD-iNG TO ThE SYS~EM O~ ThE ACARYA aBB~YA/
         HAV-iNG D-iV-iDED -iT -iNTO FORTY-F-iVE M~NDALAS. iTS sP-iR-iTUAL
                                                                          p.801
         l-iNEAGEH wAJRADHARA/ wAJRA-YOG-iM (wAJRjVARAH-i)/ aBHAYAKARA/
         nAYAKAPADA ('dREN-PA-I ZABS)/ StOBS-BCU-DPAL (dASABALA~N)/
         w-iKHYATADEVA/ ~R;BHADRA/ lAL-iTAVAJRA/ dHARMAGUPTA/ rATNA-
         KARA/ pADMAVAJRA/ rATNAKLRT-i/ bUDDHAGHOSA/ ThE dHARMASVAM-iN
         ThE pREC-iOUS mAHA-PAND-iTA (wANARATNA. DgE-BSES DgE-'DUN
         ~HOS-'PHEL TELLS ME ThAT A DETA-iLED B-iOGTAPHY OF wANARATNA
         EX-iSTS -iN MANUSCR-iPT FORM -iN t-iBET. tHE RnAM-ThAR CONTA-iNS
         VALUABLE -iNFORMAT-iON ON cEYLON). aFTER HAV-iNG ATTENDED
         ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON R-iTE PERFORMED BY ThE dHARMARAJA/ NUMEROUS
         GREAT p-iTAKADHARAS/ WHO HAD MA!-iTERED ThE SACRED SCR-iPTURES/
         RECE-iVED ThE FULL -iN-iT-iAT-iON -iNTO ThE SAME MANDALA (-i.E. ThE
         MANDALA -iNTO WH-iCH WAS -iN-iT-iATED gRAGS-PA 'BYUN-GNAS).
         tHE sP-iR-iTUAL l-iNEAGE OF ThE gREAT cOMMENTARY ~R;SAM-
         PUTATANTRARAJAT.LKAMNAYAMANJAN-NAMA (mAN-R;AG SNE-MA/ tG.
         RgYUD/ nO. i198) WH-iCH WAS BESTOWED (BY wANARATNA~ ON
         ThE dHARMARAJA gRAG~PA 'BYUN-GNAS-PA AND F-iVE OThER p-iTALCA-
         DHARASH aBHAYA/ nAYAKA/ rATNABUDDH-i/ dHARMAGUPTA (~HHOS-
         SBAS)/ sAHAJAKLRT-i (lHAN-SKYES-GRAGS)/ dHARMASN/ ~AKYADHVAJA
         (~AKYA RGYAL-MTShAN)/ wAGLSVARAKLRT-i (~AG-DBAR-i-GRAGS)/ rATNA-
         KLRT-i (r-iN-CHEN-GRAGS)/ AND ThE pREC-iOUS mAHA-PAND-iTA (wANA
         RATNA). aGA-iN HE (wANARATNA) PROCEEDED TO nEPAL V-iA SkY-i-
         RON ESCORTED BY A RET-iNUE SENT BY ThE K-iNG/ ANT DEC-iDED TO GO
         TO wAJRASANA -iN ORDER TO ERECT A LARGE -iMAGE OF ThE MAHA-GURU
         bUDDHAGHOSA. rOBBERS HAV-iNG HEATD ThAT HE HAD BECOME
         ThE SP-iR-iTUAL TEACHER OF ThE t-iBETAN K-iNG/ WA-iTED FOR H-iM ON
   (22B) ThE ROAD/ AND BECAUSE OF Th-iS HE HAD TO POSTPONE H-iS JOURNEY
         ThERE. hE SENT A MAN W-iTh OFLER-iNGS TO wAJRASANA. iN
         nEPAL PROPER/ HE ERECTED A BEAUT-i~UL GOLDEN -iMAGE OF wAjRA-
         DHARA WH-iCH HE CONS-iDERED TO REPRESENT bUDDHAGHOSA/ AND -iN
         ThE MEANT-iME LABOURED FOR ThE WELFARE OF OThERS BY PREACH-iNG
         VAR-iOUS DOCTR-iNES/ ETC. hE SPENT H-iS ENT-iRE T-iME -iN WORK WH-iCH
         WAS W-iThOUT EQ~L 1/ AND CONCENTRATED MA-iNLY ON MED-iTAT-iVE
         PRACT-iCE. lATER HE AGA-iN CAME TO t-iBET -iN ThE YEAR wATER-
         fEMALE-hEN (CHU-MO-BYA--1453 a.d.). oN H-iS WAY/ HC
         BESA~WED ON bYAN-PA/ FAThER AND SON/ AND ThE-iT NUMER~US
         TET-iNUE ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON -iNTO ThE sAMVARA cYCLE/ ETC./ AS WELL AS
                                                                          p.802
         PTEACHED DUR-iNG ThC JOURNEY MANY OThER DOCTR-iNES. hAV;NG
         REACHED yAR-KLUNS/ HC BESTOWED ON ThE gREAT lORD kUN-DGA'
         LEGS-PA AND H-iS TET-iNUE/ AS WELL AS ON SmRA-BA-I DBAN-PHYUG
         (~tHE lORD OF sPEECH") BsOD-NAMS RNAM-PAR RGYAL-BA AND
         ON MANY OThER GREA~ p-iTAKADHARAS/ ThE COMPLETE -iN-iT-iAT-iON
         -iNTO ThE sADANGA-YOGA. oN SOME HE BESTOWED ThE EXPOS-iT-iON
         OF ThE SAMPANNAKRAMA DEGREE OF ThE wAJRAVARAH; cYCLE.
         fURThER/ HE PREACHED TO ThE MONAST-iC CONGREGAT-iONS AT RtSCS-
         ~HAN/ GsAN-PHU/ gUR;-ThAN (lHA-SA)/ AND OThER MONASTER-iES.
         bY ESTABL-iSh-iNG A MULT-iTUDE OF PEOPLE -iN VAR-iOUS LOCAL-iT-iES -iN
         ~HE MENTAL cREAT-iVE eFFORT TOWARDS eNL-iGHTENMENT/ ETC./ HE
         BROUGHT TO AN END ThE-iR pHENOMENAL eX-iSTENCES (SAMSARA/ -i.E.
         ThEY OBTA-iNED EMANC-iPAT-iON). hE WAS -iNV-iTED TO GdAN-SA
         tHEL AND OThER PLACES. hE LABOURED EXTENS-i~ELY FOR ThC
         WELFARE OF OThERS/ AS WELL AS FOR H-iS OWN/ AND OBSERVED
         WONDERFUL S-iGNS OF MENTAL CONCENTRAT-iON. hE SEEMS TO HAVE
         BEEN ThE MOST POPULAR AMONG ThE PAND. -iTAS WHO V-iS-iTED t-iBET
         -iN LATER T-iMES. eSPEC-iALLY -iN ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ~HE SUBL-iME
         MEAN-iNG (NLTA-ARThA) OF ThE wAJRAYANA/ H-iS GRACE WAS L-iKE ThE
         RESTORAT-iON O~ ThC L-iFE-STR-iNG (SROG-'ThUD-PA). aT OUR F-iRST
         MEET-iNG/ HE BESTOWED ON ME SEVERAL -iN-iT-iAT-iONS/ SUCH AS ThE
         -iN-iT-iAT-iON -iNTO ThE MANDALA OF mAL;JUVAJRA/ ThE COmPLETE
         -iN-iT-iAT-iON -iNTO ThE kALACAKRA ACCORD-iNG TO R-iTES DESCR-iBED -iN
         ThE cOMMENTARY ON ThE tANTRA (w-iMALAPRABHA)/ WH-iCH WAS
         ACCOMPAN-iED BY CERTA-iN OThER R-iTES (NOT MENT-iONED -iN ThE
         w-iMALAPRABHA AND BELONG-iNG ESPEC-iALLY TO ThE kALACAKRA).
         iTS l-iNEAGEH aD-i-bUDDHA/ FROM sUCANDRA TO kUL-iKA w-iJAYA
   (23A) (r-iGS-LDAN RNAM.-RGYAL)/ kALACAKRAPADA/ ThE sEN-iOR/ kALACAKRA-
         PADA/ ThE jUN-iOR/ ~AKYAS-iN.LHADHVAJ;L (~AKYA-SEN-GE RGYAL-
         MTShAN)/ gAUTAMASRL/ mADHANGARASVAM-iN/ rATNAMAL-iGALA/ j-iNA-
         LA-iNKARA/ sWAM-iN mAT-iMANT/ ~AKYARAKS-iTA/ sUJATA/ bUDDHA-
         GHOSA/ ThE dHARMASVAM-iN ThE pREC-iOUS mAHA-PAND-iTA (wANA-
         RATNA). iN ThE ABOVE MANNER/ Th-iS pREC-iOUS gREAT PAND-iTA/
         ThOUGH HE HADNO OPPORTUN-iTY TO EXPOUND ThE gREAT cOMMEN-
         TARY ON ThE tANTRA (w-iMALAPRABHA)/ RESTORED ThE PRECEPTS OF
         BOTh ThE uTPANNAKRAMA AND SAMPANNAKRAMA DEGREES O~ ThE
                                                                          p.803
         kALACAKRA/ AND H-iS GRACE WAS GREAT. lATER ThE LO-TSA-BA AND
         SCHOL;LR BsOD-NAMS RGYA-MTShO HAV-iNG COME TO nCPAL/ OBTA-iNED
         NUMEROUS PRECEPTS FROM ThE pREC-iOUS gREAT pAND-iTA AND ThE-iR
         PRACT-iCAL APPL-iCAT-iON (LAG-TU BLAN-BA)/ AND ThE ACCOUNTS OF ThE
         MYST-iC EXPER-iENCES OF ThE MAHA-PAND-iTA/ ETC. tHE DETA-iLED
         ACCOUNT CAN BE HAD FROM H-iM. fUTThER/ HE (BsOD-NAMS RGYA-
         MTShO) COMPLETED ThE TRANSLAT-iON OF ThE COMMENT~TY wASANTA-
         T-iLAKA-NANLA (DpY-iD-KY-i Th-iG-LE ZES-BYA-BA/ tG. RgYUD/ nO.
         1448~/ COMPOSED BY ThE ACARYA kRSNA (nAG-PO-PA)/ ~H-iCH WAS
         LCFT UNTRANSLATED/ W-iRH T6E EXCEPT-iON OF ThE COMMENTARY ON ThE
         TEN dETA-iLED eXPOS-iT-iONS (Tg)~AS-BSTAN/ NAME OF ThE F-iRST CHAP-
         TETS OF ThE wASANTAT-iLAKA)/ AND BESTOWED -iTS ~'PERM-iSS-iON" (LUN/
         PERM-iSSSON TO READ ThE TEXT~. dUR-iNG H-iS SECOJAD (V-iS-iT TO
         t-iBET) ThE PAND-iTA ON BE-iNG REQUESTED BY ThE pREC-iOUS
         dL~ARMASVAM-iN SpYAN-SNA ~AG-G-i DBAN-PHYUG/ CON~POSED A
         GU-iDE ON ThE ~RL-cAKRASAMVARAPANCAKRAMAVRTT-i (dR-iL-BU r-iM-
         LNA/ tG. RgYUD/ nO. 1435) AS WELL AS EXPOUNDED ThE TEXT.
         tHE PR~CT-iCE BASED ON ThE pARLCAKRAMA/ WH-iCH EX-iSTED FORMERLY
         -iN t-iBET/ BELO-iLGED TO ThE ~SAN-iM-iTTA' CLASS (MTShAN-MA-DAN-
         BCAS-PA~/ BUT ThE ONE HE BESTOWED BELONGED TO ThE SAMPANNA-
         KRALNA DEGREE OF ThE ~AN-iM-iTTA" CLASS (MTShAN-MA-MED-PA).
         iTS sP-iR-iTUAL l-iNEAGEH wAJRADHARA/ wAJRA-YOG-iNL (wAJRAVARAH-i)/
         wAJRAGHAL!TA (RdO-R~E DR-iL-BU-BA)/ kURMAPADA (rUS-SBAL-ZAB~)/
         jALANDHARAPADA/ kRSNA (nAG-PO-PA)/ bHADRAPADA (BzAN-PO~
         ~ABS)/ w-iNAYAPADA (RnAM-RGYAL-ZABS~/ t-iLL-iPA/ nA-RO-PA/
         yOG~ LRAT-iLAKA (RnAL-'BYOR-DB;LN-PO-I Th-iG-LE)/ pAD-MA-DKAR-PO/
         yE-SES-'DZ-iN (jHANADH~RA)/ DgE-BA-I BLO (kALYANAMAT-i)/ bUDDHA-
         JN~NA (sANS-RGYAS YE-SES)/ ThE gREAT lORD sUJATA (R~E-CHEN-PO
         lEGS-SKYES)/ pHYOGS-GROL (d~NMUKA)/ dHARMAKLRT-i (~HOS-KY-i
         GRAGS-PL)/ rATNAKLRT-i (r-iN-CHEN GRAGS-PA)/ ThE pREC-iOUS dHAR-
         M~S~DM-iN mAHâƒ-PAND-iTA (wANARATNA). fURThER/ HE BESTOWED
         ON DpAL BsOD-NAMS RNAM-P~R RGYAL-BA AND O~HERS ThE RdZOGS-
         R-iM sAL;S RGYAS 'CHAR-PA BY lU -i-PA/ ThE kYE-I RDO-R~E-I RDZOGS-
   (23B) R-iM S~-iN-PO 6RGYA-PA COMPOSED BY aRYADEVA (pRAT-iPATT-iSAR~-
         ~LT~K;-/ tG. RgYUD/ nO. 2334~/ AND ThE COMMENTARY ON -iT
         COMPOSED BY h~RUKADE-A (tG. RgYUD/ L~O/ 2335). wAN;L-
                                                                          p.804
         RATNA PERFORM~D EXTENS-iVE REL-iG-iOUS WORKS -iN t-iBET/ SUCH AS
         TRANSLAT-iONS OF EA-iCH O~ ThE ABOVE MENT-iONED TEXTS/ ETC. hE
         AGA-iN RETURNED TO ~EPAL/ AS R)ROPHES-iED BY H-iS tEACHER
         AND H-iS TUTELARY DE-iTY. hE DEVOTED H-iMSELF EXCLUS-iVELY TO
         MED-iTAT-iON AT ThLE HERM-iTAGE OF gOV-iCANDRA/ MET ThE MAHA-
         S-iDDHA lU.-i-PA A/ND OThERS/ AND WAS PLEASED. hE CONSTANTLY
         SUPPORTED ThE BEGGATS O~ nEPAL BY G-iV-iNG ThEM FOOD AND
         MATER-iAL G-i~TS/ AS WELL AS SAT-iATED ThE lORTUNATE ONCS W-iTh
         D-iF~ERENT K-iNDS O~ DOCTR-iNES. aT ThE AGE OF 85/ -iN ThE E-iGHTh
         MONTh O~ ThE YCAR eARTh-mALE-mOUSE (SA-PHO-BY-i-BA--1468
         a.l~.) HE SA-iDH ~L ShALL NOW HOLD ThE FEAST O~ GO-iNG TO ThE
         tUS-iTA hEAVEN"~/ AND OT~ERED A GREAT FEAST TO ALL ThE '~U-'~U OF
         nEPAL/ AND TO A CROWD OF BEGGARS. a~TER ThAT/ T-iLL ThE
         ELEVENTh MONTh/ VAR-iOUS SUPERNATURAL PHENOMENA/ SUCH AS
         F~OWER ShOWERS/ EARTh TREMOURS/ RA-iNBOWS -iNS-iDE H-iS HOUSE/
         ETC. WERE OBSERVED. eSPEC-iALLY ON ThE 1 8Th DAY OF ThE 1 1 Th
         MONTh/ (-iT WAS OBSERVED) ThAT WH-iLE ThE PAR-iD-iTA WAS PREACH-
         .-iN~ ThE d~CTR-iNE// STRELMS Oe WH-iTE WATER S-iM-iLAR To M-iLK F-iLLED
         ThE A-iR ROUND H-iS; BODY. t-iLL -iN-iDN-iGHT O~ ThE 2^/ND DAY HE HELD
         A tANTR-iC FE;-iST W-iTh H-iS D-iSC-iPLES/ HOLDERS OF (tANTR-iC) VOWS/
         AND GAVE OUT /DETA-iLED PROPHEC-iES ABOUT PROFOUND DOCTR-iNES
         AND ~UTURE EVENTS. tL-EN HAV-iNG RET-iRED TO H-iS CELL/ HE SAT
         -iN ThE ~'D-iAMOR~D" (VAJRA) POSTURE ON H-iS MED-iTAT-iVE MAT/
         HOLD-iNG L1-iS BO/DY ERECT/ AND MA-iL-i~ESTED ThE STATE OF GO-iNG TO
         hEAVEN. iN ThE EVEN-iNG O~ ThE 23RD/ WHEN PEOPLE WERE
         CONVEY-iNG (L-iT. -iMV-iT-iNG) H-iS REMA-iNS FOR CREMAT-iON AT ThE rAM-
         DO-L-i BUR-iAL GRO~LND (S-iTUATED NEAR ThE H-iLL OF ThE sVAYAMBHU-
         CA-iTYA~/ ThE WHOLE OF ThE COUNTRY O~ nEPAL WAS ENVELOPED BY
         A GREAT L-iGHT/ ThE PO-iNTS OF ThE FLAMES O~ ThE FUNERAL PYRE
         BECAME ENTW-iNED W-iTh RA-iNL)OWS AND ROSE TOWARDS ThE L-iM-iT-
   (24A) LESS SKY/ AND NUMBETLESS GREAT M-iRACLES WERE O'.~SERVED. eVEN
         ThE DULL nEPLLESE WERE F-iLLED W-iTh ATL UND-iL~ERENT-iATED
         F;L-iTh AND SEE-iNED TO SL~ARE -iN ThE H-iGHEST FORM O~ EMANC-iPA-
         T-iON. tH-iS gREAT ~OUL/ FREE FROM ANY K-iND OF DEF-iL-iNG
         DEFECTS/ CONFORMED TO ThE -iDEAL OF AN ACARY;L AS DESCR-iBED -iN
         ThE pREC-iOUS tANTRA CLASS. hE ALSO WAS ENDOWED W-iTh ALL
                                                                          p.805
         ThC V-iRTUOUS QUAL-iT-iES (L-iSTED -iN ThE tANTRAS) W-iThOUT EXCEPT-iON/
         AND ESPEC-iALLY WAS BEL-iEVED TO POSSESS ALL ThE MARKS OF A hOLY
         tEACHER AS DESCT-iBED -iN ThE kALACAKRA-tANTRA/ AND ThOSE OF
         A BESTOWER OF SP-iR-iTUAL REAL-iZAT-iON. tHEREFORE HE BECAME OUR
         H-idHEST AND ONLY REFUGE.
            nOW ThE gREAT tRANSL;LTOR BsOD-NAMS RGYA-MTShOH iN ThE
         GARLAND OF H-iS FORMER EX-iSTENCES/ HE PERFORMED ThE LABOURS OF
         ThE ThR~E BOUNDLESS ACCUMULAT-iONS.
            fOR ThE WELFARE OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS/ HE REACHED ThE END OF ThE
         pATh. tHOUGH HE HAD ATTA-iNED ThE h-iGHEST eNL-iGHTENMENT
         (aBH-iSAMBODH-i)/ A STATE CHARACTER-iZED BY RENUNC-iAT-iON AND
         KNOWLEDGE WH-iCH CANNOT BE -iMPROVED UPON/ ThERE -iS NO DOUBT
         Th~T L~E HA~L ASSUMED ThE FORM OF ~ MAHASATTVA/ A LEADER/ WHO
         STROVE TO CONVEY ThE TRAVELLERS-D-iSC-iPLES TO ThE F-iRNL GROUND OF
         SALVAT-iON. hAV-iNG EQU-iPPED ThE BOAT OF ACT-iON BY CROWD-iNG
         ThE S~-iLS OF W-iSDOM AND COMM-iSERAT-iON FOR ThE BENEF-iT OF ThE
         HELPLESS WHO HAD SUNK -iNTO ThE DREADED OCEAN OF pHENOMER)~L
         eX-iSTENCE (SARNSAR~-i)/ ST-iRRED UP BY A HUNDRED WAVES O~ -iMAG-i-
         NAT-iON (SAMKALPA/ KUN-RTOG~/ F-iLLED W-iTh WAVES OF DEF-iLEMENT
         AND ThE SEA MONSTERS OF kARMA/ AND SURROUNDED BY ThE F-iRE
         OF ThE aSy~ UKHA R;LNGE (RtA-GDON--ThE -iRON MOUNTA-iN RANGE
         S~LRROUND-iNG ThE oCEAN) OF ThE (F-iVE) GROUPS OT ELEMENTS/
         CONST-iTUT-iNG ~N ORD-iNaHLRY -iND-iV-iDUAL (UPAD~NA-SKANDHA/ NE-B~-iR
         LEN-P~-I PHUN-PO)/ TOOK REB-iRTh AS ThE EQUAL OF ORD-iNARY L-iV-iNG
   (24B) BE-iNGS -iN ThE EYES OF H-iS D-iSC-iPLES. tHE MANNER OF H-iS
         LABO~-iRS FO~ ThE SAKE OF TBE wOCTR-iNE CAN BE BEST TOLD -iN E-iGHT
         CHAPTERSH tHE F-iRST (CHAPTER) RELATES T~E MANNER OF H-iS TAK-iNG
         REB-iRTh -iN ThE sP-iR-iTUAL l-iNEAGE OF sA-iNTS-(S-iDDHAS). tHE K-iNG OF
         ~AN-LAM KNOVLN BY ThE N3NLE OF 'oD-KY-i DkY-iL-'KHOR-CAN BE-
         LONGED TO A FAM-iLY W-iTL-iOUT BLEM-iShES. hE BELONGED TO ~HE rOG
         CLAN. iN TBE PAST ThE REL-iG-iOUS K-iNG kHR-i-SRON-LDE-BTSAN -iN
         ORDER TO ESTABL-iSh ThO dOCTR-iNE (iN t-iBET)/ HAD -iNV-iTED ThE
         UPADHYAYA bODH-iSATTVA (MkBAN-PO bODH-iSATTVA-~ANTARAKS-iTA)
         AND ThE V-iDYADHARA pAD-MA/ WHO ORDA-iNED ThE SEVEN ~/mEN
         ON pROBAT-iON" (sAD-M-i M-i-BDUN). oNE OF ThEM/ N;L~LLED/
         ~AN-LAM RgYAL-~A MCHO~/-DBV;LNS OBTA-iNE(~ ThE SPELL (S-iDDH-i~
                                                                          p.806
         OF hAYAGRLVA. aMONG H-iS DESCENDANTS ThERE WAS AN UN-iNTCR-
         RUPTED SUCCESS-iON OF SCHOLARS AND S-iDDHAS/ AND ThE BEST AMONG
         ThEM/ -iN BOTh M-iRACULOUS POWERS (S-iDDH-i) AND KNOWLEDGE/
         WAS ThE GREAT V-iDYADHARA BsOD-NAMS 'OD-ZER. hE AND
         MOThER DpAL-LDAN 'DZOM-PA/ A NATUTAL DAK-iM/ HAD F-iVE SONS
         AND DAUGHTERS. hE (BsOD-NAMS RGYA-MTShO) WAS BORN AS ThE
         ELDEST OF ThEM. aT ThE T-iME (OF H-iS BE-iNG -iN H-iS MOThER'S
         WOMB)/ H-iS MOThER SAUR -iN HER DREAM ThAT ShE HAD FOUND -iN
         A SPR-iNG A GOLDEN VAJRA W-iTh F-iVE PO-iNTS/ AND ThAT HER m-iND
         AND BODY BECAME F-iLLED W-iTh BL-iSS. tHEY (MOThER AND CH-iLD)
         WERE NOUR-iShED BY SUN-RAYS AND SURROUNDED BY RA-iNBOWS.
         mUS-iC PLEASANT TO ThE EAR RESOUNDED. aCCOMPAN-iED BY ThE
         ABOVE M-iRACULOUS S-iGNS/ ThE CH-iLD WAS BORN ON ThE 2STh DAY
         OF ThE ~OTh MON~H OF ThE wOOD-mALE-dRAGON YEAR (S-iN-PHO-
         'BRUG--1424 a.d.)/ KNOWN AS KHRO-iNO OR ~ThE F-iETCE"
         (KRODHL)/ AT kHYAMS kH~N-GSAR -iU yAR-KLUNS-BSTAN-ThAN. hE
         WAS NAMED DpAL-'BYOR RGYA-MTShO/ BECAUSE AN -iNCREASE -iN ALL
         .K-iNDS O~ GA-iNS WAS OBSERVED. lATER ThE pREC-iOUS MgON-RGYAL-BA
   (25A) OF GsAN-PHU bRAG-NAG GAVE H-iM ThE NAME OF BsOD-NAMS RGYA-
         MTShO-I SDE/ A NAME WH-iCH CORTESP~NDED TO -iTS MEAN-iNG.
         hE BECARNE KNOWN BY ThAT NAME TO ALL. hE WAS BROUGHT UP
         W-iTh SPEC-iAL VENERAT-iON -iN ThE M-iDST OF ThE OCEAN OF PLENTY.
         l-iKE A LOTUS -iN A LAKE/ HE BECAME ThE NECTAR OF ThE EYES Oe
         ALL PEOPLES.
            tHE SECOND (CHAPTER)H tHE MANNER OF H-iS MAN-iFEST-iNG
         EXTRAORD-iNARY DEEDS AS A CH-iLD. sOON AFTER H-iS B-iRTh/ WHEN
         HE WAS BE-iNG FED ON ThE LAP OF H-iS NURSE/ ALL FELT ATTRACTED
         TOWARDS H-iM. h-iS DA-iLY BEHAV-iOUR D-iFFERED FROM ThAT OF
         ORD-iNARY PEOPLE. aT ThE AGE OF 4 OR 5/ HE WAS TAKEN TO
         BsAM-YAS/ AND AS SOON AS HE SAW ThE SACRED -iMAGES -iN ThE
         ~tEMPLE OF ThE tHREE sTYLES" (DBu-RTSE R-iGS-GSUM/ OR sAN-
         YANG TEMPLE)/ HE PERFORMED D-iF~ERENT K-iNDS OF SALUTAT-iONS AND
         MADE OFFER-iNGS (TO ThEM). hE WAS OVERPOWERED BY SADNESS
         (NES-'BYUN) TOWARDS ThE wORLD/ AND DEEP FA-iTh. h-iS HA-iR
         STOOD ERECT AND HE ShED TEARS. oN SOME OCCAS-iONS HE USED
         TO PREACH TO H-iS PLAYM~TES ON ThE SUBJECT OF ThE D-iFFERENT K-iNDS
                                                                          p.807
         OF SUL~CR-iNG O~ Th-iS pREC-iOUSELLLL eX-iSTENCE (SAmSâƒRA) AND hELL
         (~LUR~.LTA)/ AND D-iRECTED ThE-iR m-iNDS TOWARDS EMANC-iPAT-iON
         FROM ThEM. hE WAS A61E Tu MASTET W-iTL~OUT D-iFF-iCULTY ThE
         ALPHABET AND EVEN EXCELLED H-iS tEACHER. hE USED To REC-iTE
         REGULA~LY N~ANTRAS AND SACR~D TEXTS. hE ALSO COMPOSED A
         L~EAUT-iFUL POELd/ PERFECT -iN WORDS AND MEAN-iNG/ AND PTESCNTED
         -iT TO H-iS MOThER/ WHO WAS ~OND OF PCETRY. bECAUSE O~ H-iS
         (~ORMER) PRACT-iCE O~ MED-iTAT-iON O~ ThE SAMPANNAK~AMA
         DE~REE/ HE (CONSTANTLY) DWCLT -iN A NTYST-iC TRANCE/ (-iN WH-iCB)
         HE CONTEMPLATED COUNTLESS V-iS-iONS/ AND SPCNT A LONG T-iME
         G~Z-iNG AT ThEM. eVERYWHERE HE USED TO ERECT ALTARS -iN FRONT
         Oe ThE tHREE jEWELS. iN Th-iS MANNET HE SPENT ~11 OF H-iS T-iMC
         -iN V-iRTUOUS LABOURS WH-iCH WETC D-iF~-iCULT TO PEReORM EVEN 6Y
         GREAT BE-iNGS/ AND ALWAYS REMA-iNED ALERT.
            tHE Th-iRD (CHAPTER)H tHE MANNER OF H-iS ORD-iNAT-iON AND
         OF H-iS CONT-iNUOUS SCARCH FOR KNOWLEDGE. wHEA HE HAD REACHED
         ThE AGE OF SEVEN/ rON-STON-~ A SmRA-BA-I SET;-GE ACCOMPAN-iED
   (25B) BY H-iS D-iSC-iPLES CAME TO BsAM-YAS AND REVOLVED ThE wHEEL OF
         ThE dOCTR-iNE. tHE (CH-iLD) ATTENDED ThE TEL-iG-iOUS CLASS AND
         ShOWED GREAT DEVOT-iON (TOW~RDS rOT;-STON-PA). hE FCLT SAD
         PONDER-iNG OVER ThE SUFFER-iNGS OF ThE pHENOMENAL eX-iSTENCE
         WH-iCH WAS S-iM-iLAR TO A F-iETY P-iT. hE ThOUGHT ThAT HE SBOULD
         TAKE UP OTD-iNAT-iON -iNTO ThE dOCTR-iNE. hE WAS OTDA-iNED BY
         ThE dHARMASVAM-iN rON-STON WHO ACTEj AS UPADHYAYA/ dWAGS-
         PO 6kRA-SLS RNAM-PAR RGYAL-6A ACT-iNG AS ACARYA/ AND ThE BkA'-
         BZ-i-L/A ~ES-RAB DPAL-LDAN AS ~t-iME RECORDER" (DUS-BSGO-BA)/
         aT ThE T-iME (O~ ThE ORD-i-iLAT-iON) ThE UPADHY~-iYA SA-iDH "hE
         W-iLL BECOME A HOLY MAN/ TLHE OW-iLER OF BOUNDLESS DOCTR-iNES/"
         AN~L ENCOURAGCD H-iM W-iTh ThESE W/ORDS. hE WAS G-iVEN ThE
         NAMC O~ ~AKYA R-iN-CHEN. wH-iLE HE UAS ENGAGED -iN Th~ STUDY
         OF ThE pRAThANA~/ART-iKA AND ThE pRAJNAPARAM-iTA UNDCR H-iS UNCL~
         TL~E ACARYA ~A~-DB;~ BA/ i-E USED TO LEARN BY BEART EVERY DAY
         ThREE PAGES OF ThE pRAMANAVART-iKA. hE BECAME AN EXPERT -iN
         ThE REC-iTAT-iOiL OF SACRED TEXTS/ AND WAS ABLE TO PRACT-iSE ThC
         TECJTATJON OF CACH SCNTENCE BACKWATDS. aT ThE AGE Ol 13/ HE
         L~TEACL~CD ~T TB~ T~TST T-iME ThE pRAJNAPARAM-iT-i AND ThC
                                                                          p.808
         pRAMANAVARTLKA/ AT ThE TEL-i~-iOUS SCHOOL Oe RtSES-ThA-i/ AND T-iLLED
         ALL PRESENT W-iTh AMAZEMENT. tHROUGH Th-iS ThE REL-i~/-iOUS K-iN~
         gRAGS-PA 'BYUN-GL-AS F~LT ATTRjCTED TgWARDS L~H-- AND SA-iD~
         ShALL ADO~T Th-iS NOV-iCE AS N~Y SOd!" hE PA-iD FOR H-iS STUD-iCS
         AND ENTRUSTED H-iN TO ThE GREAT Dp~ 'B~OR RGYA-MTShO-BA.
         hE SNLD-iED D-iL-iGENTLY ThE ThREE GREAT TEXTS O~ C ~tEN bOOKS"
         DUR-iNG MANY DAYS AND N-iGHTS. hE USED TO SPEND H-iS T-iME
         -iN WORK AND NEVER SLEPT. h-iS tEACHER USED TO PREACH DA-iLY
   (26A) SEVEN D-iFFERENT K-iNDS O~ TEXTS/ AND (ThE BOY) USED TO REPEAT ThE
         TEXT ALOUD (SKYAR-CL~OS-PA). tO REP~AT ~L~US ABOUT TWENTY
         PAGES OF ThE ~ARROW-S-iZE" ~ DA'-TShAD/ ThE USUAL LENGTh OF A
         t-iBETAN BLOCK-PR-iNT PAGE) WAS NOT D-i~-iCULT FOR H-iM. dUR-iL~G
         A JOURNEY/ HE COMLd-iTTED TO MEMORY ThE TEXc O~ ThE L)~ES-
         SPR-iN (tG. SpR-iN-Y-iG/ nO. 4i82) WH-iLE R-iD-iN~ 1LORSE6ACK/ A-iL-L
         COMPLETED -iT DUR-iNG A STAGE. sUCH WERE H-iS WONDERFUL DEE~S
         OF EXCEHENT W-iSDO-iN WH-iCH HE HA~L ACQU-iRE~L BY B-iRTh/ BY
         PRACT-iCE/ AdD BY D-iL-iGENCE. aT ThE AGE Oe 21/ HE CHOSE TL~E
         FOLLOW-iNG TEXTS AND PREACHED ThEM FOR MANY MONThS AT ThE
         REL-iG-iOUS ASSEMBL-iES OF DpAL RtSES-ThANaH tHE f-iVE tREAT-iSES
         O~ mA-iTRE~A (byids chos sde-LL-iA)/ ThE DBu--ii~A R-i~S ThOGS (-iT
         -iS NOT CLEAR WHY 'gOS LO-TSA-BA L-iSTED ThE rATNAMALA AND ThE
         ~ADHYAMAKAKAR-iKA SE~ARATELY FROM ThE DBu-N~A r-i~S-TShOGS/
         ThE TRCAT-iSES BY nAGARJU-iL-i-i)/ ThE rATNAMALA (t~. DBu-MA/ nO.
         3GO L)/ TL~E sUL~RLLEKHA (t~ OS-'BY~LL-i/ nO. 4496)/ TL-E
         bODH-iSATTVA~ARYAVATARA/ ThE mULAMADL)Y~MAKAK~ A (tG.
         DBu-idA/ nO. 3824)/ mADBYAMAKAVATARA (t~. D6u~ A/ nO.
         3861)/ ThE cATUHSATAKA (t~. DBu-MA/ nO. 3C~46)/ ThE aBH-i-
         DHARMASAMUCCAYA/ TL~E aBH-iDHARMAKOSA/ ThE pAL-iCASK;L~DL~A
         PRAKARANA (tC~ DBu-MA/ nO. 38~6)/ ThE w-iNAYA-SUTRA (N~dO-
         RTSA/ t~. 'dUL-BA/ nO. 4 i -i 7)/ ThE mE-TOG PHREL-i-R~YUD (tG.
         'dUL BA/ nO. 4123~/ ThE tR-iSAT-iKA (sUM-BRGYA-PA/ t~. nO.
         4124?/ TliC pRAT-iMOKSA-SUTR.L (k~. 'dUL-BA/~O. ~)/ ThE--sEyE
         tEXTS ON lOG-iC" (tSL~AD MA SDE-BDUN/ W-iTh ThE pRAMANA
         SAN~UCCAYA (tG. tSL~AD-MA/ nO. 42O3); ThE MdO OF ThE TEXT
         STANDS FOR tShAD-MA-I MDO/ -i. E. ThE tShAD~ A kUA-BTUS OF
         d-iNNAGA)/ AND ThE r-iG-GTER (A TREAT-iSE ON lOG-iC COMPOSED BY
                                                                          p.809
         ThE sA-SKYA R LND-iT ~ N-D~ L' RGYAL-MTShAN. tHE BOOK CONTA-iNS
         H-iS EXPOS-iT-iON OF lO;/-iC (!~iUL.~/ AND ALL AUTO COMMCNTARY/
         STRONGLY CR-iT-iC-iZED BY ThE LATE lO;/-iC-iANS O~ ThE yELLOW SCHOOL.~.
         aLL SCHOLARS BECAME F-iLLED W-iTh ADM-iRAT-iON TOWARDS ~ L. aN~L
         ESPEC-iALLY SO TL-E L~L1ARNLAR~-iJA gRAGS-PA 'BYUL-i-GHAS-PA WL~O
         BECAME MORE ThAN S-iT-iSR1ED/ AND S3-iDH ~hE -iS ThE ONLY M~N
         WHO HAS DONE MORE TL-~N i HAD HOPED FOR/ AMONG ALL ThOSE
         WHOM i L-AD ASS-iSTED. nOW HE W-iLL BE ABLE TO BECOME MY
         PREACHER!" hE WAS VERY PLELSED. tHE F-iRST -iN-iT-iAT-iON OBTA-i-iL-
         ED BY H-iM -iN Th-iS PRESENT L-iFE/ WAS ThE -iN-iT-iLT-i~N -iNTO TL)E
         M~NDALA OF 'kHOR-LO CHEN-PO (;-i FORM OF wAJRAPAN-i) BESTOUED
         ON H-iM BY H-iS FATL1ER/ A GREAT V-iDYADHARA/ -iN L1-iS CH-iLDHOOD.
         hE WAS ThEN G-iVEN ThE SECRET NAME OF aKSOBHYAVAJRA (m-i-
         BSKYOD RDO-R~E). f~LRThER/ i~E OBTA-iNED MANY ~PERM-iSS-iONS"
         (R~ES-GNAN/ TO READ ThE TEXTS BELONG-iNG TO ThE cYCLES) OF g-i-iR
         (MgO1L-PO gUR/ A FORM O~ mAL1AKALHL) AND ~LL (MgON-PO ~AL-
         B~-i/ A ~ORM OF mAL-~-iK~ W-iTL1 FOUR L-iEADS)/ AL-D TL~E k1L~CAKRA.
         hE ThOUGHT AFTER ThAT ThAT HE ShOULD SAT-iSFY H-iS W-iSDOM BY
         SEARCH-iNG FOR TL~E BC~LNDLESS dOCTR-iNE/ G-iV-iNG UP ALL PART-iAL-iTY
   (26B) TOWATDS ThEOR-iES/ N-ONASTER-iES/ ETC.
            hE PROCEEDED TO nA-LEN-DR~ N ONASTETY -iN ~pi1AN-Y~-iL)
         AND L-iSTENED To MANY -iNSTRUCT-iONS BY rON-STON SmRA-BA'L SEN-
         GE/ SUCH AS (ThE EXPOS-iT-iON) OF ThE f-iVE tREAT-iSES OF mA-iTTEY~
         (bY~MS-CHOS-LN;L)/ ThE mULAMADHYA-iNAKAKAR-iKH~/ ThE mADHYA-
         MAKAVAT~RA/ ThE bODL1-iSATTVACARYAV~TARA (SpYOD-'~UG)/ ThE
         dUL-BA mE-TOG PL1RE-i;-RGY--i~j (tG. RgYUD/ nO. 4123~/ ThE
         ThREE bL-AVANAKRAMAS (SgOM-R-iL1L/ tG. D6u-MA/ nOS. 39i5-
         3617)/ AS WELL AS NUMEROL-iS ShORT EXPOS-iT-iO-i-iS Oe ThE pR~JR-iL-
         P~RAM-iTL AND ThE ThEOR-iES OF ThE mADHYAMAKA. fROM ThE
         lORD BkRA-S-iS RNA-iN-RGYAL HE L-EARD ThE pR~JN;1PARLM-iTA/ lOG-iC/
         TEXTS BELONG-iNG TO ThE mADYAM-iKA SYSTEM (DBu-M;L-SKOR/
         ThE m;~DHYAMAKA cYCLE)/ ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON CF hEVAJR~ AND
         nA-iRDTMA (kYE-RDOR YAL~ Y~NN). fROM R~OG bYAL-i-CH~-i6-D~AL/
         TL~E i~sT OF ThE SEVEN DESCENDANTS OF R~O;// (HE LLEATD) ThE
         -iN-iT-iAT-iON -iNTO ThE SEVEN M~ND;LL~S OF R~OG/ AND OBTA-iNED
         MANY PERM-iSS-iONS (L~LN). fROM D~ T-STON RgYAL-MTShAN 'OD-
                                                                          p.810
         ZER (HE OBTA-iNCD) MjNY -iN-iT-iAT-iONS OF ThE mANTRAYANA/ fROM
         ThE SnAR-T63N UPADHYAYA BsOD-NAMS N~CHOG-GRUB-PA (HE
         RECE-iVCD) ThE PERM-iSS-iON (LU;-i) O~ ThE pANCABHUM-i OF aSANGA
         sA-SDE/ tG. sEMS-TSAM. nO5- 4)35-37/ 40~8/ 4039/ 4040-
         40~i-2). fROM ThE MAHA-L-iP3DHYAYA kUN-RGYAL-BA L~E OBTA-iN-
         ED) -iNLNY -iN-iT-i~T-iONS/ sucii AS ThE w;LJRAN ALA (RdO-R~E PHREN-
         BA) AND ThE wAJRACAR-AKR~ASAMUCCAYA (tG. RgYUD/ nO.
         330S~/ ThE DOCTR-iNE Oe ThE ~-pATh AND fRU-iT" (l~M-'BRAS)/
         ThE u-RGYAN BSNEN-GRUB (sEVASADHANA BY u-RGYAN-PA)/ ThE
         ~s-iX dOCTR-iNES" (OF nA RO-PA)/ ThE mAHA~NUDRA/ AND MANY
         OThERS hE ALSO ATTER.DED NUMCROUS REC-iT~LS Oe ThE tANTR-iC
         SECT-iON OF ThE BkA'-'GYUR (~gYUD-'BUM)/ AND mANY EXPOS-i-
         T-iONS/ SUCH AS ThE SgRON-GSAL (pRAD-iPODYOTANSNAMA-TLKA/ tG.
         RgYUD/ nO. 1785) AND OThER TEXTS. hAV-iNG COME TO 'tShUR-
         PHU L-E OBTA-iNED ~ROM '~AM-DBYANS dON-GRUB 'OD-ZER WHATEVER
         -iN-iT-i~T-iOL-S/ PRECEPTS AND ExPOS-iT-iOL S OF TEXTS WERE FOUND -iN
         ThE oCEAN OF ThE DpAL kAR-M~-PA DOCTR-iNE. fROM ThE ACARYA
         yE-SES RGY;L-NLTShO-BA AND/ A~ER GO-iNG TO bRAG-NAG/ FROM ThE
         lORD r-iN-CHEN RGYAL-MTSL1AN/ L1E OBTA-iNED ThE -iN-iT-i~T-iON R-iTES OF
         MANY MANDALAS OF ThE "oUTER" AND ~LNNER" tANTRAS
         (--iNNER" STANDS FOR aNUTTARA-YOGA; "oUTER" OR pHY-i STANDS
         FOR ThE ThREE OThER tANTRA CLASSES)/ SUCH AS ThE kALACAKRA AND
         OThERS. fROM 'gOS LO-TSA-BA GH~ON-NU-DPAL (ThE AUThOR OF ThE
         d~B-ThER S~O-iL-PO) HE OBTA-iNED ThE pRAJNAS~ARAM-iTA AND TL~E
         ~ s-iX bAS-iC tEXTS OF ThE BkA'-GD-i MS-PAS" (6kA'-GDAMS-GZUR;-
         DRUG. KlOR;-RDOL BLA-MA-I GsUR;-'BUM/ bOOK xxw (rA)/ FOL.
         2~ -iKSASAMUCCAYA/ bODH-iSATTVACARYAVATARA/ sA-I DNOS-GZ-i/
         s~LTRALAMKARA (sA-RGYAL1 GN-iS)/ jAT;LKAMALA ARLD uDANAVARGL)/
         AND NUMEROUS -iN-iT-i~T-iONS AND ~PERM-iSS-iONS' (R~ES-GN~R;) OF
         TL-E "oLD" tANTRAS (S~A-'GYUR). iN PART-iCULAR/ ThE lO-TSA-I
         SKAD-DOD (A d-iCC-iONARY FOR ThE USE) OF TRDNSLATORS/ ThE
         SgR;L-I sA-R-iS (d-iAGRAL1LS (sA-R-iS--~iR/LW-iNG OF F-iGURES
         LETTERS ON A U OO~LEN B~ LRD STRE~/N w-iTL1 ASL~ES(~/
         ThE ~R-i kALACAKRA/ ThE SgRON-GS~-iL (tG. RgYUD/ nO. 17 5)/
         TL~E hEV~JRA/ ETC/ AS WELL ~-i~ TL~C EXPOS-iT-i~)NS Oe OThER tANTRAS.
         hE USED TO FAM-iL-iAR-iZE H-iMSELF W-iTh ThE SUBJECTS PREACHED BY
                                                                          p.811
         ThE tEACHER ALL DAY LONG/ AND -iN Th-iS MANNER HE BECAME
         A GREAT SCHOLAR -iN NUMEROUS sUTRAS AND tANTRAS. fURThER/
         HE MASTERED ThE ~AR-iO-LS SC-iENCES/ SUCH AS PROSODY/ MED-iC-iNE
         A~ ThE ARTS/ BEF-iTT-iNG A SCHOLAR. hE BECAME W-iThOUT EFFORT
         ThE GRE;LTEST SCHOL-iLR ON TL~E R-iELD Oe R-iTES AND t~NTR-iC METhODS/
         SUCH AS R-iTUji DANC-iNG/ SONGS/ AND ThE DR~W-iN~/ AND OUTL-iN-iTLG
         OF M~ND~LAS. iN P~RT-iCULAR/ HE ATTENDED ON wAN~TATN~/ ThE
         GRE~T P;LND-iT;L OF sA;jF-AGTRT (GROL-i-KL~YER dAM-PA) -iN e~-iSTERN
         iNCj-iA/ WHO L~AD COME TO t-iBETJ AND OBTA-iNE(L FROM H-iM
         -iNSTRUCT-iON/ SUCH AS ThE sAD;TNG;L-YOGL/ ThE H-iGHEST OF ALL ThE
         pATL~S Oe w;1JRAYANA/ AND ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON OF ThE tH-iRTEEN dE-iT-iES
         OF ThE s~MVARA cYCLE ACCOR~L-iNG TO ThE SYSTEM OF gBANTAP TLA
         (dR-iL-BU-PA)/ W-iTh ThE L~ELP OF ~ H-iCL1 ThE GREAT P3ND-iTA L1-iMSELF
         HAD OBTA-iNED ThE REAL-iZAT-iON/ ANTL ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON AND AUThOR-i-
         ZAT-iON Oe TL~E kALTCAKRA/ ETC. hE STW ThE MAL~L-P~ND-iTA OFF
         TO nEPAL AS FAR AS 'dOL-KHA/ AND OBTA-iNED FROM H-iM SOME
         EXTENS-iVE EXYOS-iT-iONS OF TEXTS/ SUCL~ AS ThE pRAT-iPATT-iSARAS~LTAK A
         BY aRYADEVA (S~-iN-PO BRGYA-PA/ tG. RgYUD/ nO.2334).
         tL30-i-GLL ThE PAnd-iTA (wANARATNA) COULD NOT G-iVE H-iM ThE COM-
         PLETE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE cOMMENTARY ON ThE k TLAC~KRA-t~NTRA
         (w-iMALTPRTBHA)/ HE GAVE H-iM A DETA-iLED EXPLANAT-iON OF ThE
         D-iFFLCULT PO-iNTS (OF ThE SYSTEM) -iN ThE FORM OF REPL-iES TO H-iS
         Q~1EST-iONS. hE ã¹iNDERSTOO;L ALL ThE CONCLUS-iONS/ AND ThUS H-iS
         GRACE -iN ThE kALACAKRA BECTME ~REAT -iN TL~-iS REG-iON. l~TER
         R~ tL~ LS-C-iLD MKHYEN-PA (ThE lORD aLL-KNOW-iNG) bYAMS-PA
         GL-iT;-Y3/ T!LE gREAT/ AND DpAL k;LR-RNA-P;L/ (ThE FOURTh) HOLDER
         OF TL-E rE~L cROWN (Z-VA-DN~TR COD-PAN 'DZ-iN-PA)/ BESTOWED ON
         H-iM N-i-iMEROUS -iN-iT-iAT-iONS/ EXPOS-iT-iONS/ REC-iTALS OF SACRED TEXTS/
         ETC. hE ATTENDED ON NEARLY Th-iRTY TEACHERS WHO WERE LE;LRNE~L
   (27B) AND POSSESSED S-iDDH-iS/ ~ND TL~US CROSSED TL)E oCEAN O~ LEARN-
         -iNG/ H-iS SCHOLARLY FAME ENCOMP~SS-iNG ThE ENT-iRE eARTh.
         tHE fOURTh (cHAPTER)H tHE ACQU-iS-iT-iON OF TBE V-iRTUES OF
         AT1 ORD;L-iNED MONK. aT ThE AGE OF 22/ HE ACQU-iRED ThE V-iRT~LES
         Oe ~N ORDA-iNED MONK BEeORE A CONGREGAT-iON OF 20 MONKS/ TL~E
         M~L1T-UP~ YAYA dON-GRUB DPAL-6T OF ThE tShOGS-CHEN-PAS/
         WL10 BELONGED TO ThE -iMMACTLL~TE L-iNEAGE OF ORD-iNAT-iON OF ThE
                                                                          p.812
         gREAT kASL1N1-iR-iAN PAND-iTA/ ACT-iNG AS L-iPADHYAYA/ ThE lORD
         'gOS LO-TSA-BA G~ON-NU-DPAL (-iT SEEN1S TLAT Th-iS POTT-iON WAS
         -iNSERTE-L BY ThE ED-iTORS Ol TL-E tEXT) AS KARMA-ACARYA/ AND ThE
         GREAT DpAL-'6YOR ;15 sECRET pRECEPTOR (GSAN-STON). hE BECAME
         POSSESSED OF AN EXCELLENT PURE CONDUCT WH-iCH WAS PLEAS-iNG
         TO sA-iNTS (aRYA).
            tHE f-ieTh ~CHAPTER)H ThE OPEN-iNG OF ThE GATES O~ KNOW-
         LEDGE CAUSED BY REFLCCT-iON. dUR-iNG H-iS PREV-iOUS EXTENS-iVE
         ST~LD-iES/ HE EX~M-iNED AND -iNVEST-iGATED (ThE BOOKS) -iN RESPECT
         OF WORDS AND ThE-iR MEAN-iNGS/ AND D-iD NOT SAT-iSFY H-iMSELF
         w-iTL1 ThE N~ERE HEAR-iNG (Oe ThE-iR EXPOS-iT-iON). hE PUT QUEST-iONS
         TO L--iS tEACHER/ P-!T -iN ORDER (ThE tEACHER'S REPL-iES) AND CON-
         DUCTED DEBATES W-iTh ALL ThOSE WHO WERE CONS-iDERE~L TO BE
         SCHO!ARS. tHUS HE MASTCRED ThE -iNNERMOST MEAN-iNG OF ALL
         SACRED TEXTS.
            fURThER/ HE USED TO SPEND L1-iS T-iME -iN SECLUS-iON AT RtSES-
         ThAN BsATN-GL-iN/ pHO-BR31-i 'uM-BU BLA-MKL1AR/ RgYAL-BZANS/
         BsAM-YAS 'CH-iMS-PHU/ kHR-iMS-KHAN-GL-iN/ bRAG-MA KLU-PHUG/
         AND OThER PLACES. hE STUD-iED ALL ThE SACRED TEXTS CONTA-iNED
         -iN TBE B.kA'-'GYUR AND ELSEWHERE/ AND ACQU-iRED A DEEP UNDER-
         STAND-iNG OF ThE ESSENCE OF ThE MEAN-iNG OF EACH WORD -iN ThESE
         TEXTS. wH-iLE RES-iD-iNG AT DpAL RtSES-ThAN AND lAS-STOD-BYAN/
         (HE READ) TW-iCE ThE BStAN-'GYUT/ ThE cOLLECT-iON OF wORKS
         (BkA'-'BUM) BY bU-STON/ ThE dE N-iD-'DUS-PA (sARVATATh;~GATA-
   (28A) TATTVASAMGRAHA-LLAMA-MAHâƒYâƒNAS-LTRA/ kG. RgYUD 'BUM/ nO.
         479)/ AND OThER TEXTS/ ALL ThAT WA5 TO BE FOUND -iN ThE t-iBETAN
         LANG~-i;LGE. iN ShORT/ WHEREVER HE WENT/ HE USED TO READ ~11
         AVA-iLABLE SH-iCRED TEXTS/ LARGE OR ShORT. eVERYDAY L1E USED TO
         EXPAND ThE OCEAN OF H-iS m-iND/ COMPLETELY F-iLLED W-iTh ThE
         GAMES OF KNOWLEDGE. hE BECAME A GREAT SCHOLAR S-iN~-iLAR TO
         ThE K-iNG OF PREC-iOUS GEMS/ FULF-iLL-iNG ThE DES-iRES OF ALL L-iV-i-i-G
         BE-iNGS/ HEADED BY TL~OSE WL1O POSSESSED A STRONG W-iSh FOR
         EMA-iLC-iPAT-iON.
            tHE S-iXTh (CHAPTER)H ThE ACQU-iS-iT-iON OF BEAT-iTUDE OBTA-iNED
         BY ThE POWER OF BLESS-iN~/ (OF ThE bUDDL~A)--6Y Th-iS i MEAN
         ThE MAN-iFESTAT-iON OF ThE MANNER OF ACQA-iT-iNG AN EXCELLENT.
                                                                          p.813
         RCAL-iZAl-iON. tH-iS HOLY MAN LL~w-iLL~ ATTA-iNED ThE DEGREE OF
         A FULLY-ENL-iGL~TENED mAH⃠SATTVA AB-iD-iNG -iN ThE H-i~ R STAGE
         (mAHABL~UM-i/ S;L-CBEN-PO)/ MAN-iFESTED ThC M-iR~CLE OF TEB-iRTL1
         AS DES-iRED BY H-iM. fROM H-iS CL1-iL~3HOOD L1E TURNED TOWARDS
         TL-E ã¹D-iRECT' MEAN-iNG (i1LTA-~RThA) OF ThE dOCTR-iNE/ AND L)EsAUSE
         Oe Th-iS/ HE WAS ABL~ TO L-iSTEN TO MANY K-iNDS Oe EXPOS-iT-iOL~S
         (OF ThE dOCTR-iNE) BY HOLY MEN/ ShOWED GTEAT -D-iL-iGENCE/ AND
         MAN-iFESTED MANY K-iNDS OF PERFECT-iON. hE OBTA-iNED ThE "s-iX
         dOCTR-iNES" (OF ~A RO-PA) FROM ThE lORD 'gOS/ ThC mAHL-
         TLPADL-YAYA k~LN-RGYAL-BA AND 'tShUR-PHU '~ L-DBY~R;S GO-SN.
         hE PRACT-iSED TL~E-iR (PRECEPTS) AND ALL -iNCONROVERT-iBLE UL1DER-
         STAND-iiLG OF ThE mAH⃠MUDR⃠STATE WAS BORN -iN H-iM. 0L1
         BE-iNG -iN-iT-iATED -iNTO ThE MAND~ O~ ~RL-dDKARNAVANLAHAYO-
         ~-idLT~NTRARAJL (kG. RgYUD-'BUM/ nO. 372)/ HC BECAN1C
         POSSESSED BY A DC-iTY AND EXPER-iENCED AN -iNTENSE BEAT-iTUDE.
         wHEN HE OL~T~-iLLED AT bRAG-NAG ThE -iU-iT-iAT-iON T-iTE OF ThE yOGA-
         tANTRA FROM ThE lORD r-iN CHEN RGYAL-MTShAN-PA~ HE GOT A
          URE V-iS-iON/ ~L~-iC11 MADE H-iL~ UNDERSTAND ThE wORLD AND ALL
         L-iV-iNG BE-iNG'S (BCUD) TO REPRESENT ThE GREAT MAndALA OF ThE ThREE
         Dp~ LpAL-N~ O~ -i-Po)/ RtSE (LdO-R~E RTSE-MO~/ AND DBy-iT;S
         (RL)O L~C-~B~-iR;S. ~sBORT1-iK -i~OBZA~L1CN-iY 300 6UTKHANOV"
   (28B) 1~-i6~. 13U~ . w/ pL~ Z6/ 77). l;LTER WL)EN HE WAS PER~OR~ 
         ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON OF ThE SEVEN MAndALAS OF R~OG FOR TLLE BEL1EF-iT
         OF H-iS hOL-iNESS (LpAL ~L~OS-KY-i GRAGS PA/ TL1E L~OLDER OF ThE
         rC~L cROWN OF k~R-N1A-PA (Dp~i kAR-N1A-~A ~WA-DN~AR
         CO~-~)DN '~ C LUD A V-iS-iON OF ;111 ThE SEVEN MAndALAS
         ~e R~OG SURROUNDED BY A RA-iNBOW. w6ELL HE CAME TO ThE
         SACRCD ~L~CE Oe tS;L-R-i-TRA/ ThE LOCAL DC-iTY (~ SKYO-iL/ KSETTA-
          l~ )CLRC~L -iN H-iS ~RO~ER F~3RN~ RLD P~RFORMED WORK (O-i1
         H-iS BCLL.-iL~). h~ ERCC-iVEj TL~E PECUL-iLR-iT-iES OF Th-iS SACRED
         ~LACE ;iS CORRESPOND-iNG TO ThE REAL FORMS OF DAK-inâŒS AND VâŒRAS
            60) .iCCORj-iN~ TO ThE ThREE PHY-i-HAL~ ALL ~PL~Y-i--DE-iT-iES
         ~RCS-iD-iN~ OVER ThE sUN/ mOON AND sTARS; NAR;--DE-iT-iES
         PRES-iD-iNG OVER ThE -iNN~R ORGANS O~ ThE BODY/ G~AN--OThER
         DE-iT-iES). ~ EN L1E WAS PERFORN--iL)G TW-iCE ThE R-iTE OF PR~-
         PAR-iL-i~ NCCTAR ~ (Bl~UD.R-iL-BU) -iN A SKULL-CUP ENDOWED W-iTh
                                                                          p.814
         YROPCR MARKS/ ThE SCENT OF ThE MpD-iC-iNC ~R-iVELOPCD H-iS CHT-iTC
         DWELL-iNG. tL~E NCCTAR WH~S SEEN TO T~OW CNDLESSLY FROM A J~R
         OF W-iNC (S-iL-iS-BU). hE D-i~COVCRED TL~E S-iGO OF w.LJRA-G~RUD~
         (RdO-R~C -i1AN~-MLCHA'-LD-iL-i) AT lHO-BR-iG MKHAR-CH-i-i. aT gRO-
         BO-~UN HE H~ET ThE SA-iNT (PHTUS~TTAMA) mAR-PA WL~O G~VE H-i
         H-iS BLESS-iN;/. hE ThEN SA~G TL~E FOLLOW-iNG 50dGH
            "iN ThE SP-iR-iTUAL PALACC OF nOTTh ~AN1BL1ALA/
             hE WAS DWELL-iNG ;iN~-iDST F-iVE 11UNDRED QUCEL1S.
             nOW HE HAS COME -iNTO MY PRESENCE!
             dO YOU SEE H-iM? iS ThERE (ANOThER) FORTUN-iTE OL~E~"
            hE SA-iD NUMEROUS PSALMS OO i--iS ATTA-iL1MEL1T OF MENTAL
         CONCEL1TR~T-iON AT TL1C A60~E PLACCS/ ~S WELL AS AT ~.1N1-6-iL/
         RgYAL-PO-I K6AB/ ~HHu BAR/ 'tSL~CL-M-iN/ 6sAM-GTALL-GHN/ AND
         OThER LOCAL-iT-iES/ AND ThESE PSALMS WERE RECE-iVED BY ALL W-iTL-
         AMAZEMENT -iN RESPCCT OF ThE-iR WORDS AND MEAN-iNG. hE
         TRANSFORMED ~ SELF -iNTO 'gOS LO-TSA-BA GZON-NU-ZABS/ 'gRO-
         MGON pHAG-N1O-GRU-PA/ AND DpAL-CHE-MCHOG (~L-E CH-iEF D-iV-i-
         N-iTY OF ThE R~-i-iL-MA-PAS~/ AND PREACHED T6E dOCTR-i-iLE L~RES-iD-i-iLG
         OVER A-iL ASSELdBLY OF DAK-iNLS. hOWE-/ER/ L~C PRETENDED ThAT
         HE HAD PERFORMED -iL~ ~ DREAM. hE SA-iD ThAT HE HAD SEC-i-
         SMOKE COM-iNG OUT BELWEEN TL~E E~ E-BROWS OF 'gOS-G~ON-
   (29A) iLu-I--i~D65 wH-iCH ThEN S~RE~D -iN TL~E SKY/ AND WL3EN
         L1E L1AD LOOKED AT -iT ATTENT-iVELY/ HE SAW LLUN~BETLESS
         FORULS OF ThE SUNYA-RU~ (ONE OF ThE TEN V-iS-iONARY
         FORL1LS DESCR-iBED -iN ThE kALACAKRA(sEKODDES~TLKA/ ED. cAR~LL-i
         (bARODA/ 194i)/ P. 35H DHUNLA/ SMOKE-i MAR-iCL/ N~-iRAGE; KL~A-
         SKYA/ DYOTA/ F-iRE-NY; D;~A/ LAMP; JVALA/ ~ME; CANDRA/ mOON;
         A~L-iTYA/ sUN; rAHU/ ECL-iPSE; 6-iND~-i/ SPOT). l~TER/ WL1EN L~C
         WAS L-iS~CN-iNG TO TL~E RCC-iTAT-iON Oe TL1E GnAS-BRT~N-G~-i si11011-
         LAM CL~CN-MO BY ~ipAL bYAN1S-PA-GL-i~ A/ TL~E gREAT/ HE SAW ThE
         ~UDDHA SURROUODED BY ;-iRLL;LTS AS WELL AS ThE SCENCRY DCSCR-iBCD
         -iN ThE POEM ~s~i~AV-iRO~AN-iLL~ LTR~LLA BY bL1~VASK;LNDL~A/ t~.
         s~R-iN-Y-iG/ nO. .~99). tHE YAL-iS.L (GHOD-SBY-iN) RwO-R~E
         BDUD-'(LUL (wAJR.L-~iARAD~MA) LABOURED ON H-iS BE .LLF -iN L~-iS
         REAL FORM. tHE dHARMARAJA l-i-BY-i~ A-RA P~CSEdTED H-iN~ W-iTL~
         ThC SEAL UF ThE mASTER OF ThC dOCTR-iNC. hE L1.LD A CLE.LR V-iS-iUH
                                                                          p.815
         OF ThE -iNS-iDE OF TBE GREAT STUP~-i O~ b)AMS-PA-GL-iL-i F-iLLED W-iTh A
         ThOUSAUD bUDDHAS OF TL~E bH3D~;1KALPA S-iN~-iLAR TO A HEAP OF
         GR;L-iN. tHE wENCTABLE mANJUGHOSA STRETCH-iL-~ OUT H-iS R-iGBT
         GOLDEN HAND/ PLACED -iT ON L--iS L~EAD AND BLESSED H-iN1. DpAL
         bYAMS-PA-GL-iL-i PA/ ThE GREAT/ HLV-iNG DESCENDED FROM ThE
         tUS-iTA L~EAVEN/ PREACHED TO H-iN1 MANY DOCTR-iNES -iN ThE SYMBO-
         L-iC~L 611GUAGE (DGONS-SK-iLD/ SANDL~ABHASA).-i oN MANY OCC~-
         S-iONS L~E N~ET ThE GREAT PLND-iTA (wANARATNA)/ WHO (APPEARED TO
         L~-iNL) -iN ThE ~ORM OF A PAND-iT~/ A YOG-iN/ AND A GOD. aFTCR
         TL~E DE~)ARTURE OF ThE GREAT PAND-iTA TO tUS-iT~ E -iNSTRU~-
         TED L-i-iLLL -iN A V-iS-iON TO PTOCEED TO TL~E l~KE OF tSA-R-i (tSA-R-i-
         ~YU-MTSL-iO)/ PREACHED ThE dOCTT-iNE ~O L~-iN1/ AYPO-iNTED L1-iNL L1-iS
         CH-iC~ D-iSC-iL-LE/ AND GAVE H-iM ThE S-iLwATsA EMBLEM OF (H-iS) L1E~RT.
         iN RE;~ E ALSO/ ThE SKULL-CUP WL -iCH HE USED -iN M.-iK-iNG
         OF~CR-iN;/S TO H-iS tCACHER/ ACQU-iRCD ThE COLOUR OF PEARL/ AND
         OUT OF -iT ~PPEARED A CLEARLY V-iS-iBLE -iN~AGE O~ ThE GREAT PAND-iTA
         wiN~R-iLTLL.-i). tHE -iL~S-iDE AND OUTS-iDE OF ThE GREAT STUPA OF
         bYAMS-PA-GL-iN APPEARED TO H-iS V-iS-iOA Oe W-iSDOM 35 A PURE
         S~LLERE. 13CCAUSE OF ALL Th-iS L~E s-iLLLG ThE FOLLOW-iNG SONGH
            tHE dHARMA KAYA/ FREE OF ThOUGHT CONSTRUCT-iON/ ThE BODH-i C-iTTA/
   (29B)    tH-iS SACRED FORM ENDOWED W-iTh ThE Th-iRTY-SEVEN MARKS OF
         eNL-iGHTENMENT (ThE 37 BODH-i-PAL-iS~S. sEE mUVTPT/ 3~-44)/
         A~ CAR-iNG AS A ~RC~T STUPA~ D-iSPLAY-iNG 84/000 GATES
         O~ REL-i~-iON.
            eVEN -iN ThE SMALLEST PART-iCLE OF WH-iCH/ ThERE (WERE FOUND)
         COUNTLESS PARAD-iSES!
            dO YOU SEE TL1EM? iS ThERE A FORTUN;LTE ONE?
            iT APPEARS CLEARLY TO ThE EYES O~ MYSELF/ ThE ~O~-iN!"
            hC PERCE-iV~D ThE CON1L~LETE TEN S-iGNS (RT;LGS-BCU) OF
         NLC.L-iT;LT-iO-iL AFTER L1E.LR-iT1G TL~E RCC-iTAT-iON OF TL~E GU-iCLE TO ThC
         ~'~-iX pRACT-iCES" (Sb~OR DRU~) BY RL~E MAL-A-UPADHYAYA kUN-
         R~YA~ D. hE EXPER-iENCED ;L ~EEL-iNd OF B~AT-iTUDE -iN H-iS
         BODY ;~ND A WONDER~UL SENSAT-iON OF A CL1ANGE C~ME OVER H-iM.
         oF ThE S~VERAL D-iFFERENE V-iS-iONS (SEEN BY H-iM) BEFORE ThC
  pRAl~O~LH cH-iLNDLA b~GCL~ sTUD-iES -iN ThE tDRLTRAS". cALTUTTA/ 1939/ P. ~7.
                                                                          p.816
         DkAR-RU -iMAGE O~ dAM-PA AT d-iN-T-i/ ONE (WAS) ThE V-iS-iON OT
         A MAN-iFESTAT-iON WH-iCH APPEARED TO BE ~HE REAL FOR-iN O~ TBE
         -iN~AGE. tBE REFLECT-iON O~ ThE -iMAGE WH-iCH L~E S~W -iN ThE
         M-iRROR WAS A FORM S-iM-iLAR TO ThE -iMAGE O~ bAL-TL1UL-TNA (NAME
         OF A FAMOUS STATUE O~ dAM-PA)/ w-iTh A SMALL mAH⃠BODH-i
         STUPA ON ThE CROWN Oe -iTS HEAD. hE SAW EMANAT-iNG FROM ThE
         SPACE BETWEEN ThE EYEBROWS OF TB-iS ~ORM -iNNUMERABLE S-iGNS O~
         S-iDDH-i/ AND A T-iLAKA MARK -iNS-iDE WH-iCH A~)PEARED -iNNUMERABLE
         FORMS O~ ThE SUNYA-RUPA. iN Th-iS MANNER HE OBTA-iNED
         NUMBERLESS V-iS-iONS OF ThE SUNYA-RUPA. wE F-iND -iN H-iS L-i~E-
         STORY ThE FREQUENT STATEL1LENT ThAT HE HAD SEEN -iNNUMERABLE
         FORMS OF ThE SUNYA-RUPA. tH-iS MEANS ThAT HE L AD SEEN BY
         H-iS EYE OF W-iSDOM ThE hOLY sPHERE OF w-iSDOM -iN WH-iCL~ ALL
         GODS OF ThE UTPANNAKRAMA AND SAMPANNAKRAMA DEGREES/
         bUDDHAS AND hOLY bODB-iSATTVAS/ EQUAL TO ATOMS -iN NUMBCRS/
         APPEARED W-iTh-iN EACH ATOM. aT zANS-PHU O~ sOUTh gRO-BO-
         LUN HE WAS CNCOURAGED BY A PROPHECY ThAT HE WAS DEST-iNCD
         TO ATTA-iN SP-iR-iTUAL REAL-iZAT-iON -iN nEPAL/ AND OBTA-iN ThE MYST-iC
         TRANCE/ SUCH AS ThE SVA~HSRA (RA-iL-BY-iN-RLAB~)/ AND HE PiOCEEDED
         TO n~PAL. tHE lORD OF m-iTACULOUS pOWERS (S-iD~ SVAR~)
   (30A) wANARATNA L~AV-iNG N~AN-i~ESTED ThE -iNL1ATE W-iSDOM OF -iN-iT-iAT-iOL-
         -iNTO ThE ~ DALA O~ s~N~VARL/ WH-iCH -iS ThE ESSENCE OF ThE
         UND-iF~ERENT-iATED ~o~-iTER"/ ~-LNNER" AL~D ~sECRET" ASPECTS/
         ~S WELL AS TL~E uL--ioi- o~ Th~ Th-iRTEEN DE-iT-iES (O~ Th ~ALL-VARA
         cYCL^)/ HE BECAME ~ bODH-iSATTVA mAH⃠SATTVA/ DWELL-iNG ON
         ~HE H-iGHEST STAGE/ AND REAL-iZ-iNG ThE SAMADH-i-AT-iGA/ WH-iCL
         WAS CALLED TL1E PRABHASVLRA O~ ThE FOURTh ST.LGE (SThE E-iGL1Th
         BBUNL-i) OF ThE pANCAKTAM~ OF ThE gUHYASAMAJA. tBE EVENTS
         w~L-ici' TOOK PLACE BETWEEN H-iS -iNST-iLLAT-iON AS c/LKRAVART-iN OF
         ThE s-iDDL~AS AND H-iS ATTA-iNMENT OF ThE STATE O~ BEAT-iTU~E OF ThE
         EXCELLENT STAGE (MCHOG-G-i ~OAS--bUDDHAL1OOD) WERE DESCR-iBED
         -iN H-iS SONGS;
         "LN ThE YEAR Oe bH~NUTARA (~ SGROL-BYED/ S-i-iL-S~RC--
         1464 a.d.).
         -iN ThE MONTh OF wLSAKHA/ -iN ThE SOUThERN RE~-iON/
         -iN ThE L1OUSE O~ tAN~-LL1RA OF gRO-BO-I KL~LNS/
                                                                          p.817
         WHEN -iT WAS F-iLLED BY FE~ST-iNG CLAK-iN-iS/ (i WAS TOLD ThAT) ThE
         PROPHECY BY ThE N-iRMâƒnA-KâƒYA (wANARATNA) WH-iCH SA-iD ThAT
         ~AT ThE T-iME OF TL~E R-iPE~ G O~ ~ -iKL R-iCE/
         ~OUR W-iSh W-iLL BE~R FTU-iT'/
         WO~-iLD BE M~DC MLN-i~EST.
         tH-iS -iS ThC F-iRST ENCOURAGEmENT (RECE-iVED BY H-iM).
         tHEN -iN ThE YE~T Oe p~RTh-iV~ (SL-SKYON/ S-iR-i-BYL--1465 a.d.)/
         -iN TL~E MONTh OF c-iTR-i (n;LG~/ ThE 3RD MONTL1 OF ThE
         t-iBETAN YEAR~/
         -iN ThE V-iR;~ P3KSL (-i.E. ThE KRSNA-PHLKSL OR ThE L~ST L1ALF Oe
         iTE L~LT-~LT MONTh)/
         ON ThE D;LY OF k~L-iKL (r-iGS-LDAN~/
         HiT kU~ m-BU/ WHEN cANDLK~ D GLOR-iF-iED (ME)
         BY HER BLESS-iNG/
         ;i CROW'S DROPP-i~ FELL ON MY L-E~D ~ND ShE S~
         ~0 SON! yOU WHO W-iSh TO MEET YOUR FAThER/
         W-iLL -iNEET D;LN~ER ~ OBST-iCLCS'.
         ~wiL-iLE i W~S TERR-iF-iED (LLE;-R-iN~/) Th-iS PROPHECY/
         TL~ERE ~PE;LRED (A~t~ )) ThE ~ORM O~ i RED gARUD3/
         ~ND GATL~ERED CLOU.~S (CL~ LZ-i-iL) FROM ThE fOUR qU~RTERS/
         ~ND C-i~USED A ShO~ ER OF R;L-iN TO F;LLL UH-iCH -iNUND~TCD ThE
         ENT-iRE CO~LNTRYS-iDE.
         aFTCR Th~T ThE BL;LCK FORM OF g~R~LDA WAS MAN-iFESTED/
         HN~D TR;LNSFORMED -iTSCLF -iNTO ~ L~R~HH~K~LA/ AND S~-iDH
         tH-iS SECRET OLLLEN -iND-iCATES ThAT YOUR WORLDLY WORK W-iLL BE
         HAND-iCAPPED BY -iLL-~ME.
         yOU ShOULD CULT-iV~TE A DES-iRE TOW~RDS bUDDH1HOOD ONLY.'
         tL~-iS W~S ThE SECOND ENCOuR~GcmENT (RCCE-i~CD BY H-iM).
         iN ThE SAME YEAR O~ p~RTh-iVA (S3-SKYOT-i--iQ6; a.d.~/
         -iN ThE MONTh cHL1U-STOD (ThE 6TLL MONTh O~ ThE t-iBETAN YE~R)/
         -iN ThE SUKLA-PAKSL (TL~E HRST L~-iLF O~ ThE LUNAR MONTL~/
         -iN TL~E M-iDDLE Rgs~i-B~ (ThE 8~1~ DAY OF ThE S-iXTh MONTL~;
         ACCORD-iNG TO TL~E k.~ C~L~RA ThE D;-YS OF A L~ MONTh(LUNAR)
         ~-ERE D-iV-iDED -iNTO F-i~E ~RO~LPS OF DLYS/ N~-i-iNELYH RgY~ B~ D~
         PO/ Rg~ B~ GN-iS ~ g~ BA MTh~' M;L; Dg'-B~ DL-i;-PO/
         Dg~' B;L GN-iS~ -ig~'-BL MTL~ m~; RdZO~/S-Y~ D~L-i-PO/
                                                                          p.818
         RdZOGS PA GN-iS-PA/ RdZO~S-P~ MThA'-MA-i Bz~ PO DAN PO/
         BzAN-PO GN-iS-PA/ BzAN-PO MThA'-N-i~; StON-PA D~H-PO......
         iST DAY--Dgi'-BA D~R;-PO. 2ND DAY--BzAN-PO DAN-PO. 3RD
         DAY--RgY~L-B~ D~R;-PO. 4Th DH-iY--StCN-PA DAR;-PO. 5~1
         DLY_RdZO~/S PH-i DLN-PO. gTL1 D~Y--Dg;~'-B~ GN-iS-P~. 7Th
         D~Y--BziR-i-PO GN-iS-PA/ ETC.!.
            iN ThE SOUThERN ~iSLAND OF jEWELS' (r N-PO CL~E-I GL-iN/ PRO-
         B~BLY r-iN-CHEN GL-iN/ OR rATN~LV-iL~A/ nEPAL?)/
         tL~E GR~N~LF~ThER/ ThE BL~CK-F-iLCED r-i-DAGS-DGR;~ B~-R-i)/
   (30B) aND MY F3ThER/ ~ MONK -iN ~-iPPE~R;LNCE (-i.E. wAN~R.1TNL)
         TOGEThER BESTOWED ThE-iT L~LCSS-iNG.
         iN 3 WOODEN HOUSE/ SURROUNDED BY WOODEN BO~RDS/
         ~OThER m-iG-M;LNS ('m~NY-EYED'/ -i.E. ~R~JT;LVARAHL) LO~KED
         ~FTER ME!
            tH-iS WAS SECRETLY REVEALED TO ME BY ONE OF MY OWN D-iSC-iPLES.
         K H~L ThE S-iGN OF A STR-iCT SECRET/ ~ND -iT WAS S~-iD/
         ~i~ WH15 -iMYROPER To REVEAL -iT -iN ~N ~SSEMBLY~.
            tH-iS W~S ThE TL--iRD ENCOUR~GEMENT TOW;LRDS bUDDH;LHOOD.
         tL~EN/ ThE SON/ W-iSh-iNG TO REC-LRN TO H-iS N~T-iVE COUNTRY (-i.E.
         FRONL nEPH~L To t-iBET)/
            aRR;LNGED To GO ThERE D-iSGU SED AS A MERCHANT.
         iN ThE YEAR wOOD-hEN (S-iR-i-BYA/ pARTh-iVA/ sA-SKYOR-i/ 1465
         a.d.)/ -iN ThE MONTh O~ aSV-iN-i (DByUG-PA 'DZ-iN-PL 'HOKL-
         -iNG A STA'F-I tHA-SKAR--ThE GTh MONTh OF ThE t-iBETAN YEAR)/
         LN ThE DARK HALF OF ThE LUN~R MONTh (KRSNA-PAKS.L/~/ -iN ThE
         TL--iRD jAY3 (RgY~L-BA/ -i.E. ThE 2~TL~ D;LY Oe ThE MONTh)/
         LN ThE REG-iON OF ThE nORTh/ CALLED -i~tiM-R-iM (-iN GtS.LR;)/
         nE~R ThE pAL~CE OF ThC k~L~C~KR~ (-iM~GE)/
            oN AN ~USP-iC-iOUS DATE (-iND-iC~TED) -iN ~HE PROPHECY OF ThE
         GODS.
            (i HAD A V-iS-iON) OF TWENTY-FOUR DEER-E~E~L (R-i-DW~/S M-iG)
         DAMSELS
            nAKED (PHYOGS-KY-i ~OS-;CDN/ SP~CE-~TT-iRED)/ MOV-iNG ThROUGL~
         T-i~E sKY (-i.E. C~.~K-iL)-iS/ MKH~ GRO-MA)/
         O H~D COmE FRON1 D~F-iN-iTE PLACES (-i/E. ThE 24 SACRED
         PLACES OF ThE tANTRAS).
                                                                          p.819
            aLL OF ThEM WET~ ENJOYED BY hE~UKA.
            tH-iS -iS A GREAT SYMBOL OF ThE H-iDDEN WH-iCH -iND-iCATES ThE
         iNNATE w-iSDOM OF ThOSE WHO ARE ABLE TO CONTTOL ThE NAD-iS
         -i.E. BRCATh-CONNROL).
            tHE ABOVE WAS ThE FOURTh ENCOURAGCM~NT/ D-iFF-iCULT TO OBTA-iN.
         aFTERWARDS i GRADUALLY R~ACL~ED TL~E ~aB;~DC OF sA-iL-TS"
         (S-iDDH~S)/ ~HU-BAR. WH-iCL- HjS ThE SL~APC OF ThE S~CRED LETTER
         ~C" (-i.E. TR-iANGULAR -iN ShAPE).
            iN ThC MONTh OF kUL-iKA-KARTT-iK~ (ThE LOTLL MONTh)/
         -iN ThC Th-iTD Dg'-BA (ThE 26DL DAY OF ThE MONTL1) O~ ThE DARK
         -3L~ OF ThE MONTh (kR.SNA-PAKSA)/ TL1E FAD1ER (wANLRAT
         WEAR-iNG A REL-iG-iOUS ROBE OF GOLDEN COLOUR/
         AND ThE MOThER/ ADORNED W-iTh R-iCH ORN~NLEL1TS/
         GRECTCD ME/ AND i FELT OVERWBELMED BV JOY.
            i/ ThE SON/ WEAT-iL1G ThE UPPET G~RMENT (SANGL1A-TS-i<SAMGHAT.L/
         ONE O~ TL~E TL-REE ROL)ES OF l~UDDH-iST MONK) OF
         GOL~LEN COLOUR/
         UTTERED ~ PROPHECY TO ThE PARET)TS (-i.E. wAN~R~TN~ ~ND H-iS
         RET-iNUE)/ AND C-iLLLED ThE-iR NAL)LES/ SjY-iN;/R ~-0 w~-iRO~NL-
         VAJR~!" AND ~0 wAJRA-tARA!"
            tL~-iS -iS ThC WONDER OF WONDERS/ ~ SECRET SYMBOL (~VL--iCH -iNL-iC~TES)/
         ThAT i WAS NOT TO BE D-iFFERENT-iATED FROM ThEM!
            tH-iS ~w35 ThE F-iFTh ENCO~LRAGEMENT TOWARDS ATTC.L-i-iL-iNG eNL-idHTEN-
         MENT (MCHOG-CHEN/ bUDDHAHOOD).
            tHEN/ TRAVEL-iNG LE-iZURELY/ -iN ThE i iTL~ MOUTh -iN ThE DARK
         OF ThE MONTh (KRSNA-PAKS.L)/ ON ThE 23RD DjY (Rg.~;-ii-BA
   (31A) GN-iS-PA OR DBUS-M;L)/ -iN ThE ABODE gLLTKOTL/ -iN TL~ MOUNT;L-iNS 
         CALLED ~-i-MA-MKL13R/
            iN ThE HOUSE OF kUNDAL-iL/ A~jME w-iTh iNNE~ hE;LT (GN-iM-L11O/
         Th-iS ME~NS TL-AT L1E 53w ThE V-iS-iON -iN L1-iS CENTRE OF KLND;L~/
         ã¹NY ~3Th~R (~TANAR3TNaHL) PROPETLY EMBRACC-~ BY A M-iS~ AND
         -iL~DULd-iL~G -i
         SECRET ENJOYMCNT/
         TOLD ME 3ND MY FR-iEND dLP.LM/
         ThLT ~VE COULD NOW PRAST-iSE ThE SLKSL-C;~R)A.
            wE ENTERED -i~ AND BEL~EKL A BOUN.~LESS PURE sKY.
                                                                          p.820
            wE OFFCRED ThE PRAYER OF pRABHASVARA/
         AND ã¹/C ATTA-iNED ThE REAL-iZAT-iON O~ ThE sELF (SVASAMV-iDYA~.
         tHEN MY iLLUSORY BODY (MAYASVADEHA)/ CONSUMED BY Sh-iN-iNG
         F~AMES/
            i ThREW -iT AWAY AS A SNAKE -iTS SK-iN.
            tHEN i HEARD A NATULAL ~O-iCC SAY-iNGH
            "tHERE -iS ST-iLL A L-iTTLE (LEFT) OF ThE GTOSS BODY.'
            tH-iS WAS A TTUE S-iGN OF PTOPHECY/ SUPTEME -iN EXCELLENCE
            tH-iS WAS ThE S-iXTh ENCOURAGCMENT. a!
            tHEN ON ThE FULL MOON DAY OF ThE i2Th MONTh-i
            tHE FAThER (wANATATNA) -iN-iT-iATED MY BODY/ SPEECL1 AND M-iND/
         AS WELL AS W-iSDOM/ -iNTO ThE M~NDALA (SDOM-PA) OF ~HE Th-iRTEE
         DE-iT-iES OF ThE GRANDFATL1ET (-i.E. sARNVATA).
            aGA-iN/ ON MY RETUTN/ i SAT-iSF-iED (MY) OT~-iNARY D-iSC-iPLES W-iTh
         ThE SAME -iN-iT-iAT-iON.
            bEFORE dA~VN/ AS -i~ -iN A CLEAT MYST-iC TTANCE/
         i SAW/ W-iTh MY OWN EYES/ TL-E FOLLOW-iNG V-iS-iONaH
         iN A GOOD HOUSE/ A H-iGH SCAT WAS PLACED BEFORE MY FAThER
         wA-i~ARATNA)/ WHO S~-iD ~tH-iS MAT -iS ~OR YOU TO S-iT ON!'
         tHEN/ ON MY HEAD/ HE PLACED H-iS R-iGHT HAND ENDOWED W-iTh MARKS/
         AND -iN-iT-iATED ME -iNTO TBE MANTRA OF sAMVARA (L-i~. ~'ThE A6CDE
         w-iTh NO LETTERS/' NAME OF A MANTRA OF S~VENTEEN LETTERS).
         tHE SECRET OF Th-iS SYMBOL -iS MOST VAST/ AND -iTS MEAN-iNG GREAT.
         iT WAS ThE ENCOURAGEMENT TOWARDS ThE h-iDDEN.
         iT -iS ThE sEVEN/ BY WH-iCH ThE m-iND/ CONS-iST-iNG OF D-iL~ERENT
         MOODS (CBA-SAS-CAN~/ -iS TRANSFORMED -iNTO ThE STATE OF NON-
         D-iFF~RENT-iAT-iON.
         i WAS WANDET-iNG AM-iDST ThE -iLLUSORY PLAY OF ThE GnAS-BDUN
         L-iKE A CH-iLD (RdO-R~E GNAS-BDUN/ -i.E. ThE SEVEN CHARACTER-iST-iCS
         OF ThE bODH-iSATTVA-GOTRA = tAThAGATA-GARBHAH ThE bUDDHA
         (sANS-RGYAS)/ dHARMA (CHOS)/ sANGHA (DGE-'DUN)/ BdE-GSEGS
         SN-iR;-PO (tA~HAGATA-GARBHA)/ ThE FOUR ARE EXPOL1NDED -iN ThE
                                                                          p.821
         F-iRST CL1APTET OF ThE aNUTTARA-tANTRA/ bODL1-i (BYAN-CHUB)/
         gUNA (YON-TAN)/ kARMA ('PHT-iN-LAS). tHE LAST ThREE ARE
         C~POUNDED -iN ThE LAST ThREE CBAPTERS O~ ThE aNUTTARA-tANTTA.
         sEE KL ON-RDOL BlA-MA-I GsUN-'BUM/
         bOOK x(ti~A)/ FOL. 5A)
            bUT MY FAThER (wANARAT~LA) EXPLA-iNED TO ME -iTS MEAN-iNG/
         AND ENCOURAGED ME -iN ThE TEAL-iZAT-iON OF ThE mEAN-iNG."
   (31B) hAV-iNG SA-iD SO/ LET ThOSE/ WH~ WERE FOTTUNATE/ WHO HAD
         OBT~-iTLED ThE POWER OF ThE V-iRTUE OF fA-iTh/ WHO POSSESSED TL~E
         ~YE OF ThE dOCTR-iNE AND ThAT O~ W-iSDOM/ WH-iCH HAD BECOME A
         SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE (PRAMANA)/ EXAm-iNE -iT -iN ORDEE TO GRASP
         -iTS MEAN-iNG. aFTER ThAT HE PROCEEDED TO ThE sVAYAMBBUNAThA-
         CA-iTYA ~ pHAG~PA ~-iN-KULL -iN nEPAL)/ AND WH-iLC HOLD-iNG AN
         ASSEMBLY AT ThE ~ANTAPUR; V-iHARA/ HE N~ET ThE YOGESVATA ~A-BA-
         R-i/ ~HO GAVE H-iM L1-iS BLESS-iNG. hE SANG MANY WONDERFUL SONGSH
            "biESSED BY TL1E GTAND-FAThER ~A-BA-R-i/
         AND BY TL~E GTACE OF MY BLESSED FAThER (wANATATNA)/
         ThE -iMAGE OF ThE OUTER ~NJOYMENT ME1TED -iNTO ThE VESSEL (m-iND)
         (-i.E. ALL TL~E -iMAGES O~ ThE oUTER wOTLD SANK -iNTO ThE m-iND).
         tL~US TL-C ESSENCE OF ThE -iNNER SKANDHAS AND DHATUS DEVELOPED
         N~TO NECTAR.
            ~ijy you GODS/ VLRAS AND D~K-iN;S BC PLEASED W-iTh -iT !"
         tHERE HE PLE~SED ThE GREAT P~ND-iTA (wAN~RATN~) W-iTh TL-iE
         TL~REE K-iNDS OF jOYS (CHOS-KY-i N~NCS-PA/ ZEN-Z-iL;-G-i MNCS-PA/
         ZDBS-TOG ML;~S-P;L). hE OBT~-iNED ThE ENT-iRE S~CRCT TREASUTY OF
         TL~E h-iDDEN PR~CEPTS -iN ThE MANN~R OF A VASE F-iLLED TO ThE BR-iM/
         SUCH AS ThE ~ADANGA-YOGA/ WL--iCL- HAD BEEN PERSONALLY -imPARTED
         BY ~ BA-R-i TO TLLE GRCAT PAND-iT~ (wANARATNA~/ ThE PRECEPTS O~
         pA~-iN1A aN~-iTAYUS (pADM~AMBL~VA -iN ThE FORM OF aN1-iTAYLLS)
         -iN~PARTE-D BY ThE V-iDYADHARA pADMA/ ~ND OTLLER TCXTS. hE EX-
         L~ER-iENCED ThE w-iSDOM PECUL-i~R TO TLL~ ESSENCE OF -iN-iT-iAT-iON (ThE
         To~LRTLL -iLL-iT-ijT-ioiL~. wLLEN ALL H-iS W-iSLLES WERE FULF-iLLED AND L1E
         WAS ABOUT TO PROCEED TO t-iBET/ ThE tEACLLER TOLD L~-iM ThAT ~TBC
         h-iCLDE-iL PRECEPTS/ WH-iCH YOU HAVE HEARD ~ROM ME/ HAD ALL ThE-iR
         l-iL~EAGES/ BUT i (MYSELF)/ WAS ABLE TO HEAR ALL ThE dOCTR-iN~
         FROM sA BL-R-i H-iMSELF. tHESE h-iDD~N PRECCPTS WH-iCH HAD
                                                                          p.822
         OR-iG-iNATED ~-iTh ME/ ShOULD BE ECCAS-iONALLY PREACHED TO TL~E
         FORTUNATE ON~S WHO ARE -iN SEARCH CF ThE pATh OF TLLE yUGANADD-
         L1A (ZUN-'~UG~. tLLESE D-iSC-iPLES WEiE PERCE-iVED BY TL~E EYE O~
         MY MYST-iCAL T/ANCE". iN TLL-iS MAM1ER HE RECE-iVED ThE GREAT
         ENCO~LRAGENLCNT TO LABOUT FOT ThE WELFARE OF OThERS. fOLLOW-iNG
         H-iS tEACHER'S PROPHECY. TL1ESE (D-iSE-iPLES) WHO WERE TRA-iNED AND
         G-iVEN PRECEPTS BY TLLE lORD/ ~/ERE ABLE TO DEVELOP W-iThOUT
   (32A) H-iNDTANCE TLLE UNDERSTAND-iNG OF ThE pATh. tHROUGH H-iS PRE-
         SC-iENCE HE WAS ABLE TO PERCE-iVE ThE B-iRTh OF UNDERSTAND-iNG (-iN
         H-iS D-iSC-iPLES)/ BY LL-i5 E~E O~ W-iSDO~ E WAS ABLE TO PERCE-iVE ThE
         B-iRTLLS AND PBYS-iCAL TRA-iTS O~ -iND-iV-iDUALS/ AND USED TO GU-iDE
         ThEM ACCORD-iNGLY.
            tLLE SEVENTLL (CL1A~)TER)H hAV-iN/ TL~US B~COME TLLE mASTER
         O~ ThE oCEAN OF TLLE p-iTAKA ~ND OF ThE tANTRA CLASS/ HiND HAV-iN~
         ATT~-iNED REAL-iZAT-iON/ ThE STORY OF H-iS LABOURS FOR TLLE dOCTR-iNE
         (-iS AS ~OLLOWS). tH-iS L~OLY M~N WAS OF ThE OP-iN-iON ThAT iHE
         dOCTR-iNE OF ThE eNL-iGBTENED oNE WAS ThE FOUNDAT-iO~OF ALL
         HAPP-iNESS AND BL-iSS. bES-iDES EXERT-iNG H-iiNSELF -iN ThC PTOTCC-
         T-iON OF DLC PROPAGAT-iON AL-D ~ONT-iL1UAT-iOLT OF TL1E -iMPART-iAL
         dOCTR-iNE BY N1EANS OF VAR-iOUS ACT-iONS/ 11E LA-iD TLLE FOUNDAT-iON OF
         ThE tHREE jEW~LS (tR-iMTN;L) AS ThE B~S-iS O~ TLLE CONT-iNUHLT-iON OF
         ThE dOCTR-iNE. hE F-iRST ERECTE~L FOR TLLE SL~T-iNE OF H-iS P~RENTS
         A~ AGE OF TLLE SAMBHOGA-KAYA O~ mA-iTREYA ADORLLED W-iT
         ORNAMENTS/ ONE ROOT (-iN L1E-iGHT)/ ThELL A ~OLDEN -iMAGE OF TLLE
         tEACHER ONE SPAN ~-iN HE-iGHT). hE CA~SED TO BE MADE RRESCOES
         AND PA-iNT-iNGS FOR ThE GREAT V-iHARA O~ DpAL RtSES-Th~N/ AND AN
         -iM~GE O~ mA-iTREYA/ AND ThAT OF s-iDjLLAR~ HAV-iNG 22 sPALLs
         EACH. hE REPA-iRED TL~E Bs~N--YAS KLLR-iMS-KH iN-GL-iN/ AND
         PLACED -iN ThE CENTRE (OF TLLE ALTAR) ThE -iM~GES O~ mAL~ABODL~-i
         W-iTh -iTS RET-iNUE/ ThE -iN~GE OF ~ANTARAKS. -iTA (~-i-B~-'TShO)/ AND AN
         -iMAGE Oe RgYAL-BA M~ OG-DBYANS/ TOGEThER W-iTB TWO GOLDEN
         CA-iTYAS ENShR-iN-iL-G ThE REL-iCS O~ H-iS ~ATL1ER. hE ALSO CONTR-iBUTED
         ThE BU-iLD-iNG MATER-iAL FOR ThE ERECT-iON Oe TL~E GREAT -iMAGE ~T
         nA-LEN-DRA ('pHAN-YUL)/ AS -i~ TBE -iMAGE WAS BE-iNG BU-iLT BY H-iS
         OWN HANDS. lATCR ~T ThE MONASTERY O~ bYAMS-PA-GL-iN OF gRFL/
   (31B) ThE lORD H-iMSELF TOOK O~ER CHARGE OF TLLE WORK ON ThE SLU-iNE
                                                                          p.823
         OF ThE lORD aLL-KNOW-iNG BsOD-NAMS RNAM-PAR RGYAL-BA. aFTER
         ThAT W-iTh ThE HELP OF ThE GREAT ALMS-G-iVER sA-LA SpYOD-PA-I
         DBAR-i-PHYUG/ ThE GREAT OFF-iC-iAL r-iN-CHEN BZAR;-PO AND H-iS CON-
         SORT/ ELEVATED BY FORTUNE AND PROPERTY/ ACCUSTOMED TO ThE
         G-iV-iNG O~ ALMS/ W-iTh A LO~TY POWET O~ HEART/ DpAL RdA-R~E BDE-
         MA AND HER SON/ ThE GREAT OF~-iC-iAL r-iN-CHEN R~YAL-PO W-iTh
         H-iS BROThER/ ERECTED A BkRA-S-iS SG~MAN EA-iTYA OF ThE
         rEVOLV-iNG O~ ThE wHEEL OF ThE lAW/ HAV-iNG 32~(2 FAThOMS -iN
         HE-iGHT AND 22 FAThOMS ('DOM) -iN W-iDTh ON EACH S-iDE/ EXCELLENT
         -iN BU-iLD-iNG MATER-iAL AND PLAN/ AND AN -iMAGE OF mA-iTREYA -iN H-iS
         N-iRMANA-KAYA ASPECT REPRESENTED -iN ThE BHADRA POSTURE (S-iTT-iNG
         ON A ThRONE/ W-iTh BOTh LEGS DOWN/ BHADRASANA)/ HAV-iNG 57
         SPANS AT ThE BACK. hE COiNPLETED ThE BU-iLD-iNG OF ThE CA-iTYA
         -iN 18 MONThS/ AND ThE LARGE -iMAGE -iN 14 MONThS. tH-iS
         mOUNT mERU (ThESE STATUES)/ 6U-iLT BY M-iRACLES/ WH-iCH WERE
         BEYOND ThE m-iND OF ORD-iNARY HUMAN BE-iNGS/ MAN-iFESTED
         -iNEXHAUST-iBLE WONDERS AND WERE W-iThOUT EQUAL -iN Th-iS wORLD/
         F-iT TO BE WORSh-iPPED AND ADM-iRED BY ALL MEB FROM SCHOLARS
         TO FOOLS/ WHO D-iD NOT M-iND ThE D-iL~-iCULT-iES OF A LONG JOURNEY
         (TO WORSh-iP ThEM). iT -iS -iMPOSS-iBLE FOR ME TO DESCR-iBE -iN
         WR-iT-iNG EVEN A SMALL PART (OF ThESE -iMAGES).
            fURThER/ WH-iLE ASS-iSTED BY ThE ABOVE ALMS-G-iVERS/ HE
         ERECTED A VERY LATGE GOLDEN -iMAGE OF ThE bUDDHAS OF ThE
         tLLR~E pER-iO~LS/ A GOLDEN -iMAGE OF ThE tEACHER SURROUNDED BY
         RHE L6 ARHATS/ HE REPA-iRED ThE MED-iTAT-iVE CELL AND ThE V-iLLAR~
         OF SpY-i-BO AT M~H-iMS-PHU TOGEThER W-iTh ThE-iR -i-iNAGES/ (TLLE
         MONASTERY) OF gRA-ThAN/ AL-D OThER MONASTER-iES. hE BU-iLT ThE
         GREAT MED-iTAT-iVE MONASTERY (SGRL-iB-SDE CHEN-PO) OF BsAM-
   (33A) GTAN.GL-iN/ AND ERECTED -iMH-iGES ~ND PA-iLLTED BANNERS (ThAN-KA)
         O~ TLLE tEACHERS/ O~ ThE lORD H-iMSELF/ TO WHOM HE OWED MOST/
         AND PA-iNTED -iMAGES OF ThE PR-iNC-iPAL D~-iT-iES OF ThE FOUR CLASSES
         O~ tANTRAS/ ETC. hE ALSO PREPARED COP-iES WR-iTTEN -iN GOLD OF ThE
         cOMMENTAR-iES AND ThE CH-iEF tANTRAS. fURThER/ HE PREPATED
         COP-iES OF ThE sUTRAS AND tHLNTRAS TOGEThER W-iTh ThE-iR COMMEN-
         TAR-iES iT -iS -iMPOSS-iBLE TO ENUMERATE ALL OF ThESE (BOOKS3.
         oN LL-iS ;~DV-iCE/ ThE K-iNG O~ TL~E sOUThERN pROV-iNCES/ DpAL
                                                                          p.824
         BkRA-S-iS dAR-R~YAS lCGS-PA-I RGYALPO ERECTED A GOLDEN -iMAGE
         OF ThE mAHAMUN-i/ HAV-iNG 25 SPANS AT ThE BACK/ AS WELL AS A
         V-iHARA/ A GREAT CA-iTYA/ A MONASTERY/ A GOLDEN BkA'-'GYUR AND
         BStAN-'GYUR WR-iTTEN ON PAPER. (oN H-iS ADV-iCE) ThE NAN-SO
         OF BsAM-LDE gRAGS-PA MThA'-YAS PREPARED A COPY OF ThE BkA'-
         'GYUR WR-iTTEN -iN GOLD -iNCLUD-iNG ThE RgYUD-'BUM (ThE tANTR-iC
         SECT-iON). hE ADV-iSED ThE NAN-SO OF yAR-RGYAB/ ThE GREAT
         OFF-iC-iAL r-iN-CHEN B~AN-PO AND H-iS W-iFE TO COMPLETE ThE COPY-iNG
         O~ ThE GOLDEN BkA' 'GYUR WH-iCH ThEY WERE PREPAR-iNG. bECAUSE
         OF -iNTERNAL ~EUDS -iN tSA-R-i-I GNAS-CHEN/ ThE SKULL O~ (m-iD-LA)/
         ENDOWED W-iTh MARKS (MTShAN-LDAN ThOD-PA)/ WAS TAKEN TO
         dWAGS-PO/ AND ThE MONASTEY WAS ABOUT TO FALL -iN RU-iNS.
         hE PAC-iF-iED ThE REG-iON W-iTh ThE HELP OF MED-iTAT-iON AND OThER
         MEANS/ AND ESTABL-iShED ThE FOUNDAT-iON OF ThE dOCTR-iNE.
         wHEREVER (ThE lORD) WENT/ HE USED TO REPA-iR AND WORSh-i~
         STUPAS/ V-iHARAS/ SACRED TEXTS/ ETC. hE D-iSTR-iBUTED H-iS -iNCOME
         AMONG ThE MONAST-iC CONGREGAT-iON -iN NUMEROUS WAYS.
         tHE S~ORY OF H-iS WORK AS TRANSLATORH wHEN ThE GREAT
         PAND-iTA (wANARATNA) CAME TO t-iBET/ HE ACTED AS -iNTERPRETER
         AT NUMEROUS SERMONS. hE MADE A NEW TRANSLAT-iON OF ThE
         pRAT-iPATT-iSARASATAKA (S~-iN-PO BRGYA-PA) AND -iTS COMMENTARY
         (tG. RgYUD/nOS. 2334/ 233~)/ AS WELL AS TRANSLAT-iONS CF MANY
         ShORT TEXTS/ SUCH AS ThE TEXl ON ThE wAJRAVARAHL cYCLE CALLED RdO-
         R~E RNAM-PAR S /EG-MA (wAJRAV-iLAS-iM-NAMA wAJRH-iVARAHL-SADHANA/
         tG. RgYU~/ nO. 1602). hE ALSO REV-iSED ThE TRANSLAT-iONS OF
         ThE hEVAJRA cYCLE/ ThE wAJRAPANJARA (gUR)/ ThE sARNVARA
         UDBHAVA (SdOM-'BYUN/ tG. RgYUD/ nO. 373)/ ThE sR
         tATCVAV-iSADA-NAMA-~RLSAMVARAVRTT-i (tG. RgYUD/ nO. R41O)/
         AND ThE MANUAL ON CHE R-iTE O~ ThE MANDALA OF ThE 13 DE-iT-iES
   (33B) OF ThE sARNVARA cYCLE (BdE-MCHOG BCU-GSUM-MA). tHESE
         TRANSLAT-iONS WERE EXCELLENT BOTh -iN WORDS AND MEAN-iNG tHE
         SASTRAS COMPOSED BY H-iM aN EXPOS-iT-iON O~ ThE cOMMENTARY
         ON ThE F-iRST TWO CHAPTCRS OF ThE ~RL kALACAKRA/ A PANJ-iKA
         (BkA/-'GREL) ON ThE RdO-R~E SN-iN-'GREL (hEVAJRAP-iNDARThA-TLKA/
         tG. RgYUD/ nO. R 180)/ AND ThE pHYAG-RDOR STOD-;GREL
         (tG RgYUD/ nO. 1402). tH-iS -iS ThE BEST TEXT EX-iST-iNG -iN
                                                                          p.825
         t-iBETAN ON ThE cYCLE OF sEMS-'GREL (COMMENTAR-iES WR-iTTEN BY
         bODH-iSATTVAS -iN sAMBHALA AND OThER REG-iONS). fURThER/ HE
         WROTE NOTES ON ThE sAMADH-iRAJA-SUTRA (aRYA-sARVADHARMASVA-
         BHAVA-SAMATAV-iPANC-iTASAMADH-iRAJA-NAMA-MAHAYANASUTRA/ kG.
         MdO-SDE/ nO. 127)/ ThE rATNAKUTA (kG. DkON-BRTSEGS/ nOS.
         45-93)/ AND ThE aVATAMSAKA (kG. DkON-BRTSEGS/ nO. 44). fUR-
         ThER/ HE COMPOSED NOTES ON N~ANY tANTRAS/ SUCH AS ThE MkHA-'
         GRO RGYA-MTShO (~R-i dAKARNAVAMAHAYOG-iNLTANTRARAJA-NANLA/ kG.
         RgYUD/ nO. 372~/ ThE M~ON-BR~OD (aBH-iDHAR-iA-UTTARATANTRA-
         NAMA/kG. RgYUD-'BUM/ nO. 367)/ TLLE RdO-RjE MKHA'-'GRO(wAJ-
         RA-DAKA-NAMA-UTTARATANTRA/ kG. RgYUD-'BUM/ nO. 371)/ ALSO
         COMPOSED SADHANAS AND MANDALA R-iTES/ ThE SdOM-PA BCU-
         ~SUM-MA (ThE 13 DE-iT-iES OF sARNVARA)/ ThE m-i-GYO BLA MED/
         ThE aCALA SYSTEM ACCORD-iNG TO ThE aNUTTARA-tANTRA (SUCH AS
         kG. RgYUD 'BUM/ nO. 431~/ ThE pHAG-MO (wARAH-i)/ AND MOST
         OF ThE SADHANAS TRANSM-iTTED BY ThE GREAT PAR-iD-iTA (wANAFA~NA).
         hE COMPOSED MANUALS ON ThE MANDALA R-iTES OF GsAN-'DUS '~-iG-
         RTEN DBAN-PHYUG/ ThE RdO-R~E '~-iGS-BYED/ ThE '~AM-DPAL SGYU-DRA/
         ThE pHYAG-RDOR DBAR;-BSKUR/ ThE R~OG DKY-iL-BDUN (7 MANDALAS OF
         ThE R~OG SYSTEM)/ ThE ~-i-KHRO (A RL~-iR;-MA DE-iTY)/ ThE pHUR-BU
         (wAJRAK-iLA)/ ThE RtA-MGR-iN (hAYAGR-iVA)/ AND OThERS. hE
         COMPOSED GU-iDE BOOKS ON ThE pAR-iCAKRAMA OF ThE sADANGA-
         YOGA/ ETC./ ALSO COMPOSED ThE BkA'-GSO BSRUR;S-SPY-i (R-iTE OF SAC-
         R-iF-iCE TO ALL ThE pROTECTORS)/ ThE dUD-SOL PHY-i-NAN/ ThE lHA-MO
         dUD-SOL-MA-PHY-i AND ThE lHA MO dUD-SOL-MA-NAN/ ThE GnOD-
         SBY-iN (bEG-TSE)/ AND OTLLER R-iTES. h-i-i COMPLETE cOLLECT-iON OF
         wORKS (BkA'-'BUM) CONTA-iNS ABOUT 12 VOLUMES.
         tLLE STORY (OF H-iS) WORSh-iP OF ThE tEACHER/ ThE -iMAGES OF
         ThE rATNA/ AND OF TLLE MONAST-iC CONGREGAT-iONSH WH-iLE HE WAS
         L-iSTEN-iNG TO ThE TEACH-iNG OF H-iS tEACHER WHO PREACHED TO H-iM
         ThE sUTRAS AND tANTRAS/ HE MAN-iFESTED CONSTANT REVERENCE AND
         WORSh-iP OF ALL. aT ThE END OF ThE PREACH-iNG OF ThE dOCTR-iNE
         BY H-iS TEACHCRS/ HE USED ALWAYS TO OL~ER TEA (CHOS-~A) TO TLLE
         CLASS wHEN ThEY HAD F-iN-iShED PREACH-iNG ThE GREAT TREAT-iSES/
         H HELD ThE FEST-iVAL KNOWN AS ThE ~fEST-iVAL OF COMPLET-
         -iNG (ThE STUDY) OF TREAT-iSES" (G~UN-RDZOGS STON-MO)/ ETC.
                                                                          p.826
         wHEN HE WAS ATTEND-iNG A CLASS ON ThE tANTRAS AND -iN-iT-iAT-iCNS/
         HE OFFERED A GANACAKRA AND A CEREMONY TO ThE tANTRA CLASS.
         wH-iLE ENGAGED -iN ThE STUDY OF SECRET PRECEPTS/ HE HELD ThE
         FEST-iVAL OF KHR-iD-STON (FEST-iVAL OF GU-iDANCE). oN ALL ThESE
         OCCAS-iONS/ HC OFFERED EXCELLENT FOOD AND SU-iTABLE PRESENTS.
         hE USED TO PERFORM WORSLL-iP ACCON~PAN-iED BY ACTS OF
         REVERENCE OF BODY AND SPEECH. iN PART-iCULAR/ HE SA-iDH ~wHEN
         ThE GREAT PAND-iTA (wANARATNA) CAME TO t-iBET/ HE OF~ERED H-iS
         E-iGHTEEN ALTAR COVERS/ AND ThERE -iS NO NEED OF ENUMERAT-iNG
         ThE LARGE OF~ER-iNG OF GOLD CLOTh/ ETC. PRESENTED ON MANY
         OCCAS-iONS. tHE GREAT PAND-iTA (wANARATNA) LLAV-iNG LEFT FOR
         nEPAL/ HE USED TO SEND H-iM EVERY YEAR ONE GOLDEN SRANS/
         CLOThES/ ETC. lATER/ AT ThE T-iME OF (H-iS) ANLLUAL AND MOL~ThLY
         MEMOR-iAL CEREMON-iES HE USED TO PRESENT EVERY YEAR LARGE
         PRESENTS TO ThE GREAT MONAST-iC CONGREGAT-iONS. tO 'gOS LO-TSA-BA
         G~ON NU-ZABS HE OFFERED F-iRST EVETY YEAR/ LATER EVERY
         MONTh/ EXCELLENT AND TASTY FOOD/ SUMMER ~ND W-iNTER
         CLOThES/ EXTENS-iVE O~ER-iNGS OF GOLD AND BARLEY GRA-iN. hE ALSO
         MADE PRESENTS TO TEACHERS OF EQUAL STAND-iNG AND PETFORMED
         ThE ANNUAL AND MONThLY MEMOR-iAL R-iTES FOR H-iS OWN PARENTS/
         AND FOR DECEASED TEACHERS. tHE STORY OF H-iS OF~ER-iNGS TO ThE
         L~RGE AND SMALL MONASTER-iES/ ETC.H HE -iNCREASED ThE GRANTS
         (TO VAR-iOUS MONAST-iC ESTABL-iShMENTS); HE OFFERED GANACAKRAS
         (tANTR-iC FEASTS) TO REVERED TEACHERS ATThE SACRED PLACE OF cA-
         R-i-TRA; HE PA-iD FOR ThE OF~ER-iNGS OF TEA AT ThE GREAT MONASTER-iES/
         SUCH AS tShOGS CHEN-PA AND OThERS; HE ;LRRANGED FOR ThE
         MEMOR-iAL CEREMONY OF ThE PREC-iOUS UPADHYAYA; HE PA-iD ThE
         EXPENSES OF FEED-iNG kHR-iMS-KHAN-GL-iN; HE SECURED LANDS FOR
         BOTh BlO ;iND kA-CwHU/ ETC. aT ThE T-iME OF ThE REVOLV-iNG OF
         ThE wHEEL OF TTLE dOCTR-iNE OF ThE oCEAN OF p-iT~K;-iS AND
         tANTRAS DUR-iNG ThE SUMLNER RECESS AT ThE MONASTERY OF bY.LMS-
         PA-GL-iN ;iND AT ThE T-iME OF ThE gREAT aSSEMBLY/ MANY ThOU-
         SANDS OF MONKS BELONG-iNG TO LARGE AND SMALL MONAST-iC ESTAB-
         L-iShMENTS G;~ThERED ThERE/ HEADED BY ThE -iNLd~TES OF ThE ThREE
         tShOGS-SDE (tShOGS-SDE GSUM). hE SUPPORTED ThE GREAT FEST-i-
         VALS WH-iCH WERE ADM-iRED BY ALL/ AND DUR-iNG WH-iCH ThEY USED TO
                                                                          p.827
   (34B) REC-iTE ThE GREAT PRAT-iDHANA OF ThE sThAV-iRAS AND ThAT OF bHA-iSA-
         JY;LGURU -iN ThE MOTN-iNG/ AND VAR-iOUS OThER PRAYERS -iN ThE
         EVEN-iNG/ AS WELL -AS (PERFORMED REL-iG-iOUS PLAYS)/
         WH-iCH LED ThE PEOPLE PRESENT TOWARDS V-iRTUOUS DEEDS. hE
         ALSO PUTCHASED LAND-PLOTS TO DEFRAY ThE COST O~ ThE GREAT AND
         SMALL tANTR-iC R-iTES (SGRUB-MCwHOD). hE ST-iMULATED FA-iTh -iN GREAT
         ALMS-G-iVERS WHO SUPPORTED ThE MED-iTAT-iVE MONASTERY (SGRUB-SDE)
         OF BsAM-GTAN-GL-iN. tHUS HE H-iMSELF PETFORMED AN OCEAN OF
         LABOURS WH-iCH TRANSGRESSED ThE SPHERE OF ThE m-iND. s-iNCE
         H-iS YOUTh/ WH-iLE ENGAGED -iN ThE STUDY O~ pH-iLO-
         SOPHY/ HE USED TO MAKE DA-iLY SACR-iF-iCES OF TWO BAL-iNS BEFORE
         ThE rATNA/ OF OFFER-iNG LAMPS (DKAR-ME)/ AND OF WHATEVER FLOWERS
         HE WAS ABLE TO GATBER -iN SUMMER AND W-iNTER/ ACCORD-iNG TO
         SEASON. dUR-iNG ThE FUNERAL R-iTES FOR H-iS PARENTS AND H-iS
         DECEASED SP-iR-iTUAL TEACHERS/ AND LATER DUR-iNG ThE BESTOWAL OF
         -iN-iT-iAT-iONS OF DpAL-RTSE-DBY-iNS-GSUM/ kHAMS-GSUM RNAM-TGYAL
         (tG. RgYUD/ nO.2SiG)/ AND' ~AM-DPAL SGYU-'PH~UL-DRA-BA/ ETC.
         AT BtSAN-ThAN/ kHR-iM~KHAN-GL-iN/ AND OThER MONASTER-iES/ DUR-iNG
         ThE kALACAKRA AND OThER CEREMON-iES AT ThE NEW MONASTER-iES/
         DUR-iNG ThE SgYU-'PHRUL DRA-BA AND OThER R-iTES AT ThE T-iME OF ThE
         CONSECRAT-iON OF ThE GREAT SC~PA AT bYAMS-PA-GL-iN AND AT T6E T-iME
         OF H-iS PREACH-iNG OF MANY "oLD" AND "nEW" tANTRAS/ AND ThE
         "sEVEN MANDALAS OF R~OG" TO ThE pREC-iOUS iNCARNAT-iON OF ~WA-
         DMAR-PA AT dOL lHUN-GRUB lHA-RTSE AND RnAM-RGYAL/ AND
         CONSTANTLY DUR-iNG ThE PERFORMANCE OF CONSECRAT-iON R-iTE../ HOMA
         OF~ER-iNGS AND MANDALA R-iTES/ HE USED TO WORSh-iP ACCORD-iNG TO
         ThE NUMBER OF DE-iT-iES -iN EACH OF ThE MANDALAS/ AND PREPARE
         ThE USUAL DA-iLY OFLER-iNGS PROPERLY AND -iN PRESCR-iBED NUMBERS/
   (35A) -iN ABUNDANCE AND CLEANLY PREPARED tHE ABOVE ShOWS ThAT
         HE WAS ENDOWED W-iTh ThE GREAT M-iRACLE OF ThE hEAVENLY
         tREASURY (gAGANAGANJA/ NAME OF A SAMADH-i). oThER PEOPLE
         AT A MERE GLANCE AT ThEM WETE F-iLLED W-iTh FA-iTh AND Th-iS
         SERVED AS A GOOD EXAMPLE FOR ThEM.
            tHE rEVOLV-iNG OF ThE wHEEL OF ThE lAWH iN GENERAL
         HE WAS OF ThE OP-iN-iON ThAT MED-iTAT-iON REPRESENTED ThE ESSENCE
         OF ThE dOCTR-iNE/ AND ThAT HE HAD TO ShOW D-iL-iGENCE -iN -iT.
                                                                          p.828
         tHE pREC-iOUS GREAT PAND-iTA (wANARATNA) HAD ALSO SA-iD ~s-iNCE
         NOW WAS ThE T-iME OF GAThER-iNG ThE ESSENCE OF ThE dOCTR-iNE/
         ThERE WAS NO NEED OF GO-iNG H-iThER AND Th-iThER. mED-iTATE
         CH-iEFLY. dUR-iNG ThE -iNTERVALS YOU CAN PREACH ThE METhOD
         BY WH-iCH ONE COULD F-iND ThE BEG-iNN-iNG OF ThE pATh OF YUGA-
         NADDHA. tHERE -iS NO BETTER BENEF-iT TO OThERS ThAN ThE
         PREACH-iNG OF ThE pATh OF YUGANADDHA". sUCH WERE H-iS
         -iNSTRUCT-iONs. wHEN H-iS FOLLOWERS BEGGED H-iM TO REVOLVE ThE
         wHEEL OF ThE lAW/ HE REPL-iED ~tHOSE WHO KEEP -iN ThE-iR
         m-iNDS ThE-iR OWN BENEF-iT AND HONOUR/ AND PREACH ThE dOCTR-iNE
         FOR ThE SAKE OF GAThER-iNG A RET-iNUE ONLY/ CAN BE CALLED
         HYPOCR-iTES. eNOUGH OF SUCLL PREACHERS AND STUDENTS!
         i/ MYSELF/ CONS-iDERED ThE ACTS OF ThE ThREE MA-iN
         GATES (ACTS OF bODY/ sPEECH AND m-iND)/ ESPEC-iALLY ThE
         ACT OF MED-iTAT-iON/ TO BE OF BENEF-iT TO OThERS/ BUT KNOW-iNG
         ThE D-iFFERENCE BETWEEN WORKS ThAT WERE ALMOST USELESS
         AND ThOSE ThAT WERE OF L-iTTLE USE/ AND ThOSE ThAT WERE USEFUL
         -iN ALL RESPECTS/ i DO NOT CARE TO PERFORM NOW -iNS-iGN-iF-iCANT
         WORKS -iN ThE -iNTEREST oR OThERS/ BUT AFTERWARDS i -iNTEND TO
         PERFORM CONSTANTLY EXTENS-iVE WORKS -iN ThE -iNTEREST OF OThERS
         W-iRLL ThE HELP OF ThE POWER BY WH-iCH i ShALL BE ABLE TO
         BENEF-iT BE-iNGS NUMEROUS AS ThE oCEAN -iN ThE oCEAN OF
         pARAD-iSES OF ThE bUDDHAS". tHOUGH HE D-iD NOT PREACH
         EXTENS-iVELY ThE p-iTAKAS To H-iS ATTENDANTS/ HE SAT-iATED ThEM
         W-iTh TLLE NECTAR OF ThE dOCTR-iNE EXPRESS-iNG ThE ~ERY ESSENCE
         OF ThE MEAN-iNG OF ThE sUTRAS AND tANTRAS DUR-iNG A S-iNGLE
         CLASS ON REL-iG-iON/ ACCORD-iNG TO ThE STATE OF ThE D-iSC-iPLES'
   (35B) M-iNDS. wH-iLE HE WAS STAY-iLLG AT A PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL COLLEGE/ AS
         ASS-iSTANT TEACHER/ HE WAS ABLE TO -iNCREASE ThE W-iSDOM OF
         MALLY W-iSE MEN. aT bRAG-NAG HE TAUGHT TO MANY/ WHO HAD
         COME ThERE FROLN kHAMS/ ThE ThEORY AND ThE R-iTUAL DANCE OF
         ThE yOGA R-iTE. tO MORE ThAN F-iFTY MEN HE GAVE MANY
         -iNLT-iAT-iONS/ SU.L; AS ThE'~AM-DPAL SgYU'PHRUL DRA-BA AND
         OThERS. aT M~H-iMS-PHU HE BESTOWED ON MANY ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON
         OF ThE FOUR D-iV-iN-iT-iES OF ThE hAYAGR~VA cYCLE. aT RtSES-ThAN
         HE TAUGHT ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE hEVAJRA (BRtAG-GN-iS) AND
                                                                          p.829
         OThER TEXTS/ AND NUMEROUS -iN-iT-iAT-iONS/ SUCH AS ThE ~-i-KHRO/
         ETC. (Lau DE-iT-iES OF ThE RL~-iN-MA-PAS) TO ThE BkA'-BCU-PA O~
         ~AN-RE AND TO MANY OThERS/ WHO -iNCLUDED lHUN-SDE rAB-
         'BYAMS-PA AND MANY OThERS. aT tHAR-P~-GL-iN/ SmAN-RGYAL/
         GyAM-BZANS/ AND OThER MONASTER-iES/ HE TAUGHT TO -iNANY
         SEEKERS ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON OF GsAN-'DUS L~-iG-RTEN DBAN-PHYUG (ThE
         gUHYASAMAJA -iN ThE ~ORLN OF lOKESVARA)/ ThE SECRET SADHANA
         O~ aVALOK-iTESVARA/ ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE ~-s-iX dOCTR-iNES" OF
         ThE mAHAMUDRA (pHYAG-CHEN CHOS-DRUG/ ThE s-iX dOCTR-iNES OF
         nA-RO-PA)/ ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE sAMADH-iRAJA-SUTRA/ ETC. aT
         RgYAL-PO-I-KHAB HE TAUGHT TO ThE BLA-M~ 'bRAN-R-i-BA/ TO ThE
         BLA-MA tShUL-LA AND OThERS ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE sADANGA-
         YOGA/ TO HONOURED PR-iESTS (~BZANS) O~ tSA-R-i ThE EXPOS-iT-iON
         OF DgOR-iS-GC-iG (BY 'bR-i-KHUN-PA)/ ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE ã¹~s-iX
         dOCTR-iNES" OF ThE mAHAMUDRA/ AND ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON OF RdO-R~E
         RnAL-'BYOR-MA. aT ThE MONASTERY OF DbAN-PO TO ThE BLA-MA
         'bRAN-R-i-BA AND OThERS ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON OF sAMVARA/ hEVAJR~
         ACCORD-iNG TO ThE METKOD OF mA-iTR-i AND OThERS. aT eASTERN
         lHO BRAG HE PREACHED ThE hEVAJRA-tANTR~ (BRtAG-PA GN-iS)
         AND NUMEROUS -iN-iT-iAT-iONS/ PERM-iSS-iONS (LUN)/ ETC. TO DpAL
         aMOGHA AND 'oD-BZAN-BA/ ThE MASTER OF ThE HOUSE (GZ-iMS-
         DPON) O~ ThE dHATMASVAM-iN pO-DON-BA. tO BkA'-
         BCU-PA BsOD-BZANS AND OThERS HE PREACHED ThE sUMMARY OF
         ThE kALACAKRA (dUS-KY-i 'KHOR-LO-I SPY-i-DON). aT wESTERN lHO-
         BRAG HE PREACHED ON TWO OCCAS-iONS TO MORE ThAN F-iFTY D-iSC-iPLES/
         -iNCLUD-iNG ThE dHARMASVAM-iN BStAN-R-iM-PA/ dAN-SPRO-MKHAN
         CHEN-PO/ ThE BLA-MA dZA-SNA-BA/ SlE'U-CHUN-PA/ AND OThERS/
         ThE sADAR;GA-YOGA/ ThE DgONS-GC-iG/ ThE dR-iL-BU LUS-DkY-iL
         (ThE sARNVARA cYCLE ACCORD-iNG TO ThE METhOD OF dR-iL-
         BU-PA WH-iCH LOCATED ALL ThE 24 tANTR-iC SACRED PLACES -iNS-iDE
         ThE HUMAN BODY)/ AND ThE BlA-MA GsAN-'DUS (A RL~-iN-MA-PA
         R-iTE). aT yAR-'BROG kHA-BA KLUNS HE PREACHED TO ThE
         dHARMASVAM-iN kUN-DGA' RGYAL-PO AND TO MANY ELDERS OF
         ThE M~ON DGA' MONASTERY/ AND TO MED-iTAT-iVE HERM-iTS OF ThE
         MED-iTAT-iVE MONASTERY OF BsAM-SD-iNS--ThE sAD~NG;L-YOGA/ ThE
   (36A) -iN-iT-iAT-iON OF sAMVARA/ ThE mAHAMUDRA/ AND TO NUMEROUS
                                                                          p.830
         tANTR-iCS (SNAG~PA RN-iN-MA-PAS) HE GAVE ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON OF ~
         KHRO/ pHUR-PA (wAJRAK-iLA)/ hAYAGR;VA/ ETC. ACCORD-iNG
         TO ThE W-iSh OF EACH OF ThEM. aT nORTh lA-STOD HE PREACHED
         ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON OF ~-i-KHRO/ ETC./ AND ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE
         gUHYAGARBHA TO NUMEROUS tANTR-iCS AND bON-POS/ -iNCLUD-iNG
         ThE OFF-iC-iAL (MASTER/ BDAG-PO) ~HUD-KHA-PA. lATER AT bYAMS-
         PA-GL-iN DUR-iNG ThE GREAT SUMMER RECESS HE BESTOWED ON ThE
         ThREE GREAT zUR/ -iNCLUD-iNG bYAN~HUB RNAM-RGYAL OF ~HHOS'-KHOR
         SGAN-PA/ AND TO A ThOUSAND MONKS/ RES-iDENTS AND NON-RES-iDENTS/
         HEADED BY ~HEN-PO BsOD-NAMS 'OD-ZER-BA/ ThE ACARYA
         BStAN-GSAL-BA/ ThE ACARYA ~ES-RAB DBAN-PO/ AND OThERS/ ThE
         sAMADH-iRAJA-SUTRA/ ThE ~-iKSASAMUCCAYA/ ThE mUN-iMATALAMKARA/
         ThE sA-SDE-LNA (OF aSANGA)/ ThE bE-BUM SNON-PO (OF pO-T~BA)/
         AND ThE GREAT COMMENTARY ON ThE bYAMS-SMON (bYAMS-PA-I
         SMON-LAM-GY-iRGYAL-PO/ mA-iTR-i-PRAN-iDHANARAJA/ ~lES MdO-MAN"/
         ED. lALOU/ nO. 107/ P. 42). iN Th-iS MANNER HE HELPED TO
         BR-iNG OUT ThE ESSENCE OF ThE SUBL-iME MEAN-iNG (MTA-ARThA). iN
         PART-iCULAR HE PREACHED DUR-iNG MANY YEARS ThE GREAT w-iNAYA OF
         ThE mANTRAYANA (WH-iCH CONTA-iNED ThE VOWS OF mANTRAYANA) TO
         ThE -iNMATES OF bYAMS-PA-GL-iN. fURThER/ HE PREACHED TO ThE
         dHARMASVAM-iN aRYADEVA AND TO MANY OThERS ThE cOMMENTARY
         ON ThE hEVAJRA-tANTRA (BRtAG-GN-iS) BY wAJRAGARBHA (RdO-R~E
         SN-iN-PO/ tG. RgYUD/ nO. i 180)/ ThE nA-RO 'GREL-CHEN
         (wAJRAPADASARA-SAMGRAHAPANJ-iKA/ tG. RgYUD/ nO. i ~86)/
         ThE DgONS-C-iG/ ThE z~B^MO NAN-DON/ AND OThER TEXTS/ AND ThE
         -iN-iT-iAT-iON OF aCALA ACCORD-iNG TO ThE aNUTTARA-YOGA-tANTRA
         (m-i-GYO BLA-MED)/ ETC. aGA-iN TO MANY (D-iSC-iPLES)/ HEADED
         BY ThE kHAMS-PA ThE kALYANA-M-iTRA BkA'-BCU-PA/ m-i-NAG
         rAB-'BYAMS-PA ~HOS-KY-i GRAGS-PA/ rAB-'BYAMS-PA BdE-BZAN-
         ~A/ M~A'-R-iS rAB-'BYAMS-PA ~ER-RGYAL-BA/ rAB-'BYAMS-PA
         lEGS-BSAD-PA/ AND TO MANY LEARNED KALYANA-M-iTRAS HE PREACHED
         EXTENS-iVELY ON ABOUT FOUR (XC;LS-iONS ThE zAB-MO NAN-DON AND
         ThE DgONS-C-iG. tO ;BOUT F-iFTY STUDENTS/ -iNCLUD-iNG cHHOS-'KLLOR
         SGAN-PA/ ThE pLLAGS-PA GdAN-SA-BA DpAL-BZAN-PA/ H-iND OTLLERS/
         ThE dOHHL -iN 160 SLOKAS (sARAH.L/S dOH;~) ThE tShL-iL-KHR-iMS
         LE'U ~ThE CL1AL TER OL- MORAL-iT~/ ONE OF ThE CL1APTERS OF RL~C
                                                                          p.831
         bODH-iSATTVA-BHUM-i)/ ThE mANJUSRLNAMASANGLT-i/ ETC. hC ALSO
         BESTOWED ON MANY OCCAS-iONS ThE ã¹-gU-iDE ON ThE sADANGA-
   (36B) YOGA"/ ON V-iRTUOUS ONES/ -iNCLUD-iNG ThE rAB-'BYAMS-PA sER-RGYAL-
         BA/ lEGS-BSAD-PA/ AND OThERS/ AS WELL AS ON ThE MED-iTAT-iVE HER-
         M-iTS OF BsAM-GTAN-GL-iN. dUR-iNG ThAT T-iME ALSO HE TAUGHT ThE
         ã¹~gU-iDE ON ThE sADAR;GA-YOGA" FOR HALF A YEAR ON MORE
         ThAN 3O OCCAS-iONS tHE K-iNG WHO OBSERVED ThE wORLDLY
         dHARMAS ~YENDU kUN-DGA~ RGYAL-MTShAN ThE KHR-i-DPON OF
         yAR-'BROG W-iTh H-iS BROThER/ H-iS SON hYENDU lHUN-GRUB
         BKRA-S-iS/ ThE yAR-RGYAB DPON-CHEN (GREAT OFF-iC-iAL) r-iN-CHEN
         BZAR;-PO/ ThE QUEEN Rd~R~E BDE-MA/ HER SON ThE GREAT
         OF~-iC-iAL ~UN-DGA' R-iN-CHEN RGYAL-PO/ H-iS YOUNGER BROThER ThE
         dHARMASVAM-iN BsOD-NAMS YE-SES DPAL-BZAN-PO/ H-iS SON ThE
         tShAL-PA NAN-SO lHA-DBAR;-PA W-iTh H-iS SON/ ThE NAN-SO OF
         BsAM-BDE gRAGS-PA MtHA'-YAS W-iTh H-iS M-iN-iSTER/ RgYAL-BA-PA/
         ThE KHR-i-DPON OF bYA-PA/ AND H-iS SON DpAL BkRA-S-iS dAR-RGYAS
         lEGS-PA-I RGYAL-PO W-iTh H-iS BROThER/ ALL HONOURED H-iM. hE
         BESTOWED ON ThEM NUMEROUS H-iDDEN PRECEPTS/ -iNSTRUCT-iONS/ AND
         -iN-iT-iAT-iONS WH-iCH PUR-iF-iED ThE-iR M-iNDS AND PROTECTED ThEM
         FROM M-iSFORTUNES. iN PART-iCULAR HE BESTOWED ON ThEM ThE
         -iN-iT-iAT-iON -iNTO ThE ThREE AUSP-iC-iOUS MANDALAS (aM-iTABHA-tARA-
         w-iJAYA) AND MANTRAS. iN Th-iS MANNER ThE WHOLE COUNTRY-S-iDE
         BECAME BLESSED AND UNCONQUERABLE BY OThERS. tHEY ALL
         BECAME ADORNED BY TLLE oCEAN OF wORLDLY AND sP-iR-iTUAL
         VALUES WH-iCH HE BESTOWED ON ThEM BY LEAD-iNG ThEM TOWARDS
         ThE FOUNDAT-iON OF V-iRTUE WH-iCH REPRESENTED ThE METhOD OF REN-
         DER-iNG WORLDLY WEALTh FRU-iTFUL. tHE lORD OF bYAN-PA RnAM-
         RGYAL GRAGS-PA AND H-iS SON/ ThOUGH PROUD OF ThE-iR DESCENT -iN
         PUBL-iC/ PR-iVATELY ThEY GREATLY ESTEEMED H-iM AS ThE-iR sP-iR-iTUAL
         L EACHER/ AND ON MANY OCCAS-iONS ThEY USED TO PUT H-iM
         QUEST-iONS ON ThE dOCTR-iNE/ AND HONOURED H-iM GREATLY.
         eSPEC-iALLY H-iS hOL-iNESS ~HOS-KY-i GRAGS PA yE-SES DPAL-
         BZAN-PO/ ThE FOURTh H-iERARCH OF ThE rED cROWN (~WA-
         DMAR COD-PAN 'DZ-iN-PA) OF DpAL kAR-MA-PA/ A M~N-i~ESTAT-iON
   (37A) OF ThE j-iNA-nATESVARA ( gAR-DBAN ) wAJRADHARA/ ThE
         gREAR/ BEGGED H-iM/ WHO H~D BEEN H-iS SP-iR-iTUAL PRECEPTOR
                                                                          p.832
         DUR-iNG MANY PREV-iOUS EX-iSTENCES/ TO COME TO kHAMS/
         AND TO BECOME H-iS SP-iR-iTUAL PRECEPTOR -iN Th-iS L-iFE ALSO.
         hE SENT ThE -iNV-iTAT-iON BY MESSENGER W-iTh LARGE PRESENTS.
         tHE MESSENGER ARR-iV~D WHEN ThE BLA-MA WAS RES-iD-iNG -iN tSA.
         R-i/ BUT HE WAS UNABLE TO GO ThERE. lATER HE PURPOSELY
         JOURNEYED TOWARDS DBuS/ AND ThEY BECAME tEACHER AND D-iSC-i-
         PLE/ MORE -iNT-iMATE ThAN CLOSE ~R-iENDS. hE AT F-iRST BESTOWED
         ON H-iM ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON OF ~HE TWO-FACED wAJR~VARAHL/ ThAT OF ThE
         tH-iRTEEN GODS OF sARNVARA ACCORD-iNG TO ThE SYSTEM OF dR-iL-BU-
         PA (wAJRAGHANTAPADA)/ aCALA ACCORD-iNG TO ThE aNUTTATA-YOGA-
         tANTRA (m-i-GYO BLA-MED)/ ThE ~sEVEN MAR!~DALAS O~ R~OG"/
         ThE 'kHOR-LO SGYU-DRUG/ ThE sAR;S-RGYAS ThOD-PA (sN-bUDDHA-
         K LPALA-NAMA-YOG-iN;TANTRARAJA/ kG. RgYUD-'BUM/ nO. 424)/
         ThE pHUR-PA SPU-GR-i (A R~-iR;-MA BOOK)/ ThE RdOR-DBY-iR;S/
         ThE pHYAG-RDOR DBAN-BSKUR (aRYA-wAJRAPANYABH-iSEKA-MAHA-
         TANTRA/ kG. RgYUD/ nO. 496)/ ThE dAM-TSh-iG GSUM-BKOD
         (tR-iSAMAYAVYUHARAJA-NAMA-TANTRA/ kG. RgYUD-'BUM' nO.S/02)/
         ThE aM-iTABHA -iN-iT-iAT-iON ACCORD-iNG TO ThE METhOD OF dZE-TA-R-i
         (jETAR-i)/ ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON OF BdE-MCwHOG nAM-MKHA'-DAN-MNAM-PA
         (sR-i-kHASAMA-TANTTARAJA-NAMA/ kG. RgYUD-'BUM/ nO.386)/ ETC./
         ThE R~E-BTSAN (A t-iBETAN LOCAL DE-iTY)/ ThE dUD-SOL (NAME OF A
         GODDESS)/ ThE pHYAG-BZ-i-PA ACCORD-iNG TO ThE METhOD OF nAGAR-
         JUNA/ ThE nA-RO MKH~'-SPYOD (ThE wAJRAVARAH-i SYSTEM ACCORD-
         -iNG TO ThE METhOD OF nA-RO-PA)/ ThE dON-GRUB-MA
         (s~-iRVATThLS-iDDH-iSADHANA-NAMA/ kG. RgYUD/ nO. i552)/ ThE
         '~AM-DBYANS iHA-LN;L (F-iVE ASPECTS OF mAR-iJUGHOSA DWELL-iNG ON
         ThE F-iVE pEAKS OF wU-T-'A-i-ShAN)/ ThE BlA-MA Gs~N-'DUS (A R~-iN-
         MA DE-iTY)/ ThE tShOGS-BDAG (gANAPAT-i)/ ThE tShE-R-iN MCHED-
         LL-iA (ThE F-iVE S-iSTER-GODDESSES DWELL-iNG ON ;i GROUP OF SNOWY
         PEAKS -iN sOUThERN t-iBET/ O~ WH-iCH mOUNT eVEREST -iS ONE(~O-
         MO GlAN-BZ -i-i-i--iNA OR ~O-MO Gl;LN-M~/ N~ME OF mOUNT eVEREST
         ()/ ETC./ ThE hEV~JR;L/ ThE gUR (VAJR~P~-iRLJAR~)~ ThE sAMPUT;L
         (sAMPUT.~-N.~-iN~-NLAH.~-TANTRA/ kG. RgYUD-'BUM/ nO. 381)/ TLLE
         Gd~-iN-GZ-i/ ThE m~ M~YL/ ThE ~iAR-iJUSR-iN;1M~SAR;G-iT-i W-iTh
         DLE EXPLLN~T-iONS O~ ThE R~OG l-iNE;LGE/ ThE yE-SES RD~R~E K--iN-
         13S-BMS CHC-BA (sR-i-JN~N2VAJRASHLN~UCCHLY~/ kG. RgYUD-'B-N--/
                                                                          p.833
         nO/ 450)/ ThE SL-i~-iN-MO RGYA-PA/ ThC MULA AND -iTS COMMCN-
         TDRY (tG. RgYUD/ nO. 2249)/ TBE gRUB-SR-i-iN (A WORK BELON~-
         TO ThE dOHA CLASS)/ ThE a-MA-NA-S-i (aMANAS-iKARODDESA/
         tG. RgYUD/ nO/ 224G(a-MA-NA-S-i -iS ThE NAME OF ;-i CLASS OF
         WORKS CONTA-iN-iNG 26 T-iTLES. bU-STON/ BStAN-'GYUR DKAR~L~AG/
         ~sU-i-i-'BUM/ wOL.xxwi (lA)/ FOL. 47A; tG. RgYUD/ nOS.~22G-
         ~2~/4)/ ThE zAB-MO NAN-DON (tG. RgYUD/ nOS. 2217-22~3)
         ND ThE DgONS-C-iG/ ThE YERM-iSS-iON (LUN) OF ThE 'gRO-MGON
         BkA'-'BUM/ ETC./ ThE sADANGA-YOGA/ ThE gU-iDE-BOOK ON ThE
         S.LNLPLLLNAKRAMA DEGREE OF wAJRAYOG-iM (RdO-R~E RNAL-'BYOR-MA/
         i.E. w.LJRAVARAHL)/ AND ThE pAR-iCAKRAMA OF dR-iL-BU-PA ACCORD-iNG
         TO CHE -iNEThOD OF ThE GREAT PAND-iTA (wANARATNA)/ ;MD ThE COLLEC-
   (37B) T-iON OF PRECEPTS -iNCLUD-iN~/ ThE H-iDDEN PRCCEPTS OF BsRE-'~HO (A
         i)OOK OF mAR-PA -iN G SECT-iONS)/ ThE ~HHOS-DRUG-MKHAR-DKAR-M;~
         (L~-iDDEN BY ThE sOLL OF mAR-PA ;-iND D-iSCOVERED BY GURU cHHOS-
         DBAN)/ ThE PRECEPTS OF mA-YA-I RDZOGS-R-iM-PA-I NU-MA (-i.E.
         ANUMA/ NAME OF A SYSTEM OF MED-iTAT-iON 011 4 LETTERS. hERC
         ThE aNUMA OF TLLE SAMPANNAKR-iLMA DEGREE OF mAYA -iS MEANT).
         tL~LS ~ HHOS-GRAGS L-iSTEN~D To DLE HEAVY ShOWER OF REL-iG-iON/
         YROFOUND AND EXTENS-iVE/ 3ND BECAME ThE CH-iEF OF ThE SONS (-i.C.
         D-iSC-iPLES).
            fURTLLER/ OLL MANY FORTUN;LTE ONES HE BESTOWED -iN-iT-iAT-iONS
         .iND E.~;POS-iT-iONS FULF-iLL-iNG RHE W-iSh OF EACH OF ThEM. hE
         STATEL ThAT~ ThE ~RL kALACjKRA CLEARLY EXP6-i-iLS/ W-iThOUT L--iD-iNG/
         ThE DOCTR-iNE OF YUGANA~DHA/ TL~E ESSENCE OF ALL ThE SCR-iPTURES.
         iF ONE WERE TO GRASP -iTS MEAN-iNG/ ONE WOULD BE ABLE TO
         PENETRATE ALL ThE SCR-iPTURES OF ThE s~-iTRA AND tANTRA CLASSES/
         FOR .111 TLLE OThERS ARE JUST ME~NS OF UNDERSTAND-iNG Th-iS DOC-
         TR-iNE. fOR -iT -iS ThE ESSENCE OF ThE dOCTR-iNE". hE USED TO
         -iNTERPRET jLL ThE DOCTR-iNES OF ThE s~-iTRA .N~D tANTRA CLASSES W-iTh
         TLLE HELP OF ThE kALACAKRA/ NEVER SEPjR.LTED FRON~ TLLE BOOK/ AND
         USED ~O EXPOUND -iT. hC CLEARLY SOUNDED ThE FEARLESS ROAR OF
         TL~E L-iON/ SAY-iNGH ~/tHE L-iLT-iMATE gOAL OF ALL (ThE dOCTR-iNES) -iS
         TLLE UNDERSTAND-iN~R/ OF TLLE VEL)-iCLE OF YU~R/ANADDLLA.'' aLSO HE
         USED RO SAYH ~/oNE WLLO LLAD PLACED -iL-iS FA-iTh -iN TLL-iS ~/EH-iCLE/
         -iF LLE WERE TO D-iE TOUCLL-i-iLG W-iTh LL-iS FORE-HEAD ThE VOL~-iME ON
                                                                          p.834
         ThE kALACAKR;L/ HE WOULD DRAW NEARER TO ThE STATE OF eNL-iGHTEN-
         MENT/ ThAN HE WHO HAD STUD-iED NUMEROUS p-iTAKAS/
         AND HAD BECOME A SCHOLAR". iN Th-iS MANNCR HE HELD
         ThE DOCTR-iNE OF ThE kALACAKRA -iN H-iGH ESTEEM.
            hE PREACHED EXTENS-iVELY ON MANY OCCAS-iONS ThE SpY-i-DON
         (OF ThE kALACAKRA/ -i.E. ThE sUMMARY ON ThE kALACAKRA)/ AS
         WELL AS EXTENS-iVELY PREACHED TO MANY O~ H-iS ATTENDANTS AND
         p-iTAKADHARAS/ HEADED BY ~HHOS-'LCHOR-SGAR;-PA. tHE ASSEMBL-iES
         OF FORTUNATE ONES WHOM HE HAD L-iBERATED BY G-iV-iNG ThEM
         GU-iDANCE ON SUCH SUBJECTS AS ThE sADANGA-YOGA/ ETC./ WERE
         NUMBERLESS. i HAVE G-iVEN A BR-iEF ACCOUNT O~ ThESE EVENTS. iN
         REAL-iTY (YAN-DAG-PAT-NA) HE WAS ENDOWED W-iTh ALL ThE QUAL-iT-iES
   (38A) OF A KALYANA-M-iTRA/ SUCH AS ThE S-iGN OF POSSESS-iNG ThE NATURE
         OF A bODH-iSATTVA (bODH-iSATTVA-GOTRA)/ COURAGE/ EAGERNESS (SPRO-
         BA)/ EXERT-iON (BRTUN-PA)/ NEVER -G-iV-iNG UP ThE VOWS O~ MORAL-iTY
         (S-iKSAPADA) NEVER BREAK-iNG H-iS PROM-iSES/ COMM-iSERAT-iON
         TOWARDS ThE LOW AND W-iCKED ONES/ K-iNDNESS W-i~HOUT CA--iSE/ ThE
         RETURN-iNG OF K-iNDNESS ShOWN TO H-iM BY OThERS/ K-iNDNESS TOWARDS
         ThOSE WHO ATTEMPTED ON H-iS L-iFE/ AND POSSESSED O~ EXTENS-iVE
         KNOWLEDGE. hE WAS BOUND BY ThE VOWS OF ThE pRAT-i-iNOKSA (NES-
         'BYUN) ACCOMPAN-iED BY A mENTAL cREAT-iVE eF~ORT TOWARDS ThE
         mAHAYANA (ThE bODH-iSATTVA VOW)/ HE WAS NOT DEF-iLED BY
         NATURAL S-iNS/ AND BY TRANSGRESS-iONS OF REL-iG-iOUS VOWS/ HE
         D-iD NOT TRANS;/RESS ThE L-iM-iTS OF D1E PREC-iOUS VOWS OF PERM-iSS-iON
         AND PROH-iB-iT-iON (DGAG-SGRUB). iN Th-iS MANNER HE PERFECTED
         H-iS PURE CONDUCT (TShANS-PAR SPYOD-LA/ BRAHMACARYA)/ AND WAS
         ENDOWED W-iTh ThE COMPLETE ACCOMPL-iShMENTS SET FORTh -iN
         ThE w-iNAYA OF ThE hOLY dOCTR-iNE/ F-iT ~OR A tEACHER. h-iS
         -iN-iND WAS FULLY AWAKENED TOWARDS ThE ENTRY -iNTO ThE
         VEH-iCLE OF wAJRAYANA/ AND HE NEVER TRANSGRESSED/ EVEN FOR
         A BR-iEF MOMENT/ ThE ORD-iNARY AND EXTRAORD-iNARY VOWS.
         hE EXPER-iENCED ThE iNNATE w-iSDO-iN (sAHAJA JNANA) DES-
         CR-iBED -iN ThE (Th-iRD) -iN-iT-iAT-iON. hE ALSO PERCE-iVED ThE
         ~-iRMAT-iON OF ThE FOURTh -iN-iT-i~T-iON (ThE STATE OF YUGANADDHA)/
         WH-iCH -iS ThE H-iDDEN STATE OF ALL ThE tA~TRAS. hE POSSESSED
         ThE FOUR PRAT-iSAMVEDYAS (SO-SO-YAN-DAG-PAR R-iG-PA/ ThE FOUR
                                                                          p.835
         K-iNDS OF -iNTENSE PENETRAT-iON(mHVTPT/ 13)/ OBTA-iNED ON ThE
         N-iNTh STAGE)/ HE WAS K-iND AND FREE FROM PR-iDE. hE WAS
         CNDOWED W-iTh ALL ThE CHARACTER-iST-iCS OF A VENERABLE TEACHER
         (SRLMAT-GURU/ DPAL-LDAN BLA-MA)/ AND ThUS BECAME ThE SOLE
         PROTECTOR OF ThC ENT-iRE wORLD -iNCLUD-iNG ThAT OF ThE GODS.
         oNE ShOULD .EMEMBER ThE oCEAN OF H-iS L-iFE-STORY AND REPEAT
         H-iS NAME. oNE ShOULD REVERENCE H-iM -iN EVERY WAY/ HAVE
         FA-iTh -iN H-iM AND SALUTE H-iM CONSTANTLY W-iTh GREAT AND UNShAK-
         ABLE FA-iTh. wHAT USE -iS ThERE -iN TROUBL-iNG ONESELF BY WR-iT-iNG
   (38B) ABOUT ThE M-iNOR M-iRACLES OF H-iS L-iFE?
            tHE E-iGHTh (cHAPTER)H H-iS PASS-iNG -iNTO n-iRVAR!A. tHOUGH
         ThE GREAT bODH-iSATTVAS AB-iD-iNG ON ThE LOFTY STAGE (MAHL-BHUM-i/
         SA-CHEN) ATE L-iBERATED FROM ThE BONDAGES OF B-iRTh AND DEATh/
         Th-iS EXPRESS-iON -iS USED HERE -iN ORDER TO -iND-iCATE ~ TECHN-iCAL
         REL-iG-iOUS TERM S-iGN-iFY-iNG A FEEL-iNG OF SOTROW TOWARDS -iMPER-
         MANENCE. wH-iLE EVERY DAY HE USED ~O BESTOW PROFOUND AND
         M-iNUTE -iNSTRUCT-iONS ON ThE MAHA-UPADHYAYA 'tShAL-M-iN
         ~HOS-KY-i GRAGS-PA/ M~A'-R-iS rAB-' BYAMS-PA ~ER-RGYAL-BA/
         ~HOS-'KHOR SGAN-PA/ ThE dHARMASVAM-iN RtE'U-RA-PA/ r-iN-CHEN
         CHOS RGYAL/ AND OThERS/ HE GAThERED H-iS APPAR-iT-iONAL BODY ON
         ThE 7Th DAY OF ThE GTh MONTh OF ThE YEAR wATER-mALE-t-iGER
         (CH~L-PHO-STAG--1482 a.d. tH-iS B-iOGRAPHY MUST HA~/E BEEN
         -iNSERTED BY ThE ED-iTOR AFTER ThE DEATh OF 'gOS LO-TSA-BA -iN
         1481 a.d.)/ CALLED DgE-BYED (SUBHAKRT)/ AT ThE AGE ã¸F s9
         oN ThE LOTh DAY HE N~AN-iFESTED ThE APPEAR~NCE OF ~ROCEED-iNG
         TO tUS-iTA/ AND NUMEROUS WONDERFUL S-iGNS/ SUCH AS RA-iNBOWS/
         L~OWER ShOWERS/ SCENT/ ETC./ WERE OBSERVED BY ALL. tHE FOURTh
         kAR MA PA H-iERARCH/ ThE ~'hOLDER OF ThE rED cROWN" (7WA-
         DMAR COD-PAN 'DZ-iN-PA) CANLE ThERE AND COMFORTED ThE D-iSC-iPLES/
         TELL-iNG ThEM ThAT ThE lORD HAD TRULY GONE TO tUS-iTA. tHE
         H-iERARCH STAYED W-iTh ThEM T-iLL ThE END OF ThE 4GTh DAY DND
         EXHORTED ThEM TO MED-iTATE. tHE H-iERARCH WAS PRESENT AT TLLE
         CREMAT-iON~ OF~ERED BLESS-iNGS ON ThE OCCAS-iON OF ThE FUNERAL
         RLTES (DGONS-RDZOGS NO-BO BSNO-BA)/ PERFORN~ED ThE CONSECRA-
         TLON CEREMON-iES OF ThE PREC-iOUS ~ OUTER" -iMAGES (-iMLGES
         ~ CED FOR WORSLL-iP/ AS D-iS~-iNGU-iShED FROM TLLOSE KEPT -iNS-iDE
                                                                          p.836
         STUPAS)/ AND WROTE A YRA-iSE OF ThE tEACHER AND H-iS b-iOGRAPHY/
         AL~D ThUS ~ULF-iLLED ThE tEACHER'S W-iShES. tHEY USED WH-iTE
         SANDAL WOOD FOR ThE CREMAT-iON/ AS WELL AS MYROBALAN AND
         SCENTED WOODS (BENZO-iN/ sKRT. S-iHLA)/ ETC. mANY REL-iCS OF
         D-iFFERENT COLOURS/ A SAR-iRA BR-iGHT AS CRYSTAL/ AND NUMBERLESS
   (39A) -iMAGCS WERE RECOVERED (FROM ThE AShES)/ AND WORSh-iPPED BY
         ThE D-iSC-iPLES. aFTER ThE tEACHER HAD MAN-iFESTED ThE APPEAR-
         ANCE O~ PASS-iNG -iNTO n-iRVANA/ H-iS MERCY (GRACE) CONT-iNUED TO
         EXERT -iTSEL~ W-iThOUT BREAK. tHEY ERECTED A PREC-iOUS STUPA
         (~DUN-KHAN) SEVERAL STOR-iES H-iGH/ MADE OF S-iL~ER. tHE DOOR
         OF ThE STUPA (SGO-KHAN) AND ORNAMENTS -iNLA-iD W-iTh JEWELS
         WCRE NLADE OF PURE GOLD/ AND WERE ADORNED W-iTh COUNTLESS
         PREC-iOUS STONES/ SUCH AS MA-RGAD (MARAKATA/ EMERALD)/ RUBY
         (PADMA RAGA)/ PEATLS (MU-T-iG)/ SAPH-iRES (NAL)/ AND TURQUO-iSES.
         tHE REL-iC HOLDER W;-iS PLACED ON ThE UPPER STOREY OF ThE GREAT
         STUPA OF bYAMS-PA-GL-iN. (tHEY ALSO PREPARED) A ShR-iNE MADE
         O~ S-iLVER AND GOLD/ ADORNED W-iTh PREC-iOUS STONES/ ThE LENGTh OF
         AN ARROW (MDA'-GAN-PA) -iN HE-iGHT/ A PREC-iOUS L-i~E-S-iZE -iMAGE (OF
         ThE tEACHER)/ AND SC~ERAL OThER SMALLER -iMAGES/ MADE OF GOLD
         ;-iND S-iLVER/ ALSO SEVERAL LARGE AND SMALL P;-i-iNTED BANNERS (RAS-BR-iS)
         OF ThE tCACHER/ AND MANY HUNDRED STAMPED -iMAGES/ HAV-iNG
         M-iXED N~ED-iCATED CLAY W-iTh H-iS AShES. tHE cOLLECT-iON OF H-iS
         wORKS WAS ED-iTED. lATER/ AS DES-iRED BY H-iM/ 3 LARGE AND
         WONDERFUL S-iLK -iMAGE OF ThE wENERABLE mA-iTREY;L WAS REVERENT-
         LY PREP;-iRED BY DpAL RdO-R~E BDE-MA AND HER SON ThE
         dHARMASVAM-iN BsOD-NAMS YE-SES-DPAL-BZAN-PO. fURThER/
         H-iS PERSONAL D-iSC-i~LES AND ALMS-G-iVERS ERECTED SEVERAL O~HLS
         -iMAGES -iN GOLD AND S-iLVER/ AND POPULAR-iZED H-iS cOLLECT-iON
         O~ wORKS. aLL ~H-iS BCCAME ThE FOUNDAT-iON oT ThE
         dOCTR-iNE/ AND OBJECTS FOR WORSh-iP BY L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS. aMONG
         H-iS CH-iEF D-iSC-iPLES ThERE WERE MANY WHO SPREAD H-iS METhOD
         O~ MED-iTAT-iON AND H-iS TEACH-iNG -iN D-iFFERENT LOCAL-iT-iES/ BUT H-iS
         PERMANENT ATTENDANTS KEPT AT dOL BsAM-GTAN-GL-iN AND bYAMS-
         PA-GL-iN H-iS PRECEPTS OF ThE ~gU-iDE ON ThE sADANGA-YOGA"/
   (39B) H-iS METhOD OF R-iTES (SGRUB-MCHOD)/ AS WELL AS H-iS LARGE -iMAGE/
         HOLY OBJECTS WH-iCH BELONGED TO H-iM/ H-iS OF~ER-iNG UTENS-iLS/
                                                                          p.837
         AND H-iS BOOKS. tHE ABOVE BR-iEF ACCOUNT WAS G-iVEN HERE -iN
         CONFORM-iTY W-iTh ThE ~UThOR-iZAT-iOLL OF ~HE AUThOR O~ ThE PRE-
         SENT WORK/ MENT-iOLLED ABOVE. iN ThE ABSENCE OF WR-iTTEN
         SOURCES/ -iT WAS -iMPOSS-iBLE TO -iNCLUDE -iN ThE PRESENT WORK ThE
         OThER ACCOUNTS (ABOUT H-iS l-iFE). wE HAVE WR-iTTEN ThE ABOVE/
         BECAUSE ThE aLL-KNOW-iN~ 'gOS. AUThOR OF ThE PRESENT WORK/
         -iNTENDED TO -iNCL~LDE -iN Th-iS h-iSTORY STOR-iES ~BOUT ThE dOCTR-iNE
         AND VARLOUS -iND-iV-iDUALS WH-iCH COULD BE OF BENEF-iT TO ThE
         dOCTR-iNE/ AND BECAUSE -iN ThE L-iNE OF ThE sOUThERN K-iNGS/
         ã¹~HO HAD WORSh-iPPED ThE tHREE jEWELS/ DpAL BkRA-S-iS d~R-RGYAS
         lEGS-PA-I RGYAL-PO/ WHO HAD D-iST-iNGU-iShED H-iMSEL~ BY ThE
         FAME OF POSSESS-iNG UNEQUH~L FORTUNE AND W-iSDOM (ThE PUR!~A AND
         JNAN3-SHLMBH;LT;L)/ BY H-iS SETV-iCES TO H1LL BTHLNCHES OF KNOWLEDGE/
         AND BV ThE CPTEAD OF ThE w~Y OF TLLE dOCTT-iNE (BStHLN-BYUS)/
         L-iKE A STTEAM -iN SUMMET. WHEN PT-iNT-iNG Th-iS GTEAT H-iSTOTY OF
         ThE dOCTT-iNE (~HOS-'BY~-iN CHEN-MO)/ TOLD US ThAT HE ~'HAD
         STR-iVEN TOW~RDS Th-iS V-iTTUOUS WOTK (-i.E. ThE PR-iNT-iNG OF RH-iS
         BOOK)/ KEEP-iNG -iN H-iS m-iND ThE COMMAND OF ThE wENETABLE
         oNE ONLY (ThE l-i~E STORY OF BsOD-NAMS RGYA-MTShO MUST HAVE
         BEEN ADDCD TO ThE ~'biUE aNNALS" BY ThE ED-iTOTS AFTER ThE
         ~LEATL~ OF 'gOS LO-TSA-BA G~ON-NU-DPAL -iN 1481 a.d.). nO
         ONE WAS GREATER ThAN Th-iS LO-TSA-BA (BsOD-NAMS RGYA-MTShO~
         -iN SPREAD-iNG ThE FAME OF OUR sOUThERN K-iNGS AND -iN ThE
         D-iSCOVERY OF ThE p~Th LEAD-iNG TOWARDS TLLE ABODE OF PERFECT-iON.
         tL~EREFORE/ ON Th-iS OCCAS-iON/ YOU ShOULD AT LE~ST -iNSERT A BR-iEF
         AcCOUNT OF H-iS L-iFE". i D-iD SO AT H-iS REQUEST. iN G~NERAL/
         Th~ kH~LACAKRA-tANTR3 (HAD B~EN TRANSLjTED) BY ThE LO TSA-BA
         gY-i-jO/ BlO-GROS SN-iN-PO/ AND OThERS/ RmA DgE BA-I BLO-GROS/
         i~L;LN-'OR bYAN-CHUB SES-R;LB. BsOD-N~MS YE-SES/ 'a-ZA RgYA-
         GAR-BRTSE/S/ tSA-M-i sANS-RGY~S-GRHLGS/ id-i-R-i ~HHOS-GRAGS/ GnAM
   (40A) LO TSH~/ G~OS LO-TSA-B;L OF kHHL-RAG/ 'bRO ~ES-RHLB-GRAGS/ StENS-PA
         LO-TSA-B.L/ rAN-L-iNS LO-TSA-B;L/ rW;~ ~HHOS-RAB/ ~HAG ~HHOS-R~E-
         (iP.~ ON-STON RdO-RjE RGYAL-MTSLLAN/ yAR-KLUNS L~TSL.BA
         gRAG~-~j RGYji-MTShHLN/ DpAN LO-TSA-B;L BlO-GROS BRTAN-P;L/
         DpA-i-i/S D-iSC-iPLES BlO-GROS/ ThE NVO/ AND OThERS. tHE kAL~CH-iKR.L-
         t.N-TR.L WAS TLLE ONL~ BOOK WH-iCLL H;-D .~O MANY TRANSLATORS.
                                                                          p.838
           tHE kALACAKRA UTTATA-TANTRA (kG. RgYUD-'BUM/ nO. 363)
         WAS TRANSLATED BY G~AN LO-TSA-BA (dHARMA-GRAGS) AND sE'U
         LO-TSA-BA. lATER -iT WAS AGA-iN TRANSLATED BY KlUBS LO-TSA-BA
         BlO-GROS-DPAL/ WHO ADDED ThE M-iSS-iNG ELEVEN SLOKAS. tHE
         DbAN-MDOR-BSTAN (sEKODDESA/ kG. RgYUD-'BUM/ nO. 361) WAS
         TRANSLATED BY 'bRO/ rWA/ mAN-LUNS-PA/ SgRA-TShAD-P~ r-iN-
         RG~/AL/ DpAN LO-TSA-BA/ AND yAR-KLUNS LO-TSA-BA. pU-HRANS
         LO-CHUN TRANSLATED ThE T-iTLE AS DbAN-NER-BSTAN. tHE cOMMEN-
         TARY BY wAJRAGARBHA (RdO-R~E SN-iN-'GREL/ hEVAJRAP-iNDARThA-
         T/K~/ tG RgYUD/ nO. 1180) WAS TRANSLATED BY ~OG-GRU t-iN-
         'DZ-iN BZAN-PO/ GnEL-COR sES-RAB-GRAGS/ kHYUN-PO ~HOS-BRTSON/
   (40B) yAR-KLUNS LO-TSA-BA/ AND DpAN BlO-GROS BRTAN-PA.
            tHE cOMMENTARY ON sAMVARA COMPOSED BY wAJRAPAN-iH
         i SAW -iTS TRANSLAT-iON BY T~HOG-GRU t-iN-'DZ-iN BZAN-PO/ WH-iCH
         WAS REV-iSED BY sON BlO-BRTAN/ AS WELL AS BY kHU-DNOS-GRUB.
         rEGARD-iNG ThE dON-DAM-PA-I BSNEN-PA (~R-i-pARAMARThASEVA/
         tG.RgYUD/ nO. 1348) i HAVE SEEN sOMANAThA'S OWN TRANSLA-
         T-iON (RAN-'GYUR--W-iThOUT ThE HELP OF A t-iBETAN TRANSLATOR)/ AS
         WELL AS A TRANSLAT-iON BY ThE yAR-KLL~NS LO-TSA-BA.
            tHE itA-BA-I 'DOD-PA MDOR-BSTAN/ WH-iCH HAS NOT ~ORMERLY
         BEEN TRANSLATED -iNTO t-iBETAN/ WAS TRANSLATED BY kUN-SPANS
         cHHOS-GRAGS-DPAL. tHE sEKODDESATLKA (BY L~A-RO-PA/ tG.
         RgYUD/ nO. i353) APPCARS TO HAVE BEEN TRANSLATED BY ThE
         yAR-KLUNS LO-TSA-BA/ SgRA-TShAD-PA AND DpAN.
            tHE BOOK ON kALACAKRA. tHE BLOCK PR-iNT WAS PREPARED
   (41A) AT ThE pALACE OF cHOS-RGYAL iHUN-PO.
                                                                          p.839
                                     bauk xi.
                      tHE mAH⃠MUDR⃠(phyag-rgya chen-po).
            nOW i ShALL RELATE ThE STORY OF ThE mAH⃠MUDR⃠("gREAT
         sEAL") DOCTR-iNE/ WH-iCH SEALS ALL ThE MED-iTAT-iVE AND REL-iG-iOUS
         PRLCT-iCES/ FROM ThE pRAT-i MOKsA (DOCTR-iNE)/ WH-iCH -iS ThE
         FOUNDAT-iON OF ThE dOCTR-iNE OF bUDDHA/ TO ThE gUHYASAMâƒJA.
         (wH-iLE D-iSCUSS-iNG ThE pATh OF ThE dOCTR-iNE) ThERE -iS NO NEED
         TO RELATE ThE OP-iN-iON OF ORD-iNARY L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS WHO HAVE NO
         DES-iRE TO ABANDON ThE pHENOMENAL eX-iSTENCE (SAmSâƒRA/ 'khor
         ba)/ AND ThAT OF ThE HERET-iCAL N-iH-iL-iSTS (rgyang-pan-pa) WHO DO
         NOT STR-iVE FOR EMANC-iPAT-iON. oThER HERET-iCAL SCHOOLS/ AS FOR
         EXAMPLE ThE d-iGAMBARAS (GcER-BU-PA) AND OThERS/ ADM-iTT-iNG
         EV-iL ACT-iONS TO BE ThE ROOT OF SUFFER-iNGS OF ThE pHENOMENAL
         eX-iSTENCE/ ATTEMPTED TO ERAD-iCATE (EV-iL) ACT-iONS (ThROUGH
         PENANCE). aCCORD-iNG TO ThE mâŒMâƒmSAKAS (spyod-pa-pa
         dpyod-pa pa) ThERE D-iD NOT EX-iST A F-iNAL EMANC-iPAT-iON (MOKsA/
         thar-pa) AT ALL/ AND ThEREFORE ThEY STROVE TO GET R-iD OF (MORAL)
         DEF-iLEMENTS FOR ThE SAKE OF A TEMPORARY EMANC-iPAT-iON ONLY
         (R~-Sh-iG-G-i ThAR-PA). tHE sâƒmKHYAS (gRAngS-CAN-PA) AND ThE
         wA-iShEs-iKAS (i~YE-BRAG-PA) MA-iNTA-iNED ThAT MORAL DEF-iLEMENT
         (KLEShA/ NON-MOngS-PA) WAS ThE ROOT OF pHENOMENAL eX-iSTENCE
         ('KHOR-BA). aGA-iN ThE ROOT OF MORAL DEF-iLEMENT WAS iGNORANCE
         CHARACTER-iZED BY ThE NON-UNDERSTAND-iNG OF ThE (NATURE) OF ThE
         sELF (âƒNUALL/ BDAG). tHEREFORE/ ThEY HAV-iNG lMDERSTOOD ThE
         sEiF/ AND HAV-iNG ENTERED CONCENTRATED TRANCE/ REACHED VAR-iOUS
         (-iN ALL E-iGHT STAGES) STAGES BEG-iNN-iNG W-iTh ThE F-iRST DHYâƒNA/ AS
         FAR AS ThE h-iGHEST pO-iNT OF MED-iTAT-iON (-iN ThE S~HERE OF
         pHENOMETLAL eX-iSTENCE/ BHA~AGRA/ SR-iD-PA-I RTSE-MO)/ BUT ThEY/
         BE-iNG CA~LGHT -iN ThE NET OF AN EGO-iST-iC OUTLOOK. ã¹VERE DEST-iNED
         TO FALL (AGA-iN) -iNTO ThE aVâŒC-i HELL. iN Th-iS CONNECT-iON ThE
         âƒCâƒRYA wASUBANDHU HAD SA-iDH iS ThERE (ANOThER) METhOD OF
         OBTA-iN-iNG SAiVAT-iON/ DL;LN Th-iS (bUDDH-iSM)? nO--AND FOR
                                                                          p.840
         WHAT REASON? bECAUSE ThE (HERET-iCAL tEACHERS) MA-iNTA-iN A
         WRONG V-iEW ON ThE sELF." bUDDH-iST SCHOLARS MA-iNTA-iN ThAT
         W-iThOUT ABANDON-iNG iGNORANCE/ WH-iCH ADM-iTS (ThE EX-iSTENCE)
         OF A sEiF/ ThERE -iS NO sALVAT-iON. tH-iS âƒTMA-Dr-ist-i -iS OF TWO
         K-iNDS/ ThAT -iN RESPECT OF ThE -iND-iV-iDUAL/ AND ThAT -iN RESPECT
         OF ThE eLEMENTC OF eX-iSTENCE. tHE sHRAVAKAS AND pRATYEKA-
         bUDDHAS HAV-iNG REJECTED ThE ThEORY -iN RESPECT OF ThE
         -iND-iV-iDUAL (PUDGALA)/ HAVE OBTA-iNED A TRUE SALVAT-iON -iN WL--iCH
         RHERE -iS NO CONT-iNU-iTY O~ REB-iRTh. bUT ThE W-iSE bODH-iSARTVAS/
         -i~ ThEY WERE TO OBTA-iN SALVAT-iON lCOR ThE-iR OWN SAKE ONLY/
         WOULD PROCEED AS DESCR-iBED (BY cANDRAGOM-iN -iN H-iS sH-isYA/
         iEKHA-DHARMA-KâƒVYA/ ED. BY i.p.m-iNAYEFF & a. iVANOVSKY
         -iN zAP-iSK-i/ iw/ P. 77/ VERSE 96H NE-DU /KHOR-BA-I RGYA-M-iTShO/-i
         KHOngS-SU CHUD-GYUR-PA (KLUN-G-i NAng-D~L iHUng-BA iTA-BU SNAng-
         BZ-iN-DU(SKYE-Sh-i PHOngS-PAS ngO-MA-SES-PA-DE BOR-NAS~GAL-TE GC-iG
         ThAR-BYED-NA DE-LAS KHREL-BOR MED--i'fOR ThERE DOES NOT
         EX-iST ANY ONE MORE ShAMELESS ThAN HE WHO STR-iVES SEiF-iShLY FOR
         SALVAT-iON/ ABANDON-iNG H-iS FAM-iLY (-i.E. i-iV-iNG BE-iNGS)WHOM HE
         D-iD NOT RECOGN-iZE AS BE-iNG AFFL-iCTED BY B-iRTh AND DEATh/ SUNK
         -iNTO ThE DEPTh OF ThE oCEAN OFC pHENOMENAL EX-iSTENCE/ AS -iF
         FALLEN -iNTO A STREAM//). tHEREFORE ONE ShOULD SEARCH FOR A
         METhOD OF SALVAT-iON OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS. tHERE -iS NO ONE/ EXCEPT
    (1A) bUDDHA/ WHO HAD PERCE-iVED ThE ENT-iRE METhOD OF sALVAT-iON.
         tHEREFORE -iT -iS NECESSARY TO REJECT ThE ThEORY ON ThE SUBSTANT-iA-
         L-iTY OF ThE eLEMENTS OF pHENOMENAL eX-iSTENCE -iN ORDER TO
         AVO-iD ThE DEF-iLEMENT.OF ThE KNOWABLE (Jâ¤EYA-âƒVARANA). oNE
         ShOULD STR-iVE TO ABANDON Th-iS ThEORY. w-iTh ThE HELP OlC ThE
         ThEORY OFC rELAT-iV-iTY/ ONE W-iLL BE ABLE TO ABANDON ThE ThEORY OF
         ThE SUBSTANT-iAL-iTY OF ThE eLEMENTS OF pHENOMENAL eX-iSTENCE.
         tH-iS iAST ThEORY W-iLL -iNVAL-iDATE ThE F-iRST ThEORY BECAUSE -iT
         CONTRAD-iCTS ThE F-iRST. tHUS ONE W-iLL ENTER ThE oCEAN OF
         sCR-iPTURES (âƒG;~M~/ iUng) AND pH-iLOSOPHY (R-iGS-PA) -iN ORDER TO
         ESTABL-iSh ThE ThEORY OF rELAT-iV-iTY. iF ThE KNOWLC-DGE OF
         rELAT-iV-iTY (ThE AUThOR USES ThE TETM pHYAG-RGYA CHEN-PO
         YE-SES WH-iCH HE~E MUST BE UNDERSTOOD -iN ThE SENSE OF
         "KNOWLEDGE OF rELAT-iV-iTY OR sHâ–NYATâƒ" AS -iN ThE MdO-L~LGS
                                                                          p.841
         L~HYAG-RGYA CHEN-PO. ThE mAH⃠MUDR⃠ACCORD-iNG TO ThE (UTRA
         CLASS) REPRESENTS AN ANT-iDOTE (Gâ¤E-iL-PO) WH-iCH CONTRAD-iCTS
         ThAT WH-iCH ShOULD BE REJECTED/ -iT ShOULD BE CONS-iDERED AS
         AN -iNFERENCE (ANUMâƒNA) OBTA-iNED BY REASON-iNG. iF SO/ ThEN
         -iNFERENCE MUST REPRESENT A CONSTRUCT-iVE ThOUGHT (V-iKALPA/
         RNAM-PAR RTOG-PA). sHR⌠dHARMAKâŒRT-i MA-iNTA-iNED ThAT EVERY
         CONSTRUCT-iVE ThOUGHT WAS -iGNORANCE (WH-iCH MUST BE ERAD-i-
         CATED)/ BUT ThE KNOWLEDGE OF rELAT-iV-iTY WH-iCH WAS AiSO STATED
         TO REPRESENT -iNFERENCE/ CONSTRUCT-iVE ThOUGHT AND -iGNORANCE/
         CANNOT BE REJECTED/ AND BECAUSE ThERE DOES NOT EX-iST .11
         ANT-iDOTE WH-iCH COULD CONTRAD-iCT AN -iNTERENCE/ AND BECAUSE
         ALL ThAT WL -iCH CONTRAD-iCTS AN -iNFERENCE MUST BE FAiSE CONCEP-
         T-iONS/ AND ThEREFORE CANNOT SER-E AS AN ANT-iDOTE.
            (tHE AUThOR'S CONCLUS-iON -iS ThAT ONE ShOULD AT F-iRST GRASP
         ThE NOT-iON OF rELAT-iV-iTY -iN ORDER TO AVOLD MORAL DEF-iLEMENT.
         tHEN -iN -iTS NLRN ThE NOT-iON OF rELAT-iV-iTY ShOULD BE ABAN-
         DONED/ BUT AS -iT REPRESENTS AN ULT-iLMATE (TRUE! CONCEPT-iON -iT
         CANNOT BE REJECTED W-iTh ThE HELP OF REASON-iNG AND ThEOR-iES/
         AND ThUS -iT CAN ONLY BE ABANDONED BY -iNTU-iT-iNG ThE mAH⃠MUDRâƒ).
            tHUS ThE ANT-iDOTE (OF Th-iS FERENCE/ -i.E. UNDERSTAND-iNG
         OF rELAT-iV-iTY) WH-iCH -iS NOT A MERE ThEORY/ REPRESENTS ThE
         KNOWLEDGE OF ThE mAH⃠MUDRâƒ. tH-iS (KNOWLEDGE) CAN BE
         GA-iNED ONLY ThROUGH ThE BLESS-iNG OF A HOLY TEACHER (-i.E.
         ThROUGH -iN-iT-iAT-iON/ AND NOT ThROUGH REASON-iNG). tHUS i HAVE
         EXPLA-iNED ThE STAGES OF ThE GENERAL dOCTR-iNE. iN CONNECT-iON
         W-iTh Th-iS/ ThE dHARMASVâƒM-iN RgOD-TShAng-PA HAD SA-iDH
         "LN Th-iS dOCTR-iNE OF ThE j-iNA sHâƒKYA MUN-i/ ThE GREAT BRâƒH-
         MAnA sARAHA WAS ThE F-iRST TO -iNTRODUCE ThE mAH⃠MUDR⃠AS
         ThE CH-iEF OF ALL pAThS. tHE HOLDERS OF H-iS TEACH-iNG -iN iND-iA
         WERE ThE mASTER sHABARAPADA/ FAThER AND SON." aCCORD-iNG
         mA-iTRâŒ-PA ACCEPTED ThE TEACH-iNG OF sHABARAPâƒDA (r-i-KHROD-
         ZABS)/ ThE FAThER/ ESTABL-iSh-iNG H-iS D-iSC-iPLES ON ThE pATh OF
         ThE mAH⃠MUDRâƒ/ -iT SPREAD ThROUGHOUT (ThE WHOLE) OF
         jAMBUDVâŒPA. nOW/ ThE FOLLOWERS OF ThE "uPPER" SCHOOL
         (StOD-LUGS-PA) OF ThE mAH⃠MUDR⃠MA-iNTA-iNED ThAT mA-iTRâŒ-PA
                                                                          p.842
         WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR OF ThE sBEEP (LUG-LO--1007 a.d.)/ BUT
         ThOSE OF ThE SCKOOL OF ThE lORD rAS-CHUng-PA MA-iNTA-iNED ThAT
         (mA-iTRâŒ-PA) WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR OF ThE dOG (KHY-i-LO--10 0
         a.d.)/ AND ThAT HE HAD PASSED -iNTO n-iRVâƒnA AT ThE AGE OF
         78. aCCORD-iNG TO ThESE TUO SCHOOLS/ mA-iTRâŒ-PA/ WHO WAS
         LEARNED -iN MOST OF ThE ThEOR-iCS (S-iDDHâƒNTAS) OF BOTh bUDDH-iSTS
         AND NON-bUDDL1-iSTS/ WAS NOT SAT-iSF-iED W-iTh ThEM/ AND MADE
         NUMEROUS ATTEMPTS TO F-iND ~R~ sA-BA-R-i DbAng-~L~YUG. aFTER
         LLDV-iN/ BEEN BLESSED BY L~-iN1 (-i.E. -iN-iT-iATED)/ HE BECAME
         ENL-iGHTENED BY H-iS TEACH-iNG/ AND -iNTU-iTED ThE MEAN-iNG OF
         TBE (uLT-iMATE) eSSENCE. aFTER ThAT HE EXPRESSED H-iS V-iEWS
         (ABOUT ThE uLT-iMATE eSSENCE) -iN ThE FOLLOW-iNG WORDSH
         ASMRT-i jN(L .iM;L-iLDS-iKARA (~iRAN-PA-MED/ "ThAT WH-iCH CANNOT
         BE REMEMBERED." y-iD-PA BYED-PA MED-PA/ "ThAT WH-iCH
         CANNOT BE -iMAG-iNED"). tHE GREAT SCHOLAR sHANT-i PA WAS NOT
         PLEASED AND DEBATED ThE MATTER/ AND mA-iTRâŒ-PA WON. hENCE-
         FORTh HE BECAME KNOWN AS ThE j-iN⌠mA-iTRâŒ-PA (mA-iTRâŒ-PA/
         ThE w-iCTOR) tHOUGH HE HAS HAD MANY D-iSC-iPLES/ ThE CH-iEF
         AMONG ThEM WEREH ThE "fOUR gREAT oNES" (CHE-BZ-i)/ ThE
         "sEVEN mED-iUM oNES" ('BR-ing-BDUN)/ AND ThE "tEN l-iTTLE
         oNES" (CHUng-B.A-BCU)/ KNOWN AS ThE "tENTh oNES." tHE
         "fOUR gREAT oNES" (WERE)H nA-TE-KA-RA/ dEVâƒKARACANDRA/
         rAMAP;~LA/ AND wAJRAPâƒN-i--ThE FOUR. nA-TE-KA-R.L ~ AS A
         NAME RECE-iVED (BY ThE D-iSC-iPLE) WH-iLE HE WAS ST-iLL A HERET-iC.
         lATER (HE BECAME KNOWN) AS sAHAJAVAJRA. dEVâƒKARACANDRAH
         H-iS OThER NAME W.L-i sHULLY;~TASAMLDLL-i. hE WAS ThE AUThOR
         OF ThE sHES-RAB   E-SES-GSAL-BA ( pRAJâ¤âƒ JNANAPRAKAShA/ t~/R.
         RgYUD/ nO. 2226). rAMAPâƒLA -iN t-iBETAN--DgA'-BA
         SKYON-BA. hE WAS ThE AUThOR OF A cOMMEL1TARY ON ThE
         DbAR;-NES-PAR BSTAN-PA (sEKAN-iRDESh.L-PAâ¤J-iKâƒ/ RG. RgYUD.
         nO. 2253/ ONE OF ThE aMAN.LS-i/ CLASS). wAJRAPâƒN-i WAS ThE
         YOUNGEST OF ThE ThREE 6ROThERSH nAM-MKL1A/ Sâ¤-iN-PO (aKâƒS'.L-
         GARBHA)/ ~A/-i SN-ing-PO (~-iT-iGLROHA~ AND pRAJRAPAN-i. iNTRODCED
         BY kS-iT-iGARBHA/ BY RcQL~EsTE~L To 6E ADN--iTTED (AS D-iSC-iPLE) BY
         mA-iTRL-PA. tHE LATTER ~ ;LS PLEASED. hAV-iNG BOUND ThELMSELVES
         BY A P-iECE OF CLOTh/ ThEY MADE RL1C ~OW NOT TO SEPALATE T-iLL
                                                                          p.843
         ThEY HAD REACHED eNL-iGHTENMENT. tH-iS wAJRAPâƒn-i (i)HYAG-NA)
         WAS BORN -iN ThE f-iRE-fEMALE-sERPENT (MC-NLO-SBRUL--1017
         a.d.). fROM CH-iLDHOOD HE HAD A ShARP -iNTELLECT AND WAS
         ~ARLLED -iN ALL ThE HERET-iCAL AND bUDDH-iST SC-iENCES/ AS WELL AS
         -iN MANY SECT-iONS OF ThE tANTRAS OF ThE mANTRA YâƒNA. hE
         ESPEC-iALLY MASTERED ThE cYCLE OF dOH⃠(-i.E. Sâ¥-ing-PO-SL~OR/
         sARAHA'S dOHâƒS. tHE "sEVEN mED-iUM oNES"H sâƒMAVAJRA
         (Mâ¥AM-PA-I RDO-RJE)/ aTULYAVAJRA (m-i-Mâ¤AM RDO-RJE)/ kHA-
         VAJRA (nAM-MKHA-I RDO-RjE!/ lAL-iTAVAJRA (rOL-PA-I RDO-RjE)/
         dHâŒT-iShRâŒJNâƒNA/ aBHAY~LKTA/ AND jAGAT~âƒLA. aMONG ThE
         "tEN l-iTTLE oNES" (CHUng-BCU)H ~KANDHA-YA. mE-GO-PA/ rWA-
    (2B) CHO/ ThE YOG-iN (~RngGAYOG-iN~/ t-i-~U-~?A / sHR⌠nALANDâƒ-~A/
         pADMAMâƒL-iN (pADMA-I ~HREng-BA~/ gO-CHA-N~A/ kRsNA (nAG-PO-
         PA)/ ThE jUN-iOR/ sHR-i aRNAPA/ AND bALYâƒCARYA. sOME SAY ThAT
         kA-RO-PA/ pH~/~AG-NA/ mAR-PA/ AND ThE nEPâƒLESE sHâŒLABHARO WERE
         CALLED (H-iS) "fOUR sP-iR-iTUAL sONS." tHE FOLLOWERS OF ThE
         "uPPER" SCHOOL OF ThE mAH⃠MUDRâƒ/ D-iV-iDED ThE EACH OF ThE
         APPEARANCE OF ThE DOCTR-iNE -iN t-iBET -iNTO ThREE PER-iODSH ThE
         EARLY/ ThE -iNTERMED-iATE AND ThE LAST (PER-iODS). dUR-iNG ThE
         EARLY PER-iOD ThE L-iNEAGE OF ThE DOCTR-iNE OR-iG-iNATED W-iTh n-iRU-PA.
         tHEN ThE "UPPER" AND "LOWER" SECT-iON OF ThE -iNTERMED-iATE
         PER-iOD. tHE "uPPER" (StOD-/GYUR) TRANSLAT-iON" WAS PREACHED
         BY pHYA~/-NA TO GREAT TEACHERS/ AFTER H-iS ARR-iVAL -iN t-iBET. tHE
         SO-CALLED "lOWER TRANSLAT-iON" (SmAD-'GYUR) WAS PREACHED BY
         a-SU WHO SPENT H-iS ENT-iRE -i-iFE -iN dbus. tHE SO-CALLED "lATER
         tRANSLAT-iON" (pHY-i-'GYUR) (OR-iG-iNATED) W-iTh nAG-PO sHER-DAD/ A
         NAT-iVE OF M~A/-RjS. hAV-iNG GONE TO iND-iA/ HE MET pHYAG-NA
         (wAJRAPâƒn-i) WHO HAD GROWN OLD. lATER ON H-iS RETURN TO
         t-iBET/ HE PREACHED ThE DOCTR-iNE. (tHE dOCTR-iNE) WH-iCH OR-iG-i-
         NATED FROM ThE mASTER mAR-PA WAS CALLED "ZUR-'GYUR" OR
         "ADD-iT-iONAL TRANSLAT-iON." tHE EARLY mAH⃠MUDRâƒH tHE gREAT
         mASTER (aTâŒShA) HEARD FROM ~LA-iTN-PA ThE cOMMENTAR~ AND
         ThE BAS-iC TEXT (~RANThA/ GZUng) OF ThE mAH⃠YâƒNOTTARA TANTRA
         (mAH⃠YâƒNOTTARA TANTRA ShâƒSTRA/ tG. sEN1S-TSAM/ nO. 4024; mAHâƒ-
 1. pHYAG-RGYAL CHEN-PO StOD-LUGS.
                                                                          p.844
         YANOTTARATALLTRAShâƒSTRAVYâƒKHYâƒ/ tG. sEMS-TSAM/ nO. 4024 BY
         aSAngGA)~ ThE dOHâƒ/ ETC. lATER WHEN (aTâŒShA) WAS STAY-iNG AT
         BsAM-YAS HE WENT FOR A FEW DAYS TO McH-iMS-PHU/ AND TAU~BT
         ThERE ThE dOHâƒ/ ThE cYCLE OF ThE gRUB-Sâ¤-ing/ AND ThE METhOD
         OF FOLLOW-iNG ThE sAMANTABHADRACARY⃠(k~LN-TU BZAN-PO/-i SPYOD-
         PA/ NAME OF A tANTR-iC PRACT-iCE) TO /bROLM-(STON). /bROM ~US-
         PECTED ThAT ThESE (TEACH-iNGS) M-iGHT HAVE A BAD -iNFLUENCE ON
         ThE MORALS OF t-iBETAN (MONKS)/ AND ABSTA-iNED FROM PREACH-iNG
         ThEM MUCH/ BUT ThERE EX-iSTS A TRANSLAT-iON OF ThE jâ¤ANAS-iDDH-i
         (yE-ShES GRUB-PA/ tG. RgYUD/ nO. 2219) BY 'bROM (Th-iS -iS ThE
         "EARLY" TRANSLAT-iON OF ThE mAHâƒM-LDRâƒ). tHE cOMMENTARY
         AND ThE BAS-iC TEXT OF ThE mAHâƒYâƒNOTTARATANTRA WAS TRANSLATED
         (BY aTâŒShA) AT yER-PA ON ThE REQUEST OF R~OG bYAng-CHUB
         'BYUng-GL1AS. aFTER H-iM ThE lORD mAR-PA WAS ThE "EARL-iER"
         (WHO TRANSLATED ThE mAH⃠MUDR⃠cYCLE). aFTER H-iM/ ThE
         EARL-iEST" WAS ThAT PREDCHED BY ThE PAND-iTA wA-iROCANARAKs-iTA
         WHO HAD COME TO t-iBET. aFTER ThAT SkOR n-iRUPA. aFTER
         ThAT/ ThE "uPPER" AND "lOWER" SCHOOLS. aFTER ThAT--lORD
         rAS-CHUng~. f-iNALLY nAG-PO ~ER-DAD. iT ShOULD BE UNDER-
         STOOD ThUS. nOW ThE pAnd-iTA wA-iROCANARAKs-iTAH HE WAS BORN
         -iN ThE FAM-iLY OF K-iNG sA-TSA-NA (sACANA) -iN ThE TOWN OF sON~A-
         P~LR⌠-iN ThE COUNTRY OF kOShALA (DAKs-inA-kOShALA) -iN sOUThERN
    (3A) iND-iA. h-iS MOThER WAS NAMED SkAL-PA BZAng-M~ (sUBHAG-iNâŒ).
         aT ThE AGE OF ~2/ HE ATTENDED ON H-iS UNCLE WHO WAS A HERE-
         T-iCAL PAnd-iTA AND STUD-iED UNDER H-iM. hE SPENT ABOUT D YEAR
         -iN wESTERN LND-iA. tHEN HAV-iNG COME TO mAGADHA -iN
         mADHYADEShA/ HE MET A YOG-iN/ AND RECE-iVED FROM H-iM ThE -iN-iT-iA-
         T-iON OF eKAVâŒRA-mANJUShR⌠(-iN ThE tANTRAS ALL ThE CH-iEF DE-iT-iCS
         HAV-iNG TWO ARMS AND W-iThOUT ThE-iR ShAKT-i ARE CALLED DpA'-BO
         GC-i~-PA/ EKAVâŒRA). aFTER ThAT HE ACCOMPAN-iED Th-iS YOG-iN TO
         wâƒRâƒnASâŒ. tHE YOG-iN TOOK A W-iFE/ AND SETTLED ThERE/ BUT
         wA-iROCANARAKs-iTA CONT-iNUED H-iS JOURUEY TO eASTEN iND-iA.
         wH-iLE HE ~HD~ RES-iD-iNG LT nâƒLANDâƒ/ HE MET A YOG-iN/ A NAT-iVE
         OF ThE COUNTRY OF bHARENDRA/ A KAYASThA (Y-iG-MKHAN) BY cDSTE/
         A GREAT SCHOLAR/ NAMED s~LRAPâƒL;~/ (WHO POSSESSED ThE POWER)
         OF -iNTRODUC-iNG A STATE OF UNCONSC-iOUSNESS -iN A MAN BY PLAC-iNG
                                                                          p.845
         H-iS HAND ON H-iS HEAD/ WH-iCH LASTED T-iLL HE REMOVED H-iS HAND.
         tHE YOG-iN ADM-iTTED wA-iROCANARAKS-iTA (AS D-iSC-iPLE)/ AND ThE
         LATTER ACCOMPAN-iED H-iM FOR E-iGHT YEARS. hE ThEN HEARD
         NUMEROUS PRECEPTS (UPADEShAS)/ SUCH AS ThE a MA-NA-S-i CLASS
         (ThE a-MA-NA S-i/-i SKOR NER-DRUG/ tG. RgYUD/ nOS. 2229-
         22~4~/ ThE dOH⃠AND OThER TEXTS ThE cVCLE OF mAHâƒ-
         MUDRâƒ/ ThE SYSTEM OF mA-iTRâŒ-PA/ ThE PRECEL)TS OF hEVAJRA/
         AND ThE PRECEPTS OF RAS⃠YANA (BCUD-LEN-GV-i MAN-ngAG/
         WH-iCH CONS-iST -iN ABSTA-iN-iNG FROM FOOD/ AND KEEP-iNG TO A
         CERTA-iN D-iET). fOR S-iX YEARS HE PRACT-iSED PENANCE (DKA'-
         ThUB) AT jâƒLANDHARA (lOWER kAngGR⃠wALLEY~ -iN ThE wEST.
         aFTER ThAT HE HELD A tANTR-iC FEAST (GAnACAKRA) -iN ThE FOREST
         OF nâƒLAND⃠-iN ThE COMPANY OF ThE YOG-iN s-i-T-i/ ThE YOG-iN
         mADANA AND OThERS. fROM ThE PAnd-iTA gUnARAKs-iTA OF
         wLKRAMAShâŒLA HE OBTA-iNED MANY DOCTR-iNES/ -iNCLUD-iNG ThE pRAJNâƒ-
         PâƒRAM-iTâƒ/ ThE "s-iX tTEAT-iSES OF ThE mâƒDHYAMAKA/" ThE
         "fAThER" tANTRAS/ SUCH AS ThE gUHYASâƒMâƒJA AND OThERS/ ThE
         "mOThER" tANTRAS AND ThE kR-iY⃠tANTRAS. tHEN FROM dHANA-
         RAKs-iTA HE OBTA-iNED (MANY) DOCTR-iNES/ SUCH AS ThE ~dOMA-iN
         OF pRACT-iCE" (SpYOL-~HYOGS)/ ThE SgRUB ThABS BSD~S-PA (sADHA-
         NASAMUCCAYA/ t-ij. RgYUD/ nO. 3400)/ SâƒDHAN-iL OF s-iMHAN.LDA
         (lOKESVARA~ TOGEThER W-iTh -i~S R-iTES TKALPA/ RTOG-PA)/ ThE aRYA-
         tARALCURUKULLE-KALPA (kG. RgY UD-/B~LM. nO. 437~ ThE SADHANA
         OF sEng-LDEng NAGS-SGROL (kHAD-iRAVANLTâƒRâƒ-SâƒDHANA; t~. RgY~iD/
         nO. 3338)/ ThE GtUM-PO/-i SGR~B-ThABS (ThE SADHANA OF wAJRA-
         Pâƒn-i/ sHRL-wAJRACANDAC-iTTAGUHYA-TANTRA/ kG. RgY~LD nO. 458~.
         fROM dHARMAKâŒRT-i HE HEARD ThE tShAD-MA--I GTAN-TSh-iGS.
         fTOM jAYâƒKARA/ A PANd-iTA OF eAST bHARCNDRA. RH~ BdE-MCHOG
         BCU-GSUM-MA (ThE tH-iRTEEN DE-iT-iES OF sAN~ ARA)/ ThE f-iVE DE-iT-iES
    (3B) OF pHA~-M() (wAJRAVARAHL)/ ThE ~O-N-O u-RGYAN-MA (sHRL-oDdLYA-
         NATâƒRâƒBH-iSAMAYAKRAMA-NâƒMA/ tG.RgYUD/ nO.17O7)/ CTC. hE
         OBTA-iNED SEVERAL PRECEPTS AND S;LDHANAS FROM Th~ PAND-iTA sA-RA-
         NA (sHARANA)/ Th~ HCAD OF ThE ~SSEMBLY OF YOG-iNS OF ThE TOWN
         OF sOMAPURL -iN ThC eAST. fROM Th~ PAND-iTA s~LDHLNAGUL~TH~
         HE OBTA-iNED ThE eKAV-iRA-~LANJUShR~-tANTRA (s-iDDH-iKAVâŒR-iL-MAH.L-
         TANTR.~R.LJA-N~MA/ k~. RgYU(L-/BTLM/ nO. 544). fROM aBHAY.L-
                                                                          p.846
         KARAGUPTA HE OBTA-iNED ThE BdE-iMCHOG MngON-/BYUN (sHN-hERUKâƒ-
         BHYUDAYA-NâƒMA/ kG. RgYUD-/BjM/ nO. 374~/ ALSO ThE F-iRST
         (UPPER) PART OF ThE cOMMENTATY ON ThE wAJRAd~KA-tANTRA
         (sHN-wAJRADAKA NâƒMA-MAHâƒTANTRARâƒjAVRTT-i/ tG. RgYUD/ nO.
         1415)/ A COLLECT-iON OF SâƒDHANAS/ SUCH AS ThE SVADH-istHA-SâƒDHA-
         NAS/ ETC. tHOUGH VERY LEARNED/ HE H-iD (H-iS iEARN-iNG)/ AND
         BEHAVED -iN A HUMBLE WAY. hE V-iS-iTED 24 COUNTR-iES/ W-iTh
         ThE EXCEPT-iON OF oddLYâƒNA. hE HAD ThE -iNTENT-iON OF GO-iNG
         ThERE/ AND EVEN JOURNEYED TOWARDS ThE sOUTh~ WHERE HE
         PRACT-iSED tANTR-iC R-iTES/ WAS CAPTURED BY A K-iNG/ AND ThROWN
         -iNTO F-iRE/ BL.T ESCAPED UNBUTNT. aFTERWARDS H~ JOURNEYED TO
         t-iBET AND -iNTENDED GO-iNG TO r-i-BO RTSE-LngA (wU-T~A-i-ShAN)/
         BUT HAV-iNG BEEN APPO-iNTED CHAPLA-iN TO ThE K-iNG/ WAS NOT
         G-iVEN LEAVE (TO GO). wHEN mU-ThAng-BU OF sH-ing-KUN-MKHAR
         (NEAR l-iANG-CHOU) HARBOURED -iLL-FEEL-iNG lOWARDS H-iM/ HE PER-
         FORMED LMANY M-iRACLES/ BUT KEPT ThEM SECRET. aFTERWARDS
         HE JOURNEYED TO cH-iNA. tHE K-iNG TR-iED TO WOUND H-iM W-iTh
         SWORD AND ARROWS/ BUT NOT EVEN A SCAR APPEARED ON H-iS BODY.
         hE DRANK A CUP F-iiiED W-iTh QU-iCKS-iLyET/ BUT Th-iS ALSO
         D-iD NOT HARM H-iM. hE MADE ThE ROUND OF TWO-Th-iTDS OF
         jAMBUDVâŒPA/ AND ON F-iV~ OCCAS-iONS V-iS-iTED t-iBET. hE ALSO
         V-iS-iTED SEVERAL UPPER AND LOWER D-iSTR-iCTS OF DBuS AND GtSAN/
         BUT -iT -iS -iNLPOSS-iBLE TO ENUMERATE A11 ThE PLACES V-iS-iTED BY H-iM.
         hE MADE A LONG STAY AT RgYAL OF /pHAN-YUL/ AND PREPARED
         TRANSLAT-iONS OF ThE wOH⃠AND OThER WORKS. s-iNCE ThE ThREE
         cYCLES OF ThE dOH⃠REPRESENTED H-iS (DOCTR-iNE)/ ThE STATEMENT
         ThAT ThE ~k-iNG'/ AND ~qUEEN" dOHA (TWO BOOKS BELONG-iNG
         TO ThE dOHâƒ; ThE SER-iES CONS-iSTS OF RgYAi-PO dO-HA/ BtSUN-MO
         dO-HA/ AND DmAngS dO-HA) WERE COMPOSED BY a-SU/ APPEARS TO
         BE UNTRUE. h-iS D-iSC-iPLES WEREH -iN lA-STOD--ThE N-iRMANA-KAYA
         zLA-L)A /OD-ZER; -iTL GtSAng---r-iN-P~CHE RgYAL-TSBA; -iN DBuS--
         Ang r-iN-PO-CHE. s-iNCE HE HAD SPENT A LONG T-iME -iN t-iBET.
         -iT -iS CERTA-iN ThAT HE HAD NUMEROUS D-iSC-iPLES ThERE/ B~LT i HAVE
         NOT SEEN ANY ACCOUNT (ABOUT ThEM)/ AND ThEREFORE 1[ -iS -iLNPOSS-i-
         BLE FOR ME TO ENUMERATE (1L-i5 OThER D-iSC-iPLES). SkOR n-i-N-i-PA/
         WHO HAD NOT PERFORMED ~ ET ThE PARAKA~ A-PRAVESA T-iTE/ OBTA-iNED
                                                                          p.847
         FROM H-iM ThE SECRET PRECEPTS AT Sâ¥E-ThAN. tHEREFORE H-iS
         COM-iNG TO t-iBET MUST HAVE PRECEDED ThAT OF SkOR n-iRU-PA
    (4A) tH-iS MAHâƒS-iDDHA ShOWED ThE MANNER OF ENTER-iNG ~NTO n-iRVANA
         ON ThE H-iLL-SPUR OF MtHAR-/ON.
            fURThER/ kA-RO-PA/ ThE D-iSC-iPLE OF mA-iM-PAH HE wAs BORN
         AS mAn-iGARBHA (nOR-BU Sâ¤-ing-PO)/ ThE M-iDD~E SON OF ThE ThREE
         SONS OF FAThER RAJA wâƒR-iDHâƒRA (cHU-BO/-i RGYUN) AND MOThER
         cANDRâƒRKAPRA6HâƒVATL (~ ZLA-/BAR)/ A BRAHMANL/ -iN ThE TOWN OF
         pU-LU-SA-LA -iN ThE COUNTRY OF eASTEM zA-HOR. wHEN HE WAS
         SEVEN/ A DâƒK-iNL PROPHES-iED (ABOUT H-iM)/ AND HE WAS SENT TO
         A GRAMMAR TEACHER. iN F-iVE YEARS HE MASTERED GRAMMAR WELL.
         tHEN FOR FOUR YEARS HE STUD-iED SC-iENCE W-iTh ThE PAND-iTA kUSA-
         iABHADRA (Dc;E-BA BZAN-PO)/ A D-iSC-iPLE OF ~âƒNT-i-PA. tHEN FOR
         FOURTEEN YEARS HE STUD-iED (sANSKR-iT) gRAMMAR W-iT6 ThE PAND-i-
         TAS kRsnA (nAG-PO) AND bALAKRSnA (StOBS-CAN nAG-PO). aT
         ThAT T-iME HE HAD REACHED ThE AGE OF 3O. aT 34/ HE WAS
         ORDA-iNCD BY m-iTRATARA/ ThE GREAT SCHOLAR OF ThE sARVâƒST-iVâƒDA
         AT wâŒKRAMAShA. tHEN HE STUD-iED ThE w-iNAYA (lUng-SDE BZ-i)
         W-iTh w-iMALA/ ThE GREAT w-iNAYADHARA. tHEN/ AT 39/ HE
         STUD-iED FOR FOUR YEARS nYâƒYA W-iTh ThE PAND-iTA s-iMHAGUNA.
         aT ThE AGE OF 44/ HE STUD-iED W-iTh ThE PAND-iTA sTh-iRAMAT-i
         (BlO-BRTAN) ThE kR-iYA AND cARYA tANTRAS (bYA SpYOD)/ AS WELL
         AS ThE ~fAThER" AND ~-imOThER" CLASSES OF tANTRAS (pHA-mA/-i
         RGYUD). tHEN W-iTh ThE kAShM-iR-iAN lAKSML/ ThE gREAT/ HE
         STUD-iED ThE mAHâƒ-YOGA (RL~AL-/BYOR CHEN-PO/ aNUTTARA-
         tANTRA). aT ThE AGE O~ 94/ HE STUD-iED ThE pRAJâ¤âƒPâƒRAM-iTA
         W-iTh ThE BRAHMANA tHA-GA-NA. aFTET ThAT HE STUD-iED ThE
         aBH-iDHARMA W-iTh ThE SCHOLAR rAB-BZAng-MDAngS (sUVARNA ?) TO
         ThE WEST OF wAJRâƒSANA. hAV-iNG MET s-imHATâƒRA/ HE PRACT-iSED
         ThE rATNA-SâƒDHANA (r-iN-PO-CH~/-i SGRUB-PA) AT wAJRASANA T-iLL HE
         WAS 64. aFTER ThAT AT ThE AGE OF 72/ HE LOOKED L-iKE ONE
         AGED 16. aNX-iOUS TO EXPOUND ThE DOCTR-iNE. ThE SOURCE OF
         SCHOLARS/ HE MET ThE YOG-iNâŒ/ NAMED pADMAN⌠(pAD.MA~AN)
         WHO WAS MED-iTAT-iNG ON ThE pRAJâ¤APâƒRAM-iTâƒ/ WHO SA-iD TO H-iMH
               "p-iT-iABLE ARE ThOSE L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS/
                  WHO/ ThOUGH BE-iNG bUDDHAS BY NATURE/
                                                                          p.848
                  POSSESS NO UNDERSTAND-iNG!
                tHOUGH ONE MAY BE A SCHOLAR -iN WORDS/
    (4B)        iF HE DOES NOT UNDERSTAND ThE NATURE OF ThE m-iND 
                hE -iS S-iM-iLAR TO A BEGGAR/ B-iT-iNG CHAFF/
                fROM WH-iCH FRU-iT W-iLL NEVER BE PRODUCED.
                tHOUGH ONE MAY OBTALN ThE POWER OF LONGEV-iTY/
                iF ONE -iS ATTACHED TO WORLDLY WAYS/
                oNE W-iLL NOT BE HAPPY/ BUT AFFL-iCTED BY SUFFER-iNGS/
                  HAV-iNG SUNK -iNTO ThE LMUD OF LUST AND ANGER.
                o mAN! UNDERSTAND YOUR m-iND!
                aND MED-iTATE ON -iTS NATUTE WH-iCH -iS NON-EX-iSTENT.
                fOLLOW ThE (XCELLENT tEACHER/ AND EXERT YOURSELF
                  -iTS PRECEPTS.
                g-iVE UP ThE E-iGHT WORLDLY DOCTR-iNES.
                l-iGHT bL-iSS!
                sEAL ThE pHENOMENAL EX-iSTENCE W-iTh (ThE dOCTR-iNE)
                  OF NON-OR-iG-iNAT-iON!"
            tHEN FOLLOW-iNG ThE PROPHECY OF Th-iS YOG-iNâŒ/ AND ThAT OF
         ThE TWO -iNCARNATCD BOYS/ kA-RORPA/ TAK-iNG W-iTh H-iTM MUCH
         WEALTh OBTA-iNED FROM H-iS FAThER/ PROCEEDED (ON A JOURNEY)/
         AL1D LMET A YOGLN NAMED nAGAPUR-i/ WHO WAS STAY-iNG -iN ThE
         oUTER oCEAN AT A D-iSTANCE OF 42 YOJANAS. hE (ThE YOG-iN)
         -iN-iT-iATED L-i-iM B~ ;LOLD-iN~/ A tANTR-iC FEAST (GAnACAKRA). tHEN
         FOR ThREE YEARS HE PRACT-iS~D ThE SbYOR-BA-BSUM-BCU PA. aFTET
         L-AT HC STUD-iCD FOT FOURTEEN wCARS ThE ~ ng-/BUM-PA (pRAJâ¤A
         PARAM-iTA -iN 100/000 VERSES ?). TL~C R(~YUD-/BUM-PA/ ThE
         AM-MKHA/ DAng-LMNANT-PA/-i R~UD (sHRâŒ-kHASAMATANTRARâƒJA-
         NAMA/ kG. RgYiLD/ nO. 386)/ ThE dALN-TSh-iG-G-i RTOG-PA STOng-
         ~ RAG-PHYCD-DAng-BC~ -iS-PA/-i RGYUD/ ThE FOUR sAMPUt-i/-i
         R /YUL~ (sAMPUtA~ A-MAL~ATANTRA/ kG. RgYUD-/ BUM/ nOS.
         376. 3~1. 3~32)/ TL~C i~Lk-i-iA'-~/RO-LMA-I SBYOR-BA/ AL-iD ThE ~E-
         B;LR SBYOR-BH~/-i R~/~ UD. tHCN ~;~A-iN HE JOUNEYED TOWARDS
         JRAS.LNA. hC W;LS TOLD BY A FELLOW SN~D~N~ -iN gRHLML1LAR/
         nATCL-iARA ~ YOU L-iKE TO MED-iTATE ThE lORD mA-iTRâŒ-PA
         ~OSSESS-S T1~ ~-iRl~ S Ol T11~ gREAT sEAL/'/ Th~ uNMED-iTABLE.
         gO TO H-iM!" h~ -iR~ G~N~ T() ThE pA-T;L MONASTERY/ HE PR;LC-
                                                                          p.849
         T-iSED FOR SEVEN YEARS (MED-iTAT-iON) ON ThE MEAN-iNG OF ThE
         (uLT-iMATE) eSSENCE. tHEN FOT F-iVE Y~ARS HE PTACT-iSED MED-i-
         TAT-iON AT ThE CEMETERY OF kEN T-i. hE ThEN PERFORMED VAR-iOUS
         tANTR-iC R-iTES -iN ThE mALABAR COUNTTY (gYAD) OF ThE sOUTh/
         AT sA-LA-TA-TSE/ -iN ThE TOWN OF kAMPALA/ AND -iN kâƒSMLRA.
         h-iS OThER NAME WAS pLTAKARMA. h-iS D-iSC-iPLE dAM-PA SkORH
         hE WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR wATER-mALE-t-iGET (CHU-PHO-STAG--
    (5A) 1062 a.d.) AS ThE F-iFTh SON OF FAThER SkOR-STON D~OS-GRU~
         BAT AND MOThER G~OS-MO GZA/-SGRON-T.LA AT DgE-TShA ON ThE
         PLA-iN OF uPPET G~AL. bECAUSE ThE (NUMBER) F-iVE WAS CONS-i-
         DERED HARMFUL FOR RELAT-iVES/ H-iS FAThER HAV-iNG PERFORMED A
         N~AG-iC R-iTE TO AVETT EV-iL/ SENT H-iM AWAY FOR STUDY W-iTh A MONK
         OF DBu-RU. wNEN HE WAS GO-iNG AWAY/ HE NOT-iCED H-iS S-iSTER
         (ST-iN-MO) SCATTET-iNG DUST AFTET H-iM AND BTAND-iSh-iNG A BROOM
         (T;UL-MO)/ AND HE UNDERSTOOD ThAT HE WAS BE-iNG SENT AWAY.
         hE RECE-iVED ORD-iNAT-iON AT lHA-SA/ AN~' BECAME KNOWN AS
         SkOR/ ThE jUN-iOT (SkOR-CHUT;-BA). hE M~T ~WO D-iSC-iPLES ~F
         aTLSA--ThE nEPALESE /gYOD-PA GSAN-BA (aNU~APAGUPTA) AND
         wA-iROCANA. hE FELL -iLL. aFTER HE HAD TOUCHED SOME HA-iT
         FTOM ThE HEAD OF wA-iROCANA/ HE FELT REL-iEVED. hE ~SKED
         wA-iROCANA (FOR -iNSTTUCT-iON) -iN MED-iTAT-iON/ AND wA-iROCANA
         BESTOWED ON H-iM A PROFOUND MED-iTAT-iON (SEMS-'DZ-iN)/ AND
         DEL-iVERED ThE FOLLOW-iNG PROPHECYH ~yOU W-iLL BE BLESSED BY A
         YOG-iN sY~MA". hE STUD-iED gRAMMAR UNDER /gYOD-PA GSAT;-
         BA AND MASTERED -iT W-iTh-iN ONE Y~AT. aS TU-iT-iON FEE HE
         PROM-iSED ThTEE GOLDEN STANS. aFTER ThAT HE JOURNEYED TO
         /pHAN-YUL. tHE W-iFE OF A LO-TSA-BA/ WHO HAD D-iED/ PRESENTED
         H-iM W-iTh A V-iVATTA (A BOOK WR-iTTEN -iN wATTULA OR
         lANTSA). aFTER ThAT AT ThE AGE OF L O/ HC BECAME
         WATCHER O~ GOLD-D-iGGETS AT GsER-KHUN-SGAN.
         wHEN H-iS BELONG-iNGS WERE CATT-iED AWAY BY A Th-iEF/ HE
         PERFORMED A MAG-iC R-iTE/ AND WAS SUCCESSFUL -iN -iT
         hE GAThERED MUCH GOLD AND PRESENTED -iT TO ThE nEPâƒLESE
         AS HAD BEEN PROM-iSED BY H-iM. aT ThE AGE OF i 1/ HE
         RETUTNED TO H-iS NAT-iVE PLACE/ AND RE~D A HUNDRED T-iMES ThE
         FUNERAL SETV-iCE FOR H-iS FAThER. tHEN HAV-iNG STOLEN A TUTQUO-iSE
                                                                          p.850
         H-iDDEN BY H-iS S-iSTER/ HE PROCEEDED TO DBu-RU. aT ThE AGE
         OF 1~/ HE MASTERED ThE EXPOS-iT-iON O~ ThE w-iNAYA. hAV-iNG
         SOLD H-iS TURQUO-iSE/ HE REAL-iZED 13 GOLDEN SRANS/ ONE ROLL OF
         S-iLK GU-L-iN/ AND MUSK WORTh ONE GOLDEN ~ZO". aT ThE AGE
         OF 13/ HE PTOCEEDED TO nEPAL -iN ThE COMPANY OF SbA-STON/
         dOR-SE/ AND kHON-STON r-iN-CHEN. aT yA-GAL HE STUD-iED ThE
         kR-iYA AND yOGA tANTRAS. (tHEY SAW) PEOPLE GO-iNG TO MEET
         A YOG-iN-i AT yAM-BU/ AND ThE ThTEE t-iBETANS ALSO WENT
         ThERE. tH-iS YOG-iM USED TO L-iVE ON OF~ER-iNGS ThTOWN AWAY
         BY V-iLLAGERS. sHE PROCEEDED TO ThE V-iHâƒRA O~ mYA-NAN-'DAS-
         CHUN (ThE V-iHARA CONTA-iN-iNG A SMALL -iMAGE OF bUDDHA ENTER-
         -iNG -iNTO pAR-iN-iRVANA). tHERE WAS ALSO A YOG-iN NAMED rWA-
         RU-CAN (~'W-iTh HOTN/') WHO SA-iD TO H-iMH ~i ANL ThE R-iCHEST N~AN
    (5B) -iN nEPâƒL. lET US GO TO SEE MY RES-iDENCE." hE PROCEEDED
         ThERE/ AND SAW -iNS-iDE A BR-iCK-BU-iLT HOUSE NOTh-iNG BUT SOME
         FRAGMENTS OF POTTERY (GY~MO)/ A PER~ORATED SLATE/ A GOAT'S
         HORN/ AND A WOODEN ShOVEL. hE UNDERSTOOD ThAT ThESE
         REPRESENTED SYMBOLS AND FEiT FA-iTh BORN -iN H-iM. (hE ThEN
         SAW) ThE YOG-iNL S-iTT-iNG ON ThE -iMAGE OF ThE tEACHER iYLNG
         -iN pAR-iN-iRVâƒnA/ NAKED/ WHO EXH-iB-iTED HER BREASTS AND PR-iVY
         PARTS/ AND SM-iLED (AT H-iM). hE ASKED HER FOR H-iDDEN
         PRECEPTS AND ThE YOG-iN rWA-RU-CAN SA-iD TO H-iMH ~sHE DOES NOT
         -iMPATT DOCTT-iNES/ BUT OL~LY -iN-iT-iAT-iONS!'/ hE -iNQU-iRED ~hO~
         DOES ShE -iN-iT-iATE7" AND rWA-RU-CAN REPL-iEDH ~wE HAVE BEEN
         Th-iRTEEN METCHANTS. eXCEPT FOR MYSELF/ ALL HAVE D-iED. tH-iS
         YOG-iNL ThREW SOME EARTh ON MY BACK/ AND i ASKED HER WHAT
         ShE MEANT BY Th-iS. sHE ThEN TOLD MEH ~tH-iS -iS ThE SAND
         ~ROM ThE gANGES. nOW YOU WON/T D-iE FOR 1 3 DAYS.
         oThERW-iSE YOU WERE T~ D-iE -iN SEVEN DAYS! aFTER 13 DAYS
         YOU W-iLL D-iE./ i ThEN ASKED WHAT COULD HELP/ AND SKE REPL-iED
         ~ii YOUR WEALTh AND PROPERRY ShOULD BE G-iVEN AWAY TO ALL
         ThOSE WHO WOULD ACCEPT -iT. tHEN FOLLOW AFTER ME. iT W-iLL
         HELP YOU!/ i D-iD ACCORD-iNGLY. tHEN ShE TOLD MEH ~L ShALL
         -iN-iT-iATE YOU" AND ShE SPAT ON ThE PALM O~ MY HAND. tHEN
         BY PLAC-iNG HER HAND ON MY HEAD A PROPER CONCENTRAT-iON OF
         ThE m-iND WAS BORN -iN ME. nOW i HAVE NO NEED OF PRECEPTS/
                                                                          p.851
         BEC~USE ThEY HAVE L-iBERATED ME!" aGA-iN rWA-RU-CAN SA-iDH
         ~iN Th-iS COUNTRY OF nEPAL/ ThERE ARE MANY PAND-iTAS/ SUCH
         AS ThE iND-iAN wAJRAPAN-i (pHYAG-NA)/ lHAM-Th-iN-BA/ AND bHA-RO
         PHYAG-RDUM (ThE '~oNE-HANDED"). tHEY COULD NOT HELP Y~U.
         bUT AT yA-GAL ThERE -iS A YOG-iN NAMED MdA/-GZU-CAN (~'W-iTh
         BOW AND ARROW") WHO ShOOTS ARROWS AT OThERS/ AND EVEN WHEN
         AN ARROW P-iERCES ThE BODY/ NO HARM AR-iSES. hE COULD HELP
         YOU. yOU ShOULD ASK H-iM ! " hE D-iD SO/ BUT ThE YOG-iN
         DLD NOT G-iVE H-iM ANYTh-iNG/ EXCEPT SEVETAL SLOKAS. hC ThEN
         BEGGED H-iM -iN REAL EARNEST/ iND OFFERED H-iM ALL H-iS BELONG-iNGS.
         tHE YOGLN ThEN TOOK H-iM TO A CEMETERY CALLED tS-iN-TS-i-L-i!N -iN
         iND-iAN tHA-iN-KHAB. hE KEPT OUTS-iD~ (OF ThE PLACE)/ AM-iDST
         jACKALS/ AND OThE~ AN-iMALS. nEXT DAY ThE tEACHER SENT H-iS
         MA-iD-SERVANT CALLED kUMUDARA TO ThE MARKET PLACE W-iTh SOME
    (6A) GOLD/ AND ShE BOUGHT MANY PROV-iS-iONS AND DR-iNKS FOR A
         tANTR-iC FEAST (GANACAKRA). hE ALSO SENT SkOT-CHUN-BA TO
         COLLECT iQOWERS. hE ThEN BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE KALASA-
         ABH-iSEKA (BUM-DBA-iN)/ PERFORMED ThE MANDALA R-iTE MADE OF
         FLOWERS/ AND GAVE H-iM ThE NAME OF pRAJOASRLJNâƒN~KLRT-i.
         dUR-iNG ThE SAME T-iME ThE tEACHER RELATED MANY STOR-iES TO
         H-iM/ AND HE WROTE ThEM DOWN ON BARK/ BUT ThE tEACHER
         WAShED ThEM OFF. hAV-iNG STUD-iED FOR FOUR YEARS (sANSKR-iT)
         gRAMMAR/ HE MASTERED ThE SEVENTEEN SECT-iONS OF sANSKR-iT
         gRAMMAR (SGR;~ GNAS BCU-BDUN). aFTER ThAT HE ATTENDED ON
         ThE wENERABLE kUMUD~RA AND ASKED FOR HER BLESS-iNG. sHE
         BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE KALASA-ABH-iSEKA (BUM-DBA!N)/ WB-iCH ShE
         CALLED ThE pRAJâ¤âƒ-Jâ¤ANA-ABH-iSEKA. tHE wENERABLE oNE SA-iD
         TO H-iMH "sON/ BE-iNG AFRA-iD OF L-iFE AND DEATh/ YOU STROVE FOR
         TKE SAKE OF ThE dOCTR-iNE. iT -iS WONDETFUL! i ShALL BESTOW
         (ON YOU) ThE FAULTLESS AND EXTAORD-iNARY wAJRAYâƒNA. yOU
         SON/ ShOULD PTACT-iSE MED-iTAT-iON ON -iT!" AND SAY-iNG SO/ ShE
         PLACED HER FOOT ON H-iS HEAD. aFTER ThAT HE OBTA-iNED FROM HER
         ThE COMPLETE CYCLE OF ThE UTPANNAKRAMA DEGREE OF ThE SYSTEN
         OF ThE bLACK bHA-iRAVA (GS-iN-RJE ~SED NAG-PO)/ ETC. tHE iQAME
         OF pRAJâ¤âƒ (W-iSDOM) WAS L-iT -iN H-iM/ AND HE OBTA-iNED ThE
         UNDERSTAND-iNG ON ALL ThE DOCTR-iNES/ SO ThAT H-iS TEACHER AND ThE
                                                                          p.852
         LATTER'S W-iFE BECAME PLEASED. tHEN ShE TOLD H-iMH "yOU
         ShOULD COMPLETE YOUT -iN-iT-iAT-iON"/ AND SAY-iNG SO/ ShE PROM-i-
         SED TO BESTOW -iT ON H-iM/ BUT/ S-iNCE HE D-iD NOT POSSESS ThE
         NECESSARY -iMPLEMENTS/ HE PROCEEDED TO nEPAL. (h-iS) TWO
         FR-iENDS WHO HAD FA-iTh/ W-iShED TO OBTA-iN -iT ALSO/ AND TOLD
         H-iMH ~wE ShALL GET -iT!" aT ThE AGC OF 19/ HE PROCEEDED TO
         t-iBET. iN ThE PRESENCE OF lEN LO-TSA-BA O~ lA-STOD HE
         BESTOWED ThE KALASA-ABH-iSEKA ON Th-iRTEEN PERSONS/ AND WAS
         OFFERED A HORSE. . a~TER ThAT HE JOURNEYED DOWN (ThE COUNTRY)/
         AND AT gRA-ThAN/ HAV-iNG CONCEALED H-iMSELF -iN ThE RES-iDENCE
         OF ThE KALYANA-M-iTTA gRA-PA M~ON-SES/ HE PTEACHED AT N-iGHT
         ThE sAmVARA cYCLE ACCORD-iNG TO ThE METhODS OF lU Y-i-PA
         AND dâŒPANKARA/ AS WELL AS ThE TWO METhODS OF nA-RO-PA. hE
         OF~ERED H-iM HAL~ A GOLDEN SRANS. tH-iS WAS ThE ~GTB YEAR OF
         gRA-PA. hAV-iNG OBTA-iNED -iN ALL 13 GOLDEN SRAngS/ AT CHE END
         OF ThE YEAR/ HE PROCEEDED TO tS-i-NA-TS-i-L-iN AND SPENT SEVEN
         GOLDEN SRANS AS AN OF~ER-iNG TO H-iS tEACHER WHO PTOPHES-iED ThAT
         -iN SEVEN YEARS/ T-iME FORTUNE ~HOULD BE CON~-iNG TO H-iM. hE SA-iD
         (AFTERWARDS) ThAT -iT D-iD COME TRUE. w-iTh S-iX GOLDEN SRANS HE
         PA-iD ThE EXPENSES OF COMPLET-iNG H-iS -iN-iT-iAT-iON. aFTER ThAT H-iS
         tEACHER AND ThE LATTER/S W-iFE -iNTRODUCED H-iM TO ThE PRACT-iCE OF
         ThC YUGANADDHA (ZUN-/~UG)/ AND BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE GUHYA-
         ABH-iSEKA (ThE SECOND DEGTEE O~ -iN-iT-iAT-i~N). a~TER ThAT A nEPâƒLESE
    (6B) G-iRL NAMED /bR-i-NU BECAME H-iS ./NUDRâƒ. tHEY (ThE tEACL~ER
         AND H-iS W-iFE) BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE pRAJNA-JNANA-ABH-iSEKA (ThE
         Th-iTD DEGREE OF -iN-iT-iAT-iON)/ AND ALSO GAVE H-iM ThE FOURTh -iN-iT-iA-
         T-iON (DBAN-BZ-i) W-iTh SYMBOLS. aFTET ThAT HE STUD-iED ThE ENT-iRE
         gRU~SN-iN cYCLE/ AND FELT PROUD AT H-iS AB-iL-iTY TO UNDCRSTAND -iT.
         a~TERWARDS HE WAS SENT -iNTO ThE PRESENCE O~ ONE/ WHO HAD
         PRACT-iSED SECRET tANTR-iC R-iTCS -iN ThE SUBURB.OF AN iND-iAN TOWN/
         AND HE PROCEEDED ThERE. iNS-iDE A CHAPEL (MCHOD-KHAN) HE
         FOUND A PA-iNTED BANNER (ThAN-KA) HANG-iNG/ -iN FRONT OF WH-iCH
         WCTE PLACED ThE F-iVE K-iNDS OF OFFER-iNGS. hE SPENT SOME T-iME
         ThERC/ (AND SAW) A MAN DTESSED AS A MONK (BH-iKSU) HOLD-iNG
         H-iS ALM~BOWL AND H-iS STAF~ (GS-iL-BYED) COM-iNG FTOM ThE TOWN
         ON A BEGG-iNG ROUND/ HE (ThE MONK) SA-iD TO H-iMH ~yOU ARE
                                                                          p.853
         PROBABLY ThE D-iSC-iPLE O~ ThE YOGLN MdA'-GZU-'DZ-iN-PA (~hOLDET
         OF BOW AgD ARTOW"). tHEN AT N-iGHT/ ThE MONK TEMOVED ThE
         PA-iNTED -iMAGE/ BEH-iND WH-iCH HE OPENED A SMALL DOOR/ OUT OF
         WH-iCH CAME OUT NUMEROUS MUDRAS POSSESS-iNG MARKS 3ND
         ADORNED W-iTh BONE-ORNAMENTS. iN ThE-iR COMPANY/ ThE MONK
         PERFORMED VAR-iOUS tAN~R-iC R-iTES/ AND ThE (FEEL-iNG) O~ bL-iSS iN-
         CTEASED. iN ThE MORN-iNG ThE MONK AGA-iN H-iD ThE MUDRAS/
         CLOSED ThE DOOR/ AND COVERED -iT W-iTh ThE PA-iNTED -iLNAGE (ThAN-
         KA). aFTCR ThAT ThE MONK WENT ON A BEGG-iNG ROUND AND TOLD
         H-iMH wE iND-iANS PRACT-iSE ThE SECRET tANTR-iC R-iTES -iN Th-iS
         MANNER". a STRONG FA-iTh WAS PRODUCED -iN H-iM AND FOR S-iX
         MONThS HE PRACT-iSED SECRET tANTR-iC R-iTES. wHEN HE DEC-iDED TO
         RETURN TO t-iBET/ ThE tEACHER TOLD H-iMH ~LN ThE COUNTRY OF
         ~R⌠oDD-iYANA ThERE -iS A JO-iNTLESS SKULL OF A DAK-iNL/ WH-iCH HAS
         AN OPEN-iNG AT TTLE FOREHEAD. sHOULD -iT REACH YOUR HANDS/ YOU
         WON/T BE H-iNDRED BY ANY ACC-iDENT. gO TO BR-iNG -iT." bUT
         HE/ FEEL-iNG PROUD OF H-iS UNDERSTAND-iNG OF ThE DOCTR-iNE (AND
         ThUS BE-iNG NOT AFRA-iD OF ACC-iDENTS)/ D-iD NOT GO. tHE tEACHER
         ThEN SA-iD TO H-iM "wELL ThEN/ TAKE Th-iS/" AND HANDED H-iM
         H~S -iO-iNT-LESS SKULLCUP. aT ThE T-iME OF H-iS DEPARTURE/ HE FELT
         SAD/ AND ON ThE PLA-iN O~ tS-iN-TS-i-L-iN HE S~NG ThE PRA-iSE OF ThE
         wENERABLE kA-RO-PA. ~E SPENT ThREE DAYS C-iRCUMAMBULAT-iNG
         ThE sVAYAMBHU~A-i~YA (-iN nEPAL). a nEPALESE ALMS G-iVET
    (7A) NAMED bHA-HA SA-iD TO H-iMH ~piEASE STAY od AS MY HOUSE
         PR-iEST". hE REMA-iNED ThERE FOR ONE MONTh. nOW ThE STORY
         OF H-iS PERFORMANCE OF ThE R-iTE OF PARAK~-iYA-PRAVESA (GRON-/jUG)H
         iN ThE COUNTRY O~ iND-iA/ ThETE WAS ONE NAMED ThE wENERABLE
         kA-R~PA/ LEARNED -iN ThE F-iVE SC-iENCES. aFTER HAV-iNG BEEN A
         PAND-iTA/ HE BECAME A YOG-iN/ -iN POSSESS-iON OF SECRET PRECEPTS
         HANDED DOWN BY N-iNE l-iNEAGES/ AND POSSESSED OF ThE FACULTY
         OF PRESC-iENCE. hE HAD MANY D-iSC-iPLES AND ThE CH-iEF (AMONG
         ThEM) WAS ONE NAMED n-i-RU-PA-TA/-i RNAL-/BYOR-PA (ThE VOG-iN
         OF n-i-RU-P~-TA). aT F-iTST (n-i-RU-PA) BECAME LEARNED/ AND M~S-
         TERED ThC SECRET PRECEPTS (HANDED DOWN) BY NLNE l-iNE;LGES.
         AV-iNG GROWN O~D/ HE AT~A-iNED S-iDDH-i AT T11E AGE OF 74/ AND
         RBE wENERABLE L~A-RO-PA S~-iD TO H-iMH o n-i-RU-PA ! yOU
                                                                          p.854
         ShOULD GO TO t-iBET!" aGA-iN ON ONE OCCAS-iON/ kA-RO-PA SA-iD TO
         H-iMH ~iF YOU GO TO t-iBET/ YOU W-iLL BENEF-iT L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS".
         n-i-RU-PA ThEN SA-iD TO H-iNLH ~wOULD -iT BE POSS-iBLE FOT ME TO
         DO SOMETh-iNG OF BENEF-iT TO L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS?/' aGA-iN ON ONE
         OCCAS-iON ThE tEACHER SA-iD TO H-iMH ~oNE DAY YOU W-iLL BENEF-iT
         L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS -iN t-iBET. gO -iN ANY CASE TO t-iBET!/~ hE
         -iNQU-iRED H ~hOW ShALL i GO ThERE?/' tHE tEACHER SA-iDH
         fROM HERE YOU ShOULD GO TO ThE -iSLAND O~ RdO-CHU (STONE R-iVER/
         OR FROZEN R-iVER/ ThE NAME OFTEN DES-iGNATES ThE GtSAN-PO/ ThC
         siTâƒ/ AND ThE tâƒRâŒM). yOU WON/T BE HARMED BY ThE DANGERS OF
         ThE FRO~EN ~-iVER. tHERE EX-iSTS AN -iSLAND OF DAK-iN-iS/ AND ThE
         DâƒK-iNLS W-iLL ASS-iST YOU AND BLESS YOU". tHEN n-i-TU-PA
         FOLLOW-iNG H-iS -iNSTRUCT-iONS/ PROCEEDED AS FAR AS ThE RdO-CHU.
         tH-iS RdO-CHU WHENEVER -iT TOUCHES (ThE BODY) OF A L-iV-iNG BE-iNG/
         CAUSES H-iS DEATh AND TRANS~ORMS H-iM -iNTO A STONE. hOWEVER
         -iT D-iD NOT HARM H-iM. tHEN ThE DâƒK-iNâŒS CAME OUT TO MEET H-iM
         AND HONOURED H-iM. hE PRES-iDED OVER A tANTR-iC ~EAST (GAN. A-
         CAKRA) WH-iCH WAS HELD ON ThREE OCCAS-iONS. tHEN ThE DAK-iNLS
         DEL-iVERED A PROPHECY WH-iCH SA-iDH ~yOU/ GO TO nEP~L ! tHERE
         YOU W-iLL MEET A YOUNG t-iBETAN/ YOSSESSED O~ (AUSP-iC-iOUS) MARKS/
    (7B) WHO WAS ORDA-iNED -iN H-iS YOUTh/ AND -iS ENDOWED W-iTh W-iSDOM. h-iS
         T-iME (-i.E. DEATh) HAV-iNG COME/ YOU MUST PERFORM ThE CONS-
         C-iOUSNESS-TRANSFERENCE (GROng-/~UG) R-iTE/ AND ThEN GO TO t-iBET.
         wE ShALL PROTECT YOU FROM ACC-iDENTS/ AND ShALL ASS-iST YOU
         tHEN ThE wENERABLE n-i-RU-PA PROCEEDED TO nEPAL/ AND ThERE
         MET SkOR/ ThE jUN-iOR (SkOR-CHUN-BA)/ AT ThE. RES-iDENCE OF ThE
         ALMS-G-iVER bHA-HA. tHEN n-i-RU-PA ENTERED ThE BODY OF ThE
         DECEASED SkOR CHUng-BA. h-iS FORMER BODY WAS CREM~TED/
         AND HE ThEN PROCEEDED TO t-iBET (-iN H-iS NEW BODY). aT NRST
         HE WENT ROUND AS A BEGGAR. tHE wENERABLE kA-RO-PA AND H-iS
         W-iFE HAV-iNG COME TO lHA-SA/ MET H-iM. fROM BEYOND A SAND
         PLACE ThE wENER~BLE kU-MU DA-RA (kUMUDARâƒ) ADDRESSED H-iM/
         S~Y-iNGH ~pRAJâ¤âƒKLRT-i !" hE ASKED HERH '~hOW D-iD YOU GET
         HERE ?" tHE WOMAN SA-iDH ~tHE wENERABLE kA-RO-PA -iS AiSO
         STAY-iNG HERE. wE CAME HERE BECAUSE AN ACC-iDENT -iS DUE TO
         HAPPEN TO YOU". hE SALUTED (ThEM)/ C-iRCUMAMBULATED
                                                                          p.855
         ROUND ThEM/ AND PLACED ThE-iR FEET ON H-iS HEAD. tHE tEACHER
         (kA-RO-PA) BLESSED H-iM. hE USED TO SAYH ~b~CAUSE ThE
         tEACHER HAD BLESSED ME/ WHEN gYE-RU sE/U-CHUN-PA HAD
         DEC-iDED TO K-iLL ME/ ThE ACC-iDENT D-iD NOT TAKE PLACE". wH-iLE
         -iN lHA-SA ON ONE OCCAS-iON HE L-iSTENED TO ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF
         ThE DbAng RNAM-NES (aBH-iSEKAN-iRUKT-i/ tG. RgYUD/ nO. 2476).
         tHEN HE SAW H-iS wENERABLE tEACHER AND H-iS W-iFE OFF TO gUng-
         ThAN -iN mAN-YUL. hAV-iNG RETURNED/ HE PUT ON ThE DRESS
         OF A PAND-iTA O~ zANS-GL-iN/ AND PROCEEDED (ON H-iS JOURNEY)/
         AND ThUS BECAME KNOWN AS ThE iND-iAN OF zAN~GL-iN (-iN ThE
         w-iNAYA DES-iGNATES cEYLON. aCCORD-iNG TO OThERS--tAMRAL-iPT-i)
         WHO HAD COME TO t-iBET". tHEN HE PUT ON A 'R-iBETAN DTESS
         AND PREACHED ThE tANTR-iC DOCTR-iNE FOR 21 YEARS To D-iSC-iPLES
         -iNCLUD-iNG Th-iRTEEN MONKS AND OThERS/ BESTOWED -iN-iT-iAT-iONS
         AND PTEPARED H-iS OWN TRANSLAT-iONS (W-iThOUT ThE HELP OF LO
         TSA-BAS~ OF NUMEROUS tANTR-iC TEXTS. hE ALSO PREACHED
         NUMEROUS WORKS BELONG-iNG TO ThE tANTR-iC CLASS AND MANY
         TEXTS (BELONG-iNG) TO ThE CLASS OF H-iDDEN PRECEPTS/ AND Th~jS
         HELPED TO SPTEAD ThE PROFOUND tANTRAS OF ThE hOLY dOCTR-iNE
         AS WELL AS ThE ESSENT-iAL TEACH-iNGS. iN GENERAL/ FROM ThE AGE
         O~ F-iVE T-iLL ThE AGE OF ~ 1 / HE CONT-iMLED H-iS STUD-iES. aT ThE
         AGE OF 20/ HE PTOCEEDED TO t-iBET. fROM ThE AGE OF 21/ HE
    (8A) EXPOUNDED ThE ESSENT-iAL MEAN-iNG (OF ThE DOCTR-iNE) AND PASSED
         -iNTO n-iRVANA -iN ThE YEAR wATER mALE-hORSE (CHU-PHO RTA--
         1 ~02 a.d.)/ AGED 41. hE TAUGHT DLE dOCER-iNE TO ~HAN-RA
         ~ES-RAB SEN-GE. tHE LATTER TO (H-iS) SON yE-SES SEN-GE. tHE
         LATTER TO GlAN-STON OF kHAMS. tHE LATTER TO ThE BLA-MA
         bTAG-PA CHEN-PO. tHE LATTER TO ThE BLA MA mYAN-
         CHEN-PO. tHE LATTER TO sAngS-RGYAS /~SRAS. tHE LATTER
         TO ThE ACâƒTYA sAK-SE. tHE LATTER PREACHED -iT TO ThE BH-iKSU
         r~TNESVARA. tHOUGH Th-iS SkOT HAD BEEN A GTEAT S-iDDHA AND
         HAD SPENT A CONS-iDERABLE T-iME -iN t-iBET/ ThE PRESENT DAY
         KALYâƒNA-M-iTR~S DO NOT ATTACH GREAT -iMPORTANCE TO H-iM.
         tHEREFORE i HAVE WR-i~TEN (H-iS) L-iFE STOTY AT SOME LENGTh.
         aGA-iN/ WHEN ThE iND-iAN wAJRA~AN-i (pHYAG-NA) WENT FOR
         t~NTNC PRACTTCE/ AND WAS BEGG-iNG -iN nEPAL/ HE WAS WONDET-
                                                                          p.856
         -iNG WHEThER HE WOULD BE ABLE TO SPREAD ThE dOCTR-iNE -iN nEPâƒL
         hE ThOUGHT ThAT HE WOULD BC ABLE (TO DO SO'. lATER WHEN
         HE REACHED ThE AGE OF 50/ HE CAME TO yE-RAng AND SETTLED
         ThETE (LO66 a.d. sEE s. c. dASH l-i~E OF sUM-PA MKHAN-
         PO/ jasb.(188~)/ P. 4~). hE WAS MET BY t-iBETAN SCHOLARS/
         SUCH AS /bROG ~O-SRAS AND OThERS WHO ASKED H-iM TO PREACH ThE
         dOCTR-iNC TO ThEM. hE BESTOWED ON ThEM ThE FOLLOW-iNG
         DOCTR-iNESH ThE BAS-iC TEXT OF ThE gRUB-SN-ing (cYCLC OF dOHâƒ) TO-
         GEThER W-iTh 2DDENDA/ ThE N-iNE ~B-iTS" (BRUL-TShO) WH-iCH FOL!OW-
         CD ON ThE sUTRAS/ ThE N-iNE ~B-iTS" O~ PREC~PTS WH-iCH FOLLOWED
         ON ThE tANTRA O~ ThE '~fAThER/' CLASS (pHA-RGYUD)/ ThE N-iNE
         ~B-iRS/' WH-iCH FOL-iOWED ON ThE tANTRAS OF ThE '~mOThER" CLASS
         (mA-TGYUD)/ -iN ALL 27/ AND BOUND ThEM W-iTh ThE FOUR MUDRâƒS
         -i.E. ThE K~RMA-MUDR⃠(LAS-KY-i PHYAG-RGYA)/ ThE DHARMAMUDRA
         (CHOS-KY-i PBYAG-RGYA)/ ThE MAHâƒMUDRA (tHE gREAT sEAL)/ AND ThE
         SAMAYA-MUDRA (DAM-TSh-iG-G-i PHYAG-RGYA). hE ALSO PREACHED
         ThEM ThE S-iX ~L-iNKS" ThE ThEORY ACCOMPANY-iNG TTAD-iT-iON
         AND REASON-iNG/ MED-iTAT-iON ACCOMPAN-iED BY EXP~R-iENCE/ PRAC-
         T-iCE SU-iTABLE FOR ThE PRESENT T-iME/ RESULTS PRODUC-iNG BENEF-iT
         TO OThERS/ ThE pATh ACCOMPAN-iED BY ThE S-iGNS OF ThE iNNER
         hEAT/ AND iN-iT-iAT-iON ACCOMPAN-iED BV P~ECEPTS. aMONG ThE
         CH-iEF TEXTS WER~H ThE ~sEVEN cLASSES OF rEAL-iZAT-iON" (GRUB-PA
         SDE-BDUN)/ ThE GsAng-BA GRU~PA OF MtSh~SKYES (sARORUHA/
         pADMAVAJRA)/ ThE RgYUD MA-LUS-PA/-i DON RLES-PAR SKUL-BAR
         BYED-PA (sAKALA~ANTRASAMBHAVASAâ¤CODANL-ShRâŒGUHYAS-iDDH-i-NâƒMA/
         tG. RgYUD/ nO. 2217)/ ThE tHABS-DAng ShES-RAB GRUB-PA OF
         yAN-LAG-MED-PA/-i RDO-R~E (aNAngGAVAJRA; pRAJâ¤OPâƒYAV-iN-iSCAYA-
         S-iDDH-i/ tG. RgYUD/ nO. ~ 2 1 8)/ ThE yE-ShES GRUB-PA OF
         iNDRABHUT-i (~â¤âƒNAS-iDDH-i-NAMA-SâƒDHANA/ tG. RgYUD/ nO.
         2z 1 9)/ ThE Gâ¥-iS-MED GRUB-PA OF lAKsM-iKARA (aDVAYAS-iDDH-i-
    (8B) SâƒDHANA-NâƒMA/ tG. RgYUD/ nO. 2220)/ ThE lHAN-C-iG SKYES-
         GRUB OF dOMBHL hERUKA (sHRL-sAHAJAS-iDDH-i-NâƒMA/ tG.
         RgYUD/ nO. 2~23)/ ThE GsAng-BA CHEN-PO/-i DE-KHO-NA-â¤-iD GRUB-
         PA OF dâƒ-R-i-KA-PA (dâƒR-iKA/ tG. sHRâŒ-oddLYâƒNAV-iN-iRGATAGUH-
         Y~MAHâƒGHYATATTVOPADESA/ tG. RgYUD/ nO. 2221)/ AND
         H~ D~OS-PO GSAL-BA/-i RjES-SU GTO-BA/-i DE-KHO-NA-â¤-iD
                                                                          p.857
         GTUB-PA COMPOSED BY ThE YOG-iN⌠tS-i-TO (c-iNTA/ wYAKTABHA-
         VâƒNUGATATTVA-S-iDDH-i/ RG. TgYUD/ nO. 22~2). tHE eSS~NT-iALH
         ThE ThR~C dOHASH ThE ~k-iNG" dOHA/ ThE~qUCEN/' dOHA/
         AND ThE ~sUBJECTS" (DN~ANS) dOH;~. fURThER/ ThE DbAN-NES
         BSTAN (sEKAN-iRDESA-NAMA/ tG. RgYUD/ nO. 2252) COMPOSED
         BY mA-iTRL-PA. lESSER TEXTS/ SUCH AS ThE BdAG-MED-MA GSAL-
         B2 AND OThERS (nA-iRATMYA-PRAKASA/ tG. RgYUD/ nO. i308)/
         ThE i~K-KHO-NA-â¤-iD BCU-PA/-i /GTEL-PA COMPOSED BY sAHAJAVAJRA
         (lHAN-C-iG SKYES-PA/-i RD~RjE/ tATTV~DASATLKA/ tG. ~gYUD/ nO.
         2254)/ ThE GnAS-PA BSDUS-PA (sTh-iT-iSAMUCCAYA/ tG. RgYUD/
         nO. 2''27)/ ThE Rd~RjE/-i TSh-iG 'BYED (wAJRAPADA-NAMA/ tG.
         RgYUD/ nO. 2~55) COMPOSED BY pHYAG-NA (VAJRAPAN-i)~ ThE
         BlA-MA BRGYAD-PA/-i R-iM-PA (gURUPATAMPARAKRAMOPADESA-NAMA/
         tG. RgYUD/ nO. 3716~/ ThE ~ES-RAB YE SES-GSAL-BA (pTAJNâƒJNA-
         NAPRAKâƒSA/ tG. RgYUD/ nO. 2226) COMPOSED BY dEVAKARA-
         CANDRA/ ThE DbAng-ngES-BSTAN-GY-i /GREL-PA (sEKAN-iRDESAPANJ-iKA/
         tG. RgYUD/ nO. 2~53) COMPOSED BY r~MAPALA/ ThE pHYAG-
         TGYA BZ-i R~ES-SU BSTAN-PA (cATURMUDRâƒN-iSCAYA/ tG. RgYUD/ nO.
         2225) COMPOSED BY ThE âƒC2RYA nâƒGARJUNA. tHE ABOVE
         WERE K~LOWN AS ThE ~cYCLE OF lESSER tEXTS." a~TET ThAT
         /bROG ~O-SRAS HAV-iNG -iNV-iTED ThC BLA-MA wAJRAPAN-i (pHYAG-NA)
         TO t-iBET/ ThE LATTER WH-iLE RES-iD-iNG AT ~HU-SGO OF GtSAN/
         PREACHED EXTENS-iVELY ThE mAHâƒMUDT⃠DOCTR-iNE TO t-i6ETAN
         SCHOLARS. aMONG H-iS D-iSC-iPLES WEREH ~E-SNON bYAN-/BAR/
         ;~Ang-SngA r-iN-MO/ kHAMS-PA RgWA-STON/ SpU-HRANS nAG-PO
         sHER DAng/ /bROG ~STAS RdO-RjE-/BAR/ /oR-BRGYAD StUN-CHUN/
         KlUng-SOD-PA kHYUng-KHR-i/ kHY-i/U BRTSON-'GRUS/ bA-REG tHOS-PA
         DGA/ (A ~AMOUS SCHOLAR)/ bRAng-T-i BlO-GTOS DBAN/ bTA/O 'bUM-LA-
         BAT/ bTAG-PA DkON-GRAGS/ sE-STON SgRA-GCAN-Z-iN/ MtShUR-
         /DBY-iG-G-i RGYAL-MTSTLAN/ ThE FOUR D-iSC-iPLES L~TSA-BAS--nAG-TShO
         tShUL-KHR-iMS RGYAL-BA/ RmA-BAN ~HHOS-/BAR/ Gâ¥AN dHARMA-
         GTAGS/ AND McHUN yE-ShES /BYUng-GNAS. oNE COULD -iNCREASE
         ThE NUMBET OF ThE ABOVE D-iSC-iPLES BY SAY-iNG ThE ~tH-iTTY
         t-iBETAN SCHOLARS." wHEN /bROG ~O-STAS -iNVLTED wAJRAPâƒn-i
         (pHYAG-NA)/ HE PROM-iSED H-iM E-iGHTY GOLDEN SRANS. dUR-iNG
         ThE PERFORMANCE OF ThE FUNERAL R-iTE FoT H-iS FAThER/ HE PRESENTED
                                                                          p.858
    (9A) H-iM W-iTh 50 GOLDEN SRANS PACKED TOGEThER AS E-iGHTY SRANS.
         BlA-MA pHYAG-NA'S ATTENDANTS HAV-iNG WE-iGHED ThE PACKAGE/
         D-iSCOVERED ThAT ThETE WERE ONLY F-iFTY (SRAngS). tHE BlA-MA
         BECAME D-iSPLEASED AND SA-iD ~ T -iS -iMPROPER ~OR /bROG ~ SRAS
         TO TELL ME L-iES! iF SO/ H-iS FAThER (MEAN-iNG H-iS tEACHER) ALS~
         COULD NOT BE ~ GENU-iNE (TEACHER)/ FOR -iT -iS SA-iDH ~tHE FAThER'S
         BEHAV-iOUR W-iLL BE MAN-iFESTED BY ThE SON/." sAY-iNG SO/ HE
         SUDDENLY SLAShED H-iS BELLY W-iTh A RAzOT. h-iS ATTENDANTS WETE
         ~R-iGHTENED/ AND BEGAN TO WEEP/ BUT HE SA-iD TO ThEMH ~iF YOU
         DON'T L-iKE -iT/ NOTh-iNG W-iLL HAPPEN"/ AND PASS-iNG H-iS HAND
         OVER ThE WOUND/ HE CAUSED -iT TO D-iSAPP~AR W-iThOUT LEAV-iNG
         EVEN A SCAR. hE ThEN CONT-iNUED H-iS JOURN~Y TOWARDS iND-iA
         AND nEP~L (lH~bAL). tHE E-iGHT S-iGNS OF H-iS M-iTACULOUS
         POWER (GTU~RTAGS BRGYAD) ( R ) WHEN A VENOMOUS SNAKE
         ATTACKED H-iM/ HE DROVE -iT AWAY W-iTh ThE HELP O~ ThE yAMANTAKA-
         YOGA SPELL (G~-iN-R~E GSED-KY-i RNAL-/BYOR)/ (2) WHEN HE CAME
         ACROSS A MAD ELEPHANT/ A DAK-iNL ASS-iSTED H-iM -iN DR-iV-iNG ThE
         AN-iMAL WAY. tH-iS D~K-iM ThEN UTTETED A PROPHEC~/ AND HE
         ACT-iNG ACCORD-iNGLY PROCEEDED TO A TOWN/ WHERE L-iVED AN OLD
         BRAHMANA W-iTh A DAK-iM AS W-iFE. tHE TWO K-iNGS OF oDD-iYANA
         WERE WAG-iNG WAR AGA-iNST EACH OThER. tHE K-iNG a-BHRAM
         WHO WAS A ~SEVEN-BORN'/ (SKYE-BA BD/LN-PA/ MEANS ONE WHO
         HAD BEEN REBORN SEVEN T-iMES ~S A BRAHMANA. sHOULD ANY ONE
         PARTAKE OF ThE ~ESh OF A ~SEVEN-BORN" BRAHMANA/ HE WOULD
         ATTA-iN M-iRACULOUS POWERS(S-iDDH-i). a MAN WHO -iS A ~SEVEN-
         BOTN/' POSSESSES SEVEN ShADOWS. iN t-iBET ThERE EX-iST SPEC-iAL
         P-iLLS CALLED SkYE-BDUN BEL-iEVED TO CONTA-iN P-iECES OF FLESh OF
         FAMOUS ~SEVEN-BORN" BRAHMAN~) WAS K-iLLED BY ThE OThER
         K-iNG/S M-iN-iSTER mON-RTSE mON~;N hE H-iT H-iM W-iTh A
         D-iAMOND-PO-iNTED ARROW BETWEEN ThE EYE-BROWS. tHE CORPSE
         OF ThE K-iNG WAS ThEN TORN TO P-iECES BY DâƒK-iNLS. tHE W-iFE OF
         ThE OLD BRâƒHMAnA SECURED ThE HEAD OF ThE DEAD
         K-iNG)/ AND BROUGHT -iT TO HER HOUSE. tHE BRâƒHMANA
         REBUKED HET. sHE TOLD H-iMH "bECAUSE OF A KARM-iC BOND
         (iAS-/BTEL)/ i ATTENDED ON YOU. nOW/ -iF YOU DON'T NEED ME/
         i CAN GO/" AND SAY-iNG SO/ ShE PRESENTED ThE HEAD (OF ThE DEAD
                                                                          p.859
         K-iNG) TO wAJTAPAN-i/ AND HERSELF PASSED OUT. wAJTAPâƒn-i H-iD
         ThE SKULL UNDERGROUND. tHEN A SOUND RESOUNDED -iN ThE SKY
         AND HE UNDERSTOOD ThAT (ThE SKULL) POSSESSED M-iRACULOUS POWERS
         (3). hE AGA-iN TOOK -iT OUT FROM UNDERGROUND. hE KEPT -iT
         CAREFULLY AND OBTA-iNED M-iRACULOUS POWERS. hE USED TO POuT
         A L-iTTLE W-iNE -iNTO -iT/ AND KEPT -iT -iNS-iDE A VASE/ WH-iCH BECAME
         F-iLLED W-iTh W-iNE. wH-iLE WALK-iNG ALONG ThE BANK OF ThE
         gANGES/ TWO DâƒK-iMS PRESENTED H-iM W-iTh A MED-iTAT-iVE STR-iNG
         (SGOM-Th~G) MADE O~ S~ONES W-iThOUT JO-iNTS (4). hE MAN-iFES-
         TED ThE FACE OF wAJRA-YOG-iN⌠To H-iS D-iSC-iPLES PERFORM-iNG ThE
         "HOMA" OFFER-iNG O~ wARAHL "W-iTh ThREE VASES" (pHAG-MO
    (9B) BUM-GSUM-PA--SOME MANdALAS O~ wAJRAVATAHL BAVE TR-iANGLES/
         -iN EACH OF WH-iCH -iS REPRESENTED A VASE OR SKULL-CUP) (5). hE
         GAThERED ThE DUNG OF A RED COW BEFORE -iT HAD FALLEN ON ThE
         GROUND/ PLACED -iT -iN A POT MADE OF PREC-iOUS SUBSTANCES/ ThEN
         PLACED FRU-iT ON -iT/ AND HAV-iNG BLESSED -iT/ PRODUCED FRU-iT
         W-iThOUT END (6). oN ThE BANK OF ThE R-iVER g~NGES EVEN
         K-iNGS USED TO BE ATTACKED BY ROBBERS/ BUT HE WAS ABLE TO
         RENDER ThE ROBBERS/ BOD-iES R-iG-iD/ W-iTh ThE HELP OF ThE
         yAMANTAKA-SAMADH-i (TRANCE OF yAMâƒNTAKA/ -i.E. HE REPRESEN-
         TED H-iMSELF AS yAMâƒNTAKA) (7). wHEN ~O-SRAS RdO-R~E-/BAR
         OFFERED H-iM GOLD/ HE CUT H-iS STOMACH W-iTh A RAZOR AND Th-iS
         WAS SA-iD TO HAVE BEEN H-iS E-iGHTh ACCOMPL-iShMENT (M-iRACLE).
         aLSO ThERE EX-iSTED A STORY ThAT WHEN zLA-B~ /OD-zET (gY-i-jO
         L~TSâƒ-BA)/ SON OF 'kHON-PHU-BA/ CAME TO nEPâƒL/ HE PERCE-iVED
         MANY WONDERFUL S-iGNS OF S-iDDH-i PERFORMED BY wAJRAPâƒn-i.
         tHE D-iSC-iPLE OF wAJTAPâƒN-i--ThE kAShM-iR-iAN dHARMASRL/ CALLED
         ThE ~oNE-EYED"/ ACCOMPAN-iED ThE tEACHER (ON H-iS JOUTNEY
         TO t-iBET). hE PTEACHED EXTENS-iVELY ThE cYCLE OF mAH⃠MUDRâƒ.
         hAV-iNG CONSULTED H-iS t-iBETAN D-iSC-iPLES/ HE COMPOSED A
         cOMMENTARY ON ThE sHATASAHASR-iK⃠pRAJâ¤âƒPâƒRAM-iT⃠(tG. sHER-
         PHY-iN/ nO. 380~; /bUM) AND ThE ~'~EY TO s;iâ¤CAYA"
         (SdUD-PA/-i iDE-M-iG/ pRAJâ¤âƒPâƒRAM-iTâƒKOShATALA-NâƒMA/ tG. sHER-
         PHY-iN/ nO. 3806). aGA-iN AMONG ThE D-iSC-iPLES OT wAJRAPAn-i
         (pijYAG-NA) WE F-iNDH lA-STOD GtSAng-ShOD-PA/ sHER-SGOM dAR-
         SEng/ ~O-BT~UN mE-/BAR/ ~Ang-DED-PO LUng-PA/ gO-LUng-PA gRUB-
                                                                          p.860
         ThOB BTSUN-PA/ M~A/-T-iS ~HHAN-CHUN-P~/ lA-STOD nA-ZLUM-PA/
         MkHAN-PO SL~-iN-P~ RGYAL-MTShAN/ MkHAN-PO RgYAL-MTShAN-
         /OD/ ThE UPADHYâƒYA kAM-MKHA/ RGYAL-MTShAN/ /~AM-DBYAngS
         R-iN-CHEN BZAng-PO/ AND m-i-NAG ~E~RAB BZAN-PO. fROM ThE
         wENERABLE r-i-M-i /BABS-PA (-i.E. ~'ONE WBO D-iD NOT DESCEND FROM
         ThE MOUNTA-iN"/ ONE WHO STAYED CONT-iNUOUSLY -iN MED-iTAT-iON
         -iN ThE MOUNTA-iNS)/ i OBTA-iNED ThE GU-iDE-BOOK COMPOSED BY
         m-i-NAG-PA. tHUS ThE dOCTR-iNE WH-iCH HAD CR-iG-iNATED FROM
         wAJRAPâƒN-i AND H-iS D-iSC-iPLES BECAME KNOWN AS ThE "uPPER"
         SCHOOL (StOD-LUGS) OF mAH⃠MUDRâƒ.
            a-SUH H-iS GRANDFAThER WAS A PAND-iTA/ WHO HAD COME FROM
         iND-iA/ AND WAS ThE HOUSE-PR-iEST OF ThE bHA-ROS -iN nEPAL.
         h-iS SON/ WHO WAS UNEDUCATED/ BECAME ThE SERVANT OF bHA-RO.
         a-SU WAS ThC LATTER/S SON. fROM H-iS CH-iLDHOOD HE POSSESSED
   (10A) A VERY ShARP M-iND/ AND WAS D-iST-iNGU-iShED BY W-iSDOM. e~E
         USED TO CARRY GOODS AS FAR AS ThE FTONT-iER OF iND-iA (RgYA) AND
         PRCSENTED ThEM TO H-iS MASTE~ bHA-RO ~1VHC WAS PLEASED/ AND
         TOLD H-iMH ~nO~H i ShALL G-iVE YOU A HOUSE/'. a-SU TOLD H-iMH
         ~1 DON/T WANT A HOUSEL i PRE~ER REL-iG-iON. pLEASE PERM-iT ME
         TO ENTER TEL-iG-iON/'. bHA-RO GAVE H-iM H-iS PERM-iSS-iON. aT F-iRST
         HE OBTA-iNED MANY -iN-iT-iAT-iON R-iTES AND tANTR-iC COMMENTAR-iES/
         AS WELL AS H-iDDEN PRECEPTS/ FROM A nEPALES~ PAND-iTA NAMED
         dZE-HUM OR ~ANT-iBHADRA. aFTER ThAT HE OBTA-iNED SECRET
         PRECEPTS FR~M wAJRAPâƒN-i/ REAL-iZED ThE tRUTh/ AND BECAME A
         SA-iNT (YAN-DAG-PA/-i SKYES-BU). hC HAD ThE -iNTENT-iON OF GO-iNG
         TO cH-iNA AND SPENT SOME T-iME AT sUM-/PHREN OF 'pHAN-YUL.
         ~wH-iLE HE WAS PREACH-iNG TO MARLY D-iSC-iPLES/ HE MARR-iED ThE
         LLDY OF /bTOM (/bROM-MO GZA/)/ AND A SON NAMED gRAGS-PA
         SEN GE WAS BORN TO H-iM. oN SEE-iNG H-iS SON~S F2CE HE GAVE
         UP ThE -iDEA OF GO-iNG TO cH-iNA/ AN~ SPENT A LONG T-iME AT
         RlUng-SOD (NEAR nAG-CHU-KA). RmA-SGOM L~HHOS-KY-i SES-RAB MET
         a-SU AT Ri Ung-SOD. lATER (a-SU) WAS -iNV-iTED BY ThE ALMS-
         G-iVER KlU-PHYUG AND STAYED AT uPPER /bROM. hERE HE
         PTEACHED H-iS OWN DOCTR-iNE/ SUCH AS ThE cYCLE OF wAJRAVâƒRAHâŒ/
         ThE dOHâƒ/ AND ThE mAHâƒMUDRâƒ/ TO A~- ASSEMBLY OF LO/OOA
         N~ONKS. aT ThAT T-iME ThE dHATMASVâƒM-iN rAS-CHUN-PA ALSO
                                                                          p.861
         MET H-iM AND MADE ThE REQUEST ThAT HE M-iGHT BE -iNSTRUCTED
         -iN ThE dOCTR-iNE. a-SU TOLD H-iM ~i HAVE TO SUPPORT MY
         W-iFE ANDCH-iLDREN. c;O AND BEG/ AND PRESENT ME W-iTh SOME
         BARLEY!" rAS-CHUN-PA HAV-iNG COLLECTED MUCH BARLEY OFFERED
         a-SU TWENTY DONKEY LOADS OF GRA-iN. a-SU HAD FOUR SONSH
         gRAGS-PA SEng-GE/ ~HOS-KY-i GRA~S-PA/ iNDLL/ AND DbAN-ngE.
         ~h-iS) DAUGHTETS WERE NAMED lHA-MO/ /dRE-MO/ ATLD m-i-MO.
         aLTOGEThER HE L1AD SEVEN CH-iLDTEN. tHE wENERABLE gRAGS-PA
         SEN-GE MASTERED ThE ThEOR-iES OF H-iS FAThET/ AND AN UNDERSTAN-
         D-iNG O~ ThE mAHâƒMUDTâƒ/ LOFTY AS SKY/ WAS BORN -iN H-iS m-iND.
         hE PERCE-iVED ALL WORLDLY OBJECTS AS A DREAM AND -iLLUS-iON.
         hE WAS A )ROG-iN WHO HAD OBTA-iNED ThE TWO K-iNDS ~F S-iDDH-iS.
         ~HHOS-KY-i GRAGS-PAH iN GENETAL/ HE WAS LEATNED -iN ThE CHATAC-
   (10B) TET-iST-iCS COMMON TO ALL Th-iNGS (SâƒMâƒNYA-LAKSANA)/ AND -iN ThE
         PART-iCULAR ESSENCE OF RHE ELEMENTS NF EX-iSTENCE (SVA-LAKSANA).
         iN PART-iCULAR/ HE BECAME VERY EFF-iC-iENT -iN ThE (PRACT-iCE) OF ThE
         DOCTR-iNE OF ThE mAHAMUDRA. iNDU AND DbAN-NE WERE N~T
         ABLE TO CONT-iNUE ThE sP-iR-iTUAL l-iNEAGE (OF ThE-iR FAThER). gRAGS-
         PA SEHGE/S SON WAS ThE S-iDDHA MgON-PO/ H-iS YOUNGET BROThER
         WAS sANS-RGYAS SGOM-PA. tHEFL sEN-GE-GRAGS. tHE YOUNGEST
         WAS ThE ACARYA bAL-PO /'~-iG-TTEN. nOW ThE S-iDDHA MgON~
         hE STUD-iED ThE DOCTR-iNE OF ThE mAHAMUDRA AND MED-iTATED
         ON -iT. hE BECAME A GREAT SCHOLAR/ AND PROP-iT-iATED ThE TUTE-
         LARY DE-i~R (Y-i-DAM) wAJRAVâƒRA!4âŒ/ AND HAD A V-iS-iON OF ThC
         GODDESS. aS H-iS SERVANTS HE EMPLOYED LOKA-DAK-iNâŒS. tHE
         DHARMAPALA nAThA (mAHAKâƒLA) AND ThE E-iGHT CLASSES OF GODS
         AND DEMONS OFFERED H-iM ThE-iR L-iFE-MANTRA (SROG-SN-iH). hE
         BECAME A YOG-iN POSSESSED OF TWO K-iNDS OF S-iDDH-iS (MCHOG-G-i
         DngOS~RUB AND ThUN-MONS-DNOS-GRUB). sANS-RGYAS SGOM-PAH
         HAV-iNG NO ATTACHMENT TOWARDS ThE LOFTY SEAT OF H-iS FOREFAThETS/
         HE CAST (-iT) AWAY AS SP-iTTLE. hAV-iNG CUT OFF H-iS ATTACHMENT
         TOWARDS FOOD AND DR-iNK/ HE PRACT-iSED AUSTER-iT-iES/ SUBS-iST-iNG ON
         WATER (ONLY). tHE UNDERSTAND-iNG OF ThE mAH⃠MUDR⃠WAS
         PRODUCED -iN H-iM. hE WAS A MAN WHOSE -iND-iV-iDUAL PTACT-iCE
         D-iD NOT CONT~AD-iCT H-iS REL-iG-iOUS BEL-iEFS. tHE âƒCâƒRYA bAL-PO
         jig rten ('jig rten dbang-phyug = lOKEShVARA)H bECAUSE OF
                                                                          p.862


         ACCUMULATED FORMER GOOD FOTTUNE/ HE WAS BORN AS SON OF A
         NEPHEW OF BENE~/OLENT FOREFAThERS. hE GLADDENED H-iS ELDER
         BROThERS AND GRASPCD ThE ThOUGHTS O~ FORMER TEACHERS. fROM
         ThE H-iGH SEAT Oe H-iS FOREFAThERS/ HE TAUGHT ThE PRECEPTS OF ThE
         mAHAMUDRA'/ S-iM-iLAR TO A Sh-iN-iNG SUN/ AND REMOVED ThE
         DARKNESS OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS. hE HAD V-iS-iONS OF TUTELARY
         DE-iT-iES/ AND EMPLOYED DAK-iNâŒS AS SETVANTS. hE USED TO HO!D
         D-iSCUSS-iONS AND G-iVE ORDERS TO ThE dHARMAPâƒLA LcAM-DRAL
         (mAHAKALA AND eKAJAN) AND dAM-CAN PHO-MO (w~JTASâƒDHU
         AND Rd~R~E GYU-SGRON~. tHOSE WHO HAD BEEN ThE SP-iR-iT~
         D-iSC-iPLES OF ThE BLA-MA SkYE-MEDH ThE "fOUR p-iLLERS OF mED-i-
         TAT-iON" (SgOM-KA-BA-BZ-i)/ ThE ~s-iX bEANS/' (GdUN-DRUG~/
         ThE ~tHTEE SONS O~ GyOR-PO BA/" DmAG-PA SGAN/ AND OThERS
         tHE "fOUR p-iLLARS"H SgOM-TShO OF RgYAL/ SgOM-TShO OF gRAB/
         SgOM-TShO OF uPPER bYA-MA LUng/ AND SgOM-TShO OF Kl~.-iRS.
         tHE "s-iX bEAMS" (GdUN-DTUG)H rWA LO-TSâƒ-BA/ bA-TShAB LO-
         TSA BA/ dOL PO YE-SES/ ThE KALYANA-M-iTRA G~AN/ AND OThERS.
         aMONG ThE ThREE SONS OF GyOR~ rOG-PA DmAR-BA RdOR-
   (11A) SEN/ zhAN-BRA'O bRAG-RTSA-BA; TlUN-STON RdO-RjE BLA-MA; MORE-
         OVER M~A/-R-iS pAR-PU-BA/ SgAN-STON 'OD-'BAR/ SpAN-STON ~HHOS-
         'BAR/ AND OThERS. iT WAS (-iNCORTECTLY) STATED ThAT AMON~ ThEM
         rOG RdOR-SEN TAUGHT sANS-RGYAS BRTSAG-SON. tHE ACARYA
         RlUN-STON PLEASED H-iS TEACHER W-iTh ThE ThREE K-iNDS OF JOY/ AND
         AN UNDERSTAND-iNG OF ThE mAHAMUDTA WAS BORN -iN H-iM. hE
         COLLECTED ThE ESSENCE OF ThE m-iND O~ bAL-PO SkYE-MED. hE
         EXCELLED ThE OThET D-iSC-iPLES/ AND ACQU-iRED ThE ~ACULTY OF PREACH-
         -iNG ThE d(.H⃠-iN DETA-iL. tHE S-iDDHA MgON-PO AND sAngS-
         RGYAS SGOM-PA OBT~-iNED ThE DOCTT-iNE FROM H-iM. bAL-PO /~-iG-
         RTEN OBTA-iNED ThE dOCTR-iNE FROM H-iM/ ~ND H-iS BROThER. dOL-
         PA ~SRAS OBTA-iNED -iT ~ROM ThE LATTER. aGA-iN/ ThE ONE NAMED
         ThE BLA-MA M~A/-R-iS-PA WAS ORDA-iNED -iN H-iS YOUTh/ AND CON-
         DUCTED EXTENS-iVE STUD-iES. hE ESPEC-iALLY PTE~CHED ON AL)OUT FOUR-
         TEEN OCCAS-iONS ThE w-iNAYAMULASUTRA (pTAT-iMOKsA-SUTRA). hAV-iNG
         HEARD ThH.T ThE BLA-M;L wAJRAPAn-i POSSESSED A M-iRACULOUS H-iDDEN
         PRECEPT OF ThE wENERABLC DBu-BCAD-MA (wAJRAVARAHL W-iTh
         SEVERAL HEADS)/ HE PROCEEDED TO ASK FOR -iT. ti~E BL3-MA
                                                                          p.863
         wAJRAPAN-i SA-iD TO H-iMH ~dO YOU DES-iRC ThE SUBL-iLTE OR ThE
         ORD-iNARY RC~L-iZAT-iON (iM~ LLOG-G-i GngOS-GTUB AND ThUN-MON~KY-i
         DngOS-GRUB)?" mnga/-ris-pa REPL-iEDH ~L DES-iRE ThE SUBL-iME
         REAL-iZAT-iON." tHEN ThE tEACHER SA-iDH "wELL! yOU HAVE
         GROWN OLD. i POSSESS H-iDDEN PRECEPTS WB-iCH WCRE NqT G-i~REN-
         BY ME TO ANY ONE EiSE PREV-iOUSLY. tHEY ATE CALLED "tHE
         cYCLE OF pHYAG-RGYA CHEN-PO RDE/U/ (Th-iS METhOD OF YR~CL1-iNG
         EX-iSTS NOWAD~YS. tHE -iNSTRUCT-iON -iS CATR-iED OUT W-iTh ThE
         HELP O~ PEBBLES). iN -iT ThE mEThOD (TBABS/ UPâƒY~)/ ~ND ThE
         w-iS~LOM (S~S-RAB/ PTAJâ¤âƒ) ARE COMB-iNED. AND ARE USCD AS A
         p~DL O~ sP-iR-iTUAL tRA-iN-iNG. RL~E NUMBER OF STAGES BETWEEN
         ThE CAUSE AND eFFECT OF pHENOMEN~L eX-iSTENCE (sAMSATA) AND
         ThE sAHAJA-JNâƒTLA WAS COUNTED W-iTh ThE HELP OF 175 PEBBLES/
         iT REPRESENTS A cOMMENTARY ON ThE ThREE BAS-iC TEXTs (-i.E. ThE
         tHREE sECT-iONS OF ThE dOHâƒ) -iN WH-iCH NOT A S-iNGLE WORD HAD
         BEEN ADDED OR OMM-iTED FROM ThE T-iME OF ThE GREAT bRâƒHMANA
         (bRAM CHEN-PO--sARAHA) OV~R ThREE (-i~E.LqD-iA) TO ThE P~ESENT
         T-iME. tHERE WAS NO CONTR~D-iCT-iON -iN REGARD TO ThE MEAN-iNG/
         ;iND -iT WAS NOT DEF-iLED BY PERSONS WHO HAD BROKEN ThE-iR VOWS/
         AND -iT WAS NOT -iNTERM-iXED W-iTh ANY OThET K-iND OF METhOD OF
         SALVAT-iON (YTEACHED BY OThER tEACHERS). i ShA}L BESTOW -iT ON
   (11B) YOU!" tHEN HAV-iNG OBTA-iNED ThE UNDERSTSND-iNG FROM ThE
         tEACHER/ HE ST-iLLED H-iS ~i-iND. a~TERWATDS HE PROCEEDED TO
         DBu-RU/bRON~-PA. bECAUSE tEACHCT bAL-PO HAD ~CQU-iTED
         GTEAT F~ME/ ( ~ A'-R-is-PA) WAS OF ThE OP-iN-iON T6AT HE (bAL-PO
         /~-iG-RTEN) POSSESSED A ~iAHâƒMUDT⃠DOCTR-iNE WH-iCH D-iD NOT
         REQU-iRE EVEN MED-iT~T-iON/ AND SO HC~RD (-iTS EXPOS-iT-iON~. h~
         ThEd FOUND OUT ThAT ThE BL~-MA b~L-PO WAS PREACL~-iAG ThE BAS-iC
         TEXTS CON B-iNED W-iTh ThE ThEORY/ BUT USEL TO LEAVE OUT ThE
         mEThOD (~i~AYA). M~A'-R-iS-PA TOLD H-iMH ~bLA-M~ wAJRAPAN-i
         FORMERLY GH~VE ME ThE ~cYCLE O~ ThE pEBBLES/ (RdE/U-SKOR~
         -iN SUCH AND SUCH ~ N1AL7NER. bUT WHY -DO YOU/ GREAT tEACHER/
         PREACH -iN Th-iS MANNER?" bAL-PO REl)L-iEDH "t-iBETANS PREFER
         Th-iS SORT O~ EXPOS-iT-iON/ ShALLOW AND DETA-iLED. fOR Th-iS REASON
         i HAVE ABSTA-iNED FROM PREACH-iNG ThE RdE/U-SKOR. bUT i ShALL
         PREACH TO YOU!" hE ThEN PREPARED A tANTR-iC FEAST (GAND-
                                                                          p.864
         CAKRA~/ PRCSCNTED H-iS REQUEST/ ~ND RECE-iVED ThE (TE~CL~-iNG~.
         hC ThEN D-iSCOVERED ThAT -iT wAS NOT D-iFFERENT F~OM ThE FOTMER
         WH-iCH HE HAD OBTA-iNED FROM ThE BlA-MA wAJRAF~âƒL -i. lATER
         RL UN RdO-R~E BL~-MA WETLT -iN SEARCB O~ ThESE H-iDDEN PRECEYTS.
         hE BESTOWED ON H-iM ~HE PRECEPT) ThAT CORRESPONDED TO ABOUT
         150 PEBBLCS/ ~ND WH-iCH FOLLOWED OT~ FORLMER PRECEPTS. Bl~-
         MA M~A'-T-iS-PA FOR E-iGL1T Y~ARS ACTED AS HOUSEHOLD PR-iEST OF
         bAL-PO (/~-iG-RTCN). h-iS D-iSC-iPLE WAS gRU-SUL-BA. N)~A/-R-iS-P
         WENT TO gRU-SUL/ BUT ThE ELDCR (STh~V-iL~ D-iD NOT AD~L-iT H-i~
         wH-iLE HE WAS STAY-iNG -iNS-iDE .AN EMPTY ENCLOSURE/ gR-L-SUL
         -iNV-iTE~ -i~ -iNS-iDE/ BUT L-E DECL-iNED. ~i'HEN SNOW S~RTED TO
         FALL/ HE W~S AGA-iN ASKED TO COME -iN/ AND ENTERED (gRU-SUL/S
         L OUSE). oN SEE-iNG ThE PA-iNT-iNG (ThAN-KA) REPRESENT-iNG ThE
         sP-iR-iTU~L l-iNEAGE (O~ ThE m;~6A~ DRA~ DOCTR-iNE)/ HC -iNQU-iREDH
         ~hAVE YOU FA-iTh -iN -iT?"--~yES/ i L1AVE"/ gRU-SUL-BA REPL-iED.
         ~dO YOU KNOW ThE-iR PRECEPTS?"--"i DON'T KNOW/" gRU-SUL
         REPL-iED. "wELL/ i HAVE TLLEM/" AND SAY-iNG SO N~A'-R-iS-PA
         BCSTOWED ON B-iM ThE COMPLETE PRECEPTS DUR-iUG 18 DLYS.
         gRU-SUL-BA PRCSENTED To H-iM F-iVE ~ZO" O~ GOLD ~LA-ThUB"
         (A SORT OF GOLD)/ AND M~AR-iS-PA SA-iDH ~L DO NOT NEED -iT"/
         AND D-iD NOT ACCEPT -iT. M~A/-R-iS-P~ SA-iDH ~'nEXT YEAR YOU
         ShOULT COME TO LHHHU-BO-R-i ON A CERTA-iN DATE". tHEN HAV-iNG
         F-iXED ThE DATE/ M~A/-R-iS-PA DEPARTED. wHEN ThE T-iME CAME
         FOR H-iM To RETURN/ gRU-SUL-BA WENT TO cHU-BO-R-i/ AND D-iS-
   (12A) COVERCD ThAT ThE tE~CHER HAD REACL~ED ThERE F-iVE D~YS EARL-iER.
         hE (gRU-SUL-BA) SPENT ThERE ONE MONTh AND PTACT-iSCD SECRET
         OL~SERVANCES (GSAN-SPYOD)/ AND NOBODY KNEW WHERE HE WENT/
         AND WHERE HE D-iED. tHE SCHOLAR p~R-PU-BA BlO-GROS SEN-GE
         OBTA-iNED FROM H-iM ThE mAHAMUDT⃠OF ThE cYCLE OF TBE dOHâƒ.
         hE (pAR-PU-BA) ALSO ~OMPOSED E-iGHT TEXT-BOOKS (Y-iG-ShA)/ SUCH
         ~S ThE ~sUMMARY O~ ThE ThREE SECT-iONS O~ ThE dOHA"/ -iTS
         COMMENT~RY AND A RUNN-iNG COMN~ENTARY (/BTEL/~UG)/ ETC.
         tHESE TEXT-BOOKS SPREAD TL~ROUGHOUT ALL QUARTERS. h-iS D-iS-
         C-iPLES WEREH SgYER-SGOM CHEN-PO/ sANS-RGYAS DBON PO/ BLA-LMA
         bT~G-/BUR-BA/ ~UG-GSEB T-i-PA/ ThE dHARMASVâƒM-iN BlA-MA
         dAM-PA/ m-i-NAG ~ES-RAB BZAng-PO/ AND ThE dHARMASVâƒM-iN
                                                                          p.865
         ~wHO D-iD NOT DESCEND FROM D~E MOUNTA-iN'/ (~HBOS R~E r-i-M-i-
         'BABS-PA) BsOD-NAMS R-iN CHEN. tHE LATTET BESTOWED ON ME
         ThE dOHA ACCORD-iNG T~ TBE SYSTEM O~ pAR (pAR-PU-BA). tHE
         cYCLE O~ a-SU BCCAME KNOWN AS ThE ~lOWER'/ SCHOOL (SmAD-
         LUGS) O~ ThE mAHAMUDRA. aGA-iN/ ThE ~l~T~R" TR~NSLAT-iON
         (pHY-i-/GYUT)H wHEN w~JRAPAN-i BCCAM~ OLD/ nAG-PO ~ER-D~D
         M~A/-T-iS STAYED W-iTh H-iM -iN e~STETN iND-iA/ AND OBTA-iNED
         (FROM H-iM) DLE tEN TEXTS OF ThE mAHAMUDRA~/ ThE ~LARGE"
         AND ~LESSCR/' RECENS-iONS Oe TBE dOH⃠(dOHAKOSAGLC-i/ tG.
         RgYUD/ nO. 2~24 dOBAKOSA-NAMA-CARYAGLT-i/ tG. RgYUD
         n~. 2263)/ ThE SkU/-i MDZOD /~H-i-M~D RDO RtE (SkU-I MDZOD
         'CL1-i-NLED RDO-R~E-I GLU/ kAY~KOSâƒMRT~V~JRA/~âŒT-i/ tG. RgYUD
         nO. 2269)/ ThE GsUN-G-i MDZOD /~LM-DBYANS RD~R~ (GsUng G-i
         mDZOD /~LNL-DL~YANS TDO-R~H/-i GLU/ V~KKOS~RUC-iRAS~ARAV~-iR~GâŒT
         tG. RgYUD/ nO. 2270)/ ThE tHUdS-KY-i MDZOT SKYE-MET RDO
         R~E (tHUGS-KY-i MDZOD SKYE-MED RDO-RjE/-i GLU/ c-iTT~KOS~JA-
         VAJRAGâŒT-i/ tG. RgYUD/ nO. 2271)/ ThE Sk~i-GSUN-TBUGS Y-iD-L~
         M-i-BYED-PA/-i MDZOD (SkUdSUN-TBUGS Y-iD-LA M-i-BYED-PA ZES
         BYA-L~A/ kAYAVâƒKC-iTT~MAN~SAKAR~-NAMA/ tG.RgYUD/ nO. 227~)/
         TL1E SgOM-R-iM DRUG-P~ (bH~VANAKR~M~SAT.KA-NAMA/ tG. RgYUD/
         2~99)/ ThE /~i HH-i-KHL-M~-I GD~MS-NLG ('pH~G~PA /d3/-K~ YE-ShES
         ZES-BYA-BA TBEG-P~ CHEN-PO/-i MDO/ ~RYA--iT~JN~NA-NAMA-MAL~A
         YAN~SUTRA/ kG.RgYUD-'B~ / nO. 122)/ ThE R~OG-PA MED-P~/-i
         RGYUD (RgYUD KY-i RGY~LRO R~OG-P~-MED-P~ ZES-BYHL-B~/ aN.L-
         V-iL~-t~NTR~T~J~/ k;/. RgYUD-/BUM/ nO/ 414 AND -iTS COMMEN-
         T~RY sHR-i-aNAV-iL3NAML-T~NTR~P~NJ-iKA/ tG. RjYUD/ nO. 1 2O~
         hE (nAG-PO sER D~D) WAS ThE D-iSC-iPLE OF 'gOS LO-TSA-BA. l~T~R
         HE FOUNDED ~ N~ONASTERY BEL~-iND G~Ung-GTU SN~/ ~ND BECAME ~1L
         OFF-iC-i~L AT lL1M-TShO. h-iS DE~Th WAS CAUSED BY PO-iSON
         ;LDM-iN-iSTERED BY ThE MONKS. Bl~-m~ sO HEARD TBE H-iDDEN
         PRECEPTS FROM L~-iM/ ~ND SkOR-CHUng-B~. hE ESPEC-i~L Y sPEL~T
         S-iX YEARS -iTL ThE PRESENCE Oe njG-PO (sH R-DLD). wHEN sO
         BEC~ME OLD/ HE GAVE (CL-ESE PRECEPTS) TO ~iyjng-sToN RTs~js-sE.
         tHE LACTER G~E ThEM To ThE BLA-mA rOG-BLE. t11E l-iNEA;/E O~
         Z R~   / R~    O~    O~-B.LL/
                                                                          p.866
         tEACH-iNG (BkA/) O~ ThE gRUB-Sâ¤-ing/ AS WELL ;iS TL~T OF ThE /'lESSER"
         TEXTS (26 a-M~-NaHL-S-i)/ ARE NOc EXT~NT AT PRESENT/ BUT ThE
         l-iNEAGE OF aUThOR-iZAT-iON (LUng) -iS ~S FOLLOWSH sHA-BA-RA/ mA-iTRâŒ-
         PA/ RgYA-G~R pHY~G-N~ (wAJR~PAn-i)/ bRAN-T-i/ GtSAng yAng-DOG-
         'BAR/ p11YAd-ZUngS-SKYABS/ RtSAngS-/BYUL-i-SE/ ic~-STON N~dO-SEng/
         ThE BLA-MA StON-sHâƒK/ icE BlO-LDAN SEng-GE/ kUN-N1KHYEN
         /pH~GS 'OD/ bU-STON r-iN PO-CL~E/ T-i E LO-TSL-BA r-iN-CHEN RNAM-
         RGYAL/ AND TL1US To ThE wENERABLE gRA~S-PA RGYAL-MTShAN. fRO~M
         L1-iM i OBTA-iNED ThE ~sEVEN s~CT-iONS O~ gRUB-PA" (gRUB-PA SDC-
         BDUN/ tG. RgYUD/ nOS. 2217-22~3) ONL~/ ThE MULA AND ThE
         COLMMENTARY OF ThE dE-KHO N~ â¤;D-BCU-PA (tATTVADAShAKA-NAMA/
         tG. RgYUD/ n~. 2232; t~TCVADASAKATâŒKâƒ/ tG. RgYUD/ nO;
         2254; sEE. b. bHATTACHARYYAH aDVAYA-~AJRASAmGRAHA/
         gAEK~LRAD/S oR-iENTAL sER-iES/ wOL. xlJ bAROD~/ iG27(P. ~).
         fROM ThE B-iRTh OF RgYA-G~R pHYAG-NA (wAJR~PâƒN-i/ 1017 a.d.)
         To DLE YE~R f-iRE-m~LE-aPE (~RE-PHO-SPRE/U--i~7g a.d.)
         460 YEARS HAVE ELAPSED.
         tHE bOOL-i ON ThE (DOCTR-iNE) OF ThE ~gREAT sEAL/ (mAH⃠MUDRA)/
   (13~) HANDED DOWN BY ThE j-iN~ mA-iTR;-PA.

                                    bauk xii.
            tHE eARLY/ lATER AND iNTERMED-iATE (Sng.L-PL~ BAR-GSUN)
         l-iL-EAGES OF ;~-i-BYED (~-i-BYED BTG~UD-PA SngA--i~L1~-i BAR-GSUM
         GY-i SK~BS~.
            tHE STORY (TsHM) OF ThE l-iNAAGE OF ThE hOLY dOCTR-iNE/
         CALLED SdUG-BSng~ BYED. ~'LLY ~AS -iT CALLED ~'Sd~ BSNAL
         7-i-BYED 7" mOST Oe TL~E SECRET PRECEPTS AND -iNSTMCT-iONS
         WH-iCH RE~CL~E~ t-iBET/ HELYED T~ PROTECT D-iSC-iPLES FROM S-iN~
         ACT-iONS ~NLL PUR-iF-iE~ ThE DEF-iLEMENTS O~ TL~E-iR ~L-iN~LS. tL~-iS
         dOCTR-iL~E BR-iN~S A SPEECLY AiiE~-i3T-iON OF TL1E S~LFFER-iNGS OF ThOSE
         WHO/ BY ThE -iNFLUENCE OF ThE-iR FORMET L-i~ES/ ARE AFFL-iCTED -iN
         BODY/ TORMENTED BY D-iSEASES/ POVERTY-STR-iCL;EN/ TORN1ENTED BY
         DEV-iLS/ ~ND EN~BLES ThEM TO PRACT-iSE yOGA--FOR Th-iS REASON -iT
         W~S CALLED SdUG-BSN~ BYED OR TL~E ~iiEV-i~TOR OF s~LFFER-
         -iNGS." iT WAS ALSO SO NAMED AFTER ThE "mANTRA WH-iCH
         AiiEV-iATES ALL SUFFER-iNGS" UTTERED BY ThE bUDDHA (SdUG BSNAL
         ThAMS-CAD RAB-TU Z-i-BAR BYED-PA/-i Sng~GS/ bLL~AV3T1PRAâ¤LP~R3-
         M-iTâƒ-HRDAYA/ MdO-M~ngS/ VOL. i/ sHER-Sâ¤-ing/ FOL. 37~. lALO~L/
         c~TA-iOGUE DU fONDS t-iBETA-iN DE LA b-iBL-iOThEQ~LE nAT-iONALE/"
         P. 4O/ nO. iOL). tHE mASTER OF Th-iS dOCTR-iNEH d~N~-PA
         s;~ngS-RGYAS. hE WAS A GREAT MASTER OF SP-iR-iT-TAL RE~L-iZ;LT-iON
         (S-iDDHES~ARA)/ AND ENDOWED W-iTh COUNTLESS YERFECT-iONS. oUT
         OF TL1E fOUR aTTRACT-iONS (BSdU BA/-i DngOS-PO-BZ-i~/ MEL)T-iONED
         -iN ThE sC~-iPTUTES ~S METhODS O~ LEAD-iN~ D-iSC-iPLES 6Y A tEACHER
         ~SBY-iN-P~/Sâ¤~N-PA/ DON-DPYOD AND DON-/TL-UN)/ThE DON-DPYOD
         WASThE mEThOD OF PREACH-iNG BY WH-iCH A TEACHER GU-iDED H-iS
         D-iSC-iPLES ON ThE p~Th. t11E FOURTh ~aTTR~CT-iON" (DON-/ThUN-
         PA) MEANT Th3T ThE TE~CHER H-iLMSELF FOLLOWED ThE pATL1/ ShOWN
         TO ThE D-iSC-iPLE. tHUS d~M-P3 (sAngS-RG~/AS)/ WHEN G~L-iD-iL)G
         D-iSC-iPLES/ USED TO LE~D TiLEM -iN ThREE STAGESH (1) ORDA-iNED
         ~-iTL~ T1~E HELF~ 0~ ThE ThREE ~OWS/ (~) ThE p~T1~ OF F~EN~NCE/
         AND (3) RESULTS 6ENEF-iC-iAL TO OThERS. tHEREFORE -iT -iS NECESSARY
                                                                          p.868
         TO STATE ThE MANNER -iN WH-iCH d~M-P~ L1AD H-imSELe PASSED
         ThTOUGH ThESE STAGES. nOW ThE NAT-iVE COUUTRY OF dATN-PAH
         HE W~S BORN AS A SON O~ A ~AThER NAMED BRtSON-'GRUS G~-CHA
         (wâŒRYAVARMAN)/ WHO BELONGED TO ThE CASTE Oe JEWEL MERCHANTS
         (NOR-BU R-iN-PO CHE/-i LEN-PA/-i R-iGS-CAN)/ AND MOThER NAMED bA-
         RL-S~-HA/ WHO BELONGED TO ThE CHLSTE Oe -iNCENS~-MAKERS/ AND
         ~S EXPERT -iN ThE OF~ER-iNGS TO ThE jE~VEL (rATN~)/ -iN A PL~CE
         WHERE DWELT NUMEROUS DEVOTEES/ -iN A D-iSTR-iCT CALLED kHRON-
    (1A) P~/-i GL-ing (kUP~DVLP~ -iN ThE PR~V-iNCE O~ gR~S-iMH~ -iN ThE
         CO~LNTRY O~ bE-B~-LA -iN sOUThERN iND-i~. hE W~S BORN W-iTh ALL
         11-iS TEETh OUT. wHEN L~E WAS TAKEN FOR EXAM-iNAT-iON TO
         BRAHMAN~ ~STROLOGER/ ThE LATTER MADE ThE FOLLOW-iNG PROPHECYH
         ~ tH-iS BOY TN~Y BECOME E-iThER A P3nd-iT~/ OR ~ YOG-iN. iN ~NY
         CH~SE HE W-iLL BE ENDOWED W-iTh EXCELLENT FACULT-iES/ SUCH AS
         PRESC-iENCE. bE-iNG A ~SEV~N-BORN' (SKYE-B~ BDUN-PA)/ HE
         W-iLL BE eREE ~ROLN S-iNS/ AND W-iLL BE BY NATURE ~TTR~CTED TO
         V-iRTUOUS DEEDS." iTL H-iS CH-iLDHOOD HE M~STERED ~11 ThE SC-iENCES/
         SUCH AS ThE S.-iENCE OF gRAMMAR ~ND OThER BR~NCHES O~
         KNOWLEDGE. tH-iS WAS A PETFECT-iON (DEVELOPED) TLROUGH H-iS
         EXTR~ORD-iN~RY NATURE (GOTRA). lATER HE WAS OTDA-iNED BY TL~E
         UP.~DHYâƒYA kSEMADEVA (DgE-BA/-i iHA)/ ~ND BEC~ME LEARNED -iN
         T11E w-iN~YA OF ThE hOLY dOCTT-iNE/ ~ND EXCELLENT (-iN ThE OBSER-
         VANCE) OF ThE pRAT-iMOKS~ VOWS. aT1 EXTR~ORD-iN~RY mENTAL
         cRE~T-iVE ~F~ORT TOW~RDS eNL-i;/HTENMENT WAS PTO~LUCCA -iN H-iM
         BY L--iS (jURU ;/sER GL-ing P~ (dH~RMAKLRT-i)~ D L)-iS OBSERV~NCE OF
         VOWS BEC~ME S-iM-iLAR TO ~ G~E~T SURG-i;L/ W~VE. hE OBT~-iNED
         -iN-iT-iAT-iONS -iNTO MAndALAS FROM NUMEROUS TEACHERS. hE POSSE-
         SSED ThE PEReECT VOWS ~ND PRECEL~TS OF A w-iDYADH.LRA (A t~NTR-iC
         VOW). tH-iS W~S TL~E PERFECT-iON O~ H-iS PERSON~L-iTY (RTEN)/
         OBSERV-iNG ThE ThREE VOWS (RTEN-SDOM-P~ GSUM)/ -i.E. TL~E MANNER
         -iN WH-iCL~ dAM-PA P~SSED ThROU~TL ThE F-iRST STAGE. aFTER
         ThAT HE OBTA-iNED ThE PROFOUND PRECEPTS FROM 54 S-iDDHAS/
         MALES AND FEMALES. h-iS EiEVEN tEACHERS -iN ThE F-iEL~L O~
         sâ–TRAS AND gRAMMAR WEREH KlU GR-iB (nAGâƒRJUNA)/ pRAJâ¤âƒ-
         BHADRA (sHES-TAB BZAL;-PH~/ g~LN;LPRABHA (yON-TAN-/OD)/ dH~RMA-
         L-iLRT-i (cHOS-GRAGS) a~H~R~S-iL~ -i sHiiLKLR.L/ jNANA;/ARBL~A (yE-S~S
                                                                          p.869
         STL-ing PO)/ aSjT~GA (tL-OGS-MEj~/ aRYADEV~/ ~ANT-iDEVA (~-i-BA-
         H~A)/ ~ND ThE GURU GsER-GL-iN-PA (dL~ARN~KLRTL) h-iS ELEVCN
         GURUS WHO T~UGL~T H-iM ThE t~NTRAS BELONG-iNG TO ThE ~fAThET'/
         CL~SS (pHA-RGYUD GYO-B~-TLUng)/ AND ThE Y~G-iC EXERC-i5ES Oe
         BREATh-iNG WERE wâƒGâŒSVAR~ G-G-i DBAN-PHYUG~/ bUDDHA-
         GUPTA/ gO-DL1L-RL/ kAR~ VAJRA/ dZA-B~-T-i-PA (jAV~R-i)/ jNANAPADA
         (yE-SES-ZLBS)/ KlU BYAng (n~GABODH-i)/ .~LLAND~/ kRSNA~ADA
         (kRs~ Pj)/ wASUDHAR-iN/ HiND p~DMAV~JRA. h-iS ELEVEL~ GURUS/
         WHO TAUGHT H-iM TBE tANTRAS BELONG-iNG TO ThE "mOThER"
         CLASS (mA RGYUD)/ AND TBE EXPCR-iENCE OF bE~UT-iTUDE (BdE-BA
         â¤AMS) WEREH aN~NGAVAJR~ sARORUH~ (MtSL1O-SKYES RDO-R~E)/
         iNDRABHUT-i/ dOMBH-i-PA/ w~JR~GHAT!TA (RdO-R~E DR-iL-BU-PA)/
         t-iLL-i~)A/ kRSN3P1D~ (nAG-PO/-i Z;LBS)/ l-iLAVAJRA (SgEG-PA RDO-
         TjC)/ lU-Y-i-PA/ w-i-RU-PA/ a~ D3GARBL1A (~cUN-DG~' SN-iN-~O)/
         AND kU-KU-R-i-PA. h-iS ELEVEN GURUS WHO TAUGHT H-iM ThE
         SYMBOL OF ThE mAHA MUDRA WEREH s~R~LLA/ cARYA-PA/ gU-NA-R-i/
    (2A) kOR~ OG-TSE-PA)/ kO-S~-PA/ ~i-BA-R-i-PA/ mA-iTRL-PA/ sAG~R~- 
         S-iDDH-i/ rAV-iGUPTA (~-i-M~ SBAS-P~)/ aKAR~S-iDDH-i/ AND rATNAVAJRA.
         h-iS TEN GURUS WHO -iNTRODUCED H-iM TO H-iS OWN m-iND WETE (R-iG-
         PA ngO-SPROD-PA)H ~ABAR-i (r-i-KHROD-MA)/ dR-i-LLTED-MA (w-iM~LA)/
         pADMAPADA (p~D-MO-ZABS)/ kU-N1U-DA/ sUKL1AK~TA (BdE-BA/-i
         'BYU-iL GNAS)/ gAR;GABHADR-i (g;LNGA BZAR;~ O)/ tS-i-TO-M
         (c-i~Tâƒ)/ l~KsN~âŒ/ (wRKSA) P~Rn-i (sH-iN-LO-~dA)/ AND sUKL ;iS-i~LD6L.
         hAV-iNG OBT;L-iNED FROM ThE ABOVE ALL ThE sUTRAS (pHY-i-MTShAN-
         â¤-iD) OF ThE "oUTER" dOCTR-iNE AN~ ~11 ThE H-iDDEN PRCCEPTS O~
         ThE "fAThER" AND "mOThER" CLASSES OF ThE "iNNER" dOCTR-iNE/
         HE PRACT-iSED N~ED-iT~T-iOL~. hE REC-iTED ThE NAME OF H-iS tEACHER
         AT sHEng-GE-RDZOR;/ AND AN -iMPARTED UNDERSTAND-iNG ShONE -iN B-iL~1.
         fOT S-iX YEARS HE PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON AS eASTERN sEng-GE-RDZOR;/
         FOR 15 YEARS AT wAJRâƒSANA/ FOR FOUR YEARS AT ThE sVAYAMBL~U-
         CA-iTYA (rA-i1-BYUN MCHOD-RTEN)/ FOR F-iVE YEARS ~T ThE mOUNT
         kU RU-KU-LLA/ FOR F-iVE YEARS ON ThE BANKS OF ThE gANGCS/ FOR
         F-iVE YEARS -iN ThE JUNGLES OF eASTETN iND-iA/ FOR F-iVE YEARS AT
         ThE CEMETER-iES OF sOUThERN iND-iA/ FOR SEVEN YEARS AT ThE
         CEMETERY OF sH-iT~VALLA (Bs-iL-B~/-i TShAL)/ AGA-iN FOR ThREE YEARS
         AT wAJRASANA/ AND FOR TELL YE~RS -iN ThE COUNTRY OF -i-iBL)LRA
                                                                          p.870
         (M~-itON-PAR DB~'-BA S ~UL). hE L-AD -iMLULLLERABLE V-iS-iONS O~
         TUTELARY DE-iT-iES/ SLLCH AS TLLE TWELV~ TUTELARY DE-iT-iESH mANJU-
         GL~OSA/ aVALOK-iTEShVLR;L/ wAJRADLL~R~ (RdO-RJE-/DZ-iN)/ t;~Râƒ
         kLLASARPAnA (A F()RM Oe aVALOK-iTEShVARA REPRESENTED AS sH-iVA)/
         yAMAL~TAKA/ r;~ BY UL-i RGY AL-MO (NALLLE O~ eKAJATL)/ sARVA-
         NâŒ~ARALLA-V-iSKAMBLLL (igR-iB-SEL)/ '~D-ZER-CAN (mARLC-i)/ sAMATLT;L-
         BLLADR~ (kUN-BZAL;S)/ wAR;LHâŒ/ AND aCAL~. fURTBER/ wA-iRocA
         (RnAM-PAR SN~ng N DZAD)/ hAY~GRLVA (Rt~-MGR-iLL)/ sAMVARA/
         hEVAJR~/ AND OThCR DE-iT-iES. hE LLAD ~iSO V-iS-iONS Oe -iLLNUMCRA-
         BLE HNANTRADHARAS/ SUCLL AS TLLE 36 GURUS BELCLLG-iLLG TO TLLE
         hE~VEL~LY ABODE OF dAK-iN~S (KLLECARA/ MKLLA'-SPYOj) -iLLD OTLL~RS.
         aMONG TLLE ORD-iNARY S-iDDH-iS/ LLE OBT~-iNED TL~E EYE MED-iC-iNE
         (Aâ¤JAN~/ M-iG-SMAN)/ APPLY-iLLG WL~-iCLL ONE COULD SEE T~EASURES
         NLLDERGROUND/ TLLE MED-iC-iNE WL~-iCH ENABLED ONE TO COVER TLLE
         D-iSTANCE OF LOO ~OJANAS DA-iLY (RKAN-MGYOGS)/ N~AG-iC P-iLLS
         (R-iL-BU/ GUL-iKA)/ TLLE FACULTY OF PASS-iNG ThROUGLL EARTh (SA-'OG).
         TLLE POWER OF EMPLOY-iNG A YAKs/ AS ONE'S SER-~LLT (GNOD-/B~/-iN-
         MO)/ A TONGUE OF A VETA-iA (RO-LAL-iS) TRANSFORMED -iNTO A DAGGER
         (RAL-BR-i~ WLL-iCL- ENABLES ONE TO FLY TL~ROUGLL S~ACE/ iLLow-iLLG
         TLLROUGL) SKY (iLLKLLA/-SPYOD/ ~HECARA). i11 RESPECT O~ TLLEsUB.
         i-iNLE rEAL-iZAT-iON (N CLLoG-G-i DNOS-BRUB) HE OBTA-iNED TL~E DATSANA-
         MâƒR;/A OR TliE pATh Ol LLL~ -iNAT-iON (N~TL~Ong-LA~ ND TL~E KNOW-
         iEDGE O~ ThE ~RALLâƒMLLDRA (~iAi~âƒN~U~LRA-JLLâƒNA~.
            (h-iS) RESULTS ~yH-iCL- WERE BEN~F-iC-i.LL TO OTL~ERSH HE PETF~)~MED
         tANTR-iC R-iTCS -iN ALL ThE LOC~L-iT-iES OF ThE 24 COUNTR-iES/ ETc.
         f~MED AS ~NE POSSESSED OF SP-iR-iTUAL TEAL-iZAT~ON/ HE WAS KNO~VN
         BY D-iL~ELEL-T NAMES.
            nOW ThE MALLNCT O~ H-i~ LABO-LRS FOR Ti~E BENEF-iT OF OThCTS
         -iN t-iBETH -iN ALL HE V-iS-iTED t-iBET ON F-iVE OCC~s-ioiLS. tLLE
         F-iRST (V-iS-iT)H hE JOURNEYED TO tSA-R-i V-iA 'bR-iN-TLLAL-i AL~D
         REQUESTED -TLLE GODDESS rEMAT⌠(TO G~ANT) LL-iM ThE POWER OF
         CO~ER-iNG GREAT D-iST~NCES (RKAL;-NLGYOGS~. hAV-iNG PENCTRATED
         AS ~AR AS SkON-YUL AL~D sUM-YUL/ ThERE WAS NO D-iSTR-iCT -iN ThE
         ThREE REG-iONS OF Sm;LD (lO~EL) kLLAMS/ WH-iCH LLE D-iD LLOT
         TRE~D W-iTLL H-iS FEET. tHO~LGH AT ThAT T-iME ThETE WAS NO RECEP-
         TACLE WH-iCH HE COULD ~-iLL W-iTh H-iS TEACH-iNG/ HE PROPHES-iED ThAT
                                                                          p.871
         -iN FUTURE T-iMES -iN ThESE LOCAL-iT-iES ThE dOCTR-iNE WOULD SPREAD.
         tHE SECOND (V-iS-iT)H HAV-iNG LEFT kâƒSMâŒTA/ HE PROCEEDED TOWARDS
         M~A/-R-iS AND BESTOWED SEVERAL PRECEPTS ON ~AN-ZUN-GL-iN-KHA-
         PA AND ON ThE bON-PO kHRA-TShAR 'BRUG-BLA.
            tHE Th-iRD (V-iS-iT)H wHEN HE WAS COM-iNG FTOM nEPAL/
         HAV-iNG ~HREFR-iENDED SOME MERCHANTS/ HE MET RmAN-RA SER-PO
         OF yAR-KLUngS. tHE iATTER ACCOMPAN-iED H-iM/ AND -iN GtSAN HE
         BESTOWE;L MANY H-iDDEN PRECEPTS OF GcOD ON SkYO BsOD-NAMS
         BLA-MA AND RmAng-RA SER-PO. tHE FOURTh (V-iS-iT)H hAV-iNG
         REACHED sHA-'UG STAG-SGO/ HE STAYED AT GL~AL. hE PUR-iF-iED ThE
         MORAL DCF-iLEMENTS O~ H-iS MOThER. lATE~ HAV-iNG GONE TO DBuS/
         HE LABOURED FOR ThE BENEF-iT OF RmA/ sO AND OThERS. tHE
         F-iFTh (V-iS-iT) hE PROCEEDED TO cH-iNA AND SPENT 12 YEAR~
         ThERE. tHEN AGA-iN HE RETURNED TO d-iN-R-i. oNCE kUN-DGA
         ASKED H-iM ABOUT ThE NUMBER OF D-iSC-iPLES -iN-iT-iATED BY dAM-PA
         -iN t-iBET AND WHO HAD SCATTERED ThROUGHOUT ThE COUNTRY/
         SAY-iNGH ~hOW .MANY D-iSC-iPLES HAVE YOU HAD -iN t-iBET TO
         WHOM YOU HAVE G-iVEN PRECEPTS?" dAM-PA REPL-iEDH ~aTE
         YOU ABLE TO COUNT ThE STARS -iN hEAVEN ABOVE ThE PLA-iN OF d-ing-
         R-i ?" (hE SA-iD SO/) BECAUSE ThE SKY OVER d-ing-R-i -iS W-iDE AND -iT
         -iS D-iL~-iCULT TO COUNT ThE STARS ON -iT. tHESE D-iSC-iPLES HAD SCAT-
         TERED/ AND ThEREFORE WERE UNABLE TO CONT-iNUE ThE l-iNEAGE. iT
         -iS D-iL~-iCULT FOR PEOPLE TO KNOW ABOUT ThEM. tHUS/ BECAUSE HE
         /POSSESSED -iNNUMERABLE D-iSC-iPLES/ HE MUST HAVE HAD ALSO NUMER-
         OUS H-iDDEN PRECEPTS. (h-iS) FAMOUS l-iNEAGES ATE ThE
            ~eARLY/// ThE ~ iNTERMED-iATE// AND ThE ~'lATER./' nOW ThC F-iRST
         l-iL~EAGEH ThE DOCTR-iNE (OF Th-iS l-iNEAGE) WAS TEPRESENTED BY
         ThE SADHANA OF yAMâƒNTAKA AND T1~E ThREE cYCLES OF ~-i-BVED
         SgROL-MA WH-iCH WERE PREACHED BY dAM-PA TO ThE kAShM-iT-iAN
         LNANAGUHYA. tHEV WERE TAUGHT L)Y dAM-PA AND jâ¤âƒNAGUHYA
         TO oN-PO LO-TSâƒ-BA. tHE LATTER TAUGHT ThEM TO lO-BTSUN-CHUng
    (3A) AND BlA-CHUng 'OD-ZER. nOW lO-BTSUN-CLLUngH HE PROCEEDED TO
         iND-iA TO PRACT-iSE MED-iTAT-iON AND ~-iD NOT RETURN. BlA-CHUL; 'OD-
         ZER TAUGHT (ThE DOCTR-iNE) T~ H~1S-PA dAR-BRTSON. tHE LATTER TO
         'cHUS-PA BRTSON-SER;. tHE LAT~EL (TAUGHT -iT) TO rOG sHE-SRAB-
         'OD. aGA-iL- ThE kAShM-iR-iARL jNLNAGUHYA TAUGHT -i~ TO Sp~i-
                                                                          p.872
         HRANS LO-CHUN. tHE LATTER TO Dm;AR-STON THHOS-RGYAL. tHE
         LATTER TO ThE KALYA~NA-M-iTTA yOL-MO. tHE LATTER TO G~EN-STON
         nAM-MKHA/. tHE LATTER TO kY-i TShAR; ~-iG-PO. tHE LATTER TO
         rOG sHES-RAB-/OD. tHE SYSTEM OF ong-PO LO-TSâƒ-BA HAD NO
         SADHANAS. tHE cHAPTER ABOUT ThE F-iRST l-iNEAGE.
         tHE~iNTETMED-iATE" l-iNEAGEH tHE CH-iEF PRECEPTS WERE
         ThOSE OF TmA/ sO AND SkAM/ ThE ThREE/ AS WELL AS ThE ~ iESSER/'
         PRECEPTS. fOR ThREE YEARS dAM-PA SERVED ON ThE MONAST-iC
         CONGREGAT-iON AT S~ED-GRO Oe GL~AL/ AND ThEN PROCEEDED TO
         cHOS-SGRO. oN H-iS WAY TO yAR-STOD/ HE MET Gâ¥AGS LO-TSâƒ-BA
         AND BESTOWED ON H-iM (ThE SâƒDHANA) OF sAMVARA-EKAVLRA (BdE-
         MCHOG DPA'-BO-GC-iG). sA-iD dAM-PA TO kHU LO-TSâƒ-BAH ~ yOUR
         (tANT~LC) VOWS BAVE BEEN DEF-iLED/// AND D-iD NOT ADM-iT H-iM
         (-iNTO H-iS PRESENCE). aFTER ThAT HE MET R~.-iLA. tH-iS dAM-PA
         RmA WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR wOOD-fEMALE-sHEEP (Sh-ing-MO-LUG--
         LOSS a.d.) AS SON OF ONE NAMED RmA SmON-LAM AT SkYER-
         SNA OF yAR-STOD. tH-iS wOOD-sHEEP YEAR (sH-ing-LUG--1055)
         FOLLOWS ON ThE YEAR OF ThE PASS-iNG OF aTâŒShA/ DUT-iNG WH-iCH
         pU-TO-BA HAD REACHED ThE AGE OF 13. RmA WAS ORDA-iNE~D -iN
         H-iS YOUTh/ AND WAS G-iVEN ThE NAME OF cHOS-KY-i ~.ES-RAB. hE
         OBTA-iNED FROM H-iS FAThER ThE pAD-MA DBAng-CHEN (A Râ¥-ing-MA-PA
         FORM OF hAYAGNVA). tHELL HE STUD-iED ThE ~ dOMA-iN OF pRAC-
         T-iCE// (SpYOD-PHYOGS)/ ThE L~iâƒDHYAMAKA SYSTEM/ ThE dOHâƒ
         ACCORD-iNG TO ThE ~uPPER// SCHOOL/ AND ThE gRUB-SN-ing (ThE
         cYCLE OF dOHâƒ). aT ThE AGE OF 1G/ -iN ThE YEAR wATER-
         fEMALE-oX (CHU-MO-GLAng--1073 a.d.) HE NLET dAM-PA.
         wHEN BLA-MA RmA/ HAV-iNG FALLEN -iLL/ WAS L-iV-iNG -iN ThE
         UPPER STOREY OF H-iS OWN LLOUSE/ HE ONCE SA~ A BLACK A-TSA-RA
         (<âƒCâƒRYA) CARRY-iNG A S-iNGLE GARMENT ON H-iS ShOULDER. tHE
         F-iERCE DOGS (OF ThE HOUSE) D-iD NOT BARK AT H-iM/ BUT C-iRCLED
         ROUND H-iM WAG-iNG ThE-iR TA-iLS. RmA WAS SURPR-iSED/ AND SENT
         A SERVANT TO HAVE A LOOK AT (ThE STRANGER). tHE SERVANT CAME
    (3B) BACK AND SA-iD ThAT ThERE WAS AN A-TSA-RA (âƒCâƒRYA). RmA ThEN
         UNDERSTOOD ThAT ThE A-TSA-RA WAS AN EXTRAORD-iNARY MAN. tHEN
         HE -iNV-iTED H-iM -iNS-iDE/ AND ThE A-TSA-RA ENTERED W-iThOUT BE-iNG
         ShOWN ThE DOOR. RmA ThEN ASKED FOR ThE A-TSA-RA/S BLESS-iNG/
                                                                          p.873
         AND AS SOON AS ThE A-TSA-RA HAD BLESSED H-iM/ H-iS -iLLNESS
         D-iSAPPEARED. RmA ThEN ASKED ThE A-TSA-RA TO BESTOW
         A SECRET PRCCEPT ON H-iM. tHE A-TSA-RA SA-iDH ~i ShALL
         BESTOW PRECEPTS ON YOU BECAUSE OF A KARM-iC L-iNK (LAS-'BREL)
         (BETWEEN US) WH-iCH HAS LASTED ThTOUGH MANY REB-iRThS.// tHEN
         ThE A-TSA-RA ASKED H-iNLH ~wHAT dOCTR-iNE DO YOU KNOW?//
         RmA REPL-iEDH ~i KNOW ThE tANTRAS OF ThE ~fAThER/ CLASS (pHA-
         TGYUD) AND ThE mAHâƒMUDTA'//. tHE A-TSA-RA SA-iDH ~ yOURS
         -iS ThE mAHâƒMUDT⃠OF wORDS/ BUT NOW i ShALL EXPOUND (TO
         YOU) ThE mAHâƒMUDT⃠OF mEAN-iNG". hE ThEN -iNTRODUCCD
         H-iM TO ThE BAS-iC DOCTR-iNE (MULA)/ BAS-iNG H-iMSELF ON SUCH
         WORDS AS ~ ThE STAGE -iN WH-iCH ThE EYES REMA-iN OPEN AND ThE
         MENTAL (hOW) CEASES/ -iN WH-iCH BREATh -iS STOPPED. tH-iS CAN
         BE OBTA-iNED W-iTh ThE HELP OF A HOLY TEACHER (DPAL-LDAN BLA-
         MA)" (ThE STAGE REFERRED TO -iN ThE ABOVE SLOKA REPRESENTS ThC
         STAGE WHEN -id⃠AND P-iNGALâƒ(V-iTAL BREAThS) S-iNK -iNTO ThE AVA-
         DHUT-i/ AND ThE YOG-iN -iS SA-iD TO BE ABLC TO CONTEMPLATE ThE
         aBSOLUTE/ -i. E. ThE mAHâƒMUDRâƒ. sEE m. sHAH-iDULLAHH
         tEXTES POUR L/eTUDE DU bOUDDH-iSLNE TARD-iF" (pAR-iS/ 1928)/
         P. 1 5OH M-iG-N-i M-i-'DZUMS SEMS-'GOG-DAN (RLUN-'GOG-PA-N-i
         DPAL-LDAN BLA-MAS RTOGS(). a SPEC-iAL EXPER-iENCE WAS BORN -iN
         RmA. tHEN/ AFTER ThE LAPSE OF 18 DAYS/ dAM-PA SA-iDH
         ~nOW i ShALL BE GO-iNG !// RmA BEGGED H-iM TO STAY ON/ BUT
         dAM-PA D-iD NOT AGREE. hE TR-iED TO FOLLOW AFTER dAM-PA/
         BUT ThE tEACHER FORBADE H-iM TO CONLE ALONG. RmA ThEN SA-iDH
         ~iN ANY CASE YOU W-iLL KEEP ME -iN YOUR GRACE/'/ AND dAM-PA
         REPL-iEDH ~tH-iS T-iME YOU MUST GO BACK/ BUT NEXT W-iNTER YOU
         MAY COME TO 'pHAN-YUL//. RmA PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON AND H-iS
         FA-iTh GREW STRONGER. iN ThE W-iNTER/ HAV-iNG TAKEN sO-CHUR;-PA
         AS H-iS SETVANT/ HE JOURNEYED TOWARDS 'pHAN-YUL. aT bYAL-
         YUL HE WAS ABLE TO CLEAR H-iS DOUBTS REGARD-iNG ThE PRECEPTS
         AT ThE FEET OF dAM-PA/ WHO BESTOWED ON H-iM -iNSTRUCT-iON W-iTh
         ThE HELP OF ~PEBBLES// (~DE/U) ARRANGED -iN 64 WAYS. RmA
         SPENT ThREE MONThS AT ThE RES-iDENCE OF dAM-PA. aT ThAT
         T-iME HE MET a-SU WHO WAS STAY-iNG AT RlUng-SOD. tHEN RmA
         RETURNED TO H-iS NAT-iVE PLACE/ AND GAVE UP H-iS S~RVANTS AND
                                                                          p.874
         PRO?E~TY/ AND BECAME A DEVOTEC (SâƒDHAKA). i~C SL~ENT ONC
         YEAR AT ThE CAVE OF R~LA. aFTER ThAT HE PROCEEDED [O MtShO-
         RDZOng OF kO~'PO bRAG-GSUM/ AND SPELLT NaHLE YEARS ThERC.
         wHEN A GREAT -iNTERNAL FEUD AFFL-iCTED TLLE LOCAL-iTY/ ThE LOCAL DE-iT~
         ADV-iSED H-iM TO MED-iATE -iN CHE NLATTER (GNA/-MDZA(j-~A). hE
         SA-iDH ~1 WOULDN/T BE ABLE/'. bUT ThE LOCAL DE-iTY TOL~ HLMH
         ~i ShALL HELP YOU/'. TmA HAD FA-iTh -iN ThE (~E-iTY'S ~aORDS/
         AND WENT TOWARDS ThE PLACE WHERE F-iGHT-iN~ WAS TAK-iNG ~LACC.
         wHEN PEOPLE RESUMED F-iGHT-iNG/ HE SPREAD HLS REL-iG-iOUS ROBC
         BETWEEN ThE TWO CONTEND-iNG PART-iES-AND EXCLA-iMEDH ~hERC
    (4A) i ShALL MED-iTATE ! wHOSOEVER W-iLL D-iSOBE~. MAY ThE N-iNC
         K-iNDS OF M-iSFORTUNES FALL ON H-iM./' AND SAY-iLLG SO/ HE WENT O~.
         wHEREVER HE WENT/ HE WAS FOLLOWED BY A ~REAT BLACK WLL-iRL-
         W-iND. tHE SOLD-iERS HAV-iNG BECONLE HELPLESS BY (ThE STORM)
         CEASED F-iGHT-iNG. hE ThEN TLLOU~HTH 'nOW i ShALL BE ABLE
         TO HELP L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS !" hE GAThERED NUMEROUS FOLLOWERS AT
         dAGS-PO RDZONS-KHA AND PROCEEDED TOWARDS yAR-KLUNS. RmA
         SPENT ThREE YEARS AT kY-i-TShAN. tHEN HAV-iNG GAThERED NLL-
         MEROUS D-iSC-iPLES/ HE STAYED WHEREVER HE WAS ASKED TO PREACL-
         ThE dOCTR-iNE. hE HAD F-iVE GREAT ~sOLLS'/ (D-iSC-iPLES)H gAng-
         PAR-GSEN/ ~UD-PHU LO-TSâƒ-BA/ BLA-MA sHE/~L/ sOG-PO MdO-SDE/
         AND ~;Ang DgA'-LDAN-PA.
            hERE sOG-PO MdO-SDEH (hE WAS) A NAT-i~E OF sHO-SKYAM.
         tHE EiDEST OF ThE ThREE BROThERS WAS lHA-RjE sO~-SMALL. tHE
         MLDDLE ONE WAS sOG-PO MdO-SDE. hE WAS AN EXYERT -iN BOTh
         MED-iC-iNC AND REL-iG-iON. bE-iNG A D-iSC-iPLE OF ThE FAThER OF
         dAM-PA RmA. HE WENT TO ATTEND OL) mA-SGOM/ WHO WAS
         STAY-iNG AT ThE CAVE OF SkYER-SN~. RmA TOLD H-iMH ~hAV-iNG
         MET A S-iDDHA FRONL iND-iA/ i WAS B~NEF-iTTED BY -iT/ OThERW-iSE
         ~ON ThE BED OF A GREAT SCHOLAR/ ThE CORPSE OF AN ORD-iNARY
         HUMAN BE-iNG W-iLL BE FOUND"'.' hE ThEN ASKED ThE S-iDDHA
         TO TELL H-iM ThE STORY OF H-iS MEET-iNG W-iTh (H-iM). hE FELT
         FA-iTh BORN -iN H-iM ALLD ASKED FOR H-iDDEN PRECEPTS. RmA SA-iD
         ThAT ~BECAUSE HE HAD BEEN A FORMER D-iSC-iPLE OF H-iS HE HAD TO
 1. -i.E. HE WOULD D-iE AS AN ORD-iNARY HUMAN BE-iNG -iGNORANT OF REL-iG-iON.
                                                                          p.875
         BESTOW PRECEPTS ON L~-iNL." R~ -iNTRO~LCED LL-iM TO ThE CX-
         POS-iT-iON/ AND BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE COMPLETE L~-iDDE~ RECE~T.~.
         sOG-PO ALSO ~ELT FA-iTh BORN -iN H-iMSELF/ AND LLA~NLG ABAL~DONED
         A11 WORLDLY OCCUPAT-iONS/ BECDME A (LEVOTEE (SADLLAKA). lATER
         RmA LEFT dAGS-PO/ AND sOG-PO ~VENT TO yAR-MDA (lOWER yAS-
         KLUngS) TO PAY H-iS LLOMAGE TO R~ . hE ThEN ASKED RmAH
         ~ o tEACHER ! wHAT SORT OF dOCTR-iNE HAVE YOU PREACHED?/'
         RmA REPL-iEDH ~i 11AVE PRE;LCHED ThC WA~ OF ThE cLTTOTPâƒDA.
         CALLED ThE .~tOng~ ThULL KHA-DOR MTLLAR-RGYAS (sUMMAR~/
         ML~-ELLANY/ EXTENS-iVE)'/. hE ThOUGHT ThAT RmA MUST HAVE
         POSSESSED DOCTR-iNES WH-iCH HE D-iD 110T BES~OW/ AND TL~EREFORE
         MADE H-iS REQUEST. Rm~ REPL-iED ~    AVE G-iVEN YOU ThE
         TEACH-iNGS OF ThC iND-iAN dAM-L)A W-iThOUT ADD-iNG OR OM-iTT-iNG
         EVEN A S-iNGLE WORD tL~-iS PRESEL-T EXPOS-iT-iON WH-iCL i AM PREACH-
         -iNG CONS-iSTS O~ A FEW PARTS OT ThE tEACH-iLLG OF dAM-PA AND i
         HAVE G-iVEN ThEM SEPARATE L~AM~S. ACCORD-iLL~/ TO CO~ TRY ALLD -iN-
    (4B) D-iV-iDUALS.'/ sO~-PO ML)O-SDE WH-iLE RES-iD-iNG AT BtS;LN-ThAng MET
         A MALL/ A~ED 19/ WHO OBTA-iNED FROM H-iM ThE COMPLETE H-iDDEN
         PRE~EPTS. rOG sHES-RAB-/OD OBTA-iNED ThEM FROM ThAT MALL. a~A-iN
         RmA/ D-iS~H-iPLE ~Ang DgA/-LDAN-PAH (HE BELONGE~L TO ThE CLAN) O~
         McH-iMS-ZAng/ AND WAS BOTN AT ~tSAng-ZAL OF yAR-STOD. hE ~B-
         TA-iNED ThE mALLâƒRNUDR⃠DOCTR-iNE FROM dAM-L)A SkOR n-i-RU-PA/
         AS WELL AS ThE FOUR -iN-iT-iAT-iONS. tHEN HE FOLLOWE~L A~TER RmA TO
         RgYAS-SMAN StAG-RTSE. hE BESTOWED SP-iR-iTLLAL GU-iDANCE -iN ThE
         jUN-iYER FOREST OF S~ON-CHUng-GNAS OF bYAR/ AL~D REMOVED DOUBT~
         ~ROM H-iS M-iND. aNLONG H-iS D-iSC-iPLES WEREH G~AL-STOLL DgA'-
         CHUN-'BAR/ SkYO~ SgOM-PA-GTAN/ kHU-SGOM ~O-DGA'/ RgYA-DAR-
         Eng/ AND 'cH~LS-PA d;~R-BRTSON. RgYA-DAR SEng-GCH HE WAS BORN
         AS sON OF RgY~-LON cHOS-'BAR AT gRA-PHY-i-PLLU. aT ThC
         AGE OF 3O/ AN ARROW STRUCK H-iS LEG/ AND HE PROCEEDED TO ThE
         HOT SPR-iNGS OF cHU-TShAN-KHA/ AND ThERC MET rAS-PA kH~-
         KYOG RdO-R~E SEN-GE/ AN(L OBTA-iNED FROM H-iM ThE mAHAMUDRA.
         wH-iLE ~Ang WAS RES-iD-iNG AT SmAR.-MO/ HE OBTA-iNED PRECEPTS
         FRONL H-iM/ AND BECAME A YoG-iLL ENDOWED W-iTh ;i HEAVENLY
         UNDERSTAND-iNG. h-iS GRE.LT i~SONS'' ~EREH dOL PA DbAng-RGYAL
         AND sHES-RAB ME-CHUng/ CALLED ThE ~ tWO ~O-~RAS-SPUN O~ StOD./'
                                                                          p.876
         ~Ang-STON ~O-SPU AN~L ThE BLA-MA SlOB-CHUN-BA WERE CALLED ThE
         ~'tWO BROTLLERS OF GnAGS-TShA" -iN SmAD. h-iS l-iNEAGE
         WAS CONT-iNUED BY SmYON-CHUng OF RgYA -iN ThE m-iDDLE rEG-iON
         (bAR). tHE LATTER WAS BORN -iN lOWER RgYAL (RgYA-SMAD) -iN
         cHU-BO R-i-KHRA-SNA. h-iS NAME WAS RgYA-TShA-/BAR. aT ThC
         AGE OF 24/ HE MET gR-i-KHU GDON-PA/ WHO HAD COME TO cHU-
         BO-R-i TO MED-iTATE/ AND BECAME H-iS D-iSC-iPLE. RgYA-SMYON
         TAUGHT ThE DOCTR-iNE OF Th-iS l-iNEAGE. tHREE dâƒK-iNâŒS -iNTRODUCED
         H-iM TO H-iS OWN m-iND/ AND AN UNDERSTAND-iNG/ WL~-iCH D-iD
         NOT D-i~ER ~ROM EX~ER-iENCE/ WAS PRODUCED -iN H-iS m-iND. hE
         WAS G-iVEN ThE NANLE OF SmYON-PA dON-LDAN. hE TAUGHT (ThE
         dOCTR-iNE) TO L~-i-KHROD-PA. aGA-iN kHU-SGOM ~O-DGA// WHO DWELT
         -iN ThE VALLEY OF KlU MDA/-TShE/ HAD NUMEROUS D-iSC-iPLES. hE
         TAUGHT -iT TO RgYAL-BA DkON-MCHOG-SKYABS OF StOD-LUng G~Ong-
         PA-STEN. tHE LATTER PREACHED ThE DOCTR-iNE To rOG sHES-RAB-/OD.
         sHES-RAB-/OD OBTA-iNED AT ThAT PLACE ThE UNDERSTAND-iNG OF
    (5A) ThE mAHâƒM-LDRâƒ. aGA-iN ;~Ang-BTSUA RgYAL-BA BkRA-Sh-iS TAUGHT
         -iT TO /ciLUS-PA L~)AR-BRTSON. tHE LATTCR TAUGHT -iT To '~HUS-PA
         BRTSON-SEng. tHE LATTER TAUGHT -iT TO rOG sHES-RAB-'OD. nOW
         ThERE HAVE BEEN TWO l-iNEAGES -iN T11E SCHOOL OF RmAH ThAT OF
         ThE wORD/ AND ThAT OF ThE mEAN-iNG. tHE EXPOS-iT-iON O~ ThE
         mEAN-iNG (DON-KHR-iD) -iNCLUD~D 1 6 LAG-KHR-iD OR PRACT-iCAL GU-iDES.
         tHE l-iNEAGE OF ThE wORD CONTA-iNED ThE C-iTTOTPâƒDA/ A
         SULNMARY (STON-ThUN)/ A M-iSCELLANY (KHA-/ThOR)/ ThAT ~WH-iCB
         H-iTS ThE MOUTh A~LD ThE NOSE" (KHAR-PHOG SNAR-PHOG)/ MEAN-iNG
         CR-iT-iC-iSM OF ThE PO-iNT OF V-iEW OF OThERS/ AND ThE ~EXTENS-iVE'/
         (EXPOS-iT-iON/ MTLLAR-RGYAS). tHE cHAPTER ON ThE SCHOOL OF RmA.
            tHE sCHOOL OF sO wHEN A GREAT FAM-iNE TOOK PLACE
         -iLL ThAT REG-iON/ A FAM-iLY OF NAT-iVES OF rA-MO CAME TO BEG FOR
         FOOD. tHERE WERE TWO BROThERS. tHE EiDER BROThER/ BECAUSE OF
         H-iS SMALL STATURE/ WAS CALLED sO-CHUng-BA (sO/~ThE l-iTTLE oNE~
         tHE YOLLNGER BE-iNG TALL WAS CALLED sO-T-iNS/ OR ~sO/ ThE
         tALL oNE'/. sO-CHUng BA (sO-CHUng DgE-/DUN-/BAR/ AiSO CALLED
         dANL-PA sO) WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR wATER-mALE-t-iGER (CHU-
         PHO-STAG--~O62 a.d.). wHEN HE WAS ABOUT TEN/ ThEY WENT
         TO yAR-STOD SkYER-SNA ON A BEGG-iNG ROUND. RmA-SGON1 SA-iD
                                                                          p.877
         TO ThEMH ~lET Th-iS EiDER BOY FOLLOW ME! i ShALL G-iVE H-iM
         FOOD AND CLOTh-iNG". sO ThEY iEFT H-iM W-iTh (RmA-SGOM).
         tHE FAM-iLY PROCEEDED TO yAR-KLUR;S. tHERE TmA-SGOM
         ORDA-iNED sO/ AND GAVE H-iM ThE NAME O~ DgE-'DUN-'BAR. aT
         ThE AGE O~ 1 L/ HE SAW FO. A BR-iEF MOMENT ThE ~CE OF ~AM-
         PA/ WHO HAD COME TO MEET RmA. sOME YEARS AFTET dAM-PA'S
         DEP~RTURE/ RmA-SGOM FELT SL-iGHTLY -iND-iSPOSED/ AND ThOUGHT OF
         FOLLOW-iNG AFTER dAM-PA. hAV-iNG TAKEN sO-CHUng-BA W-iTh
         H-iM/ HE PROCEEDED ThERE. wHEN ThE TWO WERE STAY-iNG -iN ThE
         LOWER VALLEY OF rAG-MA/ AND dAM-PA WAS STAY-iNG AT bYE-KHUD
         OF 'pHAN-YUL/ sO-CHUng-BA HAPPENED To V-iS-iT ThAT PLACE (ON ~
         BEGG-iNG ROUND). dAM-PA ALSO CAME ThERE. fROM ThE
         D-iSTANCE OF ~HREE F-iELDS/ dAM-PA ShOUTEDH ~0! HOW HAPPY
         i AM! mY BOY (TS-i-LU) HAS COME HETE!'' AND HE RAN TOWARDS
         sO-CHUN-BA. gTASP-iNG ThE HAND OF s~C~HUR;-BA/ HE SA-iDH
         ~yOU HAVE BEEN MY D-iSC-iPLE DUR-iNG ThREE REB-iRThS! nOW
         YOU MUST ~OLLOW A~TER ME!" AND SAY-iNG SO TOOK H-iLN TO bYE-
         KHUD. tHERE AFTET A MERE -iNTRODUCT-iON TO H-iS OWN m-iND (N~
         SPROD MEANS TO -iNTRODUCE ONE TO H-iS OWN m-iND. iN ANC-iENT
         t-iBET REL-iG-iOUS -iNSTRUCT-iONS ALWAYS BEGAN W-iTh ThE -iNTRODUCT-iON
         OF ThE D-iSC-iPLE TO H-iS OWN m-iND/ ThAT -iS/ EXPLA-iN-iNG TO ThE
         D-iSC-iPLE ThE NATURE OF H-iS m-iND) (H-iS UNDERSTAND-iNG) BECAME
    (5B) S-iM-iLAR TO dAWN. sO-CHUN-BA ThUS OBTA-iNED A GREAT AND -iMMA-
         CULATE UNDERSTAND-iNG. aFTER H-iS RETURN ThERE/ RmA AND HE/ ThE
         D-iSC-iPLE/ WERE ONCE GR-iND-iNG CORN/ AND sO-CHUN-BA HAV-iNG LE~T
         ThE HANDLE OF ThE GR-iND-iNG STONE/ TEMA-iNED STAR-iNG FOR A CONS-i-
         DERABLE T-iME. RmA SA-iD TO H-iMH ~'wHAT HAS HAPPENED TO YOU?
         d-iD dAM-PA BESTOW PTECEPTS ON YOU?" RmA ThOUGHT ThAT
         dAM-PA MUST HAVE G-iVEN H-iM (ThE PTECEPTS).tHEN ThE tEACHER
         (RmA) AND D-iSC-iPLE (sO-CHUng-BA) PROCEEDED TO ThE RES-iDENCE
         OF dAM-PA/ AND dAM-PA BESTOWED AGA-iN SEVERAL H-iDDEN PRE-
         CEPTS ON RmA. WHO SA-iDH ~'nOW WE/ tEACHER AND D-iSC-iPLE/
         ShOULD REEURN TO (ouT) NAT-iVE PLACE." bUT sO-CHUN-BA REPL-iEDH
         ~ i ShALL ASK dAM-PA FOR ONE H-iDDEN PRECEPT.'' RmA SA-iD TO
         H-iMH ~tHE PRECEPT CAN BE G-iVEN BY ME. yOU HAD BETTER
         RETURN." tHEN sO-CHUng-BA REPL-iEDH ~yOU/ tEACHER/ ShOULD
                                                                          p.878
         GO F-iRST. i S!1ALL FOLLOW AFTER Y~OU -iN ABOUT A MONTh'S T-iME."
         sO-CHUng-BA D-iD NOT GO. tHEN dAM-PA BESTO~ ED ON H-iM ThE
         COMPLETE PRECEPTS OF T1LE l-iN~AGE O~ ~LEAN-iNG (DON-BRGYUD).
         hE ATTENDED ON dAM-PA WLLER~VER TBE iATTER WENT/ AND dAM-
         PA BESTOWED OL~ H-iM T~E LL-iDDEN PRECEPTS OF ThE ~4 MALE AND
         FEMALE S-iDDHAS. ~LE ASKED (dAM-PA'S) PERM-iSS-iON TO COMM-iT
         TL~ESE TOWR-iT-iNG/ AND ON RECE-iV-iNG TNE LATTER'S PERM-iSS-iON/ WROTE
         ThEM DOWN ON ThE MARG-iNS OF A pRAJNâƒPâƒRAM-iT⃠('bUM) WL~-iCL
         BELONGED TO DtAR-KHA RdO-R~E-GRAGS. tHEN HE ATTENDED ON
         dAM-PA DUR-iNG ThE LATTER/S JOURNEYS/ AND. WLLEN ThEY LLAD
         REACHED kHA-RAG/ dAM-PA SA-iD TO H-iMH yOU MUST RETURN!"
         AND HE REPL-iEDH ~i ShALL SERVE ON YOU W~LEREVER YOU GO !"
         dAM-PA SA-iD ~ yOU WON'T BE ABLE TO FOLLOW AFTER ME!"
         AND dAM-PA D-iSAPPEARED W-iTh-iN A MOLMELLT. tH-iS WAS ThE
         ~-iME OF dAM-PA/S GO-iNG T~ cH-iNA. sO-CHUng-BA RETURNED.
         iN ORDER TO TEST ThE POWER O~ H-iS 2V~-iND (R-iG-PA-I TSLLAD L~A-BA/
         TO TEST ONE/S OWN M-iND)/ HE MED-iTATED ON ThE TONGUE OF A
         1)E11 AT ThE ~O-KHAN OF lHA-SA/ AND ThE BELL BEGAN TO R-iNG BY
         -iTSELF. hE CONDUCTED ' MANY S-iM-iLAR TESTS (TShAD-LTA). hE
         ThEN PROCEEDED TO yAR-KLUNS/ AND Th-iNK-iNG ThAT HE ShOLLLD
         PRESENT ThE PRECEPTS TO RmA/ WENT TO RmA/S RES-iDENCE AT DBu-
         RA. hE SA-iD TO H-iMH ~nOW Th-iS m-iND O~ M-iNE -iS NOT H-iN-
         DERED BY ANYTh-iNG." RmA REPL-iED MOCK-iNGLYH ~yOU WOULD
    (6A) DO BETTER TO ~EED YOUR PARENTS WHO ARE BEGG-iNG.// sO-CHUN-BA
         OBTA-iNED A CLEAR V-iS-iON OF ThE DEMONS AND VAR-iOUS A-iLMENTS
         WH-iCH WERE AFFL-iCT-iNG S-iCK MEN/ AND PERFORMED MANY R-iTES OT
         SUBDU-iNG DEMONS (/DRE-'DUL). hE COLLCCTED LARGE FEES (FOR
         ThESE R-iTES) AND ThUS ACQU-iRED MUCH PROPERTY W-iTh WH-iCH HE
         BOUGHT SOME LANDED PROPERTY AT yAR-MDA/ (lOWER yAR-KLUR;S)/
         AND SETTLED H-iS PARENTS AND BROThER ON -iT. aGA-iN AT Sâ¥ON-
         CHUng OF bYAR HE MARR-iED H-iS BROThER sO-R-ingS-PA/ AND KEPT
         ThE OThER AT yAR-MDA/. hE ENTRUSTED ThE BOOK CONTA-iN-iNG ThE
         PRECEPTS OF ThE 54 MALE AND FEMALE S-iDDHAS TO (LL-iS MOThER)
         sHUD-MO sHâƒK-SGRON/ BUT ShE DAMAGED ThE BOOK/ AND -iN Th-iS
         MANNER (ThE PRECEPTS) OF E-iGHT l-iNEAGES WERE LOST. oThERS WERE
         TLLELL D-iSCOVCRED G-iV-iNG M-iNUTE DETA-iLS/ PROBABLY WR-iTTEN DOWN
                                                                          p.879
         BY sO-CHUng-BA H-iMSELF. lATER /cHUS-PA dAR-BRTSON PUT ThEM
         -iNTO VERSE AND CALLED ThEM ThE '~tHREE hOLY pERSONS--ThE
         sEN-iOR/ ThE m-iDDLE oNE AND ThE LUN-iOR (dAM-PA SKYES-MCHOG
         CHE-'BR-iR.-CHUng-GSUM)." sO-CLLUL-i-BA HAV-iNG LLEARD TLLAT dAM-
         PA WAS RES-iD-iNG A~ d-ing-R-i/ TOOK W-iTh H-iM ThREE GOLDEN SRAngS/
         AND A GOOD HORSE/ WH-iCH HE H~D RECE-iVED FOR CUR-iNG AN -iNVAL-iD/
         AND WENT TO d-ing-R-i. (hE FOUND) dLM-~A AM-iDST A CROWD/
         AND HE ThREW ThE CHREE GOLDEN SRAngS ON TLLE LAP OF d3M-PA.
         tHEN OVERPOWERED BY JOV/ HE JUM~ED ON ThE iAP OF dAM-PA
         AND PULLED OUT ONE OF ThE LATTER'S BA-iRS. pEOPLE ShOUTEDH
         ~bEAT H-iM! bEAT H-iM~"/ BUT dAM-PA SA-iDH "dON'T BEAT
         H-iM! hE POSSESSES A GOOD PROTECTOR (MEAN-iNG sO-CHUN-BA WAS
         PROTECTED BY MANY CLHARMAPâƒLAS).'' tHE GOLD WAS SNATCHED
         ;~WAY BY A WOMAN/ SOME SA-iD ThAT -iT WAS TAKEN AWAY BY
         sUKHAS-iDDHL AS PAYMENT FOR A tANTR-iC ~EAST (GAnACAKRA) TO BE
         HELD BY DâƒK-iNLS. tHEN (sO-CHUN-BA) RA-iS-iNG H-iMSELF FROM
         ThE LAP OF dAM-PA/ SANG A SONG/ AND ALL PRESENT RECOGN-iZED
         -iN H-iM A S-iDDHA. aT ThAT T-iME dAM-PA BESTOWED ON H-iM
         ThE ~i PRECEPTS R~UMOV-iNG DOUBTS (MThA'-SEL iNA-BCU-RTSA-GC-iG).
         aFTER ThAT HE JOURNEYED TO DBuS. oN ONE OCCAS-iON dAM-PA
         WAS ASKED ABOUT H-iS SUCCESSOR/ AND SA-iDH ~iF sO-CHUN BA WERE
         TO TAKE -i~ OVER/ (-iN Th-iS COUNTRY) QUARTZ (DKAR-GON~ WOULD
         CHANGE -iNTO BUTT~R/ BR-iCKS -iNTO MEAT/ ARLD ARTEM-iS-iA (MKHAN PA)
    (6B) -iNTO BARLEY/ BUT HE FEELS ATTACHED TO A P-iECE OF DOG'S
         EXCREMENT/ AND WON'T STAY L-ERE." tHE STORY OF ThE MEET-iNG
         OF ThE HERM-iT (SGOM-CHEN) SmON-LAM /BAR W-iTh sO-CHUN-BAH
         tH-iS sHA-M-i BELONGED TO ThE CLAN O~ ~A-M-i. hE WAS BORN
         -iN ThE VALLEY OF UPPER gUN-ThAng MGON-PO -iN ThE YEAR wOOD-
         fEMALE-oX (S-iN-MO-GLAN_LO8S a. d.). hE OBTA-iNED
         YRECEPTS FROM SkOR n-i-RU-PA WHO HAD COME TO RgYA-SMAN/
         AND A SL-iGHT (A-TO) CONCENTRAT-iON WAS YRODUCED -iN H-iM.
         sO-CHUng-BA ALSO CAME ThERE/ AND MET H-iM. sO-CHUng
         BA SA-iD. ~tH-iS MED-iTAT-iON OF YOURS -iS S-iM-iLAR TO A ~UMP
         COVERED BY SNOW! i DON/T KNOW WHEThER Th-iS -iS A LUMP OF
         EARTh/ OR A STONE. bUT i POSSESS A GENU-iNE PRECEPT OF
         dAM-PA sANS-RGYAS. w-iLL YOU FOLLOW ME ? ' / sHA-M-i SA-iD;
                                                                          p.880
         "i AM READY TO GO." tHUS HE ATTENDED ON sO-CHUng-BA WH~LE
         ThE LATTER WAS WANDER-iNG ThROUGH G~;LAL AND OThER D-iSTR-iCTS/ AND
         CARR-i~D ON H-iS BACK ThE PRESENTS RECE-iVED BY sO-CHUng-BA. hE
         ATTENDED ON H-iM FOR A CONS-iDERABLE T-imE/ BUT D-iD NOT GET
         PRECEPTS. oN ONE OCCAS-iON WHEN ThE tEACHER AND D-iSC-i-
         PLE WERE JOURNEY-iNG FROM /pHAN-YUL/ ThE tEACHER HAV-iNG
         F-iLLED AN EMPTY PACKET OF BROWN SUGAR WLTh STONES/ LOADED -iT
         ON sHA-M-i/ SAY-iNGH ~tH-iS BROWN SUGAR ShOULD BE ~ATEN BY
         US/ tEACHER AND D-iSC-iPLE/ AFTER REACH-iNG StOD-LUNS FROM Th-iS
         PLACE/'. hE CARR-iED -iT AND FEiT ~-iRED. sO-CHUng-BA ASKED
         H-i~NaH ~aREN'T YOU T-iRED?" hE REPL-iED ThAT HE WAS. sO.
         CHUng-BA ThEN SA-iDH ~wELL/ i ShALL REST"/ AND SAY-iNG SO/ sO-
         CHUng-BA SAT DOWN CROSS-LEGGED ON A MEADOW. hE FELT SL-iGHTLY
         REL-iEVED. wHEN ThEY HAD REACHED RHE SULNM-iT OF ThE pASS/
         sO-CHUR;-BA SA-iDH tH-iS W-iLL BE OF NO USE'// AND HE ThREW
         AWAY ~ HE STONES (CONTA-iNED -iN ThE PACKET). tHEN/ WHEN
         ThE tEACHER AND D-iSC-iPLE WERE STAY-iNG -iN ThE HOUSE OF A NAT-iVE
         OF StOD-LUR;S/ ~A-M-i ThOUGHT -iN ThE EVEN-iNG ThAT Th-iS MAN HAD
         SURELY NO PRECEPTS/ AND ThAT HE ShOULD GO TO ANOThER TEACHER.
         aBOUT M-iDN-iGHT ANOThER ThOUGHT CAME TO H-iMH ~sOMET-iMES
         ~H-iS MAN SEEMS TO KNOW SOME OF MY ThOUGHTS/ SO PERHAPS HC
         POSSESSES SOME PRECEPTS."
            aT DAWN ~A-M-i DEC-iDED ThAT HE WOULD ATTEND ON H-iM/ AND
         WOULD SEE WHEThER HE WOULD G-iVE H-iM PRCCEPTS. iN ThE
         MORN-iNG sO~HUR;-BA SA-iDH ~0 SmON-LAM-'BAR/ YOUR ThOUGHT
         -iN ThC EVEN-iNG WAS OF NO USE/ BUT ThAT OF M-iD-d-iGHT W~S BETTER/
         AND ThAT OF dAWN WAS R-iGHT". sO HE REMA-iNED W-iTh sO-CHUN-
         BA. oN ONE OCCAS-iON sO-CHUN-BA HAV-iNG EATEN H-iS FOOD PR-i-
         VATELY/ SA-iD TO ~A-M-iH ~ tH-iS MOTN-iNG A MAN -iS OT~ER-iNG FOOD
         TO ThE tEACHER AND D-iSC-iPLE. lET US PROCEED ThERE ! " wHEN
         ~HEY HAD REACHED ThE DOOR/ (ThE tEACHER SA-iD)H ~tH-iS -iSN-iT
         ThE HOUSE/// AND (GO-iNG FURThER) ThE tEACHER AGA-iN SA-iDH
         ~-itH-iS -iSN/~ ThE HOUSE//' SO ThAT ThE WHOLE DAY WAS SPENT BY
         sHA-M-i W-iThOUT FOOD. gO-iNG BACK sHA-M-i FELT ANGRY. aGA-iN
         ON ONC OCCAS-iON/ WHEN sHA-M-i HAD COME BACK FROM WORK ON
         HCHALF OF sO-CHUN-BA/ HE (FOUND) A STRANGER W-iTLL sO-CHUN-BA.
                                                                          p.881
         (~A-M-i HCARD) sO-CHUN-BA TELL-iNG (ThAT MAN) -iN A LOW VO-iCEH
         ~SmON-LAM-'BAR HAS COME ! h-iDE YOUR Th-iNGS/ HE M-iGHT STEAL
         ThEM!" sA-M-i ThOUGHT TO H-iMSELFH ~i HAVC BEEN ATTEND-iNG ON
         H-iM FOR SUCH A LONG T-iME/ AND HAVE ACTED HONESTLY/ AND ST-iLL
         HC SAYS SUCH Th-iNGS ABOUT ME!// a V-iOLENT ANGER ROSE -iN H-iM/
         AND TAK-iNG OUT H-iS DAGGER HE DAShED TOWARDS sO-CHUN-BA.
         sO-CHUng-BA ESCAPED TO ThE STORE-ROOM AND LOCKED ThE DOOR
         (BEH-iND H-iM). wLLEN sHA-M-i HAD COME AGA-iNST ThE DOOR/ sO-
         CHUN-BA SA-iD FROM -iNS-iDEH ~o SmON-LAM-/BAR! yOUR m-iND
         -iS NOW F-iLLED W-iTh ANGER. lOOK AT -iT!" SmON-LAM-'BAR HAD A
         LOOK AT H-iS OWN m-iND/ AND A PURE UNDERSTAND-iNG OF ThE UN-
         VE-iLED NATURE OF ThE m-iND WAS PTODUCED -iN H-iM. gREAT WAS
         H-iS JOY/ AND GRASP-iNG W-iTh BOTh HANDS ThE FL~PS OF H-iS COAT/ HE
         BEGAN TO DANCE AND S-iNGH "o YOU mERC-iFUL oNE (sO-CHUH-
         BA)! yA/-i!
            o YOU SK-iLFUL -iN METhOD! ya'i!
            o YOU W-iSC ONE! ya'i!"
            sO-CHUN-BA ThEN OPENED ThE DOOR/ AND CAME OUT SAY-iNGH
            "fORMERLY i ATTEMPED TO PROVOKE YOUR ANGER BY VAT-iOUS ME~NS/
         BUT ThE ANGER D-iD NOT GROW STRONG.// tHEN HE BESTOWED ON H-iM
         ThE COMPLETE H-iDDEN PRECEPTS. hE FOLLOWED ON sO-CHU~-BA
         T-iLL ThE LATTET'S DEATh -iN ThE YEAR eARTh-aPE (SA-SPTE--1128
    (7B) a.d.) AT ThE AGE OF 67. hE ThUS SETVED ON H-iM FOR 34 YEARS
         W-iThOUT -iNTERRUPT-iON (BAR-MED). hE ThCN BU-iLT H-iMSELF A HUT
         AT BzAN-GROH T~HUGS-KHA/ AND MADE H-iS ~ED ON ThE ROOF ~OF ThE
         BUT). iNS-iDE ThE HUT HE PLACED GOATS. hC SPENT H-iS T-iME
         MERELY GAThCR-iNG COWDUNG AND PLAY-iNG W-i~ CH-iLDREN ThROW-
         -iNG STONES/ BUT BECAUSE OF ~-iS GREAT -iNNER PETFECT-iON/ H-iS F~ME
         BECAME GTEAT. hC PA5SCD AW~Y AT ThE AGE OF 87 -iN ThE YEAR
         iRON-hARE (iCAGS-YOS--1 171 a.d.). tHOUG~L 1 H~D SCEN Th~
         l-iFE-STOR-iCS (TNAM-ThAR) OF H-iS ThREE D-iSC-iPLES /~HHUS-PA dAR-
         BRTSON/ mEL-KA-BA-CAN-PA AND MtH-iN-GAN-BA sER-TShUL/ i D-iD
         NOT SEE ThE ~l-iFE-STOR-iES/' OF ThE OThETS/ SUEH AS lUG-TO ~-iG-PO
         AND OThETS. wHEN sHAHM-i WAS TES-iD-iNG -iN ThE LOWET PART OF
         StOD-LUNS/ /~HUS-PA dAR-BTTSON CAME TO ASK H-iM FOT SECTET
         PTECEPTS. hE SENT -iN WORD ThAT HE HAD COME TO ASK FOT PTE-
                                                                          p.882
         CEPTS/ BUT ThE tCACHER D-iD NOT EVEN PERM-iT H-iM TO ENTER -iN-
         S-iDE. '~HUS-PA STAYED FOR SEVERAL DAYS -iN ThE V-iC-iN-iTY OF (~A-
         M-i'S) HOUSE AND PAT-iEN~LY WA-iTED (FOR A CHANCE TO MEET ThE
         tEACHER). oNCE AN ALMS-G-iVER CAME To -iNV-iTE ~A-M-i TO ATTEND
         A REL-iG-iOUS FEST-iVAL (CHOS-STON) -iN ThE COMPANY OF SEVERAL
         KALYANA-M-iTTAS. ~A-M-i SA-iDH ~'L ShALL NOT GO. tHE ACâƒRYA
         t-iN-/DZ-iN W-iLL BE COM-iNG/ AND W-iLL GET ANGTY (AT SEE-iNG ME
         ThERE)"/ BUT H-iS W-iFE SA-iDH ~yOU ShOULD ACCEPT ThE -iNV-iTAT-iON.
         iF YOU WERE TO TAKE ThE MONK WHO STAYED OUTS-iDE OUR HOUSE/
         HE M-iGHT BE A MATCH FOR H-iM (MEAN-iNG t-iN-'DZ-iN)." ~wEii/'/
         SA-iD (~A-M-i)/ ~ASK H-iM !/' sHE ThEN SA-iD TO '~HUS-PAH ~LF JOU
         WCRE TO GO AS ATTENDANT OF ThE tEACHER TO-DAY/ WOULD YOU BE
         ABLE TO CONTEST W-iTh AN ACARYA NAMED t-iN-/DZ-iN?/'--'~LT CAN
         BE DONE/" REPL-iED sA-M-i. tHEN ThE tEACHER AND D-iSC-iPLE
         STARTED ON ThE-iR JOURNEY/ AND REACHED ThE ALMS-G-iVER'S HOUSE.
         sOON AFTER ThE âƒCARYA t-iN-'DZ-iN ALSO CAME ThETE ACCOMPAN-iED
         BY ABOUT F-iVE D-iSC-iPLES. t-iN-/DZ-iN SA-iDH ~o SmON-LAM-'BAR
         HAS ALSO COME HERE ! (iMAG-iNE) A MAN L-iKE H-iM AT ThE HEAD OF
         ThE ASSEMBLY ROW//. '~HUS-PA SA-iDH ~h-iS (MY tEACHER'S) CONS-
         TRUCT-iVE ThOUGHTS (w-iKALPA) HAVE BEEN DESTROYED/ (ThEREFORE)
         MY tEACHER W-iLL NOT DEL-iVER A D-iSCOURSE ON ThE dOCTR-iNE.
         (iNSTEAD) i ShALL TRY TO G-iVE A FA-iRLY PLEAS~NT D-iSCOURSE ON
         REL-iG-iON". t-iN-'DZ-iN SA-iDH ~lET US HAVE -iT ! i AM -iN ThE
         HAB-iT OF NO~ ASK-iNG QUEST-iONS FROM OThERS. yOU PUT QUEST-iONS
         TO ME//. /~HUS-PA HAV-iNG MASTERED PREV-iOUSLY ThE ~s-iX
    (8A) tREAT-iSCS OF ThE mADHYAMAKA SYSTEM"/ PUT H-iM ThE FOLLOW-iNG
         QUCST-iONaH ~wELL/ ACCOTD-iNG To ThE mâƒDHYAMAKA DOCTT-iNE
         (-i.E. ThE pRASANNAPADA) ThERE CANNOT EX-iST A COMMON GROUND
         FOR D-iSCUSS-iON (BETWEEN) ThOSE WHO HAVE UNDERSTOOD ThE ~EAL
         NATURE OF ThE mADHYAMAKA (-i.C. ThE NOT-iON OF ~UNYATA)/ AND
         ThOSC WHO D-iD NOT UNDCRSTAND -iT. wHAT -iS (ThE MEAN-iNG) OF
         Th-iS (RULE? ?" (iN ThE HRST CHAPTER OF ThE pRASANNAPADA/
         cANDRAKLRT-i EXPLA-iNED Th-iS ABSENCE OF COMMON GROUND -iN A
         D-iSCUSS-iON W-iTh ThE ACARYA bHâƒVAV-iVEKA. aCCORD-iNG TO bHâƒVA-
         V-iVEKA ThERE MUST EX-iST A COMMON GTOUND/ BUT cANDRAKâŒTT-i
         REJECTED Th-iS PO-iNT OF ~-iEW. tH-iS WAS ThE MA-iN PO-iNT OF
                                                                          p.883
         D-iSAGREEMENT BETWEEN ThE sVATANTR-iKAS AND ThE pRASANG-iKAS.
         tSOR;-KHA-PA STATED ThAT Th-iS RULE WAS ThE MOST D-iFF-iCULT OF ALL
         TO UNDERSTAND. lAM-R-iM CHEN/PO/ FOL. 28GA). t-iR;-'DZ-iN
         WAS UNABLE TO REPLY ANYTh-iNG. SgOM-SMON (~A-M-i) ThEN
         SUDDENLY ROSE FROM H-iS SEAT AND ShOUTEDH "yOU TAKE -iT ! yOU
         EAT -iT !/' AND DARLCED ABOUT. aT Th-iS MOMENT ThE ALMS-G-iVET
         CAME -iN/ AND SE-i~-iNG /(~HUS-PA BY ThE COLLAR/ HE ShOUTEDH
         ~tH-iS WRETCHED MONK HAS CAUSED A QUARREL BET~EEN MY TWO
         TEACHERS. i ShALL DR-iVE H-iM OUT. SgOM.SMON (~A-M-i~ SA-iDH
         ~yOU HAVE ADM-iTTED H-iS F-iVE D-iSC-iPLES/ AND -iF YOU W-iLL NOT
         KEEP MY ONLY D-iSC-iPLC/ i ShALL ALSO BE GO-iNG". tHE ALMS-~-iVET
         ThEN SA-iDH ~wELL ThEN/ STAY ON !// aFTER F-iN-iSh-iNG ThE TEL-i-
         G-iOUS FEST-iVAL/ ThEY STARTED ON ThE-iR RETURN JOUTNEY/ AND SgOM-
         SMON TOLD '~HUS-PAH ~yOUR D-iSCOURSE PLEASCD ME MORE ThAN
         ThE OEFER-iNG OF ;~ ~ULL MEASURE ('BRE) OF GOLD-SAND. i ShALL
         BESTOW PRCCEPTS ON YOU"/ AND SAY-iNG SO HE TOOK H-iM -iNS-iDE
         H-iS HOUSE. fOR MANY DAYS ThEY SLEPL KEEP-iNG ThE-iR HEADS
         TOGEThER/ AND CARR-iED ON EXTENS-iVE REL-iG-iOUS D-iSCUSS-iONS. ~A-M-i
         BESTOWED ON H-iM ThC COMPLETE SCCRET PRECEPTS. '~HHU~PA
         TAUGHT (ThE dOCTR-iNE) TO H-iS OWN SON '~HHUS-PA BRtSON-
         'GRUS SER;-GE. tHE LATTER TAUGHT -iT TO ThC GREAT SCHOLAR
         rOG ~ES-RAB-/OD. aGA-iN sO/CHUN-BA TAUGHT -iT To H-iS YOUNGER
         BROThER (sO-SKU R-iR;S). tHE LATTER TAUGHT -iT TO ThE BLA-MA
         SpAR; OF bYAR. tHE LATTER TAUGHT -iT TO/~HHUS-PA/ FAEBER
         AND SON. aGA-iN sO( CHUN-BA) T~UGHT -iT TO ~A-M-i. tHE LATTER
         To ~HE KALAYANA-M-iTRA idE'U. tKE LATTET TAUGHT -iT TO RgYAL-BA
         DkON-SKYABS/ WHO TAUGHT -iT TO rOG. aGA-iN/ ~A-M-i TAUGHT -iT
         TO MtH-iN-GAN-PA. tHC LATTCT TAUGHT -iT TO SpAN BZANS-PA
         bA-R-i SGOM-CHEN. tHE LATTCR TAUGHT -iT TO 'pHRAR;-KHA ~BTSUN.
         tHOUGH i WAS UNA61E TO ESTABL-iSh ThE DATES (LO-GRAR;S) OF ThESE
         ThREE/ (-iT -iS KNOWN) ThAT ~A M-i HAD PASSED AWAY -iN ThE YEAR
         iTON-hARE (iCAGS-YOS--1171 a.d.) AT Th~ AGE OF 87. tHE
         F-iRST ThREE YEARS FROM ThE YEAR wATER-dRAGON (CHU-'BRUG--
         1 172 a.d.) To ThE YEAR wATER-mALE-~ORSE (CHU-PHO-RTA--
         1222 a.d.) SEEM TO HAVE BEEN ThE T-iME OF ThESE ThREE
         tEACHERS.
                                                                          p.884
            nOW/ ThE dHATMASVâƒM-iN OF Gâ¥AN PO--'bYUN-GNAS YE-SE~
         WAS BORN-iN ThC YEAR eARTh-mALE-hOTSE (SA-PHO-RTA--1198
         a.d.) AND L-iVED FOT 67 YEARS/ T-iLL ThE YEAR wOOD-mALE-mOUSE
         (S-iR;-PHO-BY-i BA--L 264 a.d.). sAngS-TGYAS SGOM-PA bYAN-
    (8B) CHUB TDO-RjE WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAT f-iRE-mALE-mOUSE (ME-PHO-
         BY-i-BA--1216 a.d.~ AND L-iVED FOR 66 YEARS/ T-iLL EHE YEAR
         iRON-fEMALE-sERPENT (iCAGS-MO-SBRUL--1 28 L a.d.). nOW ThE
         dHARMASVâƒM-iN OF RgYA-BRAG--yE-SES-~ZON-NUH HE WAS BOTN -iN
         ThE f-iRE-fEMALE-sERPENT (ME-MO-SBNLL--1 257 a.d.) AND D-iED
         AT ThE AGE OF 71 -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-fEMALE-hARE (ME-MO-YOS--
         1327 a.d.). tHE PURUsOTTAMA (SKYES-MCHOG) BsAM-GTAN
         DPAL-PA WAS BORN AT yAR-/BROG BTAN-MDA' -iN ThE YEAR iRON-
         hARE (iCAGS-YOS--129i a.d.) AND L-iVED FOR 76 YEARS/ T-iLL ThE
         f-iRE-mALE-hORSE (ME-PHO-RTA--1366 a.d.). hAV-iNG BEEN
         ORDA-iNED/ WH-iLE HE WAS STAY-iNG AMONG ThE -iNMATES OF ~O-STAN
         TShOGS-CHEN-MO/ HE WENT ON ONE OCCAS-iON AS ATTENDANT O~
         ThE MAHâƒ-UPâƒDHYâƒYA T~HOS-KY-i RGYAL-MTShAN-PA. tHE MAHâƒ-
         UPADHYâƒYA D-iED/ HAV-iNG ~ALLEN ~ROM H-iS HORSE. hE FELT GREAT
         SADNESS/ AND HAV-iNG GONE AWAY/ HE ASSOC-iATED H-iMSELF W-iTh
         TBE UPâƒDLLYâƒYA G~ON-R-iN/ AND V-iS-iTED ThE RgYA-BRAG dHARMAS-
         VAM-iN yE-SES GZON-NU/ WHO WAS RES-iD-iNG -iN ThE UPPERPART
         (PHU) OF lAN-PA -iN 'pHAN-YUL. aS SOON AS ThEY HAD REACHED
         ThE LOWER PATT OF TL -iS VALLEY/ LiE FELT ThE WONDER~UL SCEM OF
         MORAL-iTY (PERVAD-iNG -iT). hE ASKEDH '~fR-iEND G~ON-R-iN/ DO
         YOU FEEL -iT?/// AND ThE LATTER REPL-iEDH ~i DON/T FEEL -iT/ BUT -iT
         -iS PROBABLY ThE SCENT OF ThE ROSE-BUShES''.
            aS SOON AS HE SAW ThE FACE (OF yE-SES GZON-NU)/ A ~REAT
         DEVOT-iON WAS BORN -iN H-iM. aFTER ThAT HE RCCE-iVED AN -iNTRODUC-
         T-iON -iNTO ThC TEACHLNG OF ThE ~l-iNEAGE OF mEAN-iNG" (DON-
         BTGYUD). sOON AFTET AN CXCELLENT UNDERSTAND-iNGWAS PRODUCCD
         -iN BsAM-GTAN-DPAL. hC ALSO HAD A V-iS-iON OF ThE tCACHER
         AS bUDDHA. aFTER ThAT/ W-iThOUT PRACT-iS-iNG MUCH PENANCE
         HE BECAME A lORD OF yOGA (RNAL-'BYOR-GY-i DBAng-PHYUG
         yOGESVARA)/ AND WHEREVER HE WENT/ NUMEROUS D-iSC-iPLES iQOCKED
         TO H-iM. hE AMASSED A LARGE PROPERTY. hE PROCEEDED RO
         tSA-R-i/ AND ThERE HAD COUNTLESS PURE V-iS-iON~ (DAG-PA/-i SNAng-
                                                                          p.885
         BA~. iN EVERY HERM-iTAGE/ WHERE HE STAYED/ HE PRACT-iSED ThE
         METhOD OF pROFOUND tEACH-iNG. lATER HE FOUNDED ON ThE
         SAME DAY ThE yAB-CHOS-SD-ingS AND ThE SgO-MO-CHOS-SD-ingS
         MONASTER-iES/ -iN WH-iCH COUNTLESS MALE AND FEMALE YOG-iNS
         GAThERED. a MERE REC-iTAL OF HYMNS CAUSED ALL TO BE F-iLLED
         W-iTh UNDERSTAND-iNG. aT ThE FOOT OF ThE MOUNTA-iN/ ThE
         PLACE WAS F-iLLED W-iTh SMALL HUTS/ WH-iCH COULD ACCOMMODATE
         ONE HERM-iT ONLY. tHOUGH ThETE WAS HARDLY A K-iND OF
    (9A) PROPERTY WH-iCH D-iD NOT REACH H-iS HANDS/ HE PERSONALLY D-iD
         NOT OWN EVEN A S-iNGLE NEEDLE ANL ThREAD. hE D-iD NOT D-iS-
         CR-iM-iNATE BETWEEN ThOSE WHO OFFERED H-iM A ThOUSAND ZOS AND
         ThOSE WHO OF~ERED H-iM A NEEDLE W-iTh ThREAD/ AND RECE-iVED ALL
         OF ThEM W-iTh TEA AND ENTERTA-iNMENT. aLL ThE TEACHERS AND
         D-iSC-iPLES SUBS-iSTED ON BEGG-iNG TOUNDS ONLY/ AND D-iD NOT OWN
         EVEN A F-iELD OF ThE S-iZE OF A BLANKET FOR ThE UPKEEP OF ThE
         MONASTERY. iN ThE BEG-iNN-iNG/ ThOUGH HE D-iD NOT ENGAGE
         -iN EXTENS-iVE STUD-iES/ (H-iS) W-iSDOM ShONE FORTh FROM -iNS-iDE
         H-iM/ AND HE WAS ABLE TO PRESETVE ThE l-iNEAGES OF MANY
         SCHOLARS. hE BECAME FAMOUS/ AND WHEN HE RECE-iVED AN
         -iNV-iTAT-iON TO ThE iMPER-iAL cOURT/ HE -iGNORED -iT/ AND REMA-iNCD
         AT H-iS OWN RES-iDENCE. wHEN ThE dHARMASVAM-iN/ ThE aLL-
         KNOW-iNG (KUN-MKHYEN) ~NAN-PA CAME TO lHA-SA/ HE SA-iDH
         "yOU HAVE COME HERE L lET US D-iSCUSS ThE dOCTR-iNE." bUT HE
         REPL-iEDH "i HAVE REMOVED ALL MY DOUBTS REGARD-iNG ThC cAUSE/
         ThE pATh AND eFFECT OF eNL-iGHTENMENT -iN FRONT OF MY TEACHER/
         ThE bUDDHA. iT -iS NOT NECESSARY FOR ME TO PUT ANY QUEST-iONS TO
         ANY ONE/" AND SO HE D-iD NOT GO. aFTER Th-iS ALL ThE -iNMATES/
         -iNCLUD-iNG ThE GU-RU DkON~ZON AND OThERS/ FOLLOWED ThE
         EXAMPLE OF Th-iS tEACHER. tHEY D-iD NOT KEEP ANY MONASTERY
         LANDS FOR ThE UPKEEP OF ThE ABOVE TWO MONASTER-iES (-iN tSA-R-i)/
         BUT GA-iNED ThE-iR L-iVEL-iHOOD BY BEGG-iNG FOR ALMS. hOWE~RER
         ThEY WERE ABLE TO D-iSTR-iBUTE FOOD TO NOT LESC ThAN A HUNDRED
         HERM-iTS OBSERV-iNG ThE ANNUAL SECLUS-iON (LO-MTShAMS-PA)/
         (tHESE HETM-iTS) HAV-iNG G-iVEN UP (WORLDLY) L-iFE/ PRACT-iSCD
         MED-iTAT-iON/ AND D-iD NOT REFUTE EVEN A S-iNGLE WOTD -iN ThE
         TEACH-iNGS OF ThE ~CL-iG-iOUS SCHOOLS. tHEY USED TO REGARD ~L-i
                                                                          p.886
         ThOSE WHOM ThEY HAPPENED TO MEET/ AS HOLY MEN/ EVEN
         LAYMEN/ NOT TO SPEAK O~ MONKS. sUCH WAS ThE-iT REL-iG-iOUS
         BEHAV-iOUR. tHE D-iSC-iPLE OF ThE PUTUSOTTAMA (SKYES-MCHOG-PA
         BsAM-GTAN DPAL-PA)--ThE dHARMASVAM-iN 'pHEL-GYAG-PA BsAM-
         GTAN iHUN-GRUB WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR wOOT-fEMALE-hOG
         (S-iN-M~PHAG--1335 a.d.). hE L-iVED FOR 71 YEARS/ T-iLL
         ThE YEAR wOOD-fEMALE-hEN (S-iN-MO-BYA--L 405 a.d.). tHE
         NUMBER OF TEACH-iNGS ThAT BELONG TO ThE SYSTEM OF sO (-CHUN-
         BA) -iS AS FOLLOWSH TWO l-iNEAGES/ ThAT OF ThE wORD/ AND ThAT
         OF ThE mEAN-iNG; -iN ThE ~l-iNEAGE OF ThE wORD" ThERE WERE
         TWO l-iNEAGESH ThE ~sEN-iOR" l-iNEAGE (BRGYUD-PA CHEN-PO)
         AND ThE ~jUN-iOR" l-iNEAGE (BRGYUD-PHRAN). tHE ~sEN-iOR
         l-iNEAGE/' -iNCLUDED A NUMBER OF SECT-iONS WH-iCH WERE
         NAMED AFTER 54 GREAT HOLY MEN (DAM-PA SKYES-MCHOG-
         CHE-BA) ; 3 2 -iNTETMED-iATE SECT-iONS NAMED -A~TER
         32 HOLY MEN (/BR-iN-S~GN-iS); 17 ShORT SECT-iONS NAMED AFTER
    (9B) 17 HOLY MEN (DAM-PA SKYES-MCHOG). eACH (SECT-iON) CON-
         TA-iNED ThE L-iFE-STORY OF ONE S-iDDHA (AFTER WHOM ThE SECT-iON
         HAD BEEN NAMED)/ H-iS MA-iN PRECEPT/ AND METhOD O~ GU-iD-iNG
         D-iSC-iPLES/ -iN ALL 54 l-iNEAGES. oThERW-iSE/ -iT CAN L~E D-iV-iDED
         -iNTO 103 l-iNEAGES/ AND FOR Th-iS REASON -iT WAS CALLED ThE
         ~sEN-iOR" l-iNEAGE (BRGYUD-PA CHEN-MO). tHE ~ ~) UN-iOR' /
         l-iNEAGE (RGYUD-PHRAN) -iNCLUDEDH ThE dON SKOR LNA-MA (ThE
         F-i~E SECT-iONS OF dON-SKOR(c~/CLE OF mEAN-iNG))/ ThE r-iM-PA BZ-i-
         MA (fOUR sTAGES (OF MED-iTAT-iON)/ BsAM-GTAN-GY-i ThUN-CHE-
         CHUN/ (MED-iTAT-iON REQU-iR-iNG LONG HOURS AND ShORT HOURS)/ ThE
         gRAGS-PA BRGYAD (NAME OF A BOOK)/ ThE yAB-SRAS GSUM-MA
         (LEACHER AND D-iSC-iPLES/ ThE ThREE)/ ThE SkYON-CAN (NAME OF A
         BOOK) AND ThE SkYON-MED (NAME O~ A BOOK)/ AND OThERS/ -iN ALL
         32 SECT-iONS O~ ThE dOCTNNE. iN ThE ~l-iNEAGE OF ThE mEAN-iNG"
         (DON-RGYUD)H ThERE WERE TWO pHYOGS-SU LHUN-BA (PART-iAL) AND
         MA-LHUN-BA (-iMPART-iAL) BRANCHES. tHE F-iRST (CONS-iSTED) OF 54
         ~l-iNEAGES OF ThE mEAN-iNG'/ OF ThE 54 MALE AND FEMALE YOG-iNS/
         ThE 3~ ~'l-iNEAGES OF ThE mEAN-iNG/' OF ThE 32 TEACHERS/ ThE
         17 ~l-iNEAGES OF ThE mEAN-iNG" OF ThE 17 HOLY MEN. nOW/
         -iN ThE ~LMPART-iAL" BRANCH (pHYOGS-SU MA-LHUN-BA) ThERE WERE
                                                                          p.887
         EWO SECT-iONS/ ~HAT OF m-iG-/BYED sKoT (oPEN-iNG ThE eYES) AND
         ThAT OF MkHA/-/GRO-MA (MkHA/-'GR~MA-I SKOR). iN ThE F-iRST
         BRANCH (m-iG-'BYED) ThERE WERE FOUR ~'SONS" AND ONE ~MOThER"/
         -iN ALL F-iVE. tHESE WERE KNOWN AS G~UN-SBAS-PA m-iG-'BYEDL/
         -iTS BRANCHES dUS-DAngS DLLS/PHRAN-LA GDAM~PA/ ii6 N~SPROD/
         ThE mA-/GAGS RNAM-DAG (eTERNAL PUR-iTY)/ AND ThE RdO-R~E SEMS-
         DPA/-i GSAN-LAM (ThE ~sECRET PATh O~ wAJRASATTVA./' tHESE ARE
         ThE ~OUR ~BU" OR SONS). iN ThE GROUP OF ThE DAK-iNLS (MKHA/-
         'GRO-MA) WERE -iNCLUDED ThE FOUR GREAT SKOR-MGO (SECT-iONS) OF sO
         (-CHUN-BA)/ ThE M~HHOG-SGRU~PALA BRDA/-SKOR (ThE sER-iES OF
         sYMBOLS REVEAL-iNG ThE sUBL-iME)/ ThE fORMULA OF ThE fOUR
         lETTERS EXPRESS-iNG ThE METhOD O~ SECUR-iNG ORD-iNARY REAL-iZAT-iON
         (ThUN-MON SGTU~PA-LA Y-i-GE BZ-i-PA/-i SKOR; -iN ThE tANTRA ThE
         EXPRESS-iON Y-i-GE-BZ-i USUALLY STANDS FOR ~eVAM MAYA/'/ OR
         ~'aNUTTARA")/ ThE cYCLE OF dZA'-GA-TA (R-iTE OF BLESS-iNG W-iNE)/
         HMD ThE tHUN cYCLE (tHUN-SKOR) WH-iCH SERVED TO O6TA-iN BOTh
         ThE REAL-iZAT-iONS. tHE cYCLE OF sYMBOLS (BRDA/-SKOR) CONTA-iN-
         EDH tHE sER-iES OF sYMB.OLS O~ hERUKA (hE-RU-KA-I BRDA'-SKOR)/
         ThE sER-iES OF sYMBOLS O~ ThE sUGATA (BdE-BAR GSEGS-PA-I BRDA/-
         SKOR)/ ThE sER-iES OF sYMBOLS OF wAJRAGHANTA/ AND ThE M-iSCELLA-
         NEOUS SYMBOLS O~ dAM-PA. tHE ORD-iNARY REAL-iZAT-iON (tHUN-MON-
         SGRU~PA) -iNCLUDEDH ThE DmAR-M~GSUN G-i SGRU~PA (pROP-i-
         T-iAT-iON OF sPEECH OF ThE rED wARAHL)/ AND ThE SADHANA OF nAG-
         M~ (ThE pROP-iT-iAT-iON OF ThE m-iND OF ThE bLACK wARAHL). tHE
         LAST NAMED -iNCLUDEDH wARAHâŒ-DHARMA-KAYA-SADHANA/ ThE (wARA-
         HâŒ~sAMBHOGA-L~AYA-SADHANA/ AND ThE (wARAHL)-N-iRMANA-KAYA-SA-
         DHANA. tHE cYCLE OF dZA/ GA-TA -iNCLUDED ThE GtUM-MO /KHOR-
         LO GC-iG-PA (eKA-CANDALâŒCAKRA). tHE cYCLE OF tHUN CONS-iSTED OF
         A SORT OF KARMA-YOGA (SpYOD-LAM-GY-i NAMS-SKYON). tHE
         ROOT O~ ThE ABAVE ~SYSTEM WAS) ThE l-iNEAGE OF mEAN-iNG OF
   (10A) SmRA-BA/-i SEN-GE (dAM-PA RgYA-GAR) WH-iCH CONTA-iNED TERMS
         AGREE-iNG W-iTh ThOSE OF ThE tANTRAS/ AND ThE l-iNEAGE OF ThE
         mEAN-iNG/ KNOWN AS ThE fOURTh l-iNEAGE/ -iN WH-iCH (ThE
 1. tHE "mOThER/ OPEN-iNG ThE eYE OF ThE h-iDDEN"; A BOOK -iS OFTEN CALLED
    "MOThER"/ AND NOTES -iN ThE BOOK ARE FREQUENTLY CALLED "SONS" (OF ThE BOOK).
                                                                          p.888
         PH-iLOSOPH-iC~ TERMS D-iD NOT CORRESPOND TO tANTR-iC TERMS/ AND
         WH-iCH WERE NOT GENERALLY KNO~N. tHEN ThE mA-TShAN MDOR-
         BSDUS (sUMMARY OF ThE eSSENCE OF ThE mLSS-iNG cHAPTERS)/
         AND ThE r-iG-PA SRANS-'~UG (tHE w~-iGH-iNG OF ONE'S OWN m-iND)
         OF sO. tHESE WERE ThE FOUT oRAL tRAD-iT-iONS (SNAN-BRGYUD).
         tHE STORY OF mAL kA-BA-CAN-PA -iN-iT-iATED BY dAM-PA SmON-
         LAMH hE WAS A NAT-iVE OF bYE-CAN OF GyE -iN ThE V-iLLAGE OF
         mAL RtE/U-RA-PA. h-iS FAThER WAS mAL dAR-MA-M~ON. h-iS
         MOThER WAS hAB-BRDAL-GZA'-MDO-BA. hE WAS ThE SECOND
         (L-iT. ThE M-iDDLE ONE) OF ThE-iR ThREE SONS/ AND WAS BORN -iN ThE
         YEAR f-iRE-fEMALE-hORSE (ME-PHO-RTA--i L 26 a.d.). (iN H-iS
         CH-iLDHOOD) HE WAS VERY NAUGHTY AND M-iSCH-iEVOUS. hE MARR-iED
         A VERY WEALThY W-iDOW/ WHO (ONCE) SA-iD TO H-iMH ~iF YOU WERE
         TO ENTER REL-iG-iON/ i WOULD G-iVE YOU PROV-iS-iON! i~ YOU DO NOT/
         WE HAD (BETTER) SEPARATE." sO HE ENTERED ThE GATES OF
         REL-iG-iON. aT /oi-KHA HE OBTA-iNED ThE SYSTEM OF RmA FROM
         ThE ACALYA dAR-MA-GRAGS. hA~DNG OBTA-iNED ThE DOCTR-iNE OF
         nA-R~PA AND ThE SADHANA OF bYA-ROG-MA (A FORN~ OF mAHAKâƒLA--
         BdUD-MGON bYA ROG-MA) FROM mAL-SPOS-KA-BA SmON-LAM-
         BTSAN/ HE WENT ON A BEGG-iNG ROUND (iDOM-BU BYED-C-iN YOD-
         PA-LA)/ AND WHEN HE HAD REACHED tSh-i-RA-SGAN/ (HE FOUND ThE
         -iNMATES) PREPAR-iNG TO PARTAKE OF TEA AT ThE MEMOR-iAL SERV-iCE FOR
         sO (-CHUN-BA) (/DAS-MCHOD). aT ThE HEAD OF ThE ROW SAT A YOG-iN
         WEAR-iNG AN ~YE ShADE MADE OF BEAR-SK-iN (DOM-RA) WHO LOOKED
         AT H-iM STERNLY/ AND SA-iDH ~w-iLL YOU PARTAKE OF TEA?"/ AND
         HANDED H-iM H-iS OWN CUP W-iTh SOME TEA LEFT -iN -iT. aGA-iN ThE
         YOG-iN -iNQU-iREDH ~wOULD YOU L-iKE SOME FLOUR ? tAKE -iT !"
         AND/ SAY-iNG SO/ HE POUTED OUT ALL ThE FLOUR FROM A BAG/ AND
         ThEN WALKED AWAY. mAL kA-BA-CAN-PA WAS ANX-iOUS TO MEET
         dAM-PA SgOM-SMON (~A-M-i) BECAUSE O~ ThE LATTER'S FAME/ AND
         ASKED ThE MONKS WHO WERE PRESENT (AT ThE SERV-iCE)H ~wHERE
         -iS dAM-PA SgOM-SMON?// oNE SA-iDH ~yOU ARE STUP-iD ! wAS
         HE NOT ThE MAN WHO GAVE YOU TEA AND BARLEY FLOUR JUST NOW?"
         mAL kA-BA-CAN-PA ThEN WENT -iN SEARCH OF dAM-PA SgOM-SMON/
         AND SAW ThE YOG-iN PREACH-iNG ThE dOCTR-iNE ~O A YOG-iN AND A
         MONK ON ThE BORDER OF A F-iELD. mAL kA-BA-CAN-PA SALUTED
                                                                          p.889
         dAM-PA SgOM-SMON/ AND FA-iTh WAS BORN -iN LL-iN~. mAL/S EYES
         WERE F-iLLED W-iTh TEARS/ AND W-iTh EYES W-iDE-OPEN/ H-iS m-iND
         BECAME DEVO-iD OF ThOUGHT. SgONL-SMON ThEN SA-iD TO H-iMH
   (10B) "wHEN YOU CAPTURE A MAN/ YOU MAY GET RANSOM FOR H-iM/ BUT
         HAV-iNG COGN-iZED YOUR m-iND/ YOU WON'T GET A RANSOM. wHAT
         USE -iS ThERE? sET -iT FREE!" tHEN A MENTAL CONCENTRAT-iON WAS
         BORN -iN H-iM. mAL kA-BA-CAN-PA SPENT ONE N-iGHT TLLERE/ AND
         NEXT DAY WENT AGA-iN -iN SEARCH OF ThE tEACHER/ BUT WAS TOLD
         TLLAT (ThE tEACHER) HAD GONE TO lA-BA 'PHRAN (GORGE). sO HE
         PROCEEDED TLLERE/ AND MET ThE tEACHER/ WH-iLE ThE LATTER WAS
         PREACH-iNG REL-iG-iON TO A MONK. hE MADE ThE TEQUEST FOR
         SECTET PRECEPTS ON ThE iNTERMED-iATE sTAGE (BAR-DO) AND (ThE
         tEACHET) BESTOWED ThEM ON H-iM. mAL kA-BA-CAN-PA ASKEDH
         '~sHALL i ATTEND ON YOU!// tHE tEACHER REPL-iEDH '~i HAVE A
         W-iFE/ RESEMBL-iNG A ShE-DEV-iL/// AND HE D-iD NOT ALLOW mAL (TO
         ATTEND ON H-iM). mAL ThEN JOURNEYED TO GyOR-PO/ AND W-iTh
         ThE BARLEY WH-iCH HE HAD OBTA-iNED ON H-iS BEGG-iNG ROUNDS/ HE
         BOUGHT SOME FAT/ AND AGA-iN V-iS-iTED ThE tEACHER. tHE LATTER
         REPTOACHED H-iM/ SAY-iNGH ~'a YOG-iN MUST BE L-iKE A DOG/ WH-iCH
         WHEN SOLD/ ShOULDN/T RETURN//. mAL kA-BA-CAN-PA MADE ThE
         FOLLOW-iNG REQUESTH '~lO-RO ~-iG-PO TOLD (ME) ABOUT ThE
         "l-iNEAGE OF mEAN-iNG/' (dON-BRGYUD) OF SmTA-BA-I SEN-GE/
         AND i CAME TO ASK FOR -iT.'/ (tHE tEACHER EXCLA-iMED)H ~wHO
         SA-iD Th-iS? i LLAVEN/T SUCH PRECEPTS !/ mAL kA-BA-CAN-PA REP-
         L-iEDH ~iT WAS lO-RO ~-iG-PO !// tL E tEACHER ThEN REBUKED mAL
         AND SA-iDH '~hE (lO-RO ~-iG-PO) HAD BROKEN H-iS tANTR-iC VOW
         (DAM-MNAMS). aLL ThOSE WHO MET H-iM/ W-iLL GO TO hELL//.
         bUT mAL kA-BA-CAN-PA REPEATED AGA-iN AND AGA-iN H-iS REQUEST/
         AND ~;NALLY ThE tEACHET BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE COMPLETE PTE-
         CEPTS OF ThE ~l-iNEAGE CF mEAN-iNG/ (DON-BRGYUD). lATER
         ThE tEACHER SA-iD To H-iMH "yOU ShOULD BECOME L-iKE lO-RO zH-iG
         PO!/' tHEN ThE tEACHER MADE H-iM TAKE ThE VOW OF PRAC-
         T-iS-iNG MED-iTAT-iON FOR 12 YEARS/ (AND NOT TO PREACH ThE
         dOCTR-iNE TO OThERS)/ SAY-iNGH ~aFTER Th-iS YOU W-iLL BE REL-iEVED
         O~ Th-iS VOW.// mAL kA-BA-CAN-PA USED TO SAY ThAT ThE TEA AND
         ~OUR G-iVEN TO H-iM BY ThE tEACHER WERE -iN PLACE OF -iN-iT-iAT-iON.
                                                                          p.890
         aT ThE AGE OF 35/ HE MET ~A-LN-i AND FOLLOWED AFTER H-iM FOR
         TWELVE YEARS (FOT EiEVEN YEARS/ ~A-M-i HAV-iNG D-iED -iN 1172~.
         mAL kA-BA-CAN-PA MED-iTATED FOR FO~TY YEARS. hE SPENT TWO
         MONThS AT ThE RES-iDENCE OF ThE ALM~G-iVER gE-RGOD. eXCEPT FOR
         Th-iS/ HE NEVER ENTERED A V-iLLAGE AFTER HE BEGAN ThE PRACT-iCE OF
         MED-iTAT-iON. hE PASSED AWAY AT ThE AGE OF 86 -iN ThE YEAR OF
         ThE sHEEP (LUG--iO--L2L 1 a.d.~/ AND MANY TEL-iCS WERE iEFT
         BEH-iND.
            mAL kA-BA-CAN-YA WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-mALE-hORSE
         (ME-PHO-RTA~ 6 a.d.~/ WHEN 'gRO-BA-I MGON-PO pHAG-MO-
         GRU-PA WAS SEVENTEEN/ AND sHA-M-i FORTY-TWO. iN ThE FOLLOW-iNG
         f-iRE-fEMALE-sHEEP YEAR (ME-PHO-LUG~ 7 a.d.) TtEN NE
   (11A) (RgYAL-BA RtEN-NE) WAS BORN. SL~E-MDO-PA SMRA-BA-I SEN-GE
         WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-mALE-hORSE YEAR (ME-PHO-RTA--} 186
         a.d.) WH-iCH -iS ThE 6iST YEAR OF kA-BA-CAN-PA/ tHE âƒCâƒRYA
         kUN-BZAngS HAV-iNG MET kA-BA-CAN-PA/ OBTA-iNED FROM H-iM ThE
         ~l-iNEAGE O~ mEAN-iNG'/ (dON-BRGYUD). hE WAS ALSO SA-iD
         THO HAVE OBTA-iNED ThE L~-iNEAGE OF mEAN-iNG// FROM ThE W-iFE
         OF kA-BA-CAN-PA AND FROM ThE LATTER/S SON (~O-SRAS).
         tHE STORY OF ThE ACâƒRYA kUN-BZANSH -iT CAN BE FOUND -iN
         ThE CHAPTER ON ThE l-iNEAGE OF RdO-R~E ZAM-PA. DgYET-SGOM
         (DgYER-SGOM TShUL-SEng(tShUL-KH~-iMS SEN-GE)~/ ThE gREAT/
         WAS -iN-iT-iATED BY kA-BA-CAN-PA. h-iS STORYH HE WAS BORN -iN
         ThE YEATwOOD-mALE-mOUSE (S-iN-PHO-BY-i-BA--1144a.d.~TO
         FAThER DkON-MCHOG-SKYABS/ A M-iL-iTARY COMMANDER ~DMAG-
         DPON~/ AND MOThER pR-iNCESS (RgYAL-TShA-MA) MdO-SDE-RGYAN.
         hE BELONGED TO ThE bE-GU CLAN OF ThE TWo DgYER bE-GU-PA
         AND nE-GU PA -iN yAR-KLUNS GSON-PA. hE BELONGED TO ThE
         kHAN-GSAR-PA FAM-iLY/ AND WAS A DESCENDANT OF ThE ROYAL
         FAM-iLY O~ kHRA-/KHRUG-PA. hE WAS G-iVEN ThE NAME OF cHOS-
         KY-i SEN-GE. tH-iS cHOS-SEng/ WHO WAS ThE ELDEST OF ThE TWO
         BROThERS/ ThE YOUNGEST BE-iNG ThE M-iL-iTARY COMMANDER cHOS-
         RDOR/ RECE-iVED ORD-iNAT-iON AT ThE AGE OF 1 L/ AND WAS G-iVEN ThE
         NAME O~ tShUL-KHR-iMS SEng-GE. hE BECAME ThE OVERSEER (DPON-
         GNER) OF kHRA-'BRUG. hE ~ECE-iVED ThE SECRET NAME OF RdO-R~E
         RGYAL-PO AFTET BE-iNG -iN-iT-iATED -iNTO ThE sAMâƒJA cYCLE BY lHE
                                                                          p.891
         KALYâƒNA-M-iTTA hOR. fTOM ThE LATTET HE OBTA-iNED ThE BAS-iC TEXT
         (MULA) AND ThE COMMENTATY ON ThE sAMâƒJA (gUHYASAN~âƒJA-
         tANTRA/ kG. TgYUD-/BUM/ nO. 442; pRADâŒPODYOTAL~A-NâƒMA-
         T.âŒKâƒ/ tG. RgYUD/ nO. 1785)/ AND OTLLER TEXTS. bECAUSE O~ TLLE
         VERY GREAT FAME OF DpAL pHAG-MO-GRU-PA/ AT ThE AGE OF 19 HE
         PROCEEDED TO MtHA/-RTSA. aS SOON AS LLE SAW ThE MONASTERY/
         AN EXTRAORD-iNARY FA-iTh WAS BORN -iN H-iM. wHEN DpAL pHAG-
         MO-GRU-PA WAS COM-iNG TO ThE ASSEMBLY-HALL/ SOME MONKS
         SPREAD ON ThE GROUND ThE-iR Sh-iRTS (PHYA.N-TShE)/ OThERS S~)READ
         (ThE-iR)REL-iG-iOUS ROBES. DgYER BE-iNG A NEWCOMER/ SPREAD ON
         ThE EDGE OF ThE ROAD H-iS Sh-iRT (PHYAM-TShE)/ AND gRO-MGON
         MADE A SPEC-iAL DETOUT TO PASS OVER -iT. hAV-iNG PUT H-iS FOOT ON
         TLLE Sh-iRT (PHYAM-TShE)/ gRO-MGON LOOKED AT H-iM/ AND SA-iDH
         ~tHE MONK (BH-iKSU) wAJRADHATA -iS VERY WONDER~UL !'/ DgYER
         REPL-iEDH '~1 AM A NOV-iCE !" BUT pLLAG-MO-GRU-PA AGA-iN SA-iDH
         ~yOU ARE A NOV-iCE/ BUT ThE MONK (BH-iKSU) wAJRADHARA (RdO-R~E
         /DZ-iN-PA) -iS VERY WONDERFUL !" DgYER ATTENDED ThE PREACH-iNG
   (11B) OF pHAG-MO-GRU-PA AND PERCE-iVED H-iM AS A bUDDHA/ AND AN
         EXTRAORD-iNARY EXPER-iENCE OF A BL-iSS~UL AND CLEAR MED-iTAT-iON UN-
         ACCOMPAN-iED BY CONSTRUCT-iVE TLLOUGHT (BDE-GSAL M-i-RTOG-PA) WAS
         PTODUCED -iN H-iM BY -iTSELF. hE TLLEN STUD-iED BT-iE!~Y ThE H-iDDEN
         PTECEPTS OF ThE UPAYA-MâƒRGA OF ThE ~'s-iX dOCTT-iNES" (OF nâƒ-RO-
         PA) AND OThERS. hAV-iNG RETURNED TO H-iS NAT-iVE PLACE TO FETCH
         PROV-iS-iONS/ LLE FOUND H-iS FAThER CARR-iED AWAY BYENEM-iES/ AND LLE
         WAS FORCED TO F-iGHT. iN ThE MEANWH-iLE/ DpAL pHAG-MO-GRU-PA
         PASSED AWAY AND A GREAT SADNESS OVEREAME H-iM. hE ThOUGHT
         ThAT HE HAD TO GO -iNTO ThE PRESENCE O~ AN EXPER-iENCED TEACHET.
         oNCE A SCHOLAR SA-iD TO H-iMH '~LT -iS RUMOURED ThAT ThERE EX-iSTS
         AN EXTTHLORD-iNARY ONE NAMED RnAL-'BYOR cHOS-GYUN/ A D-iSC-iPLC
         OF dAGS-PO". aS SOON AS HE HEARD ThE NAME/ DEVOT-iON AND
         REVERENCE WERE BORN -iN H-iM/ AND HE WENT TO SEE H-iM. oN
         REACH-iNG ThE LOWER PART OF i ~Ang/ HE HEARD ThAT ThERE WAS A
         S-iDDHA NAMED mAL kA-BA-CAN-PA L-iV-iNG -iN ThE UPPER PART OF
         ~HE wALLEY/ AND HE WENT TO V-iS-iT H-iM. oN MEET-iNG ThE S-iDDLLA/S
         W-iFE/ HE ASKED HER TO -iNTRODUCE H-iM (TO ThE tEACL~ER). bUT
         ThE tEACHER SA-iDH ~i HATE ThE COMPANY OF MONKS ! dON'T LET
                                                                          p.892
         -iN!/' hAV-iNd BORROWED A VESSEL/ FROM WLL-iCH DO~S WERC
         FED/ HE BO-iLED SOLNE TEA -iN -iT W-iThOLLT CLEAN-iN~ -iT. wLLEN TL~E
         tEACHER LLEARD ABOUT TLL-iS/ HE EXCLA-iMEDH ~hE CALL BECOME A
         YoG-iLL !// AND BECAME VERY PLEASED. hE ADM-iTTED L -iM W-iTh
         TLiE WORDS ~i AM GLA~ YOU CAME ! i CAN BE OF BENEF-iT TO
         YOU!// hE SPENT ABOUT ONE MONTLL TL-ERE/ AND TLLEY SLEPT PLA-
         C-iNG ThE-iR HEADS TOGETLLER. tHE (tEACHER) BESTOWED ON H-iM
         MALLY DOCTR-iNES/ SUCH AS ThE MELLTA-i PRECE~TS (ThUGS KY-i MAN-
         ngA~) O~ TLLE ~l-iNEAGE OF mEAN-iNG./' tHEY D-iSCUSSED AT
         ~REAT LENGTh ThE dOCTR-iNE. tL-E tEACHER SA-iD TO H-iMH
         oThERS TEQU-iRE RE~EATED EXPLANAT-iONS/ BUT YOU ARE ABLE TO
         L1LASTCR AFTER A S-iNGLE EXPLANAT-iON. yoij ARE A MAN CNDOWED
         w-iTLL EXCELLENT QUAL-iT-iES AND BELONG TO ThOSE WHO ARC ABLE To
         ~RASP (A SUBJECT) SPONTANEOUSLY". hE ThEN PRACT-iSED MED-iTA-
         T-iON -iN A CAVE AT kA-BA-CAN/ AND ONE EVEN-iNG TL1ERE APPEARED
         (BEFORE LL-iM) A dâƒK-iN⌠AFFL-iCTED BY AN -iMP~LRE -iLLNESS (GR-iB-PHOG-
         PA). tHE pREC-iOUS oNE -iL-iTRODUCED HER TO HER OWN m-iND/ AND
         ThE A-iLMENT D-iSAPPEARED. tHE CLâƒK-iNL TL~EN OFFERED H-iM A SKULL-
         CUP FULL OF AMRTA/ AND HE EXPER-iENCED AN UNDEF-iLED BL-iSS. hE
         O~ERED TO kA-BA-CAN-PA AND H-iS W-iFE/ W-iTh ABOUT 50 ADULT
         MONKS/ 103 VALUABLE PRESENTS/ WH-iCLL -iNCLUDED ThREE lLORSES
   (12A) AND A pRAJNâƒPâƒRAM-iTA -iN 20/gOO ShLOKAS/ AND AFTER ThE tEACHER
         HAD RELEASCD H-iMSELF FROM H-iS VOW (FROM ThE 12 YEARS/ VOW)/
         HE ASKED H-iM TO PREACH ThE ~l-iNE;LGE OF mEAN-iNG" TO ThE
         ASSEMBLY OF D-iSC-iPLES. tHE tEACHER PREACHED ThE DOCTR-iNE
         DUR-iNG ThE F-iFTh MONTh.
            tHE tEACHER SA-iDH ~'yOU/ AS ThE mASTER OF ThE dOCTR-iNE/
         ShOULD PREACH -iT TO ThOSE WHOM YOU W-iLL F-iND F-iT (TO RECE-iVE -iT).//
         DgYER ThEN TAUGHT -iT (Th-iS SENTENCE MAY ALSO MEAN ThAT DgYER
         PREACHED -iT AFTER ThE iSTh DAY OF ThE SAME MONTh) TO A GROUP
         WH-iCH D-iD NOT EXCEED F-iFTEEN. aFTER ThAT HE MET RnAL-'BYOR
         ~HHOS-GYUN AT 'oL-KHA/ AND TOLD H-iM ThAT HE HAD REAL-iZED ThE
         NON-OR-iG-iNAT-iON OF ThE (EiEMENTS OF EX-iSTENCE) WH-iLE STAY-iNG
         W-iTh mAL. bUT RnAL-/BYOR cHOSGYUN TOLD H-iMH ~'tH-iS -iS
         ST-iLL NOT ENOUGH !" AND BESTOWED ON DgYER ThE mAHâƒLNUDRâƒ
         SYSTEM/ AS WELL AS ThE COMPLETE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON OF
                                                                          p.893
         ThE tWO-FACED wENERABLE oNE (wAJTAVâƒRAHâŒ)/ ThE ~s-iX dOCTR-i-
         NES// OT nâƒ-RO-PA/ AND OThERS. hE L-iBERATED H-iM FROM ThE
         BONDAGES OF ThE E-iGHT WORLDLY DHARMAS (CHOS BRGYAD). DgYER
         HAV-iNG REQUESTED ThE tEACHER/S PERM-iSS-iON TO B.COME AN -iT-iNE-
         RANT MONK (RGYAL-KHAMS-PA)/ PROCEEDED TO CERTA-iN UNDEF-iNED
         LOCAL-iT-iES. hE SUBDUED MANY F-iERCE DEMONS/ SUCH AS mAL-GRO
         GZ-i-CAN (NAME OF A NâƒGA) AND MkHAR-NAS OF Sâ¥E. hAV-iNG COME
         TO pAR-PHU/ HE OBTA-iNED ThE COMPLETE COMMENTARY ON ThE ThREE
         cYCLES OF ThE dOH⃠(RgYAL-PO/-i dO-HA/ GtSUN-MO/-i dO-HA/
         DmANS-KY-i dO-HA) TOGEThER W-iTh ThE-iR EXPOS-iT-iON. aT ThAT
         T-iME HE ~EACHED ThE AGE OF 30. aFTER ThAT ThEY SPENT F-iVE
         YEARS AT pHREN-KHA-BRAG OF StOD-LUngS/ ThE AiMS-G-iVER L~E-'BUM
         ACT-iNG AS H-iS SUPPORTER. DgYER COMPOSED NUMEROUS TEXTS ON
         AUSP-iC-iOUS R-iTES/ SUCH AS ThE "RtEN-'BREL RGYA-MTShO YANS~PA".
         hE PROCEEDED TO oDDâŒYANA ON AN -iNV-iTAT-iON RECE-iVED FROM DâƒK-i-
         NâŒS/ HAV-iNG ASSUMED ANOThER BODY (SKU-LUS-KY-i BKOD-PA MDZAD-
         PA). hE OBTA-iNED H-iDDELL PRECEPTS FROM F-iVE S-iDDHAS/ WHO -iNCLUD-
         ED iNDRABODH-i AND OThERS. hE HAD V-iS-iONS OF MANY TUTELARY
         DE-iT-iES/ SUCH AS sAMVARA AND OThERS/ AND WAS -iN-iT-iATED BY
         ThEM. aT ThE AGE OF 38/ -iN ThE YEAR iRON-fEMALE oX (iCAGS-
         MO-GLAng--{ 1~L a.d.) HE FOUNDED ThE MONASTERY OF S~E-PHU
         SUG-GSEB. ~1E SPENT 24 YEARS ThERE AND LABOURED EXTENS-iVELY
         FOR ThE BENEF-iT OF OThERS. hE HAD ThREE D-iSC-iPLES FROM StOD
         (wESTERN t-iBET)H RgYA/ DmAR-MDZOD-MA-BA/ AND /dZEN.
         fROM SmAD (eAST t-iBET)H ThE ~HREE ~w-iSE oNES/'. hE
         -iN-iT-iATED AND GU-iDED COUNTLESS OThER D-iSC-iPLES. hE PASSED
         AWAY AT ThE AGE O~ 61/ -iN ThE YEAR wOOD-mALE-mOUSE (S-iN-
         PHO-BY-i-BA--L~04 a.d.) AT SUNR-iSE O~ ThE 14Th DAY OF ThE
         MONTh OF DByUG-GU (GTh MONTh OF ThE t-iBETAN YEAR) AM-iDST
   (12B) NUMEROUS M-iRACULOUS S-iGNS. iN Th-iS wOOD-mALE-mOUSE YEAR
         (Sh-ing-PHO-BY-i-BA--L 204 a.d.) ThE kHA-CHE PAN-CHEN CAME
         TO t-iBET. a~TER DgYER DpAL RgYA-MKHAR-BA ACTED AS ABBOT.
         sANS-TGYAS-DBON/ -iN-iT-iATED BY DgYER. h-iS STORYH H-iS
         FAThER WAS ThE M-iL-iTARY COMMANDER cHOS-RDOR/ ThE YOUNGET
         BROThER O~ DgYER-~-iG/ AND H-iS MOThER--RlAN-CHUng-MA. tHEY
         HAD F-iVE SONS. tHE EiDEST r-iN-CHEN SN-iN-PO WAS SENT -iN H-iS
                                                                          p.894
         YOUTh BY H-iS MOThER TO DpAL RgYA-MKHAR-BA TO ENTER REL-iG-iON
         AT sHUG-GSEB. DgYER HAV-iNG PERCE-iVED Th-iS/ SA-iD ~tO-DAY
         r-iN-CHEN SN-iN-PO W-iLL BE COM-iNG ! yOU/ MONKS/ GO OUT TO
         MEET H-iM ! hE W-iLL EXCEL ME./' hE WAS RECE-iVED BY
         ThE MONKS ON ThE ROAD FROM StA~LUN/ AND ALL ThE
         MONKS L-iKED H-iS BEHAV-iOUR. hE TOOK UP RES-iDENCE AT ThE
         MONASTERY/ AND MET DgYER. oN ORD-iNAT-iON/ HE RECE-iVED ThE
         NAME OF r-iN-CHEN DBAN-PHYUG. fRORN DgYER HE OBTA-iNED
         ThE ThREE DOCTR-iNES OF S~E-PHU-BA/ SUCH AS ThE RtEN-/BREL AND
         OThERS/ AS WELL AS ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE ThREE dOHâƒS. a~TER
         ThE DEATh OF DgYER/ DmAR-BU BRAG-PA UNDERTOOK TO SUPPORT
         ThE NEPHEW AND -iNV-iTED H-iM TO MdZOD-MA. wH-iLE HE WAS
         SUPPORT-iNG H-iM/ TKEY PUT -iN ORDER ThE BOOKS OF S~E-PHU-BA.
         hE BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE ~'oRAL tRAD-iT-iON// (SNAN-BRGYUD) OF
         BdE-MCHOG/ ThE SYSTEM OF lUS-MED MKHA'-GRO (sRâŒ-wAJRA-
         DAKAN-iSKAYADHARMA-NAMA/ tG. RgYUD/ nO. i527; A DOCTR-iNE
         PREACHED BY rAS-CHUN-PA/ CONTA-iN-iNG N-iNE SENTENC~HS). aFTER
         ThE DEATh OF -RgYA-MKHAR-BA/ HC ~CTED AS ABBOT OF S~E-PHU/
         AND MA-iNTA-iNED W-iTh ThE HELP OF PRECEPTS MONKS AND D-i~
         C-iPLES. hE PASSED AWAY AM-iDST W~NDERFUL S-iGNS AT ThE MANS-iON
         OF ~UG-GSEB DBuSRGL-iN.
            tHE STORY OF H-iS D-iSC-iPLE bRAG-'BUR-BA dAN-RE/ ThE
         SECOND OF ThE F-iVE SONS OF ThE M-iL-iTARY COMMANDER cHOS-RDOR/
         HAD ThREE SONSH sANS-RGYAS RDO-R~E/ (~HHOS-KY-i BLA-MA OF tSA-R-i/
         AND bRAG-/BUR-BA. bRAG /BUR-BA -iN H-iS YOUTh BECAME A D-iS-
         C-iPLE OF sAngS-RGYAS-DBON. oN ORD-iNAT-iON/ HE RECE-iVED ThE
         NAME OF r-iN-CHEN-/BUM. hE PRACT-iSED D-iL-iGENTLY ThE PRECEPTS
         OF ThE UPAYA~ âƒRGA AT ThE HERM-iTAGE OF RdO-'ON/ AND A
         WONDERFUL UNDERSTAND-iN~ AND EXPER-iENCE OF BL-iSS/ AND OF ThE (13A)
         "iNNER hEAT" (BdE-DROD) WAS PRODUCED -iN H-iM. hE BECAME
         ABBOT OF sHUG-GSEB. wHEN 'gRO-MGON 'pHAGS-PA WAS PRO-
         CEED-iNG TO ThE iMPER-iAL cOURT/ ThE mASTERS OF ThE dOCTR-iNE
         (CHOS-DPON) OF DBuS CAME OUT TO MEET H-iM/ AND HE WAS
         PLCASED W-iTh ThE S-iGNS OF ThE '~iNNER hEAT" O~ ThE pREC-iOUS
         oNE (bRAG-'BUR-BA)/ AND ('pHAGS-PA) L-iSTENED TO H-iS EXPOS-iT-iON
         OF H-iDDEN PRECEPES. fROM ThE r-iN-PO-CHE /bRAS-DKAR-BA HE
                                                                          p.895
         OBTA-iNED ThE TLLREE cYCLES OF ThE dOHA AND ThE-iR COMMEN~ARY/
         h-iS D-iSC-iPLES/ WHO LABOURED EXTENS-iVELY FOR ThE WELFARC OF
         OThERS/ WEREH DgYER-DBON-R-i-PA/ ThE ELDEST OF ThE TWO SONS O~
         MgON-PO/ ThE FOURTh SON OF ~HOS-RDOR/ ~AMS-SOD r-iN~ CLLE/
         TLLE ELDEST SON OF sANS-RGYAS RDO-R~E/ ThE BLA-MA ~AR; STON
         kUN-DGA' RGYAL-PO/ TLLE BLA-MA r-i-PA/ AND MAL-iY SCLLOLARS ~ND
         BHAD~NTAS (BTSUN-PA)/ WHO BENEF-iTTED TL~E dOCTR-iNE. h-iS
         (CLL-iE~) D-iSC-iPLE WAS sHUG-GSEB r-i-PA. hERE -iS H-iS STORYH 6-iS
         NAT-iVE PLACE WAS lOWER MkLLAR-CLLU OF ~AMS-SOD. hE BE
         LONGED TO TLLE CLAN OF KlUBS. hE WLS BORN AS SON OF FAThER
         SkY-iD-PA-DPAL ALLD MOThER BkRA-S-iS-LDALL. hE RECE-iVCD ThE
         NALLLE OF G;~ON-NU RDO-RjE AND BECALLLE A D-iSC-iPLE O~ bRAG-/BUR-
         B~ AT ~UG-GSEB. oN ORD-iLLAT-iON/ 1~E RECE-iVED TLLE NAME OF
         G~ON-NU R-iN/CHEN. hE TOOK UP TLLE F-iNAL MONAST-iC ORD-iNAT-iOLL
         BEFORE ThE UPâƒDHY~YL zUL-PHU-BA/ TL E KARMA-ACARYA DBuS-
         KHAR;-PA/ ALLD ThE sECRET p~ECEPTOR kA-BA-PLLU. fROM bRAG-
         /BUR-BA HE OBTA-iNED ThE cYCLE OF ~-i-BYED/ SUCH AS ThE
         ~'l-iNEAGE OF mEAN-iNG/' (DON-BRGYUD~ OF SmRA-BA-I SER;-GE
         ALLD ThE FOUR zAB-DON ('~fOUR pROFOUND mEAN-iNGS//)J ThE
         cYCLE OF RtEN-/BREL/ SUCLL AS ThE RtEN-'BREL Y-iD-BZ-i~ OR-BU
         (A TEXT ON MAG-iC R-iTES)/ AND OThER TEXTS/ ThE oRAL tRAD-iT-iO
         (SN;LN-BRGYUD) OF sAMVARA/ TLLE TBREE cYCLES OF ThE dOHA/
         ACCORD-iLLG TO ThE pAR SYSTEM (OF p.~R-PLLLL-BA) TOGEThER W-iTh
         TLLE-iR RESPECT-iVE COMMENTAR-iES/ ThE BlA-MA /BREL-/jUG (NAME
         OF A BOOK)/ AND ThE yE-SES /KHOR-LO/ ThE BAS-iC TEXT (MULA) AND
         COMMELLTARY/ AS WELL AS -iTS SUMN1ARY (P-iND-iRTLLA) fU~ThER/
         HE OBTA-iNED N-LMEROUS -iN-iT-iAT-iOL1S/ PRECEPTS/ sUTRAS/ tANTR;LS/ ANj
         SADL)ANAS FROM MAL1Y TEACHERS/ WL~O -iL1CLUDED 'gR~MGON 'pHAGS-
         PA/ 'gAR-CHUL-i-PA G~OLL-NU BYAL-i-C6UB/ ~HU-BZ;LL-iS-P;L/ TL1E
         ACâƒRYA lA~;-KA l-i-PA/ AND OTL)ERS. hE PRACT-iSED -iNED-iTAT-iON AT
         VAR-iOUS HERM-iTAGES/ SUCH AS tSA-R-i/ GlAng-MA OF d-iN R-i AND
   (13B) OTLLERS. lATER HE BECAME ABBOT OF ~UG-GSEB. w-iTLL H-iS
         PREACH-iNG OF ThE dOCTR-iNE HE SAT-iSF-iED CACLL OF TLLE -iMNATES
         (OF Th-iS MONASTERY)/ AS WELL AS H-iS NUMETOUS D-iSC-iPLES. h-iS
         D-iSC-iP-iE WAS /bA'-RA-BA RgYAL-MTSBAN-DPAL. hAV-iNG COME TO
         lLLA-SA/ HE V-iS-iTED S~E-PHU. oN ThE WAY LLE EXPER-iENCED
                                                                          p.896
         D-iFF-iCULT-iCS BECAUSC OF SNOW. hE MCT ThC BLA-MA r-i-PA WLLO
         SA-iD -iN A LOUD VO-iCE DUR-iN~ AN ASSEMBLY ~tHE tEACHER OF
         GtSAng-PA WHO -iS S-iTT-iNG AT ThE LLEAD OF ThE ROW/ -iS AN EXTRA-
         ORD-iNARY PERSON./' wHEN LLE CAME ThERE TO BE ADM-iTTED -iNTO
         REL-iG-iON/ HE WAS PLACED AT TLLE HEAD OF TL~E ROW OF A~L (TL-C
         iLLONKS PRESENT)/ AND (r-i-PA) BESTOWED ON LL-iM ThE COMPLETE
         PRECEPTS O~ ~UG-GSEB-PA/ SUCH AS ThE '~l-iNEAGE OF mEALL-
         -iNG" (dON-BRGYUD) OF ThE ;~-i-BYED/ TLLE ThREE cYCLES OF ThE
         dOHA/ ThE RtEN-'BREL/ AND OThCRS. wHEN LLE WAS GO-iNG AWAY/
         HE (r-i-PA) ARRALLGED A H-iGH SEAT (~OR H-iLL)/ ALLD HONOURED LL-iM
         GREATLY. r-i-PA SA-iDH ~aCâƒRYA RgYAL-MTShAN DPAL! yOU/ WL~O
         LLAVE OBTA-iNED ALL ThE TE~CH-iNGS O~ OUR sHUG-GSEB-PA/ GU-iDE ThOSE
         WLLO ASK FOR GU-iDANCE/ AND PREACLL TO ThOSE WHO ASK FOR AN
         CXPOS-iT-iON (OF ThE dOCTR-iNE).'/ hC REPEATED Th-iS EARLLCST
         REQUEST ThREE T-iMES. aGA-iN ThE dHARMASVâƒNL-iN BlA-MA dAM-
         PA BsOD-NAMS RGYAL-MTShAN-PA OBT~-iNED ThE dOHA ACCORD-iNG TO
         ThE METhOD OF pAR FRONL Th-iS BLA-MA r-i-PA. GtSAN-PA BlO-
         BZANS-PA OBTA-iNED TL E cYCLE OF ThE ~l-idEAGE O~ m~AN-iNG"
         O~ mAL kA-BA-C3LL-PA FROM /bA/-RA-BA. tHE MAHA-UPADHYAYA
         ~AKYA GTAGS-PA OBTA-iNED (-iT) FROM LL-iM. mAL kA-BA-CAN-PA
         LLAV-iNG BEEN BORN -iN ThE YE-iLR f-iRE-mALE-hORSE (iLLC-PHO-RTA--
         1126 a.d.)/ 351 YEARS HAVEELAPSED S-iNCC ThELL T-iLL ThE PRESENT
         f-iRE-mALE-aPE (iTLE-PHO-SPRE/U--1476 a.d.) YEAR. tLLE
         cHAPTER ON ThE sCHOOL OF sO-(CHUng-BA).
            tBE sCHOOL OF Sk~NLH SkAM WAS A D-iSC-iPLE OF ThE KALYâƒL!A-
   (14A) M-iTRA gRA-PA. hE WAS A iLLONK LEATNED -iN ThE pRAJNAPARAM-iT~
         DOCTR-iNE/ AND ASSOC-iATED w-iTLL OLLE NAMCD kH~MS-SGOM tShUL-
         KHR-iMS RGYAN/ A D-iSC-iPLC O~ gRA-Y~. hE ACTED AS ATTENDANT
         O~ ThE KALYANA-LLL-iTRA gRA-PA TO Kl~GS-PA-LALLL. tHERE gRA-PA
         6ESTOWED ThC -iN-iT-iAT-iOLL O~ pLLYAG-NA RDO-RjE BHA-BA-MA ON AN
         ALMS-G-iVER/ WLLq WAS AFFL-iCTED L)Y LEPROSY (SA-GDON~. aFTET
         F-iN-iSh-iNG ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iOL~ R-iTE TL-C TWO D-iSC-iYLES OFFERED A HUNDRED
         LLOMA~F~ER-iLLGS/ BUT ThE DELLLON BCCAME AN~RY. SkAM-SGOM
         BECAME AFFL-iCTED BY A TUMOUR -iLL TLLE ABDONLEN (SKRAN)/ AND
         kHAMS-SGOM BEC;LM~ AFFL-iCTED BY DROPSY/ AND LATER WAS
         CARR-iED AWAY BY LEPROSY. aBOUT TLLAT T-iME dAM-PA WAS
                                                                          p.897
         ATTEND-iNG FOR A CONS-iDERABLE T-iME ON ThE MONAST-iC CONGRC
         GAT-iON OF RgYAL (/pHAN-YUL). tHERE HE MADE A STOVE WH-iCH
         -iS EVEN NOWADAYS KNO~VN FOR -iTS RERNARKA~LE WAY OF K-iNDL-iNG
         W-iThOLLT BLOW-iNG. oNCE WHEN HE WAS CATRY-iNG A LARGE LOAD
         OF STRAW/ HE PLACED -iT ON ThE ThREShOLD OF A DOOR/ AND NOBODY
         WAS ABLE To MOVE -iT FROM ThERE. dAM-PA ShOUTEDH ~tHE
         DOOR OF fA-iTh/ WH-iC6 iEADS TOWARDS REL-iG-iON/ -iS BLOCKED FOR MY
         MONKS OF RgYAL!// AND SAY-iNG SO/ HE LEFT FOR cH-iNA. tHUS
         WHEN dAM-PA MADE A LENGTLLY STAY AT RgYAL/ ONE DAY HE WENT
         FOR A WALK ALONG ThE EDGE OF ThE MARSLL OF TgYAL. SkAM-SGOM
         WAS ALSO ThERE/ SDpFER-iNG FROM PA-iN (BUT D-iD NOT ShOW -iT).
         dAM-PA ASKED H-iMH ~0 wENERABLE ASCET-iC! aRE YOU NOT -iLL?//
         ~i AM NOT -iLL! aRE YOU/ YO~LRSELF/ NOT -iLL?// REPL-iED kHAMS-
         SGOM. nEXT DAY ThE TWO MET AGA-iN/ AND dAM-PA ASKED
         kHAMS-SGOM Th~ SAME QUEST-iON. kHAMS-SGOM REPL-iEDH ~yES/
         i AM -iLL! dO YOU HAVE A WAY .O CURE ME?" dAM-PA REPL-iEDH
         ~'yOU ARE A MAN WHO PR-iDES H-iMSELF W-iTh (H-iS) PERFECT-iON/ BUT
         H.LVEN/T YOU ThE MEANS TO CL~RE YOUR D-iSEASE?// fA-iTh WAS B~RN
         -iN kHAMS-SGOM/ WHO SA-iDH ~aT ANY RATE/ BESTOW SOME
         H-iDDEN PRECEPTS ON MT!// tH~N dAM-PA 6ESTOWED ON H-iM ThE
         PRECEPTS OF ThE pRAJNAPâƒRAM-iTA (Th-iS TERM WAS FREQUENTLY USED
         TO -iND-iCATE ThE GcOD R-iTES ~T-D ThE ~ BYED SYSTEM)/ AND ALL OF
         A SUDDEN kHAMS-SGOM'S A-iLLLLELLTH WAS CURED/ AND HE WAS F-iLLED
         W-iTh AMAZE~NENT. hE SENT A MESSAGE TO H-iS BROThER/ ThE BLA-
         MA SkAM/ SAY-iNGH "hERE ThERE -iS AN iND-iAN TEACHER/ AN EXTRA^
         ORD-iNARY S-iDDHA. hE CURED MY -iLLNESS. yOU ShOULD -iNV-iTE
   (14B) H-iM.// SkAM SENT H-iS EiDER BROThER/ AND -iNV-iTED dAM-PA.
         dAM-PA WAS PETFORM-iNG A CONSECRAT-iON R-iTE OF ThE sATASAH;LSR-i..
         KA-pRAJNâƒPâƒRAM-iTA FOR ThE AiMS-G-iVER RtS-i RdOR-BSTAN/ AND D-iD
         NOT ACCEPT (ThE -iNV-iTAT-iON). aGA-iN TLLE BROThER F~LEADED/ AND
         dAM-PA -iNQU-iREDH "wHAT -iS H-iS NAME?" tHE BROThER
         REPL-iED ~h-iS NAME -iS SkAM yE-ShES RGYAL-MTShAM// dAM-PA
         ThEN SA-iDH ~wELL TLLEN/ i CAN BENEF-iT H-iM! 1 ShALL BE COM-iNG
         -iN ThE MORN-iNG OF ThE DAY AFTER TO-MORROW.// tHEN ThE
         BR~ThER RETURNED TO ThE HOUSE OF SkAM/ AND TOLD H-iMH ~'tH-iS
         tE.LCLLER -iS -iNDEED A WONDERFUL MAN! hE -iS COM-iNG ThE DAY
                                                                          p.898
         AFTER TO-MORROW. ~E ShOLLLD ~REL-AR~ FOR -iT! " oN Th;LT D.LY
         ThERE WAS A SNOWFALL nEXT MORN-iNG/ AT DAYBLEAK/ AN A-TSA-RA
         (âƒCâƒRYA) E~;TERED ThE HOUSE. ~aRE YoLL ThE tEACHER?/'--ThEY
         -iNQU-iRED/ AND dAM-PA REPL-iED ~yES--i AM ! " tHEY
         SA-iDH ~wE ThOUGHT YOU WERE COM-iNG TO-MORROW." dAM-PA
         ~NSWEREDH ~1 WAS AFRA-iD AN ACC-iDENT M-iGHT i-APPEN (To YOU)/
         AND ThEREFORE CAME Th-iS MORN-iNG". tHEY ASKEDH "wERE
         YOU HAND-iCAPPED BY SNOW?" dAN~-PA REPL-iEDH ~mY FEET
         D-iD NOT TOUCH SNOW." tHEY SA-iDH ~wE D-iD NOT OPEN ThE DOOR
         (HOW D-iD YOU ENTER?") dAM-PA SA-iDH "tHE WALLS ARE NO
         OBSTACLES FOR ME!// AND SAY-iNG SO/ HE SAT DOWN. tHEN ThE
         RELAT-iVES SALUTED AND HONOURED H-iM. dAM-PHL PREACHED TO
         ThEM ThE SYMBOL-iCAL -iNTRODUCT-iON/ AND SkAM GR~SPED -iTS
         ME~N-iNG/ AND ThOUGHT TO H-iMSELF ~iAS! (hE SA-iD TOO
         MLLCLL) -iN ThE M-iDST OF A CROWD//. dAM-PHL SL-iDH ~sYMBOLS
         C~N BE SEEN BY ThOSE WHO HAVE EYES/ BUT NOT BY ThOSE WHO
         HAVE NO EYES/// AND Sk~M D-iSCOVERED ThAT ThC OThERS HAD NOT
         UNDERSTOOD -iT. d~M-PA SPENT i4 DAYS ThERE AND FOR F-iVE
         DAYS ThEY CARR-iED OUT D-iSCUSS-iONS. dUR-iNG N-iNE DAYS HE SET
         ~S-iDE SPEC-i~L HOURS FOR PRE~CH-i-iLG/ AND PREACHED ThE dOCTR-iNE.
         oN ThE F-iRST OCCAS-iON HE -iNTRODUCED H-iM TO H-iS OWN m-iND W-iTh
         ThE HELP O~ TWO METhODSH BY -iNTRODLLC-iNG H-iM TO ThE NATURE OF
         ThE ~-iLMENT/ ~N-L TO ThE NATURE O~ MED-iTAT-iON. oN ThE SECOND
         OCCLS-iON HE PRELCHED ThC fOLLR nOBLE tTUThS/ ThE rEFUGE/
         ~ND V~R-iOUS OThER TEACH-iNGS. a~TER 14 DAYS/ HE S~-iD TO H-iMH
         ~i AM GO-iNG!'/ tHEY BEGGED H-iM TO ST~Y ON/ BUT HE D-iD
         NOT GR~NT (ThE-iR REQUEST). tHEY ThELL BEGGED To BE ALLOWED
         TO MEET H-iM ~G~-iN/ AND d;LM-P~ REPL-iEDH ~i ShALL ST~Y W-iTh 3
         JLL;~NA-DâƒK-iN⌠ON ThE wU-T~-i-ShAN OF cH-iNA (r-i-BO-RTSE-LngA -iN
         sH~N-HS-i pROV-iNCE OF cH-iN~). yOLL ShOL-LD ADDRESS YOL R
         PRAYERS OVER ThERE//. tHEN SkAM ASKED H-iMH ~wHOM
         ShOULD i ~SK/ WLLEN FEEL-iNG UNCERTA-iN/ AFTER YOU HAD GONE?/'
         dAM-PA REPL-iEDH ~tHE BEST K~LY~N;L-M-iTR;L -iS YOUR OWN m-iN~L!
         a tCACHER/ ABLE TO REMOVE DOUBTS/ W-iLL EMERGE FROM W-iTh-iN
         YOUR OWN m-iND. tHE SECOND K~LY~NA-M-iTRA -iS AN aRY~ (ThE
         SCR-ie-MRES O-F ThE bUDDHA)/ ThEREFORE YON WOL~KL RE~D ThE
                                                                          p.899
         pRAJNâƒL~âƒRAM-iT⃠(MdO-RGYES-'BR-iR;-BSDUSH TL E ~TASAHASR-iKA/
         ThE pANCAV-iMSAT-iSâƒHASR-iKâƒ/ AND ThE aSTASAHASR-iKA-pRAJNAPâƒRAM-iTâƒ).
         wER-iLY ThE LOWEST K-iND OF KALYâƒNA-M-iTRAS -iS ThE -iND-i-
         V-iDUAL. bLLT YOU W-iLL NOT MEET ME AGA-iN. yOU CAN D-iSCUSS
         W-iTLL ThE BROThERS WHO HAD EXPER-iENCED NNED-iTAT-iON. mED-iTATE
         FOR E-iGHT YEARS ! tHEN YOU W-iLL OBTA-iN ThE FACULTY O~ PRESC-iEN~E.
         aFTER ThAT YOU CAN BEG-iN PRE~CH-iNG ThE pRAJâ¤âƒPARAM-i-
         TâƒS.'/ SkAM REPL-iEDH ~L HAD NO OPPORTUN-iTY TO PRACT-iSE
         MED-iTAT-iON. iNS-iDE MY BODY TLLERE WERE N-iNE NLMOURS -iN TL-E
         ABDOMEN/ AND gRA-PA HAD PROPHES-iED ThAT i WAS TO D-iC -iN
         ThREE MONThS". dAm-PA TEPL-iEDH ~tHOSE WHO PRACT-iSE
         MED-iT~T-iON ON TLLE pRAJRLAPARAM-iTA W-iLL NOT SUF~ER EVEN FROM
         HE~DACHE// ~-iN A PASSAGE O~ ThE pRAJN;~PARAM-iTA -iT -iS SA-iD TL~3T
         TL~OSE/ WHO REC-iTE -iTS TEXT W-iLL SUFeER MUCLL FROM HE;LDACHES/
         ETC./ AND BY Th-iS ThE KARM-iC -iNT~UENCES W-iLL BE REMOVED/
         BUT -iN ThE PRESENT PASSAGE dAM-PA SA-iD ThE OPPOS-iTE). sAY-iNG
         SO/ dAM-PA DEPARCED. tHEN SkAM PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON AND
         TLLE TUMOURS (-iN LL-iS ABDOMEN~ BECAME CLLRED. iN E-iGHT YEARS
         TL~E FACULTY OF PRESC-iENCE WAS PRODUCED -iN H-iM. hE PREACHED
         ThE M~;iON-RTOGS BRGYAD-KA (TL-iE ASTAU-PADâƒRThâƒH/ OR D~OS-PO
         BRGYAD/ ThE E-iGHT PR-iNC-iPAL SUBJECTS OF ThE aBH-iSAMAY L-
         LAMKARA). bES-iDES ThE sANC~YA (aRY~-pRAJN~P~RAM-iT.~-
         Siâ¤CAYAGATh~/ kG. ~ER-PHY-iN/ nO. 13) HE USED TO PREACH
         QUOT-iNG FROM ThE sHAT~SAHASR-iKA-pRAJNAPARAM-iTL ~N~L TLLE
         pANCAV-iMSAT-iS-iHASR-iK-i~-pRAJâ¤APARAM-iTA. h-iS D-iSC-iPLES/ WHO
         FOLLOWED ThESE TEACH-iNGS/ BEC3ME KNOWN AS LHE ~uPPER
         l-iNEAGE'/ 3ND ThE ~'lOWER l-iNEAGE" tHE ~uPPER lLNEAGE'/
         WAS TRANSM-iTTED ThROUGH /kHUN-'DZ-i yAng-D/BEN-PA DbAi;-PHYUG
         RDO-RjE AND RgY;LMS sHES-T~B BLA-MA tHESE TwO WERE -iNVAL-iDS/
         AND -iNTRODUCED ThEMSELVCS TO TLLE-iR OWN m-iND~ BY WAY O~
         -iLLNESS. tHEY PREACHED ~S ThE BAS-iC TEXT--ThE SkABS-~LA~;-PO
         (TLLE F-iRST CLLAPTER OF ThE aBH-iSAMAYALAMKLRA)/ AS PRECEF~TS--ThE
         fOUR (nOBLE) tRUThS/ AND V~R-iOUS METL-ODS (iAG-LEN ThOR-BLL-
         1~A). bOTh 'kHUN ~LLD RgYAMS PREACHED -iT TO ~ibON-PO ~O-
         DKON. tHE LATTER TO /gO~. tHE LATTER Tq (H-iS) SON /gOS
         i)AR-MA. tLE iATTER TO rOG-STON BTSAN-PO. tHE LATTER TO
                                                                          p.900
         rOG sHES-RAB-'OD. aGA-iN lHA-RJE-SpRAD (OBTA-iNED) -iT FROM SkAM.
         tHE LATTER TALGHT -iT TO ~gOS dAR-MA. fROM H-iM GtSAng-PA
         R~;LOG OBTA-iNED -iT. tHE L-iTTER TAUGBT -iT TO RgYAL-BA DkON-SKY-
         ABS. tHE LATTER TAUGHT -iT TO rOG. aGA-iN SkAM TAUGHT -iT TO ThE
         BLA-MA ~HAG-BRAG DMAR-BA. tHE LATTER TO ThE BLA-MA ~OS.
         tHE LATTER TO ThE BLA-MA SgOG-LUng-PA. tHE LATTER TAUGHT -iT
         TO ThE BLA-MA ~Ang-STON sHES-RAB. tHE LATT~R TAUGHT -iT TO ThE
         BLA-NL~ GsHEN. tHE LATTER TO SkYE-MED ~AL;. SkYE-MED ~Ang
   (15B) COMPOSED A TEXT-BOOK (Y-iG-CHA) ON ThE "oRAL pRECEPTS/" KNOWN
         AS ThE ~n-iNE gROUPS OF fOUR// (BZ-i TShO-DG~
            aGA-iN SkAM TAUGHT -iT TO ThE KALYâƒnA-M-iTRA 'kHUN. tHE
         LATTER TO cHUG-BRAG DMAR-BA. tHE LATTER TO tHAng-CHUng-PA/
         ThE -iNCARNAT-iON OF lA-STOD GtSAN-SO. tL~E LATTER TO RgYA-STON
         G~ON-NU SEN-GE. tHC LATTER TO sAG-STON. aGA-iN SkAM
         TAUGHT -iT TO RgYAMS. tHE iATTER TO kE-KE hOR-GRAGS. tHE
         LATTER TO ThE BLA-M~ G~OS. tHE LATTER BESTOWED -iT ON RgYA^
         STON G~ON-NU SEng-GE. tHE LATTER HAV-iNG READ ThE idEN-BZ-i OT
         aCARYA dEVA (aRYADEVA)/ HAD F~-iTh BORN -iN H-iM. hE ATTENDED
         ON ThREE TEACHERS/ BUT D-iD NOT FEEL SAT-iSF-iED AND PROCEEDED TO
         lA-STOD GtSAng-SO. hE MET ThE N-iRMANA-KAY;L tHAng-CHUN-PA
         AND OBTA-iNED PRECEPTS FROM H-iM. aN UNDERSTAND-iNG REMOV-
         -iNG DOUBTS WAS PRODUCED -iN H-iM. s-iNCE ThERE D-iD NOT EX-iST
         A TCXT-BOOK (ON ThE DOCTR-iNE) T-iLL ThE T-iME OF tHAng-CHUng-PH
         AND GL;~OS/ RgYA-STON G~ON-NU SEN-GE WROTE A LARGE TEXT-BOOK
         ON ThE PRECEPTS OF ThE SkAM SCHOOL. iTS T-iTLE WAS ~ER-PHY-i
         ThUGS-RGYUD LAG-LEN Sâ¤AN/RGYUD r-iN-CHEN PHREng-BA r-iGS PA/-i
         GTAN-TSh-iGS-/PHRUL-GY-i iDE-M-iG// (~tHE m-iRACULOUS kEY OF
         lOG-iC; tHE gARLAN~L OF pREC-iOUS sTONES O~ oRAL tRAD-iT-iON;
         tHE pRACT-iCE OF ThE mENTAL l-iNEAGE OF ThE pRAJNâƒPARAM-iTâƒ//).
         aGA-iN SkAM TAUGHT -iT TO RgYA-GAR ~O-SRAS. 'RHE LATTER TO rAS-
         PA lHA-R-i-PA. tHE iATTER TO ThE TWO BROThERS sUm AND SgOM.
         aGA-iN ~;ingS-PA kE-KE hOR-GRAGS FOLLOWED ON SkAM FOR N -iNE
         YEARS AND OBTA-iNE/D FROM H-iM H-iDDEN PRECEPTS. lATER HE
         ATTENDED FOR ThREE MONThS ON/kHUN yAN-DBEN-PA. kE-KE
         TAUGHT -iT TO ThE r-iN-PO-CHE RgYAL-TShA. tHE '~lOWER l-iNEAGE/'H
         -iTS (TEACH-iNGS) WAS HANDED DOWN BY SgRO/ nOT BE-iNG AN -iNVAL-iD
                                                                          p.901
         (Th-iS MC.MS ThAT HE WAS NOT -iNTRODUCED TO H-iS OWN m-iND BY
         US-iNG H-iS -iLLNESS AS ;i MEANS OF SP-iR-iTUAL ADVANCEMENT)/ HE USED
         TO EXPOUND ThE ESSETLT-iAL MEAN-iNG AND ThE aBH-iSAMAYA (M~ON-
         PAR RTOGS-PA)/ D-iFFERENT-iAT-iNG BETWEEN D-iSC-iPLES WHO WERE CHARAC-
         TER-iZED BY A GTADUAL DEVELOPMENT/ AND A SPONTANEOUS DEVELOY-
         L~LENT (C-iG-CHAR). hE COMMENTED ON sUTRAS W-iTh ThC HELP OF
         F~UR D-iF~ERENT EXPLANAT-iONS OF ThE PR-iNC-iPLE OF rELA~-iV-iTY. tHE
         ~lOWER l-iNEAGE'/ WAS A L-iNE WH-iCH HANDED DOWN PRECEPTS
         ThROUGH MED-iTAT-iON. tH-iS SgRO WAS A NAT-iVE OF uPPER /p11;~
         YU1. hE w;1s ThE ELDER BROThER OF ThE ThREE BROThERS AND
         S-iSTERS BORN TO FATL~ER SgRO-STCN 'pHAN-RGYAL AND MOThER
         RJE-MO BkRA-S-iS/ AND RECE-iVED ThE NAME OF SgRO (~HOS-BRTSON.
         hE WAS ORDA-iNED -iN H-iS YOUTh. wH-iLE HE WAS STUDY-iNG ThE
         pRAJâ¤âƒ PARAM-iTA W-iTh ThE KALYâƒL1A-M-iTRA RJE RgAN-'BUM-P;L/ ThE
         LATTER FELL -iLL/ AND NOTh-iNG COULD HELP H-iM. h-iS RET-iNUE SA-iDH
   (16A) "oNE ShOULD -iNV-iTE SkAM." R~ RgAN SA-iDH "bOTh OF US ARE
         LEARNED -iN ThE pRAJR-iâƒPâƒRAM-iTâƒ/ -iT WOULD AF~ECT MY FORTUNE/
         -i~ i WERE TO ShOW H-iM RESYECT." tHE MONKS SA-iDH ~wE
         S1~A11 -iNV-iTE L~-iM PR-iVATELY/" AND RJE RgAN REPL-iEDH '~dO -iT!'/
         t~CY ACCORD-iNGLY -iNV-iTED SkAM TO A HOUSE WH-iCL STOOD APART/
         ND ASKCD L~ FOR H-iDDEN PRECEPTS. SkAM SA-iDH "yOU
         D-iDN'T -iNV-iTE ~NE TO YOUR HOUSC/ BUT BROUGHT ME HERE. hOW
         -iS ThAT?" RJE RgAN REPL-iEDH ~i WAS AFR.A-iD -iT WOULD AF~ECT MY
         ~ORTUNE/ AND SO -iNV-iTED YOU PR-iVATELY." SkAM WAS VERY
         D-iSPLEASED/ AND (H-iS PRECEPTS) D-iD NOT BEAR ANY ~RU-iT. hE
         PROCEEDED TO ThE MANS-iON OF RJE RgAN. iNS-iDE -iT 11E SAW
         -iMAGES/ SOL~LE N~ORE BEAUT-iFUL ThAN ThE OThERS/ SOME BETTER
         ThAN ThE OTL~ERS/ -iN FRONT Oe WH-iCH STOOD OFFER-iNGS. SkAM
         ThREW D~LST AT ThE ~A-iNTED -iMAGES AND ThREW ThE OFFER-iNGS
         DOWN. lATER WHEN R~ RgAN E~ME -iLL/ HE -iNQU-iREDH ~wHO
         L-iD -iT~/' AND FELT ANGRY. SkANL SA-iD/ ~yOU L-AD ShOWN
         PART-iAL-iTY TOWARDS ThE bUDDHAS/ ATLD ThEREFORE HAVE FALLEN -iLL!"
         aFTET ThAT RJE RgAN WAS mORE CAREFUL/ AND ThE PRECEPTS BORC
         FRU-iT. h-iS -iLLNESS WAS CURED/ AND FA-iTh WAS BORN -iN H-iLN.
         SgRO QU-iETLY L-iSTENED TO ThE PRECEPTS PREACHED BY SkAM/
         AND WONDERED. lATE~ 11E ASKED RJE RgAN TO V-iS-iT ThE RES-i-
                                                                          p.902
         DCNCE OF SkA. RJE RgAN SA-iDH "iT -iS TO BE DONE! hE -iS A
         WONDERFUL tEACHER. gO ThEREL/' sO SgRO WENT TO (V-iS-iT) SkAM.
         Sk~M -iNTRODUCED H-iN~ TO ThE "eSSENT-iAL mEAN-iNG" (SL;-iN-PO/-i
         DON) AND ThE aBB-iSAMAYA. hE ALSO -iL~TRODUCCD H-iM TO ThE
         sATHLS~H~SR-iKA/ ThE pANCA V-iMSAT-iS-iNASR-iK~ AND ThE aSPS~L~ASR-iK;~-
         pRAJNAPARAM-iTâƒS/ WH-iCL HE USED AS PRECEPTS. ~gRO WAS F-iLLED
         W-iTh WONDER. aBOUT ThAT T-iME d~M-PA (sANS-~GYAS) W~S
         SL-iD TO B~ RES-iD-iNG AT d-iN-T-i. SgRO SA-iD TO SkAMH "sH;.LL i
         GO AND MEET L~-iM?'/ ~wELL/ GO! " SA-iD SkAM/ ~BUT MY tEACHER
         HAS HA~LDS. AND FEET B-iGGER ThAN ThOSE OF OThERS" (BY ~L~-iS
         HE MEANT dAM-PA/ BUT D-iD NOT KNOW WHEThER ThAT tEACHER
         WAS dA~ PA). hE PR~CT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON ON ThE pR~JNAP-i~T~-
         M-iTA AND ThE USMAGA~-JN~RLA (DROD-KY-i YE-ShES/ ThE F-iRST sTAGE
         Oe ThE FOUR STAGES OF PRAYOGA~ ARGA) WAS PRODUCED -iN H-i~
         dAM-PA EXTT-iCATED -iNSECTS FROM H-iS BODY (aBH-iSAMAY;~LALPKARj/
         iw/ 42). bECAUSE OF TB-iS HE HAD M~NY MOLES (SME-BA) O
         ThE UPPER PA~T OF H-iS BODY/ AND ONE MOLE ON H-iS LEFT FOOT~
   (16B) oN ThE CTOWN OF H-iS HEAD ThERE WAS A HOLE -iNS-iDE WH-iCH ThE
         B-iG F-iNGER COULD BE -iNTRODUCED. ~lA-MA SgRO ThEN ARRANGCD
         FOR PROV-iS-iONS/ AND )OURNCYED TOWARDS GlAN-'KHOR. aBOUT
         M-iDDAY Oe ThE DAY ON WH-iCH HE WAS SUPPOSED TO ARR-iVE (DO-
         NUB SLE~P;L/-i N-iN-PHYED-TSA-NA)/ HE HCARD ThE VO-iCE OF d~M-
         PA. iN ThE /E~N-iNG HC WENT TO SEE dAM-PA WHOM HE~FOUND
         -iL-i TL~C M-ijST AF A CROWD. ~E SALUTED H-iM AND OFFERED H-iM A
         PRESENT/ BUT dAM-PA REFUSED TO ACCEPT -iT. BlA-MA SgRO HAD
         A P-iECE OF P-iNK~OLOURCD S-iLK. h~ cuT A P-iEC~/ AND T-i~D -iT TO
         ThE HA-iR O~ dAM-PA/ WHO B~CAMC PLEASED. tHEO SgRO ~HUT
         ThE S-iLK -iNTO P-iECES/ AND T-iED iHEM ~11 OVCT ThE BL~NKET WORN
         BY dAM-PA/ AND H-iS H~-iR. tL -iS PL~ASED dAM-PA. tHEN
         dAM.PA GAVE H-iM A PACKET CONTA-iN-iNG SOME MED-iC-iN;
         M-iXTURE/ AS AN AUSP-iC-iOUS TOKEN/ AS WELL AS i Sh-iN BONE T-iE~L
         W-iTh TENDONS. tBEN L~E GAVE H-iM A PA-iR OF SCALES (BTE-SR~
         WH-iCH HE PLACED ON A B~ASS PLATE. SgTO D-iD NOT UNDCRSTAND
         ThE SYMBOL-iCAL MEAN-iNG OF ThESE PRESENTS. hC ASKED kUN-
         DGA' (dAM-PA'S CH-iE~ D-iSC-iPLE)/ WHO SA-iD TO H-iMH ~tHE
         F-iRST -iND-iC~TES (CHAT YOU W-iLL OBTA-iN) ThC UNDERSTAND-iNG OF ThE
                                                                          p.903
         oNENESS O~ fLA~OUR (EKARASA) O~ ALL ThE eLEMENTS OF eX-iSEENCE
         tHE SECOT~D (-iND-iCATES) ThAT YOU W-iLL HOLD ThE ~OOT OF ThE
         l-iNEAGE. tKE Th-iRD (-iND-iCATES) TBAT YOU W-iLL BE ABLE TO
         MEASURE ALL ThE DOCTR-iNES." wHEN SgRO WAS ABOUT TO D-iV-iDE
         ThE MED-iC-iNE/ dAM-YA SA-iDH tL -iS BELONGS TO YOURSEL~ i '/
         AND HANDED -iT OVER~TO H-iM. tHEN HE (dAM-PA) ORDERED
         F-iVE MONKS TO ESCORT H-iTN AS FAR AS pHUN-MKHAR. tHE FOUR
         COMPAN-iONS SA-iD TO H-iMH ~wE ARE UNABLE TO OBTA-iN PRECEPTS//
         AND WENT TO TRADE TO S~E-NAM. (dAM-PA) SA-iD TO SgROH
         ~cOME!" AND HE FOLLOWED ON H-iM. dAM-PA -iNQU-iREDH
         "wHAT REQUEST HAVE YOU?" AND SgRO ASKED dAM PA ABOUT
         MANY ThEOR-iES OF SCBOLARS WH-iCH HE HAD STUD-iED FORMERLY.
         dAM-PA SA-iDH "yOU ShOULD TAKE ThESE QUEST-iONS BEFORE ThE-iT
         RESPECT-iVE mASTERS." kUN-DGA/ TOLD SgROH ~yOU ShOULD
         PUT QUEST-iONS ABOUT ThE PRECEPRS O~ ThE tEACHET AND ABOUT
         YOUR OWN EXPER-iENCE//. sO; SgRO PUC QUEST-iONS ON ThE
         pRAJNAPARAM-iTA DOCTR-iNE/ SAY-iNG- ~S~AM ~yE-ShES RGYAL-MTShAN-
         PA HAD TOLD ME Th-iS AND ThAT." (dJM-PA) WAS PLEASED/ AND
         -iNQU-iRCDH ã¹-iaRE YOU A D-iSC-iP[~ ~e SkAM? iS SkAM yE-ShES
         RGYAL.MTShAN WELL?'/ tHEN SgRO UNDETSTOOD ThAT HE (dAM-PA)
         WAS ThE t~ACHER (MENT-iONED RREV-iOUSLY BY -Se~AM). SgRO
   (17A) ThEN ASKED OAM-PA FOR H-iDDEN PRECEPTS AND FOR H-iS PERM-iSS-iON
         TO REMA-iN ThERE. dAM-PA SA-iD -iN Th^ ASSEMBLY ~ REQU-iRE A
         COPY OF ThE âƒRYA-aSTASAHASR-iKA-pRAJNAPARAM-iTA. wHO HAS
         ONE?// tHE CL~APLA-iN (L-i~CH~D-GNAS-PA) sO-LOR-'BAR -AND H-iS
         BROThCR REPL-iEDH ~'wE ShALL COPY -iT/ AND PT~SENT -iT TO YOU".
         dAM-PA SA-iD~ lET ThE COPY BE (WR-iTTEN) -iN PR-iNTED CHARAC-
         TERS/ OR -iN TBE CURS-iVE SCR-iPT. lET -iT BE COMPLETED W-iTh-iN
         ONE MONTh/ AND BR-iN~ -iT HEREL // (a~TER ONE 'MONTL~ ~ dAM-PA
         SA-iDH ~nOW/ WHERE -iS ThE aS~ASAL~ASR-iKA?/-i tHEY REPL-iEDH
         ~-iT -iSN/T YET F-iN-iShED!// AND dAM-PA BECAME H-iGHLY D-iSPLEA-
         SED/ AND' SA-iD. ~yOU HAVE DEeEAEED ThE A-TSA-RA W-iThOUT ~    -
         ShOW-iNG H-iM CONS-iDERAT-iON. nOW i MUST CBANGE MY RES-i-
         TENC~ ! "AND SAY-iNG SOJ HE RET-iRED TO H-iS ASCET-iC CELL (DKA/-ThUB
         KHAN-PA). '~wHAT W-iLL YOU DO W-iTh ThE aSTASAHASR-iKA~/'
         -iNQU-iRED TBEY/ AND dAM-PA REPL-iEDH ~i ShAL~ -iNTRODUCE -iT
                                                                          p.904
         -iNS-iDE A BRASS RR~MPET/ AND ShALL BLOW ThE TTUMYET TOWARDS
         ThE eAST'/. aFTER ThAT dAM-PA PRACT-iSED PE~ANCE FOR SEVEN
         DAYS/ AND ThEN PASSED AWAY. tHEY (ThE -i~ ATES) GAVE SgRO
         PROV-iS-iONS TO LAST ~7 DAYS DUR-iNG WH-iCH TO PERFORM ~ENANCE.
         hAV-iNG ClELMATED dAM PA'S BODY AND COLLECTED ThE REL-iCS/
         SgRO PROCEEDED TOWATDS H-iS NAT-iVE PLACE/ AL~D MET SkAM.
         SkAM ASKED H-iM. ~iS HE MY tEACHER/ OR NOT?" SgRO REPL-iEDH
         ~hE -iS!" SkAM TLiEN EXCLA-iMEDH "aLAS! (E-SU) L ShOULD
         HAVE GONE W-iTh YOU ON A HORSEL'/ hE (SgRO) SPENT TWO YEARS
         W-iTh SkAM/ WL~O ThEN PASSED AWAY. eTER ThAT SgRO
         PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-i~N FOR ZG YEARS AM-iDST ThE ROSE-BUSh~S OF
         lAN-PA (/pL~AN-YUL) hE BAD A V-iS-iON OF aVALOK-iTEShVATA/ ARD
         H-iS UNDERSTAND-iNG REACHED PERFECT-iON.
            s-iNCE ThE AGE OF 72/ HE PREACHED ThE dOCTR-iNE/ AND
         D-iED AT ThE AGE OF 75. hE ~V/AS V-iS-iTED BY /cHUS-PA dAR-
         BRTSON. tHE LATTER'S FAThER WAS 'cTLUS-PA gAN-PO. h-iS
         MOThER -kHU-MO SgRON-NE-LCAM/ tHEY HAD ThREE CH-iLDREN.
         aFTER ORD-iNAT-iON/ ThE BOY STUD-iED NUMEROUS BAS-iC TEXTS (GZUng)
         AN~ H-iDDEN PRECEPTS. hE ESPEC-iALLY BECAME KNOWN AS A
         SCHOLAR WHO CONDUCTED DETA-iLED -iNVEST-iGAT-iONS -iN ThE ~-i-BYED
         METhOD. aFTER COMPLET-iNG ThE PRCCEPTS OT RmA AND sO-
         CHUN BA)/ HE C~ME TO SgRO/ AND HEARD ThE PR~CEPTS OF D-E
   (17B) pRAJNâƒPARAM-iTâƒ. SgRO SA-iD TO -i~-iMH ~LyOL~ ShOULD PERFORM
         PENANCE FOR 1 2 YEARS/ AL~D ThEN CONT-iNUE ThE l-iNEAGE/'.
         'cHUS-PA ThEN RCTURNED TO L~-iS NAT-iVE PLACE/ ANCL ENGAGED -iN
         PENANCE FOR SEVEN VEARs. a dâƒK-iNL PROPHES-iED TO H-iM ABOUT ThE
         SpY-i-DE DGON-PA. dUT-iNG ThE LAY-iNG OF ThE FOUNDAT-iON/ A
         QUATREL AROSE/ AND HE HAD TO BREAK H-iS PENANCE. bUT HE
         SUCCEEDED -iN COMPLET-iNG H-iS -iNTENT-iON/ AND HAD A V-iS-iON O~
         ThE tAR⃠AND HER RET-iNUE. dAM-PA APPEATED (TO H-iM) F-iVE
         T-iMES -iN A DREAM/ AND ThE DâƒK-iNLS HO-iSTED A PARASOLS (OVER
         H-iM). e~E LA-iD ThE FOUNDAT-iON OF ThE dOCTR-iNE -iN ThC FOUT
         D-iSTR-iCTS (TU) OF DBuS AND GtSAN. aT ThE AGE OF 7G/ HE
         SA-iD ONE DAY AT HARVEST T-iMEH ~nOW i ShALL BE GO-iNG HOME!
         AND WENT BACK. aFTER ThAT/ H-iS W-iFE WENT HOME TO FETCH
         PROV-iS-iONS FOR ThE HARJESTERS/ AND ~HHUS-PA SA-iD TO HER. ~1
                                                                          p.905
         ShALL D-iE UOW!/' tHE W-iFE REPL-iED. ~'tH-iS CANNOT BE TRUE !
         sHOULD YOU HOWEVER D-iE/ WHAT -iS To BE DONE W-iTh YOUR
         REMA-iNS?'/ 'cHUS-PA REPL-iED ~yOU ShOULD PLACE ThEM -iN ThE
         CORNER OF Th-iS HOUSE/ AND COy~R ThEM W-iTh STONES". tL~E
         W-iFE REPL-iED. ã¹ iF WE DO L-iKE Th-iS/ WORMS iNAY EAT ThEM."
         /cHUS-PA REPL-iED. ~wORMS AREN/~FORTUNATE ENOUGH TO EAT
         MY BODY! nEyER M-iND! mY DEAD BODY W-iLL ONCE S-iT ERECT.
         tHERE W-iLL BE TROUBLE AT ~HAT T-iME/'/ SAY-iNG SO/ HE PASSED
         AWAY. aFTER ThE LAPSE O~ MANY YEARS/ H-iS DEAD BODY SAT
         ERECT -i(-iN ThE CORNER). wHEN SOLD-iERS OF DpON-CHEN RgYAL-
         BZAL; CAME TO yAR-KLUngS/ ThEY OPENED ThE GRAVE AND CARR-iED
         AWAY WHATEVER PARTS OF TL~E BODY ThEY FOUND. h-iS 5011 WAS
         cHUS-PA BRtSON-/~RUS SEng-GE. rOG sHES-RAB-'OD OBTA-iNED ThE
         SYSTEM OF SkAM FROM H-iM AT ~H-ing-KHY-iNL.
            aT ThE T-iME OF dAM-P~L/S DEATh/ SgRO W;1S 40. hE WAS
         4~ WHEN SkAM D-iED. hE WAS 71 WHEN HE F-iN-iShED H-iS
         MED-iTAT-iON. i HELL FOR FOuT YEARS HE PREACHED. hE WAS BORN
         -iN ThE YEAR eARSh-mALE-hORSE (SA-PKO-RTA--1078 a.d.~. hE
   (18A) WAS ThE SEN-iOR OF SgAM-PO-BA BY ONE YEAR. "LLUS-PA dAR-
         BRTSgN WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-fERL~ALE-hE~L (ME-MO-BYA--
         1 1 17 a.d.; H-iCCOR~ G TO ThE rE'U-M-iG OF sUM-PA MKHAN-PO
         (jasb. 1~89/ P. 14)-iN 1118 a.d.)DUR-iNG WH-iCH dAM-PA
         PASSED AWAY. 'cHUS-PA D-iED AT ThE AGE OF 76 -iN ThE YEAR
         wATER-mALE-~OUSE (CHU-PH~-BY-i-BA--1192 a~ d.). tH-iS
         /cHUS-PA ~BA5 7 Y~ARS YOUL~GER ThAN DpAL pHAG-MO-GRU-PA.
         fROM ThE B-iRTh OF 'cHUS-PA TO ThE PRES~NT f-iRE-mALE-aPE
         YEAR (ME-PHO-SPLE/U--1476 a.d.) 360 YEARS L-AVE PASSED.
         tHE cHAPTER ON ThE SCHOOL OF SkAM.
            tHE SCHOOLS Oe gRA-PA/ LcE AND L~Ang WER~ BRAL~CHES O~ ThE
         "iNTERMED-iATE l-iNEAGE" (BAR-DU BY-iN-BA-I RGYUD). tHE
         H-iDDEN PRECE~TS OF ThE N-iNE '~ HYED SgRON-MA// WERE BE~
         TOWED (BY dAM-YA) ON ~HE KALYâƒnA-M-iTRA gRA-PAH CBE mAN-ngAG
         SKLL-I SGRON-MA (~LPADESAKâƒYAPRADLPA-NâƒMA/ tG. RgYUD/ nO.
         2315)/ ThE tHEG-PA GSUng-G-i SGRO~ MA (y~NAVâƒKPRADLPA-NâƒMA/
         tG.RgYUD nO.~3~6)/ ThE GsAng-BA tHUGS-KY-i SGRON-MA (c-iTTA-
         GUHYAPRADLPA-NâƒLMA/ tG. RgYUD/ nO. ~3~3~/ ThE yAng-DAG
                                                                          p.906
         LTA-BA-I SGRON-ULA (sALNDARSh.LNaH~PRADLPA-Nâƒ~A/ tG. RgYUD/
         nO. 2317)/ ThE r-iL--PO-CHE S~OM-PA-I S~RON-MA (rATNA PRADâŒPA-
         NâƒMA/ tG. nO. 2318)/ ThE bYAN-CBUB SPYOD-PA-I SGRON-~A
         (bODH-iCARYAPRADLPA NâƒMA tG. nO.2321)/ ThE Mâ¥AM-N-iD GZ-i-I
         SGRON-MA (sAMATâƒVASTU-PRADâŒPA-NâƒMA/ t~. RgYUD/ nO. 2319)/
         ThE RnAL-'BYOR LAM-GY-i SGRON-MA (yOGAYAThA-PRADLPA-NâƒMA/
         tG. nO. 2322)/ AND ThE Di~OS-GRUB 'BRAS-BU-I SGRON-MA
         (kOT-iN-iSThA-PHALAPTAD-iPA/ tG. RgYUD/ nO. 2370). ?~?tHEN
         dAM-PA WAS V-iS-iT-iNG ~RA-ThAng/ gRA-PA ThOUGHTH "tH-iS -iS AN
         ORD-iNARY A-TSA-~A/" AND D-iD NOT HONOUR HLM. iN ThE MORN-iNG
         ThEY OBSERVED ThAT ThE REEDS/ WH-iCH ThE A-TSA-RA USED AS H-iS
         MAT/ WERE NOT CRUShED (BY ThE WE-iGHT OF H-iS BODY). tHEY
         REPORTED ThE MATTER TO ThE KALYAnA-M-iTRA gRA-PA/ WHO ThOUGHTH
         "hE MUST BE dAM-PA sAngS-RGYAS/" AND RAN AFTER H-iM. hE
         OVERTOOK H-iM AT lOWER gRA-PHY-i/ AND OF~ERED H-iM SOME GOLD.
         tHOUGH dAM-PA D-iD NOT -i~CCEPT -iT/ HE PROM-iS~D TO V-iS-iT (gRA-
         PA) LATER. hAV-iNG RETURNED TO gRA-ThAng/ HE ~dAM-PA) ~REACH-
         ED ThE ~n-iNE c/YCLES OF sGRON-MA." tHE KALYâƒNA-N~-iTRA
         gRA-PA BESTOWED T-iLEM OL~ sUN~ BTSUN-CHUN ON ThE ROCK OF
         sR-iN-CHU. tHE LATTER BESTOWED ThEM ON mYAN-STON dO-PA AT
         dO-R-i. tHE LATTER oq BlA-CHUN 'OD-ZER OF sHAB. tHE LATTER
         ON '~HUS-PA dAR-BRTSON AT ~AngS. tHE LATTER COMPOSED A
         COMMENTARY AND PREEEPTS/ AND TAUGHT -iT TO '(~KUS-PA BRtSON-
         SEng/ WHO TAUGHT -iT TO rOG sHES-RAB-/OD.
            tHE sCHOOL OF LcEH tHE~E L-iVED A FAThER NANLED KALYâƒnA-
         M-iTRA L(~E-PA O~ B-i~Ang-YUL AND H-iS SON. /tShUR-STON CLBAL-i-NE
   (18B) WAS ThE TEACHER WHO -iNTRODUCED ThEM F-iRST (TO TL~E DOCTR-iL~E).
         aFTER ThAT ThE kAShM-i~-iAN sOMANâƒThA CA-iNE TO t-iBET TO SPREAD
         ThE DOCTR-iNE OF ThE kâƒLACAKRA. LcE/ FATL-ER AND SON/ ACTED
         AS H-iS SUPPORTER -iN ThE TRANSLAT-iON (OF ThE kâƒLACAKRA) BY
         Gâ¥OS LO TSA-BA/ AND SUPPL-iED H-iM W-iTh ADEQUATE PROV-iS-iONS.
         tHEY OFFERED H-iM 30 GOLDEN SRANS AS REMUNERAT-iON FOR ThE
         TRANSLAT-iON/ AND OThER ART-iCLES WORTh 30 SRANS. hE COMPLETED
         ThE TRANSLAT-iON W-iTh-iN ONE YEAR/ AND BECAME AN EXPEFT -iN
         (ThE DOCTR-iNE). f-iNALLY/ WHEN dAN;-PA .sANS-RGYAS CAL~LE To
         1~E dAL SGAN/ LcHE-PA WAS STAY-iNG -iN SECLUS-iON/ AND ThEY D-iD
                                                                          p.907
         NOT MEET. h-iS SON 7~1A-BA GRAGS-PA WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR
         f~RE-mALE-dOG (ME-PHO~KHY-i--1066 a.d.) WHEN ThE KALYâƒNA-
         M-i~-RA gRA-PA WAS 35. hE WAS ORDA-iNED AND PRACT-iSED
         PELLAL~CE. hE ALSO POSSESSED AN EXCELLENT KNOWLE~LGE OF ThE
         mANTRA YâƒNA/ hE WAS -iN SORROW AT ThE ABSENCE OF dAM-PA/
         AND -iNQU-iRED ABOUT H-iS WHEREABOUTS. hE HEARD ThAT dA~ )A
         WAS RES-iD-iNG AT yER-PA. h~ ALSO HEARD A PROPHECY UTTERED
         BY DâƒK-iNâŒS -iN TL~E SKYH '~o SON OF GOOD FAM-iLY! tL~E wENERA-
         BLE kAMALAShR⌠-iS A YOG-iN OBSERV-iNG ThE ThREE VOWS (Th~
         pRAT-iMOKSA VOW/ (2) ThE bODH-iSATTVA-VOW/ (3) ThE tANTR-iC
         VOW). hE KNOWS ThE TRUE ThOUGHT OF ThE bUDDHA. aS HE
         POSSESSES ThE ThREE PRECEPTS O~ ThE mED-iTAT-iVE l-iNEAGE TRANSM-i-
         TTE.L FROM ThE âƒCâƒRYA aRYA nâƒGâƒRjMLA/ FAThER AND SON
         (aRYADEVA)/ ASK H-iM FOR -iNSTRUCT-iON -iN TBE dOCTR-iNE."
         dUR-iNG ThAT T-iME dAM-PA WAS SUPPORTED BY AN ASCET-iC NATNED
         ~-i-KHR-i AT yER-PA. tHE ASCET-iC tShUL-GRAGS/ UNCLE OF ThE
         BLA-L~A L~HE/ AND A D-iSC-iPLE NAMED kON-SGOM OF kHUL-BU WERE
         SENT TO -iNV-iTE dAN~-PA. tHE ASCET-iC â¥-i-KBR-i SA-iD TO Th~MH
         ~ i AM OLD AND BROKEN DOWN. i AM UNABLE TO GO AND ATTEND
         ON ThE wENERABLE oNE! sH~ULD ThE wENERABLE oNE DEPART/
         MY FORTUNE WOMD BE LOST. ~HOUGH -iT -iS N~T PROPER TO SAY
   (19A) SUCH Th-iNGS TO A GREAT LMAN L-iKE YO~R tEACHER LcE/ BUT ~ CAN
         SAY -iT/ AS HE -iS SOMEWHAT L~OLLNGER ThAN ~. i AM ABLE TO
         SUPPORT H-iM/ ThEREFORE PLEASE ASK H-iM TO COME HERE/" SAY-iNG
         SO/ HE PREVENTED ThE wENERABLE oNE FROM GO-iNG A~ AY.
         wHCN ThEY GAThERED ALL ThE GOLD OWNED BY L~H~ dAL-
         SGAL-i-PA/ FAThER AND SON/ TL~EY EVEN TOOK AWAY ThE GOLDEN
         VAJRA/ WH-iCH SERVED AS ORNAMENT ON H-iS ~MOThEL'S BELT/ AAD
         ThE FUR-L-iNED S-iLK GARN]ENT OF H-iS FAThER/ AS WELL AS SEVERAL
         ~OLLS OF WOOLLEN CLOTh/ AND PROCEEDED TO yER-PA. iN FRONT Oe
         ThE wENERABLE oNE/ ThEY PLAC~D A GOLDEN MAN.~DALA/ ThE
         GARMENT AND ThE WOOLLEN CLOTh. BUT ThE wENERABLE oNE D-iD
         NOT EVEN LOOK AT ThE Th-iNGS BUT ThE TW~ REJO-iCED AND SEEMED
         HAPPY/ AS -iF ThEY W~RE MOThER AND SON. tHC wENERABLE
         kAMALASR⌠PUT SOME QUEST-iONS TO 1~E cANDRAKâŒRT-i ON ThE VOW
         (pRAN-iDHANA) OF ThE BODH-iC-iTTA/ ON ~HE PRACT-iCE OF ThE BODH-i-
                                                                          p.908
         C-iTTA (/jLjG-PA)/ AND 011 ThE MEAN-iNG OF ThE pRAJNâƒPâƒRAM-iTA.
         aFTER ThAT HE PUT QUEST-iONS ON ThE MEAN-iNG OF ThE FOUR
         -iN-iT-iAT-iONS OF ThE tANTRAS/ AS WELL AS MANY QUEST-iONS ABOUT ThE
         ULT-iMATE MEAN-iNG OF ThE mANTRAYâƒNA. hE GAVE H-iS REPL-iES
         ON ThE EXPRESS-iON OF -iNTENT-iON (OF DEVELOP-iNG/) ThE BODH-iC-iTTA/
         -iTS PRACT-iCE/ ThE MEAN-iNG OF ThE pRAJNâƒPâƒRAM-iTâƒ/ AND ON ThE
         MEAN-iNG AND SYMBOLS OF ThE FOUR -iN-iT-iAT-iONS OF ThE mANTRA YâƒNA/
         Ai-D ThE-iR ULT-iN~ATE MEAN-iNG. tHE-iR VO-iCES SOUNDED LOUDER
         AND LOUDER/ AND TL~OSE WH~ HAPPENED TO BE -iN ThE NE-iGHBOUR-
         L~OOD CAME -iN TO L-iSTEN. tHE wENERABLE oNE (dAM-PA) SA-iDH
         ~nOW -iT -iS T-iME TO STOP/" AND SAY-iNG SO/ ENTETE~L T~LE CAVE OF
         zLA-BA. tHE ASCET-iC ~-i-KHR-i ASKED dAM-PA ~hOW MUCH
         DOES TL~-iS KALYâƒn.~ -iTRA L~E KNOW?" dAM-PA REPL-iEDH "tH-iS
         ~LOG -iS -iNDEED A GOOD ONE! bUT HE NEEDS A GOOD ST-iCK!'/
         tHEN HE SA-iD TO H-iTN ~ ShALL PREACH TO YOU ThE H-iDDEN
         PRECEPTS! cOME TO ThE MOUNTA-iN OF lHA-R-i SN-ing-PO." hE
         PROCEEDED ThERE. aT F-iRST dAM-PA ASKED H-iM ABOUT ThE
         TRA-iN-iNG OF ThE m-iND/ AND ThEN HE OBTA-iNED PRECEPTS
         ON -iT. aFTER ThAT (dAM-PA) PREACHED TO H-iM ThE PRECEPTS OF
   (19B) ThE ORD-iNARY PATh (LAM ThUN-MON-PA/-i GDAMS-NAG) OF ThE
         pRAJNâƒPâƒRAM-iTâƒ. tHEN HE TAUGHT H-iM ThE PRECEPTS OF ThE-
         EXTRAORD-iNAL-Y pRAJâ¤APâƒRAM-iTA (pHAR-PHY-iN ThUN-N Ong-MA-Y-iN-
         A-I GDALMS-ngAG) aFTER ThAT HE TAUGHT H-iLL- TKE COMMON
         PRECEPTS O~ ThE tANTRA/ AND ThE EXTRAORD-iNARY PRECEPTS OF ThE
         tANTRA. oN ThE WHOLE HE TAUGHT H-iM DUR-iNG N-iNE MOUThS
         108 D-iFFERENT PRECEPTS. tHEN -icE ASKED dAN~-PA PERN~-iSS-iO
         TO FOLLOW AFTER H-iM WHEREVER HE WOULD GO. dAM-PA ThE
         MAN-iFESTED HLM ThE SYMBOL OF POUR-iNG FROM A ~ESSEL F-iiLED
         W-iTh WATER -iNTO AN EMPTY ONE/ AND SA-iDH ~yOU AND i HAVE
         BECOME EQUALS! yOU NEED NOT FOLLOW ME! sHOULD YL)U FOLLOW-
         AFTER ME/ YOUR PARENTS W-iLL BECOME D-iSPLEASED. gO TO YOUR
         NAT-i~E PLACE AND PRACT-iSE MED-iTAT-iON." L(~HE HAV-iNG RETURNED
         TO H-iS NAT-iVE PLACE/ CONCENTRATED H-iMSELF ~N MED-iTAT-iON FOLLOW-
         -iNG ThE -iNSTRUCT-iONS G-iVEN BY dAM-PA. dAM-PA ALSO SAW ThE
         mA-n-i-PADMA OF lOWER yER-PA (PROBABLY A ~AMOUS ROCK-CUT
         -iNS~R-iPT-iON MADE BY SOME FAMOUS TEACHER). ~-i-MA BYAN-
                                                                          p.909
         CL~UB/ ThE COUS-iN OF LcE/ WKO WAS STUD~-iNG UNDER bA-R-i-PA/
         MET dA~-PA AT d-ing-R-i. eXCEPT FOR SOME SYMBOLS/ ThE tEA-
         FHER D-iD NOT G-iVE H-iM ANY TEACH-iNGS -iN WORDS. tHOUGH
         FA-iTh WAS BORN -iN H-iM/ dAM-PA D-iD NOT -iNSTRUCT H-iM W-iTh D1E
         HCLP OF WORDS. tHCREFORE HE RETURNED TO H-iS NAT-iVE PLACE/ AND
         PRESENTED A HORSE TO LcE cANDRAKâŒRT-i/ AND RCQUESTED FOR YRE-
         CEPTS. hE BESTOWED ON H-iM SEVCRAL EXTRAORD-iTLARY PRECEPTS OF
         ThE mANTRAYâƒNA/ SUCH AS ThE SkTL-GSUng-Th~LGS (NAME OF A SECT-iON
         OF dAM-PA/S PRECEPTS)/ ThC sEMS-N-iD GC-iG PU (NAME OF ;i SECT-iON
         CF dAM-PA'S PRECEPTS~/ ThE pHYAG-RGYA GC-iG (NAME OF ANOThER
         SECT-iON) AND ThE pHYAG-RGYA L)Z-i/ ThE r-iNL-LngA/ ThE sEMS~
         GROS-'DEBS/ AND OThER PRECEPTS. hE PREACHED ONLY ~ FEW PRE-
         CEPTS TO H-iS FAThER/ TO sA-ThEN/ TO SgOM-CHEN bRAG-PO/ AND
         O~HERS/ WHO HAD ASKED H-iM ABOUT PRECEPTS BESTOWED BY dAM-
         PA. tHE âƒCâƒRYA rAHULAVAJRA/ AN ATTENDANT OF LcE cANDRAKLRT-i/
         RECE-iVED ORD-iNAT-iON AT ThE AGE O~ 17/ hE D-iD NOT SEPARATE
         FROM ThE BLA-MA cANDRAKâŒRT-i/ EVEN FOR ONE N-iGHT/ T-iLL ThE
         LACTER'S DEATh/ AND RECE-iVED FROM H-iM ThE COMPLETE H-iDDEN PRE-
         CEPTS Oe ThE wENERABLE oNE (dAM-PA). cANDRAKLRT-i SA-iDH ~yOU
         ShOULD MED-iTATE L-iKE MYSELF/ BUT DO NO~ PREACH -iT TO OThERS !
   (20A) yOU ShOULD EAT ThE WHOLE CARCASS OF ThE ShEEP YOURSEL~ ~ThAT
         -iS/ KEEP ThE dOCTR-iNE TO YOURSELF--SA-GZUG RAN-ZO/ A FAMOUS
         PROVETB FREQUENTLY QUOTED BY ThE WR-iTETS OF ThE BkA'-GDAMS-
         PA). yOU ShOULD DR-iNK MELTED BUTTER AND W-iPE YOUR MOUTh
         W-iTh A LUMP OF EARTh (-i.E. ACT/ AS -iF YOU D-iD NOT GET PRE-
         CEPTS)/" SAY-iNG SO/ HE -iMPOSED ON H-iM A VOW. fROM H-iM
         ThE MONK byang-chub ye-shes HEARD ThE dOCTR-iNE. aT F-iRST HE
         STUD-iED MUCH ThE PRE~EPTS O~ ThE BkA/-GDAMS-PAS AND ThE
         '~dOMA-iN OF ThE pRACT-iCE" (SpYOD-PHYO~/S) UNDER ThE KALYâƒNA-
         M-iTRA yAN-GAR;-PA/ DgE-GOR;-PA/ AND OThERS/ AND MASTERED
         ThEM. tHEN HE LEARNED NUMEROUS TE~CTS O~ ThE aBH-iDHARMA
         AND ThE mâƒDHYAMAKA. hE ThEN STUD-iED MANY '~oLD" AND
         ~nEW" tANTRAS. fROM ~-i-MA BYAR;-CHUB/ WHO D-i~D AT SpAng-
         DUG-MO/ HE OBTA-iNED ThE C~MPLETE PRECEPTS OF dAM-PA. aFTER
         ~HAT HE STUD-iED ThE L-iST OF PRECEPTS WH-iCH HAD BEEN TAUGHT BY
         dAM-PA TO LcE/ AND OBTA-iNED ThE PRECEPTS FROM râƒHULABHADRA.
                                                                          p.910
         hAV-iNG UNDERSTOOD TL~AT ThE ESSENCE CF ThE dO.TT-iNE WAS CON-
         TA-iNED -iN TL~E PR~CEPTS OF dAM-PA/ HE STAYED -iN ThE MED-iTA-
         T-iVE CELL OF cANDRAKâŒRT-i. hE ShOWED GREAT DEVOT-iON (TOWATDS
         L~-iM)/ AND -iN H-iS DREALd SAW cANDRAKâŒRT-i AS HE HAD SEEN H-iM
         BEFCRE/ S-iTT-iNG -iN hEAVEN AND PREACH-iNG PRECEPTS. hE ThOUGHT
         WBEThER ThE DR~ANL WAS DUE TO 'N-iS FA-iTh (-iN cANDRAKâŒRT-i)/
         OR ThAT -iT RCPRESENTED AN -iLLUS-iON CREATED BY DpE-DKAR. iN
         ThE N1ORNULG ThE ACARY~A SEN~ A MESSENGER TO H-iM AND TOLD H-iM
         TO CO~NE ThERE. hAV-iNG GONE ThERE/ ThE âƒCARYA râƒHULAVAJRA
         SM-iLED AT H-iM AND GAVE H-iM WHATEVER REMA-iNED OF H-iS FOOD/
         SAY-iNGH ~lAST N-iGHT i RECE-iVED A PROPHECY FRON~ ThE BLA-MA
         cANDRAKâŒRT-i/ WH-iCH SA-iD ThAT "HE W-iLL BE ABLE TO MASTER MY
         ENT-iRE dOCTR-iNE. oFFER -iT TO H-iM! nOW i HAVE BROUGHT ALL
         ThE BOOKS/ AND L~AVE PLACED ThEM -iN FRONT O~ YOU/ O~ET-i~G
         ThEM TO YOU./' eTET F-iN-iSh-iNG .~EA/ HE PRESENTED H-iM W-iTh
         ThE ANC-iENT BOOKS OF PRECEPTS/ AND TOLD H-iM NOT TO G-iVE ThEM
         TO ThOSE WKO HAD BROKEN ThE-iR VOWS/ AND To ThOSE WHO WERE
         UNF-iT TO RECE-iVE ThEM. tHE MONK bYAng-CHUB YE-ShES TAUGHT
         ThE dOCTR-iNE TO ~HUS-PA/ FAThER AND SON. tHEY TAUGHT -iT
         TO rOG sHES RAB-/OD. tH-iS DOCTR-iNE WAS KNOWN BY TKE NAME
   (20B) OF "tHE pRECEPTS OF ThE COMB-iNED sUTRAS AND tANTRAS/"
         BECAUSE ThESE PRECEPTS WERE -iDENT-iCAL -iN N1EAN-iNG W-iTh ThE
         VERSES OF ThE sAâ¤CAYA2 AND ThE nâƒMASAN~âŒT-i/ ThUS ThEY CONTA-iN-
         ED PRECEPTS WH-iCL- BELONGED TO ThE pRAJN~PARAM-iTâƒ/ AND ThE
         tANTR-iC PRECEPTS OF ThE 58 N1ALE AND ~EMALE S-iDDHAS.
         tHE L~Ang SYSTEMH (dAM-PA) BESTOWED ThE PRECEPTS OF
         ThE "UNWR-iTTEN" pRAJâ¤âƒPARAM-iTA (sHER-PHY-iN Y-i-GE MED-PA) ON
         L~AN BkA'-GDAMS-PA OF 'cH-iMS-YUL. L~Ang P~EACHED ThEM
         TO L~AN-CHUng-BA. tHE LATTER TAUGHT ThEM TO 'cHUS-PA/ FAThER
         AND SON. tHEY TAUGHT ThEM TO rOG ~ES-RAB-/OD. (iT -iS SA-iD)
         ThAT ThERE HAD BEEN ONLY ONE METhOD O~ REVEAL-iNG ThE MORAL
         FAULTS OF D-iSC-iPLES (BY PO-iNT-iNG ThEM OUT TO ThEM). tHE
         cHAPTER ON ThE "lESSER" l-iNEAGE TBRGYUD-PHRAN)
 2. (pRAJNAPâ“RAM-iTâ“-SHLNCAYA-Gâ“Thâ“/ MdO-MANS/ LO8(cAT/ D-L fONDS t-iBETA-iN
    LE LA-b-iBL-iOThEQUE nAT-iONALE/ PAR m. lALOU/ pAR-iS/ 1931(~.
                                                                          p.911
         tHE s~ARATE'' l-iNEAGE (BRGYUD-PA-ThOR-BU-B~ (dAM-PA)
         -iMPARTED ON /bRO-SGOM ThE MLShAN-BRjOD GSER-GY-i ThUR-N~A
         (SEEMS TO BE AN EXPLANAT-iON O~ ThE nA~MASAngGLT-i); TO /gU-
         SGOM HE -iMPARTED ThE lAS-RGYA/-i GDAMS-PA (PRECEPTS ON tANTR-iC
         SEXUAL PRACT-iCES); TO (~HU-SGOM ThE PRECEPTS OF Sâ¥-iN-GTAM iHUG-
         PA ( fRANK -iNSTRUCT-iONS"); TO SgO~N-PA DMAR-SGOM ThE PRECEPTS
         OF cH-iG-CHOD-GSUM; TO Gâ¥AGS LO-TSâƒ-L~A Th~ PRECEPTS OF ThC
         eKAVâŒRA sAmVARA; TO icE-MO DPAL-SGOM ThE S-iXTEEN SECT-iONS OF
         ThE MYST-iC EXPER-iE~LCES OF S-iDDHAS; TO ~OR-RjE SGOM-PA OF
         uPPER GL~AL ThE lHAN-C-iG SKYES-SBYOR-i TO GnAS-BRTAN /BYUng-
         GRAGS OF cHU-BAR ThE PRECEPTS OF ~ES-RAB Sâ¤-iR;-PO (-i.E. ThE
         pRAJNâƒPâƒRAM-iTA-Hr-iDAYA (MdO MAngS/ cAT. DU fOND t-iB~TA-iN/
         BY m lALOU~ P. 70/ nO. Ls)1 (); TO SL~AGS-BSAD sHES-RAB
         RGYAL-MTShAN ThE PRECEPTS OF ThE kALACAKRA; TO sHAL-iS-PA DBu-
         SDEBS ThE PRECEPTS OF ~ -i-GE-BZ-i-PA (ThE FORMULA ã¹~EVAm MAYA~
         TO RgYA-STON SKYE-RTSEGS OF Sâ¥E-MO ThE PRECEPTS OF hEVAJRA;
         T㸠~Ang-50A CHUng-BA ThE GUHYASâƒDHANA (GSAN-SGRUB) OF (wAJRA)
         VâƒRAHâŒ; TO ThE BLA-MA DgON-DKAR-BA ThE PRECEPTS OF wAJRAPâƒn-i;
         TO 'bAN-GUng-RGYAL OF SkY-i-SOD (lHA-SA) ThE oRA-i tRAD-iT-iON O~
         sARNVARA; TO mA-GC-iG lABS-SGRON ThE PRECEPTS OF GcOD; ThE
         ABOVE (MENT-iONED PRECEPTS) BELONG TO ThE ~-iNTERMED-iATE//
         l-iNEAGE (BTGYUD-PA BAR-MA). wHEN d2M-PA PROCEEDED TO
   (21A) cH-iNA/ HE MET ON ThE ROAD LEAD-iNG TO wU-T~A-i-ShAN (RtSE-
         iNA/-i R-i) AN OLD SAGE (Rs-i)/ CARRY-iNG A STAFF MADE O~ RATAN WOOD
         (CHU-S-ing). tH-iS WAS A iNAN-iFEST-iON OF mANJUSRL/ WHO SA-iD TO
         H-iMH '~iN Th-iS COUNTRY ThERE ARE MANY EP-iDEM-iCS. aT
         wAJRâƒSANA ThERE EX-iSTS A DHâƒRAn⌠O~ w-iJAYA (RnAM-PAR RGYAL-
         MA). iF YOU BR-iNG -iT TO-DAY/ ThE EP-iDEM-iCS -iN Th-iS COUNTRY
         W-iLL D-iSAPPEAR". dAM-PA -iNQU-iREDH /~wAJRASANA -iS FAR O~.
         fROM WHERE COULD i GER -iT TO-DAY~" tHE SAGE REPL-iEDH
         ~LNS-iDE A CERTA-iN CAV-iTY -iN A ROCK (BRAG-KHUng) ThERE -iS A
         HOLE (BUG-PA). gO ThERE AND BR-iNG -iT HERE//. dAM-PA WENT
         TOWARDS Th-iS CAV-iTY/ AND W-iTh-iN AN -iNSTANT WAS TRANSPOR-
         TED TO wAJRâƒSANA/ AND BACK. hAV-iNG OBTA-iNED ThE DHARANL/
         HE PAC-iF-iED ThE EP-iDEM-iCS. aFTER ThAT HE AGA-iN MET ThE
         wENERABLE mâƒâ¤JUGHOsA ('jAM-DPAL-DTYANS). tHE P-iCTURE
                                                                          p.912
         DEP-iCT-iNG H-iS JOURNEY TO wAJRASANA WAS D~AWN BY cH-iNESE
         (ART-iSTS)/ AND PR-iNTED COP-iES (OF -iT) HAVE FOUND ThE-iR WAY TO
         t-iBET. dAM-PA SPENT 12 YEARS (-iN cH-iNA)/ PREACHED AND
         PROPAGATED ThE DOCTR-iNES N~ ThE ~-i-BYED. iT -iS SA-iD ThAT H-iS
         PRECEPTS AND (H-iS) mED-iTAT-iVC l-iNEAGE EX-iST ThERE ~-iN cH-iNA)
         TO ThE PRESENT DAY W-i~HOUT -iNTERRUPT-iON. sOME MA-iPTA-iN
         EVEN ThAT dAM-PA HAD D-iED -iN cH-iNA./ hAV-iNG
         COME To tLBET/ dAM-PA RCACHED d-iN-R-i -iN ThE YEAR f-iRC-
         fEMALE-oX (ME-MO-GLAN--1 ã¸91 a.d.)/ AND WH-iLE HE WAS
         STAY-iNG -iN ThE CCNTRE OF ThE PLA-iN OF GlAN-'KHOR/ SEVERAL ELDERS
         O~ ThAT P~ACE CAME (TO H-iM) SAY-iNGH ~LT -iS -iMPTOPER ~OR ~
         L~AN FROM ThE BORDER COUNTRY TO SETDE -iN Th-iS PLACE!'// AND
         EXPELLED H-iM. dAM-PA SA-iDH ~lET ~S SEC WHO WAS F-iRST TO
         COMC TO D~-iS COUNTRYj YOU OR L? wHEN i F-iRST CAME TO Th-iS
         COUNTRY/ SUCH AND SUCH WAS -iTS APPEARANCE. lATER -iT BCCAME
         - SO. aGA-iN LATET -iT BECAME SO." tHE ELDERS UNABLE TO ANS-
         WER/ W-iThDREW. h-iS COM-iNG TO d-iN-R-i -iS CALLED ThC ~f-iFTh
         OCCAS-iON." tHC dOCTR-iNES WH-iCH ~ERE TAUGHT BY H-iM S-iNCE-
         ThEN ARE CALLED ThE ~lATER/' l-iNEAGE (BRGYUD-PA PHY-i-MA).
         hE RES-iDED ThERE/ SUBS-iST-iNG -ON W-i!D PEAS (GRO-MA). tHE
         F-iRST TO SEE dAM-PA'S FACE WAS icOG-RO SmYON-PA (NAME OF A
   (21B) FAMOUS t-iBETAN S-iDDHA. aMANUSCR-iPT l-i~E-STORYLRNAM-ThART
         O~ Th-iS S-iDDHA -iS SA-iD TO EX-iST -iN t~BET). (dAM PA'S) BLESS-iNG
         ENTERED -iNS-iDE H-iM/ AND BY MEET-iNG dAM-PA HE OBTA-iNED EMAN-
         C-iPAT-iON. lATER HE STAYED AT SkY-i-SOD (ThE ANC-iENT NAR~E O~  '
         ThE D-iSTR-iCT OF lH~-SA. iN ThE gNTRAL aS-iAN t-iBETAN H-iSTOR-iCAL
         CHRON-iCLES SkY-i-SOD O~TEN CTANDS FOR lBA-SA~. iT -iS SA-iD ThAT
         EVEN TgYA-MA.PA DBoN-STON WAS UNABLE TO DEFEAT H-iM ~-iN ThE
         ATT OF MAG-iC). tHE NEXT TO SEE dAM-PA WAS KlOG-SKYA rAL-
         PA-CAN. oN SCE-iNG ThE ~ACE OF DLE tEACHER A CONCENTRATED
         TRANCE UTh-iCH ENABLED H-iM TO D-iSPENSE W-iTB ~OOD AND CLOTh
         (iTO-GOS M-i-DGOS-PA/-i T-iN-NE-/DZ-iN) WAS BORN -iN H-iM. tHO~GH
         HE D-iD NOT EVEN KNOW ThE ALPHABET/ HE WAS ABLC TO ANSWCR ALL
         QUEST-iONS ON ThE dOCTR-iNE (PUT TO H-iM~. tHE NEXT A~TET H-iM
         TO SEE dAM-PA WAS 'bRO izLA-/OD. hE WAS ~REE FTOM ThE
         ~NOT-iOH O~ ThE REAL-iTY (O~ pHENOMENAL eX-iSTENCE)/ AND F~EED ~ ~1
                                                                          p.913
         FROM ThE E-iGHT WORLDLY DHATMAS. tHC NEXT TO SEE dAM-PA
         WAS sUM-PA kHU-TShAB WHO DEVELOPED ThE NOT-iON OF NOT-
         D-iFeERENT-iAT-iNG DAY AND N-iGHT/ AND DARKNESS D-iD NOT H-iDE
         OBJECTS (~OR H-iM) (-i.E. HE WAS ABLE TO SEE -iN ThE DARK). tHE
         BLA-MA pHYARCHEN WAS ThE F-iTST TO BU-iLD A HO~E (FOR A
         MONASTEQ). hE WAS ThE SON OF ThE K-iNG (MNA'~ G) RtSE-
         LDE (k-iNG OF gUGE/ C. 1076 a.d.). tH-iS MONASTERY WAS
         CONS-iDERED AUSP-iC-iOUS BECAUSE -iTS FOUNDAT-iON WAS LATD BY A
         PETSON OF ROYAL BLOOD. tHE F-iRST NUN/ -iNTO WHOS HANDS
         dAM-PA HAD ENTRUSTED AUSP-iC-iOUS OBJECTS/ WAS DgE-/DUN-SKY-iD/
         ThE LADY OF c~UG-MO-ZA. aFTER HET DXRE HVE BEEN MANY
         (NUNS) -iN WHOM MED-iTAT-iON WAS PRODUCCD BY AUSP-iC-iOUS
         OBJECTS EN~USEED BY dAM-PA. tHE F-iRST MAN TO HONOUR dAM-
         PA WAS RLE ~HR-i-PA. hE HAD SPENT H-iS L-iFE -iNDEPCNDENTLY/
         W-iThOUT ENGAG-iNG -iN AGNCULTUTE OR CATTLCBREED-iNG. tHE
         F-iRST TO RECE-iVE PRECEPTS FROM dAM-PA/ WAS pHYAR~HUN-BA.
         aFTET H-iM MANY HEAD TEACHERS (DBU-CHE) APPCARED. iN ThE
         eAST--dAM-PA pHYAR-CHEN. iN ThE sOUTh--wAjRAKRODHA. iN
         ThE wCST--pHYAR-CHUN. iN ThE nONaH--ThE bO~H-iSATTVA kUN-
         DGA/ (Th-iS W S DLE CH-iEF D-iX-iPLC OF dAM-PA). tHE5E WERE
         KNOWN AS ThE ~'fOUR YOG-iNS GUARD-iNG TBE g~TE'/ (SgO-P~/-i RNAL-
         /BYOR-PA-BZ-i). tHERE WERE ~OO EXCELLENT HEAD DTSC-iPLCS (BU-
         CHEN);. 26 D-iSC-iPLES WHO B~D REMO~CD -iLLUS-iONS/ AND 12 D-iSC-i-
         PKS WHO WETE ABLE TO C~NTeOL TBE-iR MATS (-iC. W~ D-iD NOT
         RA-iSE FROM ThE-iR MED-iTAT-iVE MATS; GDAN-NON~R-i SLO~MS/ A
         COMMON E~CPRESS-iON N~N-iNG ONE ~BLE TO KEEP TO H-iS MED-iTA-
         T-i~!E MAT. a COMMON SAY-iNG SAYSH RTA/-i GON~ PA SLA(
         GDAN-I GON-NON-PA DKA/(~-iT -iS EA~Y TO S-iT ON A HOTSC/)BUT(
         D-iFF-iCULT TO S-iT ON A(MED-iT~T-i~RCLM~T." tHE EXPRESS-iON ALSO
         MCANS SOMET-iME A D-iSC-iPLE ~F-iT TO S-iT ON H-iS tC~CHER'S(M~D-i-
         TAT-iVC(MAT.") oN ThEM dAM-PA ~ESTOWED PRECEPTS SEPARATDY
         ACCORT-iNG TO ThE CHARACTCR OF EACH OF DXM/ ThERE~O C Th~R
         C~NNOT BE -iNDUDED -iN A S-iNGLE l-iNEAGC OF pRECEPTS. dAM-PA
         -iNTRODU~ED ThE BLA-MA pHYAR~HEN TO ThE pR~J~T-i/ WH-iCH
   (22A) COULD BE MED-iTAT~HD UPON/ ANj D~AT WH-iCH COUKT NOT BE MED-i-
         TAT~HD UPON (-i.E. WH-iCH WAS BE~OND MCD-iAT-iON~. hC ~CMOV~D
                                                                          p.914
         H-iS DOUBTS W-iTh ThE HELP OF ThE BkA'-CHO-LU ("lESSER iNSTRUC-
         T-iONS")/ ThE MdO-SBYOR ("cLASS-iF-iCAT-iON OF sUTRAS")/ AND dON-
         SDEBS (~sUMMARY OF mEAN-iNG"). pHYAR-CHUN WAS -iNTRODUCED
         BY dAM-PA TO ThE PRECEPTS WH-iCH D-iD NOT D-iFFERENT-iATE BETWEEN
         tANTRA AND pRAJN⃠PARAM-iTA hE SET H-iS M-iND -iN EQU-iL-iBR-iUM
         W-iTh ThE HELP OF ThE FOUR SEVA-SâƒDHANAS (BSâ¤EN-SGRUB-BZ-i).
         dAM-PA USED TO SAYH "wALRAKRODHA -iS F-iT FOR ThE pATh OF bLES-
         S-iNG/" AND MADE H-iM PRAY CONT-iNUOUSLY. dAM-PA SA-iDH "tHE
         bODH-iSATTVA kUN-D3~A/ BELONGS TO ThE TYPE OF -iND-iV-iDUALS OF GRA-
         DUAL (SP-iR-iTUAL) DEVELOPMENT." hE -iMPARTED TO H-iM ThE "pUR-i-
         F-iCAT-iON OF ThE m-iND" (BlO-SBYON)/ AND MADE H-iM PRACT-iSE ThE
         F-iVE K-iNDS OF PENANCE. dAM-PA SA-iDH "tHE BLA-MA RdZOng-
         PA BELONGS TO ThE TYPE OF -iND-iV-iDUALS OF SPONTANEOUS (SP-iT-iTUAL)
         DEVELOPMENT." wE -iNTRODUCED H-iM TO ThE S-iNGLE -iN-iT-iAT-iON
         (DBAN GC-iG-MO) OF ThE mAH⃠MUDRâƒ/ AND ESTABL-iShED H-iM ON
         ThE pATh. hE ESTABL-iShED ThE BLA-MA RgYA-SGOM-PA ON ThE
         -iMMATULATE pATh (DR-i-MED SRANS) AND -iMPATTED ThE PRECEPT
         CALLED "tHE -iDENT-iF-iCAT-iON OF ThE m-iND" (R-iG-PA NOS-'DZ-iN).
         tO ThE BLA-MA ~HUG HE -iMPARTED ThE PRECEPTS OF ThE pATh OF
         ThE fOUR iN-iT-iAT-iONS/ EXPLA-iNED BY SYMBOLS/ AND ESTABL-iShED
         H-iM ON ThE pATh OF ThE fOUR iN-iT-iAT-iONS TO SERVE AS ANT-iDOTE.
         tO DBuS-PA SgRO-STON AFTER ThE ~S~L-iN-PO-I DON." ("tHE
         mEAN-iNG OF eSSENCE") AND ThE TN~ON-RTOGS/ HE GAVE ALL
         EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE CHARACTER-iST-iCS OF BOTh ThE TYPES OF -iND-iV-i-
         DUAL/ ThAT OF ThE GRADUAL (SP-iR-iTUAL) DEVELOPMENT/ AND ThAT OF
         ThE SPONTANEOUS (SP-iR-iTUAL) DEVELOPMENT. iN ORDER TO REMOVE H-iS
         DOUBTS/ HE PREACHED ThE "tHREE l-iNEAGES OF mEAN-iNG" (dON-
         RGYUD-SKOR-GSUM). tO ThE BLA-MA yE-GZ-i /BAR-RE HE TAUGHT
         (ThE dOCTR-iNE)/ BAS-iNG H-iMSELF ON (H-iS) BlO-BRAL SEMS-KY-i ME-
         LON/ AND -iNTRODUCED H-iM To ThE SUBJECT OF mAH⃠MUDRâƒ. hE
         -iNTRODUCED ~A-MA/ S-iSTER AND BROThER/ TO BOTh ThE TYPES OF
         -iND-iV-iDUAL/ ThAT OF ThE SPONTANEOUS AND ThAT OF ThE GRADUAL
         (SP-iR-iTUAL) DEVELOPMENT/ BAS-iNG H-iMSELF ON ThE MA-iN TEXT OF
         ThE dOHA. tHUS MOST OF H-iS PRECEPTS WERE PRACT-iSED BY
         -iND-iV-iDUALS/ WHO OBTA-iNED EMANC-iPAT-iON/ BUT WERE NOT GENER-
         ALLY KNOWN. dAM-PA SPENT 21 YEARS AT d-iN-R-i/ FROM ThE YEAR
                                                                          p.915
         f-iRE-fEMALE-oX (ME-MO-GLAng--1097 a. d.) T-iLL ThE f-iRE-
         EMALE-hEN (ME-MO-BYA--1117 a.d.) YEAR. hAV-iNG BENEF-i-
         TTED MANY BELONG-iNG TO D-iFFERENT RACES/ HE PASSED AWAY.
         tHE bODH-iSATTVA kUN-DGA'/ ONE ThE FOUR "YOG-iN GATE-
         KEEPERS"/ WROTE ON ABOUT ThREE PAGES ThE KACH-iNG OF dAM-
         PA/ AND CALLED -iT ThE "BkA'-CK~LU-I si~oT." tHE BLA-MA
   (22B) pHYAG-CHUN WROTE ONE AND HALF PAGES WH-iCH HE CALLED ThE
         
         "dUM-DUM KHR-iGS-KY-i SKOR" ("UNCOMPLETE/ BUT EXACT").
         pHYAR-CHEN WROTE ONE PAGE CALLED ThE "BkA'-MDO-SBYOR-GY-i
         SKOR. wAJRAKRODHA/ WROTE HALF A PAGE ENT-iTLED "r-iN-PO-CHE
         dON-SDEBS-KY-i SKOR." iN Th-iS MANNER ThEY COLLECTED ThE
         TEACH-iNG OF dAM-PA. oN ThE ABOVE (D-iSC-iPLES)/ ThE bODH-iSATTVA
         kUN-DGA/ WAS ThE ONE TO WHOM (dAM-PA) ENTRUSTED ThE
         "s-iNGLE" l-iNEAGE (CH-iG-RGYUD)/ SAY-iNGH "tHE T~OOD (SWA-CHU)
         ShOULD BE D-iRECTED TOWARDS kUN-DGA/ ".
            tHE STORY OF ThE 24 NUNS (MA-MO)/ WHO HAD FA-iTh -iN dAM-
         PA/ AS RELATED BY ThE bODH-iSATTVA kUN-DGA'H sANS-RGYASH
         HER NAT-iVE PLACE WAS cHU-BZANS OF ~RâŒ-R-i (NEAR ~EL-DKAR RDZON).
         sHE WAS ThE BELOVED DANGHTER OF HER PARENTS/ WHO POSSESSED
         sUTRA BOOKS iN ThE COMPANY OF E-iGHT OR N-iNE G-iRLS ShE
         V-iS-iTED dAM-PA. sHE PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON FOR N-iNE YEARS
         W-iThOUT RETURN-iNG TO HER NAT-iVE PLACE/ AND A YOG-iC -iNS-iGHT
         WAS PRODUCED -iN HER. dAM-PA HAV-iNG PERCE-iVED HER DEATh/
         SA-iDH "o kUN-DGA'/ TO-DAY NOT FAR FROM YOU/ A PERSON/ WHO
         HAD SEEN ThE bUDDHA/ W-iLL PASS AWAY! dO YOU KNOW Th-iS
         PERSON?" kUN-DGA' REPL-iEDH "iS Th-iS dAM-PA YOURSEL?" dAM-
         PA SA-iDH "iT -iSN'T! bUT ONE WHO -iS L-iKE ME." aFTER A
         ShORT WH-iLE (EN-TSAM-NA)/ ThE LADY sANS-RGYAS PASSED AWAY.
         a-iTER ThE CREMAT-iON OF HER REMA-iNS/ ThE SKY WAS F-iLLED W-iTh
         RA-iNBOWS.
            GsER BTSUN-MAH HER NAT-iVE PLACE WAS ~A-MA PHA-DRUG.
         sHE ASKED HER FAThER'S ADV-iCE/ SAY-iNGH "i ShALL BE V-iS-iT-iNG
         dAM PA." tHE FAThER SA-iDH "tHE YOG-iN AND NUNS BELONG
         TO D-iFFERENT SECTS. dON/T GO!" sHE WENT HOWEVER/ AND ASKED
         dAM PA FOR H-iDDEN PRECEPTS. dAM-PA REVEALED HER TRUE
         NAME/ AND ShE MASTERED ThE PRECEPTS. sHE ShOWED GREAT
                                                                          p.916
         D-iL-iGENCE -iN MED-iTAT-iON AND USED TO SAY OFTENaH "tHE Th-iEF
         W-iLL BE COM-iNG!" (-i.E. DEATh -iS APPROACH-iNG). sHE L-iVED FOR
         A HUNDRED YEATS. aFTER HER DEATh/ ThE SKY WAS F-iLLED W-iTh
         RA-iNBOWS. (oN HER CREMAT-iON) MANY REL-iCS WERE LEFT BEH-iND/
         -iNCLUD-iNG AN -iMAGE OF wAJRASATTVA.
            tHE LADY KlAN-CHUNaH hER NAT-iVE PLACE WAS lA-STOD StAG-
   (23A) SDE. sHE OBTA-iNED PRECEPTS FROM dAM-PA AND kUN-DGA'/
         PRACT-iSED ThEM/ AND OBTA-iNED SP-iR-iTUAL REAL-iZAT-iON. aFTER ThE
         DEATh OF dAM-PA/ ShE SETTLED -iN GlAN-'KHOR. sHE D-iED AT ThE
         AGE OF 81. nUMEROUS REL-iCS WERE LEFT BEH-iND.
            tHE LADY 'bAR-MAH HER NAT-iVE PLACE WAS uPPER mYAN.
         sHE BECAME ThE W-iFE OF dAM-PA ~HUG AND OBTA-iNED PRECEPTS
         FROM dAM-PA. fOR ThREE YEARS ShE WANDERED L-iKE A DEER -iN
         ThE MOUNTA-iNS/ PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON AND A YOG-iC -iNS-iGHT (RTOGS-
         PA) WAS BORN -iN HER. sHE PASSED AWAY AT tShES-SPON OF uPPER
         mYAN/ AND NUMEROUS REL-iCS WERE LEFT AFTER HER.
            tHE LADY r-i-MAH ShE WAS A NAT-iVE OF RtSAN-RON
         SNAR-PA. sHE MARR-iED/ BUT SEPARATED/ BECAUSE HER HUSBAND
         PROVED TO BE A W-iCKED MAN. sHE ACCOMPAN-iED SOME MER-
         CHANTS AND MET dAM-PA. sHE OBTA-iNED H-iDDEN PRECEPTS FROM
         H-iM AND PRACT-iSED ThEM FOR SEVEN YEARS. a YOG-iC -iNS-iGHT WAS
         BORN -iN HER. aFTER HET DEATh/ dAM-PA C-iRCUMAMBULATED HET
         TOMB MANY T-iMES/ AND ALL WERE SURPR-iZED AT Th-iS. mANY
         REL-iCS WERE LEFT BEH-iND.
            tHE LADY yE-SES iCAM HER NAT-iVE PLACE WAS mAN-YUL
         gUN-ThAN. sHE WAS AN ATTENDANT (R-iE-GNAS-MA) OF A FEMALE
         S-iDDHA/ NAMED ThE LADY RJE-MO/ WHO D-iED AT ThE AGE OF ~01.
         sHE WAS EXPERT -iN ThE WORSh-iP OF ThE tEACHER/ AND HAD A SPEC-iAL
         REVERENCE TOWARDS dAM-PA. a YOG-iC -iNS-iGHT WAS BORN -iN HER.
         sHE PASSED AWAY AT gUN-ThAN. (oN HER CREMAT-iON) MANY
         SOUNDS/ L-iGHTS AND RA-iNBOWS WERE OBSERVED.
            tHE LADY cHOS-SGRONaH ShE WAS A NAT-iVE OF lA-STOD idOG-
         PA. sHE WAS ThE W-iFE OF bODH-iSATTVA kUN-DGA/. oNCE WHEN
         kun dga' STAYED TOO LONG -iN ThE PRESENCE OF dAM-PA/ ShE
         GTEW ANGRY/ AND HAV-iNG CAUGHT H-iM BY ThE HA-iR/ DRAGGED H-iM
         OUT. kUN-DGA' HOWEVER RESPECTED HER/ AND D-iD NOT REPROVE
                                                                          p.917
         HER/ BUT ONLY SA-iDH "pROCEED SLOWLY! nOW AREN'T YOU
         PLEASED?" tHE WOMAN SUFFERED PA-iNS AT ThE T-iME OF HER
         DEATh/ BECAUSE OF ThE -iN~R-iNGEMENTS OF HER VOWS. fOR Th-iS
         REASON ShE -iS ThE MOST -iNS-iGN-iF-iCANT (NAN SOS) AMONG ThE 24
         NUNS.
            tHE LADY mA-GCESH HER NAT-iVE PLACE WAS lA-STOD mAN-
         'GAR. sHE WAS TAKEN AS W-iFE BY kUN-DGA'/ AND OBTA-iNED PRE-
         CEPTS FROM BOTh FAThER AND SON (-i.E. dAM-PA AND kUN-DGA').
         sHE PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON W-iTh D-iL-iGENCE AND OBTA-iNED SP-iR-iTUAL
         REAL-iZAT-iON. sHE D-iED -iN Th-iS nORThERN lA-STOD. aFTER HER
         CREMAT-iON/ AN -iRNAGE OF wAJRASATTVA AND MANY OThER REL-iCS
         WERE iEFT BEH-iND.
            tHE LADY cHOS-SKYABSH HER NAT-iVE PLACE WAS kHU-LE OF
         uPPER mYAng. fA-iTh HAV-iNG BEEN BORN -iN HER/ ShE PROCEEDED
         TOWARDS GlAng-/KHOR. sHE RENOUNCED HER CONS-iDERABLE WEALTh/
         AND FOR 12 YEARS SUBS-iSTED ON WATER ONLY (CHU-'ThUN-BYED-PA).
         sHE PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON AND A YOG-iC -iNS-iGHT WAS BORN -iN HER.
         aT ThE T-iME OF HER DEATh/ MANY REL-iCS WERE LEFT BEH-iND.
            tHE LADY cHOS-SKY-iDH HET NAT-iVE PLACE WAS yA-'BROG
         KHOB-LE. sHE WAS MARR-iED/ AND ThOUGH ShE GOT CH-iLDREN
         AND GAThERED WEALTh/ ShE USED TO' SAY ThAT ShE WAS GO-iNG
         TO EMBRACE REL-iG-iON. hER BROThER ThE KALYANA-M-iTRA G~AL-
         STON SA-iDH "i~ YOU HAVE DEC-iDED TO DO NOTh-iNG ELSE/ BUT
         FOLLOW REL-iG-iON/ ThEN GO TO dAM-PA sANS-RGYAS WHO RES-iDES AT
         ~-ing-R-i -iN lA-STOD." sHE WENT TO GlAN-/KHOR (NEAR d-iN-R-i)
         AND SPENT A LONG T-iME ThERE. sHE PASSED A~/VAY TWO YEARS
         AFTER dAM-PA/S DEATh. tHERE WERE MANY TEL-iCS LEFT A~TER HER.
         tHE LADY SgUR-MOH ShE WAS A NAT-iVE OF ~HHU-BZANS OF
         sHRâŒ-R-i -iN lA-STOD. sHE SPENT TEN YEARS AT GlAN-'KHOR AND
         PASSED AWAY AT ThAT PLACE. tHERE WERE MANY REL-iCS LEFT AFTER
         HER (CREMAT-iON).
            tHE LADY lHA-MOH HER NAT-iVE PLACE WAS StOD-LUNS r-i-MA.
         hER FAM-iLY NAME WAS /bER. hAV-iNG ABANDONED HER NAT-iVE
         PLACE/ ShE SPENT S-iX YEARS AT GlAN-/KHOR. aFTER ThE DEATh OF
         ~AM-PA/ ShE RETURNED TO (HER~ NAT-iVE PLACE/ AND STAYED ThERE
         FOR ThREE YEARS. lATER ShE PROCEEDED TO L)-iN-R-i/ AND SPENT A
                                                                          p.918
         LONG T-iME ThERE. sHE D-iED ThERE/ AND ON HER DEATh RA-iNBOWS
         AND L-iGHTS WERE OBSERVED.
            tHE LADY mYAN-MOH ShE WAS A NAT-iVE OF tShA-ROng OF sHAB.
         fA-iTh HAV-iNG BEEN BORN -iN HER/ ShE NNET dAM-PA. a~TER
         SPEND-iNG ~EN YEATS AT GlAng-/KHOR ShE PA~SED AWAY. (oN HET
         CTEMAT-iON) AN -iMAGE OF ThE TWO-FACED wâƒTAHL (ZAL-GN-iS-MA) WAS
         LEFT BEH-iND/ AND MANY TA-iNBOWS AND L-iGHTS WETE OBSERVED.
         tHE LADY DbAng-PHYUG iCAMH ShE WAS A NAT-iVE OF StOD-
         LUR;S STOR;-KHUR;. sHE WENT TO V-iS-iT nEPâƒL AND MET dAM-PA.
         aFTER SPEND-iNG 1 L YEARS AT GL.AN-/KHOR/ ShE D-iED. hER cRENLA-
         T-iON WAS ACCOMPAN-iED BY MANY AUSP-iC-iOUS S-iGNS.
            tHE LADY RdO-RjE RGYANaH HER NAT-iVE PLACE WAS d-ing-R-i
         GdON-PA. sHE WAS OF A VERY ATTRACT-iVE APPEARANCE. sHE HAD
         FA-iTh -iN ThE TEACH-iNG OF dAM-PA AND SPENT 15 YEARS AT GlAng-
   (24A) 'KHOR. lATER ShE DESTROYED HET -iLLUSORY V-iS-iONS (/kHTUL-Z-iG-TU
         SON-BA/ Th-iS EXPRESS-iON -iS APPL-iED TO ThOSE S-iDDHAS WHO HAV-iNG
         ATTA-iNED A H-iGHER STAGE/ APPEAR TO BE MAD TO OUTS-iDERS~. aT
         ThE T-iME OF HER DEATh/ A~TER COMPLET-iNG ALL PREPARAT-iONS FOR
         ThE CREMAT-iON/ ALL SAW HER ~ED BY A LUM-iNOUS BODY PROCEED-iNG
         TOWARDS ThE SUMM-iT OF ThE NORThERN MOUNTA-iNS. tH-iS WAS
         SA-iD TO HAVE BEEN PROPHES-iED BY DAK-iNâŒS. nEXT DAY/ AT DAWN/
         ThEY CARR-iED (ThE BODY) TO ThE nORThERN mOUNTA-iNS/ AND ThE
         L-iGBT PRECEDED ThE BODY. aLL MEN SAW DUR-iNG SEVEN DAYS ThE
         LUM-iNOUS ShAPE V-iBRAT-iNG W-iThO~T D-iSAPPEAR-iNG.
            tHE LADY nAM-MKHA/-GSALH ShE WAS A NAT-iVE OF 'oL-KHA -iN
         DBuS. sHE WAS ENDOWED W-iTh A CLEAR UNDERSTAND-iNG/ AND A
         FA-iR COMPLEX-iON. sHE SPENT S-iX YEARS W-iTh dAM-PA/ OBTA-iNED
         -iNSTRUCT-iON -iN ThE dOCTR-iNE/ PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON/ AND OBTA-iNED
         SP-iR-iTUAL REAL-iZAT-iON. aFTER ThE DEATh OF dAM-PA/ ShE L-iVED
         FOR FOUR YEARS MORE/ AND (HER) UR-iNE WAS TRANS~ORMED
         -iNTO HONEY. aFTER ThAT ShE JOURNEYED TO DBuS/ AND PASSED
         ~1VAY AT bYAng AT ThE AGE OF 84. aLL HER MORTAL REMA-iNS
         CHANGED -iNTO REL-iCS.
            tHE LADY SgRO-NEH ShE WAS FOND OF POMP/ WAS D-iST-iN-
         GU-iShED BY L-iBERAL-iTY TO ThE POOR/ AND WAS SURROUNDED BY A
         NUMEROUS RET-iNUE. bECAUSE OF HER PROUD NATURE/ dAM-PA
                                                                          p.919
         USED TO R-iSE (~ROTN H-iS SEAT) WHENEVER HE ACKNOWLEDGED HET
         SALUTAT-iON/ AND EXC~A-iMH ~'o!/' (U-LAGS). hE USED TO HONOUR
         HER -iN Th-iS MANNET. sHE HELD dAM-PA -iN REVERENCE AND
         RECE-iVED H-iS BLESS-iNG. sHE ThEN D-iSM-iSSED ALL HET RET-iNUE AND
         ENT~RED MED-iTAT-iON. lATER ShE BECAME A DEVOUT.
            tHE LADY 'pHAN-MOH HER NAT-iVE PLACE WAS /pHAN-YUL. sHE
         L-iVE~L W-iTh ONE ATTENDANT AT GlAng-'KHOR (NEAR d-iN-R-i)/ AND BOTh
         D-iED AT ThE SAME T-iME. (aT ThE T-iME OF HER DEATh) ThE VALLEY
         WAS F-iLLED W-iTh MED-iCATED PERFUME (SMAN-DT-i)/ AND MANY AUSP-i-
         CLOUS S-iGNS WERE OBSERVED. aLL WETE F-iLLED W-iTh WONDER.
            tHE LADY RJE'U-MAH HER NAT-iVE PLACE WAS oN-PO. sHE WAS
         AN EXPERT WEAVER/ WAS OBED-iENT/ AND ATTENDED ON dAM-PA.
         sHE SPENT MANY YEARS AT d-iN-R-i. sHE D-iED/ HAV-iNG SPENT MANY
         YEARS AT gUN-ThAng. hER BODY WAS CARR-iED TO ThE MOUNTA-iNS/
         AND AN -iMAGE OF tâƒRA WAS (AFTERWARDS) RECOVERED ON ThE
         PLACE WHERE ThE BODY HAD BEEN LE~T.
            tHE LADY rO-ZAN-MAH HER NAT-iVE PLACE WAS gUN-ThAN.
         sHE WAS ThE BR-iDE OF RgYA SgOM-MA. dAM-PA SPOKE BEFORE-
         HAND OF HER COM-iNG. a YOG-iC -iNS-iGHT (RTOGS-PA) WAS BORN
         -iN HER/ AND ShE OBTA-iNED SP-iR-iTUAL REAL-iZAT-iON. sHE OVERCAME
         CONSTRUCT-iVE ThOUGHTS. sHE PASSED AWAY AT gUN-ThAN.
   (24B) dUR-iNG HER CREMAT-iON SMOKE TURNED -iNTO L-iGHT.
            tHE LADY ~AngS-CHUN-MAH HER NAT-iVE PLACE WAS ~AngS-PA.
         wHEN ShE WAS GO-iNG TO SEE A LOCAL FA-iR/ ShE MET dAM-PA.
         f-iLLED W-iTh REVERENCE FOR dAM PA/ ShE ENTERED ThE GATE OF
         REL-iG-iON. sHE SPENT S-iX YEARS AT GlAN-'KHOR/ AND AFTER ThE
         DEATh CF dAM-PA ShE SETTLED AT sHAngS. oN ThE CREMAT-iON OF
         HER BODY/ MANY REL-iCS WERE RECOVETED.
            tHE STORY OF ~A-CHUng-MA (mA-GC-iG lABS-SGRON-MA) WAS
         RELATED ABOVE. G~ON-NU-MA/ A G-iRL FROM d-iN-T-i-GDONaH hER
         NAT-iVE PLACE WAS mAR-MA OF uPPER DBu-RU. oNCE ShE CAME
         TO TRADE W-iTh HER FAThER/ AND MET dAM-PA. sHE FELT FA-iTh -iN
         H-iS TEACH-iNG/ AND WAS BLESSED BY H-iM. a YOG-iC -iNS-iGHT WAS
         BORN -iN HER. sHE USED TO KEEP S-iLENT/ PRETEND-iNG TO BE DUM~.
         sHE PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON/ BUT D-iED SOON AFTETWARDS. aT ThE
         T-iME OF HER DEATh/ dAM-PA SA-iDH ~'tO-MORROW MOTN-iNG -iN
                                                                          p.920
         Th-iS PLACE OF OURS A S-iDDHA W-iLL PASS AWAY./' tHER -iNQU-iREDH
         ~w-iLL dAM-PA PASS OUT?" dAM-PA TEPL-iEDH ~nOT 1 !
            tHERE -iS A G-iRL LONG-iNG TO GO TO odD-iYâƒNA./' nEXT MORN-iNG
         ShE D-iED/ W-iThOUT BE-iNG -iLL.
            tHE FEMALE ALMS-G-iVER (NA-MA3 kHY-iM-PA-MOH ShE WAS
         KNOWN AS ThE ALMS-G-iVER RdOR-GSAL OF bOng-SOD. sHE AMASSED
         CH-iLDTEN/ HUSBAND AND WEALTh/ AS WELL AS FA-iTh/ D-iL-iGENCE/ AND
         REVERENCE. sHE WAS COMPASS-iONATE AND CHAT-iTA~LE. aT ThE
         T-iME OF HER DEATh/ ThE VALLEY WAS F-iLLED W-iTh TA-iNBOWS AND
         L-iGHTS. (hET MORTAL TEMA-iNS) WETE CHANGED -iNTO TEL-iCS/ AND
         ALL WETE F-iLLED W-iTh WONDER.
            tHE CHAPTER ABOUT ThE 24 NUNS (MA-~O/ LADY).
            tHE bODH-iSATTVA kUN-DGA'H tHROUGHOUT F-iVE FORMER
         EX-i~TENCES HE HAD BEEN ADOPTED BY dAM-PA/ iN Th-iS L-iFE/
         HE WAS BOTN -iN ThE YEAR wATER-mALE-t-iGER (CHU-PHO-STAG--
         1062 a.d.) AS SON OF FAThET StOD-PA kHR-i-BZA-i~S AND MOThE
         ~MO dAR-MA (ThE LADY dAR-MA) AT tShA-GUng/ EAST OF d-iN R-i.
         wHEN HE WAS CALLED StOD-CHUN 'bUM-ME bYAng-RA/ HE CR-iED/
         SAY-iNGH ~1 AM kUN-DGA"'/ AND SO BECAME KNOWN BY ThE NAME
   (25A) OF kUN-DGA'. hE MARR-iED ThE LADY SkYUR-MO GZA'/ AND A
         SON/ GsER-'OD/ WAS BORN TO ThEM. hE GAVE UP ALL WORLDLY
         OCCUPAT-iONS/ AND H-iS W-iFE AND SON WERE OBL-iGED TO BEG AFTER
         H-iS MEANS HAD COME TO AN END. wHEN HE WAS 39/ -iN ThE
         YEAR iRON-dRAGON (LCAGS-'BRUG--1100 a.d.)/ WH-iCH WAS ThE
         Th-iRD YEAT S-iNCE ThE COM-iNG OF dAM-PA TO GlAT;-/KHOR/ H~
         DECE-iVED H-iS W-iFE BY SAY-iNG TO HERH '~i AM GO-iNG ON A RA-iD
         TOWARDS S~E-NAM LA-KHA"/ BUT -iNSTEAD WENT TO GlAng-'KHOR
         TO -iNTETV-iEW dAM-PA. eARLY ThAT MOTN-iNG/ dAM-PA'S VO-iCE
         RESOUNDEDH ~iNMATES OF ThE MONASTETY/ L-iSTEN! tO-DAY ThE
         HERO RdO-RJE -iS COM-iNG! lET ALL SWEEP (ThE COMPOUND)/
         PREPARE OFLER-iNGS AND GO TO RECE-iVE H-iM W-iTh MUS-iC/'. tHEY
         FOLLOWED H-iS -iNSTRUCTLONS/ AND KEPT WATCH OVER ALL QUARTERS/
         BUT NO ONE CAME. lATER -iN ThE DAY/ A MAN OF EV-iL APPEARANCE/
         DRESSED -iN RAGS/ POORLY ARMED/ CARRY-iNG A SMALL QUANT-iTY
         OF ~OUR AS PROV-iS-iONS/ CAME -iN MEEKLY. lAUGH-iNG SCORNFULLY/
         ALL WENT OUT TO TECE-iVE H-iM. dAM-PA/ PLEASED/ ADVANCED
                                                                          p.921
         TO MEET H-iM/ W-iTh ThE WORDSH ~i AM DEL-iGHTED AT ThE
         COM-iNG HERE OF ThE (DPA/-BO) HERO RdO-RJE!"/ AND ORDERED
         pHYAR-CHUN TO ARRANGE A H-iGH SEAT FOR HERO RdO-RJE (DPA/-BO
         RdO-RjE). aS ThE LATTER D-iD NOT UNDERSTAND Th-iS SYMBOL-iC
         WCRD/ dAM-PA H-iMSELF GAThETED A HEAP OF AShES ON ThE TOP
         OF WH-iCH HE PLACED ~OUR -iNTERCTOSSED ARROWS/ SAY-iNGH ~o
         SON/ PLEAS-iNG TO ALL (kUN-DGA/-BA/-i BU)! iF YOU WERE TO S-iT ON
         -iT/ -iT WOULD BE GOOD!'/ tHEN ThE gURU bODH-iSATTVA HAV-iNG
         GRASPED (W-iTh H-iS HAND) dAM-PA/S GARMENT/ -iNQU-iRED. ~oF
         WHAT NATUTE -iS Th-iS pHENOMENAL eX-iSTENCE? / dAM-PA TEPL-iEDH
         ~wER-iLY -iT -iS AN -iNSECT AM-iDST ThE EXCTEMENTS OF A DOG/ o
         kUN-DGA/ !'/ aGA-iN kUN-DGA/ -iNQU-iREDH ~l-iV-iNG CREATURES
         BORN -iN Th-iS (wORLD) ARE ThEY POSSESSED O~ A CHANCE TO OBTA-iN
         bL-iSS?" dAM-PA REPL-iED -iM-iTAT-iNG W-iTh H-iS F-iNGETS ThE JO-iNTS
         OF A CHA-iNaH ~'tHE SUFFER-iNG -iS L-iKC ThE R-iNGS OF A CHA-iN (WH-iCH
         FOLLOW ONE AFTER ANOThER)." kUN-DGA/ AGA-iN -iNQU-iREDH
         ~'dOES ThERE EX-iST A T-iME DUR-iNG WH-iCH ONE CAN OBTA-iN L-iBERA-
   (25B) T-iON FROM -iT (-i.E. ThE SUFFER-iNG)?" "tHE ENTRY ON ThE pATh
         Ol eMANC-iPAT-iON -iS NOT JO-iNED TO ThE NARROW GORGE OF ThE
         SUBJECT-iVE AND OBJECT-iVE" (-i.E. SUCH ~-iME DOES NOT EX-iST -iN
         ThE CASC OF A PERSON WHO D-iF~ERENT-iATES BETWEEN ThE SUBJECT-iVE
         AND OBJECT-iVE). kUN-DGA/ HAD FA-iTh -iN ThESE WORDS/ AND
         W-iRHOUT Th-iNK-iNG OF H-iS NAT-iVE COUR;TRY/ HE PRACT-iSED PENANCE.
         hE SPENT ALL H-iS T-iME PRAY-iNG BEFORE ThE tEACHER AND ThE
         LATTER'S BLESS-iNG ENTERED H-iM. hE WAS ThUS ABLE TO GRASP ThE
         ROOT OF V-iRTUE. dAM PA WAS PLEASED/ AND SA-iDH ~i ShALL
         MAKE YOU/ ThE HERO WHO HAD COME FROM tShA-GUN/ V-iCTOR-iOUS
         -iN BATTLE L'/ kUN-DGA/ -iNQU-iREDH "bUT HOW ShOULD i WEAR
         MY ARMOUR?" dAM-PA REPL-iEDH '~sLEEP -iN A CAVE WH-iCH CAN
         ACCOMMODATE ONE PERSON ONLY/ AND WEAR A TAGGED GARMENT/
         BARLEY SU~-iC-iENT TO PROTECT YOU FROM EV-iL. l-iVE ON FOOD/
         BARELY SUF~-iC-iENT TO KEEP YOU AL-iVE. pRACT-iSE MED-iTAT-iON
         T-iLL YOU FEEL HATRED TOWARDS -iT. aSSOC-iATE W-iTh NLEN W-iThOUT
         BECOM-iNG -iNT-iMATE W-iTh ThEM (ThESE ARE YOUR ARMOURS).~'
         kUN-DGA' -iNQU-iRED ~hOW ShOULD i MED-iTATE?" dAM-PA
         REPL-iEDH ~yOU ShOULD iNED-iTATE GAZ-iNG UPWARDS/ Th-iS BE-iNG
                                                                          p.922
         AN AUSP-iCLOUS POSTUTE PECUL-iAR TO ThE pRAJâ¤APâƒRAM-iTâƒ." kUN-
         DGA' PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON/ AND ThE POWER OF H-iS W-iSDOM
         SPREAD W-iThOUT L-iM-iTS. ~i!E UNDERSTOOD ThE MEAN-iNG
         OF dEPENDENT oR-iG-iNAT-iON/ AND dAM-PA WAS VERY
         PLEASED. "cOME HERE kUN-DGA'/" EXCLA-iMED dAM-PA.
            wHEN kUN-DGA' CAME -iNTO H-iS PRESENCE/ dAM-PA
         ASKED H-iMH "dO YOU HAVE SUFF-iC-iENT WE-iGHT TO PRESS DOWN
         Th-iS SEAT/ -iS ANO-iNTED AS A ROYAL PR-iNCE? aRE YOU -iN GOOD
         FORM AND UNShAKEN TO CL-iMB Th-iS M-iRACULOUS LADDER? aRE
         YOU ABLE TO RULE ThE FOUR CONT-iNENTS/ -iF COMPARED TO A CAKRA-
         VART-i-RâƒJA RUL-iNG A ThOUSAND "wORLDS)?" tHE gURU bODH-i-
         SATTVA TEPL-iED ~1 HAVE NO KNOWLEDGE OF WORLDLY ACTS/ AND
         i ShALL NOT BE ABLE TO DO -iT! i ShALL NOT DO -iT! aLSO i D-iD NOT
         DO -iT. bUT i POSSESS ~U~C-iENT D-iL-iGENCE AND UNDERSTAND-iNG
         OF Th-iS D-iV-iNE TEACH-iNG OF dAM-PA." dAM-PA WAS VERY
         PLEASED/ AND SA-iDH S~f-iRST/ WE ShOULD STEAL ThE K-iNG/S TREASURE-
         HOUSE! T-i.E. ONE MUST F-iRST UNDERSTAND ThE H-iDDEN NATURE AND
         KEEP MANY H-iDDEN PRECEPTS)/ AND KEEP MANY KEYS. aFTER
   (26A) ThAT WE ShOULD L-iGHT LAMPS -iN-i-iDE A DATK HOUSE ~ONE ShOULD
         REMOVE ThE DARKNESS OF OUR ã¹N-iND/ AND DEVELOP H-iGHER W-iSDOM.
         oNE ShOULD FERRY ThE L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS ACROSS ThE OCEAN OF sAM-
         SâƒRA/ AND DEVELOP A METhOD TO HELP OThERS3. fOR Th-iS PURPOSE
         KEEP A T-iNDET-BOX -iN YOUR BAG. f-iNALLY/ WE ShOULD ACT AS
         BOATLNEN DUR-iNG ThE CROSS-iNG OF T~E R-iVER/ AND WE ShOU!D PRE-
         PARE -iNF~ATED-BAGS.'/ (dAM PA) ENTRUSTED TO H-iM ThE ~l-iNE-
         AGE O~ ThE mEAN-iNG" OF ThE pRAJNâƒPâƒRAM-iTâƒ/ HAV-iNG D-iV-iDED
         -iT -iNTO F-iVE K-iNDS OF pAThS AND ThREE K-iNDS OF PENANCE. ~E
         ALSO BESTOWED ON H-iLN ThE BOOK OF ThE "fOUR TEACH-iNGS" (BkA'-
         BZ-i~ AND ThE "sTREAM OF iN-iT-iAT-iON" (DbAng-G-i CHU-BO)/ TOGEThER
         W-iTh ThE "oRAL tRAD-iT-iON" ~ST~AN-BRGYUD~. (dAM-PA) SA-iDH
         "kUN-DGA/ -iS ThE ONLY MAN EQUAL TO ME! a R-iVER -iS ThE ONLY
         Th-iNG CONSTANTLY F~OW-iNG DOWN AND ThE sUN AND ThE mOON ATE
         ThE ONLY Th-iNGS WH-iCH R-iSE ~CONSTANTLY) -iN ThE SKY." lATER
         AT ThE T-iME OF dAM-PA'S PASS-iNG -iNTO n-iR~âƒNA/ HE SA-iD~
         HAVE SEEN -iN A DREAM ThAT ThE sUN HAD SET -iN ThE M-iDDLE OF
         ThE SKY/ AND ThAT W-iCKED MEN HAD ABANDONED ThE-iT WORKS
                                                                          p.923
         W-iThOUT COMPL~T-iNG ThEM. tH-iS DTEAM PRESAGES A M-iSFOTTUNE
         TO A BORDER A-TSA-RA (âƒCâƒRYA)." kUN-DGA/ SA-iD "wEii/ WE
         Si~OULD PERFORLN AN AUSP-iC-iOUS CEREMONY./' dAM-PA SA-iDH
         ~iT -iS ThEN NECESSARY FCR YOU/ kUN-DGA'/ TO TAKE MY PLACE.
         cOME HERE!" kUN-DGA/ HAV-iNG APPROACHED-H-iM/ dAM-PA
         TOUCHED H-iM W-iTh H-iS HAND/ MAK-iNG ThE S-iGN ~MUDRA) OF ThE
         COMB-iNED F-iVE dHYâƒNâŒ-bUDDHAS/ ThE F-iVE CENTRES OF kUN-DGA'S
         BODY/ AND SA-iDH ~'tHOUGH ThE sUN W-iLL SET/ ThE m~ON W-iLL
         R-iSE -iNSTEAD.'/ (kUN-D~A/) ACCOMPAN-iED dAM-PA FOR 1 8 YEARS.
         aFTER ThAT/ FOR FOUR YEARS/ HE (kUN-DGA/) BESTOWED H-iDDEN
         PRECEPTS ON pA-TShAB SGOM-PA. hE L-iVED FOR ThREE YEARS MORE/
         AND -iN ThE YEAT wOOD-mALE-dRAGON (Sh-i--i-PHO-/BRUG--1124
         a.d.) PROCEEDED TO ThE hEAVENLY aBODE (MKHA/-SPYOD--ABODE
         OF HEAVENLY DâƒK-iNâŒS). aT ThE T-iME OF H-iS DEATh/ HE REC-iTED ThE
         FOLLOW-iNG SLOKAS AM-iDST AN ASSEMBLY OF HEAD MONKS ON ThE
         sUMM-iT OF GtSUG-GTOR SGAngH
            "tHE w-iSE oNE/ WHO HAS AVO-iDED ThC DEF-iLEMENT OF iGNORANCE/
               WHO HAS MASTERED ThE (TEACH-iNG) OF ThE ENT-iRE l-iNEAGE
               OF pREACH-iNG/
             wHO HAS REACHED ThE L-iM-iT OF ThE ThREE K-iNDS OF PENANCE/
               WH-iCH BELONGED TO ThE l-iNEAGE OF mED-iTAT-iON/ ETC."
            dUR-iNG ThE SAME N-iGHT HE iEFT FOR ThE aBODE OF hEAVENLY
         dAK-inâŒS. h-iS D-iSC-iPLE WAS pA-TShAB SGOM-PA. hE WAS BORN
         -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-fEMALE-sERPENT (ME-MO-SBTUL--1O77 a-d.)
         AS ThE SON OF FAThER pA-TShAl~-STON /bUM-GRAGS AND MOThER
         yAS-MO DPAL-'DREN -iN GyUN-PO OF lOWER /pHAN-YUL. aE ThE
         AGE OF 12/ HE RECE-iVED ORD-iNAT-iON -iN ThE PRESENCE O~ SgRO
         CHUng-BA/ A D-iSC-iPLE OF pO-TO-BA/ AT dEB.GOng GNAS-CHUng. hE
   (26B) STUD-iED ThE w-iNAYA UNDER ThE w-iNAYADHARA OF GyAS. aT ThE
         AGE OF i 9/ HE TOOK UP ThE F-iNAL MONAST-iC ORD-iNAT-iON BEFORE H-iM.
         aFTER ThAT HE CAME TO pO-TO-BA AND A mENTAL cREAT-iVE eFFORT
         TOWARDS pRACT-iCE WAS BORN -iN H-iM. hE STUD-iED ThE lAM-R-iM
         OF ThE BkA'-GDAMS-PAS. fROM StOD-LUngS TgYA-DMAR HE ~BTA-iNED
         ThE mâƒDHYAMAKA/ ThE pTAMâƒNA (lAG-iC) AND ThE sPL~UtâƒRThA
         (/gREL-CHUng). fROM ThE pA-TShAB LO-TSâƒ-BA HE OBTA-iNED ThE "f-iVE
         tREAT-iS ES OF mA-i~TEYA/' AND ThE "~OMA-iN OF wOWS" (BSlA~
                                                                          p.924
         PHYOGS). fROM ThE bODH-iSATTVA /bROM HE OBTA-iNED ThE aBH-i-
         DHARMASAMUCCAYA (M~ON-PA GON-MA). fROM yON-GE DbAN-
         PHYUG-GRAGS HE OBTA-iNED ThE sAMVARA cYCLE A~CCORD-iNG TO ThE
         SYSTEM OF zAL-iS-DKAR (LO-TSâƒ-BA). tHEN HE ThOUGHTH ~nOW/
         ThESE STUD-iES ARE ENOUGH! i ShOULD NOW PRACT-iSE MED-iTAT-iON.
         wHO -iS ThE GREATEST -iN PRECEPTS?" tHEY REPL-iEDH ~'SkAM-
         SGOM -iS GREAT'/. hE ThEN RECOLLECTED ThAT pO-TO-BA HAD ONCE
         MENT-iONED ThAT ThERE WAS A GURU SkAM WHO WAS -iN POSSESS-iON
         OF PERFECT PRECEPTS O~ ThE pRAJNâƒPâƒRAM-iTâƒ. tHE BAS-iC TEXT
         OF ThE pRAJNâƒPâƒRAM-iT⃠HAV-iNG BEEN EXPLA-iNED W-iTh ThE HE~P
         OF ThE aBH-iSAMAYâƒLAMKâƒRA/ S-iM-iLAR TO ThE OPEN-iNG OF ThE
         EYES/ HE ThOUGHT ThAT ThERE MUST EX-iST -iN CONNECT-iON W-iTh -iT
         A SUBTLE PRECEPT L-iKE A MANTRA. e LE PROCEEDED TO ThE RES-iDENCE
         OF SkAM/ WHO -iMPARTED TO H-iM ThE -iNTRODUCTORY PRECEPTS OF
         ThE E-iGHT CHAPT~TS (OF ThE aBH-iSAMAYâƒLARNKâƒRA) WH-iCH COULD
         BE MED-iTATED UPON DUR-iNG A S-iNGLE S-iTT-iNG/ AND -iT WAS L-iKE
         ThE L-iGHT-iNG OF A LAMP -iN DATKNESS. hE FELT FA-iTh PRODUCED
         -iN H-iM/ AND -iNQU-iREDH ~'wHO WAS ThE mASTER OF Th-iS
         dOCTR-iNE ? / ' SkAM REPL-iEDH '~tH-iS (dOCTR-iNE) HAS BEEN
         OBTA-iNED BY ME FROM A S-iDDHA/ NAMED dAM-PA sAngS-RGYAS.
         hE KAS GONE TO cH-iNA. iT -iS SA-iD/ HE M-iGHT HAVE COME
         BACK TO d-ing-R-i. bE-iNG OLD/ i AM UNABLE TO GO ThERE. bUT
         YOU/ BE-iNG YOUNG/ MAY MEET H-iNL/ ShOULD YOU GO ThERE".
         pA-TShAB HAV-iNG SOLD H-iS FAThER/S F-iELD FOR SON~E GOLD/ TURQUO-i-
         SES AND S-iLK/ PROCEEDED ThERE (TO d-iR;-R-i~/ BUT WAS DELAYED
         gN ThE WAY/ AS HE WAS TRAVELL-iNG W-iThOUT COML~AN-iONS. oN
         ThE N-iGHT OF H-iS ARR-iVAL -iN d-iN-R-i HE STAYED AT tShA-KHUng.
         hE RESUMED H-iS JOURNEY EARLY NEXT MORN-iNG/ AND WHEN HE
         HAD REACHED ThE SU/~M-iT OF GtSUG-TOR SGAN/ HE SAW A LARGE
         CROWD ASSEMBLED BELOW/ AND Th-iNK-iNG ThAT dAM-PAMUST BE
   (27A) ThERE/ HE DESCENDED -iN HASTE. bEFORE REACH-iNG ThE MARKET PLACE/
         HE SAW A BLU-iSh SMOKE R-iS-iNG/ AND ASKED A WOMAN BEGGAR STAND-
         -iNG NEARBYH ~wHAT WAS -iT? " AND ShE REPL-iEDH ~tH-iS -iS ThE
         SMOKE FROM ThE FUNERAL PYRE OF dAM-PA." sTR-iCKEN BY GR-iEF/
         pA-TShAB FELL SENSELESS. oN AWAKEN-iNG/ HE D-iSCOVERED ThAT ThE
         WOMAN BEGGAT HAD PLACED H-iS HEAD ON HER LAP. aS HE WAS
                                                                          p.925
         WEEP-iNG/ ThE WOMAN BEGGAR TOLD H-iMH ~o tEACHER AND
         SCHOLAR! dO NOT WEEP! tHOUGH dAM~PA -iS DEAD/ ThERE EX-iST
         MANY EiDERS EQUALS OF dAM-PA H-iMSELF. yOU W-iLL FU1F-i1 YOUR
         PURPOSE. tHERE/ TOWARDS ThE eAST/ RES-iDES ONE NAMED dAM-PA
         pHYAR-CHEN-PO/ WHO -iS VERY MUCH L-iKE YOURSELF -iN CHARACTET.
         gO ThERE!" sLOWLY HE WENT ThERE. tHE WOMAN BEGGAR RAN
         AFTER H-iM/ SAY-iNGH ~sCHOLAR FROM DBuS! yOU AREN'T ThE SON
         OF pHYAG-CHEN. yOU ARE A SP-iR-iTUAL SON OF kUN-DGA'/ ThERE-
         FORE GO TO ThAT STONE HUT OVER ThEREj/' sO HE WENT ThERE. aT
         ThE DOOR (OF ThC HUT) HE REC-iTED ThE rEFUGE FORMULA AND PROS-
         TRATED H-iMSELF SEVERAL T-iMES. tHEN kUN-DGA/ OPENED H-iS
         CLOSED EYES AND GAZED AT H-iM/ SAY-iNGH '~o sON OF GyAS-MO
         DPAL-'DREN ! aREN/T YOU T-iRED AFTER ThE JOURNEY?" pA-TShAB
         UNDERSTOOD ThAT kUN-DGA' WAS ENDOWED W-iTh ThE FACULTY OF
         PRESC-iENCE/ AND A GREAT FA-iTh WAS BORN -iN H-iM. aT ThE SAME
         MOMENT (ThE tEACHER/S) BLESS-iNG ENTETED H-iM. hE ThEN
         PRESENTED TO ThE bODH-iSATTVA A GOLDEN MANDALA/ AND SA-iDH
         ~bECAUSE OF MY -iNS-iGN-iF-iCANT FORTUNE/ i WAS UNABLE TO MEET
         dAM-PA. yOU/ tEACHER/ HAVE COMPASS-iON TOWARDS ME!"
         kUN-DGA' SA-iDH ~'tO MAKE R-iPE A RAW -iND-iV-iDUAL/ -iN-iT-iAT-iON
         -iS NECESSARY. dO YOU HAVE ThE NECESSARY PROV-iS-iONS ? "
         pA-TShAB ThEN PRESENTED kUN-DGA' W-iTh A GOLDEN SRANS AND A
         ROLL OF S-iLK. kUN-DGA/ SA-iDH ~tHESE (PRESENTS) ARE AUSP-iC-iOUS!
         yOU ShOULD SPEND ThE N-iGHT -iN ThE CAVE sA-PHUG DKAR-PO.
         tO-MORROW COME HERE!" wHEN HE CAME ThERE NEXT DAY/ H
         SAW A BOOK PLACED (ON ThE TABLE)/ AND kUN-DGA' S-iTT-iNG -iN
         MED-iTAT-iON. tHEN kUN-DGA' BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON
         BY PLAC-iRG ThE BOOK ON H-iS HEAD. aFTER F-iN-iSh-iNG ThE -iN-iT-iA-
   (27B) T-iON/ ThE gURU bODH-iSA~TVA SA-iDH ~oUT OF ThE TWO mANTRAYANA
         AND ThE pRAJNAPARAM-iTA/ ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON OF ThE pATh OF r-iPEN-iNG
         (Sm-iN-LAM) ShOULD BE PETFOTMED F-iRST ACCOTD-iNG TO ThE mANTRA-
         YâƒNA. aFTER WH-iCH ThE pATh OF sALVAT-iON ShOULD BE PTEACHED.
         bUT Th-iS (-iN-iT-iAT-iON PERFORMED BY ME) BESTOWS ThE pATh OF
         r-iPEN-iNG AND eMANC-iPAT-iON AT ThE SAME T-iME (SM-iN-GROL--
         -iN-iT-iAT-iON AND EMANC-iPAT-iON)/ AND REMA-iNS UNKNOWN TO OThERS
         UP TO ThE PRESENT T-iME. iT WAS A PECUL-iAR-iTY (KHYED-CHOS) OF
                                                                          p.926
         ThE BLACK A-TSA-RA (-i.E. dAM-PA sAngS-RGYAS) WHO HAD MERGED
         ThE ~OUR STREAMS OF -iN-iT-iAT-iON -iNTO ONE. iS Th-iS NOT ENOUGH?/'
         pA-TShAB REPL-iEDH ~iT -iS ENOU~H!'/ aFTER ONE YEAR HE COM-
         PLETED ThE ~pUR-iF-iCAT-iON OF ThE m-iND'/ (BlO-SBYOng)/ AND ASKED
         PERM-iSS-iON TO GO TO DBuS/ BUT kUN-DGA/ SA-iDH "yOU MUST
         ARRANGE FOR YOUR PROV-iS-iONS AND SPEND ONE YEAR -iN SECLUS-iON."
         kUN-DGA/ PREACHED TO H-iM ThE DOCTR-iNE O~ ThE ~f-iVE pAThS"
         (lAM-LNAH TShOGS-LAM/ SBYOR-LAM/ MThON-LAM/ SGOM-LAM/ M-i-
         SLOB-LAM)/ AND AFTER F-iN-iSh-iNG -iT/HE SA-iDH ~o SON! yOU MUST HAVE
         SURELY BEEN A SCHOLAR BEFORE ! nOW ALSO YOU CAME HERE AFTER
         A D-iLF-iCULT JOURNEY. aL-i ThE H-iDEN PRECEPTS WERE G-iVEN TO YOU.
         hAVE YOU ATTA-iNED UNDERSTAND-iNG ThROUGH YOUR PRACT-iCE AND
         AN -iMPROVEMENT -iN YOG-iC -iNS-iGHT AFTER COM-iNG HERE? LF SO/
         TELL -iT TO ME!" pA-TShAB REPL-iEDH ~wHEN i WAS L-iV-iNG DOWN
         ThERE/ i UNDERSTOOD ALL ThE EiEMENTS OF pHENOMENAL eX-iSTENCE
         TO BE DEVO-iD O~ HETEROGENE-iTY/ BUT ThAT UNDERST~LND-iNG WAS
         GA-iNED W-iTh ThE HELP OF -iNFERENCE. iT WAS L-iKE TOUCH-iNG A
         Th-iNG -iN DARKNESS W-iTh ONE/S HAND. bUT HERE ThE nATjRE
         HAS ShOWN -iTSEL~ TO MY SENSE-FACULT-iES/ AND i REACHED ThE L-iM-iT
         OF YOG-iC -iNS-iGHT." kUN-DGA/ APPROVED OF -iT. a PACKAGE OF
         PAPER WAS HANG-iNG ABOVE kUN-DGA'S HEAD/ AND kUN-DGA'
         SA-iDH "iN -iT ThERE USED TO BE SOME SALT OF GOOD QUAL-iTY. bUT
         -iN lA-STOD ThERE -iS NO ONE ABLE TO TASTE -iT/" SAY-iNG SO/ HE
         GAVE ThE PACKAGE TO pA-TShAB/ AND SA-iDH ~oPEN -iT AT tHEL OF
         SnA-MAR.'/ pA-TShAB HAV-iNG GONE ThERE/ OPENED ThE PACKAGE/
         AND FOUND -iNS-iDE ThE ~n-iNE qUEST-iONS AND rEPL-iES ON ThE
         dOCTR-iNE O~ ThE rOOT F-iRST-PLANTED" (tHOG-MAR 7UG-PA-I RTSA-
         BA-I CHOS-SDE ZUS-LEN DGU)/ ThE ThREE SECT-iONS OF ThE l-iNEAGE
         OF mEAN-iNG/ ThE dOCTR-iNE OF ThE tREE ('GR-iL-BA SDOR;-PO-I CHOS
         DON TGYUD-SKOR)/ AND UNDER ThEM--ThE sYMBOLS (MTShON-DPE)
         AND fRAGMENTS (BTUL TShO) OF ThE dOCTR-iNE OF oPEN bTANCHES
         (GYED-PA YAL-GA/-i CHOS)/ ThE s-iXTEEN dOCTR-iNES OF lEAVES
         (lO-'DAB-KY-i CHOS-SDE BCU-DRUG)/ ThE '~f-iVE dOCTT-iNES OF
         bEAUT-iFUL fLOWERS'/ (MdZES-PA ME-TOG-G-i CHOS-SDE iNA)/ ThE
         iND-iAN ALPHABET OF ThE oUTER/ iNNER AND h-iDDEN WH-iCH
         REPRESENTED ThE "dOCTR-iNE OF fRU-iT" (/BRAS-BU-I
                                                                          p.927
         CHOS-SDE a-L-i-kâƒ-L-i-PHY-i-NAng-GSAng-GSUM). tHEN HE RETUTNED
         ThEM TO H-iS tEACHET WHO SA-iDH '~yOU/ YOUTSELF ShOULD
         CHEW Th-iS SALT/" AND SAY-iNG SO/ HE HANDED H-iM ThE BOOKS AND
   (28A) PAPER TO COPY ThEM. fOT ONE ~EAR HE STUD-iED ThE ~biACK
         gU-iDE" (NAG-KHR-iD OR WR-iTTEN EXPLANAT-iON OF A TEXT; DMAR-
         KHR-iD/ AN EXPLANAT-iON BASED ON EXPER-iENCE; OR-iG-iNALLY A MED-iCAL
         TERM MEAN-iNG ThE D-iSSECT-iNG O~ A CORPSE). hE TEV-iSED ThEM
         AND WROTE ThEM DOWN -iN ThE FORM OF QUEST-iONS AND ANSWERS/
         NAM-iNG ThEM ~/pHRA-T-iG'/ ("cONCLUS-iON"). hE ALSO USED TO
         D-iSCUSS W-iTh OThER GREAT D-iSC-iPLES/ AND WROTE DOWN ThESE
         D-iSCUSS-iONS/ WH-iCH HE CALLED ~"pHRA-GCOD'/ (~rEV-iSED cONCLU-
         S-iONS"). pA-TShAB ThEN ASKED kUN-DGA/ FOR PERM-iSS-iON TO STAY
         ON AT d-ing-R-i/ BUT kUN-DGA' SA-iDH '~iT -iS BETTET FOR YOU TO
         RETURN TO YOUR NAT-iVE PLACE. yOUR MOTKER -iS WEEP-iNG/ SAY-iNGH
         'mY SON MUST ã¹BE DEAD./ yOU HAD BETTET GO ThETE !" pA-
         TShAB ThEN GAVE H-iM ThE PROM-iSE TO PTACT-iSE MED-iTAT-iON FOR
         TWELVE YEATS. kUN-DGA' ThEN PLACED H-iM -iN AN AUSP-iC-iOUS
         HOUSE/ AND GAVE H-iM ALL ThE BOOKS/ SAY-iNGH ~'tAKE ThESE
         BOOKS W-iTh YOU! tHE ~WNER OF ThESE BOOKS W-iLL COME FROM
         ThE R-iGHT BANK OF A LARGE R-iVCR. g-iVE ThEM TO H-iM!'/ pA-TShAB
         ThEN OF~ERED kUN-DGA/ ThREE GOLDEN SRANS WH-iCH REMA-iNED W-iTh
         H-iM AFTER PAY-iNG OF~ H-iS EXPENSES. kUN-DGA' SA-iDH "tHE
         FOLLOWER OF AN A-TSA-RA NEEDS NO GOLD! bUT -iN ORDET TO -iNCREASE
         YOUR MER-iT/ i ShALL ACCEPT ThEM/" AND SAY-iNG SO HE ThREW
         ThEM SKYWARDS. aT H-iS DEPARTURE/ pA-TShAB MADE ThE FOLLOW-
         -iNG REQUESTH ~mAY i AVO-iD H-iNDRANCES DUR-iNG ThE JOURNEY
         AND -iN ThE PRACT-iCE O~ MED-iTAT-iON!" kUN-DGA' ThEN GAVE H-iM
         A STONE CALLED tH-ing-R-iL (BLU-iSh -iN COLOUR (TDO-NAG-PO). tH-iS
         MAY TEPRESENT ThE NAME OF A PRECEPT) WH-iCH HAD ThE POWER OF
         SUBDU-iNG DEMONS/ AND A BLACK STONE WH-iCH HAD ThE POWET OF
         DT-iV-iNG AWAY DEV-iLS/ AND SA-iDH ~dON'T SEPARATE FROM YOUR
         BODH-iC-iTTA/ AND PRAY TO YOUT tEACHER." kUN-DGA' ThEN SAW H-iM
         OF~. wHEN pA-TShAB CAME DOWN FROM MOUNTA-iNS/ HE SEARCHED
         FOR ThREE YEARS FOR ThE DOCTR-iNES OF ThE ~f-iRST l-iNEAGE/' AND ThE
         ~iNTERMED-iATE l-iNEAGE"/ AND AMASSED ThE REQU-iS-iTES ~OT PRACT-iS-
         -iNG MED-iTAT-iON. bEFORE ThAT DATE AND AFTER ThAT DATE HE PRAC-
                                                                          p.928
         T-iSED MED-iTAT-iON FOR 13 YEATS. aFTER F-iN-iSh-iNG H-iS MED-iTAT-iON/
         HE LABOURED FOR ThE WELFARE OF OThERS. bECAUSE OF ThE W-iDE
         RENOWN OF H-iS PRECEPTS/ HE GAThERED ROUND H-iM A LARGE RET-iNUE.
         hE BESTOWED H-iDDEN PRECEPTS ON ONE NAMED bYAN-PA
         DbON-SGOM/ WHO HAD BEEN AN ASS-iSTANT PREACHER/ WH-iLE HE
         WAS STUDY-iNG PH-iLOSOPHY. aFTER ThAT (bYAng-PA DbON-SGOM)
         WENT TO GnAM-TShO AND ThERE DEPATTED TO ThE ABODE OF
         HEAVENLY DAK-iNâŒS. hE BESTOWED H-iDDEN PTECEPTS ON pA-TShAB
         SGOM NAG WHO ThEN PTOCEEDED TO cH-iNA/ AND D-iED ON ThE
         s-iNO-t-iBETAN BOTDET. tHETE EX-iSTS A CA-iTYA (SKU-'BUM). bU-
         SOng SGOM-PA/ WHO HAD A JO-iNTLESS SKULL (ThERE EX-iSTS SEVERAL
   (28B) S-iGNS -iND-iCAT-iNG ThE JO-iNTLESS NATURE O~ ThE SKULL OF A L-iV-iNG
         PERSON. aMONG ThELN/ AN EXTRA TOOTh BETWEEN ThE TWO
         UPPER -iNC-iSORS/ ETC.)/ RECE-iVED PRECEPTS FROM H-iM. hE ThEN
         BECAME ThE CHAPLA-iN (MCHOD-GNAS) OF ThE k-iNG O~ m-i-NAG.
         tHANKS TO H-iM ThE cYCLE OF nAG.KHR-iD ZUS-LEN SPREAD OVER
         ThE ENT-iTE nORThERN REG-iON. a CERTA-iN ;~Ang-ngA RNAL-/BYOR-PA
         WHO WAS H-iMSELF A mASTER OF h-iDDEN pRECEPTS/ ~-HEN HE MET
         pA-TShAB SGOM-NAG/ FELT -iN H-iMSEL~ A STRONG QUEST FOR ThE
         dOCTT-iNE. pA-TShAB BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE H-iDDEN PRECEPTS/
         AND HE BECAME A SA-iNT (S-iDDHA). hE L-iVED FOR 1 18 YEARS.
         aMONG H-iS LEATNED D-iSC-iPLES/ ~HHU-M-iG r-iN-N~O-BA RgYA-GTAG
         BSOD WAS ThE GREATEST -iN REL-iG-iOUS LEARN-iNG/ tHAng-SAG StON-
         TShUL WAS ThE GREATEST AS MONK/ ~Ang-RGYU SgRO-LHAKHAng/PA
         WAS ThE GREATEST AMONG ThE NOBLES/ AND R~OG gE-SET WAS ThE
         GREATEST -iN W-iSDOM. aFTET HE HAD BESTOWED PTECEPTS ON ThEM/
         ThEY TEMOVED ThE-iR -iLLUS-iONS. aMONG ThE D-iSC-iPLES/ WHO CAME
         TO H-iM DUT-iNG H-iS OLD AGE/ ThETE WAS ONE NAMED G~EN SGOM
         rE-ThUL-CAN. hE BESTOWED ~N H-iM PRECEPTS AND REMOVED H-iS
         -iLLUS-iONS. hE PROCEEDED TO kHAMS AND PASSED AWAY W-iThOUT
         LEAV-iNG BEH-iND H-iS PHYS-iCAL BODY. hE (pA-TShAB) BESTOWED
         ON 'bRO-SGOM BsOD-NAMS BYAng-CHUB ThE SâƒDHANA OF MkHA'-
         GRO-MA BdUD-RTS-i-BUM-PA. hE OBTA-iNED EMANC-iPAT-iON. hE
         WAS CARR-iED AWAY BY DAK-iNLS TO ThE aBODE OF ThE hEAVENLY
         dâƒK-iNLS. oNE NAMED u-RGYAN RAS-PA/ WHO WAS LEARNED -iN
         ThE PRECEPTS OF mANTRAYANA/ PREACHED ThE DOCTR-iNE OF ThE
                                                                          p.929
         ThREE pAThS (LAM-GSUM). hE WAS ENDOWED W-iTh A CLEAR N1-iND/
         AND HAD GRASPED ThE N~EAN-iNG OF ThE FOTMULA OF dEPEND~NT
         oR-iG-iNAT-iON (pRANTYASAMUTPâƒDA). hE WAS ABLE TO DEL-iVER
         PRESAGES. tEN-NE WAS ONE POSSESSED OF ThE COMPLETE PRECEPTS
         OF ThE ~s-iNGLE l-iNEAGE'/ (~H-iG-BRGYUD). pA TShAB CONT-iNUED
         H-iS STUD-iES TO ThE AGE OF 37 -iN ThE YEAR wATER-fEMALE-sERPENT
         (CHU-MO-SBRUL--1113 a.d.). aFTER ThAT HE ENTERED MED-iTA-
         T-iON BEG-iNN-iNG W-iTh ThE YEAR wOOD-mALE-hORSE (S-iN-PHO
         RTA--1 1 14 a;d.). aT ThE AGE OF 41 -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-fEMALE-
         hEN (ME-MO-BYA--1117 a.d.) HE PROCEEDED TO d-iN-R-i.
         fOR FOUR YEARS HE RECE-iVED PRECEPTS FROM ThE GREAT ~ SONS" OF
         dAM-PA sANS-RGYAS/ SUCH AS ThE bODH-iSATTVA kUN-DGA' AND
         OThERS. iN ThE YEAR iRON-fEMALE-oX (iCAGS-MO-GLAN--i 121
         a.d.) HE JOURNEYED TO DBuS/ AND PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON FOR
         13 YEARS. aCCORD-iNG TO 7-iB-MO ~AR-RTSAGS HE (PRACT-iSED
         MED-iTAT-iON) FOR 15 YEARS. wHEN pA-TShAB WAS ~4/ -iN ThE
         YEAR iRON-mALE-hORSE (iCAGS-PHO-RTA--1~50 a.d.~/ tEN-NE
   (29A) V-iS-iTED H-iM. wHEN tEN-NE WAS 32/ pA-TShAB PASSED AWAY
         -iN ThE YEAR eATTh-mALE-tLGER (SA-PHO-STAG--1158 a.d.) AT
         ThE AGE OF 82. h-iS D-iSC-iPLE RgYAL-BA tEN-NE (ALSO WR-iTTEN
         RgYAL-BA RtEN-NAS-PA)H A CERTA-iN ~SRAS-SKYABS MOVED H-iS
         RES-iDENCE FROM sAB-SGO-LngA OF GtSAN/ AND SETTLED AT T~HHU-'KHOR
         OF wESTERN lOWER yAR (yAR-NLDA/). iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-fEMALE-
         sHEEP (ME-MO-LUG--1127 a.d.) A SON WAS BORN TO H-iN~ AND
         N~OThER /tShUR-MO-GZA/ m~ng-SKY-iD. aT ThE AGE OF ThREE/ ThE
         BOY WAS ABLE TO RECOLLECT H-iS PTEV-iOUS EX-iSTENCES AND USED TO
         SAYH ~1 HAVE BEEN mAL BRtSON-/GRUS BLA-MA !'/ tHEY ASKED
         FOR BLESS-iNG sO-SKU-R-iL-iS WHO HAD COME TO lOWER yAR (yAR-
         MDA'). tHE LATTER SA-iDH ~ tHE SON OF Th-iS LADY W-iLL BECOME
         A GREAT SA-iNT (S-iDDHA). i ShALL MAKE H-iM ThE HOLDER OF MY
         sP-iR-iTUAL l-iNEAGE !" hE ThEN BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE tHUGS-
         RJE CHEN-PO-I RDZOGS-R-iM AND ThE PERM-iSS-iON (LUN) OF ThE
         mAn-i-M~NTRA (oM mAN-i PADME HURN). aT ThE AGE OF F-iVE/
         tEN-NE MET rAS-CHUng-PA AT rA-ido SmAN-CHU-KHA/ WHO ALSO
         SA-iD ThAT HE WAS TO BECOME A SA-iNT (S-iDDHA)/ AND ThAT HE
         WOULD MAKE H-iM ThE HOLDER OF H-iS l-iNEAGE. hE BESTOWED ON
                                                                          p.930
         H-iM ThE dOHA ACCORD-iNG TO ThE METhOD OF t-i-PU. aT ThE
         AGE OF 7/ HE MET SgAM-PO PA AT lOWER yAR (yAR-MDA')/ WHO
         SA-iDH ~tH-iS BOY W-iLL BECOME A SA-iNT (S-iDDHA). wHEN HE
         W-iLL GROW UP/ SEND H-iM ~O ME !" hE BESTOWED ON tEN-NE
         ThE mAH⃠MUDR⃠aT ThE AGE OF N-iNE/ HE ASKED FOR ThE PER-
         M-iSS-iON (LUR;) TO REC-iTE ThE PRAYER OF ThE tâƒR⃠FROM ThE âƒCâƒRYA
         SgOM-PA/ A NEPHEW OF nAG-TShO/ tHE âƒCâƒRYA SA-iLH ~tHERE
         CX-iSTS A KARM-iC L-iNK (LAS-'BREL) BETWEEN US/" AND BESTOWED ON
         H-iM ThE PRAYER W-iTh -iTS LESSER BRANCHES/ AND ThE PRECEPTS OF
         a~A. bEFORE HE HAD REACHED ThE AGE OF 15/ HE MASTERED
         (H-iS) FAThER/S DOCTR-iNCS--ThE mA-Gs-iN-pHUR-GSUM (mA-MO (
         eKAJAT.L AND OThERS(/ Gs-iN-RJE/ AND pHUR PA) AND ThE
         DpE-sROG~HAR;-GSUM (DpE-GTAD/ ThE ENTRUST-iNG O~ BOOKS;
         sROG~TAD--ThE ENTRUST-iNG OF ThE ~L-iFE'-MANTRA(SROG-SngAGS);
         GCAR; ~). tHEN FOR ThREE YEARS/ T-iLL ThE AGE OF 18/ HE
         ACTED AS M-iN-iSTER OF /~BO lHA-CHEN-PO OF bYA-SA AND lHA-
         BTSUN S~ON-MO. ~E ALSO MASTERED BY HEART SEVERAL NLT-i-
         SâƒSTRAS (iUGS-KY-i BSTAN-BCOS)/ SUCH AS ThE SkYE-BO GSO-Th-iGS
         (nâŒT-iSASTRAJANTUPOSANAB-iNDU-NAMA/ tG. nO. 4330). aT ThE
         AGE OF 25/ HE DEVELOPED A DES-iRE TO V-iS-iT ThE COUNTR-iES OF H-iS
         FORMET EX-iSTENCES/ AND JOURNEYED TO yAR-/BROG. hE CAME
         ACROSS TWO OThER ASCET-iCS WHO ASKED H-iM~ tHERE ARE YOU
         GO-iNG?/' hE REPL-iEDH ~iN A FORMER EX-iSTENCE MY NAT-iVE
         PLACE WAS TL~E GORGE (RON) OF lHO-BRAG. i AM GO-iNG TO SEE
         -iT./' tHE TWO SA-iD TO H-iMH ~aT ThE MONASTERY OF yAR-/BROG
         GLAR;-BU OVER ThERE/ ThERE L-iVES ONE NAMED SpRUL-SKU sE ~O-SRAS
         WHO HAS FOUR MAD CHAPLA-iNS (MCHOD-GNAS). aMONG ThEM
         ThERE -iS ONE NAMED ~ThE mAD' RgYAL-LE-LCAM WHO -iS ABLE TO
   (29B) MAKE PROPHEC-iES. lET US GO TO SEE HER!" tHE MONASTERY
         WAS S-iTUATED ON ThE SUMM-iT OF A H-iLL. tHEN ThE ThREE REACL-ED
         ThE FOOT OF ThE H-iLL/ ThEY NOT-iCED AN OLD WOMAN WEAR-iNG A
         RAGGED CLOAK WHO WAS RUNN-iNG DOWNaH-iLL. sHE GRASPED ThE
         HAND OF tEN-NE/ AND EXCLA-iMEDH ~o! YOU ARE MY BROThER!
         yOU ARE tEN-NE! sUCK ~ROM Th-iS BREAST OF M-iNE! dON'T GO
         TO lHO-BRAG-RORL! SnAN-KHAN HAS BEEN DESTROYED BY wAR. iT
         -iSN/T GOOD ThERE! iN nOR~HERN DBu-RU L-iVES ThE SON OF GyAS-
                                                                          p.931
         MO DPAL-'DREN WHO -iS LORLG-iNG (TO SEE YOU). gO ThER~!" u~
         T~ Th-iS T-iME H-iS NAME WAS '~-iG-RTEN-GRAGS/ BUT S-iNCE ThEN HE
         BECAME KNOWN AS tEN-NE. tHE TWO OThER ASCCBCS ALSO PUT
         QUEST-iONS TO ThE WORNAN/ BUT FA-iLED TO ~ET ANY ANSWER (FROM
         HER). hE (tEN-NE) HAV-iNG RETURNED TO H-iS NAT-iVE PLACE/ MADE
         PREPARAT-iONS TO PROCEED TO DBu-TU/ BUT H-iS FAThER D-iD NOT ALLOW
         H-iM. tH-iS CAUSED D-iSPLEASUTE -iN H-iS M-iND/ AND HE SANG A
         SONG/ AND ThEN BECAME A S-iNGER -iN ThE COMPANY OF ThE M-iNs-
         TREL gALTE-DGOS (ThE M-iNSTREL WAS MOST PROBABLY NAMED SO
         AFTER A REFRA-iN -iN H-iS SONG--~gAL-TE DGOS'" MEAN-iNG ~-iF (YOU)
         WANT"). hE ThEN TOOK ThE UPASAKA VOWS -iN ThE PRESENCE OF
         /bR-i~N CHA rU-BA (A FAMOUS tEACBET) AND OBTA-iNED ThE BStAN-
         R-iM (BStAN-R-iM/ A FAMOUS BkA'-GDAMS-PA TEXT COMPOSED BY
         gRO-LU~N-PA. tHE lAM-R-iM /CHEN-MOO~ tSOR;-KHA-PA -iS BASED ON
         Th-iS TEXT) ACCORD-iNG TO ThE METhOD OF ThE ACARYA gRA-ThAR;-PA/
         AND ThE BdEN-GRL-iS (NAME OF A BOOK)/ ACCORD-iNG TO ThE METhO~
         OF dAM-PA ~HOS-SGRO-BA. hE ThEN rED SECREDY FROM H-iS FAThER/
         HAV-iNG TAKEN W-iTh H-iM A KOM-Th-iL (A LEAThER SO~E)/ SOME dAR-
         SAM S-iLK/ AND A SKULL-CUP (ThOD-PHOR). hE SPENT TBE N-iGHT
         AT gRA-ThAR;/ AND FELT GREAT MENTAL SAT-iSFACT-iON. aBOUT M-iD-
         N-iGHT WH-iLE HE WAS STAY-iNG AT ThE FOOT OF ThE sANDY pASS (bYE-
         MA/-i LA) A ThOUGHT OCCURTED -iN H-iS M-iND ThAT ~-IT WASN'T CERTA-iN
         WHEThER ThE WOTDS OF ThE OLD FEMALE ASCET-iC WERE TRUE/ OR NOT.
         eVEN -iF ThEY WERE TRUE/ i HAVE WASTED TWO YEARS. hOW ShALL
         i F-iND ThE SON OF GyAS-MO DPAL-/DREN AMONG ThE NUMEROUS
         PR-iESTS OF DBu-RU? iT WOULD BE BETTER TO RETURN TO MY
         NAT-iVE HOME." tHEN FOR SEVEN T-iMES HE REC-iTED ThE STOTRA OF
         ThE tâƒRâƒ/ AND LAY DOWN. hAL~ ASLEEP HE SUDDENLY HEARD A
         VO-iCE COM-iNG FROM ABOVEH ~o SON O~ NOBLE FAM-iLY! dOL- T
         CHANGE YOUR M-iND ! gO ThERE! yOU W-iLL FULF-iL YOUR PURPOSE.'
         wHEN HE AWOKE ~ROM H-iS SLEEP/ HE LOOKED UP TOWARDS ThE SL;Y
         AND SAW ThE LETTER tâƒM (ThE F-iRST SYLLABLE OF ThE NAME tâƒRâƒ
         W-iTh ThE ANUSVâƒRA) OF BLUE-GREEN COLOUR/ STAND-iNG OUT CLEARLY/
         L-iKE A STAT. hE UNDERSTOOD -iT TO BE A PROPHECY BY ThE tARL.
         pA-TShAB ALSO PERCE-i~ED -iT. hE ThEN ThOUGHTH ~iF i
         WCRE -iN NEED OF A tEACHER/ i ShOULD PROCEED TO ThE RES-iDENCE
                                                                          p.932
   (30A) OF ThE tEACHER NAMED SpYAN-SWA-RE-BO/ WHO -iS VERY LEARNED
         -iN ThE DOCTR-iNE OF ThE ~-i-BYED/ AND -iS RES-iD-iNG AT StOD-LUNS./
         aGA-iN A ThOUGHT CAME TO H-iMH ~L MUST AT F-iRST TAKE ThE BOOK
         WH-iCH CONTA-iNS ThE METhOD OF SEND-iNG ThE POWER OF GtSAng-
         BTSAN~ (NAME OF A GOD) NOW -iN ThE POSSESS-iON OF A PA-iNTER
         OF bRAN-KA/ NAMED KlU-BTSAN-GRAGS/ WHO HAD BEEN ThE D-iSC-i-
         PLES OF MY FAThER AND WAS NOW RES-iD-iNG -iN lOWER 'pHAN-YUL.
         aFTER ThAT i MUST SEARCH FOT A TEACHER." tH-iNK-iNG ThUS/ HE
         JOURNEYED TOWARDS lOWER 'pHAN-YUL. (hC FOUND) ThE PA-iNTER
         bRAN-KA DRAW-iNG A PA-iNTED -iMAGE OF ThE tâƒR⃠FOR ThE LADY
         mA-GC-iG tH-iS LADY SA-iD TO H-iM~ O-SRAS GyU-RU! dO YOU
         RECOGN-iZE ThE GODS/ BES-iDES ThE CH-iEF GODDESS -iN ThE CENTRE
         (OF ThE PA-iNT-iNG)/ R-iD-iNG ON GEESE?~ yES/ i KNOW ThEM
         WELL"/ HE REPL-iED AND HE REC-iTED ThE RnAM-DAG GTSUG-NOR (A
         SLOKA CONTA-iN-iNG ThE NAMES OF ThE GODS FORM-iNG PART Ol ThE
         PAR-iVâƒRA OF ThE tâƒRâƒ). mA-GC-iG SA-iDH ~yOUR REC-iTAT-iON -iS
         BEAUT-iFUL~ yOU MUST TEACH ME!" i HAVEN/T T-iME TO TEACH
         YOU! i MUST GO TO ThE BLA-MA WHO PREACHES ThE ~-i-BYED DOCTR-iNE
         AT StOD-LUngS." sHE REPL-iED ~ HAVE AN UNCLE WHO -iS iEARNED
         -iN ThE ~ BYED DOCTR-iNE. i ShALL TAKE YOU ThERE/ BUT YOU
         MUST TEACH ME ThE ShLOKA." tHEN HE -iNQU-iREDH ã¹iwHAT SYS-
         TEM Ol -i~-i-BYED (-iS YOUR UNCLE PREAC~L-iNG)?" mA-GC-iG REPL-iEDH
         ~ iT -iS ThE SYSTEM OF ThE bODH-iSATTVA kUN-DGA~ dO YOU
         KNOW ThE NAME OF H-iS MOThER?" mA-GC-iG REPL-iEDH ~ i KNOW/
         i KNOW -iT WELL/ ShE WAS CALLED GyAS-MO DPAL-/DREN./' hE
         REJO-iCED -iN L--iS M-iND AND S-iMULTANEOUSLY BLESS-iNG ENTERED H-iM.
         tHAT N-iGHT HE SAW -iN H-iS DREANL ThAT A BALL OF L-iGHT OF ThE
         S-iZE OF A BEAN HAD APPEARED ON H-iS TONGUE. hE TASTED -iT/
         AND ThE TASTE WAS EXCCLLENT. hE ThEN SWALLOWED -iT/ AND H-iS
         ENT-iRE BODY TURNED -iNTO L-iGHT/ AND EM-iTTED RAYS WH-iCH SPREAD
         OVER ThE TEN QUARTERS. nCXT MORN-iN~ ThC LADY mA-GC-iG CAME
         RO ShOW H-iM ThE MONASTERY. tHE BLA-MA PERCE-iVED (H-iS
         COM-iNG)/ AND CAME DOWN TO NLEET H-iM. tHE BlA-MA SA-iDH
         ~O SRAS OF yAR-MDA" BY COM-iNG TO-DA~ YOU HAVE PLEASED ME.
         bUT YOU COULD HAVE COME ThE YEAR BEFORE LAST!" hE ASKED
         Ti~C tEACHER TO BESTOW ON H-iM ThE H-iDDEN PRECEPTS ACCOTD-iNG
                                                                          p.933
         TO ThE METhOD OF dAM-PA kUN-DGA~ yOUR COM-iNG -iS AUS-
         P-iC-iOUS L i ShALL BESTOW -iNSTRUCT-iON ON YOU". tHEN ThE
         tEACHER ADDEDH ~iaCCORD-iNG TO ThE METhOD O~ ThE bODH-i-
         SATTV~ (kUN-DGA') ThE JU-iCE OF PERFECT-iON DOES NOT ST-iCK ON
         ThOSE WHO D-iD NOT D(VELOP ThE-iR M-iNDS/ ThEREFOLE ONE ShOULD
         BESTOW ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON OF ThE a-L-i kâƒ-L-i. dO YOU HAVE ThE NECE
         SSARY PROV-iS-iONS TO ENABLE YOU TO RECE-iVE Th-iS -iN-iT-iAT-iON?/' hE
         REPL-iE~ nOW i HAVE COME -iN SEARCH O~ A TEACHER. i ShALL
         COLLECT PROV-iS-iONS ~ROM MY NAT-iVE PLACE/ AND ShALL ThEN RETURN
         AGA-iN." tHE BlA-MA REPL-iLDH ~hES-iTAT-iON -iS ThE GREATCST
   (30B) AMONG ThE CREAT-iONS OF DEV-iLS ! oNE ShOULD PERFORM -iT (ThE
         -iN-iT-iAT-iON) R-iGHT NOW ! aRE ThERE NO PROV-iS-iONS AT ALL?/' hE
         ThEN OF~ERED RHE tEACHER ThE SKULL-CUP (ThOD-PHOR) HAV-iNG
         PLACED -iT ON ThE iEAThER SOLE/ AND HAV-iNG -iNTRODUCED ThE CORNER
         OF A P-iECE O~ S-iLK -iNTO A RLEEDLE/ AND PLACE~j ThE NEEDLC -iNTO
         ThE SKULL-CUP. tHE tEACHET SA-iDH ~aCCORD-iNG TO ThE OMENS
         OF ThE PRESERLTS MADE BY ~SRAS GyU-RU-BA/ YOU ARE F-iT TO
         MASTER PROFOUN~ DOCTR-iNES (ThE OF~ER-iNG OF ThE SKULL-CUP).
         yOU W-iLL ALSO BE ABLE TO GU-iDE ThE FA-iThFUL ONES (ThE PRESENT
         OF ThE NEEDLE W-iTh A P-iECE OF S-iLK -iNTRODUCED -iNTO ThE NEEDLE/S
         EYE)/ BUT YOU W-iLL FA-iL -iN AMASS-iNG A LATGE WORLDLY ~OTTUNE
         (ThE PRESENT OF AN EMPTY SKULL-CUP)." hE ThEN PLACED ThE
         BOOK (ON H-iS HE~D) AND BLESSED H-iM/ AND S-iMULTANEOUSLY AN
         EXCELLENT UNDERSTAND-iNG O~ ThE UND-iF~ERENT-iATED SAMâƒH-iTA-JRLANA
         ~N~RLAM-BZAG YE-SES/ ThE -iNTU-iT-iVE KNOWLEDGE OF ThE SA-iNT AT ThE
         T-iME OF -iNTENSE ~ONCENTRAT-iON) AND ThE PRSThA-LABDHAJUANA (RHE~-
         ThOB YE-SES/ ThE KNOWLEDGE O~ ThE SA-iNT ACQU-iRED ~FTER TRANCE)
         WAS PRODUCED -iN H-iM. tHE BLA-MA SA-iDH ~tH-iS -iS ThE VERY
         -iNS-iGHT -iNTO nATURE/ BUT YOU MUST ALSO POSSESS ThE S-iGN AND
         PERFECT-iON OF ThE pATh. fOR SEVEN DAYS YOU MUS~ OBTA-iN ThE
         PERM-iSS-iON (iUng)/ MUST REAL-iZE ThE S-iGN/ AND MAN-iFEST ThE
         ThREE K-iNDS O~ EF~ORTS". (eT~ORT OF bODY/ m-iND AND sPEECH(
         iUS-KY-i 'BAD-PA/ SEM~KY-i 'BAD-PA/ NAG-G-i /BAD-PA().
         (hAND-iCAPPED BY ThE LADY mA-GC-iG FOR E-iGHT MONThS) HE
         WAS UNABLC TO COMPLETE ThE ~TpUR-iF-iCAT-iON OF ThE m-iND"
         (BlO SBYOR;). hE ThEN ASKED ThE tEACHERH ~dOES ThERE
                                                                          p.934
         EX-iST SOMETh-iNG L-iKE A BOOK ON Th-iS DOCTR-iNE?" tHE tEACHER
         REPL-iEDH ~'tHE A-TSA-RA (dAM-PA sANS-RGYAS) USED TO -iNTRODUCE
         (H-iS D-iSC-iPLES) TO ThE iMMACULATE sTATE O~ ThE m-iND (R-iG-PA
         DR-i-MED)/ AND ThEY CONCENTRATED ON MED-iTAT-iON ON -iT. tHERE-
         FORE BOOKS WETEN'T NECESSARY ! bUT YOL~ MUST SEEK FOR ThE
         tEACHER/S METhOD (PHYAG-BZES)." wHEN HE WENT nORTB-
         WARDS (TOWARDS nUB-hOR)/ HE OBTA-iNED ONLY TWO BUNDLES OF
         BLUE-PAPER AND S-iX FE~NALE DZOS (A CROSSBREED BETWEEN A YAK
         AND A DOMEST-iC COW)/ AND OF~ERED ThEM TO ThE tEACHER/ tWO
         DZOS HE KEPT FOR H-iMSELF. tHEN FOR ONE YEAR HE PRACT-iSED
         ThE L'gU-iDE O~ ThE f-iVE pAThS/' (lAM-LngA/ lAM-LngA/-i KHR-iD)/
         AND RECE-iVED -iN-iT-iAT-iON. hE ThEN WROTE DOWN ALL ThE SAY-iNG
         OF H-iS tEACHET/ AND CALLED (H-iS NOTES) ThE ~-iB-MO dAR-TShAGS.
         aFTER ThAT HE D-iV-iDED ThE dOCTR-iNE -iNTO FOUR CHAPTERS OR
         SECT-iONSH (1) BkA'-BABS (aUThOR-iZAT-iON)/ (2) dR-i-MED (tHE
         iMMACULATE)/ (3) S~AN-BRGYUD (oRAL tRAD-iT-iON)/ (4) ThE
         cYCLE OF dOH⃠(dO-HA/-i SKOR). tHE tEACHER ThEN GRADUALLY
         ENTRUSTED ThE BOOKS TO H-iS CARE. oPEN-iNG A BOOK WH-iCL
         BELONGED TO ThE cYCLE OF RtEN-'BREL (RtEN-'BREL GY-i CHOS-SKOR/
         NAME OF A BOOK BY dAM-PA sAngS-RGYAS)/ ThE (tEACHER) SA/DH
         ~tH-iS ONE WAS CALLED ThE ~cYCLE OF VAR-iOUS M-iRACLES' (SnA-
         TShOGS RDZU-'PHRUL-GY-i SKOR). yOU/ YOG-iNS/ NEEDN'T PRACT-iSE
         -iT ! tHE CORNERS OF ThE BOOK iLAV-iNG BEEN DAMAGED BY N1-iCE/
         WE CANNOT USE -iT!" AND D-iD NOT BESTOW -iT. hE SPENT ONE
         YEAR -iN CORRECT/NG ThE TEXT OF ThE NAG-KHR-iD/ OR WR-iTTEN XPOS-i-
         T-iON/ AND CONDUCTED NUMEROUS DEBATES (ON TL~E SUBJECT). tHEN
   (31A) HE ASKED ThE tEACHER'S PERM-iSS-iON TO GO TO H-iS NAT-iVE CO~LNTRY/
         BUT ThE tEACHER D-iD NOT G-iVE -iT/ AND SA-iD TO H-iMH 'sT-iLL YOU
         MUST COMPLETE ThE CORNERS OF ThE H-iDDEN PRECEPTS (-i.E. YOU
         ShOULD CONT-iNUE YOUR STUD-iES)/ AND ARRANGE ThEM ACCORD-iNG TO
         ORDET. aLSO YOU MUST GET ACQUA-iNTED W-iTh ThE FORMER
         TEACHERS OF Th-iS l-iNEAGE'/. hE S~ENT ANOThER YEAR (DO-iNG -iT).
         tHEN gAL-TE DGOS (ThE M-iNSTREL) CAME/ AND ASKED FOR H-iDDEN
         PRECEPTS/ BUT HE D-iD NOT G-iVE ThEM. iN ORDER TO PLEASE H-iM.
         HE PROCEEDED TO StOD-LUNS/ AND ASKED FOR REL-iG-iOUS -iNSTRUCT-iON
         SmON-LAM-'BAR AND SpYAN-SWA-RE-BO. h~ ALSO OBTA-iNED -iNS-
                                                                          p.935
         TRUCT-iON -iN ThE dOCTR-iNE FROM BOTh S~AGS CHUN-BA O~ /pHAN-
         YUL AND ~ANN;E SgOM-CHEN. aFTER ThE LAPSE O~ FOUR YEARS/
         ThE tEACHER SA-iD ~O-STAS GyU-TU-BA/S PATh LED H-iM WELL
         ThROUGH ThE F-iTST GOTGE OF PENANCE! nOW -iT -iS T-iME TO PROCEED
         TO GtSAN-KHA OF yAR-MDA.'/ tHE ELDTRS L-AV-iL-G GAThCRED/ ThE
         tEACHET SA-iD ThAT ~'HE W-iLL L-iVE ~OT 121 YEARS AND ThAT MANY
         SA-iNTS (S-iDDHAS) W-iLL APPEAR AMONG H-iS SONS/ NEPHEWS AND
         N-iECES/" hE ThEN NLADE A SEVEN YEARS/ VOW O~ PENANCE AND
         MED-iTAT-iON (De~A'-ThUB-KY-i DAN~-BCA/). hE ALSO OFFER~D ON
         SEVEN OCCAS-iONS ThE TESOLVE TO -iMPART REL-iG-iON TO ALL ThOSE WHO
         WOULD ASK H-iM FOR -iT. tHE tEACHER SA-iDH ~tHERE W-iLL BE NO
         HARM/ -iF YOU WERE TO CONT-iNUE ThC OBSERVANCE O~ YOUR VOW OF
         MED-iTAT-iON FOR A LONGER PET-iOD. sHOULD YOU BE UNABLE TO
         CONT-iNUE -iT/ YOU COULD PREACH EXTENS-iVELY ThE ORD-iNATY DOC-
         TR-iNES. bUT DON/T -iMPART ThO H-iDDEN PRECEPTS OF ThE BkA'-BZ-i
         TO ThOSE WHO ARE UNABLE TO BECOME MASTERS OF ThE dOCTR-iNE/
         AND DON'T -iMPART ThE AUSP-iC-iOUS T-iTES ~RtEN-/BRCL) ON ThOSE
         WL~O ARE UNABLE TO LABOUR FOT ThE WELFARE OF OTBERS -iN Th-iS L-iFE.
         i~ ThEY DO NOT O~ER ThE VOW O~ MED-iTAT-iON/ DO NOT -idTRODUCE
         ThEM TO TL E ~hOUSE O~ ThE aUSP-iC-iOUSNESS/ (SEEMS TO BE ThE
         NAME OF A tANTR-iC CEREMONY--RtEN-'BREL-GY-i KHAng-PA). sHOULD
         ThESE D-iSC-iPLES BECOME EXTREMELY -iMPUDENT/ ThEN GU-iDE ThE-iR
         M-iNDS W-iTh ThE HELP OF TBE ~cYCLE O~ ThE pREC-iOUS mAH.--
         M~LDRA/ (pHYAG~RGYA CBEN-YO R-iN-PO CHE-I SKOR). iN OLD AGE
         YOU W-iLL BE HAPPY. t-iLL ThEN/ ShOULD YOU F-iL~D -iT D-iFL-iCULT TO
         OBTA-iN PTOV-iS-iONS AND CLOTL~ G/ PERFORM AUSP-iC-iOUS REL-iG-iOUS
         CCTENLON-iES. iN GENERAL/ YOU ShOULDN'T BECOME ThE MASTER OF
         MORE ThAN FOUR RET-iNUES (OF D-iSC-iPLES)/ BUT YOU MUST ACT AS A
         SECRCT YOG-iN/ AND CONCENTRATE YOUR EFFORTS ON MED-iTAT-iON."
         tCN-NE ThEN PROCEEDED TOWARDS yAR-MDA' AND -iMPARTED ON
         ThE OL(j MONK (BAN-RGAN) SgOM-GRAGS Oe RtSES-DLAng ThE REC-iTA-
         T-iON OF ThE BlO-SBYOng (BlO SBYOng-G-i BZLAS-NLng). tHE S-iGNS
         OF ThE PUR-iF-iCAT-iON OF S-iNS L~Ay-iNG A~ PEA~ED -iN L)-iM (SgON1-GRAGS)/
         L~E BECAME PLEASED AND PROM-iSED TO S~LPPORT H-iM (tEN-LLEL.
         fOR SEVEN Y~ARS HE PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON -iN A TOWET AT RtSES-
         ThAN. aFTER TWO YEARS/ HE HEARD ThAT pA-TShAB BAD T-iED/
                                                                          p.936
   (31B) AND V-iS-iTED FOR A ShORT WH-iLE (ThE tEACHER'S) N~ONASTERY.
         tHEN FOR TWO YEARS HE STAYED -iMMURED/ EXCEPT FOR A ShORT
         PET-iOD DUR-iNG WH-iCH HE ATTENDED ThE FUNERAL SERV-iCE FOR H-iS
         DECEASED FAThER.
            fOR ThREE YE;H RS HE PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON AND ACQU-iRED ALL
         ThE MER-iTS (OBTA-iNABLE) ON ThE pATB. hE USED TO SAYH
         ~tHOU~/H MY FAME AS A SA-iNT (S-iDDHA) WAS GREAT/ -iN REAL-iTY
         ThE BENEF-iT ACCRUED TO MY D-iSC-iPLES FROM ME WAS -iNS-iGN-iF-iCANT.
         tH-iS SEEMS TO HAVE BEEN DUE TO -iNTERR~LPT-iON ON ThTEE OCCAS-iONS
         -iN MY MED-iTAT-iON AND PENANCE. tBOUGH HE D-iD ACQU-iRE ThE
         MER-iTS ACCRU-iNG FROM ThE S-iGN OF ThE pATh/ HE D-iD NOT D-iSCLOSE
         MOST O~ -iT TO OThERS. hE -iMPARTED SOME (OF -iT) TO ~-iG-PO.
         hE (tEN-NE) ACQU-iRED (TL~E POWER) OF ThE TRANSFERENCE OF ThE
         V-iTAL PR-iNC-iPLE (GRON-~jUG/ PARAKAYA-PRA~ESA)/ AND MADE AN
         EXH-iB-iT-iON OF ThE TRANSTERENCE OF ThE V-iTAL PR-iNC-iYLE AT ThE
         REL-iG-iOUS COLLEGE (CHOS-RA) O~ Râ¥OG jO-SRAS. tHEN -iN ORDER TO
         PRACT-iSE CCRTA-iN tANTR-iC R-iTES/ HE BECANLE A M-iNSTREL/ AND FOR
         S-iX YEARS (WENT ABOUT) S-iNG-iNG SONGS. tHEN ON T1~E ADV-iCE
         OF ~BO lBA-CHEN-PO Oe bYA-SA/ lHA-BTSUN S~ON-MO AND ~O-BO
         bYE/U CHUN-PA/ HE AGA-iN PUT ON ThE N~ONAST-iC ROBES/ AND WAS
         NOM-iNATED ACARYA OF ThE MONAST-iC COLLEGE/ mOST OF L~-iS T-iME
         WA~S SPENT -iN SECLUS-iON/ DUR-iNG WH-iCH HE COMPOSED NUMCROUS
         COMMENTAR-iES (BSAD-'BUM) ON ThC SAY-iNGS Oe dAM-PA (sANS-
         RGYAS). hE DEC-iDED TO ENTRUST H-iS l-iNEAGE TO ~O-SRAS nA~
         MKHA" BNT ThE LATTER D-iED YOUNG. oNE NAMED GH~ON-PA yA-
         TShE WAS CARR-iED AWAY BY H-iS DES-iRES. hAV-iNG GONE TO kON-
         PO/ HE PASSED AWAY. bECAUSE OF H-iS FAME O~ POSSESS-iNG -iMPOR-
         TANT PTECCPTS/ NUMEROUS LEAD-iNG PERSONAL-iT-iES O~ DBu AND
         GyOR ADDRESSED REQUESTS TO H-iM. bUT HE KEPT ThE -iNJUNCT-iON
         Oe H-iS tEACHER/ AND ABSTA-iNCD FROM -iMPART-iNG PRECEF-TS. tHE
         D-iSC-iPLES ON WHO~N HE -iMPARTED PRECEPTS WEREH ThE S-iX K-iNGS
         (GTSAD-PO) OF ~AM-SOD/ ThC S-iX QUEENS ARLD T11E S-iX PR-iNCESSES
         (YUM-BU)/ ThE S-iX KALYANA-M-iTRAS/ ThE SLX tANTR-iCS/ ThE S-iX
         HOUSC-HOLDER D~VOTEES/ AND ThE S-iX MERCHANTS TRAD-iNG -iN ThE
         dOCTR-iNE (CHOS-/TShON-BA/-i TShOR-i-DPON-DRUG) WHO D-iD NOT KCEP
         ThE -iNJUNCT-iOL- OF ThE tCACHER (NOT TO -iM~ART PRECEPTS)/ -iN ALL
                                                                          p.937
         36. tHE F-iRST Th-iRTY D-iD NOT POSSESS ThE l-iNEAGE OF wORD/
         ThE LAST S-iX D-iD NOT POSSESS -iN-iT-iAT-iON AND PERM-iSS-iON. tHERE-
         FORE NO ONE OF ThE 36 WERE F-iT TO BE MASTERS OF H-iS DOCT~-iNE.
         tHEN ThE mASTER OF ThE dOCTR-iNE rOG ~ES-RAB-'OD/ WHO WAS
         -iND-iCATED -iN ThE tEACHER'S PROPHECY/ CAME TO yAR-KLUNS AND
         MADE A REQUEST FOR AN EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE dOCTR-iNE. lATER/
         WHEN HA WAS -iNV-iTED TO ~ng AND REQUESTCD TO PREACH ThE
         dOCTR-iNE/ tEN-NE -iMPARTCD (PRECEPTS) ON BOTh ~-iG-PO L;;L-i-MA
         SEng-GE ANL H-iS B~OThER/ AND ~PPOHLTED ThEM AS mASTERS OF ThE
         dOCTR-iNE. hE ThOUGHT ThAT ThE ABBOTSh-iP AT ThE MONAST-iC
   (32A) COLLEGE AT yAR-L~LUNS WAS A SOURCE OF H-iNDR;LNCE TO H-iM/ AND HE
         GAVE -iT UP. a~TER ThAT HE DRESSED AS HE PLEASED. hAV-iNG
         GONE TO yAR-STOD/ HE H-iD SOME BOOKS ON ThE MOUNTA-iN OF bOS-
         MO. hE RECE-iVED AN -iNV-iTAT-iON FROM ONE NAMED ThE KALYAnA-
         M-iTRA OF GnAS-CH-Lng/ AND TOOK UP RES-iDENCE AT GnAS-CHUL-i AND
         GsER-LHA. tHERE HE ALSO H-iD BOOKS ON ThE ROCKS OF ~AN-ThOG.
         hE ALSO H-iD SEVERAL BO~KS (DPE-GTER) -iN ThE MOUNTA-iNS OF gON
         BO AND sHAM-BU. ~-iG-PO WH-iLE WANDER-iNG ABOU~ ThE COUNTRY/
         HEARD ThLT tEN-NE WAS RES-iD-iNG AT GsER-LHA/ AND WENT ThERE
         TO PAY HON~AGE TO H-iLN. tEN-NE SA-iD TO H-iNLH ~tHE COM-iNG
         OF ~-iG-PO -iS WELCOME ! i WAS -iNV-iTED HERE BY ThE GnAS-CHUN
         KALYâƒNA-M-iTRA/ BUT HE CL-iDN/T G-iVE ME FOOD/ AND LE~T ME TO
         D-iE FROM HUNGER ! nOW YOU MUST TAKE ME TO gRA/" AND SAY-
         -iNG SO/ tEN-NE ShED TEARS PROFUSELY. ~-iG-PO REPL-iEDH ~1 HAVE
         BEEN WANDET-iNG ABOUT ThE COUNTRY ~OR A LONG T-iME/ 1 DO NOT
         KNOW WHAT HAS HAPPENED TO N~Y HOME. i MUST F-iRST GO TO
         MY HOME/ AND ARRANGE FOR YOUR COTLL-iNG. i ShALL ThEN COME
         TO -iNV-iTE YOU/ tEACHCR." tEN-NE SA-iDH ~sON/ BE-iNG CAREFUL
         -iN ThE KEEP-iNG ~F YOUR VOWS/ i KNOW/ YOU W-iLL KEEP YOUT
         PROM-iSE. bUT -iT WOULD BE BETTER -i~ YOU WERE TO TAKE ME
         ThERE AT ThE PRESENT T-iME.'/ ~-iG-PO ThEN WENT TO H-iS HOME/
         SOLD A GOOD F-iELD FOR BUTTER AND BARLEY/ AND RETURNED TO -iNV-iTE
         ThE tEACHER. wHEN TL EY CAME TO gRA/ ThE tEACHER SPENT
         H-iS T-iME AT VAR-iOUS PLACES AND USED TO REPROACH H-iM SOMET-iMES
         FOR FOOD/ SOMET-iMES FOR CLOTh-iNG/ BUT ~-iG-PO REN~A-iNED CON-
         TENTED/ ~ELC ~A-iTh BORN -iN H-iN~SE~F AND ENDURED ThE REPROACHES.
                                                                          p.938
         aT ThE END OF L~-iS ~-iFE tEN-NE ~ECAME BL-iND. hC PASSED
         AWAY AT TBE AGE OF 9 1 -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-fEMALE-oX (ME-MO-GLA~N
         --12~7 a.d.) AT bRAG-SGOM CHEN-MO. tHEY BU-iLT A CA-iTYA
         AND PLACED ThE REMA-iNS -iNS-iDE -iT. tHE CA-iTYA AND REMA-iNS
         HHLVE BEEN P~ESERVED T-iLL ThE PRESENT T-iME W-iThOUT DAMAGE.
         wHEN RtAG-TU-NU (sADARODANA/ ~cONSTANTLY WEEP-iNG/') WAS
         SEARCH-iNG FOR ~BOS-/PHAGS (dHARMOCCA? RtAG TU NU AND cHOS-
         'PL~AGS ATE ThE NAMES OF TWO bODH-iSATTVAS N~ENT-iONED -iN ThE
         LAST CHAPTER OF ThE asTSâƒHASR-iKâƒ-pRAJNAPARAM-iTâƒ. tHE F-iRST
         WAS SO CALLED BECAUSE HE CONSTANTLY WEPT WHEN HEAR-iNG ThE
         pRAJâ¤APARAM-iTA REC-iTED. hE ONCE MADE TL~E ATTEMPT TO SELL
         H-iS HEART TO A N~ETCHANT -iN ORDER TO ACQU-iRE OF~ER-iNGS FOR PTE-
         SENTAT-iON TO ThE pRAJâ¤âƒPARAM-iTA. tHE DAUGHTER OF A R-iCH
         MERCHANT TOLD H-iM ThAT -iT WAS UNNECESS~RY TO SELL H-iS HEHLRT/
         AND ThAT ShE WOULD G-iVE H-iN~ ThE NECESSATY EXRENSES. tHEY
         ThEN PROCEEDED -iN SE~RCH O~ OS-'PH;LGS WHO WAS SA-iD TO
         POSSESS A COMPLETE TEXT OF TL~E pRAJNâƒPATAM-iTL. t11E C-iTY OF
         cH~ENG-TU -iN sSU-CH~UAN pRO~-iNCE -iN cH-iNA -iS BEL-iEVED TO BE
         ThE RES-iDENCE OF ThE bODH-iSATTVA cL-OS-/PHAGS)/ HE FOUND ThE
         VOLUMES OF ThE pRAJNâƒPARAm-iTA SEALED W-iTh SEVEN SEALS. bE-
         CAUSE OF Th-iS OMEN Th-iS l-iNEAGEH BECALNE A ~s-iNGLE' l-iNEAGE
         T-iLL ThE SEVENTh TEACHET OF TL~E l-iNEAGEH aS~N~A/ wASUBANDHU/
         ThE BR-iHLdAN. A ~RYADEVA/ dAM-PA (sAngS-RGYAS)/ k UN-D /A "
   (32B) pA-TShAB/ tE-NE (tEN-NE). h-iS D-iSC-iPLE ;~-iG-PU AND L~-iS BROThER
         PROPAGATED TL~E COMPLETE PRECEPTS TOWARDS TL~E TEN QUARTERS.
         h-iS (tEN-NE'S) EULOGY BY ;~-iG-POH
                  ~oUTWARDLY/ AS -iF CONSUMED BY STRONG DES-iRES/
                   iNWARDLY_A tEACHER WHO HAD EXTERM-iNATED DES-iRES.
                   oUTWARD~Y/ AS -iF A VERY STUP-iD MAN/
                   iNWARDLY--A tEACHER OF GREAT RES-iGN;LT-iON.
                   oUTWARDLY--D-iFF-iCULT OF APPROACH/
                   hE WAS A tEACHER LONGED FOR BY OThERS/ WHEN SEPARATED
                     FRONL L~-iM.
                   oUTWARDLY--A M~N OF OTD-iNARY BODY AND SPEECL~/
                   iT-WARDLY--A tEACHER OF STEADFAST V-iRTUE.
                   oUTWARDLY--RECL-iN-iNG W-iThO-LT MED-iTAT-iN~/
                                                                          p.939
                   iNWARDLY--A tEACHER OF EN-iNG ThE NUMBERLESS GATES OF
                     MED-iTAT-iON.
                   tHOUGH H~ GENER~!/ HE D-iL NOT STUDY N~-LCLL/
                   iNWARDLY (HE WAS) A tEACHER ~NAME W-iTh ThE W-iSDOM
                     BORN OF MED-iTAT-iON.
                   oUTWARDLY--A M-iSER -iN REL-iG-iON/
                   iNWARDLY--A tEACHER SPREAD-iNG W-iDELY ThE mED-iTAT-iVE
                     l-iNEAGE.
            i F~RHLY TO Th-iS lORD k-iNG Oe ThE h-iDDCN (SbABS-PA/-i RGYAL-PO)
         -iL- H~LMALL FORM!" tHE cH~PTET ON ThE ThREE CLASSES OF
         TEACHERS OF ThE H-iDDEN "sHLGLE" lH1CAdE.
            tHOSE/ ON WHOM ThE MAHAS-iDDHA (GRUB-C~1EN~ j-iNA tE-NE
         (~tELL-LLE) HA~L ENTTUSTE~L FULLY ThE lHLEAGE OF ThE dOCTR-iNE/
         ~ERE ThE TWO BROThERS rO;/R. nOW DUR-iN~ ThE PET-iOD OF ThE
         eARLY L~RO~A~ T-iON OF ThE dOCTR-iNE (BSTAN-PA SngA-D~R) ThERE
         HA~L BEEN ONE NAMED nAN-N1KHA' YE-SES/ ThE MONK OF rOG
         WHO POSSESSCD KNO~VLEDGE AND SUPERNATURAL POWERS. h-iS
         DESCENDANTS BECATNE EXCELLENT MANTRADHARAS. tHE 24Th -iN
         ThE l-iL~E WAS ONE NAMED rOG sHES-RAB BLA-MA/ A D-iSC-iPLE OF
         gO-RUB y~ng-DAG Ai-D DpAi lHA-R-i-BA. hE PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON
         ON wAJRAKâŒLA/ AND WAS S~LCCESSF- i -iN ThE R-iTE OF EXCRC-iSh~G DEAD
         OOD-iES. iT ~VAS FORCTOLD ThAT ThERE W-iLL BE E-iGHT GREAT TNET1
         AMONG H-iS DESCENDANTS. hE WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR iRON-mALE-
         hORSE (LCAGS-PHO-RTA--LOGO a.d.)/ AND PASSEj A~VAY -iN ThE
         YEAR ~(ATER-fEMALE-sERPENT (CHU-NLO SBRUL--1173 a.d.) AT
         ThE AGE OF 84. h-iS SON WAS BkRA-S-iS GRAGS-PA. hE WAS A
         MANTRADHARA/ WHO HAD ACQU-iRED H-iS FAThER/S KNOWLEDGE/ AND
         WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR eARTh~ LE-~LORSE (S~-PHO-RT.L--1138
         a.d.)/ tH-iS eARTh-hORSE YEAR -iS ThE YEAR OF ThE B-iRTh OF
         RgYA-MA DPON-STON. hE PASSED AWAY AT ThE AGE OF 49 T33N)
         aMONG ThE ThREE BROThERS ~/HO HAD -iNCARNATED FOR ThE WELFARE
         OF OThERS/ AND WHO WERE BORN TO H-iM AND MOThER ~HHOS-KY-i-
         DGE/ ThE EiDEST ~OS-RAB-'OD WAS AN -iNCARNAT-iON OF ThE eAST
         iND-iAN MAHâƒ-PAnD-iTHL/ NAMED sHES-RAB-GRUB (pRAJNâƒS-iDDHA~. hE
         VAS B)RLL -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-mALE-dOG (ME-PHO-LCL-LY-i--1166
         F~.d.). aT ThE A;/E OF F-iVE H-iS GRAND-F;LThER sHES-RAB BLA-MA
                                                                          p.940
         TAUGHT ~ WR-iT-iNG AND AR-iThMET-iCS. aT ThE AGE OF 7/ HE
         BECAME AN EXPETT -iN READ-iNG AND WAS ABLE TO TEC-iTE DUR-iNG
         ONE DAY ThE pRAJâ¤âƒPARAM-iT;~ -iN 2S/000 SLOKAS (~-i-KHR-i/ pARLCA-
         V-iMShAT-iSâƒHASR-iKâƒ). tHE FAThER D-iD NOE B.L-iEVE -iT/ AND MADE
         H-iM REC-iTE ThE TEXT -iN H-iS PRESENCE. t11E FA~HER JO-iNED ThE
         YALMS O~ L~-iS HAL~DS -iN DEVOT-iON. t-iLL ThE AGE OF LO/ HE
         STUD-iED TL~E DOCTR-iNES OF ThE tANTRA W-iTh L~-iS FAThER AND
         GRAND-FAThER. tHE FAThER TL~EN ThOUGHT T11AT ONE ShOULD TEACH
         ThE BOY ThE ART OF MAG-iC. hE MADE L~-iM STAY -iN SECLUS-iON
         FRON~ ThE AGE OF iO TO 13/ ~ROP-iT-iAT-iL)G wAJRAKâŒLA. mANY S-iGNS
         OF M-iRACULOUS POWER WERE OBSERVED. eSPEC-iALLY/ HE OBTA-iNED
         A CLEAR V-iS-iON OF TL~E COMPLETE -iMAGE O~ wAJRAKâŒLA. hE SA-iDH
         ~i HAVE COMPLETED ThE PROL -iT-iAT-iON OF kâŒLA. nOW MY BODY
         H~S BECOME S-iM-iLAR TO A SOL-iD P-iECE OF -iRON. nOW -iF i wETE
         SURROUNDED BY A ThOUSAND DEMOL~S/ ThEY WOULDN'T BE ABLE TO
         HARM EVEN MY RET-iH UE/ HOT TO SPEAK OF MYSELF." aT ThE AGE
         OF 13/ AT ThE REQUEST OF rOG-STON BTSAN-PO TO H-iS FAThER/ HE
         WAS SENT TO H-iM FOR sTLLL~. fOR TWO Y~EARS HE STUD-iED/ AND
         BECAME MASTER OF ThE MdO (A SECT-iON OF ThE RL~L-ing-MA tANTRA)
         CLASS/ ThE cYCLE OF mAY⃠AND CF ThE ~dOMA-iN OF ThE m-iND"
         (sEMS~ YOGS~/ ACCORD-iNG TO ThE METhOD O~ sO/ ThE SgRUB-
         ThABS RNAM-GSUM/ ThE a-RO ~/SAng-SKOR/ ThE w-iMALA (A Tâ¥-ing-MA
         BOOK~/ AN(L ThE PTECEPTS O~ ThE ~uPPER" l-iNEAGE OF TBE ~
         BYED SYSTEM/ AND L)ECAME iEARNED. fROM rOG-STON KlU-SBY-iN HC
         OBTA-iNED N~LMERO-LS SâƒDHANAS Oe TL-E kR-iYA (tANTRA). sOMEWHAT
         LATER HE OBTA-iNED FROM H-iM ThE NEW TRANSLAT-iON OF ThE nAGAT-
         JUNA SYSTEM (gUHYASAMAJ~/ AS WELL AS ThE cYCLE OF sAMVARA
         ACCORD-iNG TO T11E METhOD OF mAR-dO (mAR-PA dOPA). aT ThE
         AGC OF 15/ HE OBTA-iNED FROM lHA-BDTES-MA GOng-BA ThE cYCLE
         OF MdO/ TBE cYCLE OF mâƒYA/ ACCORD-idG TO ThE METhOD OF SkYO/
         AND ThE "tANTRAS OF sCR-iPTURES" (lUN-G-i TgYUD/ A CLASS OF
         Râ¥-ing-MA sCR-iPTURES'/ CALLED ThE ~s-iX l-iTTLE sONS'/ (bU-CHUN-
         ~jRUG)/ ThE f-iVE tANTRAS OF ThE ~'EARLY" TRANSLAT-iON (SR;A-/GYUT-
         GY-i TGYUD-LNA BELONG-iNG TO ThE Râ¥-ing MA-PA SECT)/ ThE cYCLE
         OF aRHRTA ACCORD-iNG TO ThE SYSTEM OF kHAMS/ ThE RtA-MGR-iN
         iHA-BZ-i/ ThE SgRON-SBRUL/ AND OThET TE~TS. aT ThE AGE OF 16/
                                                                          p.941
   (33B) HE BROKE ONE O~ H-iS TCETh/ AND AN -iRON TOOTh WAS PUT -iN -iTS
         PLACE/ AND ThEREA~TER HE BECAME KNOWN AS ThE ~sCHOLAR W-iTL
         ~N -iRON TOOTh" (LCAdS SO-CAN). w-iTh ThE âƒCâƒRYA yAM-ShUD
         D~OS GRUB HE STUD-iED W-iTh /~REAT ~SS-iDU-iTY ThE cYCL~ O~ MdO
         AND ThE cYCLE O~ mâƒY⃠ACCORD-i~LG TO ThE METhOD OF zUR/ FROM
         ThE ~GE OF 16 TO ThE AGE Oe 20. nO ONE W~S ABLE TO DEFE~T
         H-iM -iN PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL DEB;~TES. fORN~ETLY HE WAS CALLED RgY~-
         N~ON/ BUT yAM-SUD NAMED H-iM sHES-RAB-/OD. aT ThE ~GE O~
         i7/ HE HEARD FROM SkY~ng-PO dAT-MA-GRAGS ThE ~fOUR dOC-
         TR-iNES" (CHOS-BZ-i) OF '~AM-DPAL SGEG-PA/ AND ThE ~s-iX dOC-
         TR-iAES" OF sMRT-i (sNRT-i/-i CHOS-DRUG). aT ThE AGE O~ 18/ HE
         COMPOSED A COMMENTARY ON ThE lAM-R-iM (Râ¥-ing-MA/-i lAM-R-iM)
         O~ ThE cYCLE O~ mâƒY⃠AND ;i suN~MALY (SToL-i-Th~ ) 0F G~
         aT ThE AGE OF 19/ 11E JOURNEYED TO GtSAng. aT F-iRST 11E V-iS-iTED
         sO dAR-SER; -iN lOWER lHA11. aS SOON AS HE MET H-iM/ GRCAT
         F~-iTh W~S BORN -iN H-iM. hE OL)TA-iNE-L FROM H-iM ThE dOCTR-iNE OF
         yAR;HDAG (~ Râ¥-ing-MA ~LOCTR-iNE~/ ThE cYCLE OF aN-LTA/ ThE
         RdZOGS-CHEN SGAng-DR-iL (A ~ ;-M~ SYS~EM~/ ThE MdO-SGYU
         MTShAN-MA (A R~-ing-MA WORK)/ ThE BR~NCHES OF aBH-iDHARMA/
         AND ThE "dOMA-iN OF pRACT-iCE'/(BSlAi)-PHYO~S). fROM ThE LATTER'S
         ASS-iST~NT PREACHET lAng-STON ~O-~AD (HE OBTj-i~LED) TL-E aBL--i-
         DHARMAS~NLUCCAYA (M~ON-PA kUN-LAS-BTAS) AND ThE cYCLE O~
         (wAJRA)KâŒL~ ACCORD-iNG TO ThE METhOD OF SkY-i. gROM RgY~A BsOD-
         NaHLMS-/BAR ~T mYAng-STOCL (uL-PER ~iYAng) 1~E OBTA-iNED TL~C cYCLE
         O~ aMRTA ~CCORD-iNG TO ThE METhOD OF RgYA. fROM ThE BLA-N~A
         RgYA sEng-DK~R -iN ThE wESTERN gORGE O~ lHO-BRAG 1-E OBTA-iL~E~L
         RHE cYCLE O~ aMRT~ (BdUD-RTS-i). fROM ~iYAng nAG-MDO-L)O
         L~E OBTA-iNCD ThE cYCLE O~ MdO ~L~D TLiE cVCLE O~ ~iAYA. fL-OM
         ThE ACâƒRY;~ DpON-ZLOS 11~ OBTA-iNED ThE pHYAG-R~.YA CL~CL~-})O MDZOD.
         fROM ThE ~CâƒRYA ~O-D~R HE OBTA-iNED ThE RdZOdS-CL~CN KlO-i~-
         CTLEN A (Râ¥-ing-MA BOOK~. fROM GtSAng-NA;/ L~RtSON-/GR~LS SELL-BE
         HE OBTA-iNED ThE tShLD-ML BSj~iS-PA (TB-iS SEEN1S TO L)C A t-iBETAN
         WORK)/ ThE sANCAYA (SdUD-~A/ pRAJâ¤A~âƒRAM-iT.~SALLCA~ ABâƒThA/
         MdO-N1Ang/ FOL. 3456; sEE ?~i. lAL~UH ~lCS N1dO-MAngS"/
         pAR-iS/ /93}/ P. 42/ nO. LO8)/ ACCORD-iNG TO T11E METL~OD OF
         /bUM-Y~. fROTN Th~ S-iDDHA D~OS-GRUB L~E OBTA-i~1ED T1~E ThREE
                                                                          p.942
         cYCLES OF ThE mAH⃠KARUN-iKA (aVALOK-iTESVARA). lATER/ WH-iLE
         HE WAS RES-iD-iNG AT ThE RES-iDENCE OF lHA-RJE sO/ H-iS FAThER WHO
         LAD COME TO L)R-iNG SOME ~TOV-iS-iONS/ WAS SUDDENLY STR-iCKEN W-iTL
         PARALYS-iS/ AND D-iED. hE SUT~ERED FROM DEEP SORROW/ AND
         SPENT WHAT REMA-iNED OF T11E PROV-iS-iONS -iN MEMORY OF H-iS
         FAThER. hE ThEN PROCEE(jED TOWARDS DBuS AND CAME TO gRA-
   (34A) ThAL;. h-iS FAThER DEAD/ H-iS mOThER AND BROThER DEST-iTUTE/ HE
         FELT SAD AND ThOUGHT OF GO-iNG TO kHAMS. bUT ALL H-iS RELAT-iVES
         ADV-iSED H-iM NOT TO GO ThERE/ AND -iNSTALLED H-iM (AS PREACHER).
         ~Toi11 TL~E AGE OF 2 1 / 1~E USED TO STUDY Ai-D PTEACL~ AT TL~E SAME
         T-iME. s-iNCE TL~EN 1~E OBTA-iNED FROM NUMEROUS TEACHERS (ThE EX-
         Pos-iT-ioiL OF ThE dOCTT-iNC). fROM TL~E KAL~AnA-M-iTTA MtHA/-BZ-i
         HE OBTA-iNED ThE pRAJL;APATALRL-iTA/ T'LE mADL-YAMAKA AND lOG-iC.
         hAV-iNG MASTETED ThE UPâƒYA-N]LRGA OF nâƒ-TA-PA/ AN CXTTAOTD-i-
         NATY EXPER-iENCE WAS PTODUCED -iN L~-iN~/ WH-iCH TEALOVED
         (L~-iS) DOUBTS CONCERN-iNG H-iDDEN PRECEPTS. aT TL~E AGE
         OF 74/ HE SUSPECTED ThAT 11E HAD CONTTACTED LEPTOSY.
         ti~EN gTU RnAMGRAGS/ A NEPL~EW OF gTU GO-LCH~/ CAME
         TO V-iS-iT BsAM-YAS/ i-E OBTA-iL~ED FTONL H-iM ThE H-iDDEN
         SCROLL (SOG-DR-iL ZAB-N~O) OF gTU/ AND STAYED -iN SECLUS-iON
         AT N~kL~AT-TU-SGAN. hE SUCCEEDED -iN CL~ECK-iNG ThE BEG-iNN-iNGS
         OF LE~ROSY. tHEN HAV-iL.G GONE TO StOD~ NS TO ASK bA-T-i FOT
         -iNSTRUCT-iON -iL~ ThE TEACH-iNGS OF T1~E ~'l-iNE~GE OF ThE mEAN-iNG/'
         (dON-RGYUD)/ HE FOUND ThAT ThE LATTER WAS STAY-iN;/ -iN SECLUS-iON.
         tHEN HAV-iNG GONE TO ThE RES-iDENCE OF RgYAL-BA DkON-SKYABS
         AT ~Ong-PA STER;S/ HE ASKED FOT TBE ~l-iL~EAGE OF ThE mEAN-iNG
         (dON-RGYUD)" OF SmRA-L)A/-i SEL-i-GE. aT F-iRST SkON-SKYABS WAS
         SOMEWHAT RELU.TANT TO PREACL~ HKKLEN ~RECEPTS. 011E DAY
         WHEN ThE tEACHER AND L~-iS D-iSC-iPLE WERE EL7GAGED -iN D-iSCUSS-iNG
         R~L-iG-iOUS TERMS/ ~-SRAS 'bROB-PO SA-iDH ~ti~-iS KALYâƒnA-LN-iTRHL -iS
         ThE N~OST FAMOUS REL-iB-iOUS SCL~OLAR BELOW T1~E s-iL-MA lA OF GtSAL-i.
         hOW W-iLL YOU BE ABLE TO DEFEAT H-iM/ tEACHER?" tHE tEACHER
         ThEN SA-i(L TO H-iMH ~'i D-iCLN'C KNOW YOU ERE SUCL~ .. MAN! pRAY
         EH-iCUSE ME!/' AND SAY-iN;/ SO/ HE -iMPARTEj TO L--iN~ TL~E COMPLETE
         H-iDDEN PRECEPTS. hE ThEN OBTA-iNED MANY PRECEPTS OF ThE
         BYED SYSTEM/ SUCH AS TL~E ~pRECEPTS OF SkAM" (~kAM-GY-i
                                                                          p.943
         GDAMS-PA)/ ThE tHUN-BCUD OF RmA/ AND ThE MtShAN-BTjOD GSER-
         ThUR (BELONGS TO ThE ~-i-BYED SYSTEM) OF /bROM yE-SES-'BAR.
         tH-iS BENEF-iTTED ALSO H-iS -iLLNESS. hE SPENT ThREE MONThS ThERE.
         tHE FOLLOW-iNG YEAR/ ON ThE N-iGHT OF ThE FULL-MOON OF ThE
         MONTh OF pAUsA-PURN-iM⃠(RgYAL-GY-iS NA-BA/ iH)ECEMBER-jANUARY)/
         AGED 25/ WH-iLE PRACT-iS-iNG ACCORD-iNG TO ThE METhOD OF tHUN-
         BCUD/ AN -iNCONTROVERT-iBLE w-iSDOM OF COGN-iZ-iNG tRUTh (RTOGS-
         PA-I YE-ShES) WAS BORN -iN H-iS m-iND. aLL ThE eLEMENTS OF ThE
         pHENOMENAL eX-iSTENCE (CHOS ThAMS-CAD) AND ThE n-iRVAn-iC STATE
         WERE UNDERSTOOD (BY H-iM) TO BE MERE NAMES. hE ThEN OBTA-iNED
         FROM ~;LAM-ShOD RgYA RAS ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE mAH⃠MUDRâƒ/ ThE
         TEACH-iNG OF ThE /~l-iNEAGE OF mEAN-iNG'/ OF kA-BA-CAN-PA/ ThE
   (34B) tHABS-LAM (uPâƒYA-MâƒRGA) -iN VERSES (TSh-iGS-BCAD-MA)/ AND ThE
         UPâƒYA-MâƒRGA OF MgUi-SGOM. aT ThAT T-iME/ WHENEVER STRONG
         EMOT-iONS AROSE -iN H-iM/ HE WAS ABLE TO CLAR-iFY (H-iS M-iND) BY A
         MERE RET~ECT-iON ON ThE MEAN-iNG OF ThE BAS-iC TEXT (MULA) (OF
         PRECEPTS). hOWEVER HE WAS UNABLE TO LEAD H-iS DULL M-iND
         ALONG ThE PATh. hE WAS ALSO UNABLE TO L-iFT H-iS M-iND FROM -iTS
         PR-iMARY STATE. wHEN HE HAD REACL-ED ThE AGE OF 28/ 'cHUS-
         PA dAR-BRTSON PASSED AWAY/ BUT HE HEARD ThAT ThE LATTER'S SON
         'cHUS-PA BRtSON-'GRUS SENGE WAS EQUAL TO H-iS FAThER -iN ThE
         POSSESS-iON OF H-iDDEN PRECEPTS AND YOG-iC -iNS-iGHT. sO HE PRO-
         CEEDED TO cHAng-KHY-iM D-iSGU-iSED AS A BEGGAR (iDOM-BU-BA).
         dUR-iNG ThE F-iRST YEAR/ HE OBTA-iNED ThE PERMLSS-iON (LUR;) OF RmA/
         sO AND SkAM/ AND PRACT-iSED ThESE METhODS W-iTh D-i~-iGENCE.
         hE FOUND OUT ThAT /cHUS-PA D-iD NOT D-iFFER -iN H-iS -iNTERPRETA-
         T-iON OF ThE BAS-iC TEXT FROM RgYAL-BA DkON-SKYABS/ BUT ThAT HE
         WAS MORE EXPERT -iN H-iS MANNER OF EXPOS-iT-iON AND -iN H-iS METhOD
         OF PRACT-iCE. /cHUS-PA PROCEEDED TO gRA TO PRES-iDE (GRAL-DPON
         BYED-PA) OVER ThE FUNERAL CEREMONY OF ThE KALYâƒnA-M-iTRA bAG-
         CHAGS R ES-MED. (rOG) ENTERTA-iNED ALL ThE D-iSC-iPLES AND SUPPOR-
         TERS ~OF H-iS tEACHER) W-iTh H-iS ShARE OF ThE FEAST/ AND 'cHUS PA
         WAS PLEASED AND SA-iDH ~ i ShALL CNTERTA-iN YOU W-iTh WHAT RE-
         MA-iNS OF ThE dOCTR-iNE OF iAST YEAR. cOME TO SEE ME OL~
         rOG WENT ALONG TO ATTEND ON H-iM. aT ThAT T-iME (DA-RES) HE
         OBTA-iNED ThE REMA-iN-iNG PRECEPTS. hE ESPEC-iALLY ShOWED GREAT
                                                                          p.944
         D-iL-iGENCE -iN ThE (STUDY) O~ ThE METhOD O~ sO (CHUN-BA). tHE
         tEACHER ThEN ENTRUSTED H-iM W-iTh ThE l-iNEAGE OF ThE pRAJNâƒ-
         PâƒRAM-iTA AND MADE H-iM PROM-iSE TO DO PENANCE FOR 3 YEARS. rOG
         WAS OF ThE OP-iN-iON ThAT ThE SYSTEM OF sO CONTA-iNED SOME
         PROFOUND PRECEPTS WH-iCH HE D-iD NOT OBTA-iN BEFORE/ AND ASKED
         FOR ThEM7 BUT AT ThAT T-iME (ThE tEACHER) D-iD NOT -iMPART ThEM
         TO H-iM. lATER HE RECE-iVED A MESSAGE WH-iCH READH '~A YOG-iN
         -iS COM-iNG FROM SkY-i-ShOD. hELP H-iM !" rOG ARRANGED A
         RECEPT-iON FOR Th-iS ACâƒRYA-YOG-iN AND ACCOMPAN-iED H-iM T~ ThE
         RES-iDENCE OF ThE tEACHER. tHE tEACHER -iMPARTED PRECEPTS TO
         H-iM (rOG). hE ALSO OBTA-iNED ALL ThE H-iDDEN PRECEPTS OF ThE
         cYCLE O~ BYED SGRON-MA/ ThE N-iNE cYCLES OF SgRON-MA/ ThE
         METhOD OF icE AND ThE SYSTEM OF L~Ang. tHE tEACHER SA-iD TO
         H-iMH ~'nOW ThERE -iSN/T ThE SL-iGHTEST D-iFFERENCE BETWEEN YOU
         AND ME -iN ThE KNOWLEDGE OF ThE ~-i BYED SYSTEM." hE ThEN
         ThOUGHT ThAT HE ShOULD PRACT-iSE ThE METhOD OF SkAM FOR ThREE
         YEARS. hE GAVE UP ALL (i -iS WORLDLY) POSSESS-iONS/ AND D-iD NOT
         KEEP ANYTh-iNG/ NOT EVEN A TEA-CUP (GSOL-ZAL/ A CUP). tHE
         âƒCâƒRYA yAM-ShLLD D-iSAPPROVED ~F -iT SOMEWHAT/ BUT rOG SANG A
         PSALM/ AND ThE tEACHER ~HED TEARS. hE (rOG~ ThEN SPENT
   (35A) ThREE YEARS -iMMURED -iN ThE CENTRAL HOUSE OF RtSE-PA-SGAng/
         L-iVED ON NECTAR (RASâƒYANA/ /TShO-BA BCUD-LEN)/ WORE RAGS/ AND
         KEPT ThE VOW OF S-iLENCC. hE PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON AND OBTA-iNED
         ThE S-iGNS O~ ThE pATh/ WL~-iCH WERE S-iM-iLAR TO ThE CONTACT
         BETWEEN A STONE AND A BONE (LAM-RTAGS-DAng TDO-RUS PHRAD--A
         FAMOUS SAY-iNG OFTEN QUOTED -iN REL-iG-iOUS TEXTS/ MEAN-iNG ThAT
         -iF ONE W-iShES TO EAT ThE MARROW O~ ThE BONE/ ONE ShOULD CRUSh
         ThE BONE W-iTh A STONE. iN MED-iTAT-iON ThERE -iS NEED OF A
         D-iREC~ CONTACT BETWEEN ThE m-iND AND ThE dOCTT-iNE). tHE
         STREAM OF OBSCURAT-iON ThEN CAME TO AN END (Th-iS SENTENCE MAY
         ALSO MEAN ThE STOPPAGE OF UT-iNE AS A RESULT OF ThE B~UD-LEN
         PRACT-iCE). w-iTh-iN ONE MONTh HE DEVELOPED ThE NOT-iON OF ThE
         ABSENCE OF DAY AND N-iGHT. iN GENERAL/ HE F-iRST HAD A V-iS-iON
         OF ThE TUTELARY DE-iTY. sECONDLY/ HE RECE-iVED PROPHEC-iES
         UTTERED BY D;~K-iNâŒS. lASTLY/ HE WAS ABLE TO USE YAKSAS (GNOD-
         SBY-iN) AS H-iS SERVANTS. aT ThE AGE OF 30/ HE MET SgY-i-TShAN.
                                                                          p.945
         zH-iG-PO/ WHO WAS OF EXTREME OLD AGE/ AND WAS SUPPORTED ON
         BOTh S-iDES BY TWO FEMALE-ASCET-iCS (SGOM-MA). hE USED TO
         PASS UR-iNE AND ThEN DR-iNK -iT. hE POSSESSED A BEAUT-i~UL BODY
         AND A SM-iL-iNG COUNTENANCE. aS SOON AS rOG SAW H-iM/ ALL H-iS
         USUAL ThOUGHTS BECAME TRANSFOTMED. hE FELT UNCERTA-iN HOW
         TO SALUTE AND HONOUR ThE ELDER. tHEN SgY-i-TShAN -i~-iG-PO
         GAVE H-iM ThE REMA-iN-iNG NECTAR (-i.E. H-iS UR-iNE) ~ DR-iRLK/ WH-iCH
         HE D-iD/ AND A FEEL-iNG OF WELL-BE-iNG F-iLLED H-iS BODY. hE (rOG)
         ThEN ASKED SEVERAL QUEST-iONS ON ThE dOCMNE/ EHOUGH HE FELT
         UNEASY. tHE tEACHER SA-iDH ~f-iRST i HAD STUD-iED ThE dOC-
         TR-iNE. tHEN i HAD MASTERED -iT/ AND ThEN i HAD PRACT-iSED -iT.
         nOW FOR ME ThERE DOESN/T EX-iST ANY D-iF~ERENCE BE~WEEN REL-i-
         G-iON AND NON-REL-iG-iON. yOU DO NOT POSSESS ThE EAR OF L-iSTCN-
         -iNG TO ThE dOCTR-iNE. i DON/T KNOW HOW TO PREACH -iT TO YOU!
         bUT YOU TAKE Th-iS MUCH!/" SAY-iNG SO HE GAVE H-iM A NA-iL OF
         H-iS LEFT HAND/ ON WH-iCH APPEARED ThE -iMAGE OF (wAJTA) VARAH-i
         (ThE yOG-iNâŒ/ RnAL-'BYOR-MA). tHEN HE D-iSCARDED ALL CONS-
         TRUCT-iVE ThOUGHTS WH-iCH D-iF~ERENT-iATED BETWEEN V-iRNLE AND S-iN/
         BETWEEN ThAT WH-iCH WAS TO BE ABANDONED AND TBE ANNDOTE
         (GNEN-PO)/ AND BETWEEN MYST-iC TRANCE (SAMADH-i) AND KNOW-
         LEDGE ACQU-iRED AFTER ThE TRANCE (PRSThA-LABDH~JNANA). wHEN
         HE WAS FORMERLY RES-iDLNG AT ThE RES-iDENCE OF /L~HUS PA/ HE
         HEARD ThAT tE-NE WAS -iN POSSESS-iON OF PRECEPTS. wHEN ~BO
         RnAL'BYOR OF bYA-SA HAD -iNV-iTED ThE dHARMAS~RAM-iN OF 'bR-i-
         KHUN AND RgYA-MA r-iN{HEN SGAN-PA/ HE WENT TO MEET ThEM/
         AND ABOUT ThAT T-iME MET tE-NE. tE-NE BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE
         ThREE ~iMMACULATE l-iNEAGES O~ ThE oRD-iNARY" (tHUN-MON-G-i
         BRGYUD-PA DR-i-MED-GSUM)/ AND SA-iDH ~ LN Th-iS dOCTR-iNE ThERE
         ARE MANY -iN-iT-iAT-iONS/ ETC. yOU ShOULD -iNV-iTE ME TO YOUR
         NAT-iVE PLACE/ AND i ShALL ThEN COMPLETE ThEM. tHERE EX-iSTS
         A KARM-iC L-iNK BETWEEN ME AND YOU". rOG REPL-iEDH ~i AM
         A YOG-iN AND POSSESS NO LANDED PROPERY/ AND A1N ThEREFORE
         UNABLE TO -iNV-iTE YOU L" tE-NE SA-iDH "nO ONE ELSE W-iLL COME
         ThERE/ E~CEPT ME. iN ANY CASE YOU ShOULD -iNV-iTE ME ! tHE
   (35B) DAK-inâŒS/ GUARD-iANS OF ThE dOCTR-iNE/ HAD ALSO TOLD ME ABOUT
         -iT. i ShALL COMPLETE (ThE EXPOS-iT-iON) OF ThE dOC~-iNE/'. tHEY
                                                                          p.946
         ThEN F-iXED ThE T-iME OF ThE -iNV-iTAT-iON -iN ThE MONTh OF â¥A-
         DRUG (kRTT-iKA/ Sm-iN-DRUG). aFTER ThAT HE JOURNEYED TO SkY-i-
         TShAN AND OBTA-iNED ThE nâƒMASAngGâŒT-i ACCORD-iNG TO ThE SYSTEM
         OF dAM-PA (sANS-RGYAS)/ ETC./ AS WELL AS ThE s-iX sECT-iONS (bRUL-
         TShO) OF GcOD. fORMERLY ThE tEACHER HAD G-iVEN TO OThERS
         ThREE SECT-iONS ONLY/ BUT NOW HE BESTOWED ON rOG ThE COMPLETE
         ~s-iX sECT-iONS/'. tHE tEACHER BE-iNG VERY AGED/ HE OBTA-iNED
         ThE M-iNUT-iAE FROM H-iS DAUGHTER SkAL-LDAN. aFTER ThAT WHEN
         HE CAME TO RtSE-SGAng/ HE BLED FROM H-iS NOSE FOR SEVEN DAYS/
         DUE TO ThE NON-OBSERVANCE OF A FORMER VOW OF PENANCE.
         mED-iC-iNES AND R-iTES WERE OF NO AVA-iL. iN GENERAL/ HE HONOURED
         AR!D PRAYED TO tEACHERS. hE ESPEC-iALLY CHER-iShED ThE MEMORY OF
         sO dAR-MA SEng-GE. hE SAW dAR-MA SEN-GE WEAR-iNG A BLUE MAN-
         TLE (BER) AND WALK-iNG ThROUGH ThE SPACE -iN FRONT OF H-iM. tHEN
         HE (dAR-MA SEN-GE) TOUCHED W-iTh H-iS HAND (H-iS FOREHEAD) BET-
         WEEN ThE EYE-BROWS AND ThE BLEED-iNG STOPPED/ L-iKE A CHANNEL
         CHANG-iNG SUDDENLY -iTS COURSE. aFTER ThE DEATh OF rOG-STON
         BTSAN-PO AND ThE PERFORMANCE OF ThE FUNERAL R-iTES/ HE HAD
         TO POSTPONE ThE T-iME F-iXED FOR ThE -iNV-iTAT-iON OF tE NE.
         wH-iLE HE WAS STAY-iNG AT bAng-R-iMS HE SAW -iN A DREAM
         A WOMAN ADORNED W-iTh COWR-iES WHO TOLD H-iMH ~RgYAL-BA tE-NE
         -iS WA-iT-iNG FOR YOUR -iNV-iTAT-iON." hE ThEN SENT FOUR MEN TO -iN-
         V-iTE ThE tEACHER. tHE MEN MET ThE TEACHET AT ThE HOUSE OF ThE
         ALMS-G-iVER LcAGS-'BAR HL lOWER 'oN. tE-NE WAS PLEASED. tHE
         SAME EVEN-iNG HE SENT ThE NECESSARY BOOKS W-iTh ThE MESSEN-
         GERS/ AND CAME H-iMSELF NEXT MOTN-iNG. wH-iLE tEN-NE WAS
         BESTOW-iNG AN -iN-iT-iAT-iON FOR ThE BENEF-iT OF yAR-CHEN rE'U AT
         RgYABS/ ~-iG-PO ALSO CAME ThERE. pR-iESTS AND SUPPORTERS/
         ABOUT 40 -iN ALL/ OBTA-iNED ThE ~a-i-i kA-L-i' -iN-iT-iAT-iON. aFTER
         ThAT ThEY PROCEEDED TO bAN-R-iMS/ AND HE OBTA-iNED DUR-iNG ThREE
         MONThS ThE ORD-iNARY DOCTR-iNES/ SUCH AS ThE BkA'-BABS DR-i-MED/
         AND OThERS. tE-NE CAME AGA-iN LATER/ AND TOLD rOGH '~nOW
         PREPARE A tANTR-iC FEAST (GANACAKRA). i HAVE TO TELL YOU SOME-
         Th-iNG ABOUT ThE dOCTR-iNE." hE ThEN BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE
   (36A) EXTRAORD-iNARY PRECEPTS (tHUN-MOng MA-Y-iN-PA-I GDAMS-PA)
         TOGEThER W-iTh ThE SUMMARY (STOng-ThUN) OF ThE tANTRA/ ThE
                                                                          p.947
         -iN-iT-iAT-iON TOGEThER W-iTh ThE EXPLANAT-iON OF ThE pATh (DBAN-
         TAM-KHR-iD-DAng-BCAS-PA). tHE tEACHER SA-iDH ~tHOUGH i
         POSSESS ThESE PROFOUND PRECEPTS WH-iCH WERE UNKNOWN PRE-
         V-iOUSLY/ i HAVE NO R-iGHT TO BESTOW ThEM ON OThERS (SBY-iN-
         DBAN)/ (MY) tEACHER HAV-iNG FORB-iDDEN -iT/ EXCEPT (ThE PRECEPTS)
         OF ThE s-iNGLE l-iNEAGE. bAN-RGAN SgOM WAS F-iT TO BE ENTRU
         TED W-iTh ThE (PRECEPTS) OF ThE s-iNGLE l-iNEAGE (CH-iG-BRGYUD)/
         BUT HE D-iED/ AND SOME AUSP-iC-iOUS S-iGNS AND MER-iT WERE
         OBSERVED. tHE SON/ HOWEVER/ -iSN'T F-iT FOR ThE WORK (LAS-SU
         MA-RUng~/ SO HAV-iNG ENTRUSTED ThE s-iNGLE l-iNEAGE TO ~OU/ DON'T
         D-iVULGE -iTS PRECEPTS T-iLL MY DEATh. aFTER MY DEATL YOU CAN
         ACT ACCORD-iNG TO YOUR OWN D-iSCRET-iON." hE ThEN ENTRUSTED
         TO H-iM ALL ThE BOOKS AS WELL AS ThE 16 SMALLER VOLUMES.
         lATER WHEN tE-NE CAME AGA-iN/ ~H-iG-PO/ SgOM-PA SmAN-GC-iG-
         PA StON-PA nAM-MKHA' AND OThERS ALSO OBTA-iNED SOME PRE-
         CEPTS. fURThER/ HE BESTOWED ON TiLEM ThE dOHA ACCORD-iNG
         TO ThE METhOD OF ~A-MA/ ThE cYCLE OF ThE ShORT TEACH-iNGS OF
         pi~YAR-CHEN (pHYAR-CHEN-GY-i BKA/-CHO-LU-I SKOR)/ ThE cYCLE OF
         iNJUNCT-iONS OF pHYAR-CHUng (pL~YAR CHL ng-G-i BkA'-RGYAS-PA-I
         SKOR)/ ThE cYCLE OF ThE sUMMARY OF wAJRAKRODHA (wADZRA-
         KRODHA-I BSDUS-PA)/ AND ThE METhOD OF RmA BY sO~-PO MdO-
         SDE. aT ThE T-iME OF H-iS DEATh/ tE-NE FELT ATTRACTED TOWARDS rOG
         MORE ThAN TOWARDS H-iS OThER D-iSC-iPLES/ WHO ASKED ~wHO
         POSSESSES ThE COMPLETE DOCTR-iNE OF ThE tEACHER?/' tHE tEA-
         CHER (tE-NE) REPL-iEDH ~wHO EiSE/ -iF NOT ThE ACâƒRYA sHES-
         RAB? hE SEARCHED -iNS-iDE (FOR ThE dOCTR-iNE) AS FOR A LOST
         COW. hE JO-iNED TOGEThER ENDS OF ThE TEN BCAMS (-i.E.
         tEN K-iNDS OF H-iNDRANCES)/ AND HAV-iNG PASSED BELOW ThEM/
         HONOURED ME." iN Th-iS MANNET HE OBTA-iNED PRECEPTS/ BUT
         ThEY D-iD NOT HELP H-iM TO DEVELOP A SUDDEN TRANCE/ BES-iDES ThE
         ONE WH-iCH HE POSSESSED FORMERLY/ BUT ThE PO-iNT OF ThE
         ThOUGHT OF ThE mASTER dAM-PA RgYA-GAR PENETRATED -iNTO H-iM/
         AND ALL H-iS MENTAL DOUBTS WERE REMOVED. aT ThE AGE OF 32/
         HE -iNV-iTED ThE âƒCâƒRYA rOBHA OF gRA-PHY-i/ AND OBTA-iNED FROM
         H~M ThE BdE-MCHOG iHA-BCU-GSUM-NLA (tHE 13 DE-iT-iES OF ThE
         sAMVARA cYCLE)/ ThE dOHA OF t-ing-P~ ~ThE dOH⃠ACCORD-iNG RO
                                                                          p.940
         t-i-PU)/ ThE B~-i~HOS OF lO-TO-BA/ ThE /pHO-BSRE (NAMC OF A
         SYSTEM)/ ThE tHUN-/~OG (A SECT-iON O~ ThE ~-i-BYED)/ ThE
         S~AN-BRGYUD YUM-SKOR/ ThE RnAM-/~OMS ACCORD-iNG To
         ThE METhOD OF SnUR/ ThE "fOUR sCROLLS" (SOG-DR-iL BZ-i)
         OF /tShUR/ AND OThER TEXTS. aT 33/ HE BU-iLT A LANE FOR (
   (36B) PUBL-iC( BENCF-iT. aT ThE AGE OF 35/ HE OBTA-iNCD FROM dAR-
         SGOM ~-iG-PO OF S~E-ThAN ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON AND ThE PRECEPTS OF
         ThE cY.LE OF tH-iG-LE SBRAN-/~-iB (NARNE OF A BOOK) OF RgYA-GAR
         ~ANT-i-PA. aT ThE AGE OF 36/ HE JOURNEYED TO MkHAR-CHU AND
         HAD A V-iS-iON OF ThE MANDALA OF kHRAG-/ThUT; (A FORM OF hCRUKA).
         aT ThE AGE OF 39/ dAM-PA (sAR;S-RGYAS) MAN-iFESTED TO H-iM
         H-iS FORM/ AND PREACHED TO H-iM ThC SnAMS-SNAN-MA (NAME O~ A
         BOOK). aT ThE AGE O~ 40/ HAV-iNG ACCEPTED ThE PRESENT O~ S~E-
         MDO/ OF~ERED BY RgYAL-TShA MdO-DBAN/ HE ENTRUSTED ThE MONAS
         TERY TO SmRA-BA/-i SEN-GE. aT ThE AGE O~ 4~/ DUR-iNG ThE PER-
         FORMANCE OF ThE aMRTA R-iTE AT RtSE-SGAR; ThE NECTAR RAN DOWN/
         AND ALMOST DRENCHED ThE CjOThES OF ThE tEACHER AND D-iSC-iPLES.
         aT ThE AGE OF 48/ HE DEVELOPED ThE FACULTY OF PRESC-iENCE OF
         ThE d-iV-iNE eYE (DLVYA-CAKSU/ iHA/-i SPYAN) AT mU-T-iG. tHEN
         WH-iLE RES-iD-iNG AT tShE-PO LUN/ HE V-iS-iTED A V-iLLAGC WHETE HE
         MET RdO-RJE-GRAGS/ SON OF yE-SES-GRAGS OF M~A'-R-iS/ WHO
         POSSESSED ThE S~AN-BRGYUD-YAB-SKOR (BELONGS TO ThE 7-i-BYED
         cYCLE)/ AND ThEY EXCHANGED ThE-iR RESPECT-iVE yAB-SKOR AND
         yUM-SKOR. aFTER ThE AGE OF 49/ HE LOOKED A~TER ThE WELFARC OF
         OThERS. tE-NE HAV-iNG PASSED AWAY/ HE BECAME FREE FROM ThE
         (tEACHER/S) -iNJUNCT-iON. tHE KALYANA-M-i~A kHAMS-PA ~ES-TAB
         BRTSON-/GRUS HAV-iNG PREPAR~D NUMEROUS O~ER-iNGS AND A tANTR-iC
         FEAST (GANACAKRA)/ rOG TAUGHT ThE '~SPEC-iAL" PRECEPTS. aFTER
         ThAT (H-iS L-iFE) BECAME ENDANGERED ThROUGH -iT/ BUT LATER FROM ThE
         AGE OF 65 ThAT DANGER RECEDED GRADUALLY. aT ThE AGE OF 68/ HE
         REVOLVED ThE gREAT wHEEL O~ ThE lAW AT ThE GREAT MONASTERY
         OF sUM-B~U T-iLL ThE M-iDDLE OF ThE MONTh. aT ThE AGE OF
         79/ HE PASSED AWAY -iN ThE YEAR wOOD-mALE-dRAGON
         ~S-iN- PHO-'BRUG--1244 a.d.). aFTER ThE CREMAT-iON OF
         H-iS REMA-iNS MANY REL-iCS WERE LEFT HEH-iND/ SUCH
         AS AN -iMAGE OF sAMVARASAHAJA (BdE MCHOG iHAN-
                                                                          p.949
         SKYES) AND ThAT OF wAJRA-YOG-iM (RdO-RJE RNAL/BYOR-MA/
         wAJRAVARAH~).
            h-iS YOUNGER BROThER ThE dHARMASVAM-iN ~-iG-POH iN
         H-iS FORMER L-iFE HE HAD BEEN A K-iNG OF oDD-iYANA HAMED
         dHARMADEVA ~HOS-KY-i iHA) WHO HAD ATTA-iNED SP-iR-inAL
         REAL-iZAT-iON ThTOUGH ThE PRACT-iCE O~ A SECRET MANTRA (GSAN-SNAGS
         ZA~MO). fROM ThAT COUNTRY HE ~VAS REBORN HERE -iN ThE
         YEAR iRON-fEMALE-hARE (iCAGS-MO-YOS--1171 a.d.). aT ThE
         AGE OF 3/ HE RECOLLECTED ThE SUFFER-iNGS O~ ThE sARNSARA AND
   (37A) MASTERED WELL ThE ALPHABET. aT ThE AGE OF F-iVE OR S-iX/
         H-iS MOThER TAUGHT H-iM READ-iNG. s-iNCE ThE AGE OF 7/ HE USED
         TO FOLLOW H-iDDEN PRACT-iCES AND PRETENDED TO BE DUMB. aT
         ThE AGE O~ 1 2/ HE HEARD ThAT ThE PREACH-iNG OF ThE dOCTT-iNE
         BY kHA-RAG GRA-PA /dUL-BA-/OD HAD CAUSED MANY TO DEVELOP
         MED-iTAT-iON -iN ThE COMPOUND OF ThE MONAST-iC COLLEGE. aS
         HE WAS SENT BY H-iS MOThER TO ANOThER PLACE/ HE WAS UNABLE
         To ENTET ThE COMPOUND OF ThE MONAST-iC COLLEGE/ BUT AFTER
         HEAR-iNG ThE ABO-VE STORY/ HE PROCEEDED TO ThE MONASTCRY
         COMPOUND DUR-iNG ThE N-iGHT/ AND SA-iD LVEEP-iNGH ~wHY
         D-iDN'T 1 COME HERE TO-DAY?" hE ThEN PA-iD HOMAGE TO ThE
         REL-iG-iOUS PEOPLE OF ThE tEN qUARTERS/ AND A K-iND OF PURE STATE
         WAT PTODUCED -iN H-iM. aT ThE AGE OF 16/ H-iS FAThER D-iED.
         hC ABANDONED H-iS SECRET PRACT-iCES/ AND SUPPORTED H-iS MOThER
         BY PERFORM-iNG R-iTES -iN V-iLLAGES. aT ThE AGE OF 18/ WH-iLE
         RES-iD-iNG ALONE -iN A CAVE CALLED bYA-MO SPTELTAG/ HE HEARD
         ThE CRY OF ThE OWL AND AT F-iRST H-iS M-iND BECAME UNEASY/ ThEN
         HE PONDERED OVER ThE CAUSE OF Th-iS UNEAS-iNESS OF (H-iS) M-iND/
         AND REAL-iZED ThE NATURE OF ThE m-iND BE-iNG DEVO-iD OF -iNDEPEN-
         DENT NATURE. aFTER ThAT HE OBTA-iNED FROM ~-iS ELDER BROThER
         MANY DOCTR-iNES AND PRECEPTS. fURThER/ HE WANDERED ThROUGH
         MANY COUNTR-iES -iN SEARCH OF PRECEPTS/ ATTEND-iNG ON EVERY
         FA~NOUS TEACHER. aT ThE AGE OF 25/ HE PTEACHED ThE pRAJNA-
         PâƒRAM-iTASANCAYAGAThA (SdUD-PA) TO A REL-iG-iOUS ASSEMBLY.
         hE D-iSCOVERED ThAT H-iS HEARERS WERE NOT TOO PLE~SED (W-iTh
         H-iS EXPOS-iT-iON)/ AND FLED TO SmAN~C-iG. oN ThE WAY
         HE EXPER-iENCED SOME ACC-iDENTS CAUSED BY ThE eV-iL oNE
                                                                          p.950
         (mâƒRA)/ BUT WAS UNaHARMED. a LOCAL GODDESS RECE-iVED H-iM/
         AND SUPPORTED H-iM WH-iLC HE WAS STAY-iNG AT nAM-MKHA'-
         RDZON. aT ThE AGE OF 26/ HE RECE-iVED A LETTER FROM H-iS EiDER
         BROThER WH-iCH S~-iD ThAT ThE GREAT TEACHER tE NE HAD COME
         TO RgYABS AND WOULD BE BESTOW-iN~ -iN-iT-iAT-iONS/ AND
         ThAT HE ShOULD COME ThERE. hE WAS VERY PLEASED/
         PROCEEDED ThERE/ AND OBTA-iNED -iN-iT-iAT-iON. tHEN ThE tEACHER
         TOLD H-iM ThAT HE ShOULD PRACT-iSE ThE METhOD OF GU-iDANCE/
         AND FOR 23 DAYS HE PRACT-iSED ThE ~-pUR-iF-iCAT-iON OF ThE m-iND'/
         (Bi~SBYON)/ AND EVEN D-iD NOT HAVE T-iME TO PARTAKE OF FOOD.
         hC REAL-iZED ALL ThE S-iGNS AND MER-iTS. tHEN HAV-iNG GONE
         -iNTO ThE PRESENCE OF ThE tEACHER/ HE RELATED H-iS EXPER-iENCES
         TO H-iM. tHE tEACHER REBUKED H-iM MUCH/ AND SA-iDH ~-yOU
         DOB'T EVEN POSSESS ThE SME~L OF YOUR FAThER/S MARROW-BONE/
         AND ThE SMELL OF YOL~R MOThER/S FAT! " hE D-iD NOT REAL-iZE
   (37B) ThAT H-iS tEACHER WAS TEST-iNG ThE DEGREE OF H-iS pUR-iF-iCAT-iON
         O~ ThE m-iND/ AND ThOUGHT ThAT ThE tEACHER WAS F-iND-iNG
         EXCUSES FOR NOT G-iV-iNG H-iM ThE PRECEPTS sO HE SANG A SONGH
              ã¹-o wENERABLE pREC-iOUS tEACHER!
                bE GRAC-iOUS TO YOUR DEVOTED D-iSC-iPLE!
                iN GENERAL ThERE ARE FEW PERFECT TEACHERS!
                eVEN RARER ARE SU-iTABLE D;SC-iPLES.
                i/ A BEGGAR OF SAD MOOD/ -iRREL-iG-iOUS ThOUGHTS
                  NEVER COME TO MY M-iND/
                bUT Th-iS T-iME i HAVE BROKEN ThE VOW OF
                  RES-iD-iNG -iN A HERM-iTAGE.
                i GRASPED ThE FOOT OF ThE FAMOUS mASTER!
                i HAVE EARNESTLY PRACT-iSED ThE aCCUMULAT-iON OF mER-iT
                  (PUNYA-SAMBHâƒRA).
                dUR-iNG (ThE STUDY) OF ThE "pUR-iF-iCAT-iON OF ThE m-iND/"
                  WH-iCH -iS ThE pATh/
                i MAN-iFESTED ThE ThREE K-iNDS OF D-iL-iGENCE.
                tH-iS T-iME ThERE APPEARED ThREE S-iGNS OF PUR-iF-iCAT-iON/
                wH-iCH WERE D-iFF-iCULT TO REMOVE.
                aLL ThE S-iGNS OF ThE pATh/ DESCR-iBED -iN ThE tANTRA/
                wERE NOW PRODUCED W-iThOUT MED-iTAT-iON.
                                                                          p.951
                tHE DREAM/ ThOUGH -iT -iS (CAUSED) BY ThE -iNLQUENCES OF
                  FORMER EX-iSTENCES/
                i SAW S-iX DREAMS ABOUT WH-iCH i AM AFRA-iD EVEN TO SPEAK.
                i/ A BEGGAR WHO HAD ABANDONED EX-iSTENCE/
                  WR-iT-iNG -iSN'T NECESSARY TO ME.
                o fAThER L sHOW ME ThE PRESENTS OF ThE oRAL tRAD-iT-iON!
            tHUS HE SANG/ AND ThE tEACHER COULD HARDLY BEAR H-iS SONG.
         tHE tEACHET PRETENDED TO HAVE AWAKENED FROM SLEEP/ AND
         SA-iDH "LN GENERAL/ ThERE EX-iST MANY WHO FOLLOW ThE hOLY
         dOCTR-iNE/ BUT ThERE ARE VERY FEW WHO OBTA-iNED ThE COMPLETE
         H-iDDEN PRECEPTS OF ThE mED-iTAT-iVE l-iNEAGE (SGRU~BRGYUD).
         eVEN -iF HE WOULD F-iND ThE PRECEPTS/ HE WOULDN'T BE ABLE TO
         FOLLOW ThE COMPLETE EXPOS-iT-iON AND WOULD BE ANX-iOUS TO
         CONSULT WR-iTTEN RECORDS. iN Th-iS MANNER HE M-iSSED AN
         AUSP-iC-iOUS C-iRCUMSTANCE/ AND ThUS i WAS UNABLE TO F-iND ONE TO
         WHOM 1 COULD ENTRUST ThE l-iNEAGE. i HAD KNOWN PTEV-iOUSLY
         ThAT YOU POSSESSED S-iGNS AR.~ MER-iTS/ BUT Th-iS -iSN'T YET ThE
         REASON FOR COMPLET-iNG (ThE PRACT-iCE). eVEN -iF YOU HAD
         COMPLETED -iT/ i DO NOT KNOW WHEThER i ShOULD BEST~W
         PRECEPTS OF ThE oRAL tRAD-iT-iON ON YOU. bES-iDES MYSELF
         ThERE -iS ALSO ANOThER mASTER O~ Th-iS (dOCTR-iNE). i MUST
         CONSULT (H-iM)!" AND SAY-iNG SO/ HE SANG ThE FOLLOW-iNG SONGH
               "fROM ThE MOThER (YUM) ThE DEV⌠nA-iRâƒTMA
                  AND TO ThE GRAC-iOUS FAThER pA-TShAB/
                tHESE PRECEPTS WERE HANDED DOWN A S-iNGLE l-iNEAGE
                  (-i.E. TRANSM-iTTED ThROUGH ONE D-iSC-iPLE ONLY).
                tHE BR-iDGE OF ThE l-iNEAGE OF HOLDERS OF
                  YOG-iC -iNS-iGHT REMA-iNED UNBROKEN.
   (38A)        tHE STREAM OF PRACT-iCE D-iD NOT CHANGE -iTS COURSE.
                aLL OF ThEM (YOG-iNS) OBTA-iNED S-iGNS AND MER-iTS.
                tHOUGH i POSSESS A PERM-iSS-iON/ i HAVE NO R-iGHT TO
                  TRANSM-iT -iT TO OThERS/ BUT TO A S-iNGLE -iND-iV-iDUAL.
                fORMERLY ThERE HAD BEEN MANY DES-iROUS TO OBTA-iN -iT/
                i PROMM-iSED ThEM/ BUT ThEO POSTPONED -iT.
                tHERE DOES NOT EX-iST EVEN A S-iNGLE D-iSC-iPLE -iN
                  HARMONY W-iTh ThE tEACHER.
                                                                          p.952
                i SAT CONT-iNUOUSLY OBSERV-iNG YOG-iC RULES AND
                  NEVER ACCEPTED BLESS-iNGS FROM DEV-iLS/
                i NEVER PRAYED TO (GODS)/ AND NEVER REC-iTED
                  H-iDDEN WORDS W-iTh MY MOUTh/
                i NEVER PREACHED SECRET DOCTR-iNES TO PEOPLE.
                mAY Th-iS K-iNGLY tREASURY OF pRECEPTS MEET A WORThY SON!
                iN GENERAL i HAVE BEEN HMOUS FOR MY STR-iCTNESS
                  -iN PREACH-iNG."
            hE (~-iG-PO) USED TO SAYH ~L MYSELF HAD FA-iTh -iN H-iS
         tEACH-iNG AND ThOUGHT H-iM TO BE A MATCHLESS tEAC~-iER. i
         ALSO OFFETED H-iM ThE VOW TO PRACT-iSE MED-iTAT-iON. i ALSO
         REVERED H-iM ACCORD-iNG TO ES-iST-iNG CUSTOMS. tHE tEACHER WAS
         PLEASED W-iTh ME AND BESTOWED ON ME ALL ThE COMPLETE
         dOCTR-iNES./' tHOUGH HE HAD MANJ TEACHERS/ HE CONS-iDERED
         tE-NE TO BE H-iS TRUE TEACHER (RTSA-BA/-i BLA-MA OR ROOT-TEACHER).
         tHE dHARMASVAM-iN /bR-i-KHUN-PA ASKED H-iM TO CONT-iNUE H-iS
         l-iNEAGE/ BUT HE REPL-iEDH ~1 HAVE TO CONT-iNUE ThE l-iNEAGE OF
         ThE YOG-iC TEACHER" (tE-NE). aT ThE AGE OF 31 / HE PROCEEDED
         TO /bR-i-KHUN. tHE LOCAL DE-iTY (~NAS-PO) HAV-iNG TAKEN
         POSSESS-iON OF A MAN/ WENT OUT TO RECE-iVE H-iM. hE MET ThE
         dHARMASVAM-iN WHO ATTENDED ThE ASSEMBLY (OF MONKS). hE
         TOOK UP ThE F-iNAL MONAST-iC ORD-iNAT-iON -iN ThE PRESENCE OF ThE
         ABBOT DpAL-CHEN gURBA/ ThE ACARYA GtSAN-PA 'dUL-'DZ-iN/ AND
         ThE sECRET pRECEPTOR L~AGS-R-i-PA. hE WAS G-iVEN ThE NAME OF
         r-iN-CHEN SES-RAB. tHE pREC-iOUS oNE H-iMSELF -iNVESTED H-iM
         W-iTh ThE D-iV-iNE VESTMCNTS AND LOOKED AT H-iM FROM T-iGHT AND
         LEFT/ FROM ThE BACK AND FROM ThE FRONT/ SAY-iNGH ~1T LOOKS
         VERY WELL!" AND STTOKET B-iS HE;TD W-iTh H-iS HAND. fURThER/
         HE OBTA-iNET FTOM SgOM-PA SmAN~C-iG ThE SkABS-DAN-PO (OF
         ThE aBH-iSAMAYALAMKARA) AND ThE cYCLE OF /tShALPA. fROM
         /~HUS PA BRtSON-SEN HE OBTA-iNED ThE m-iDDLE l-iNEAGE
         (BRGYUD-PA BAR-MA). fROM sO dAR-SEN ThE yAN DAG-M~GC-iG.
         fROM /~HAR-BU RGYA-RAS HE OBTA-iN~D ThE DOCTR-iNE OF DbAN-RAB
   (38B) ACCORD-iUG TO ThE SYSTEM OF sO. fROM r-i-KHROD SbUG-STON HE
         OBTA-iNED ThE RJE-BTSUN-MA (PRAYER TO tARA) ACCORD-iNG TO ThE
         METhOD OF pU-HRANS AND ThE G~OD-BRUL-TShO-DTUG-PA. fROM
         TgYALBA DkON-SKYABS HE OBTA-iNCD ThE METhOD OF sO. fROM
                                                                          p.953
         rOG-STON BTSAN-PO ThE kA-GA-N-i/ ThE RnAM-'~OMS/ AND ThE
         BdUD-RTS-i CHEN-MO. fROM rOG-STON KlU-SBY-iN ThE gUHYA-
         SAMâƒJA-tANTRA PROPER. fROM ~-iG PO BdUD-RCS-i ThE RdZOGS-
         CHEN SNAN-BRGYUD (ThE oRAL tRAD-iT-iON OF ThE RdZOGS-CHEN
         SCHOOL). fROM kHA-RAG SkY-i-STON ThE cYCLE OF /tShAL-PA/
         SUCH AS ThE ~GzER-LNA/' AND OThER TEXTS. fROM sANS-PA
         rOM-BHE ThE /pHO-BA SpY-i BRTOL (A TEXT ON ThE TRANSFERENCE
         O~ ThE V-iTAL PR-iNC-iPLE). ~ROM lO-SGOM AND GlAN SN-iN-PO ThE
         -iN-iT-iAT-iON OF BdE-MCHOG BCU-GSUM-MA. fROM rOG ~ES-RAB
         ZLA-BA ThE GsAng-BA PHUR-GC-iG (NAME OF A R~-iN-MA BOOK)/ AND
         ThE BdUD-RTS-i BUM-GC-iG (A R~-iN-MA WORK). fROM H-iS ~AThER
         ThE oRAL tRAD-iT-iON OF ThE mAH⃠MUDR⃠(pHYA~RGYA CHEN-PO
         SNAN-BRGYUD) AND OThER TEXTS. fROM lHAB-DRES-MA GON-PA
         ThE /~AM-DPAL BSES-GNEN-MA (A R~-ing-MA BOOK)/ ETC. hAV-iNG
         LEFT /bR-i-KHUN/ HE FELT ATTRACTED TOWARDS MED-iTAT-iON AND DEVO-
         TED H-iMSELF SOLELY TO MED-iTAUON AT tSA-R-i/ MkHAR-CHU/
         sHAMBHU/ m11-T-iG/ pHO-MA/ AND gANS-BZAN. a~TERWARDS HE
         MOSDY LABOURED FOR ThE WEL~ARE OF OThERS. tHE GODS OF ThE
         LOCAL-iTY CAME OUT TO RECE-iVE H-iM. aT ThE AGE OF 37/ HE TOOK
         UP RES-iDENCE AT A HERM-iUGE. hE GAThERED ROUND H-iM A RET-iNUE
         OF GOOD/ BAD AND MED-iOCRE D-iSC-iPLES. tHERE ALSO HE PREPARED
         A COPY OF ThE TEACH-iNGS O~ H-iS l-iNEAGE (BkA'-BRGYUD) WR-iTTCN
         -iN GOLD. iT WAS OF ThE S-iZE OF ThE aVATAMSAKA (pHAL-CHEN).
         aT ThC AGE O~ 40/ HE JOURNEYED TO d-iN-R-i. dâƒK-iMS/ POSSE-
         SS-iNG W-iNGS OF W-iND O~ ThE sUN AND mOON/ RECE-iVED H-iM.
         aFTER REACH-iNG ThE BANK O~ ThE /oN-C-HU/ HE SAW BOTh ThE
         pREC-iOUS dAM-PA (sANS-RGYAS) AND ThE bODH-iSATTVA (kUN-DGA/)
         COM-iNG TO MEET H-iM/ SAY-iNGH "yOUR COM-iNG -iS GOOD!" iN ThE
         N-iGHT OF H-iS COM-iNG TO GlAN-'KHOR/ HE SAW A DREAM Th~T HE
         WAS GO-iNG TO A LAND OF PREC-iOUS STONES/ WH-iCH -iND-iCATED ThAT
         HC WAS DEST-iNED TO LABOUR FOR ThE WELFARE O~ OThERS. hE MADE
         EXTENS-iVE OFFER-iNGS TO ThE -iMAGE OF ThE mAH⃠BODH-i AND ~
         OThER -iMAGES. hE PA-iD HOMAGE AND PLEASED NUMEROUS MALE AND
         FEMALE YOG-iNS. hE USED TO TELL MANY STOR-iES ABOUT GlAN-
   (39A) 'KHOR/ AND ThA -iNMATES OF ThE MONASTERY RHOUGHT ThAT HE WAS
         A MAN-iFESTAT-iON OF dAM-PA. tHOUGH HE WAS ASKED TO BECOME
                                                                          p.954
         ThE ABBOT (OF GlAR;-/KHOR MONASTERY)/ HE RETURNED. aT ThE
         T-iME O~ H-iS DEPARTURE (FROM ThE MONASTERY) HE WORSh-iPPED
         ThE SkUGDUR; kA-RU (NAME OF dAM-PA/S CA-iTYA)/ AND ThE
         CA-iTYA ShOOK ThR-iCE. nUMEROUS REL-iCS FELL OUT. hE CAUSED A
         ShOWER OF rEL-iG-iON TO FALL ON ThE j-iSC-iPLES. hE WROTE MANY
         TREAT-iSES/ SUCH AS ThE gREAT AND sHORT lAM-R-iN-/ ThE BsHAD-/BUM
         AND OThER TEXTS. iN ThE END HE ATTA-iNED n-iRVâƒnA ON ThE
         22ND DAY OF ThE F-iRST W-iNTER MONTh OF (DGL~N-ZLA RA-BA) ThE
         YEAR wOOD-fEMALE-sCRPENT (S-ing-MO-SBRUL--1245 a.d.) AT
         ThE AGE OF 75. oN ThE 18Th DAY OF ThE MONTh RgYAL
         (RgYAL~Y-i ZLA-BA/ dECEMBET-jANUARY) HE SAT O~ ThE L-iON'S
         ThRONE/ ERECT -iN BODY/ AS -iT HE HAD NO PA-iN. h-iS RET-iNUE
         GAThERED ROUND H-iM/ AND HE UTTERED ThE FOLLOW-iNG WORDSH
         ã¹~fROM ThE OUTSET i HAD BUT L-iTTLE HLTTRACT-iON TOWARDS Th-iS L-iFE.
         bECAUSE OF Th-iS/ 1 WAS AFRA-iD TO BECOME A TEACHER OF ThE
         PEOPLE OF ThE iRON-aGE (SRL-iGS-MA-I SEMS-CAN-GY-i SLOB-DPON).
         hOWEVER 1 WAS COMPELLED TO BECOME ONE. tHE ~QOWER OF ThE
         PURE m-iND HAD TO BLOSSOM FORTh/ AND i WAS ABLE TO BENEF-iT
         L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS. iT SEEMS TO ME TL~AT ThERE EX-iST A PROFOUND
         KARM-iC L-iNK AND VOTARY L-iNK BETWEEN US/ tEACHER AND D-iSC-iPLES.
         ~OU ALSO HELD ME VERY DEAR AND ShOWED YOUR REVERENCE. i
         ALSO LOVED YOU/ AND ThUS/ WE/ FAThER AND SONS/ BECAME HAPPY
         -iN HARMONY W-iTh ThE dOCTR-iNE. wE STAYED TOGEThER FOR A
         LONG T-iME. iT -iS D-iFF-iCULT FOR ONE TO SPEND H-iS ENT-iRE L-iFE
         W-iThOUT HARM TO ONE/S REPUTAT-iON. oUR FAME L-iNKED TO ThE
         dOCTR-iNE/ SPREAD TOWARDS ALL qUARTERS. nOW i AM TO ENTER
         -iNTO pAR-iN-iRVAnA ! dON/T BE SAD/ FOR WE ARE ONE -iN sP-iR-iT.
         wE ShALL NOT REMA-iN APART. aFTER MY DEATh -iT WON'T BE
         NECESSARY FOR AN AS~ET-iC/ WHO L~AD R~ACHED ThE STAGE CHARACTER-
         -iZED BY ThE ABSENCE OF CONSTRUCT-iVE TBOUGHTS/ TO POSSESS TL-C
         M-iRACULOUS S-iGNS. tHE dâƒK-iNâŒS ARE SWEEP-iNG (Ti~E F~OOR) AND
         ARRANG-iNG A SEAT. tH-iS -iND-iCATES ThAT ThERE W-iLL BE AL~ OB/ECT
         OF WORSh-iP. yO-L MUST PRAY EARNESTLY !" hC EVEN GAVE
         -iNSTRUCT-iONS NOW TO CRELMATE L -iS MORTAL RELMA-iNS. hE AiSO
         SA-iD ThAT ~ -iN Ti~-iS MONASTERY A11 ShOULD PRACT-iSE MED-iTAT-iON/
   (39B) AND ThAT GOOD ~H-iLL RESULT AFTER ThREE YEARS/" W-iTh ThESE WORDS/
                                                                          p.955
         HE PASSED OUT. aS -iND-iCATED BY H-iM/ NUMEROUS WONDERFUL
         REL-iCS WERE LEFT BEH-iND (AFTER H-iS CREMAT-iON)/ AND ThEY ARE PRE-
         SERVED T-iLL ThE PRESENT T-iME AT (H-iS) HERM-iTAGE.
         aFTER H-iM DbON-PO sHES-RAB DBAN-PA OCCUP-iED ThE ABBOT~S
         CHA-iR/ BUT D-iED W-iTh-iN ONE YEAR. aFTER H-iM/ (H-iS) YOUNGER
         BROThER 'dAG-'BYAR-PA WAS NOM-iNATED (ABBOT). hE ALSO
         PASSED AWAY W-iTh-iN ONE YEAR. tHUS -iT BECAME KNOWN ThAT
         NO ONE WAS ABLE TO OCCUPY ThE CHA-iR/ BECAUSE OF -iTS SANCT-iTY.
         hOWEVER /kHRUL-~-iG-PA OCCUP-iED -iT ~OR A CONS-iDERABLE T-iME.
         tHE SCHOLAR SmRA-BA/-i SEng-GEH iN HLS FORMER L-iFE HE HAD
         BECN A HERET-iC/ A FOLLOWER OF ThE sâƒL;NKHYA SYSTEM -iN ThE
         COUNTRY OF kâƒSMâŒRA. hE DEL-iGHTED -iN PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL DEBATES.
         hE V-iS-iTED eAST iND-iA AND DEFEATED (-iN DEBATES) NUMEROUS
         SCHOLARS. lATER ThE PAND-iTA pRAJâ¤âƒS-iDDH-i (sHES-RAB GRUB-PA)
         REFUTED (H-iS PO-iNT OF V-iEW)/ AND DEFEATED H-iM. aFTER ThAT HE
         ACCEPTED pRAJNâƒS-iDDH-i AS H-iS TEACHER/ AND OBTA-iNED FROM
         H-iM ThE yAMâƒNTAKA -iN-iT-iAT-iON. hE WAS G-iVEN ThE SECRET
         NAME O~ '~-iGS-MED-RTSAL. tHE tEACHER AND D-iSC-iPLE/ PROCEED-
         ED TOWARDS oDD-iYANA TO ThE PALACE OF K-iNG dHARMADEVA
         (~HHOS-KY-i iHA)/ PROTECT-iNG ThE dOCTR-iNE. aT ThE K-iNG'S
         REQUEST/ pRAJNAS-iDDH-i (sES-RAB GRUB-PA) PRES-iDED OVER AN
         ASSEMBLY/ AND '~-iGS-MED-TTSAL ACTED AS KARMA-âƒCâƒRYA/ AND HELD A
         tANTR-iC FEAST (GANACAK~A)/ tHEY EXPRESSED ThE SOLEMN W-iSh
         TO MEET AGA-iN -iN ALL FUTURE EX-iSTENCES. bECAUSE O~ Th-iS/ Th-iS
         '~-iGS-MED RTSAL WAS REBORN HERE (-iN t-iBET) -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-
         mALE-hORSE (ME-PHO-RCA--1186 a.d.~. aT ThE AGE OF E-iGHT/
         HE MASTERED GRAMMAR AND ASTROLOGY/ WH-iCH HE WAS ABLE TO
         LEARN AFTER GLANC-iNG OVER ThE TEXT ONCE. aT ~HE AGE OF 13/
         HE DEVELOPED BOTh MENTALLY AND PHYS-iCALLY. aT ThE ASSEMBLY
         HELD BY gRA/ dOL AND G~Ung/ HE WAS NOTED FOR H-iS LOOKS. aT
         ThE AGE OF 14/ HE PREACHED ThE sUMMARY OF G~-i-LAM (A ~-i-
         BYED DOCTR-iNE) WH-iLE STAY-iNG -iMMURED. mONKS AND ASCET-iCS
         WERE ~siiED W-iTh FA-iTh/ AND ALL ShED TEARS. aT ThE AGE OF 15/
         HE STUD-iED UND~R RnAL-/BYOR SEng-GE AT /cHOS-CHAng-KHY-iM ThE
         s-iX tREAT-iSES OF ThE mADHYAMAKA (DBu-MA R-iGS-TShOGS DRUG).
         hE WAS ABLE TO CONTEND W-iTh ThE pREC-iOUS oNE -iR PH-iLOSOPH-i-
                                                                          p.956
         CAL DEBATES. aT ThE AGE OF 17/ HE MADE AN EXTENS-iVE SCUDY
         OF NUMEROUS GRAMMAT-iCAL SâƒSTRAS (OF ThE sANSKR-iT LANGUAGE)
         UNDER ThE âƒCâƒRYA ~Ang-STON DkON-MCHOG OF gRA-PHY-i RTA-LAM-
   (40A) PO. aT ThE AGE OF 20/ HE V-iS-iTED ThE SCHOLAR ~O-PAD AT kHA-
         RAG. w-iTh-iN TWO YEARS HE MASTERED ThE MdO/ ThE mAYA/
         AND ThE ~dOMA-iN OF ThE m-iND" (sEMS-PHYOGS). tHEN HE
         WENT ON A DEBAT-iNG TOUR ThROUGH GtSAN. aT BzAN-NE/U-KHA
         HE DEFEATED MANY SCHOLARS. oNE NALNED rU-MTShAMS-PA
         BsOD-R-iN/ WHO WAS LEARNED -iN ThE aBH-iDHARMA AND tANTRAS/
         AND WHO HAD BECOME ThE SP-iR-iTUAL BROThER (MCHED-GROGS) AT
         ThE RES-iDENCE OF sO-PA/ SA-iD (ABOUT H-iM)H ~-hE WAS OF AN
         ALERT M-iND/ BUT OFTEN CONTRAD-iCTED H-iS OWN WOTDS (iTAG-CHOD).
         hE REM-iNDED ME OF MY BROThER ThE KA~YANA-M-iTRA ~ES-TAB -iN
         ThE MANNER OF SPEECH." aFTER ~HAT HE CONDUCTED A DEBATE
         DUT-iNG ThE REL-iG-iOUS ASSEMBLY HELD AFTET ThE DEATh OF ThE
         KALYâƒNA-M-iTRA bRA-BO CHEN-PO. h-iS OPPONENT WAS ONE NAMED
         yAR-STON hRUL-MO (ThE ~rAGGED sCHOLA~" OF yAR-KLUL;S) WHOM
         ThE KALYAN. A-M-iTRA sHâƒK-BSAM ?ND OThETS WERE UNABLE TO DEFEAT.
         tHE SUBJECT OF ThE DEBATE WAS WHEThER ONE COULD HAPPEN ONCE
         -iNTELLECT NATURALLY. oN SEVERAL OCCAS-iONS HE DEFEATED H-iM/ AND
         H-iS FAME AS A SCHOLAR BECAME GREAT. hE BECAME KNOWN AS ThE
         ã¹ l-iON OF sPEECH"(SmRA-BA-I SEN-GE~. h-iS REAL NAME WAS BRtSON-
         'GRUS SEN-GE. aT ThE AGE OF 22/ HE WAS -iNSTALLED (CHE-/DON
         MDZAD-PA) AT SL~E-MDO. hE WAS ENTRUSTED W-iTh ThE BOOKS
         AND ThE REL-iG-iOUS CONCH (CHOS-DUN). bECAUSE HE D-iD NOT
         F-iN-iSh H-iS STUD-iES/ H-iS TWO BROThERS TOOK CHARGE OF ThE MONAS-
         TERY. aFTER ThAT HE WAS AGA-iN REQUESTED TO TAKE CHARGE OF
         ThE MONASTERY/ BUT HE D-iD NOT AGREE. tHE pREC-iOUS oNE
         ERECTED A TEMPLE AT S~E-MDO/ AND ~-iG-PO PROM-iSED H-iM TO
         L-iLL -iT W-iTh REL-iG-iOUS BOOKS. hE TOOK CHARGE OF ThE MONASTERY
         (GNAS-GZ-i) AND RECOLLECTED ThE GRACE OF H-iS TWO tEACHERS
         WH-iCH WAS MAN-iFESTED -iN (ThE-iR) wODDLY ACT-iONS AND -iN ThE
         hOLY dOCTR-iNE/ AND DUE TO WH-iCH -iT WAS NOT NECESSARY FOR
         H-iM TO LOOK FOR REL-iG-iOUS -iNSTRUCT-iON ELSEWHERE/ AND WH-iCH
         HELPED H-iM TO REAL-iZE H-iS m-iND ;O BE A bUDDHA. fOR ThE-iR
         SAKE HE PERFORMED MANY WORKS/ SUCH AS ThE PREACH-iNG OF
                                                                          p.957
         ThE dOCTR-iNE/ MED-iAT-iNG -iN D-iSPUTES/ ETC. sOME SAW
         H-iM AS A WORLDLY HUMAN BE-iNG. wHEN HE WAS 23/
         ~O-PAD OF kH~-RAG PASSED AWAY. iN ORDER TO CARRY OUT
         ThE W-iLL OF ThE DECEASED/ HE MAAE NUMEROUS PRESENTS (ON ThE
         OCCAS-iON OF ThE FUNERAL CEREMONY). aT ThE AGE OF 31/ HE
         PRACT-iSED ThE ã¹~f-iVE pATh" (LAM-LNA)/ AND PERCE-iVED ThE S-iGNS/
   (40B) OF PUR-iF-iCAT-iON OF DEF-iLMENT AS ThE cAUSE/ AND ThE S-iGNS OF
         ThE CONTROL OF ThE F-iVE K-iNDS OF w-iTAL bREATh (PRANA) AS ThE
         pATh/ AND ThE S-iGN OF PURE V-iS-iON AS ThE fRU-iT. hE PERCE-iVED
         ThESE S-iGNS AS D-iD H-iS PREV-iOUS tEACHERS. hE D-iD NOT D-iST-iN-
         GU-iSh BETWEEN DAY AND N-iGHT/ AND A WALL WAS NO H-iNDRANCE
         FOR H-iM. bES-iDES ThE REMOVAL OF DOUBTS CONCERN-iNG ThE
         MEAN-iNG (OF ThE TEACH-iNG~/ H-iS SP-iR-iTUAL EXPER-iENCE WAS CH~RAC-
         TER-iZED BY BEAUT-iTUDE AND LUC-iD-iTY/ WH-iCH ROSE -iN H-iM L-iKE A
         FLAME. hE DANCED ABOUT OBL-iV-iOUS OF ALL/ AND WAS UNABLE TO
         STOP TEARS OF JOY. aT ThE AGE OF 33/ HE MED-iTATED ON ThE
         ( mANJUSRL ~NâƒMASAngGâŒT-i/ AND HAD A V-iS-iON OF ThE '~AM-
         DBYANS iHA-BDUN (ThE SEVEN DE-iT-iES FOTM-iNG ThE RET-iNUE OT
         PAR-iVARA OF mANJUSRâŒ) -iNS-iDE ThE STALK OF A LOTUS TLOWER. aT
         ThE AGE OF 35" HE PROCEEDED TO lHA-SA TO CONVEY OF~ER-iNGS/
         AND SAW A L-iGHT S-iM-iLAR -iN ShARE TO ThE LOTUS (KU-MU-TA/ sKRT.
         KUMUDA) FLOWER/ EMANAT-iNG FROM ThE HEART OF aVALOK-iTESVARA
         WH-iCH AFTERWARDS D-iSAPPEARED ABOVE ThE CROWN OF H-iS HEAD.
         aT ThE AGE OF 38/ HE ACCOMPAN-iED dUS-GSUM MKHYEN-PA/ WHO
         WAS A RELAT-iVE OF ThE pREC-iOUS oNE. hE ALSO WENT -iN ThE
         RET-iNUE OF ;~-iG-PO WHEN TTLE LATTER CAME TO BsAM-YAS TO MAKE
         OFFER-iNGS. hE SAW A L-iGHT EMANAT-iNG FROM ThE HEART OF hAYA-
         GRâŒVA S-iM-iLAR -iN ShAPE TO A BROKEN P-iECE OF CORAL/ AND AFTER-
         WARDS AGA-iN D-iSAPPEAR-iNG -iNTO H-iS HEART. aT ThE AGE OF 40/
         HE PRACT-iSED -iMMUREMENT-AT S~E-MDO/ AND DUR-iNG ThAT T-iME
         SAW A RED L-iGHT S-iM-iLAR TO A CORAL WH-iCH ThEN TRANSFORMED
         -iTSELF -iNTO hAYAGRâŒVA/ ThE RED L-iGHT F-iLL-iNG ~AMS-SOD. tHE
         NE-iGH-iNG OF A HORSE WAS HEARD ThR-iCE/ AND ON ThE F-iRST OCCAS-iON
         -iT WAS HEARD ThROUGHOUT ThE FOUR D-iSTR-iCTS (RU) OF GtSAN AND
         DBuS. oN ThE NEXT TWO OCCAS-iONS -iT WAS HEARD EVEN BEYOND
         ThEM. hE SA-iDH ~1T WAS ThE S-iGN OF ThE COM-iNG OF FAME TO
                                                                          p.958
         ThE aLL-kNOW-iNG." aT ThE AGE OF 41/ HE WAS GU-iDED BY
         DAK-iNLS ON ThE WAY TO MkHAR-CHU. aT SmYOng-KHA-DGA/ OR
         MtShO hUM-SGRA-SGROGS-PA (tHE lAKE EM-iTT-iNG ThE SOUND
         hUM) HE PERFORMED PROP-iT-iAT-iONS OF yAng-DAG/ AND ThE REQU-i-
         S-iTES FOR ThE PROP-iT-iAT-iONS F-iLiED A VASE/ AND A ShOWER OF NECTAR
         FELL. aT ThE AGE OF 44/ HE HELD A TEL-iG-iOUS ASSEMBLY ON ThE
         OCCAS-iON OF ThE -iNSTALLAT-iON OF ThE aLL-kNOW-iNG. tHOSE WHO
         SAT -iN ThE ~ACK ROWS OF ThE CROWD WH-iCH F-iLLED ThE HALL OF
         PREACH-iNG/ COULD NOT HEAR ThE WORDS OF ThE KALYâƒNA-M-iTRA/
         BUT H-iS WORDS COULD BE HEARD BY ThOSE S-iTT-iNG -iN ThE BACK
         ROWS. aT ThE AGE OF 58/ HE CAME TO 'bR-i-KHUN AND V-iS-iTED
         ThE lORD SpYAN-SngA TO CONVEY PRESENTS hE SAW SpYAN-SNA
         AS mAH⃠BODH-i/ WHO SA-iDH ~pREV-iOUSLY YOUR M-iND HAD REACHED
         ThE STATE OF HEAVEN/ BUT NOW i ShALL CHANGE -iT -iNTO ThAT OF GREAT
         HEAVEN'/. hE BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE mAH⃠MUDRâƒ. tHEN A
         ThOUGHT CAME TO H-iM ThAT HE COULD NOT -iMPROVE FURThER
         H-iS UNDERSTAND-iNG OF NON-D-iFFERENT-iAT-iON E-iThER -iN ThE pAST/
   (41A) pRESENT OR fUTURE (MEAN-iNG ThAT HE HAD REACHED ThE H-iGHEST
         GOAL). aT ThE AGE OF 59/ ThE PERFORMED A FUNERAL R-iTE/ AND
         HAD A V-iS-iON OF yE-SES MGON-PO ~W-iTh A SM-iL-iNG FACE/' (yE-SES
         MGON-PO BZAD-PA-I ZAL-CAN/ A FORM OF mAH⃠KALA). tHEN AT
         ThE AGE OF 62/ HE PASSED AWAY ON ThE 8Th DAY OF ThE 1 1Th
         MONTh (MRGASâŒRA) OF ThE YEAR f-iRE-fEMALE-sHEEP (ME-MO-LUG--
         1247 a.d.) AM-iDST MANY EXTRAORD-iNARY S-iGNS. aFTER H-iS
         CREMAT-iON/ MANY REL-iCS WERE LEFT BEH-iND. lATER WHEN ThEY
         WERE OFFE~-iNG A WATER OBLUT-iON TO H-iS -iMAGE ERECTED AS wAJRA-
         SATNA/ ThE WATER BECAME F-iLLED W-iTh REL-iCS. wHEN ThEY
         G-iLDED ThE -iMAGE/ A ShOWER OF REL-iCS FELL L-iKE SNOW. tHUS
         ThE ThREE BROThERS/ WHO WERE S-iM-iLAR TO ThE r-i~;-GSUM MGON-PO/
         HAD NUMEROUS D-iSC-iPLES/ ON WHOM ThEY BESTOWED ThE sTREAM
         OF tEACH-iNG/ BUT ThE CH-iEF REPOS-iTOR-iES OF ThE fAM-iLY l-iNEAGE
         (GDUN-RGYUD) WERE /kHRUL-Z-iG r-iN-PO-CHE AND ThE aLL-kNOW-iNG
         oNE.
            nOW 'kHRUL-Z-iG r-iN-PO-CHEH h-iS FAThER Bd~GSEGS CHEN-
         PO ~ES-RAB-/OD AND H-iS MOThER/ A YOG-iNL OF MkHAR-CHU/ NAMED
         bYAng-CHUB-SGRON/ WHO HAD RECE-iVED A PROPHECY FROM ThE
                                                                          p.959
         jâƒK-iNLS. sNE WENT FROM MkHAR-CHU -iNTO ThE PRESENCE OF
         BdE-GSEGS CHEN-PO AND TOLD H-iM ABOUT ThE PROPHECY. hE
         AGREED/ AND AFTER HOLD-iNG A tANTR-iC FEAST (GANACAKRA)/ HE HAD
         -iNTERCOURSE W-iTh ThE YOG-iN-i. wHEN ShE BECAME PREGNANT/
         ShE SAW MANY HOLY V-iS-iONS/ AND ThE CH-iLD WAS BORN -iN
         ThE YEAR wATER-fEMALE-sHEEP (CHU-MO-LUG--1~23 a.d.).
         hE RECE-iVED ThE NAME OF dAR-MA SEN-GE. aT Th~ AGE
         OF F-iVE/ HE WAS ABLE TO REPEAT ThE RnAL-'BYOT MA-I MON-
         RTOGS AND ThE RnAL-'BYOR-GSUM (A SâƒDHANA OF wAJRAVARAHL)
         WH-iCH WERE CONSTANTLY REC-iTED BY H-iS MOThER. aT ThE AGE
         OF SEVEN/ HE MASTERED NUMEROUS R-iTES. iN ThE SAME YE~R HE
         WAS SENT TO SL~E-MDO -iNTO ThE PRESENCE OF BdE-GSEGS CHEN-PO.
         tHE MOThER ASKED ThE LATTER TO TEACH (ThE BOY) ThE cYCLE OF
         r-iTUAL (PHR-iN-LAS). BdE-GSEGS REPL-iEDH ~wHAT COULD HE DO
         NOW?" tHE BOY ThEN REC-iTED ALL ThAT HE HAD LEATNT BY HEART/
         AND FOR ThE F-iRST T-iME ThE FAThER WAS PLEASED W-iTh H-iS REC-iTA-
         T-iON AND READ-iNG. hE ThEN TAUGHT H-iM ThE R-iTE OF wAJRAKâŒLA.
         oN ONE OCCAS-iON/ WHEN ThE BOY WAS S-iTT-i~G ON ThE CORNER OF
         H-iS FAThER/S MAT/ HE ATE ThE REMA-iNS OF H-iS FAThER'S FOOD. h-iS
   (41B) STEP-MOThER BECAME ANGRY AND CAME TO ThRASh H-iM. hE RAN
         AWAY TOWARDS ThE EDGE OF SnE-/OG (N. OF PREC-iP-iCE). hE
         WAS CAUGHT/ AND ThE WOMAN WAS ABOUT TO ThROW H-iM OVER ThE
         PREC-iP-iCE/ WHEN ShE WAS PREVENTED FROM DO-iNG SO BY ThE
         âƒCâƒRYA lHAG-MThON/ WHO SENT ThE BOY TO /oD-MA. SmRA-BA/-i
         SEN-GE ThEN SA-iD TO H-iS W-iFEH ã¹~yOU ShOULDN'T DO SUCH
         Th-iNGS! hE ShOULD STUDY ! " BUT H-iS STE~MOThET D-iD NOT
         ALLOW H-iM TO STUDY/ AND SENT H-iM TO GRAZE HORSES AND
         CATTLE. wHEN HE WAS GAThER-iNG COWDUNG/ ThE ACARYA RtA'U-
         SGAN-PA BROKE H-iS BASKET -iNTO WH-iCH HE WAS GAThER-iNG
         COWDUNG. hE ThEN TOOK RHE BOY TO ThE STEP-MOThER/
         AND SA-iDH ã¹~tH-iS BOY -iS ThE SON O~ A SA-iNTLY TEACHER (S-iDDHA)/
         AND W-iLL BECOME ThE OBJECT OF WORSh-iP OF COUNTLESS D-iSC-iPLES.
         hOW -iS -iT POSS-iBLE TO MAKE H-iM DO Th-iS SORT OF MANUAL LABOUR?"
         tHUS ThE âƒCâƒRYA SCOL~ED ThE STEP-MOThER. s-iNCE H-iS CH-iLDHOOD
         HE UNDERSTOOD ALL ThE EiEMENTS OF pHENOMENAL eX-iSTENCE TO BE
         DREAMS AND -iLLUS-iONS.
                                                                          p.960
            hE D-iD NOT GET ATTACHED TO ANY ONE/ AND USED TO G-iVE AWAY
         FOOD AND CLOTh-iNG TO ALL WHO ASKED FOR -iT. tHOUGH H-iS M-iND
         WAS NOT ATTRACTED TO (OUTS-iDE) OBJECTS/ HE HAD A CONS~ANT FEEL-iNG
         OF WELL-BE-iNG/ AND ALL OUTS-iDE OBJECTS SEEMED UNTEAL To H-iM.
         nO~H-iNG WAS REAL TO H-iM/ AND BECAUSE OF Th-iS HE WAS G-iVEN ThE
         NAME OF /kHRUL-Z-iG/ OR ã¹~rEMOVER OF iLLUS-iONS/'. aT ThE AGE OF
         12/ sO-PA WAS -iNV-iTED/ AND HE OBTA-iNED ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON -iNTO ThE
         MdO cYCLE (MdO~BAN/ MdO -iS A SECT-iON OF R~-iN-MA tANTRAS).
         h-iS FAThER SA-iDH ~tO PRACT-iSE REL-iG-iON FROM -iNS-iDE ONE/S HEART/
         ONE MUST COMPLETE ThE REC-iTAT-iON O~ A MANTRA OF A TUTELARY
         DE-iTY/" AND BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON O~ ThE ã¹~UPPER"
         SECT-iON OF ThE wAJRAKâŒLA T-iTUAL (ThE R-iTES OF ThE WRAThFUL DE-iT-iES
         OF ThE R~-iN-MA-PA SCHOOL CONTA-iN TWO SECT-iONSH ThE StOD-LAS/
         OR "UPPER" R-iTES/ WH-iCH CONS-iST OF MED-iTAT-iONS AND OT~ER-iNG
         R-iTES (SGOM DAN MCHOD-PA /BUL-BA)/ AND ThE SmAD-LAS/ OR ThE
         ~lOWER" R-iTES WH-iCH CONS-iSTS OF MAG-iC PRACT-iCES). a~TER
         HAV-iNG GAThERED ALL REQU-iS-iTES FOR PROP-iT-iAT-iONS/ H-iS FAThER MADE
         H-iM PERFORM PROP-iT-iAT-iON R-iTES. tHE FAThER PLACED ThREE P-iLLS
         -iNTO A VESSEL -iN ORDER TO EXAM-iNE ThE OMENS OF ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON
         R-iTE. (aFTER EXAM-iN-iNG ThE OMENS) HE FOUND ThAT ThE ThREE
         P-iLLS HAD BECOME N-iNE/ WH-iCH -iND-iCATED LONGEV-iTY (FOR H-iS SON).
         tHE FAThEL ThEN TOLD H-iM TO LABOUR FOR ThE WELFARE OF OThERS/ AND
         ThAT TO DO SO ONE HAD F-iRST TO WORK FOR ONE/S OWN BENEF-iT. hE
         TR-iED HARD TO REC-iTE ThE MANTRA OF wAJRAKâŒLA/ AND OBSERVED
         EXTRAORD-iNARY S-iGNS. hE ThEN STUD-iED EXTENS-iVELY ThE SYSUM
         OF wAJRAK~LA AND ThE R-iTUAL DESCR-iB-iNG ThE USE OF A PO-iSONED
         MAG-iC BLACK DAGGER. aT ThE AGE OF 15/ HE OBTA-iNED AT ~HHAN-
         KHY-iM OF ~HOS ThE aBH-iSAMAY~LAMKARA/ ThE SYSTEM OF RmA/
         ETC. ~ROM ThE KALYANA-M-iTRA kUN-DGA' AND ThE S-iDDHA SpY-i-DE-
         BA. aT ThE AGE OF 17/ HE STUD-iED W-iTh GREAT ASS-iDU-i~ ThE
         DgONS-'DUS(ThE BlA-MA DgONS-'DUS/ A TREAT-iSE BELONG-iNG TO
         ThE R~-iN-MA SCHOOL). fURThER/ H-iS (~AThER) BdE-GSEGS CHEN-PO
         BESTOWCD ON H-iM ThE EXPOS-iT-iON O~ ThE COMPLETE DOCTR-iNES
         POSSESSED BY H-iM. wHEN ThEY BROUGHT ~O-/BUM/ HE EXCLA-iM-
         EDH '~i DON'T NEED A W-iFE !" AND TURNED AWAY. h-iS FAThER
   (42A) SA-iDH ã¹~yOU W-iLL NEED A FEMALE ASS-iSTANT (R-iG-MA) ENDOWED
                                                                          p.961
         W-iTh (PROPER) S-iGNS FOR ThE PRACT-iCE OF RHE mAH⃠YAN-iC tANTRAS!
         tH-iS G-iRL POSSESSES ThE REQU-iRED S-iGNS./' MEL~ AGA-iN ThE G-iRL
         WAS BROUGHT -iN. hE ThEN OBTA-iNED ThE COMPLETE cYCLE OF
         ThE ~-i-BYED SYSTEM AND A SUDDEN EXPER-iENCE WAS PRODUCED -iN
         H-iM. aT ThE AGE OF 21/ HE WAS G-iVEN ThE TEACH-iNG OF ALL ThE
         ThREE l-iNEAGES OF ThE ~-i-BYED SYSTEM/ ThE ã¹-eARLY"/ ThE
         "lATER" AND ThE "iNTERMED-iATE" ONES/ PASSESSED BY BdE-GSEGS
         CHEN-PO H-iMSELF. wH-iLE PERFORM-iN~ ThE PROP-iT-iAT-iONS
         (BSNEN-PA/ SEVA)/ HE OBSERVED ALL ThE S-iGNS OF ThE gUSE. pATh
         AND eFFECT. tHEN ThE FAThET TOLD H-iMH ~gO TO ThE HERM-iTAGE
         AND MAKE ThE REQUEST FOR ThE COMPLETE SET OF DOCRR-iNES OF ~-iG-
         PO." wHEN HE CAME TO 7-iG-PO/ ThE LATTER SA-iD TO H-iMH ~1 CAN
         ENTTUST MY dOCTR-iNE TO Th-iS ONE ! tH-iS ONE -iS CAPABLE OF BE-
         COM-iNG A mASTER OF ThE dOCTR-iNE ! dEATh -iS A POSS-iB-iL-iTY (L-iT.
         M-i-RES BUS-MOLA /BAB-PA/ ~'A MAN MAY BECOME A KNEE-BONE/"
         -i.E. HE MAY D-iE). wE MUST DO -iT TO-N-iGHT!-I hE BESTOWED ON
         H-iM ThE COMPLETE TEACH-iNGS OF ThE ThREE/ ThE "eARLY" ThE
         "lATET" AND ThE '~LNTERMED-iATE" l-iNEAGES/ AND PR-iNC-iPALLY TBE
         ã¹-lATER" l-iNEAGE. dUR-iNG H-iS -iN-iT-iAT-iON -iNTO ThH MANDALA OF ThE
         BdE-MCHOG NAM-MKHA/ DAN MNAM-PA (~N-sAMVARAKHASAMA-
         TANTRA-RAJA NAMA/ kG. RgYUD-/BUM/ nO. 415)/ AN EXTRAORD-iNARY
         FA-iTh WAS PRO~UCED -iN H-iM/ -iN WH-iCH HE D-iD NOT D-iFFERENT-iATE
         BETWEEN ThC tEACHER AND ThE PR-iNC-iPAL DE-iTY (OF ThE MANDALA).
         tHE tEACHER T~NSFORMED H-iMSELc -iNTO A BODY OF L-iGHT AND H-iS
         NL-iND/ REAL-iZ-iNG ThE NATURE OF NON-SUBSTANT-iAL-iTY AND MATTER
         (SNAN-BA) BECAME BL-iSSFUL/ LUC-iD AND FREE FROM CONSTRUCT-iVE
         ThOUGHTS. tHEN ThE tEACHET LED H-iM -iNTO ThE '~hOUSE OF AUS-
         P-iC-iOUS S-iGNS'/ (RtEN-/BREL-GY-i KHAH-PA/ A tANTR-iC R-iTE)/ AND EN-
         TRUSTED TO H-iM ThE sP-iR-iTUAL l-iNEAGE. aT ThE AGE OF 22/ AT ThE
         T-iME OF ThE DEATh OF BdE-GSEGS CHEN-PO/ HE FELT A STRONG SAD-
         NESS/ AND ThE LATTER SA-i~ yOU MUSTN/T GR-iEVE AT ThE DEATh OF
         ThE yOG-iN. tHOUGL~ YOU D-iDN/T TRA-iN YOUR M-iND
         -iN ThE METhOD OF lOG-iC TRtOG-GE/-i F-iGS-PA)/ YOU ARE
         ENDOWED W-iTh ThE AB-iL-iTY FOR -iNNER -iNVEST-iGAT-iONS.
            tHEREFORE PRACT-iSE ASS-iDUOUSLY MENTAL CONCENRRAT-iON
         AND GREAT BENEF-iT FOR L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS W-iLL AR-iSE." oN ThE DAY
                                                                          p.962
         OF D~C FUNCRAL/ ThO-LGH OPPTESSED BY STRONG GT-iEF/ HE SAW AN
         EXTRAOTD-iNARY D~EAM DUT-iNG ThE N-iGHT. fOLLOW-iNG -iT/ DUR-iNG
         ThE ACRNANON R-iTES/ AN -iMAGE Oe aVALOK-iTESVARA AND ThE HEART
         (OF ThE tEACHER) LETT UNBURNT/ WERE RECOVERED BY H-iM.
         tHEY WERC SNATCHED AWAY BY H-iS STC~MOThER/ BUT HE D-iD NOT
         FCCL HURT. bECAUSE O~ PERS-iSTENT TALK BY ThE dHARMASVAM-iN
         ~-iG-PO ThAT HE WAS TO D-iE SOON/ HE JOUTNEYED TO /bR-i-KHUR;
         TO CONVEY N~MERgUS PRESNTS/ WH-iCH -iNCLUDED A StON-DNU-
   (42B) 'ThUL TURQUO-iSE AND SEVEN HORSES. oN H-iS RETUTN HC ERECTED A
         TOMB. bEFORC HE HAD F-iN-iShED -iT/ S~E-MDO-BA ALSO PASSED
         AWAY. aT ThE AGE OF 26/ HE SUCCEEDED -iN F-iN-iSh-iNG ThE
         TOMBS. hE ThEN SENT rAS/PA RdO~E-DPAL TO iND-iA AND
         nEPAL (lHO-BAL) TO MAKE A GOLjCN PARASOL AND A GANJ/RA.
         ~FTER COMPLET-iNG ThC WORK/ HE SENT -iT/ AND H-iMSELF PROCEEDED
         TO oDD-iYANA (ij-RGYAN) AND BCCAME KNOWN AS u-RGYAN RAS-PA.
         aT ThE AGC OF 29/ HE SERCLED AT TtSE-BA-SGAN AND LOOKED AFTCR
         NUMEROUS D-iSC-iPLES/ WHO -iNCLUDED/ tHAN DBuS/PA AND OThERS.
         tHE tEACHER ~ND ThE -iNMATES OF ThE ThREE MONASTER-iES (DGON-
         SKOR~SUM) HELD FREQUENT CONSULUT-iONS. iN ThE END/ ThEY
         DEC-iDCD ThAT 'kHRUL-~-iG-PO WAS TO BECOME ABBOT. S~;LE-MDO/
         ThE aLL-kNOW-iNG TOLD H-iMH ~yOU ShOULD STAY -iN A HERM-iTAGE
         AND SPREAD ThE mED-iTAT-iVE l-iNEAGE (SGRNaH-BRGYUD). wHEREAS
         i ShALL STAY A~ S~';LE-MDO AAD SPREAD ThE l-iNEAGE OF pTEACH-iNG
         (BSAD-BRGYUD)." bUT ThE MONKS Oe RtSE-SGAN AND ThE LAY-
         SUPPORTERS D-iD NOT APPROVE OF Th-iS ARRANGEMENT. tHE ALMS-
         G-iVERS BROUGHT PRESENTS TO H-iM AND WHEN ThE-iR SPOKESMAN
         ADDRESSED H-iM/ HE SA-iD -iNSTEAD OF ã¹~pLEASE DON'T GO!/" "pLEASE
         GO!"/ AND ALL LAUGHED (AT H-iS M-iSTAKE). hE EXCLA-iMEDH
         ã¹~tH-iS -iS AN AUSP-iC-iOUS OMEN!" aT ThE AGE OF 30/ HE SETTLED
         -iN ThE HERM-iTAGC AND OCCUP-iED ThE ABBOT'S CHA-iR aT ThE
         AGE OF 31/ ThE TWO SA-iNTLY SCHOLARS PROCECDED TO yAR-KLU~TS TO
         MEET ThE PAND-iTA dANASh~ wHEN ThEY WERE PERFO~M-iNG ThE
         HOMA O~ER-iNG/ ThEY OBSERVED ThAT ThE F-iERY S-iGNS WERE SOME-
         WHAT UNFAVOURABLE. tHE PAND-iTA SA-iDH /-tH-iS WON'T HARM
         YOU!" oN Th-iS OCCAS-iON (DE-RES) HE OBU-iNED FROM dAM-PA-
         /~AR AT tHAN ThE c-iTTOTPADA R-iTE (tHUGS-BSKYED CHEN-MO) AND
                                                                          p.963
         Th~ LESS~T PTECEPTS OF OBSERV-iNG MORAL-iTY (BSRUN-SDOM-CHUN).
         aT ThE AGE OF 32/ HE CAME TO /bR-i-KHUN AND RCCC-iVED ORD-iT~A-
         T-iON -iN ThE PRESENCS O~ SpYAN SNA AND lHA DkON-MCHOG-/PHEL.
         hE MADE NUMEROUS PTESENTS. h~ BESTOWED ON ThEM ThE
         COMPLETE A~POS-iT-iON OF ThE dOCTR-iNE. i)UR-iNG ThE SAME YEAR
         HE MADE TBEM ENTER ThE ã¹~aUSP-iC-iOUS hOUSE" (RtEN-'GREL
         KHAng-PA) WHETE ThEY OBTA-iN~D ThE COMPLETE GU-iDANCE AND
         -iN-iT-iABON OF ThE f-iV~ pAThS (lAM-LNA). aT ThE AGE OF 41/ HE
         JOURNEYED TO StOD-LUNS AND MkBAR-CHU/ AND LABOUR~D FOR ThE
         WELFARE OF OEHCRS. tHOSE ENDOWED W-iTh CLA-iRVOYANCE SAW
         H-iM AS dAM-PA (sAngS-RGYAS). aT ThE AGE OF 42/ HE PROCEEDED
         TO pHAG-MO-GRU TO CONVEY PRESENTS. RgYAL-BA r-iN-PO-CHE
         WAS PLEASED/ AND EVEN RETURNED H-iS SALUTAT-iON. hE OBTA-iNED
         A DETA-iLED EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE dOCTR-iNE/ AND RECE-iVED NUMEROUS
         PRESENTS. aT ThE ~GE OF 43/ HE SAT-iATED W-iTh PR~CEPTS ThE
         S-iDDHA mE-LON RDO RJE (mE-LOng RD~RJE/ A FAMOUS R~L-iN-MA
         S-iDDHA/ B. 1242 a.d./ D-iED -iN 1303 a.d. ACCORD-iNG TO sUMT
         PA MKHON-PO/ jasb/ (1889)/ n.2/ P.S7)/ AND OThERS. aT ThE
         AGE O~ 44/ HE -iNV-iTED H-iS OWN SON ~ SADHAKA (SGRU~PA-PO)
         FROM pHAG-M~GRU/ AND APPO-iNTED H-iM AS ABBOT OF ThE HERM-i-
         TAGE. aT ThE AGE OF 45/ HE PROCEED~D TO G~AL TO CONSECRATE
         ThE -iMAGE OF RdZA-DMAR-BA. oN TOUTE AND -i~ ThE V-iC-iN-iTY
         OF G~L HE APPEASED D-iSEASES AND QUARRELS. dUR-iNG ThAT YEAR
         SpYAN-SngA D~ALCHEN WAS APPO-iNTED BY ThE aLL-kNOW-iNG oNE
         (SL~E-MD~A) TO TBE CHA-iR OF RtSE-SGAN. wHEN HE WAS 48/
         dUS-GSUM MKHYEN-PA WAS SENT TO lH~BRAG. wHEN HE WAS
         49/ SpYAN-SNA 'tShAL-PA WAS APPO-iNTED TO ThE HERM-iTAGE. fROM
         ThE AGE OF 5R/ FOR 31 YEARS HE PRACT-iSED SOLELY MED-iTAT-iON
         AT zUR-STOD. hE PASSED AWAY AT ThE AGE OF 81 -iN ThE YEAR
         wATER-fEMALE hARE (CHU-M~YOS--1303 a.d.). hE WAS
         REBORN FROM A LOTUS FLOWER -iN sUKHâƒVATâŒ/ AND BECAME KNOWN
         AS Th~ bODH-iSATT~A RdO-RJE M-i-ZAD-PA (wAJRâƒKSAYA). aLL ThE
         REL-iCS LEFT BEH-iND AFTER ThE CREMAT-iON/ WERE PLACED -iNS-iDE AN
         -iMAGE (NAN-RTEN).
            tHE ELDEST OF H-iS F-iVE SONS/ ThE SADHAKA (SGRU~PA-PO) sANS-
         RGYAS R-iN-CHEN (L-iVED) BETWE~N ThE YEAR wOOD-SCRPENT
                                                                          p.964
         (S-ing-SBR~ 745 a d.) AND ThE YEAR wATCR-L-iGER (CHU-
         STAG--1302 a.d~. hE D-iED AT ThE AGE OF 78. tHE SECOND
         SON SpYAN-SNA Dp~L-CL~EN L-iV~D BETWEEN ThE YEAR f-iRE-sHEEP
         (ME-LUG--1 247 a d ) AND ThE YEAR wOOD-oX (Sh-iN-GLAng--1325
         a d.)/ FOR 79 YEARS. tHE Th-iRD SON dUS-GSUM MKHYEN-PA L-i~ED
         FOR 71 YEARS/ BETWEEN ThE YEAR wATER-mOUSE (CHU-BY-i--1~5~
         a.d.~ AND ThE YEAR wATER-dOG (CHU-L~HY~-i--1322 a/d.). tHE
         FOURTh SON SpYAN-SngA /tShAL-PA sHAKYA RGYAL-MTShAN L-iVED FOR
         73 YEARS/ BETWEEN ThE YEAR eARTh-hORSE (SA-RTA--1258 a.d.
         AND ThE YEAR iRON-hORSE (iCAGS-RTA--1330 a.d.). tHE F-iFTh
         (SON) ThE MAHâƒ-UPâƒDHYâƒYA tShUL-KHR-iMS RGYAL-MTShAN i-iVED
         FOT 75 YEARS/ BETWEEN ThE YEAR ~HARTh-sERPENT (SA-SBRUL--1269
         a.d.) AND ThE YEAR wATER-sHEEP (CHU LUG--1343 a.d.).
            nOW dUS-GSUM MKHYEN-PAH hE WAS BOTN AS SON OF
         /kHRUL-~-iG-PA AND LADY /bUM-RGYAN. hE WAS ORDA-iNED BY
         ThE UPâƒDHYAYA OF zUL-PHU NAMED bYAng nA-BZA' 'PHRED-GSOL.
         hE BECAME A D-iSC-iPLE OF ThE YOUNGER BROThER OF 'bR-i-KHUng-PA.
         a YOG-iC -iNS-iGHT WAS PRODUCCD -iN H-iM. hE OBTA-iNED MANY
         DOCTR-iNES/ AND RECE-iVED ThE F-iNAL ~R.ONAST-iC ORD-iNAT-iON FROLN ThE
         UPâƒDHYAYA m-i-NAG AND ThE âƒCâƒRYA yON-T~N-'OD. Gc~Lng ('bR-i-
         KHUng-PA) PRESENTED H-iM W-iTh H-iS OWN VESTMENTS AND SENT H-iM
         ~WAY. hE OBTA-iNED ThE dOCTR-iNE FROM H-iS FAThER W-iTh GtSAng
         bRAG-NAG-PA. tOGEThER Th~Y L-iSTCNED TO (ThE EXPOS-iT-iON) OF ThE
         COMPLETE cYCLE OF ThE ~lATER" l-iNEAGE AND OF NUMEROUS
         cYCLES BELONG-iNG TO ThE R~-ing-MA (tANTRAS~. hE ALSO OBTA-iNED
         NUMEROUS DOCTR-iNES FROM ThE ELDER BROThER/ ThE SâƒDHAKA. hE
         ALSO GA-iNED MOST OF ThE SC-iENCE OF S~E-MDO-BA/ ThE aLL-kNO~V-
         -iNG. fROM ThE AGE OF 34 T-iLL ThE AGE OF 43/ HE PRACT-iSED
         EXCLUS-iVELY MED-iTAT-iON AT ThE MONASTERY OF lHO-BRA~ StEngS-
         CHEN-PO. aT ThE AGE OF 50/ HE ERECTED ThE TOMBS OF ThE
         pREC-iOUS 'kHRUL-~-iG-PA AND OF ThE sADHAKA AFTER ThE-iR PASS-iNG/
         AND OCCUP-iED ThE ABBOT'S CHA-iR. hE LOOKED A~TER NUMEROUS
         D-iSC-iPLES. tHE ThREE SON~ OF DpYAN-SngA DpAi-CHENaH tHE F-iRST
         (WAS) Sp~AN-SngA kUN-RGYAL (WHO L-iVED FOR) 35 YEARS/ BETWEEN
         ThE YEAR eARTh-sETPENT (SA-SBRUL--1269 a d.) AND ThE YEAR
         wATER-hARE (CHU-YOS--1303 a.d.~. tHE SECOND (SON) yON-
                                                                          p.965
         TA~ RGYAL-MTShAN (L-iVED FOR) 54 YEARS/ BETWEEN ThE iRON-hORSE
         (iCAGS-RTA--i z70 a.d.) AND ThE YEAR wATER-hOG (CHU-PHAG--
         1323 a.d.). tHE YOUNGEST SON dR-iN-CAN-PA (L-iVED FOT) 63
         YEARS/ BETWEEN ThE YEAR wATER-b-iRD (CHU-BYA--1273 a d.)
         AND ThE YEAR wOOD-hOG (Sh-ing-PHAG--1335 a.d.). /tShAL-PA/S
         SON ThE GREAT ASCET-iC (BYA-BRAL CHEN-PO) kUN-DGA' RGYAL-MTShAN
         (i-iVED FOR) 76 YEARS/ BETWEEN ThE YEAR eARTh-hOG (SA-PHAG--
         1293 a.d.) AND ThE YEAR wOOD-t-iGER (Sh-iR;-STAG--1374 a.d.).
         dR-iN-CAN-PA/S EiDEST SON--ThE HERM-iT (R-i-KHROD-PA) yE-SES
         BZAng-PO (L-iVED FOR) 42 YEARS/ BETWEEN ThE YEAR iRON-mOUSE
         (iCAGS-BY-i--1300 a.d.) AND ThE YEAR iRON-sERPENT (iCAGS-
         SBRUL--1341 a.d.). tHE YOUNGEST GtSUG-RGYAN y-iD-BZ-iN
         NOR-BU kUN-DGA' iHUN-GRUB (L-iVED FOR) 72 YEARS/ BETWCEN ThE
         YEAR wATER-oX (CHU-GLAng--1313 a.d.) AND ThE YEAR wOOD-
         mOUS~ (S-ing-BY-i--1384 a.d.). h-iS EiDEST SON MkHAS-BTSUN
         dON-GRUB RGYAL-MTShAN (L-iVED FOR) 4~ YEARS/ AND WAS BORN -iN
         Ti/E YEAR OF ThE oX (GLAng-LO--1337 a.d.). tHE YOUNGEST
         .~N r-iN-PO-CHE cHOS-RGYAL-BAH HE WAS BORN AT RtSE-SGAN Jd
         ThE YEAR iRON-mAiE-dRAGON (iCAGS-PHO-/BRUG--1340 a.d.).
         fRONL CH-iLDHOOD HE WAS CHARACTER-iZED BY BR-iGHTER FACULT-iES
         ThAN OThERS. hE RECOLLECTED ThE WORK HE HAD PERFORMED (-iN
         H-iS FORMER L-iVES)/ AND MAN-iFESTED A GREAT POWER OF M-iND.
         w-iThOUT PAY-iNG ATTENT-iON TO D-iFF-iCULT-iES/ HE BECAME ONE
         POSSESSED OF ALL (BRANCHES) OF KNOWLEDGE. fROM ThE AGE OF 8/
         HE LMASTERED W-iThOUT D-iFF-iCULTY (REL-iG-iOUS) DANCES/ R-iTES (PHR-iN-
         SGRUB)/ ASTROLOGY (iND-iAN TRAD-iT-iON)/ AND OThER BRANCHES OF
         (KNOWLEDGE). fROM ThE AGE OF G/ HE MASTERED BY HEART ThE
         gUHYAGARBHA-tANTRA (GsAng-SN-ing) AND ThE cYCLE OF (wAJRA)KâŒLA
         (kG.RgYUD-'BUM/ nO. 832). hE ALSO LEARNED BY HEART ThE
         (ABOVE) tANTRA/ -iTS SUBD-iV-iS-iONS (SA-GZUN)/ -iTS COMMENTARY AND
         SUMMARY (KHOG-DBUB)/ TOGEThER W-iTh NOTES (MCHAN) ON -iT AND
         VERBAL COMMENTAR-iES ~GSUng-SGROS). aT ThE AGE OF 12/ HE
         BECAME ABBOT. hE USED TO PREACH W-iThOUT -iNTERVAL ThROUGH
         OUT ThE SUMMER AND W-iNTER SEMCSTRES (DBYAR-CHOS AND DGUN-
         CHOS). hE STUD-iED ASS-iDUOUSLY W-iTh H-iS FAThER ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iONS/
         EXPOS-iT-iONS AND PRECEPTS OF ThE ThREE l-iNEAGES OF ThE ~-i-BYED
                                                                          p.966
         SYSTELRL/ ThE "eARLY" ThE "lATER" AND ThE "iNTERMED-iATE/"
         TOGEThER W-iTh ThE-iR PERM-iSS-iONS (LUng). hE AiSO STUD-iED
         EXTENS-iVELY ThE "oLD" AND "nEW" tANTRAS/ AND PREACHED
         FROM MEMORY ThE LARGE TEXTS. wHEN A BR-iDC WAS BROUGHT (44~)
         TO H-iM) AFTER CONSULTAT-iON BETWEEN A11 (H-iS RELAT-iVES)/ HE ~E1T
         AFFL-iCTED/ AND -iN COMPHLNY W-iTh ThREE D-iSC-iPLES/ FOUR -iN ALL/
         ED AWAY/ HAV-iNG HEARD OF ThE FAME OF SkYES-MCHOG r-iN-PO-
         CHE. hE MET SkYES-MCHOG-PA/ WHO WAS RES-iD-iNG AT RgYA-
         BRAG/ AND AN EXTRAORD-iNARY FA-iTh WAS BORN -iN H-iM AS SOON AS
         HE HAD SEEN ThE tEACHER/S FACE. ~'fROM WHERE D-iD YOU
         COME?" -iNQU-iRED SkYES-MCHOG-PA. hE REPL-iEDH ~fROM ThE
         HERM-iTA~E OF gRA'/. ~o ! yOU ARE ThE NEPHEW OF ~-iG-PO
         r-iN-PO-CHE"/ SAYLNG SO HE JO-iNED ThE PALMS OF H-iS HANDS BEFORE
         H-iS CHEST. ~tAKE FROM Th-iS HOUSE WHATEVER YOU NEED/" SA-iD
         ThE tEACHER. hE FELT VERY PLEASED. hE ThEN L-iSTENED TO (ThE
         EXPOS-iT-iON) OF ThE MED-iTAT-iON OF ThE l-iNEAGE OF ThE mEAN-iNG/
         AND ATTENDED LECTURES (TShOGS-CHOS). aFTET TWO OR ThREE
         MONThS HE WAS ASKED TO TETURN/ AND CAME BACK. tHEN HE
         OBTA-iNED FROM H-iS FAThER ALL ThE SECRET PRECEPTS -iN ThE MANNER
         OF A VASE F-iLLED TO ThE BR-iM. fROM ThE ~gREAT hERM-iT'' (bYA-
         BRAL CHEN-PO) HE~OBTA-iNED ThE pHYAG-BZES (METhOD) OF 'kHRUL-
         ~-iG-PA/ ThE cYC~ .OF DOCTR-iNES OF ThE dAGS-PO BkA/-BRGYUD/
         ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON -iNTO ThE wAJRAMâƒLA/ AND OThER TEXTS/ WH-iCH WERE
         NOT FOUND AT RtHE-SGAng. hE ALSO OBTA-iNED FROM ThE GURU a-MO-
         GHA-PA NUMEROUS -iN-iT-iAT-iONS OF ThE "nEW" tANTRAS AND MAR/Y
         PERM-iSS-iONS (iUng) FROM GtSAN-PA lUng-MAng-PO/ BEG-iNN-iNG W-iTh
         ThOSE OF ThE BkA'-'GYUR. tHEN AT ThE AGE OF 18/ HE PROCEEDED
         TO SmAN-C-iG AND PROP-iT-iATED pHYAG-RDOR BdE-KHROS. aFTER
         ThAT HE WORSh-iPPED MANY TUTELARY DE-iT-iES OF ThE '~nEW" AND
         ~oiD" tANTRAS. hE PRACT-iSED ThE METhCD OF RmA WH-iCH
         BELONGED TO ThE "iNTERMED-iATE l-iNEAGE" (OF ThE ~-i-BYED)/ AND
         AN UNDERSTAND-iNG OF ThE mAH⃠MUDR⃠WAS PRODUCED -iN H-iN~.
         aFTER ThAT/ FOR TWO YEARS HE PERFORMED ThE PTOP-iT-iAT-iON OF ThE
         lAM-LNA ("ThE f-iVE pAThS")/ AND OBSERVED MANY EXTRAORD-iNARY
         S-iGNS. tHEN FOR ONE YEAR HE PRACT-iSED ThE MED-iTAT-iON OF ThE
         "tHREE pAThS" (LAM-GSUM/ BELONGS TO ThE ~ BYED). aBOUT
                                                                          p.967
         ThAT T-iME/ WHEN MED-iTAT-iNG AT dAWN/ HE HAD A ~-iS-iON OF
         ThE gURU OF ThE l-iNEAGE (RTEN-RGYAS BSKYED) ON WHOSE
         -iMAGES HE HAD CONCENTRATED ASS-iDUOUSLY. h-iS FA-iTh ThEN -iN-
         CREASED -iN POWER/ AND AS SOON AS HE HAD PRAYED EARNES~Y/
         MANY DOORS OF MYST-iC TTANCE WERE OPENED (BEFORE H-iM). fOR
         S-iX MONThS HE PRACT-iSED ThE SADHANA OF DbAN-GC-iG-MA/ AND
         SAW -iN A DREAM H-iS BODY TRANSFORMED -iNTO A LUM-iNOUS ~ORM/
   (44B) AND ThEN ABSORBED -iNTO ThE HEART OF ThE tEACHER. hE PRAC-
         T-iSED OCCAS-iONALLY ThE (METhOD) O~ ThE "eARLY" l-iNEAGE/ AS
         WELL AS ThE METhOD OF sO. tHUS HE HO-iSTED ThE BANNER OF
         MED-iTAT-iVE ASCET-iCS. tHE sUN OF YOG-iC -iNS-iGHT ShONC -iNS-iDE
         H-iM/ AND ThE DARKNESS OF iGNORANCE VAN-iShED. tHEN ThE
         FETTERS O~ ThE D-iF~ERENT-iAT-iON -iNTO SUBJECT AND OBJECT (GZUN-
         'DZ-iN) FELL OTe/ AND H-iS POWER OF LOVE AND COMM-iSERATLON -iN-
         CREASED. hE DEVELOPED ThE FACULTY OF FA-iTh (DAD-PA/-i DBAN-PO)
         -iN ALL ThE DEVOTEES (H-iS D-iSC-iPLES). hE ThUS TOOK H-iS PLACE
         AMONG H-iS PTEDECESSORS (-iN ThE l-iNEAGE). âœVEN ThE DA-iLY
         LABOURS OF Th-iS GREAT MAN/ COULD NOT BE GRASPED BY M-iND.
         aT dAWN HE USED TO BEG-iN (W-iTh ThE REC-iTAT-iON) O~ ThE rE~UGE
         FORMULA (SKYABS-'GRO) AND ThE c-iTTOTPADA (SEMS-BSKYED)/ AND
         MED-iTATED ON ThE ~f-iVE pAThS'/ (LAM-LNA) T-iLL DAY-BREAK. tHEN
         KE REC-iTED ThE MANTRAS OF RtShE-SGRUB (ThE MAR.TRA O~ aM-i-
         TABHA)/ ThE RnAM-'~OMS (ThE MANTRA OF wAJRADHARA)/ ThE SmE-
         BRTSEGS (kUNDAL-i; ThE F-iRST -iNSURE-i LONGEV-iY/ ThE SECOND--
         REMOVES DEF-iLEMENTS/ ThE Th-iRD--PUR-iF-iES ThE BODY). aFTER
         ThAT HE USED TO ARRANGE OT~ER-iNGS (MCHOD-PA)/ REC-iTE PRA-iSE/
         PRAYERS/ OFFER CONFESS-iON (RGYUN-BSAGS)/ AND OF~ER A GTOR-MA
         MADE OF WH-i~E BUTTER (DKAR GTOR)/ ETC. aFTER F-iN-iSh-iNG H-iS
         MORN-iNG TEA/ HE REC-iTED ThE pRAJNAPâƒRAM-iTA (MDO-SGRUB) AND
         PREPARED MANY K-iNDS OF GTOR-MA OF~ER-iNGS. tHEN HE REC-iTED
         ThE PRAYER OF ThE l-iNEAGE CALLED dUS-GSUM-~A/ AND RET-iRED
         ~OR B-iS MORN-iNG MED-iTAT-iON.
            aFTER F-iN-iSh-iNG H-iS M-iD-DAY MEAL/ HE REC-iTED ThE nA-
         RAK dON-SPRUGS (NAME OF A R~-iN-MA R-iTE/ WELLKNOWN -iN
         ~-i-iKK-iM)/ AND ThE DHâƒRANi O~ GzA'-YUM (rAHULA AND H-iS SAKT-i).
         aFTER ThAT HE RET-iRED FOR ThE EVEN-iNG MED-iTAT-iON. iN ThE
                                                                          p.968
         EVEN-iNG HE REC-iTED 2 i T-iMES ThE STO~A OF ThE tARA. aT DUSK
         HE PERFORMED A HUNDTED PROSTRAT-iON/ ThE sEVEN BRANCHES (yAN-
         LAG BDUN-PA)/ MADE A GENERAL COLLKSS-iON (SPY-i-BSAGS)/ AND MADE
         OF~ER-iNGS TO ThE rEL-iG-iOUS pROTECTOR. a~TER -iT GOT DARK/ HE
         REC-iTED ThE nAM-MKHA' SG~'BYED (NAME O~ A GL~OD CEREMONY)/
         AND OF~ERED GTOT-M~S TO SkYED~BUNS (NAME OF A DE-iTY). hE
         ALSO CONSTANTLY MED-iTATED DUR-iNG ThE DAY ACCORD-iNG T~ ThE
         METhOD O~ SkAM AND ThE SpYOD-YUL (G~HOD). sUCH WERE H-iS
         USUAL -DA-iLY LABOURS. iN ThE ABOVE MANNER HE PRACT-iSED
         EXCLUS-iVELY MED-iTAT-iON/ AND OBSERVED MANY EXTRAOTD-iNARY S-iGNS.
         oNE N-iGHT/ WHEN HE WAS PERFORM-iNG ThE SkONS-BRGYA-RTSA
         (A HUNDRED O~ER-iNGS)/ HE SAW -iN A DREAM ThAT MUCH PUSS AND
         BLOOD HAD COME OUT FROM H-iS BODY/ AND ThAT H-iS hESh BECAME
         EMAC-iATED. tHEN HE SAW H-iS L~ESh DETACHED FROM ThE BONES
         WH-iCH ASSUMED A GREY-iSh COLOUR. dUR-iNG H-iS PROP-iT-iAT-iON OF
         BdE-KHROS/ (HE SAW) H-iMSELF S-iTT-iNG ON (ThE SUMM-iT) OF
         mOUNT mERU (r-i-BO MCHOG-RAB)/ ThEN HE GOT A V-iS-iON OF ThE
         ThREE ThOUSAND WORLDS/ AND H-iS BODY GREW VERY LARGE. dUR-iNG
         H-iS -iN-iT-iAT-iON -iNTO ThE cYCLE OF ThE wENERABLE ONE (T~E-BTSUN-
         MA--wAJRAVARAH~)/ HE SAW ThE tEACHER AS ThE wENERABLE oNE.
         dUR-iNG H-iS PROP.T-iAT-iON OF (wAJRA)KâŒLA/ A RED L-iGHT OF ThE S-iZE
         OF ~N OFFER-iNG LAMP/ EMANAT-iNG FROM ThE MAG-iC DAGGER/ WAS
         OBSCRVED FOR MANY DAYS. iN A DREAM (HE SAW) H-iMSELF HOLD-
         -iNG ~-iTh H-iS HAND (TWO) OPPOS-iTE MOUN~A-iN PEAKS/ AND BEAT-iNG
         ThEM L-iKE CYMBALS (CHA-LAN). dUR-iNG H-iS PROP-iT-iAT-iON O~
         tShE-BDAG (A FORM OF yAMâƒNTAKA)/ HE SAW -iN A DREAM ThAT
         HE DRANK OUT ALL (ThE WATER) OF ThE GtSAN-PO. dUR-iNG ThE
         O~ER-iNG OF ThE ~4Th AT BsAM GTAN-GL-ing/ lEGS-LDAN nAG-PO
         (kRSNA) CAME DOWN FROM ThE ROOF OF ThE HOUSE AND APPEARED
         -iN FRONT OF H-iM. aLL SAW H-iM (kRNSA) DESCENDLNG. aT ThE
         T-iME OF AN ECL-iPSE O~ ThE mOON/ WHEN HE WAS PERFORM-iNG AN
         OT~ER-iNG R-iTE TO BdE-KHROS/ AND HAD F-iN-iShED ThE R-iTE TO ThE
         m~NDANE DE-iT-iES/ AND WAS ABOUT TO BEG-iN ThE R-iTE TO ThE
         sUPERMUNDANE DE-iT-iES/ H-iS BODY BECAME LUM-iNOUS/ F-iRE L-iT UP/
         AND STOOD OUT CLEARLY ~OR A CONS-iDERABLE T-iME. aFTER F-iN-iSh-iNG
         ThE R-iTE/ 1~ EXPRESSED H-iS SAT-iSFACT-iON. wHEN HE WAS ASKED
                                                                          p.969
         ABOUT Th-iS HC SA-iD ThAT AT ThE T-iME OF ThE MAN-iFESTAT-iON OF
         (ThE DE-iTY) -iN FRONT OF H.M/ ThE TUTELARY DE-iTY WAS SEEN CLEARLY
         ENTER-iNG ThE F-iRE. hE WAS ABLE TO OF~ER ThE HOMA OF~ER-iNG TO
         ThE (GOD)/ -iN ThE MANNER OF A MAN G-iV-iNG -iT TO ANOThER.
         lATER ThERE APPEARED DâƒK-iNâŒS AND rEL-iG-iOUS pROTECTORS/ AND
         PARTOOK OF ThE-iR ShARES. BdE-KHROS AND (wAJRA)KâŒLA HAD BEEN
         ThE TUTELARY DE-iT-iES OF ThE PTEV-iOUS TEACHERS (O~ ThE l-iNEAGE).
         dUR-iNG ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON R-iTES/ ThESE TWO WERE ThE GREATEST -iN
         MAN-iFEST-iNG ThE-iR BLESS-iNG. dUR-iNG ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iONS A S-iCK
         MAN HAD H-iS D-iSEASE CURED. tHEY ALSO RESTORED ThE POWER OF
         SPEECH TO DUMB ONES. dUR-iNG ThE PERFORMANCE OF MED-iC-iN~L
         R-iTES/ ThE QUANT-iTY OF MED-iC-iNES -iNCREASED AND NUMEROUS WERE
         ThE S-iGNS OF BLESS-iNG. hE USED TO PERFORM H-iS USUAL WORK
         iN ThE MANNER OF PREV-iOUS TEACHERS (OF ThE l-iNEAGE). hE
         SPENT ALL H-iS PROPERTY (-iN PAYMENT) AS SOON AS RECE-iVED FOR ThE
         MEMOR-iAL SERV-iCES ('DAS/MCHOD) FOR PREV-iOUS TEACHERS (OF ThE
         l-iNEAGE)/ ERECTED -iMAGES/ D-iSTR-iBUTED PROV-iS-iONS TO ThE POOR/
   (45B) AND PRESENTED OF~ER-iNG LAMPS -iN ThE uPPER AND ThE lOWER
         cHAPELS. f-iVE YEARS AFTER r-iN-PO-CHE GtSUG-RGYAN-PA'S DEATh/
         HE BESTOWED ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON AND ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE ~f-iVE
         pAThS" (LAM-LNA) ON A SMALL NUMBER OF D-iSC-iPLES/ WHO -iNCLUDED
         ~HE LATTER'S SON/ ThE BlA-MA 'oD-ZER/ AND OThERS. tHEN HE
         PREACHED EVERY SUMMER AND W-iNTER ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iONS AOD ThE
         EXPOs-iT-iONS OF ThE tHREE l-iNEAGES OF ThE ~-i-BYED SYSTEM/ ThE
         ~'eARLY'1/ ThE ~lATER"/ AND ThE ~1NTERMED-iATE." tHE BENEF-iT
         FOR L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS -iNCREASED. h-iS FAME SPREAD OVER ThE SURFACE
         O~ ThE e~RTh. mANY KALYâƒNA-M-iTRAS BECAME H-iS D-iSC-iPLES/ AND
         ThE MOST EXCELLENT AMONG ThEM WAS SkYES-MCHOG r-iN-CHEN
         BZAng-PO. hE H-iMSEL~ ADM-iTTED ThAT HE W~S AN -iNCARNAT-iON
         O~ iNDRABHUT-i. hE HAD ALSO NUMEROUS D-iSC-iPLES/ SUCH AS ThE
         BLA-MA gRAGS-DON-PA/ GtSAN-PA BlO-BZANS-PA/ RtOGS-LDAN
         gRAGS-LHUN-PA/ AND OThERS. aT ThE AGE O~ 7O/ FROM ThE
         AUTUMN O~ ThE YEAR eARTh-fEMALE-oX. (SA-MO-GLAN--1409
         a.d.) H-iS HEALTh BECAME -iMPA-iRED. tHEY APPL-iED ThEMSELVES
         W-iTh D-iL-iGENCE TO R-iTES/ ETC. oNE DAY HE GAVE -iNSTRUCT-iONS TO
         EACH O~ H-iS SONS/ PO-iNT-iNG OUT TO ThEM ThE-iR RESPECT-iVE MONAS-
                                                                          p.970
         TER-iES AND WORKS. ~yOU/ ~ES-RAB BZA-i~-PO/ ShOULD LOOK AFFER
         ThESE BOOKS -iN ThT BOOK-CASE. yOU ShOULDN'T ABANDONThE
         HERM-iTAGE OF SmAN-GC-iG AND ShOULD FOSTER ThE -iNTCTEST OF L-iV-iNG
         BE-iNGS ACCORD-iNG TO YOUR AB-iL-iT-iES." hAV-iNG -iMPARTED -iNSTRUC-
         T-iONS AS ABOVE/ HE PASSED AWAY -iNTO ThE pURE sPHERE (dAG-PA-I
         DBY-iNS). hE HAD SEVEN SONSH bYAN-CHUB BZAng-PO/ dAR-MA
         R-iN-CHEN/ /oD-ZER RGYAL-MTShAN/ ThE SgRUB-PA-PO (SâƒDHAKA)
         '~AM-DBYAngS/ bYAN-CHUB DPAL-LDAN/ kUN-DGA' BSES-GNEN/ ThE
         dHARMASVAM-iN r-iN-PO-CHE ~ES-RAB-BZAng-PO. tHE dHARMAS-
         VAM-iN sES-RAB BZAng-PO WAS BORN -iN T1-E YEAR f-iRE-mALE-t-iGER
         (ME-PHO-STAG--1386 a.d.). iN CB-iLDHOOD HE OBTA-iNED ThE
         COMPLETE PRECEPTS FROM H-iS FAThER. hE ALSO KNEW ThE R-iTUALS.
         aT ThE AGE OF 24/ HE BESTOWED ThE EXPOS-iT-iON (OF PRECEPTS)
         ON SgO-MO r-iN-PO-CHE yE-SES-DPAL-BA AND OThERS/ AND BECAME
         A tEACHER. aFTER ThAT HE CONSTANTLY LABOURED FOR ThE WEL-
         FARE OF OThERS AT BOTh lHO-BRAG AND gRA. hE WAS ENDOWED
   (46A) W-iTh ThE UNDERSTAND-iNG OF ThE mAH⃠MUDRA/ AND WAS STR-iCT -iN
         ThE OBSERVANCE OF ThE PURE MORAL CODE OF A MONK. fROM
         Th-iS mASTER OF ThE l-iNEAGE OF tEACH-iNG/ WE ('gOS-LO) (!BTA-iNED
         ThE tHREE l-iNEAGES OF ThE 7-i-BYED SYSTEM/ ThE "eARLY/" ThE
         '~lATER"/ AND ThE ~iNTERMED-iATE". r-iN-PO-CHE bYAN-BZAngS-
         PA'S SON ThE BLA-MA kUN-DGA' RDO-RJE WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR
         wOOD-mALE-hORSE (S-iN-PHO-RTA--14} 4 a.d.). iN H-iS CH-iLD-
         HOOD HE STUD-iED CXTENS-iVELY W-iTh H-iS FAThER ThE M~ThOD OF
         mâƒYA (SgYU-'PHRUL) OF ThE ~BEN-iGN" (~-i-BA) AND ~'WRAThFUL"
         (KHRO-BO) ASPECTS/ ThE cYCLE OF wAJRAL-iâŒLA/ AND OThER SYSTEMS.
         hE ALSO HEAR~MUCH FROM H-iS FAThER AND ThE r-iN-PO-CHE sHES-
         RAB BZAN-PO ThE COMPLETE cYC-iE OF ThE ~-i-BYED SYSTEM. eVEN
         NOW Th-iS (tEACHET) -iS ST-iLL AL-iVE/ BENEF-iTT-iNG NUMEROUS D-iSC-iPLES.
         tHE EiDEST SON OF ThE ThREE SONS BORN TO SmRA-BA-I SEN-GE/
         KNOWN AS ThE "aLL-kNOW-iNG" (tHAMS-CAD MKHYEN-PA)/ HAD
         BEEN A PAND-iTA -iN ThE sOUTh OF iND-iA/ NAMED lOKYATR-iNâƒThA.
         bY ThE POWER OF H-iS LEARN-iNG -iN BOTh ThE tANTRAS AND sUTRAS/
         HE WAS ABLE TO OVERCOME OThERS -iN PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL D-iSPUTES. hE
         HAD ABOUT S-iX EXCELLENT D-iSC-iPLES. hE WAS TEBORN AS ThE GREAT
         sA-SKYA-PA kUN-DGA/ SN-iN-PO. aFTER ThAT H~ BECAME A PANd-iTA
                                                                          p.971
         NAMED pRAJNâƒMAT-iSR⌠-iN jALANDHARA/ ENDOWED W-iTh SOME
         M-iRACULOUS POWERS. w-iTh ThE HELP OF H-iS M-iRACULOUS POWERS
         HE V-iS-iTED ThE COUNTRY OF oDD-iYANA. tHERE HE V-iS-iTED ThE
         sVAYAMBHU~A-iTYA (rAN-BYUN-G-i MCHOD-RTEN). oN ThE FOUT
         S-iDES OF Th-iS CA-iTYA/ FOUR GREAT PAND-iTAS -iN TURN BESTOWED ON
         H-iM ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON OF ThE VASE (KALASA-ABH-iSEKA) AND ThE OThER
         DEGREES OF -iN-iT-iAT-iONS. aT ThAT T-iME HE WAS BLESSED BY ThE
         tAThâƒGATAS WHO F-iL-iED ThE ENT-iRE sKY/ hE WAS BAThED BY lOCANA
         ~SpYAN-MA/ NAME OF A DEV-L) AND OThER DE-iT-iES. hE WAS WOR-
         Sh-iPPED BY GzUGS RDO-RJE-MA (rUPAVAJRâŒ) AND OThER GODDESSES.
         aFTER ThAT HE PROCEEDED TO VAR-iOUS CEMETER-iES/ SUCH AS ThE
         pADMAKUTA CEMETERY (pAD-MA-BRTSEGS) AND OThERS/ TO PERFORM
         tANTR-iC R-iTES. dUE TO ThE ShORTNESS OF ThE T-iME SPENT BY
         H-iNL -iN MED-iTAT-iON/ ThESE tANTR-iC R-iTES ENDANGERED H-iS L-iFE/ AND
   (46B) HE PASSED AWAY AT ThE AGE O~ 49. fROM ThERE HE CAME HERE/
         S;~CH -iS H-iS STORY TOLD BY H-iMSELF. hE WAS REBORN -iN ThE YEAR
         f-iTE-mALE-mOUSE (ME-PHO-BY-i-BA--1716 a.d.). wHEN HE
         WAS N-iNE MONThS OLD/ H-iS MOThER TOOK H-iM TO ThE PLACE WHERE
         tE-NE HAD BEEN CREMATED AT r-i-KHROD/ AND HE RECOLLECTED
         FULLY ALL ThE C-iRCUMSTANCES OF ThE CREMAT-iON. aT ThE AGE OF
         7/ HE MASTERED READ-iNG AND GRAMMAR/ AFTER A S-iNGLE EXPLANA-
         T-iON BY ThE tEACHER. hE ALSO LEARNED FROM G~;LAGS-STON RnAL-
         /BYOR-/BUM GRAMTNAT-iCAL TREAT-iSES (Sâƒ~TRAS)/ SL~CH AS ThE r-iG-
         BKLAG AND OThERS.
            aFTER HAV-iNG STUD-iED FOR SEVEN DAYS/ HE WAS ABLE TO READ
         W-iTh EASE ThE PR-iNTED SCR-iPT. lATER HE WAS A~LE TO D-iST-iNGU-iSh
         BETWEEN ThE STYLES OF SCR-iPTS/ PA-iNT-iNGS AND -iMAGES OF iND-iA/
         cH-iNA/ oDD-iYâƒNA/ AND OThER COUNTR-iES. aT ThE AGE OF E-iGHT/
         HE WAS AB-iE TO PERFORM ThE R-iTE O~ ThE BkA/-BRGYAD (NAME O~
         1 R~L-iN-MA R-iTUAL). hE OF~ERED TO H-iS PARENTS ThE FOOD ThAT
         REMA-iNED AFTER ThE tANTR-iC FEAST (GANACAKRA) ACCOMPANY-iNG
         ThE R-iTE/ AND PLEASED ThEM. aT ThE AGE OF TEN/ HE JO-iNED
         H-iS FAThER -iN PROP-iT-iAT-iNG (ThE-iT) TUTELARY DE-iTY/ AND A MYST-iC
         TRANCE/ DUR-iNG WH-iCH HE D-iD NOT D-iST-iNGU-iSh BETWEEN DAY AND
         N-iGHT/ WAS BORN -iN H-iM. tHUS Th-iS (tEACHER)/ WHO WAS EN-
         DOWED W-iTh ThE NATURE O~ A bODH-iSATTVA (R-iGS-LDAN) AND HAD
                                                                          p.972
         OBTA-iNED A MASS OF MER-iTS AS H-iS B-iRTh R-iGHT/ ATTENDED/ -iN
         GENETA-i/ ON MORE ThAN ~6 TEACHERS/ AND ESPEC-iALLY SECURED FROM
         RgYA/ ThE ~ii-kNOW-iNG"/ ThE L-iGHT OF ThE BOUNDLESS SCR-iP-
         TURES. fROM lHAG rU-BA HE OBTA-iNED AN EXCELLENT D-iSCR-iM-i-
         NAT-iVE UNDERSTAND-iNG. fTOM A GREAT iND-iAN PAnD-iTA HE
         OBTA-iNED ThE FOUNDAT-iON OF ThC TRUE MEAN-iNG (Y-iD-CHES DON-GY-i
         GNAS). fROM /~-i r-i-PA HE OBTA-iNED ThE R-iTE OF ThE ~EXTERNAL"
         AND ~-iNNER" MANDALAS (pHY-i-NAN DKY-iB-'KHOR; ThE NAN DKY-iB-
         'KHOR BELONG TO ThE aNUTTARA-tANTRA~ ThE ~eXTERNAL'/ TO ThE
         OThER tANTR-iC SY~TEMS). fROM idUM-RA-BA HE iEARNED ThE
         (HAB-iT) OF EARNEST STUDY WH-iCH PUR-iF-iED ThE S~MBOL-iCAL AND
         -iND-iV-iDUAL STREAMS (DPE-RGYUD). fROM 'bR-i-KHUng-PA HE iEARNED
         ThE MANNER OF LABOUR-iNG FOR TBE WELFARE O~ OThERS. fROM
         r-i-KL~ROD-PA HE OBTA-iNED ThE "HEAT" OF BLESS-iNG BY WH-iCH HE
         WAS ABLE TO SUBDUE DEMONS. fROM bAng-R-iM-PA HE OBTA-iNED
         ThE V-iTAL POWER (GNAD-KY-i MTShAN) OF H-iDDEN PRECEPTS. fROM
         ThE KULAPAT-i (R-iGS-BDAG--H-iS FAThER) HE H-iMSELF OBTA-iNED ThE
         UNDERSTAND-iNG OF ThE ThEORY. bECAUSE HE WAS ABLE TO MASTER
         A SUBJECT BY MERELY READ-iNG ABOUT -iT/ OR MERELY HEAR-iNG ABOUT
         -iT/ HE BECAME KNOWN AS ~ii-kNOW-iNG/'. h-iS REAL NAME
         WAS BsOD-NAMS-DPAL. hE ALSO COMPOSED NUMEROUS SâƒSTRAS ON
         ThE '~oLD" ~R~-iN) AND ~nCW" tANTRAS/ AND ON MANY OThCR
         BRANCHES OF KNOWLEDGE. fROM idUM-RA-BA HE OBTA-iNCD ES-
         PEC-iALLY ThE SAY-iNGS OF ThE SCHOLAR tRE-BO MgON-PO AND
         BECAME AN EXPERT -iN ThE SYSTEM OF tRE-BO. tHRO~GH MED-i-
   (47A) TAT-iON/ HE OBTA-iNED MANY REAL-iZAT-iONS -iN ThE tANTRAS. hE
         PASSED AWAY AT ThE AGE OF 62 -iN ThE YEAR f-iTE-fEMALE~X
         (ME-MO-GLAN--1277 a.d.). tHE ELDEST OF ThE ThREE SONS OF
         ThE ~ii-kNOWLNG/' (WAS) kUN-DGA' BZAN-POH tHE dHARMAS-
         VâƒM-iN RgOD-TShAN-PA/ ThE gREAT/ HAV-iNG PASSED AWAY -iN ThE
         YEAR eARTh-mALE-hORSE (SA-PHO-RTA--1258 a.d.)/ WAS REBORN
         -iN ThE SAME hORSE YEAR (RTA-LO--1258 a.d.) AT S~LE-MDO AS
         SON OF SL~LE-MDO-BA/ ThE ~ii-kNOW-iNG"/ WHO WAS ThEN AGED
         43. t-iLL ThE AGE OF S-iX/ ThE CH-iLD USED TO REPEAT FREQUENDYH
         ~1 AM RgOD-TShAN-PA !/' hE ALSO USED TO SAY ThAT HE HAD
         BEEN m-iDLA. hE PRETENDED ThAT HE COULD NOT SPEAK T-iLL HE
                                                                          p.973
         WAS ThREE. fROM ThE AGE OF FOUR HE MASTERED READ-iL~G AND
         WR-iT-iNG. fROM ThE AGE O~ SEVEN/ HE USED TO PREACH TO ThE
         RET-iNUE. t-iLL ThE AGE OF 12/ HE OBTA-iNED ~ROM H-iS FATh~R MANY
         Sâƒ~HANAS AND tANTRAS O~ ThE RL~;L-iN-MA SCHOOL/ MASTERED ThEM/
         AND PREACHED ThEM TO OThERS. hE ALSO TAUGHT R-iTUAL. aT
         ThE AGE OF 1 2/ HE GAThERED D-iSC-iYLES FROM D-iF~ERENT PARTS/ AND
         ERECTED A REL-iG-iOUS SEAT. h-iS FAThER ENTRUSTED TO H-iM ALL ThE
         BOOKS AND TAUGHT H-iM sUTRAS/ tANTRAS/ aGAMAS/ AND lOG-iC
         (pRAMANA). aT ThE AGE OF 13/ HE TAUGHT TBE sHRâŒ-gUHYASA-
         MâƒJA-tANT~A/ AND H-iS ~AThER WAS PLEASED W-iTh ThE MANNER OF
         H-iS PREACH-iNG. aT ThE AGE OF 14 AND 15/ HE SAYED -iN SECLU-
         S-iON AND HAD A CLEAR V-iS-iON O~ wAJR~KâŒLA. hE MAN-i~ESTED SOME
         M-iRACULOUS POWERS. tOGEThET W-iTh sHAR;S-PA tShUL-SE HE L-iSTEN-
         ED TO NUMEROUS TEACH-iNGS OF ThE gUHYAGARBHA AND TO ThOSE
         OF ThE tHREE l-iNEAGES OF ThE ~-i-BYED SYS~CN~/ ThE ~eARLY"/
         ThE ~'lATER"/ AND ThE ~LNTERMED-iATE". fROM ~AR;~TShUL H-iMSEL~
         HE OBTA-iNED SEVERAL SUTRAS/ SUCH AS ThE sAMâƒDH-iRAJA-sUTRA
         (kG. MdO/ nO. 1 27) AND OThERS. fROM mAN-YUL (d-iN-
         R-i) CAME ThE ACâƒRYA nAM-MKHA' YE-SES TO V-iS-iT H-iS FAThER/ AND
         TO BE -iN-iT-iATED -iNTO ThE GREAT -iN-iT-iAT-iON OF ThE mAY~ (SgYU-
         /PHRUL) AND O~HERS. tHC SON ASS-iSTED -iN ThE R-iTE AS KATMA-
         âƒCâƒRYA. aT ThE AGE OF ~6/ bA-R-i-BA ADM-iTTED H-iM TO BE AN
         -iNCARNAT-iON/ AND DbON-PO cHOS-KY-i GZ-i-BRj-iD WAS SENT TO OFFER
         H-iM NUMEROUS PRESENTS. aFTER ThAT SpY-iLDKAR-BA H-iMSELF
         HAV-iNG COME/ ThEY TAUGHT EACH OThER NUMEROUS DOCT~-iNES.
         fROM H-iS FAThER HE RECE-iVED ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON -iNTO ThE kâƒLACAKRA.
   (47B) aT ThE AGE O~ 17/ HE MET 'tShAL GsER-KHAN-PA ON ThE WAY
         TO 'bR-i-KHUN/ AND OBTA-iNED (FROM H-iM) MANY DOCTR-iNES. hE
         ThEN WENT TO WORSh-iP ThE -iMAGE OF sHâƒKYAMUN-i (~O-BO) -iN lHA-
         SA/ AND AFTER ThAT JOURNEYED TO 'bR-i-KHUN/ AND TOOK UP ORD-iNA-
         T-iON. aT ThE AGE OF 1 8/ HE L-iSTENED TO NUMEROUS EXPOS-iT-iONS BY
         H-iS FAThER AT S~E-MDO. h-iS YOG-iC -iNS-iGH~ BROADENED. hE
         ACCEPTED H-iS FAThER AS H-iS MATCHLESS F-iRST tEACHER (MULA-GURU/
         RTSA-BA/-i BLA-MA~. h-iS 1GTh YEAR HE SPENT -iN A S-iM-iLAR
         MANNER. iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-mOUSE (ME-BY-i--1276 a.d.) ThE
         TROOPS OF ThE PR-iNCE (RGYAL-BU) a-ROG-CHE (aRU~C-i) ARR-iVED.
                                                                          p.974
         iN ThE YCAR f-iRE-oX (ME-GLAN--L277 a.d.) H-iS ~AThER WENT
         TO MkHAR-CHU. hE WAS -iNV-iTED BY ThE dHARMASVAM-iN
         bA-R-i-BA/ AND PROCEEDED TO lA-STOD (NEAR d-iN-R-i). dUR-iNG
         ThE YEAR H-iS FAThER D-iED AT MkHAR-CHU. oN H-iS RETURN FROM
         GtSAN/ HE PERFORMED POMPOUS FUNERAL T-iTES. iN ThE
         YEAR ~RON-sETPENT (iCAGS-SBRUL--1 28 L a.d.) HE 1~3ET ThE S-iDDHA
         sEN-GEGRAGS iT ShE-MDO/ WHO -iMPARTED PTECEPTS TO H-iM.
         aT ThE AGE OF 25/ -iN ThE YEAR wATET-hORSE (CHU-TTA--1282
         a.d.) HE MET u-RGYAN-PA. aT THHU-LUG/ GyAM-BZANS AND
         /dOD-MKHAR HE HEARD TW-iCE ThC mAH⃠S-iDDHA (gRUB-CHEN-PA/
         u-RGYAN-PA) REC-iT-iNG ThE COMMENTARY ON ThE kALACAKRA-tANTRA
         (ThE w-iMALAPRABHA). aT ThE AGE OF 36/ -iN ThE YEAR wATER-
         ~ERPENT (~HU-SBTUL--1293 a.d.) HE OBTA-iNED FTOM BcHOM-rAL
         (BcOM-LDAN r-i~RAL3 ThE BAS-iC TEXT OF ~A-BA-R-i (mAH⃠MUDRâƒ-
         VAjRAGLT-i-NAMA/ tG.RgYUD/ nO. ~287)/ AND OThER TEXTS. iN
         ThE YEAR eAR~dOG (SA-KH~ 98 a.d.) HE -iNV-iTED ThE
         LO-TSA-BA gRAGS-PA RGYAL-MTShAN (ThE yAR-KLUNS LO-TSA-BA) AND
         OBTA-iNED FROM H-iM ThE hEVAJRA/ ThE nA-RO /GREL-CHEN (wAJRAPA-
         DASARASAM. GRAHAPANJ-iKA/ tG. RgYUD/ nO. 1196)/ ThE cOMMEN-
         TA~Y ON DLE sEKODDESA TpARAMARThASA .MGRAHA-NAMA-sEKODDESA-
         TLKA/ tG. Rg~D/ nO. 1351)/ ThE uPADESA-MANJARL ~mAN-NAG
         S~E MA/ ~NSA .MPUTATANTRARAJAT.LKA-MNAYAMAF-iJARL-NAMA/ tG.
         RgYUD/ nO. i 198)/ ThE kA-H PA (kALAPASUTRA/ tG. SgRA-MDO/
         nO. 4~82)/ AND MANY OThER iND-iAN AND t-iBETAN GRAMMAT-iCAL
         WORKS. lATER HE OBTA-iNED ThE aCALA-tANTRA (kG. RgYUD-/BUM/
         nO. 432) AND ThE bYA-BA BT~PA (kR-iYASARNGRAHA/ tG. RgYUD/
         nO. 2531). wHEN HE WAS 43/ -iN ThE YEAR iRON-mALE-mOUSE
         (iCAGS-PH~BY-i-BA--1300 a.d.) bA-R-i-BA PASSED AWAY. hE
         PASSED -iNTO ThE sPHERE OF gREAT pEACE (~-i-BA-CHEN-PO-I DBY-ingS)/
         ThE dHARMAKA~YA/ -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-dRAGON (ME-/BRUG--1316
         a.d.) AT ThE AGE OF 59. tHE M-iDDLE SON kUN-DGA' MGON-PO
         (L-iVED) ~OR 56 YEARS/ BETWEEN ThEYEAR wOOD-oX (S-iN-GLAN--
         1265 a.d.~ AND ThE YEAR iRON-aPE (iCAGS-SPRE--1320 a.d.).
         tHE YOUNGEST SON--kUN-MKHYEN kUN-DGA/ DON-GRUB (L-iVED)
         FOR 61 YEARS/ BETWEEN ThE YEAR eAFTh-dRAGON (SA-'BRUG--1268
         a.d.) AND ThE YEAR eARTh-dRAGON (SA-'BRUG--13~8 a.d.).
                                                                          p.975
         ~L~C dHARN~ASVANL-iN ~-iG-PO/S D-iSC-iPLE NAMED sANS-
         RGYAS RAS-PAH HE WAS BORN AT ~-iN-TSh-iGS OF pHU-ThAN 'KHUN-
         PA-SA/ AND BELONGED TO ThE 'bT-iN CLAN. hE WAS ThC LAST OF ThE
   (48A) TBREE SONS OF FATL~ER MkHA'-/GRO AND MOThER sRUN-SKY-iD/ AND
         WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR eARTh-fEMALE-hOG (SA-;NO~PHAG--1203
         a. d.). iN Th-iS YCAR ThE 'bR-i-KHUN dHARMASVAM-iN REACHED
         H-iS 61ST YEAR. tH-iS APPEARS EO BE ThE YEAR WH-iCH PRECEDED
         ThE COM-iNG TO t-iBET dF ThE kBA-CBE PANCHEN (~AKYASR;).
         fROM H-iS CH-iLDHOOD HE REMCmBERED NOTh-iNG BUT DEATh. iN
         B-iS YOUTh HE MET FOR A ShORT WH-iLE RgYALBA tE-NE. hE
         OBTA-iNED ThE L~A-LD1N (NAME O~ A SYSTEM O~ /bR-i KHUN-PA)
         FROM T~' SpYAN-SNA OF pHAG-MO-GRU. wHEN HE SAW z-iG-PO
         ON ThC TOAD/ RETUTN-iNG FROM tSA-R-i/ HE FELT FA-iTh BORN -iN H-iM.
         aT ThE AGE OF 23/ HE CAME TO H-iM/ AND OFFERED H-iM ALL H-iS
         POSSESS-iONS. hAV-iNG TAKEN UP ThE UPASAKA VOWS/ HC RECE-iVED
         ThC NA~NC OF r-iN-CHEN SMON-LAM. (z-iG PO) FORETOLD H-iM ThAT
         -iN ~UCURC HE WOULD GAThER ABOUT A HUNDRED D-iSC-iPLES. hE
         RECE-iVED ThE F-iNAL MONAST-iC ORD-iNAT-iON (UPASAMPADA) -iN ThE
         PTESENCC O~ ThC ACATYA StON-P~/ A D-iSC-iPLE O~ zUL-PHU-BA. hE
         WAS lLLEN G-iVEN ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON AND ThE EXPOS-iT-iON O~ ThC ;~-i-
         BYED SYSTEM. fOR S-iX MONTL S HC PERFORMED ThE MED-iTAT-iON
         OF ThE "pUR-iF-iCAT-iON OF ThE m-iND" (BL O-SBYON) AND AN ThE
         S-iGNS FELT COMPLETE. tHE SP-iR-iTUAL MER-iTS OF ThE D-iFFERENT
         D~GREES HAV-iNG BEERL PROPERLY PROD~LCED -iN H-iM/ H-iS tEACHER
         BECAME PLE~SED.
            hE ATTENDED ~M L.-iS L~ACHC~ T-iLL Th~ AGE OF 21. aFTER
         ThAT HE OBTA-iTLED (ThE-iR RCSPECT-iVE) PRCCEPTS FROM ThE FOLLOW-iNG
         TE~CL~CRSH H-iS ELDER BROThER ThE âƒCâƒRY~ StON-PA/ ThE ACARYA
         StON-PA Oe 2~ON-'GAR-BA/ ThE ACâƒRYA yON-BTSUN O~ Bs~M-YAS/
         DBoN r-iN-PO-CHC AT 'bR-i-KHUng/ kHAMS-SGO~ -iG-PO AT rU
         MTSBAMS CHU-BZANS/ kO-BRAG-PA/ kHRO-PBU-BA/ sEN-YES/ TBE
         S-iDDHA OF t-i-SE (kA-iLASA)/ TL~E ~CARYA gUR-STON AT lHO-BR~G/
         TL-iE AC-ARYA r-i-KHROD-PA AT MkHAR-CHU/ SpYAN-SNA gANS-DKAR-BA/
         sâƒKYA DgE-SBYON/ ThE ACAR~A DpCN-SGOM/ gRA-PA StON-GZON/
         ThE ACARYA SdC SN~D-PA Oe gRU-SUL lH~-R-i/ ThE ACARYA SgOM-PA
         Oe DmYAL/ ThE -iCARYA KlU-SGOLU/ AND ThE BLAMA BzAN-MO
                                                                          p.976
         BA. tHE MANNER OF H-iS MED-iTAT-iVE PRACT-iCCH HE WAS BOUND
         BY A VOW (G-iVEN) -iN ThE PRESENCE OF H-iS tEACHER/ TO PRACT-iSE
         MED-i~T-iON FOR i 2 YEARS. hE PRACT-iSED -iT FOR ThREE EXTRA YEARS.
         tHE LOCAL-iT-iES WBERE HE PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON (SGRUB-PA-I GNAS)H
         gAngS-DKAR t-i-SE (kA-iLâƒSA)/ A HOLY ROCK-CAVE -iN SpU-RANS/
   (48B) ThE CAVE OF SpA-GRO StAG-TShAN/ gAN-BZANS/ ~O-MO kHA-RAG/
         lA-YAG/ gANS-PL~UG/ MkHAR-CHU/ ThE sNOWS O~ ~HA-LUN/ ThC
         sNOWS OF G~ ngA-MD~/ GyAG-MTShO OF mTShO SNA/ AND lUN-
         STOng (DESERT VALLEY~ OF sA-/UG StAG-S~O. hAV-iNG CROSSED ThE pASS
         Oe lA-CHEN -iN mON (l~-CHEN -iN s-iKKLM)/ HE ARR-iVED AT A PLACC
         CALLED "tHE VALLEY OF rEVATL" (rEVAT-i-I LUng) AND ThE LAKE mU-
         LE-GOng WH-iCH wDs SA-iD TO BE EHE R~S-iDENCE OF rEVAT-i. iN -iTS
         NE-iGHBOURHOOD ThERE WAS GREAT DANGER FROM W-iLD AN-iMALS.
            tHEN HE SAW ThE R-iVER gANGâƒ/ AND V-iS-iTED AN iND-iAN GRASS-HUT
         V-iLLAGE (RTSA-I SPY-iL-PO-CAN)/ AND ~ELT ThAT -iT HAD BEEN ThC PLACE
         OF H-iS FORMET B-iRTh. (hE ALSO V-iS-iTED) dAGSlH~-SGAM-PO/ SkYO-
         ZUR/ S-iTUATED NEAR TO H-iS OWN V-iLLAGE/ AND DgON-DKAR. hE HAD
         AN UNATTACHED N~ENTAL ATT-iTUDE TOWARDS H-iS OWN MER-iTS. hE WAS
         ABLE TO ~UBS-iST ON ONE BREATh PET DAY/ MOVE ThROUGH ThE sKY
         -iN A CTOSS-LEGGED POSTURE/ AND COVET LONG D-iSTANCES DUR-iNG H-iS
         JOURNEYS. h-iS OThET ATTA-iNMENTS HE KEPT SECRET AND D-iD NOT
         SPEAK ABOUT ThEM (TO OThERS). iN OThER WORDS/ HE (HAD V-iS-iONS)
         WH-iCH COULD NOT BE DESCR-iBED BY WORDS. lATER HE SPENT SOME
         T-iLNE -iN LOOK-iNG AFTER ThE WELFARE OF OThERS AT ThE MONASTERY
         OF ~HAR MA. hE MAN-iFESTED ThE APPEARANCE OF PASS-iNG -iNTO
         n-iRVâƒNA AT ThE AGE OF 78/ -iN ThE YEAR i~ON-mALE-dR~GON
         (iCAGS-PHO-/BRUG--128~ a.d.). tHE ABOVE -iNFORMAT-iON i HAVE
         CONDCNSED FROM H-iS l-iFC-STORY (RNAM-ThA~) COMPOSED BY H-iS
         PETSON~L D-iSC-iPLE NAMED mYAN /BAN-PO dHARMAS-iMHA. tHE
         dOCTR-iNCS WH-iCH BELONGED TO ThE ~lATET'/ l-iNEAGE (OF ThC 7-i-
         BYED) WERE CALLED ~-pHYAG-RGYA CHEN-PO DR-i-MED Th-iGS-PA
         PHYAG-BZES-KY-i SKOR"/ OR ~tHE cYCLE OF mEThODS OF dROPS OF
         ThE iMMACULATE mAH⃠MUDRâƒ." (hERE ThE TERM) mAH⃠MUDRâƒ
         DENOTES ThE mAH⃠MUDR⃠DOCTR-iNE OF mA-iTRâŒ-PA/ BECAUSE dAM.
         PA sANS-RGYAS HAD BEEN A PERSONAL D-iSC-iPLE OF mA-iTR-PA/ ~tHE
         TERM) "LMMACULATE" MEANS ThE SAY-iNGS OF dAM-PA (sANS~
                                                                          p.977
         RGYAS). (i'HE WORD) ~ME~OD" ME~NS ThE METhOD~ OF ThE PRC-
         EEPTS WH-iCH D-iFFETED SL-iGHTLY FROM ThOSC OF ThE OThER DOCMNES.
         tHESE PRECEPTS BY ThE-iR NATURE BELONG TO ThE L~RAJNAPARAM-iTA-/
         BUT FOLLOW ThE tANOR-iC SYSTEM. iN ThE cOMMENTARY ON ThE
         dE-KHO NA-RL-iD BCU-PA (i'A~ADASAKA-NARNA/ tG. RgYUD/ ~O.
   (49A) 2236) BY ~A-iTR-i-PA ThE SYSTEM -iS E~PH-iNED AS ThOUGH -iT WAS
         A pRAJNAPARAM-iTA DOCTR-iNE/ BUT HAD MUCH -iN COMMON W-iTh ThE
         tANTRAS -iN -iTS PRACT-iCE/ AS MENNONaHD -iN ThE hEV-JRA-tANNA.
         hE (mA-iTR-i-PA) SA-iDH ~tHESE PRECEPTS ARE NOT BAXD ON ThE
         MED-iTAT-iON ON DE-iT-iES/ AND DO NOT FOLLOW ThE SYSTEM OF ThE
         FOUR MUDRAS" (dBARMA-MUDRA/ KARMA-MUDRJ/ SAMAYA-MUDRA
         AND MAHA-MUDRA. aD~YAVAJRAS~MGRAHA/ ED. BY hARAPRASAD
         sHASTR-i/ gAEKWAD/S oR-iENTAL sER-iES/ nO. xl/ P. xH DHARMA-
         MUDRA_aBSOLUTE nATURE-i kARMA-MUDRA--eEN~ALE ASSOC-iATE;
         SAMAYA-MUDRA--A DE-iRY MENTALLY AEATED(OR ThE tANTR-iC VOWS);
         mAHâƒ-MUDRâƒ--ThE w-iSDOM OF ThE aBSO-iUTE). fOR Th-iS REASON
         -iT -i~ NOT CLASS-iF-iED -iN ThE tANTRA. tH-iS AGREES W-iTh ThE ABO~(E
         SCATEMENT BY mA-iTR-i-PA. tH-iS TEF-iN-iT-iON -iNCLUDES ONLY ThE PRE-
         CEPTS KNOWN TO ThE GENERAL PUBL-iC. oThERW-iSE -iT -iS SA-iD ThAT
         dAM-PA BESTOWED ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON -iNTO ThE kALACAKRA SYSTEM ON
         pHYAT-CHEN AND /bAN gUN-RGYAL ~Th-iS MEANS ThAT HE PREACHED
         ThE PRECEPTS BAS-iNG H-iMSELF ON ThE MED-iTAT-iON ON DC-iT-iES)/ AND
         ThAT HE HAD ALSO BESTOWED ON MANY(OThERS)EHE PRECEPTS Oe
         ThE KARMA-MUDRA (-i.E. HE PREACHED ALL ThE FOUT MUDRAS). tHERE-
         FORE -iT -iS WRONG TO SAY ThAT ThE dOCTR-iNE OF SdUG-BSNAL ~-i-BYED
         O~ dAM-PA (sANS-RGYAS) DOES NOT CONTA-iN tLNTR-iC PRECEPTS.
         hAV-iNG BEEN DESCR-iBED AS FOLLOW-iNG ON TBE tANRRAS/ ThE "a-L-i
         kA-L-i" -iN-iT-iAT-iON AND OThER R-iTUALS (ShOULD BE CONS-iDCRED) AS
         -iM-iTAT-iNG ThE tANTRAS. bUT BECAUSE ThEY ARE NOTG~NU-iNE
         (tANTR-iC R-iTES) ONE ShOULD NOT M-iSTAKE ThEM LOR TRUE tANTRAS.
         tHE "a-L-i kA-~-i" -iN-iT-iAT-iON ShOULD BE CONS-iDETED TO BE S-iM-iLAR
         TO ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE DHARA.MS OF 42 LETTERS MENT-iONED -iN
         EHE pRAJNAPARAM-iTA-SUTRA (WH-iCH -iS NOT A tANTR-iC WORK). iN Th-iS
         SYSTENL WH-iCH CONS-iSTS O~ TWO S~CT-iONS--ThE SECT-iON OF ThE ORD-i-
         NARY DOCTR-iNES (ThUN-MON) AND ThAT O~ ThE ~XTRAORD-iNARY DOC-
         TR-iNES (ThUN-MON-MA-Y-iN-PA/-i CHOS)/ ThE SECT-iON OF ~ORD-iN~RY"
                                                                          p.978
         DOCTR-iNCS CONTA-iNS ThE MdO/ ThE tANTR~ TOGCThER W-iTh ThE-iR
         R-iTUALS/ ThE BkA/-BABS W-iTh ThE "oRAL tRAD-iT-iON/" ThE ~LMMA-
         CULATE" (dR-i-MED) TOGEThCR W-iTh ThE pHRA-T-iG/ AND ThE dAR-
         TShAGS TOGEThER W-iTh ThE BsH~D-'BUM. f-iRSTLY/ HERE MdO MEANS
         TL~E SpY-i-MDO (gENERAL S~LTRA~ U-KLUN MNON-PAR ROL-PA/-i MDO/
         ~ND ThE DgOS-MDO (sPEC-i~L SUTR~)_ThE ~ES-RAB SN-iN-PO (bHAGA-
         V~TL-PR~JNAPARAM-iT~.HR~LAYA/ ~gTALOGUE DU fONDS t-iBCCA-iN.
         lES MdO-M~N"/ BY m. lALOU/LpiR-iS/ 1931(P. 4O/ nO. iO~
         tHE ~gNERAL'/ tANTRA--TBE Sd~-SNOD GSAL-BYED; ThC ~pART-i-
         COL~R" tANTRA/ OR SgOS-RgY-LD-~HU-KLUR; CHEN-PO; ThE r-iTUAL
         (PHY~G.LEN)H ThE gREAT AND mED-iUM DbAR;-/KHOR (DbAR;-/KHOT
         CiiE-/BR-ing); ThE ThRCE lAM-R-iM/ GREAT AND SMALL; ThE BkA/-BABS
         SN~N-BRGYUD KNOWN AS ThE fOUR Bk~/-BABS (BkA/-BABS-BZ-i)/
         A..D -iTS lAM SLOR;S SNAN-BRGYUD-BZ-i (fOUR oRAL tRAD-iT-iONS O~
         pRACT-iCE). tHE dR-i-MCD pHRA-T-iGH ThE dR-i-MED CONTA-iNS
         s-iX cYCLES WH-iCH -iNCLUDE ThE "rOOT ON WL--iCL- ThE d~CTR-iNE
         -iS ESTABL-iSh~D" (~HHOS-ZUG-PA RTSA-BA). tBE pHRA-T-iG TEPRESEATS
         RE~L-iES BY kUN-DGA/ -iN ANSWER TO pA-TShAB/S QUCST-iON ABOUT
         MALCVOLENT H-iNDRANCES (MA-BDE-BA-I GEGS). tHE dAR-TSh~GS
         BSAD'BUM CONS-iSTS OF 18 cYCLES OF dAR-TSL~AGS ZAL-GD~MS
         BDUD RTS-i AND OThERS. iT RCPRESENTS OCCAS-iONAL TALKS (/PHRAL-
         GTAM) BY pA-TSh~B/ COMM-iTTED TO WR-iT-iNG BY tE NE (RgYAL BA
   (49B) tE-NE). tHE B~D-/BUM CONTA-iNS ThE EXPOS-iT-iON WR-iTTCN
         (1OWN BY tE-NE/ ~-iG-PO/ S~E-MDO BA/ AND OThERS. aMONG
         ThE CLASS OF "EXTRAORD-iNARY" DOCTR-iNES (tHUN-MOR; MA-Y-iN-PA-I
         CHOS-SDE) ONE F-iNDS ThE tANTRA AND -iTS COMPEND-iUM/ ThE DbAN-
         iA~ LN-iT-iAT-iON AND pATh") AND -iTS EXPOS-iT-iON/ ThE ~ti-iRE~
         tREASUTES OF ThE h-iDDEN" (Gs~ng-MDZOD-GSUM)/ AND ThE e-iGHT
         bE/U-BUM (bOOKLET). aMONG TL-E ~tHTCE h-iDDEN 'RTEASURES"H
         tHE "h-iDDEN tREASURE OF ThE tEACHER" (BlA-MA GSAng-MDZOD)/
         ThE "h-iDDEN tREASURE OF ThE tUTELARY DC-iTY" (y-i DAM GSAN-
         MDZOD)/ ThE ~h-iDDEN tREASURE OF ThE dâƒK-iNâŒS (MkHA/-/GRO
         GSAng-MDZOD). tHE f-iVE cYCLES O~ ThE pATh (lAM-SKOR-LNA3
         (CONTA-iN)H 1. ThE ~cYCLE OF ThE pATh OF ThC fOUR gTES OF ThE
         UPâƒYA-mâƒRGA OF b-i-RU-PA (b-i-RU-PA-I ThABS-~M SGO-BZ-i/-i LAM-
         SKOR)/ 2. ThE cYCLE O~ ThE p~Th O~ ThE fOUR SPHERES OF ThE
                                                                          p.979
         u~YA-MARG~ Oe sARAHL (sA RA-HA/-i ThABS-LAM YUL-BZ-i-I LAM-SKOR)/
         3. ThC cYCLE OF ThE e-iGHTFOLD pATh OF GsER-GL-iN-PA (GsER-GL-iN-
         PA-I LAM-SKOR BTGYAD-P~)/ 4. ThE cYCLE O~ ThE e-iGL~TFOLD pATh
         OF aRYADEVA (a-RY.L-DC-BA-I BM-SKOR BRGYAD-P~)/ 5. ThE
         cYCLE OF ThC pATh OF ThC FOUR YOGA-~RUDL~S OF n~-RO-P~ (nA-
         RO-PA-I ZLLng '~UG BZ-i-I LAM-SKOR). tHE e-iGHT bE U-BUM
         (bOOKLETS)H ThE bE/U-BUM Oe ThE iN-iT-iAT-iON OF TL~E h-iDDEN
         (zLB-MO DBAng-G-i BE/U-BUm). ThE bE/U-BUM OF TL-E rOOT OF
         iDENT-iF-iCAT-iON (~O-SPROD RTS~-BL/-i BE'U-BUM~/ ThE bE'U-BUM
         Oe ThE EX~OS-iT-iON OF ThE oR~L tRAj-iT-iON (S~AN-BRGYUD-KHR-iD-
         KY-i BE'U-BUM~/ ThE bOOKLCT (BE'U-BUM) ON ThE ML-iN PO-iNTS O~
         ThE fOUR ~.LTES (SgO-BZ-i GN~D-KY-i BE/U BUM)/ ThE bOOKLET O~
         VAR-iOUS M-iRACLES (SnA-TShEdS RDZU-'PHRUL G~-i BE/U-BUM)/ TL~E
         bOOKLER OF h-iDDCN mANTRAS (zAT~-MO SNAGS-KY-i BE U-BUM)/
         ThE bO~KLCT OF ThE dAK-iNL PROTECT-iNG ThE dOCTR-iNE (BkA'-
         SRUNS N~KH~/-'GRO-I BE/L~-BUM)/ ThE bOOKLCT O~ TBE ThREE rOYAL
         pRECEPTS (mAN-NAG RGYAL CH~-GSUM-GY-i BE'U-BUM~. tHESE ARE
         ThE CLASSES OF ThE "EXTRAORD-iNARY" DOCTR-iNCS POSSESS-iNG AN
         -iRLJUNCT-iON (Bk~/-RGYA-CAN).
   (50A)    tHE cHAPTER ON ThE "lATER" l-iNEAGE OF ThE z-i-BYED (SYSTEM).
                          
                                    bauk xiii.
                     tHE (SYSTEM) OF G~ YUL/ AND kHA-RAG-PA.
            nOW i ShALL REBTE ThE (H-iSTORY) OF ThE l-iNEAGE Oe ThE
         ~ GL~OD-YUL OF ThE dEMONS/' (BdUD-KY-i G~HOD-YUL) OF ThE
         pRAJNAPARAM-iTA (SO CALLE~ BECAUX ThC ADEPTS O~ ThE G~OD-YUL
         ADHERED TO ThE PH-iLOSOPB-iC DOCTR-iNE OF ThE pRAJNAPARAM-iTA).
         lORD mA-iTTLPADA (mA-iTRL.PA) HAD SA-iD ThAT EV~N -iN ThC
         pRAJNAPARAM-iTA MENT-iON WAS MADE OF PRACT;CES WH-iCH -iM-iTATCD
         ThOSC O~ ThC tANTRAS/ bECAUSE OF Th-iS/ ThC SYSTEM WAS
         (OR-iG-iNALLY) CALLED SpYOD-YUL (t-iBETAN SpYOD CORRCSPONDS TO
         sKRT. GOCARA/ PRACT-iCE. tHC ORThOGRAPHY G~OD -iS A CORRUP-
         T-iON OF ThE F-iRST WORD. bOTh WORDS ARC PR.)NOUNCED CgD-_CO
         -iN MODCRN t-iBCTAN). hOW CAN -iT (-i.C. G~OD) BE S-iM-iLAR
         TO ThC tANTTA? bCCAUSE -iT AGREES W-iTh ThC STANDPO-iNT OF ThC
         hEVAJRA-tANTRA (SnAR-ThAN BkA/-/GYUR/ RgYUD-/BUM/ wOL.
         i (kA)/ FOL. 3~6BH ~mCD-iTAT-iON -iS SA-iD TO BE FRU-iT~UL AT
         ThE FOOT O~ A SOL-iTARY TREE (A SOL-iTARY TTEE/ GTOW-iN~ -iN A DESERTED
         PLA-iN/ -iS POPULARLY BEL-iEVED TO BE ThC ABODE O~ DEMONS.
         bECAUSE OF Th-iS W-iDE-SPREAD BEL-iEF SOL-iTARY TREES ARE NEVCR
         FELLED -iN t-iBET/ AND ARE O~TEN WORSh-iPPED BY ThE LOCAL POPULA-
         T-iON)/ -iN A CEMETERY/ -iN AN EMPTY CA~E (MATR-GR!LA/ t-iB.
         MA-MO-I KHY-iM)/ AT N-iGHT/ -iN A SOL-iTARY PLACE/ OR -iN ThE
         NE-iGHBOURHOOD OF A V-iLLAGE (BAS-MThA/)/'. aGA-iN -iT -iS SA-iD
         -iN ThE hEVAJRA-tANTRA (SnAR-ThAN BkA'-'GYUR/ RgYUD-/BUM/
         wOL. i (kA)/ FOL. 315BH ~hAV-iNG G-iVEN UP (H-iS) PHYS-iCAL
         BODY/ HE (ThE ADEPC) ShOULD AFTERWARDS PRACT-iSE ThE R-iTE'/.
         aND AGA-iN -iT -iS SA-iD (wOL. i (kA)/ FOL. 3 ~ SB)H ~wER-iLY/ ShOULD
         AN ASURA/ EV~N ONE ~QUAL TO iNDRA/ WALK -iN FRONT O~ YOU/
         YOU ShOULD NOT BE AFRA-iD OF -iT/ AND ShOULD WALK ON -iN ThE
         MANNER O~ A L-iON" (hEVAJRA-tANTRA/ wOL. i(kA)/ ~OL. 315B/ HAS
         BRgYA-BY-iq-LTA-BU Y-iN-NA YAN). (tHE SYSTEM) WAS ALSO CALLED
         ThE ~pR~JNAPARAM-iTL CUTT-iNG (ThE -iN~QUCNCC) O~ DEMONS"
                                                                          p.981
         (pHA-ROL-TU PHY-iN-PA BNUD KY-i G~OD-YUL; G~OD-YUL MCANS
         ThE "ACT OF CUTT-iNG ASUNDER"). aGA-iN/ BECAUSE -iT -iS SA-iD -iN
         ThE pRAJNAPARAM-iTASANCAYAGAThA (SdUD-PA TSh-i~S-SU BCAD-PA/
         MdO-MANS/ wOL. 11/ FOL. 435A; SdUD-PA/ FOL. 27A)H ~a
         bODH-iSATTVA ENDOWED W-iTh ThE POWER OF LEATN-iNG (MKHAS-
         STOB~LDAN) CANNOT BE OVERCOME OR ShAKEN BY ~OUT DEMONS/
         BECAUSE OF FOUR REASONSH BECAUSE HE AB-iDES -iN ThC wO-iD
         (STON-PAT GNA~PA)/ BECAUSE HE HAS~ NOT ABANDONED L-iy-iNG
         BE-iNGS/ BECAUSE HE ACTS ACCORD-iNG TO H-iS WOTD/ AND BCCAUSE
         HE -iS ENDOW~D W-iTh ThE BLESS-iNG OF ThE sUGATA." tHE
         FOLLOWERS OF ThE G~OD-SYSTEM OBSERVE ThE ABOVE FOUR REL-iG-iOUS
         -iNJUNCT-iONS/ ThAT -iS/ ThEY (ACCEPT) ThE ThCOLY OF AB-iD-iNG -iN
         ThE wO-iD/ ThEY (CULT-iVATE) COMPASS-iON BY NOT ABANDON-iNG
         L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS/ ThEY (OBSCRVE) ThE MORAL RULE OF ThE bODH-i-
         SATTVAS OF ACT-iNG ACCORD-iNG TO-ONE'S WORD/ AND ThEY STR-iVE
         FOR ThE BLESS-iNG OF ThC sUGATA. tHESE ARE ThE FOUR (-iNJUNC-
         T-iONS) WH-iCH CONST-iTUTE ThE FOUNDAT-iON OF ThE-iR SP-iR-iTUAL
         TRA-iN-iNG. tHE (-iNJUNCT-iON) OF STR-iV-iNG FOR ThE BLCSS-iNG OF
         ThE sUGATA (MEANS) ThE TAK-iNG OF rEFUGE (SKYABS-SU/GRO-BA)/
         AND ThE OF~ER-iNG OF PRAYERS TO ThE tEACHER AND ThE sP-iR-iTUAL
         l-iNEAGE. tL E ACT-iNG ACCORD-iNG TO ONE/S OWN WORD/ (MEANS)
         TO ABSTA-iN FROM HARSh ACT-iONS (ThO-CO MA-Y-iN)/ AND (TO ABSTA-iN)
         FROM BREAK-iNG ThE VOWS/ WH-iCH WETE TAKEN AT ThE T-iME OF
         ThE MAN-iFESTAT-iON OF ThE mENTAL cREAT-i.~E e~ORT TOWARDS
    (1B) eNL-iGHTEOMENT. tHE NON-ABANDON-iNG OF L-iV-iNG B~-iNGS/
         MEANS A PRACT-iCC CBARACTER-iZHT BY A GRCAT COMPASS-iON AND
         ABSTENT-iON FROM DO-iNG HARM TO DEMONS (AMANUSYA/ M-i-MA-Y-iN)
         AND OThERS/ BY WH-iCH ONE BECOMES FRCC FROM ANY SORT OF -iLL-
         W-iSh TOWARDS L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS/ AND MAKES ThEM ENTET ON ThE
         pATh OF eNL-iGHTENMENT. tHE ThEORY OF AB-iT-iNG -iN ThE wO-iD/
         OR sUNYATA/ (MEANS) F-iRSTLY/ ThE ABANDONMENT OF ThE V-iEW
         ~1VH-iCH MA-iNTA-iNS ThE SUBSTANT-iAL-i~Y OF ThE AGGREGATE (OF ThE
         ELEMENTS)/ WH-iCH CONST-iTUTE ThE -iND-iV-iDUAL STREAM (SANTANA/
         RAN-RGYUD)/ AND SECONDLY/ ThE NON-ACCEPTANCE OF ThE NOT-iON
         OF ThE TEAL-iTY AND SUBS~NT-iAL-iQ OF OThET L-i~R-iNG BE-iN~S. nOW/
         ON WHAT GROUNT -iS SUCH A PRACT-iCE CALLED G~ YUL? iN ThE
                                                                          p.982
         aBH-iDHAMALAKO'~A w/ 34H pH~A RGYAS SPANS-PA mA-Y-iN-DAL-i(
         YUL N-i NE-BA~ GNAS-PA DAN (TShUL-BZ-iN MA-Y-iN Y-iD-BYED-LAS)
         NON-MONS RGYU-N-i TShAN BL Y-iN. aBH-iDHARMAKOSA/ TRANSL-iLTCD
         BY l. DE LA wALLEE pOUSS-iN/ w/ 34 P. 7~ (pAR-iS-lOUVA-iN/
         L925() -iT -iT SA-iD ~dCF-iLEMENT (KiCS~) OR-iG-iNATCS FRON1
         ATTACBMCNTS TANUSAY~/ PHRA--GYAS~/ ThE PR~SCNCE (PRATYUPA-
         SThANA/ NE-BAR GNA~PA) OF CXTCRNAL OBJECTS/ AND A WRONCR/
         CONCEPT-iON OF ThEM." tHAT WH-iCH -iS TO BC CUT (-iS) dEF-iLE-
         N1ENT (KLESA/ NON-MONS). iF ThESC dEF-iLEMENTS HAVE OR-iG-iNATED
         FROM ATTACHMENTS/ ~STCRNAL OBJECTS/ AND WRONG CONCEPT-iONS
         OF ThEM/ ThE YOG-iN/ AS SOON AS HE CONT~CTS AN EXTERNAL OBJECT
         AND RCUSES (-iN H-iMSELF) PAST -iNCL-iNAT-iONS (VASANA/ BAG-CHAGS)/
         ShOULD REMOVE (L-iT. CUT ASUND~R) ThE dEF-iLEMENT/ WH-iCH WAS
         PRECCDCD BY A WRONG CONCEPT-iON (OF ThE CXTERNAL OBJECT).
         fOR Th-iS REASON Th-iS SYSTEM WAS CALLED G~OD-YUL (L-iT. OBJECT-
         CUTT-iNG).
            tHE SECRET PRECEPTS OF ThE SYSTEM WERE H-iNDED ã¹3OWN
         FROM dAM-PA. tHE (PRCCEPTS) WH-iCH WERE HANDED DOWN BY
         SkYO BsOD-NAMS BLA-N1A AND rAM-PAR SET-PO OF yAR-KLUNS/
         WCRC CALLED pHO-G~OD/ OR ~mALC G~HOD." tHOSE HANDED
         DOWN BY mA-GC-iG (lH~BS-SGRON-MA) WERE CALLED mO-~/~OD/ OR
         ~'fEMALE G~HOD." dAM-PL s~N~RGYAS USED TO SAY ThAT L-E
         HAD G-iVEN ThREE WORjS O~ FR-iENDLY ~CLV-iCC (SN-ing-GTAM) TO mA-
         ~O N~HOD-GNAS-M~ ~T TL~E RCS-iDENCE OF rOG-~A OF yAR-KL~LNS.
         tHROUGH ThEM ShE ATTA-iNED EMLNC-iP~T-iON. sHE HERSELF USED
         TO S~Y T-iTAT ShE HAD OBTA-iNED EMANC-iP~T-i/)N T~ROUGH ThEN1.
         sHE/ ~ NATURAL YO~/-iM/ PREACHED NUMEROUS SECRET PRECEPTS OF
         HER OWN. nOW/ WHY -iS -iT ThAT ONC ~ND ThE SAME Th-iNG wAs
         CALLED BY TWO D-iLeCRENT NLMCSH SpYOD/ OR ~PRACT-iCE"/ AN~L
         G~OD/ OR "CUTT-iNG ASUNDCR~" sUCH -iS ThE CASE OF OThER TEXTS
         ALSO. fOR -iNSTANCC/ ThC lORD O~ wEALTh (nOR-GY-i BDAG-PO)
         WAS SOMET-iMES CALLED wA-iSRAVANA/ WH-iCH MEANS ~sON O~ RN-
         -iNG'/ (RnAM-ThO.~KY-i BU~/ AND SOMET-iMES CALLED wA-iSRAN1ANA/
    (2A) WHLCH MEANS ~sON OF rCST/' (~AL~ KY-i BU~. qLSO ONE AND
         ThE SAME PERSON WAS SON1CT-iL11ES CALLED n-iGABODL~-i/ MEAN-i-i1G
         "tHE eNL-iGHTENMENT OF A nA~A" ~KlU/-i BYANCBUB)/ ~L~D
                                                                          p.983
         SOMCT-iL~1CS CALLED nAGABUDDB-i/ WH-iCH MEANS ~nAGA/S W-iSDOM/'
         (KlU/-i-BLO). iN PART-iCULAT/ -iN ThE ~R;-sAMPUTATANTRARAJAT-iKA-
         MNAYAMANJAR-i-NAMA (mAN-NA~ SNE-MA/ tG. RgYUD/ nO. 1 198)
         ThC WORD PHABA (Th-iS SECMS TO BE A CORRUPT-iON OF ThE sANS-
         KR-iT P;ThA) -iS EXPLA-iNED BY TWO WORDSH /ThUN-SPYOD/ OR ~DR-iNK
         AND PRACT-iCE/" AND 'ThUN-GCOD/ OR "DR-iNK & EAT" (tHUN~COD
         -iS A TERM USED TO DES-iGNATE A GROUP O~ SAERED PLACES -iN ThE
         L-iST OF 24 sAERED pLAEES /tHUN-GCOD/ NE-BA/-i /ThUN-GCOD/
         Z-iN/ NE-BA/-i Z-iN/ GRON-N~ThA" NE-BA/-i GRON-MThA'/ ETE. sEE bU-
         STON GsUN-'BUM/ VOL. wL (~HHA)/ F~L. 2GA). oNE ShOULD
         UNDERSTAND (SpYOD AND G~OD) -iN A S-iM-iLAR MANNER.
            lABS-SGRONaH HER NAT-iVE PLACE ~WAS) kHE/U GAN. sHE WAS
         BO~N EO FAThER ~HO~BLA ~ND MOThER KlUNS-MO 'bUM-LCAm.
         iT -iS SA-iD ThAT ShE WAS ThE S-iSTER OF ThE LO-TSA-BA kHE'U-~AN
         '~;HOR-LO-GRAGS. sHE RECE-iVED O~D-iNAT-iON -iN HER CH-iLDHOOD -iN
         ThE PRESENEE OL gRA-PA N1~ON-S~S. sHE WAS AN EXPERT RE~DER/
         AND FOR A CONS-iDERABLE T-iME ACTED AS READER O~ ThE pRAJNAPARA-
         M-iTA FOR gRA-PA. aS A RESULT OF READ-iNG ThE pRAJNAPARAM-iTA
         A ELEAR V-iS-iON OF ThE wO-iD (~UNYATA) WAS PRODUCED -iN HER.
         aBOUT ThAT T-iME ShE N1CT dAM-PA. sHE BE-iNG AN C~YERT
         READER/ CAME ONEE TO /dA~ BU TO RCAD (A SACRED TEXT). a
         NAT-iVE OF G~ER-GTON NAmED tHOD PA /bA/-RE (tHOD-PA bHA~RA.
         sC ~-i-BYED ~HOS-'BYUN/ FOL. 2;B)/ WHO BELONGCD TO A ~AM-iLY
         -iN WH-iCH SOME 23 KALYâƒNA-M-iTRAS HAD APPEARED -iN SUCCCSS-iON/
         CAME ThERE TO YERFORM A R-iTE. sHE HAD -iNTERCOURSE w-iTh ThE
         N~AN/ ~ND ThEY BECAME HUSBAND AL~D W-iFE/ AND ThE TWO WENT
         TO kON PO. pCOPLE USED TO ABUSE HER BY CALL-iNG HER ~1110
         BkA/-LOG-MA (A '~NUN WHO HAD V-iOLATED HER VOWS") (sEC ~-i-
         BYCD CHOS-/BYUN/ FOL. 27AH ~uNABLE TO STAND -iT/ ThEY WENT
         TO kON-PO/'). a DAUGHTER WAS BORN TO ThEN1/ WHO RECE-iVED
         ThE NAME OF kON-LCA~ lADY OF kON-PO/'). eN ROUT~ TO lA-
         BAR ~NOThCR DAUGHTER WAS BORN TO ThEM/ WHO RECE-iVCD ThE
         NAME O~ lA-LCAM (~lADY OF ThE pASS"). wHEN ThEY CAME TO
         GyE/ ThREE SONS WERE BORA (TO ThEM) AT gAngS-PAR SpEL-C-iG-N1AH
         S~-ing-PO GRUB-PA/ gMB-CBUN AND yAN-GRUB. lATER ShE AGA-i-i-
         DRESSED AS A NUN/ AND ShAVED HET HEAD. sHE OBTA-iNED ThE -i~ -iA-
                                                                          p.984
         T-iON OF ThE cYCLE OF mAYA FROM SkYO BsOD-NAMS BLA-MA/ WHO
         WSS RETURN-iNG FROM A V-iS-iT TO kHAMS. wH-iLE ShE WAS S-iTT-iNG
         -iN ThE ASSEMBLY DUR-iNG ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON/ A YOG-iC -iNS-iGHT WAS
         PRODUCED -iN HER. sHE STOPPED L-iSTEN-iNG TO ThE REMA-iN-iNG
         PORT-iON OF ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON T-iTE/ AND WEN~ OUTS-iDE. tHEN OThERS
         SA-iDH ~sHE D-iDN/T COMPLETE HET -iP-iT-iAT-iON L" bUT ThE tEACHET
         SA-iDH ~sHE WENT AWAY HAV-iNG OBTA-iNED ThE -iN-iT-iAT;ON~ OF ThE
         MEAN-iNG/ BUTYOU HA~E OBTA-iNED ThE -iN-iNAT-iON OF ThE VVOTD
         ONLY ! '/ HTER ShE RECE-iVED ORD-iNAT-iON/ AND STAYED AT VAR-iOUS
         PLACES ACCORD-iNG TO HER DES-iRE/ PREACH-iNG H-iDDEN PRECEPTS TO
    (2B) HER D-iSC-iPLES. iN PART-iC~LAT/ ShE MADE A LONG STAY -iN ThE
         CAVE OF zAHSR-i k~ DMAR (-iN lHO-KHA/ NOWADAYS ThE NAME
         -iS WR-iTTEN z~R-i MkHAR-DMAR. tHE PLACE -iS FAMOUS FOR A
         BEAUT-iFUL -iMAGE OF mA-GC-iG lABS-SGRON-MA) ATTENDED BY ThE
         L~DY GyAG-MO. iN Th-iS MANNER ShE F-iLLED ThE COUNTRY OF
         t-iBET ~V-iTh ThE H-iDDEN PTECEPTS OF GL~OD/ AND PASSED AWAY AT
         ThE SGE OF 95.
            wHEN d~M-PA (sANS-RGYAS) V-iS-iTED t-iBET/ FOUR BLACK
         B-iRDS iQEW ROUND dAM-PA. wHEN ThEY WERE SEEN COM-iNG/
         ThEY TRANSFORMED ThEMSELVES -iNTO FOUR DAK-iMSH lABS-SGRON
         OF GyE/ mA-~LO bYAN-CHUB OF uPPER G~AL/ ~AN-MO RGYAL-
         MTh-iN OF GtSAN/ AND SmYON-MA (ThE ~-m~D oNE") Oe lHA-SA.
         O MO bYAN-CHUB OF uPPER G~AL (POSSESSED) A CLEAR UNDER-
         STAND-iNG OF ThE (uLT-iMATE) sTATE OF nATURE. w-iTh ThE HELP
         OF HER BENE~RDENT M-iND ShE GTEATLY SP~EAD ThE dOCTR-iNE OF ThE
         bUDDHA.
            ~AN-MO RGYAL-MTh-iN/ sHE BE-iNG AFFL-iCTED BY GR-iEF AFTET
         HER HUSBAND/S DEATh/ dAM-PA BESTOWED ~ON HER) ThE PTECEPTS
         WH-iCH TE~CH ThE ABSENCE OF A L-iNK ('BRELMED) BETWEEN N1-iND
         AND OBJECT (DNOS)/ AND ShE OBTA-iNED EMANC-iPAT-iON.
         lBA-SA/-i SmYON-MA (ThE ~mAD oNE O~ lHA-SA")H ShE USED
         TO XTTLE D-iSPUTES AMONG ThE FOLLOWERS OF ThE dOCTR-iNE/ AND -iS
         SA-iD TO BAVE BEEN ThE PERSON WHO HAD ShOWN ThE k-iNG'S
         w-iLL (RgYAL-PO/-i BkA/-CHEMS) TO aT;SA (-iN ThE ~sTOTRA OF
         aTLSA/" COMPOSED BY /bROM-STON/ -iT -iS SA-iDH GAN-DU RGYAL-
         PO/-i BkA/-CHEMS GTER TU SBA~ (MkHA'-/GROS GTER-KHA-PHYES-NA~
                                                                          p.985
         KHYOD-LA GTADJsAKYA MU-N-i/-i /)A/-SA KHYOD-KHY-i DR-iN(). tT-C
         GRCAT ~sONS/' ON WHOM PRECEPTS ~ERE BCSTOWED BY lAB~
         SGTONaH FROM uPPET yAR (KLUNS~--S~AGS-PA RGYAL-MTShAN;
         FROM lOWER yAR ~-KLUNS)--aN-STON r-iN-CHEN-/BAR; FROM
         m-iDDLE yAR (-KLUNS)--dRE-NA ~SRAS AND sUD-BU LO-TSA-BA--ThC
         fOUT; RgYAL-BA gRU~BE/ RtOGS-LDAN RdOLPO/ sANS-RGYAS G~AN-
         CHUN/ AND MnO-SGOM CHEN~ ThE fOUR; bYA-STON KlU-SGRUB/
         kHU-SGOM L~HOS-SEN/ SnUBS-MO nAM-MKHA/-GSAL/ gRA-PA
         hA~STON/ sA-STON RdOR-~DZ-iN/ SpO-BA SgOM-CHEN/ ~AG-G-i
         DBAN-PHYUG O~ dAGS-PO TShON-SDC/ RtS-i-RGYAL-BA OF /pHAN-
         YUL/ ANT MANY OThERS.
    (3A)    (hER) SON gRUB-CHEH iN ThE BEG-iNN-iNG HE WAS VERY
         M-iSCH-iCVOUS/ AND BECAME KNOWN AS ~gTU~BE/ ThE eNEMY OF
         gOATS"/ rA-DGRA GTUB-BA (BECAUSE HE USED TO STE~L ALL ThE GOATS
         OF ThE V-iLLAGERS). oN ONE OCCAS-iON HE STOLE A GOAT BELONG-
         -iNG TO ThE MAG-iC-iAN OF StENS-KA-BA. aFTER HC HAD HEARD ThAT
         ThE MAG-iC-iAN HAD PERFORMED A MAG-iC R-iTE D-iRECTED AGA-iNST H-iM/
         AND ThAT MANY OF H-iS FR-iENDS HAD D-iED FROM -iT/ HE ThOUGHT ThAT
         H-iS MOThER POSSESSED ThE MEANS TO PRCyENT ThE HATM/ AND TO
         WENT TO H-iS MOThER/S RES-iDENCE. tHC MOThER SA-iD TO H-iMH ~yOU
         ShOULD BE DEAD!" AND SAY-iNG SO/ ShE RAN AWAY. sHC ThEN
         WENT TO C-iRCUMAMBULATE ThE mOUNT tShA-Th~N. wHEN ShE
         RETURNCD AT DUSK TO HER CAVE/ gTUB-BE WAS ~OOK-iNG FOR (H-iS)
         MOThER. tHE MOThER AND SON MET -iN ThE CAVE/ AND ThE MOThER
         SA-iDH ~yOU ARE NOT W-iThOUT LUCK!/' sHE ThEN -iMPARTED
         PRECEPTS TO H-iM/ AND SA-iDH ~nOW YOU ShOULD L-iE DOWN UNDER
         ThE TABLE W-iTh ThC OF~ER-iNGS OF ThE SOTCERET. wHEN HE W-iLL
         PLACE ThE OFFER-iNGS ON ThE TABLE/ E~T ThEM i" hE D-iD SO/ AND
         ThE MAG-iC POWCR STRUCK BACK AT ThE SORCERER. aT ThE AGE
         OF 42/ HE ENTERED ThE gATE OF ThE dOCTR-iNE. a~TER ThAT HE
         PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON AND PENETRATED ThE MEAN-iNG OF ThE
         uLT-iMATE eSSENCE ~HOS-N-iD/ ThE aBSOLUTE~. hE COMPOSED
         ThE FOLLOW-iNG VERSEH
                   mOThER/ WHO F-iRST CREATED MY BODY AND M-iND/
                   mOThER/ WHO PROV-iDED ME W-iTh V-iCTUALS/
                   wHO HAS LAST -iNTRODUCED MY M-iND/
                                                                          p.986
            i SALUTE AND PRA-iSE ThE GRAC-iOUS mOThER!" (tHE QUOTAT-iON
         -iS FOUND -iN ThE 7-i-BA lAM-BAB/ A FAN1OUS BOOK ON GcOD).
         lATER HE STAYED AT ThE MONASTERY O~ GyE-CHUng GlAng-LUN/
         FREE ~ROM ALL HYPOCR-iSY/ AND BECAME A Z-iG-PO/ OR ~MAD ASCET-iC/'.
         hE WA-i ABLE TO SUBDUC D~MONS BY H-iS BLESS-iNG. hE WAS
         ABLE TO PRODUCE W-iSDOM -iN ALL H-iS D-iSC-iPLES. hE PASSED AWAY
         AT ThE AGC O~ 89. hE HAD ThREE SONS tShE-DBAN/ kHU-
         BYUG AND RnAi-/BYOR-GRAGS (BORN OL H-iS L-iRST ~R-iFE). kHAM-BU
         YAL-LE WAS BORN OF ~NOThCR W-iFE. oF tShE-DBAng/S ThREE SONS/
         RgY;LL-B;~ stOLL-GzUngs L-iVED -iN r-i-MO-N1~LO O~ dAGS-PO/ AS
         FORETOLD BY H-iS UNCLE. tHOD-SMYON BsAM-GRUB (sHAM-PO-GAngS
         -iN yAR-kLUNS/ sAN1-PO/ N. OF sH-iVA) ~ AS KNOWN AS ThE ~sNOW-
         N1AN (GAngS-PA) RES-iD-iNG ON sH~ PO-GAL-iS" (sHAM-PO-GAngS LA
         BZUGS-PA/-i GAngS-PA). SkYE-N1ED 'OD-GSAL DWEL~ AT a-/O-MDO
         -iN uPP~R G~AL. tHOD-SMYON BsA~ GRUB ~OUGHT -iN H-iS
         YOUTh -iN GyE AND yAR-kLUNS/ AND COULD NOT BE DCFEATED BY
         ANY ONE. hAV-iNG FALLEN -iLL W-iTh LEPROSY/ HE PRACT-iSED
         MED-iT~T-iON -iN Th~ SNOWS OF bA-YUL. hE W~S CURED
         OF LEPROSY/ AS A SNAKE ShEDS -iTS SK-iN. hE SLEPT NAKED
         ON ThE SNOW O~ ~AM-PO/ AND WHEN ThE SNOW MELTED/
         H-iS (BODY) SUNK DEEP -iNTO -iT. pEOPLE ThRCW YAK TA-iLS
         TO H-iM/ AND HE USED ThEM TO MAKE A GARLMENT AND MAT FOR
         H-iMSELF. hE ALSO WORE A TA-iL AS H-iS HAT. tHE FASh-iON OF
         ThE BLACK HAT OF gAL-iS PAS OR-iG-iNATED W-iTh H-iM. hE SUBS-iSTED
    (3B) ON WATER ONLY. lATER AT cHU-RGYUD~ KLLLR HE PARTOOK OF
         CARR-iON. aT dR~ng-L>A/ HAV-iNG FOUND SCARS ON ThE NOS~
         OF A LEPER/ HE SUCKED ThEM/ ~ND H-iS EYES F-iLLED W-iTB TE~RS.
         s-iNCE ThAT T-iN~ H-iS FORTUNE -iNCRE~SED. hE PRES-iDED OVER A
         tANTR-iC FEAST LLEKL BY DLK-iN-iS ~T hA'O-GAngS AND ~O-MO kL~-
         R~G. hE P~OH-iB-iTED ThE K-iLL-iNG OF W-iLD AN-iMALS AND F-iSh-iNG
         -iN ThE H-iLLS/ FRON~ s-iL N1A-LA-KHA AS FAR AS ~-iOL-i-DAng-L;L. hE
         BU-iLT A HOSP-iCE AND PROV-iDED FOOD/ PROTECTED ThE dOCTR-iNE/
         AND BECAME ~ MATCHLESS SA-iNT (S-iDDHA). hE HAD 21 MALE
         AND FEMALE D-iSC-iPLES/ ~ND 18 DAUGHTERS-S-iDDHLS -iN1ONd ThEMH
         gAngS-PA Dm-i-YAN WAS A MATCHLESS ONE. aT ThE AGE OF 14/
         WHEN HE W-iShED TO GO TO tSA-R-i/ H~ WAS TOLD BY ThE LMA-NLO
                                                                          p.987
         BdC-LDANaH ~sRAY ON ThE SNOW-PE~K OF s~M-BU/ AND
         -iM-iTATE (YOUR) FAThER! / hC REMA-iNED. wHEN K~ WAS GO-iNG
         TO kHRA YE-GAngS/ H-iS GARMENTS WERE DREN.HED BY A PO-iSONOUS
         ShOWCR. aFTER FORD-iNG A R-iVER/ HE FCLT A V-iOLCNT STOMACH
         ACHE. h~ LAY DOWRL/ PRESS-iNG H-iS STOMACH AGA-iNST A COLD
         STON~/ AND FELL ASLEEP. aT ONCC HE WAS CUTED OF ThE -iLLNESS.
         hE ACTED AS MED-iATOR BETWEEN t-iBET (bOD) AND GsS-GYU.
         hE ACCEPTED FROM NON1ADS EWES ONLY (-iN ORDER Tq FREE ThEM.
         a COMMON PRACT-iCE AMONG t-iBETAN LAM~S~. iT -iSSA-iD HE
         HAD MOR~ ThAN A ThOUSAND ShEPHCRDS/ WCAR-iNG QU-iVERS. tHUS
         HC BE~AME ThE WEALTh-iEST MAN. hE -iNTRODUCED ThE CUSTOM
         OF ThE CONT-iNUOUS REC-iTAT-iON OF ThE BkA/-/GYUR. aFRER H-iS
         CREMAT-iON/ NUMEROU-i RCL-iCS WERE LE~T BEH-iND. h-iS SON (WAS)
         gANS-PA lHUN-GRUB. hE SPENT N-iNE YEARS AT ~AM-BU -iN
         N1CD-iTAT-iON/ UNSE~N BY MEN. hE MADE A ROUND O~ 108
         DANGEROUS PLACES/ AND D-iD AWAY W-iTh ThE APPREHENS-iON ~OF
         DEMONS). iT -iS TO BE NOT~T TL-AT HE WORE WH-iTE SLECVES (NOT
         A TEL-iG-iOUS VCSTMENT). aT ThE T-iME OF H-iS DEATh MANY REL-iCS
         WERE RECOVERED (FROM TL~E AShES). h-iS SON sANS-RGYAS BSTAN-
         BSRUR;SH wHCN H~ WAS ThREC/ HE ACCOMPAN-iED H-iS FAThCR.
         fROM ThE AGE OF 12/ HE W/.S -iNSTALLED BY GODS/ DEN~ONS AND
         MEN. hE MASTCRED ThE SpYOD-YUL AND RdZOGS-CHEN/ SUCH AS
         ThE yAng-BDA;/ (A Râ¥-ing-LNA DE-iTY/ ONC OF ThE BkA/-BRGYAD)/
         ThE gAB-PA (gAB-PA-MngON-PHYU~ ANLE O~ A R~-iN-MA BOOK)/
         ANT ThE cYCLE O~ aVALOK-iTESV~RA/ SUCH AS ThE tHUGS-KY-i N-iR;-
         KHU/ ThE GsAN LDAN ('~M-DPAL GSAR;-LDAN/ aRYA-mARLJUSRLNAMA-
         SAngG-iT-iSUDHANA/ tG. RGYUD/ nO. 2579)/ AND OTL~E~ cYCLES OF
         yOGA. hE M~STEREA ThE tShE-BDAG (A R~';L-iN-MA DE-iTY; N. OF A
         PROP-iC-iAT-iON R-iCE)/ AND OThER TEXTS/ ANj OBTA-iNED TBE FAME O~
    (4A) ONE ABLE TO CONJURE AND CREATE STOTMS. hE ALSO CSTABL-iShED
         AN UN-iNTETTUPT~D PREACH-iNG -iN ThE LOW~R PART Oe ThE wAL!EY~ A
         ED-iTAT-iVE SCHOOL -iN ThE UPPER PART O~ ThE wALLEY AND A
         MONAST-iC COLLEGE -iN ThE N1-iDDLE PART OF Th- wALLEY. hE
         PROTECTED ThE DOCTR-iNE OF H-iS FAThER AND GRAL D~AThER/ AND
         BECAME -iTS M~STER. a~TER H-iS DE~Th/ NUMEROUS R~L-iCS WCRE
         RECOVEREL (FROM ThE AShES). sAngS-RGY~S BSTON-BSRUngS HAD
                                                                          p.988
         FOUR EXCELLENT SON~H RtOGS-LDAN r-iN-CHEN XN-GE/ ThE S-iDDHA
         T~HHOS-SGTO RAS-PA/ /kBRUL-Z-iG DgE.BSES BYAR-PO/ AND RgYUD-
         'DZ-iN RDO-T~E. hE LATTER ON TEACH-iNG EHE AGE OF 3.
         DEVELOPED ThE FACULQ O~ PRESC-iENCE. aT ThE A;/E O~ S/ HE
         MASTETED MED-iTAT-iON/ AND WAS ABLE TO PREACH ThE dOCTR-iNE.
         aT ThE AGE OF 15/ HE PE~FORMED A FUNERAL R-iTE/ AND TOOK
         OVER ThE CHA-iT OF H-iS FOREFAThERS. aT ThE AGE OF 16/ HE HELD
         A REL-iG-iOUS ASSEMBLY AT lHO-RGYUD (sOUThERN RE~-iON)/ AND
         BECAME FAMOUS AS A LEAMCD M~N. hE PREACHED ThE dOCTR-iNE
         EXTENS-iVELY. aT ThE AGE OF 17/ HE PRLCT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON ON
         ThE SNOW-PEAK OF ~AM-BU. aMONG H-iS NUMEROUS l-iNEAGE-
         HOLDERS (RgYUD-'DZ-iN) WAS H-iS SON gANS-KHROD RAS-PA. h-iS
         NAME WAS SkAL-LDAN RDO-RJE. fROM ThE AGE OF 3/ HE MASTERED
         ThE REL-iG-iOUS PRAET-iCE (SPYOD-LAM). wHEN HE WAS 7/ H-iS
         FAThER D-iED/ AND HE JOURNEYED TO GsAL-RJE-GANS -iN COMP~NY OF
         SpRUL-SKU SkY-iD-/BULN. aT ThE AGE O~ 1 L/ HE OBTA-iNED MANY
         EXPOS-iT-iONS OF ThE (NATURE) OF ThE m-iND/ HEADED BY ThE
         a-TO kHR-iT-MO-CHE (tHC gREAT ~XPOS-iT-iON OF a-RO(A R~-iN-
         MA BOOK(). hE PTACT-iSED ASCET-iC-iSM AND SELF--iMMUREMENT.
         aT ThE AGE Oe 1~/ HE WAS NOM-iN~TED TO ThE ABBOT/S CHA-iR
         OF H-iS FAThER. fROM ThE AGE OF 15 TO 26/ HE STAYED AT
         sAM-BUGANS. fROM ThE AGE OF 26/ FOR 1 ~ YEARS/ HC S~CURED
         MANY tEACH-iNGS/ H-iDDEN DOCTRHLES AND MASTERED ThEM. hE
         LABOURED GREATLY FOR ThE WELFARE OF OThETS/ AND PASSED AWAY
         -iN Th~ YEAT wATER-fEMALE-oX (CHU-MO-GLAN) AT ThE AGE O~ 7 i.
         aMONG tHOD-SmYON/S SONS AND DAUGHTERSH zLOS nAM-
         MKHA/-RGYAN/ gANS-PA mU-YAN/ AND StON-/TShCR. SkAL-
         LDAN-PA BECAME A D-iSC-iPLE O~ ThC ThREE/ BROThERS AND S-iSTER.
         /bM-PO mYAN T~HO~KY-i SEN-GE BECAME H-iS D-iSC-iPLE. tHEN
         sA-STON RDOR-/DZ-iN/ s~NS-RGYAS mYAN-STON/ AND SkAL.LDAN-PA;
    (4B) FURTBER dUR-KHROD-'OG-PA RtOGS-LDAN DOL-PO/ AND GtSAN-PA
         mAN-GTO-BA/ WHO YREACHED TO GyE-STON sAN-RGYAS OF lHO-BRAG
         SR-iBS-MO SER-PHUG. tHE LATT~R TAUGHT -iT TO SgOM-PA G~UN-
         CBUN-PA. mA-GC-iG/S D-iSC-iPLE kBU-SGOM CHOS S~NaH HE WAS
         A NAT-iVE OF S~E-MO-KHU/ AND L-iSTENED (TO ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF
         ThE DOCTR-iNE) OF ThE ~gREAT aCH-iEVEMENT'/ (RdZOG~CHEN)/ AND
                                                                          p.989
         PRACT-iSED SOLELY MED-iTAT-iON. lATCR HE OBTA-iNED FROM mA-GC-iG
         ThE cYCLE OF mED-iTAT-iON O~ ThE dAK-iN;S (MkHA/-/GRO NAMS-KY-i
         SKOR). wHEN ~HA-GC-iG GREW OLD/ HE USED TO MASSA~E HCT
         FECT/ AND SEE-iNG ThAT ShE WAS NOT TO L-iVE LONG/ HE ASKCD HER TO
         -iMPART TO H-iM ThE COMPLETE DOCTR-iNE (OF G~OD). aCCORD-iNGLY
         ShE -iMPARTED TO H-iM ThE PRECEPTS O~ ThE mEAN-iNG OF ThE
         l-iNEAGE OF ThE tEACH-iNG. sHC ALSO FORETOLD H-iM ThAT HE WOULD
         BENEF-iT OThERS. mA-GC-iG SA-iDH ~yOU ShOULD G-iVE Th-iS TO dON-
         GRUB (sON O~ mA-GC-iG) ALSO." hE ThOUGHT ThAT HE HAD TO
         PTCACH ThEM TO ThE LATTER/ BUT ThE LATTCR D-iD NOT W-iSh TO L-iSTEN
         (TO DLE PRECCPTS)/ AND FOR Th-iS RCASON -iT -iS SA-iD ThAT dON-GRUB
         D-iD NOT POSSESS ThE MCAN-iNG OF ThE ~l-iNEAGEOF tEACH-iNG."
         hE FELL -iLL W-iTh LEPROSY/ AND PROCEEDED TO PERFORM ThE GcOD
         R-iTE AT A SPR-iNG CALLED cHHU-M-iG NAG.PO MThON BA DUG-Z-iN.
         aFTER ThREE DA~S/ HE SAW A V-iS-iON ThAT H-iS HEART WAS T~KEN OUT/
         AND CARR-iED AWAY. aFTER S-i~C DAYS HE SAW ThAT -iT WAS G-iVEN
         BACK (TO H-iM). oN ThC SEVENTh DAY ThE LEPRO~Y ~VAS COMPLETDY
         CURED. hE PASSED AWAY AT ThE AGE OF 10.
            h-iS D-iSC-iPLE dOL-PA zAN-DLALH HE WAS A NAT-iVE OF 'tShUR-
         PHU. h-iS CLAN (WAS) dOL. hE WAS ThE YOUNGEST OF FOUT
         BROThERS. iN H-iS YOUTh HE STUD-iED UNDER ThE KALYANA-M-iT~A
         kHYUN FOR E-iGBT YC~RS ThE ~s-iX tEXTS OF ThE mAThYAMAKA'/.
         hE WAS HOP-iNG ThAT HE WOULD BE G-iVEN A NEW EXPOS-iT-iON (OF
         ThC DOCTR-iNE)/ AND WHEN Th-iS D-iD NOT HAPPEN/ HE FELT D-iS
         APPO-iNTED. hE ThEN PRCSENTED H-iS tEACHER W-iTh H-iS BOOKS/
         AND -iMAGES/ AND PUT ON ThE WH-iTE DRESS (OF A LAYMAN). hE
         ThEN ThOUGHT ThAT HE ShOULD PRACT-iSE MED-iTAT-iON -iN A HERM-i-
         TAGE. hE MET kHU-SGOM/ AND OBTA-iNED FROM H-iM ThC
         PRCCEPTS OF G~OD. hC USED TO V-iS-iT PLACES -iNFCCTCD W-iTh
         DANGCRS/ AND H;S YOG-iC -iRLS-iGBT BECAN1E EQUAL To ThE sKY. hC
         WAS ThE V-iCTOR -iN DEBATES. pEOPLE UXD TO SAY ABOUC H-iMH
         ~ThERE WAS A iNAN WEAR-iL~G ThE GREY CLOThES (OF A LAYMAN)/
         POSSESS-iNG A PENETRAT-iNG M-iND." hE BECAME KNOWN AS "dOL-
         PA/ ThE pENETRAT-iNG oNE" (dOL-PA zAN-ThAL). iN H-iS LATE~
         L-iFE HE STAYED -iN lOWER lUGS/ PREACHED ThE dOCTR-iNE/ ANT
    (5A) PASSED AWAY AT TBE AGE OF 56.
                                                                          p.990
            h-iS D-iSC-iPLE RgYA-NAG G~ER-BUH HE WAS A NAT-iVE OF kHRA-
         SNA. oN ThE WHOLE/ HE STUD-iED EXTENS-iVELY ThE KXPOS-iT-iON) O~
         ThE dOCTR-iNE. dUR-iNG H-iS EXPOS-iT-iON Oe ThE DOCTR-iNE OF G~OD
         AT ThE MONASTERY OF yAR-KLUNS SKYA/O/ dOL-PA zAN-ThAL CAME
         ThERE AND L-iSTCNED (TO H-iS EXPOS-iT-iON)/ BUT ONLY CONFUS-iON
         AROSE. lATER HE D-iSCOVERED ThAT dOL-PA zAN-TBAL WAS MORE
         LEARNED (ThAN H-iMSELF)/ AND SA-iDH ~i USED TO SON WHEY -iN ThE
         COUNTRY OF CURDS (-i.E. i HAD PREACHED TO YOU WHO oR~ MORC
         LEARNED ThAL ME). nO-~V/ PRAY G-iVE ME ALL OF YOURSL" tHEN
         HE OBTA-iNED ThE COMPLETE cYCL~ OF G~OD OF mA-GC-iG. hE
         USED TO V-iS-iT PLACES -iNFESTED W-iTh DANGERS AND PERFORMED GOOD
         R-iTES AT ThE SPR-iNG (CHU-M-iG) SF SbAL-'DRA OF y~R-KLUNS.
         tHOUGH STRUCK ThR-iCE BY L-iGHTN-iNG/ -iT D-iD NOT HARN1/ AND HE
         WAS FREED FROM B-iS -iLLNESS. hE SUBDUED W-iTh ThE HELP OF ThE
         G(~OD R-iTE ThE bLACK /bA'-RA (N. OF A DEMON). iN LATER L-iFE HE
         LABOURED FOR ThE WELFARE OF OThERS AT ~HHU-BO-R-i. aT ThE AGE
         OF 7O/ HE SA-iDH ~wHEN ONE W-iShES SO N1ERGE ONE/S OWN N1-iND
         -iNTO ThE aBSOLUTE/ ONE sHOUL~L DO -iT -iN Th-iS MANNER/" SAY-iNG
         SO/ A L-iGHT HAV-iNG EMETGED SUDDENLY F~OM TBE CROWN OF H-iS
         HEAD/ HE PASSED OUT. h-iS D-iSC-iPLE WAS s~NS-RGYAS RAB-STON/ A
         NAT-iVE OF BzAN-PHU BRAG-DN1AR. hE POSSESSED AN EXTCNS-iVE
         KNOWLEDGE OF ALL ThE tANTRAS OF ThE "nEW" AND "oLD"
         CL;LSSES. lATER HE OBTA-iNED FROM RgYA-NAG GC~R-BU ThE H-iDDEN
         PRECEPTS OF mA-GC-iG. hAV-iNG G-iVEN UP L-iFE -iN H-iS ThOUGHT/
         HE USED ~HO V-iS-iT HERm-iTAGES ONLY/ AND PASSED AWAY ~T ThE
         AGE OF 80.
            h-iS D-iSC-iPLE sANS-RGYAS DGE-SLONaH HE WAS A NAT-iVE O~
         R~OG-CLN/ AND BCLONGED TO ThE bA-S-i CLAN. hE WAS ORDA-iNED
         -iN H-iS YOUTh/ AND ThROUGH STUDY REMOVED (H-iS) DOUBTS. fROM
         sANS-RGYAS RAB-STON L-E OBTA-iNED ThC cYCLES OF G~OD. hE
         WANDERED ABOUT HERM-iTAGES AND PERCE-iVED CLEARLY ThE uLT-iMATE
         eSSENCE (~HOS-N-iD). hE LOOK~D ~.ER NUMEROUS D-iSC-iPLES/ AND
         PASSED AWAY AT ThE AGE OF 55. h-iS D-iSC-iPLE (WAS) sUM-STON
         RAS-PA WHO WAS A NAT-iVE OF gRA-PHY-i/ OF ThE V-iLLAGE OF bYA.
         ROG TShAN. h-iS FACHER (WAS) TL-E PR-iEST (MCHOD-GNAS) DkON-
         M~HOG iNL H-iS MOThER mON-RE. hE WAS ThE ELDER OF H-iS
                                                                          p.991
         S-iSTER. h-iS NAME (WAS) bYAMS-PA. aT ThE AGE OF S-iX/ HE
         QBTA-iNCD ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON -iNTO TRANS-iC MED-iTAT-iON FROM ThE BlA-
         MA ~AN AT gRA-ThAN/ WHO SA-iD ABOUT H-iMH ~tH-iS ONE W-iLL BE
    (5B) OF BCNEF-iT TO L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS!/' aT ThE AGE OF 15/ H-iS PARENTS
         D-iED. hE WAS AFFL-iCTED W-iTh GR-iEe AND TOOK UP ORD-iNAT-iON AT
         LcAGS-R-i/ AND RECE-iVED ThE NAME O~ BsOD-NAMS SES-RAB. hE
         WAS ALSO CALLED dHARMAVAJRA. hE FOLLOWED ON MORE ThAN FORTY
         TEACHERS/ WHO -iNCLUDED ThE ACâƒRYA BkA'-GDAMS-PA/ M~AN-
         /CHAD-PA/ ~AN LO-TSA-BA/ zAngS-R-i RgYA-RAS-PA/ ThE PAn-CHEN
         âƒK-SR; (~AKYASRâŒ)/ kHAM-BU yAL-LE/ bRA/O LO-LSA/ rOG ~ES-RAB-
         OD/ FAThER AND SON/ AND OThERS. h~ STUD-iED MUCH ThE tANTRAS
         AND sUTRAS. bEFORE HE HAD COMPLETED ThE STUDY OF M-iNOR
         TRADES (R-iGS-PA PHRAN-TShEGS)/ HE FOLLOWED ON 151 TEACHERS/ AND
         MASTERED ThE TRADES/ EVEN ThAT OF A GOLDSM-iCH. a~TER ThAT
         HE FOLLOWED ON ThE BLA-MA dO-PA/ AND AT gYE-RE A DEEP YOG-iC
         -iNS-iGHT WAS PRODUCED -iN H-iM/ BY WH-iCH HE OVERCAME ThE D-iFFER-
         ENT-iAT-iON BETWEEN ThAT WH-iCH -iS TO BE AVO-iDED AND ThAT WH-iCH
         AVO-iDS. ~E ALSO STUD-iED Au ThE SECRET PRECEPTS OF ThE GcHOD
         SYSTEM. h-iS D-iSC-iPLE WAS sAngS-RGYAS STON-PA. tHE LATTER'S D-iS-
         C-iPLE--MkHAS-BTSUN G~ON-NU-GRUB. tHE LATTER/S D-iSC-iPLE--GsER.
         GL-ing-PA BkRA-S-iS-DPAL. tHE LATTER/S D-iSC-iPLE--bRAG-PO CHE-PA
         RdO-RJE-DPAL. tHE LATTER/S D-iSC-iPLE--cHOS-SGO-BA cHOS-KY-i
         RGYA-.NTShO. tHE LATTER/S D-iSC-iPLE--RgOD-PHRUG RAS-PA. h-iS
         ;-iFE-sTORY WAS G-iVEN -iN ThE bOOK ON n-i-GU. tHE dHAR-
         MASVâƒM-iN RgOD-PHRUG RAS-PA GAVE ThE -iNSTRUCT-iONS TO ME.
         fURThER/ RtS-i dAR-MA O~ /pHAN-YUL TAUGHT (ThE G~OD SYSTEM)
         TO m-i-BSKYOD RD~RjE. hE ALSO WROTE TREAT-iSES. tHE dOCTR-iNE
         WAS HANDED DOWN BY H-iM. DpAL MkHA/-SPYOD-PA ALSO
         V.ROTE A TREAT-iSE ~N Th~ H-iDDEN PRECEPTS TO~ GcOD) AS WELL AS
         PR~ACHED ThEM EXTENS-iVELY TO OThERS. tHE dHARN1ASVâƒM-iN
         rAng-BYUng-BA BESTOWED ThEM ON a-MES bYAng-CHUB RDO-RjE.
         t-iLE TATTER BES~OWED ThEM ON H-iS S~N ThE dHARMASVâƒM-iN r-i-
         MA-/BABS-PA (~oNE WHO DOES NOT COME DOWN FR~M ThE MOUN-
         TA-iN") BsOD-NAMS R-iN-CHEN. tHE LATTER BESTOWED ThEM ON
         RNE. tHE ABOVE -iS (JUST) ONE BRANCH.
            aGA-iN/ ONE NAMED dAM-PA DBuS-PA WAS LEARNED -iN ThE
                                                                          p.992
         TEXTS AND PRECEPTS OF BOTh ThE "oiD" AND "nEW" tANTRAS.
         hE ALSO POSSESSED ThE PRECEPRS OF ThE ~-i-BYED/ ThE ~gREAT
    (6A) aCH-iEVEMENTS" (RdZOGS-CHEN)/ AND OThERS. aT F-iRST HE OBTA-iN-
         ED ThE H-iDDEN PRECEPTS OF G~OD FROM mA-GC-iG. a~TER ThC
         DEATh OF ThE mOThER (mA-GC-iG)/ HE ARTENDED FOR ~ 8 YEARS ON
         (HER) SON RgYALBA dONGRUB. hE ALSO COMPOSED A TREAT-iSE ON
         PRECEPTS AND BECAME A mASTER O~ ThE dOCTR-iNE. hE BESTOWED
         ThE PRECEPTS (O~ G~HOD) ON ThE BlA-MA RdO-RJE BD E-BA. tHE
         LATTER WAS AF~ECTED BY A MLG-iC R-iTE (GTAD--A MAG-iC R-iRE WH-iCH
         CONS-iSTS O~ PLAC-iNG AN -iMAGE OF ThE.PERSON AGA-iNST WHOM ThE R-iTE
         -iS BE-iNG PCRFORMED UND~RGROUND) PER~ORMED BY ThE MAG-iC-iAN
         (SNAGS-PA) nAN-RGYAS/ AS A RESULT OF WH-iCH H-iS BODY BECAME
         EMAC-iATED. hAV-iNG HEARD ABOUT ThE FAME OF dAM-PA DBuS-
         PA/ ~E OBTA-iNED ThE PRECEPTS OF G~OD AND PRACT-iSED ThEM.
         hE RES-iDET -iN A ROD~ CAVE HAUNkD BY DEMONS. hE SAW -iN A
         DREAM ThAT AT F-iRST HE WAS F-iGH~-iNG A BLACK MAN/ AND EHAT
         HE REMEMBERED ~UNYATA/ AND WAS ABLE TO DEFEAT H-iM.
         aFTER ThAT A SNAKE CAME OUT OF H-iS NOSE/ AND A SEVERE BLECD-
         -iNG FOLLOWED. iMMED-iATELY AeTER ThAT A YOG-iC -iNS-iGHT -iNTO
         (ThC u-iT-iMATE) nATURE WAS PRODUCED -iN H-iM. h-iS BODY
         (ACQU-iRED ThE POWE~) OF MOV-iNG FASTER ThAN A HORSE. hE
         BESTOWED ThE PRECEPTS ON SgOM-PA G~ON-NU YC-SES. tHE
         LATTER/ ThOUGH POSSESS-iNG MANY PRECEPTS/ WAS AFFL-iCTED BY -iLL-
         NESS/ AND OBTA-iNED ThE PRECEPTS OF GCOD FROM RdO RJE BDE-BA.
         hE USED TO V-iS-iT MANY LOCAL-iT-iES -iNFESTED W-iTh DAN~ERS AND
         OVERCAME H-iS A-iLMENT. a YOG-iC -iNS-iGHT WAS BORN -iN H-iM.
         hE CU~ED N1ANY OF TUBERCULOS-iS (GCON-CAN). hE -iMPARTED
         ThE PRECEPTS (OF G~OD) TO ThE BLA-NLA m-i-BSKYOD RDO-RJE. tHE
         LATTER WAS BOM AT S~E-MO MKHA'-RU. ~1E WAS A tANTR-iC.
         hE WAS HARMED BY A R-iTE OVER A DEAD CORPSE (BAM-SGRUB)
         WH-iCH j-iD NOT SUCCEED/ AND H-iS BODY BECAN1E AFFL;CTED W-iTL
         TUBERCULOS-iS. hE MET ThE BLA-MA G~ON-NU YE-SES/ OBTA-iNED
         ThE PRECEPTS O~ G~HOD/ PRACT-iSED ThEM/ AND RESTORCD H-iS H~ALTh.
         hE ALSO CURED MANY WHO WERE SU~CR-iNG FROM TUB~RCULOS-iS.
         hE BESTOWE~L ThE PRECEPTS (OF G~OD) ON ThE BLA-MA sANS-RGYAS
         STON-PA/ WHO WAS A NAT-iVE OF k~RU O~ SgO~}MA. hE WAS
                                                                          p.993
         ORDA-iNED AT gRO-SA ANT BECAME LEARNCD -iN ThE pRAJNAPSRAM-i~/
         ThE BdEN~N-iS AND -iN ThE SYSTEMS OF RmA/ sO/ AND SkAM.
         fROM m-i-BSKYOD RDO RJE HE OBTA-iNED ThE PRECEPTS OF G~OD
         AND HEARD ThE COMPLETE (TEACH-iNG) OF ThE l-iNCAGE OF mEAN-iNG
         (dON-BRGYUD) O~ ALL ThESE (SYSTEMS). a YOG-iC -iNS-iGHT WAS
         PRODUCED -iN H-iM. hE BESTOWED TThE PR~CEPTS) ON ThE BLA-
         MA lUN-PHRAN-PA CHEN-PO. hE WAS ALSO LEARNED -iN ThE kALA-
         C~KRA AND ThE pRAJNAPARAM-iTA. hE HEARD ThE PRECEPTS (O~
         GcOD) FROM m-i-BSKYOD RDO RJE/ AND PRSCT-iSED ThEM -iN A
    (6B) ThOROUGH MANNER. hE BESTOWED ThEM ON ThE BLA-MA StAN-
         GC-iG-PA G~ON-NU TShULKHR-iMS/ WHO WAS SLSO CALLED /~STAN
         tHAN-PA. i~E F-iRST PROCEEDED TO tHAN-SAG AND RECE-iVED ORD-i-
         RLAT-iON. hC STUD-iET ThE pRASANNAPADA (DBu-MA TSh-iG-GS-AL/
         tG. DBu-MA/ nO. 3860)/ ThE mADHYAMAKAVATARA AND ThE
         tANTR-iC cYCLES BY nâƒGARJUNA UNDER gR-i/-i LUM-PA. fROM ThC
         BLA-MA tHAT-PA-BA AND DpYAL L~TSA-BA HE OBTA-iNED ThE aBH-i-
         DHATMASAMUCCAYA AND ThE aBH-iDHARMAKOSA (Mi;~ON-PA GON-
         /OG)/ ThE pRAJNAPARAM-iTA AND lOG-iC TdGEThER W-iTh ThE BSdUS-
         GRA/' ThE sADHANA/ COMMENTARY AND PRECEPTS OF ThE k~LACAKRA/
         ThE ~-s-iX dOCTR-iNES'/ O~ wAR~HL (pHAG~NO DpYSL~Y-i CHOS-DRUG)
         ACCORD-iNG TO ThE SYSTEM O~ DpYAL. aLSO M-NY tAN~AS AND
         SADHANAS/ SUCH AS ThE GsED-DMAR (~NMADRAKT~R~MAR-iTANTRARAJA-
         NAMA/ kG. RgYUD-/BUM/ nO. 475). wH-iLC ST~Y-iNG AT ~STAN
         TShOGS-PA HE FELL -iLL W-iTh TUBERCULOS-iS. hE OB~-iNED ThE PRE-
         CEPTS O~ G~OD ~ROM ThE BlA-M~ lUN-PHRAN-PA AND MED-iTATED
         -iN A CEMETERY. fORMERLY HE USED TO FALL -iLL/ WHENEVER HE
         FELT COLD/ OR HOT. tHERE HE PRESSED H-iS STOMACH AGA-iNST A
         COLD STONE/ DRANK -iCE~OLD WATER/ AND SLEPT NAKED. hE GA~RE
         UP H-iMSELF SAY-iNGH "iLLNESS (-iS) JOY. dEAD~ (-iS) PLEASURE".
         hE PRACNSED (DLE PRECEPTS OF G~OD) AND ON D~E DE~ENTh DAY
         A FOUL ODOUR CAME OUT O~ H-iS MOUTh. oN DLE ~2Th DAY/
         ABOUT M-iDN-iGHT/ HE VOM-iTTED OUT ALL H-iS A-iLMENTS. aBOUT
         M-iDDAY HE WAS COMPLETELY CURED. w-iTh-iN HALF A MONTh HE
         SUCCEEDED -iN COMPLET-iNG ThE STUDY/ OVERCAME H-iS D-iSEASE/ AND
 1. a COURSE OF eNST-iCS.
                                                                          p.994
         A MYST-iC ~ANCE ~VAS PRODUCED -iN H-iM. wHENEVER HE CAME
         ACROSS FEVER/ PLAGUE/ CANCER (iHOG)/ ThOGSRBCAS AND ThOGS/MED-
         KY-i BDUD (MEANS PHYS-iCAL AND MENTAL H-iNDRANCES)/ HE GAVE
         H-iMSELF UP W-iTh ThE WORDSH "iLLLNESS (-iS) JOY. dEATh (-iS)
         PLEASURE!" hE -iNTENT-iONALLY CONTACTED ThESE D-iSEASES (ThOG-
         'GEL DRAG-PO BYED-PA) AND PRACT-iSED (G~OD). aLL A-iLMENTS AND
         DEMONS USED TO VAN-iSh BY ThEMSELVES. gRCAT WAS ThE BENEF-iT
         TO L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS. hE RES-iDED AT GsERLUN OF SkYAM. hE
         BESTOWED ThE PRECEPTS (OF G~OD) ON ThE BLA-MA BsAM-GTAN-
         DAR/ WHOSE NAT-iVE PLACE WAS UPPER z-iM-S-i OF GyE. hE WAS
         BORN TO FAThET SpO-RA DbON-SEN AND MOThER ~O-MO BsAM-ME.
         fROM H-iS CH-iLDHOOD HE WAS ENDOWED W-iTh FA-iTh/ COMM-iSERAT-iON
         AND W-iSDOM. hE RECE-iVED ORD-iNAT-iON AT ThE RES-iDENCE OF ThE
    (7A) BlA-MA ~STAN-PA. hE MADE A ThOROUGH STUDY OF ThE gUHYA-
         SAMAJA ACCORD-iNG TO ThE METhOD OF nAGARJUNA/ ThE gREAT cOM-
         MENTARY (/gREL-CHEN) BY nA-R~PA (wAJRAPADASARASAMGRAHAPAN-
         J-iKA'/ tG. RgYUD/ nO. 1186)/ ThE pRASANNAPADâƒ/ ThE mâƒDHYA-
         MAKAVATARA/ ThE ~UNYATASAPTAT-iKAR-iK~NAMA (StON-N-iD BDUN-BCU-
         PA/ tG. DBu-MA/ nO.3827)/ ThE ThREE cYCLES OF ThE dOHA/ AND
         ThE bODH-iCARYAVATARA (SpYOD-/~UG). hE OBTA-iNED ThE sADANGA
         (-YOGA) ACCORD-iNG TO ThE METhOD OF tHAR-LO/ ThE pANCAKRAMA
         (r-iM-MA DMAR-KHR-iD-SKOR)/ ThE tHUGS-RjE CHEN-PO-I DMAR KHR-iD
         (NAMC OF A BOOK/ ThE SYSTEM OF tShEM-BU-PA OR tShEM-BU
         DMAT-KHR-iD)/ ThE pHYAG-~HEN gANGA-MA/ ThE BlO-SBYON (m-iND
         pUR-iF-iCAT-iON)/ ThE G~OD-YUL LA'ULAG (N. OF A G~OD TEXT)/ ThE
         GnAN-ThEMS-BKA/-RGYA-MA/ AND OThER cYCLES OF G~OD. hE
         PRACT-iSED ACCORD-iNG TO EACH OF ThEM. dUR-iNG H-iS STUDY OF
         ThE dOCTR-iNE AT GsER-LUN/ HE SUDDENLY FELL SER-iOUSLY -iLL. hE
         TOLD (PEOPLE) TO CARRY H-iM TO A MOUNTA-iN VALLEY/ WHERE HE
         COULD PERFORM ThE G~OD R-iTE. h-iS FR-iENDS CARR-iED H-iM TO A
         PLACE -iNFES~ED W-iTh DANGCRS. tHERC HE PERFORMED ThE G~OD
         R-iTE/ AND A TRANCE WAS PRODUCED -iN H-iM. wHEN ThE KHR-i-DPON
         (COMMANDET OF LO/OOO MEN) OF GyAM-B~ANS CAME FROM ThE
         nORTh/ AND SENT H-iM AN -iNV-iTAT-iON/ HE ThOUGHT ThAT HE ShOULD
         GO AND MEET H-iM. oN ThE WAY TO sHUGS HE HAD A STROKE
         ~GNAM GDON) AND WAS UNABLE TO PROCEED FURThER. ~-iS ATTEN-
                                                                          p.995
         DANT CARR-iED H-iM TO A HERM-iTAGE BY ThE ROADS-iDE. hE ShOWED
         H-iS PULSE TO A MET-iCAL PRACT-iT-iONER (LHA-RJE) WHO SA-iD ThAT -iF HE
         WOULD PERSEVERE -iN ThC TREATMENT/ HE WOULD PCRHAPS REMA-iN
         AL-iVE. bUT HE ANSWEREDH ~-1 DON/T WANT ANY TREATMENT! i
         ShALL CARRY ON REL-iG-iOUS WORK!" aFTER ThAT ThEY CARR-iED H-iM
         TO A ROCK-CAVE NEAR gR-i-MDO. tHERE ALSO A DOCTOR WAS -iNV-iTED/
         WHO SA-iD ThAT HE FA-iLED TO MAKE H-iM TAKE ThE MED-iC-iNE.
         ã¹~dON/T STAY NEAR ME!/' SA-iD HE/ AND ASKED ThEM TO GO AWAY.
         tHEN HE GAVE H-iMSELF UP (TO ThE PRACT-iC~ WH-iCH WAS EXPRCSSED
         BY ThE WORDS)H "iLLNESS (-iS) JOY! dEATh (-iS) PLEASURE!" (NA-
         DGA' S-i-SKY-iD). fROM ThE NEXT MORN-iNG HE BEGAN TO FEEL
         H-iMSELF SL-iGHTLY BETTER. aFTER ThE LAPSE OF 3 OR 4 DAYS/
         kHR-i-CHUN-/OD OF GyAM-BZAR;S CAME ThERE HAV-iNG TAKEN W-iTh
         H-iM A DOCTOR AND ThREE OR FOUR CARCASSES (OF ShEEP). tHE
         DOCTOR EXAM-iNED H-iS PULSE AND DECLA~EDH ~ti-E D-iSEASE HAS
         BEEN CURED! wHAT A GREAT WONDER!'/ h-iS HEALTh BECAME
         EVEN BETTER/ ThAN BEFORE H-iS -iLLNESS. fROM tHAR-PA GL-iN-PA
         HE OBTA-iNED ThE SgROL-MA DKAR-MO/-i TShE-SGRUB (ThE ]ONGEV-iTY
         R-iTE OF ThE wH-iTE tARA) AND ThE kHR-iD-CHEN BRGYAD (DkAR-
         CH~G tSh-iG-G-i ME-TOG/ FOL. 7B). fROM ThE BLA-MA BlO-GROS-
         DP~L HE OBTA-iNED MANY tANTRAS/ SUCH AS ThE gUHYASAMAJA/ ThE
         rAKTA-yAMAR-i/ ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON OF ThE RdO-RJE /PHREng-BA/ ThE
         SbYON-RGYUD (sARVADURGAT-iPAR-iSODHANATEJORAJASYA-tAThAGATA~YA-
         aRHATO-sAMYAKSAMBUDDHASYA KALPA-iKADESA-NAMA/ kG. RgYUD-
         'BUM/ nO.4~S)/ AND OThER TEXTS. fROM ThE BLA MA r-iN-CHEN
         SEN-GE HE OBTA-iNED ThE COMPLETE -iN-iT;AT-iON -iNTO ThE kALACAKRA/
         ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON OF hEVAJRA AND nA-iRATMA/ ThE pATh & fRU-iT
         DOCTR-iNE (lAM-/BRAS)/ TOGEThER W-iTh -iTS BRANCHE~. aT ThE AGE
         OF 31/ HE OCCUP-iED ThE CHA-iR OF ThE BLA-MA ~STAN-PA. fOR
    (7B) TWENTY YEARS HE PREACHED W-iThOUT -iNTERRUPT-iON ThROUGHOUT
         TBE FOUR SE~SONS. hE MADE A ROUND OF LOCAL-iT-iCS -iNFESTED
         W-iTh DANGCRS/ SUCH AS ThE ~biACK lAKE" (MtShO-NAG) OF
         DmAR-RO/ yAR-LHA ~AM-BU/ ETC./ AND PRACT-iSED G~OD. wHEN
         AN -iNTERNEC-iNE WAR BROKE OUT BETWEEN GyA'-(BZANS) AND pHAG-
         (MO-GRU)/ HE FELT SL-iGHTLY AFFL-iCTED -iN H-iS M-iND/ AND FOUNDED
         ThE (MONASTERY) OF idAN-MKHAR DgA/-LDAN. hE OBTL-iNED FROM
                                                                          p.996
         ThE BLA-MA LH~HOS-DPAL MGON-PO ThE COMPLETE -iN-iT-iAT-iON -iNEO
         ThE kâƒLACAKRA/ ThE sADANGA-YOGA (SbYOR-DRUG) ACCORD-iNG TO
         ThE METhOD O~ ~NAN-PA/ AND ThE sCVASADHANA Oe u-RGYAN-PA.
         fROM dRUN cHOS RJE-PA HE OBTA-iNED ThE sADANGA (YOGA) Oe ThE
         MAHAR.LPADHYAYA bU (-STON)/ ThE SYSTEM O~ sRON/ ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON
         -iNTO ThE gUHYASAMAJA/ -iTS EXPOS-iT-iON AND PRECEPTS (BSAD-BKA')/
         AND ThE DEU-iLED (DMAT-KHY-iD) EXPOS-iT-iONS O~ ThE pANCAKRAMA.
         fROM ThE BLA-MA Rt~GS-LDAN-PA HE OBTA-iNED ThE r-i-CHOS-SKOR
         (BELONG-iNG TO ThE ~hERM-iT" DOCTR-iNE OF yAN-DGON-PA / ThE
         sE~ASâƒDHANA/ AND ThE cYCLE OF ThE UP~YA-MARGA. wHEN-
         EVER HE FELT -iLL/ HE NEVER PCRFORMED R-iTES OR TOOK TREATMENT/
         BUT PRACT-iSED SOLELY G~OD. hE L-iVED -iN A HERM-iTAGE W-iThOUT
         COM-iNG DOWN FROM ThE MOUNTA-iN. h-iS FAME ENCOMPASSED
         ThE tEN qUARTERS. tHE dHARMAS~AM-iN m-i-NAG PA r-iN-CHEN
         RGYALMTShAN OBTA-iNED (ThE G~OD DOCTR-iNE) FROM H-iM. SmEN-
         'DOR-BA OF tHELCHOS-SGO (ALSO) OBTA-iNED (-iT) FRORN H-iM.
         tHE cHAPTER ON ThE ã¹-fEMALE/' GcOD (mO-G~OD).
         tHE (l-iNE) KNOWN AS ã¹ mALE/' G~OD (pHO-G~ OD)H--
         tHOUGH SmAR-RA SER-PO OF yAR-KLUNS HAD V-iS-iTED eASTERN
         AND wESTERN iND-iA/ HE D-iD NOT SUCCEED -iN OBTA-iN-iNG ThE
         DOCTR-iNE ~S DES-iRED BY H-iM. hE ThEN BE~R-iENDED SOME TRADERS/
         AND ON ThE WAY TO t-iBET/ CAME ACROSS AN a-TSA-RA (ACARYA/
         LND-iAN ASCET-iC). hE D-iD NOT KNOW WHEThER ThE MAN WAS
         A HERET-iC/ OR A bUDDH-iST. aS H-iS COMPAN-iON HE HAD A KALYANL-
         M-iTRA NAMED D~;LOS-GRUB/ WHO POSSESSED A STAFF MADE OF BLACK
         WOOD (CHU-S-iN) W-iTh NUN1EROUS ORNAMENTS CARVED ON ThE FOUR
         S-iDES. tHE iND-iAN ASCET-iC SA-iD TOH-iMH "KTMEHAVE-iT!"
         AND HE GAVE -iT AWAY. tHEN ThE ASCET-iC SA-iDH ~-tH-iS -iS A
         HERET-iCAL ~VCAPON W-iTh WH-iCH TO PERF~RM M-iRACULOUS DEEDS!
         tHOUGH i KNOW (HOW TO ~VORK -iT)/ -iT -iS USELESS/" AND SAY-iNG
         SO/ HE BROKE ThE STA~. SmA-RA SER-PO ThEN ASKED ThE ASCET-iC/S
         COMPAN-iONaH ~wHO -iS -iT?/' AND ThE LATTER REPL-iEDH ã¹~LT -iS
    (8A) dAM-PA!'/ tHEY (SmA-RA SER-PO AND ThE KALYANA-M-iTRA) D1EN
         ~E1T FA-iTh -iN H-iM/ AND ASKED ~OR -iNSCRUCT-iON -iN ThE dOCTR-iNE.
         tO D~OS-GRUB/ (dAM-PA) -iMPARTED PRECEPTS/ AND AMONG ThEM
         ThE ONE ENT-iDED ã¹~eXTERNAL V-iS-iON SB~OULD NOT BE TAKEN -iNS-iDE/
                                                                          p.997
         ETC." (MEAN-iNG ThAT ThE m-iND ShOULD BE KEPT AWAY FROM OUT-
         S-iDE -iMPRESS-iONS). D~OS-GRUB HAV-iNG BEEN CONV-iNCED/ ACCEPTED
         (dAM-PA) AS H-iS MULA-GURU (RTSA-BA-I BLA-MA). tHEN SmA-RA SER-
         PO REQUESTED -iNSTRUCT-iON -iN ThE dOCTR-iNE/ AND dAM-PA TOLD
         H-iNLH ~a dOCTR-iNE/ jES-iRED BY YOU/ -iS COM-iNG TO YOU -iN ThE
         FUTURE." SmA-R~ SER-PO FOLLOWED AFTER dAM-PA AND REACHED
         idOG-STAG- R-iS. dAM-PA TOOK UP RES-iDENCE -iN A HOSP-iCE/ AND
         MANY PEOPLE CAME To ASK FOR H-iS BLESS-iNG. iN PART-iCULAR/ MANY
         WHO WER~ BL-iND AND DEAF WERE CURED ON ThE SPOT. wHEN SkYO
         sHâƒKYA-YE-SES CAME TO A REL-iG-iOUS ASSEMBLY/ ThERE HAPPENED TO
         COME ALSO TWO SONS OF A R-iCH MAN OF uPPER mYAN (mYAng-STOD)
         WHO WERE ShOW-iNG ThE F-iRST SYMPTOMS OF LEPROSY. tHE TWO
         ERE ENTRUSTED TH) ThE CARE OF SkYO. bUT ThE LATTER WAS ONLY
         SEEK-iNG WEALTh/ AND ThE HEALTh OF ThE CH-iLDREN D-iD NOT
         -iMPROVE. SkYO HEARD ThAT dAM-PA HAD ThE POWER OF CUR-iNG
         -iNSTANDY D-iSEASES. sO HE ASKCD dAM-PAH ~-i HAVE TWO BOYS/
         ThE DEBR-iS OF 1 DEMON'S FEAST (MEAN-iNG ThAT ThE-iR ELDER
         BROThE~S WERE K-iLLED BY DEMONS). pRAY BLESS ThEN1!" dAM-
         PA REPL-iED ADDRESS-iNG H-iMSCLF TO Sm~-RA SER-POH "nOW ThE
         dOCTR-iNE DES-iREj BY YOU HAS COMEL" hE ThEN DEPARTED TO
         SkYO/ H-iS TWO D-iSC-iPLES AND SmA-RA SER-PO/ ThE FOUT/ ThE
         PRECEPTS O~ G~OD. (tHESE PRCCEPTS) SmA-R~ SER-PO CON~ -iTTED
         TO WR-iT-iNG AND CALLED ThEM ~kHRUL-TShO-DRUG-PA/' (ShOULD
         READ bRUL-TShO--s-iX gROUPS OF pRECEPTS(OF ~S~OD)). hE D-iD
         NOT COMN~-iT TO WR-iT-iNG ThE VERBAL PRECEPTS. tHE TWO BOYS ALSO
         PRACT-iSED ThERN AND WERE CURED OF ThE-iR D-iSEASE. bOTh BECAME
         DEVOTEES (SâƒDHAKA). SkYO D-iD NOT PREACH ThE PRECEPTS TO
         OThERS/ BUT PRACT-iSED ThEM H-iMSELF. tHEN BE-iNG AFR~-iD Ti.iT
         ThE l-iNEAGE MAY COME TO ~N END/ HE BESTOWED ThEM ON
         DBoN-PO BsOD-NAMS BLA-MA ONLY. SkYO HAV-iNG GONE To
         kHATNS/ BESTOWED ON H-iS RETURN JOURNEY ThE FOUR sECT-iONS
         O~ ThE ~-kHRUL-TShO" (GTOUPS~ ON lABS-SGRON SmA-R;L SER-
         PO ALSO ABST~-iNED FRON1 PRE~CH-iNG ThEM TO OThERS/ AND CONS-
         T~NTLY PRACT-iSED ThE METhOD OF (w~RA) wâƒRAH; OF hAD-BU/ AS
    (8B) WELL AS Th~T OF G~OD. iN H-iS OLD AGE/ HE BESTOWED ThEM ON
         H-iS ATTEQDANT SmYON-PA bC-RE/ W-iTh ThE WORDSH ~-pR~CT-iSE
                                                                          p.998
         ThEM YOURSEL~/ BUT DON/T BESTOW ThEM ON ANY ONE ELSE."
         aT ThAT T-iME BOTh L~E-STON AND pHUG-STON HAPPENED TO STAY
         AT ThE MONAST-iC COLLEGE (GRA-SA) O~ ~A-STON RdOR-/DZ-iN -iN pHU-
         ThAN. i~E-STON FELL -iLL. hE KNEW ThAT bE-RE KNEW ThE G~OD
         R-iTE AND TOLD ABOUT -iT TO sA-STON/ WHO SA-iDH ~gO AND ASK H-iN1
         FOR ThE PRECEPTS!" r-i KHROD pBUG-STON -iNQU-iREDH ~-hOW W-iLL
         YOU/ tEACHER/ GO/ W-iThOUT COMPLET-iNG YOUR STUD-iES HERE?
         i HAVE BEEN A HERM-iT/ AND HE M-iGHT -iMPART ThEM TO ME. i
         AM GO-iNG ThERE TO MAKE ThE REQUEST." RdOR-/DZ-iN SA-iDH
         ~wELL/ YOU M-iGHT ASK MY FR-iEND L~E-STON TO PRESENT ThE
         REQUEST. yOU CAN TELL H-iM ThAT HE POSSESSES AN -iNCONTRO-
         VERT-iBLE PRECEPT Oe ThE pRAJNAPARAM-iTA HANDED DOWN FROM
         dAM-PA (sAN~RGYAS)/ AND ASK ~OR -iT." pHUG-STON ACTED
         ACCORD-iNGLY/ AND NLADE H-iS REQUEST. tHE BLA-LNA bE-RE SmYON-
         PA SA-iDH ~-nO ONE KNOWS ThAT i POSSESS Th-iS jOCTR-iNE! d-iD A
         DE-iNON TELL -iT TO YOU?" aGA-iN HE ASKEDH ~-dO YOU REALLY
         -iNTEND PRACT-iS-iNG -iT?'/--~yES/ i WANT TO PRACT-iSE -iT!" bE-RE
         ThEN -iMPARTED'TO H-iM ThE G~UR;-BRUL-TShO-DRUG (tHE s-iX
         GROUPS OF tEXTS ON G~OD) W-iTh ThE -iNTRODUCT-iON AND PRECEPTS.
         wH-iLE HE WAS PRACT-iS-iNG ThEM AT SkY-i-TShAN/ ThE ACARYA ~A-
         STON SENT A MAN/ AND pHUG-STON CAME TO pHU-ThAN AND
         PREACHED ThREE OF ThE bRUL-TShO. hE BESTOWED ThE bRUL-TShO-
         DRUG ON A kHAM~PA SCHOLAR/ WHOSE COPY-iST ALSO WTOTE ThEM
         DOWN. lATER WHEN rOG ~ES-RAB-'OD CAME TO ThE RES-iDENCE OF
         r-i-KHROD ~-iG-PO/ AND WAS L-iSTEN-iNG TO ThE REC-iTAT-iON OF ThE
         nâƒMASAngGâŒT-i AND ThE (wAJRA)VARAHL SYSTEM ACCORD-iNG TO ThE
         METhOD OF dAMPA (sAN~RGYAS)/ HE ASKED TKE YOG-iN~OPY-iST TO
         BE H-iS HOST. fROM H-iLN HE FOUND OUT ABOUT ThE OR-iG-iN OF Th-iS
         PRECEPT/ AND REQUESTED pHUG-STON/ WHO SA-iDH ~cONNECT-iON W-iTh
         oNE (MEANS) A CONNECT-iON W-iTh ALL. wHEN REVEALED TO ONE/ -iT
         -iS REVEALED TO ALL! pREPARE ThE REQU-iS-iTES (FOR -iN-iT-iAT-iON)!"
         hE ThEN BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE F-iRST ã¹-bRUL-TShO"/ OR GROUP (O~
         TEXTS). hE ThEN ASKED ThE tEACHERH ~dOES Th-iS DOCTR-iNE
    (9A) -iNCLUDE OThER SECT-iONS AS WELL?"--"iT DOES/" REPL-iED ThE tEA-
         CHER/ ~BUT i D-iDN/T D-iSCLOSE MORE ThAN ThREE TO sA STON RdOY-
         /DZ-iN AT pHU-ThAH. iF i WERE TO PREACH TO YOU ThE COMPLETE
                                                                          p.999
         pRECEPTS/ HE M-iGHT BECOME D-iSPLEASED."--"bUT WHY D-iD YOU
         NOT G-iVE H-iM ThE COMPLETE PRECEPTS?" -iNQU-iRED rOG ~ES-RAB-
         /OD. tHE LATTER REPL-iCDH ~bECAUSE ThE PRECEPTS WERE TOO
         PROFOUND! tHERE WETE MANY MEN AT H-iS RES-iDENCE AND ALL
         COULD HAVE COP-iED ThEM/ ThEREFORE i D-iDN'T G-iVE TBEM. aLSO
         ThEY DO NOT RESPECT ThE-iR tEACHER AND S-iMPLY LOOK AFTER BOOKS.
         tHEREFORE i D-iD NOT G-iVE -iT TO ThEM ! /' hE (rOG) ASKED ThAT
         HE M-iGH~ BE G-iVEN ThE COMPLETE PRCCEPTS. tHE tEACHER
         REPL-iEDH ~bECAUSE YOU W-iLL BE OF BENEF-iT TO L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS/ i
         ShALL -iMPART ThEM TO YOU." hE ThEN BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE
         "s-iX gROUPS" (bRUL-TShO DRUG  'PA) ROGEThER W-iTh ThE "oT;LL pRC
         CEPTS/" ANj SA-iDH ~nOW/ OUTS-iDE OF ThESE i HAVEN/T EVEN A
         S-iNGLE PREEEPT i dO NOT COMM-iT ThE ~oRAL pRECEPTS/ TO
         WR-iT-iNG/" SAY-iNG SO/ HE -iMPARTED ThEM TO H-iM GLADLY. tHE
         LATTER (rOG ~ES-RAB-/OD) BESTOWED ThEM ON sUM-STON RA~PA.
         tHE LATTER ON BlA-MA G~AN-STON. aGA-iN r-i-KHROD pHUG-
         STON (BESTOWED) ThENL ON ThE DAUGHTET SkAL LDAN. ~ HE LATTET
         ON GtSLH-STON SkY-i-TShAN-BA. tHE LATTER ON G~AN-STON.
         tHE LATTER ON DBoN-PO ~HOS-SD-iNS-PA dAR.MA SES RAB. tHE
         LATTER ON SgR-iG-STON sAN~RGYAS. aGA-iN sUM-STON RAS-PA BES-
         TOWED ThENL ON s~R;S-RGYAS STON-PA. tHE LATTER ON MKH~S-BTSUN
         G70N-NU-GRUB. aFTER Th-iS ONE/ (ThE SUCCESS-iON) CONT-iNUCD AS
         -iN ThE PREV-iOUS (l-iNEAGE~. iN GENETAL ThE G~OD SYSTEM
         SPREAD W-iDELY. aS TEGARDS ThE l-iFE-STOR-iES (OF -iTS TEACHERS)/
         i HAVE WR-iTTEN ONLY ABOUT ThOSE WH-iCH HAD BEEN SEEN BY MC.
         tHE cHAPTET ON ThE "mALE" G~OD (pHO-G~OD).
            tHE NAT-iVES OF ThE sNOW (cOUNTRY/ -i.E. t-iBET) POSSESS
         CROWN ORNAMENT AND TWO EAR-ORNAMENTS. tHE CROWN ORNA-
         MENT (-iS) pADMASAMBHAVA. tHE F-iRST EAR ORNAMENT (-iS) kHA-
         RAG SgO~ CHUN. tL E SECOND (EAR ORNAMENT) -iS ThE wENERABLE
         m-iD-LA. kHA-RAG SgOM-CHUNaH hE BENEF-iTKD OF TWO STREAMS
    (9B) OF PRECEPTS/ ANT WAS A YOG-iN WHO PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON ONLY.
         hERE ONE OF ThE STRCAMS OF ThESE PRECEPTS/ WH-iCH OR-iG-iNATED
         FROM a-RO yE-SES /BYUN-GNASH a-RO HAD BEEN AN -iNCARNAT-iON.
         hE ASSUMED ThE APPEARANCE OF A SMALL BOY CONCEALED -iN ThE
         SAND NEAR ThE r-iN-MO SPR-iNG. a ROYAL NUN SAW H-iM ThERE/
                                                                         p.1000
         HA~R-iNG COME ThETE FOT A WALK/ ShE ThOUGHT ThAT~PEOPLE
         M-iGHT START GOSS-iP-iNG/ -iF i WERC TO TAKE ThE CH-iLD W-iTh ME OUT
         Oe MCRQ." sHE REPORTED TBE MATTER TO AN OFF-iC-iAL O~ ThE
         LOCAL-iQ/ WHO SA-iT TO HERH "wELL/ POOR TB-iNG~ tAKE H-iM"
         sHC TOOK ThC CH-iLD. hE LA~R DOWN L-iKE A CORPSE/ AND EM-iTTCD
         ThE SOUND OF "a-a/" BECAUSE O~ Th-iS HE WAS CALLED ~a/RO'
         (~aCORPSE'/. tH-iS SEEMS TO BE A LATER EXPLANAT-iON OF ThE
         NAME. oR-iG-iNALLY -iT MUST HAVE BEEA A CORRUPT FORM OF A
         sANSKR-iT WORD). lSTER WHEN ThE CH-iLD LEARNED TO WALK/ HE
         WCNT -iNS-iDC AN ENCLOSURE (KUN-DGA' RA-BA) WHERE MONKS WERE
         TELL-iNG ThE-iR PRAYERS. tHE MONKS ASKED H-iMH ~a-RO! wBAT
         ARE ~OU DO-iNG HERE?" tHE CH-iLD REPL-iEDH "i ShALL ALSO REC-iTE
         PRAYERS!" ~c)O YOU UNDERSTAND Th dOCTR-iNE?" ThEY -iNQU-iRED/
         AND ThE CH-iLD REPL-iEDH ~1 KNOW WELL MANY DOCTR-iNES!"--
         "wELL ThEN/ DO YOU KNOW Th-iS ALSO?" AND ThEY HANDED H-iM
         A VOLUME OF ThE bODH-iCARYAVATARA/ AND HE REC-iTED -iT -iN A PRO-
         PER MANNER. ~ LSO KNOW SOME DOCTR-iNES UNKNOWN TO YOU!"
         SA-iD a-RO/ AND REC-iTED SEVERAL NAMES O~ PTECEPTS BELONG-iNG
         TO ThE SYSTEM OF a-TO. aLL ThE MONKS BECAME AMAZED/
         SAY-iNGH ~'a-RO -iS a! hE -iS ThE OR-iG-iN OT KNOWLEDGE!" tHUS
         HE BECAME KRLOWN AS yE-SES /BYUN-GNAS. hE HAD A LONG L-i~E/
         AND GU-iDED D-iSC-iPLES W-iTh ThE HELP O~ PROeOUND PREC~PTS.
         hC ALSO LABOURED FOR ThE WELF~RE OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS. h-iS D-iSC-i-
         PLCS WEREH yA-Z-i bON-STON OF kHAMS/ e~RU-SA RGYAL-BU O~
         kHA-RAG/ (~RUN--S-iR; SES RAB-SMON-L~M OF DBuS/ ~HHOG-RO zANS
         DKAR MDZOD-KHUR O~ GtSAN. 0~ ThE ABOVE/ yA-Z-i bON-STON
         PROCEEDED TO DBuS AND GtSAN/ AND PREACHED ThE dOCTR-iNE TO
         gRU-GU KlOG-/BYUR; OF uPPER GtSAN-RGYAN. tHE LATTET
         TAUGHT -iT TO GlAN-SGOM tShUL-KHR-iMS SN-ing-PO OF bR~S LHHHU-B~R.
         tHE LATTER USED TO SAY ~ i WERE TO PRE~CH ThE dO~TR-iNE
   (10A) -iNTO ThE EAT OF A CORL-SE/ ThE CORPSE WOULD MOVE. iF i WERE
         TO TEACH N1ED-iT~T-iON TO A B-iRD OF ThE sKY/ -iT WOULD SUCCEED (-iN
         -iT)". hE TAUGHT -iT TO RbA-SGOM BsOD-NAMS RGYAL-MTShAN/ WHO
         BELONGED TO ThE CLAN OF /~U OF SbAS -iN jpHAN-YUL. hAV-iNG
         MET aTâŒSA/ HE OFFERED H-iM H-iS UNDERSTAND-iNG (OF ThE dOCTR-iNE)/
         AND ThE LATTER BECAME PLEASED/ AND SA-iDH "nOW ThESE (PRE.
                                                                         p.1001
         CCPTS) O~ YOUR ShOULD BE SUPPLE NENTED BY LOVE AND MCRCY.
         tHEN MED-iTATE! sHOULD YOU EXPER-iENCC D-iFF-iCULT-iES -iN YOUR
         MED-iTAT-iON/ mA-iTREYA AND aVALOL;-iTESVARA W-iLL APPEAR TO
         REMOVE ThEN1.'' aTLSA A~TER SEE-iNG SEVERAL t-iBETAN WR-iT-iN~S/
         WAS NOT TOO PLEASED (W-iTh TL EM)/ BUT WHEN HE SAW ThE mAHâƒ- 
         YANA-yOGA (a-RO-I tHEG-CHEN RNAL-/BYOT) BY a-RO/ HE EXCLA-iM-
         EDH ~tHESE WORDS ARE FULL OF POETRY/ ;LND POSSESS AN EXCELLENT
         MEAN-iNG/" AND BECAME PLEASED. RbA-SGON1 WAS ThE HOUSE-
         HOLD PR-iEST OF ThE FAThER O~ pU-TO-BA. pU-TO-BA BEFORE GO-iNG
         TO rWA-SGREN ASKED H-iM FOR PRECEPTS ON ME~L-iTAT-iON. h~
         S~-iDH ~tHE MED-iTAT-iON OF TBOSE WHO D-iDN/T STUDY EVEN A
         L-iTTLE/ -iS EV~N ShALLOWER ThAN ~N ARM-P-iT./' lATER WHEN pU-TO-
         BA BECANLE A GREAT KALYâƒnA-M-iTRA/ HE ThOUGHTH ~'wHAT SORT
         OF DOCTR-iNE RbA SGOM POSSESSES?" aFTET ThAT HE HAD A TEMARK-
         ABLE DREAM/ AND SA-iDH ~tH-iS DOCTR-iNE OF RbA-SGOM -iS A PEReECT
         ONE!" h-iS (RbA-SGOM) D-iSC-iPLE WAS kHA-RAG SgOM-CBUN. iN
         A PLACE CALLED dUN-ZUR -iN uPPER GtSAng ThERE WAS A HERM-iT
         NAMED DkON-MCHOG-RTEN. hE HAD ThREE SONSH bAL-PO ~bAN-
         RDOR/ AFTER H-iM--~WA-DBAng-RWA/ AeTER H-iM--ThE HERM-iT
         DbAN-PHYUG BLO-GROS. Db~N-PHYUG BLO-GROS WAS FULL OF FA-iTh
         S-iN~E H-iS CH-iLDHOOD. hE RESOL~D TO TAKE UP ORD-iNAT-iON. hE
         OBTA-iNED N1ANY PRECEPTS OF ThE ~-gREAT aCH-iE~EMENT/'(RdZOGS.
         CHEN~ ~ROM ON~ NAN1ED yE-ShES Oe bE'U-KLU/ A NAC-iVE OF tHOD-
         PHU. wH-iLE HC WAS PRACT-iS-iNG MED-iTAT-iON -iN ThE MED-iTAT-iVE
         CELL OF 'pHY-iL PHU/ bAL-PO DbAN-RDOR ACTED AS H-iS ATTENDANT.
         wHEN RbA-SGOM WAS RES-iD-iNG AT bRAG-DKAR RTS-i-CAN YEOPLE
   (10B) USED TO SAYH ~LHERE -iS A GOOD mASTE~ POSSESS-iNG SE~RET
         PRECEPTS.'/ bAL-PO DbAng-RDOR WENT TO SEE H-iN1/ AND WHEN ThEY
         mET/ ThEY HELD A CCNVERSAT-iON ON REL-iG-iON. hE UNDERSTOOD
         ThAT ThE tEACHER W~S ENDOWED W-iTh SECRET PRECEPTS> AND
         REVERENCE W~S BORN -iN H-iLN. DbAng-RDOR TOLD Th-iS STORY TO
         GtSAng-BU/ AND ADDEDH ~-lET US GO TO H-iS PLACE!" (tHE
         BROThER) REPL-iEDH ~-bUT WE HAVE NO PR~SENTS (TO OT~ER H-iM)!/'
         DbAng-RDOR REPL-iEDH ~wE HAVE A P-iECE OT BUTTER. wE COULD
         OF~ER -iT. sO ThEY WENT TOGEThER. aS SOON AS GtSAN-BU AND
         Rb~ SGOM MET/ ThE-iR M-iNDS BECAME ONE. GtSAng-BU ASKED FOR
                                                                         p.1002
         PRECEPTS/ AND ThE tCACHER SA-iDH ~yOU ShOULD TAKE UP ORD-iNA-
         T-iON!" hE WAS ThEN ORDA-iNED -iN ThE PRESENCE OF mAR-SGOM
         AT lAB-SO. a~TER ThAT HE OBTA-iNED FRON1 RbA-SGOM TBE ~tHREE
         cYCLES OF pRECEPTS'/ (GdAM~NAG SKOR-GSUM/ PROBABLY ThE
         kHA-RAG SKOR-GSUM). tHERE WERE OThERS ALSO/ WHO HAD COME
         TO ASK FOR -iNSTRUCT-iON -iN REL-iG-iON. tHE tEACHER D-iSM-iSSED
         OThERS/ AND KEPT GtSAN-BU NEAR H-iMSEL~. RbA-SGOM WENT -iNTO
         SECLUS-iON FOR SEVEN DAYS/ AND HAD A V-iS-iON OF yAMâƒNTAKA.
         dUR-iNG Th-iS T-iNLE RbA SGOM WROTE OUT PRECEPTS ON A SLATE
         (GYA/-MA)/ AND ThREW ThENL OUT O~ H-iS CELL. GtSAN-BU READ
         ThEM. tHENAN ALMS-G-iVC~ OFeERED H-iM TWO LOADS OF qOUR/
         AND RbA-SGOM SA-iDH ~-tHE eV-iL oNE (mâƒRA) HAS CON1EL"
         (MEAN-iNG ThAT HE HAD RECE-iVED WORLDLY Th-iNGS AS A PRESENT)
         AND RAN AWAY. GtSAN BU FOLLOWED AFTER H-iM. tHE tEACHER
         AND (H-iS) D-iSC-iPLE REACHED rWA-SGREN. (tHEY FOUND) ThAT
         /bROM-STON-PA HAD D-iED/ AND ThAT RnAL-/BYOR-PA WAS PREACH-iNG
         TO A CLASS. GtSAN-BU FELT REVERENCE TOWARDS ThE HERM-iTS O~
         rWA-SGRER-i. RbA-SGOM SA-iDH ~tHEY ARE L-iKE A SACK OF WOOL !
         (B-iG TO LOOK AT/ AND SMALL WHEN PRESSED DOWN). wE/ tEACHER
         AND D-iSC-iPLE/ STAND H-iGHER ThAN ThEY -iN N1ED-iTAT-iON./' tHEY
         WENT BACK AND JOURNEYED V-iA 'dAL-MA-LUng OF yAR-'BROG.
         tHEY PROCEEDED TO ThE LAND OF TL~E lHO-LA YAG-PA NOMADS.
         wHEN HE WAS ABOUT TO START FOR ~1LkHAR-CHU/ HE RECE-iVED A
         MESSAGE SAY-iNG ThAT H-iS MOThER HAD FALLEN -iLL. hE PROCEEDED
         TO H-iS NAT-iVE PLACE/ AND FOUND ThAT H-iS MOThER HAD PASSED
         AWAY. (tHE RELAT-iVES) PERFORMED ThE FUNERAL R-iTE (GS-iD)
   (11A) AND K-iLLED A COW. f-iLLED W-iTh SADNESS/ RL3A-SGOM WENT BACK.
         GtSAN-BU HjPED ThEN1 -iN ThE PERFORMANCE OF ThE FUNERAL R-iTE/
         AND ThEN FOLLOWED A~TER R~A-SGOM. wHEN HE REACHED ThE
         MONASTERY Oe u-SKYU-/GUL OF G~U/ HE NOT-iCED TRACES OF A CRE-
         MAT-iON. hE ASKEDH ~wHOSE ARE ThESE?" tHEY REPL-iEDH
         ~tHE LATE RbA-SGOM'S/'. (GtSAN-BU) WE~T B-iTTERLY/ A.~D ThEO
         PROCEEDED TOWATDS rWA-SGREN/ AND FOR SEVEN YEARS FOLLOWED
         ON DgON-PA-BA AND RnAL-'BYOR-PA. DgON-PA-BA SA-iD TO H-iL~LH
         ~yOUR tEACHER HAS ENTERED SE~LUS-iON FOR SEVEN DAYS/ AND HAD
         A V-iS-iON OF yARNANTAKA." hE UNDERSTOOD DgON-PA-BA TO
                                                                         p.1003
         
         POSSESS ThE ~ACULTY O~ PRESC-iENCE. tHCN ~OR A LONG T-iME HE
         PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON -iN ThE CAVE A~ G~U-N1KHAN-BRAG ~'~aRCHER'S
         ROCK/-). pU-T~BA/ TEACHER AND D-iSC-iPLE/ ALSO HAPPENED TO STAY
         AT ThE SAME T-iME ON ThE ã¹~aRCHER'S rOCK" (G~U-MKHAN-BRA~.
         pU-TO-BA SA-iDH ã¹~ti -iS YOUNG HERM-iT GtSAL-i-BU -iS GREATLY
         ADD-iCTED TO N1ED-iTAT-iON. bECAUSE OF LACK OF STUDY/ CAN HE
         ENTER ThE pATh? ~GtSAN-BU) OVERHEARD H-iM SAY-iNG -iT/ AND
         WENT TO SEE pU-TO-BA. hE RELATED TO H-iM ABOUT (H-iS) UNDER-
         STAND-iNG OF ThE FOUT BL~LDOG (~tURN-iNG PO-iNTS OF ThE m-iND'/.
         tL-E FOUR ã¹~tURN-iNG PO-iNTS OF ThE m-iND" OR BLO-LDOG-B~-i
         AREH MED-iTAT-iON ON ThE VALUE OF B-iRTh -iN HUMAN FORM/ ON ThE
         UNCERTA-iNTY OF DEATh/ ThE SUFFER-iTLGS OF sAMSARA/ ON kARMA/
         cAUSE AND eL~ECT. (i'cH-i-BA M-i-RTAG-PA/ lAS-RGYU-'BRAS/'KHOR-
         BA-I NES-DLd-iGS/ ThAL-'BYOR RNED-DKA/(). a SThAV-iRA NAMED
         RgYAL-SE SA-iDH ~nOW YOU/ KALYâƒNA-N1-iTRA/ OUGH~ TO REPLY TO
         H-iL!" pU-TO-BA SA-iDH ~i CA~LNOT REPLY TO -iT NOW!" tL--iS
         GtSAng-BU BECAME A SkYES-BU SMRA.BA/-i SEN-GE (' l-iON OF
         si~EECH AHNONG mEN"). pU-TO-BA USED TO SEND H-iM ThE BEST
         PORT-iONS O~ OF~ER-iNGS RECE-iVED L~Y H-iL~SELF. pU-TO-BA PRA-iSED
         H-iM GREATLY/ SAY-iNGH ~-tH-iS dOCTR-iNE (CHOS) WH-iCH HE
         (GtSAng-BU) WAS ABLE TO PRACT-iSE DUR-iNG ONE DAY/ WE/ tEA-
         CHER AND D-iSC-iPLE/ COULDN/~ ACCOmPL-iSL W-iTh-iN ONE YEAR.'~
         oN ONE OCCAS-iON RnAL-/BYOR-PA bE U-KlU -i YE-ShES SENT L~-iM A
         MESSAGEH ~oN ACCOUNT OF MY -iLLNESS/ COME HERE -iN ThE NAME
         O~ OUR VOWS!'/ GtSAng-BU WENT TO TAKE LEAVE OF pU-TO-BA.
         pART-iNG WAS D-iFF-iCULT FOR BOTh/ AND BOTh ShED TEARS. dUR-iNG H-iS
         JOURNTY EO RgYAL -iN /pHAN-YUL/ HE RECE-iVED MANY REQUESTS
         FOR REL-iG-iOUS -iNSTRUCT-iON AND OT~ER-iNGS. hE V-iS-iTCD ThE BLA-
         NLA kHA-RAG/ AND FOR A ShORT T-i~NE ATTENDED ON bE'U KlU-I
   (11B) YE-ShES. hE PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON AT kHL-RAG PHUG-PA N~G-PO/
         AND H-iS FAME ENCOMPASSED ALL QUARTERS. aBO-LT A ThOUSAND
         STUDENTS (TShOGS-PA) ~AThERED ROUND L--iM. eTER A ShORT
         WH-iLE HE FELT Th-iS TO BE A H-iNDRANCE/ D-iSN1-iSSED H-iS STUDENTS/
         AN~L LEFT ONLY A SMALL NUNLBER O~ D-iSC-iPLES. tHUS HE L-iVED
         FOR MANY YEARS. iN ThE END 11E 1-E11 A POMPOUS FEAST AND
         S;L-iDH "tH-iS W-iLL BE (MY) LAST FO~D!" aND ADDED "aFTER
                                                                         p.1004
         MY DCATh/ CONVEY Th-iS BODY ~O ThE SUM~N-iT Oe A MO~LNTA-iN/
         AND DON/~ ERECE MEN1OR-iALS A~TER ME!" SAY-iNG SO/ HE PASSED
         AWAY. h-iS REMA-iNS WERE ThEN CARR-iED TO ThE SUMM-iT Oe kHA-
         RAG. a YOG-iN HAV-iNG SEVERED W-iTh A KN-ieE ONE O~ H-iS HANDS/
         D-iED ON ThE SPOT. kHA-RAG/S TWO D-iSC-iPLCSH lB~PA dHARMA-
         SKYABS AND RdUL-STON RdO-RJE R-iN-CHEN.
            lH~-PA WAS A NAT-iVE O~ lH~YA SMON-MDA/. hE OBTA-iNED
         MANY DOCTR-iNES FROM rON-PA ~ HHOS-BZAN. hE TOOK UP
         ORD-iNAT-iON -iN ThE PRESENCE OF bA-DK~R 'bR-iN-STON/ AND OBTA-iNED
         FROM H-iM ThE BSlAB-PHYOGS (dOMA-iN O~ ThE wOWS)/ ThE
         dOCTR-iNE OF mA-iTREYA/ AND MANY OThERS. aLSO HE OBTA-iNED
         FROM yOL ~HHOS-DBAN mANY H-iDDEN PTECEPTS. hAV-iNG V-iS-iTED
         kHA-RAG-PA/ HE OLQERED H-iM A BAG O~ BUTTER AND ASKED FOR
         PRECEPTS. (kBA-TAG) AT ONCE ShUT ThE DOOR AND SA-iD TO H-iN1H
         ~tHERE ARE MANY WHO POSSCSS H-iDDEN PRECEPTS! yOU CAN
         ASK ThEN1!/' eTER ThAT lHO-PA SPENT ThREE YEARS AT ThE RES-i-
         DENCE OF bAL-PO DbAN-RDOR (kHA-RAG-PA'~ BROThER). GtSAN-BU
         SA-iDH ~d-iD lH~PA GO AWAY?" (wHEN TOLD TKAT HE WAS
         ST-iLL ThERE) HE SA-iDH ~tHEN/ BR-iNG H-iN1 HERE!" hE -iMPARTED
         TO H-iM ThE COMPLETC PRECCPTS AND ASSOC-iATED W-iTh H-iM FOR F-iVE
         YEARS. hE ALSO BCCAME VERY FAMOUS AND HAD NUMEROUS
         D-iSC-iPLES WHO -iNCL~LDED S~LCH GR;AT SCL OLARS AS yAR-SREGS
         RGYE-DN1AN AND OThERS/ mYAN SgOM-RGOD-PO/ mYAng SgOM-
         DKAR-PO/ AND mYAN SgOM-~-iG-PO ~HHOS-S~/ KNOWN AS ThE
         ~tHREE bROThERS mYAng-SGOM" (mYAng-SGOM MEHED-GSUM).
         RdUL-STON/ WHO KNEW NUN~ETOUS PRECEPTS/ MET kHA-RAG.PA
         AND OVERHEARD H-iN~ SAY-iNGH ~tH-iS SCHOLAR CAN ENTER -iNTO
         rEL-iG-iON." RdUL-STON ThEN ThOUGHTH ~wHAR DOES BC MEAN
   (12A) BY Th-iS? fOR i HAVE STUD-iED NUMCROUS DOCTT-iNES." lATER/
         AFTER HE HAD OBTA-iNED ThE PRECEPTS O~ ThE tHREE cYCLES OF kHA-
         RAG (kHA-RAG SKOR-GSUM)/ AND HAD PRACT-iSED ThEN1/ HE REAL-iZED
         ThAT (kHA-RA~-PA'S) F-iRST WOTFjs WERE TRUE. fROM kHA-RAG HE
         PROCEEDED TOWARDS yAR-'BROG. tHUS ONE O~ ThE STREAMS OF
         PRECEPTS WAS ThAR WH-iCH ~OWED FROLd rWA-SGREng AND CON-
         S-iSTED OF ThE PRECEPTS HANDED DOWN FROTN aTâŒSA. kHA-RAG-
         PA COMB-iNED ThE TWO (STREAMS) AND NAMED ThEM ThE "pUR-i-
                                                                         p.1005
         F-iCAT-iON OF ThE bODH-iC-iTTA" (bY~N-CHU~SBYOng). tL-EY W~RE
         ALSO KNOWN BY ThE NAN1E OF ThE ~tHREC cYCLES O~ kHA-~AG"
         (kBA-RAG SKOT-GSUM). tHEY SPREAD W-iDELY. nOW ThE
         sP-iR-iTUAL l-iNEAGE O~ a-RO H-iMSELFH RbA-SG~M TRANSN1-iTTED
         ~TL~E LH)OCTR-iNE) TO dAM-PA /dZ-i-SGOM O~ GtSAN-RON. tHE LATTET
         TO bA-RA SGOMCHEN O-i yAR-/BROG. tHE LATTER TO ThE LADY
         mYAN-MO O~ yUL-CHOS. tLE LATTER TO ThC DOCTOR (lHA-RJE)
         lHA-KHAN-PA OF SkY-i MKHAR. tHE LATTER TO StON-~AK O~ DBuS.
         tHE LATTER TO ~-iG-PO BdUD-RTS-i. iN Th-iS N1ANNER ThE l-iNCAGE
         SPTEAD W-iDELY. tHE cHAPTET ON kHA-RAG-PA.
                                                                         p.1006
                                      xiw
            tHE cYCLE OF ThE mAH⃠KARUN-iKA (tHUGS-RjE CHEN-PO-I
         SKOR)/ AND ThAT OF ThE wAJRâƒVAL-i (RdO-RJE PHREng-BA).
         jUST AS ThE bODH-iSATTVA mAR-iJUSR⌠TOOK OVER cH-iNA/ -iN ThE
         SAN1E MANNER ThE bODH-iSATTVA mAH⃠SATTVA aRYA aVALOK-iTESVARA
         PROTECTED Th-iS COUNTRY OF tLBET. bY L -iS BLESS-iNG ThE SOUND
         OF ThE ~mAN. -i' RESOUNDS -iN ThE MOUThS OF N1EN/ WOMEN AND
         MONKS/ EVEN CH-iLDREN. oNE CAN OBTA-iN BLESS-iNG BY PRAY-iNG
         TO A TUTELARY DE-iTY/ ThERE~ORE FOR US (t-iBETANS) ThE QU-iCKEST
         WAY TO OBTA-iN BLESS-iNGS -iS TO FOLLOW AFTER aVALOK-iTESVARA
         H-iMSELe. tHE SACRED -iMAGES AND N10NASTER-iES (V-iHâƒRAS) ERECTED
         BY sRON-BTSAN SGAM-PO/ A MAN-i~ESTAT-iON O~ aVALOK-iTESVARA -iN
         ThE FORN1 OF A K-iNG/ ARE ThE CH-iE~ PLACES AF WORSh-iP FOR ThE
         t-iBETANS. tHE MOUNTA-iN/ ON WH-iCH HAS BEEN BU-iLT ThE
         pALACE WHERE ThE K-iNG RES-iDES/ RECE-iVED ALSO ThE NAME OF
         pOTALA (ThE aBODE OF aVALOK-iTESVARA). iT -iS KNOWN ThAT MANY
         HAD ATTA-iNED ThE REAL-iZAT-iON OF yAMANTAKA AND OThER DE-iT-iES
         ADHER-iNG TO ThE PRECEPTS O~ ThE L~LANTRA/ ENUNC-iATED BY ThE
         K-iNG. tHOUGH ThE cON1MENTARY BY A TEACHER/ WL~O HAD
         FOLLOWED ON TB-iS dOCTR-iNE ENUNC-iATED BY ThE K-iNG/ DOES NOT
         EX-iST AT PRESENT/ ThERE ST-iLL EX-iST PARTS OF ThE BOOK ON PROP-iT-iA-
         T-iNG R-iTES (SâƒDHANAS). tHE S;L-iNT (S-iDDHA) D~OS-GRUB D-iSCOVER-
         ED ThE H-iDDEN BOOK ON ThE sâƒDHANA O~ aVALOK-iTESVARA. rOG
         ES-RAB-/OD OBTA-iNED (ThEM) AT ThE MONASTERY OF SpA-RNAmS.
         hE GRADUALLY HANDED ThEM DOWN TO H-iS OWN SON/ AND D-iSC-iPLES.
         fURThER/ ThE N-iRMâƒnAKâƒYA mYAN-STON OBTA-iNED (ThEM) FROM
         ThE SA-iNT (S-iDDHA) D2;~OS-GRUB. hE (mYAng-STON) TRANSM-iTTED
         (ThE dOCTR-iNE) TO ThE BlA-MA rAS-PA m-i-BKYOD-RDO-RjE/ T11E
         BlA-MA sHAKYA SEN-GE BZAN-PO/ ThE DOCTOR (iHA-RjE) DgE-BA-/BUM
         (ThE BU-iLDER OF ThE GOLDEN ROOF OVER ThE lHA-SA GtSUG-LAG-
         KHAng)/ ThE S-iSTER (iCAM-MO) yE-SES-MCHO~/ bYAng-SEMS CHU-
         sGoi11/ MtHA/-BZ-i BYA-BRAL/ Bs~D-NAMS SEN-GE/ BkTA-S-iS RGYAL-
                                                                         p.1007
         HNTShAN/ AND ThE BlA-MA BlO-GROS RGYAL-MTShAN. fROM ThE
         (LAST~ TWO--ThE BlA-MA BsOD-NAMS BZAN-PO. tHE LATTER To
         RgOD-PHRUG GRAGS-PA 'BYUN-GNAS. tHE l-iNEAGE OF tHUGS-T~E
         CHEN-PO RgYAL-BA RGYA-MTShO (A FORM OF aVALOK-iTESVATAAH
    (1A) SnAng-BA MThA/-YAS (aM-iTâƒBHA)/ tHUGS-RJE CHEN~PO (mAH⃠KAR-
         UN-iKA)/ pADMASAMBHAVA (pAD-MA /BYUNGNAS)/ pHAG-MO O~
         bHAngGALA/ (UP-To) t-i-PU-PA/ rAS-CHUN-PA/ zANS~R-i RAS-PA/
         sAngS-RGYAS RAS-CHEN/ SpOM-BRAG-PA' kARMA PA-S-i/ ThE M~HAS-i-
         DDHA u-RGYAN-PA/ rAN-BYUN RDO-RJE/ kHAMS-CHCN RgAN-LHAS-PA/
         StAG-STON G~ON-NU-DAR/ bAG-STON G~ON-TShULPA/ ThE MAHA-
         UPADHYAYA sES-RAB RDO-RJE/ ~HOS-SGO-BA ~HHOS-DPAL SE~R~B/
         RgOD-PHRUG-PA gRAGS-PA 'BYUN-GNAS/ AND MANY OThERS. tHE
         R-iTE AND -iN-iT-iAT-iON OF ThE kULALOKANAThA SADHANA (tG. RgYUD/
         nO. 2133H kULALOKANAThASADHANALOKA-NAMA) OR-iG-iNATED W-iTh
         ThE yAR-KLUR;S LO-TSA-BA gRAGS-PA RGYAL-M~ShAN. hE BESTO~ED
         -iTS tANTRA OF 53 SLOKAS (kG. RgYUD-/BUM/ nO. 436H
         kULALOKANAThA-PANCADASAKA-NAMA) TOGEThER W-iTh -iTS cOMMEN-
         TARY (tG. RgYUD/ nO. 2134H lNA.BCU-PA/-i BSA~PA/ pANCAS-i-
         KâƒT-iPPANL) ON ThE LO-TSâƒ-BA dUS-/KHOR-BA BsOD-SE/ FROM WHOM
         A NUMETOUS l-iNEAGE OR-iG-iNATED. tHE cYCLE (CHOS-SKOR) OF
         pADN~AJâƒLA (pAD MA-DRA-BA/ kG. RgYUD-/BUM/ nO. 681H
         aRYA-aVALOK-iTESVARAPADmAJALA-MULA-TANTRARAJA NAMA; pADMAJA-
         LODBHAVASADHANA/ tG. RgYUD/ nO. 1750) WH-iCH WAS EX-
         POUNDED TO bU-STON BY TL~E kAShM-i~-iAN PAND-iTA sUMANASRL
         ALSO BELONGS TO ThE cYCLE (CHOS-SKOT) OF ThE mAH⃠KARUN-iKA
         (aVALOK-iTESVARA). tHE MANNER OF TRANSM-iTT-iNG ThE dOCTR-iNE
         PREACHED BY ThE ~mAN WHO HAD ATA-iNCD SP-iR-iTUAL REAL-iZAT-iON"
         (GRUB-PA ThOB-PA/-i SKYES.BU)/ AN EMANAT-iON OF aVALOK-iTES~ARAH
         tHERE EX-iSTED A METhOD OF TAK-iNG A VOW ThROUGH ThE R-iTE OF
         ThE mENTAL cREAT-iVE e~ORT TOWATDS eNL-iGHTENMENT/ 35 WELL
         AS ThE DEGRCE OF TRANS-iC MED-iTAT-iON ACCORD-iNG TO ThE
         mADHYAMAKA SYSTEM WR-iTTEN BY ThE bODH-iSATTVA cANDRADHVAJA/
         AN -iND-iSPUTABLE MAN-iFESTAT-iON OF aVALOK-iTESVATA.
         tHE dEGREE O~ PROP-iT-iAT-iNG aRYA aVALOK-iTESVARA BY
         PERFORM-iNG ThE R-iTE O~ FAST-iNG WAS PREACHED BY ThE NUN
         lAKsML (DpAL-MO) PERSONALLY BLESSED BY aRYA aVALOK-iTESV~RA.
                                                                         p.1008
         sHE SAUGHT -iT To ThE PAND-iTA yE-SES BZAN-PO (jNâƒNABHADRA)/
         BLESSED BY HER. hE TO bAL-PO (ThE nEPALESE) pE-NA-BA/
         BLESSED BY H-iM. tHEY ALL WERE SA-iNTS (S-iDDHAS). tHE
         bODH-iSATTVA cANDRADHVAJA OBTA-iNED (ThE dOCTT-iNE) FROM H-iM
         (pC-NA-BA). tHE STORY OF H-iS RECOGN-iT-i/~N BY OThER PEOPLE AS
         ThE bODH-iSATTVA aVALOK-iTESVARA H-iMSELFH iN ThE TEMPLE O~
         sAMVARA (BdE-MCHOG iHA-KHAN) -iN nEPAL MANY DAK-iNLS ~A)
         GAThERED. tHE TEMPLE KEEPER SAW (ThEM) AND -iNQU-iREDH
         ~fROM WHERE D-iD YOU COME? wHAT ARE YOU DO-iNG HER~"
         tHE DAK-iN-iS REPL-iED '~wE HAVE COME FROM pUNDRAV;LRDHANA
         (l-i.KHAR S-iN /PHEL/ mALDA AND d-iNAJPUR). aVALOK-iTESVARA
         OF pUNDRAVARDHANA H-iMSEL~ -iS TES-iD-iNG HERE. wE HAVE COTNE
         TO MAKE OFFET-iNGS TO H-iM". tHE KEEPER CONT-iNUEDH ~wHO
         -iS HE?" tHE DAK-iN-iS ANSWEREDH ~hE -iS ~HE bODH-iSATTVA
         gNDRADHVAJA L" wHEN ThE oN-PO LO-TSA-BA WAS SLEEP-iN~ -iN
         ThE tEMPLE OF ~S-iRYA WA-T-i (ALSO KNOWN AS 'pHAGS-PA wA T-i OR
         SkY-i-GRON/ pHAGS-PA. sEE wAS-iLYEVH ~gEOGRAPHY OF t-iBET"
         (-iN rUSS-iAN)P.11)/ wA-T~H-iMSELF FORETOLD ThATcANDRADHVAJA
         WAS KYA (aVALOK-i~ESVARA) H-iMSELF/ AND NOW MANY PEOPLE
         ACCEPTED (H-iM AS aVALOK-iTESVARA). mANY LEGENDS EX-iST/ SUCH
         AS FOR ESAMPLE ThE FOLLOW-iNGH wHEN cANDRADHVAJA WAS
         SEARCH-iNG FOR S~METh-iNG WH-iCH COULD BENEF-iT ThE PUR-iF-iCAT-iON
         OF S-iNS O~ L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS/ HE D-iSCOVERED ThAT BY ~AST-iNG
         ONCE -iN ThE PRESENCE OF aTYA aVALOK-iTESVARA/ ONE
         WAS ABLE TO REMOVE A GREAT S-iN/ AND OBTA-iN (REB-iRTh) -iN A
         HUMAN FORM/ AND ThAT -iN ThE END SUCH A PERSON WAS TO GO TO
         sUKHAVAT;. bUT i D-iD NOT C-iTE ThEM HERE. tHE BlA-MA sA-
         CHEN (kUN-DGA/ SN-iN-PO) ACTED FOR A LONG T-iME AS ATTENDANT
         OF cANDRADHVAJA. tH-iS ESTABL-iShES ThE T-iME OF iHE APPEAR-
         ANCE OF (gNDRADHVAJA). (cANDRADHVAJA) WAS ALSO ThE tEACHER
         OF 'gRO-BA/-i MGON-PO DpAL pHAG-MO GRU-PA (i L LO-1 L70) AND
         OF Th~ S-iDDHA lA-GYAG-PA. tHE S-iDDHA ~-iN-PHUG-PA OBU-iNED
         FROM H-iM (cANDRADHVAJA) ThE SADHANA OF aVALOK-iTESVARA.
         h-iS PARENTS WERC NAT-iVES O~ ~AN-ZUN. hE WAS BORN -iN ThE
         YEAR wOOD-mALE-dOG (S-iN-PHO-KHY-i--L094 a.d.) -iN ThE
         VALLEYS O~ StAG-BDE SEN-GE/ A~TER ThEY HAD COME TO lA-STOD
                                                                         p.1009
         (GtSAng PROV-iNCC). h-iS PARENTS FEAR-iNG ThAT HE M-iGHT LOSE
         H-iS CASTE/ TOOK H-iM -iN CH-iLDHOOD TO SpU-RANS. aT ThE AGE OF
         SEVEN/ HE FELT FA-iTh -iN kARMA AND RETR-iBUT-iON. aT ThE AGE O~
         14/ HE PROCEEDED TO DBuS/ AND CAME TO ThE RCS-iDENCE OF ThE
         zANS-DKAR LO-TSA-BA WHO WAS ThEN BU-iLD-iNG ThE bO-DON MONAS-
         TERY. ~E WAS ORDA-iNED BY kHYUN AND RECE-iVCD ThE NAME OF
         ~HOS-KY-i GRAGS-PA. fOR ONE MONTh HE STUD-iED ThE dOCTR-iNE
         W-iTh ThE lORD (RJE) /bUM-PHRAG GSUM-PA (sTh-iRAPALA (BRtAN-
         SKYON(). hE STAYED FOR S-iX YEARS -iN ThE PRESENCE OF z~S-
         DKAR (L~TSA-BA)/ AND OBTA-iNED ThE cYCLE OF sAMVARA/ CTC. hE
         WAS FCD AT ~HHU-M-iG R-iN-MO hE RECE-iVED ORD-iNAT-iON ~ROM
         M~A/-T-iS /~AM-DBYANS/ WHEN ThE LATTER CAME TO lHO-BTAG.
         hE OBTA-iNED ThE pRAJRLAPARAM-iTA FROM /bRE ~RAB-'BAR. hE
         PREACHED -iT ON 15 OCCAS-iONS. hE STUD-iED ThE TEACH-iNGS OF ThE
         KALYANA-M-iRRA DkON-MKHAR W-iTh ThE LATTER/S ASS-iSTANT PREACHET
         fROM e~HYUH HE OBTA-iNED ThE mADHYAMAKA SYSTEM AND ThE
         nYAYA. fURThER/ HE OBTA-iNED ThE tEACH-iNG OF RgYA-DMAR FROM
         ThE LATTER/S ASS-iSRANT PREACHER. ~ROM ThE GREAT ~UR-SMR-iG-PA (HE
         OBTA-iNED) ThE aBH-iDHARMA. iT -iS SA-iD Th;~T HE OBTA-iNED ThE dOC-
         TR-iNE OF mA-iTRCYA FTOM mAT-PA LO-TSA-BA OF StAG-TShAL. tH-iS
         MUST HAVE BEEN (mAR-PA) l)O-PA. fTOM ThE KALYANA-M-iTRA
         icHAN-TA-BA HE OBTA-iNED ThE dOCTR-iNE OF mA-iTREYA ACCORD-iNG TO
         ThE SYSTEM O~ BtSAN. fROM SpA-TShAB LO-TSA (HE OBTA-iNED) ThE
         s-iX tREAT-iSES OF mADHYAMAKA (DBu-mA R-iGS-TShOGS DRUG).
         iHROM ThE KALYANA-M-iTRA G~EN--ThE s-iX dOCTR-iNES OF tSA LO-TSA-
         BA (tSA-M-i sAN~RGYAS GRAG~PA/ ThE FAMOUS sANSKR-iT SCHOLAR?).
         fROM M~A/-R-iS SkY-i-STON--ThE cYCLE OF sAMVARA ACCORD-iNG TO
         SpU-HTANS LO-CHUN. fROM R~OG G~UN-PA--ThE hCVAJRA-(tAN-
         TRA). fROM DpYAL kUN-DGA/ RDO RJE AND SnUBS pHAG-MO LUN-
         PA--ThE hEVAJRA-(tANTRA) AND ThC cYCLE OF (wAJRA~wARAH-i.
         fROM MtHA/-BZ-i--ThE tANT~A (SNAGS) AND ThE w-iNAYA. iN ThE
         -iNTERVALS/ HE ATTENDED ON ThE bODH-iSATTVA cANDRADHVAJA/ AND
         OBTA-iNED FROM H-iM MANY DOCTR-iNCS. hE ALSO OBTA-iNED MANY
         DOCTR-iNES FROM RgYA-CHU-M-iG-PA BlA-MA lHO-PA. fROM /kHON-
         GAD-PA k-iRT-i/ HE OBTA-iNED ThE EXPOS-iT-iON O~ ThE pANCALCRAMA.
         fROM lHA-RJE GtSAN-SOD-PA--ThE mAH⃠MUDRâƒ. fROM ThE
                                                                         p.1010
         nEPALESC a/-SU.ThE cYCLE OF pHRSG-CHEN SN-iN-PO. uNDCR SnE/U-
         ZUR-PA (HE STUD-iED) ThE BkA/-GDAMS-PA DOCTR-iNE. fROLN dAGS.
         PO lHA-RJE (HC OBTA-iNED) ThE s-iS dOCTR-iNES O~ nA-R~(PA).
         fROM pHAR-SGOM/ AN ATTCNDANT OF sE MkHAT-CHUN-BA/ HC
         OBTA-iNED ThC "pATh AND fRU-iT" dOCTR-iNE (lAM-'BRAS). iN
         GENERAL/ HE D-iD NOT STUDY TE~CTS OF ThE RL;L-iN-MA SCHOOL/ AND
         USCD TO SAY ThAT ThCRE D-iD NOT EX-iST TE~TS BCLONG-iNG TO ThE
         ~nEW/' (i'ANTRAS) WH-iCH HE HAD NOT STUD-iED. hE SPENO E-iGHT
         FULL YEARS -iN ThC SNOWS OF RtA-SGO/ ThEN S-iX YCARS DUR-iNG
         WH-iCH T-iME HE SPENT E-iTh~R ThE W-iNTCR OR ThE SUMMER -iN
         MED-iTANON/ -iN ALL HE SPENT 14 YEARS -iN MED-iTAT-iON. hE
         DCVELOPED ThE FACULTY OF PRESC-iENCE. tHE LOCA-i D-iV-iN-iTY (LHA-
         BTSAN) OF TtA-SGO ASKCD H-iM FOR REL-iG-iOUS -iNS~UC~-iON. hE
         OFFERED H-iS "l-iK-MANTRA" (SROG-SN-iN). dUR-iNG H-iS RES-iD~NCE
         ThETE/ ~PAD ATT~NDCD ON H-iM. aFTCR ThAT HE JOURNEYCD TO
         idOG. tHE ACAQA idOG ASKED H-iMH ~dO YOU POSSESS ThE
         FACULQ OF PRCSC-iENCE?" hE/ Th-iNK-iNG ThAT -iT WAS -iMPROPER
         TO TELL A L-iC TO H-iS OWN tEACHER/ ANSWEREDH ~yES/ i DO."
         tHE tEACHCR ASLCED H-iM FURThCRH "wHATARE ThC V-iLLAGERS
         DO-iNG~" AND ~wHAT -iS -iN MY HAND?" hE GAVE CORRECT
         RCPL-iES/ AND ThE ACARYA BE-iNG CONV-iNCED SA-iDH ~yOU MUST
         REC-iTE ThE pRAJNAPATAM-iTA." wHEN HE READ ThE SENTENCE
         "ThE NATURE OF ThE SPHERE OF ~AVEN -iS L-iM-iTLESS" (NA~N-MKHA'
    (3A) KHAMS.KY-i RAN-BZ-iN-DE-YAN PHA-L~ThA'-MED. tH-iS PASSAGE
         -iS ~UND -iN ThE pRAJNAPARAM-iTASANCAYAGAThA/ MdO-MAN~ wOL.ii/
         FOL. 413BH DM-iGS-PA-RNAMS-KY-i RAN-BZ-iN-DE-N-i PHA-MThA/-MCD
         (SEMS-CAN RANBZ-iN GAN-Y-iN-DE-YAN PHA-MThA'-MED) NAM-
         MKHA/-i KHAMS-KY-i RAN-BZ-iN~E-YAN PHA-MThA'-MED('~-iG-RTEN
         MKHYEN-PA/-i SES RA~DE-YAN PHA-MThA/-MED." ~tH- NATURE O~
         OBJ~CTS -iS L-iM-iTLCSS. NX NATURE O~ L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS -iS L-iM-iTLESS.
         tHE NATURC OF hEA~EN -iS L-iM-iTLESS. tHE W-iSDOM OF bUDDHA -iS
         L-iM-iDESS")/ AN EXTTAORD-iNAQ TRANCE WAS PRODUCED -iN H-iM.
         aFTCR ThAT HE D-iD NOT D-iFFCRENT-iATE BETWCEN ~HE iNTU-iT-i~LE
         kNOWLEDGE OF A sA-iNT AND ThE kNOWLEDGE OF ThE sA-iNT
         ACGU-iRED AeTER ThC ST;UX OF CONCCNTRATCD TRANCE (SAMAH-iU-JNANA
         AND PRSThA-LABDHAJNAdA). a~ER ThAT HE STAY~D AT ~-iN-PHUG.
                                                                         p.1011
         hE CONSTANTLY PRACT-iSED FAST-iL~G AND REC-iTAT-iON (O~ SACRED TCXTS).
         aT ThAT T-iME HE AND OThERS SAW COUNTLCSS HOLY V-iS-iONS. hE
         LABOURED EXTENS-iVELY FOR ThE WELFARE OF OThERS/ ~ND PASSED AWAY
         ;iT ThE AGE OF 93 -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-mAL~hORSE (MC-PH~RTA--1186
         a.d.). h-iS D-iSC-iPLE sRU-PA RdO-T~E TGYAL-PO HE WAS A NAT-iVE O~
         sTU-YUL-SGAN. fROM ThE AGE OF SEyEN/ HE MASTERED WR-iT-iNG
         AND TEAD-iNG. oNCE AN UPAS~KA WHO HAD GONE FOR FAST-iNG
         TO ~-iN-PHUG/ GAVE H-iM SOME FOOD WH-iCH WAS LEFT BY ThE
         tEACHER AND SOME HOLY WATET FOR ABLUT-iON. tHE BOY WAS
         F-iLLED W-iTh A DCS-iTE TO GO AND PTOCECDED -iNTO ThE PTE-
         SENCE OF ~;j-iN-PHUG-PA. tHE LATER SA-iD ABOUE H-iMH ~N-is
         CH-iLD W-iLL BECOMC ThC SUCCESSOT OF ThE SON OF TLX j-i;~A./'
         hC ThCN TqOK ThC BOY~ON H-iS LAP AND SEEMCD PLEASED.
         tHEN HE OTDA-iNED H-iM/ AND BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE VOWS/
         FROM ThE UPASAKA VOWS UP TO ThOSE OF ThE ~NAL MONAST-iC
         OTD-iNAT-iON. hE ThEN MASTERED ThE w-iNAYA-sUTRA (MdO-RTSA
         BY gUNAPRABHA~. aFTERWATDS HE REQUESTED ThAT HE M-iGHT
         BEPERM-iTTED TO FAST T-iLL H-iS DEATh. tHE tEACHER BECAME
         PLEASED/ AND PTESENTED H-iM W-iTh AN -iMAGE OF aVALOK-iTESVARA
         MADC O~ CRYSTAL ON WH-iCB cANDRADH-RAJA USCD TO MED-iTATE.
         hE CONT-iNUED H-iS ~AST AND MCD-iTAT-iON FOR F-iVE FULL YEARS/ AND
         HAD A V-iS-iON O~ aRYA aVALOK-iTESVARA. oNE N-iGBR HE SAW -iN
         A DREAM L~-iMSELF ALONE SURROUNDED BY M~NY bUDDHAS AND
         bODH-iSATTVAS/ WHO -iNCLUDED aLd-iTABHA. bH~-iS~JYAGURU AND
         OThERS/ SPEAK-iNG AMONG ThEMSELVESH ã¹~wE ShALL ADOPT AS
         SON ONE WHO -iS ThE MOST PLEAS-iNG AMONG US.'/ aMONG ThE
         RET-iNUE ThERE WAS A YOUNG CH-iLD OF WH-iTE COMPLEX-iON WHO
         SA-iDH ~dUR-iNG SEVENTEEN EX-iSTENCES HE HAD ESTABL-iShED
         A kARM-iC BOND W-iTh ME. hE -iS MY SON!" hE ThEN SAW
         R~YS OF L-iGHT F-iLL-iNG H-iM/ AND WOKE UP FROM H-iS DREAM.
         wHCN HE WAS ABOUT TO T-iE/ ~AN-STON DgRA-/~-iGS TOCK OVET ThE
         ABBOT/S CHA-iT/ AND HE PASSED AWAY. aFTET ThE CTEMAT-iON/
         MANY -iMAGES OF ThE gTEAT mETC-iFUL oNE (mAH⃠KARUN-iKA~/
         AND MANY OThET TEL-iCS WERE TECOVETED (FTOM ThE AShES).
         h-iS D-iSC-iPLE WAS ~AN-STON. hE W~S A NAT-iV~ OF sRUG-
    (3B) GAN-PA. h-iS B-iRTh WAS ACCOMPAN-iED BY A STRONG ThUNDER/
                                                                         p.1012
         L-iGHTN-iNG AND EARTh TREMOURH. tHEY (ThE FAM-iLY) HAD AN
         CNEMY WHO REMARKEDH "sUCH Th-iNGS WERE TAK-iNG PLACE
         ThAT i BECAME AFRA-iD!" bECAUSE OF Th-iS ThE CH-iLD BECAME
         KNOWN AS ã¹-eNEMY/S tETROR'/ (DgRA-/~-iGS). aT ThE AGE OF
         SEVEN/ HE LEARNED WR-iT-iNG. hE WAS ORDA-iNED BY sRU-PA. hE
         WAS A VERY STR-iCT (MOL~K). aT ThE AGE O~ 23/ A~TER STUDY-iNG
         ThE "sEVEN TREAT-iSES ON lOG-iC" AT sA-SKYA/ HE WENT ON A
         ROUND Oe MONAST-iC COLLEGES TO CONDUCT PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL DEBATES/
         AND BECAME FAMOUS AS A iEARNED MAN.
            aFTER ThAT HE STUD-iED ThE "f-iVE tREAT-iSES OF mA-iTRQA"
         (bYAMS-CHOS H-iA)/ ThE f-iVE sTAGES (sA SDE-LNA/ ThE bODH-iSATTVA-
         BHUM-i/ tG. sEMS-TSAM/ nOS. 4035-37-i 4038-404~!~ ThE
         aBH-iDHARMAKOSA/ AND ThE aBH-iDHATMASAMUCCAYA (M~ON-PA
         GON-'OG). aFTER ThAT HE PROCEEDED TO ThE RES-iDENCE OF ThE
         KALY~NA-M-iTRA z-iN-MO CHE-PA/ WHO ASKED H-iM TO BECOME
         AN ABBOT/ AND TO LABOUR FOR ThE dOCTR-iNE. hE ThEN BECAME
         ABBOT AND GREAT WAS ThE BENEF-iT FOR TBE dECTT-iNE. hE USED
         TO PREACH ThE w-iNAYA-AGAMA BY H~ART AND GAThERED (ROUND
         H-iM) ABOUT SOO MONKS. hE HDD ThE bHA-iSAJYAGUTU AND
         ThE tARA AS ThE CH-iEF OBJ~CTS OF H-iS MENTAL CONCENTRAT-iON/
         BUT ON ADV-iCE OF A bODH-iSATTVA ThAT ~Th-iS DOCTR-iNE OF aVALO-
         K-iTESVARA (ThE T-iTE OF ~AST-iNG) WAS BENEF-iC-iAL FOR Th-iS ~d~RK
         aGE' (kAL-i-YUGA)/ AND ThAT HE ShOULD PRACT-iSE -iT"/
         HE PTACT-iSCD -iT AND HAD A V-iS-iON OF ThE tARA. aBOUT
         M-iDN-iGHT HE SAW A V-iS-iON OF bHA-iSAJYLGURU/ AND AT dAWN T E
         HAD A V-iS-iON OF ThE ONE-ThOUSAND-ARMED AND ONE-ThOUS~ND-
         EYED aVALOK-iTESVARA. tHEY -iN-iT-iATED H-iM/ AND UTTERED
         PROPHEC-iES. tHEN HE REQUESTED sM-PA TO ALLOW H-iM TO GO
         TO A SOL-iTARY PLACE/ BUT ThE LATTET TOLD H-iMH ~yOU ShOULD
         OCCUPY ThE CHA-iR FOR ThREE YEARS MORE!" AND PRESENTED H-iM
         W-iTh A CRYSTAL -iMAGE OF aVALOK-iTESVARA. tH~N AFTER ThE
 1. tShAD-L1~A SDE-BDUNaH tHE pRAMANAVâƒRT-iKAKâƒR-iKA (tG. tShAD-MA/
    nO. 421O~/ ThE pRAMANAV-iN-iS'CAYA (tG. tShAD-MA/ nO. 4211)/ ThE nYâƒYAB-iNDU
    (tG. tShAD-MA/ nO. 4~12)/ TBE hETUB-iNDU) (tG. tShAD-MA/ nO. 4213~/ ThE'
    sAMBANDHA-PARâŒKS~APRAKARANA (tG. tShAD-MA/ nO. 4214)/ ThE wâƒDANYAYA (tG.
    tShAD-MA/ nO. 42 1~)/ AND ThE sANTâƒNâƒNTARAS-iDDH-i (tG. tShAD-MA/ nO. 4219).
                                                                         p.1013
         LAPSE OF ThREE YEARS/ HE ENTRUSTED ThE CHA-iR TO ThE KALYANA-
         M-iTRA bYAN-YCS AND PROCEEDED TO ThE UPPER PART OF ThE V~LLG/
         TOWARDS A ~OCKY MOUNTA-iN CALLED r-iN-CHEN SPUNS-PA/ AND
         ThERE PRACT-iSED FAST-iNG FOR ThREE MONThS W-iThOUT BE-iNG SEEN
         BY ANY ONC. fOT SEVEN MONThS HE PERFORMED N-iGHTLY ThE
         R-iTE O~ G~OD. iN ThE MORN-iNG HE USED TO iQY OVER TO ThE
         wESTERN MOUNTA-iNS/ AND ThERE STAY -iN ThE sUN/ -iN ThE
         EVEN-iNG HE T~CW BACK TO ThE SLOPE O~ ThE ROCK OF sRU. hE
         BLOCKED ThE R-iVER OF sTU FOR H~LF A DAY W-iTh H-iS WALK-iNG
         STAFF ~ND PETFORMED (OThER) M-iRACLE~/ S-iM-iLAR TO ThOSE MEN-
         T-iONED ABOVE. aT TBE HOUR OF DCATh HE SA-iDH ~mY HEART
         W-iLL REMA-iN UNBURNT. sEND -iT TO gA/-RON. mY TONGUE
         W-iLL (ALSO) REMA-iN BEH-iND. sEND -iT TO dON-MO-R-i (NAME OF
         A WELL-KNOWN RNONASTEQ)." hE D-iED AT ThE AGE OF 61.
         aFTER H-iS CREMAT-iON/ A FULL MEASURE (BRE) OR REL-iCS WAS
         RECOVERED (FROM ThE AShES). hE BESTOWED ThE dOCTR-iNE ON
    (4A) ThE MAHA-UPADHYAYA ~tS-i-/DULBA tHUGS-R1E BYAN-CHUB. tHE
         LATTER WAS ORDA-iNED -iN H-iS YOUTh. hC WAS LEARNCD -iN ThC
         dOCTR-iNE -iN GENERAL/ AND -iN PART-iCULAR (HE WAS LEARNED) -iN
         ThE pRAJR;APARAM-iTA~. hA~R-iNG BECOME VEQ FAMOUS TBROUGH
         H-iS LEARN-iN~/ STR-iCTNESS/ AND GOODNCSS/ HE BU-iLT V-iH~RAS AND
         FOUNDED MONAST-iC COMMUN-iT-iCS. hE SUPPORTED MONKS ARLD
         UPHELD ThE MOTAL CODE/ AND GATBERCD ROUND H-iMSELF OVER A
         ThOUSAND MONKS. tHOUGH -iN GENERAL HE WAS LEARNED -iN ALL
         ThE DOCTR-iNES/ HE ESPEC-iALLY STUD-iED ThE w-iNAYA AND POSSESSED
         ThE PERFECT FRAGRANCE OF MORAL-iQ. hE HELD AS ThE CH-iEe OBJECTS
         O~ H-iS MED-iTAT-iON bHA-iSAJYAGURU AND tARA. oNE N-iGHT HE SAW
         -iN H-iS DREAM A WOMAN WHO TOLD H-iMH ~sON OF GOOD FAM-iLY!
         a~(ALOK-iTESVARA BE-iNG ThE ESSENCE OF ALL ThE bUTDHAS OF ThE
         tHREE t-iMES/ MAKE A RCQUCST TO ~AN-STON DgA-/~-iGS AT idOG-
         LON/ WHO WAS TO PREACH NEXT MORN-iNG ThE T-iTE OF ThE mENTAL
         cREAT-iVE eF~ORT. bENEF-iT FOR ALL L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS W-iLL AR-iSE!/' AND
         SAY-iNG SO/ ThE WOMAN D-iSAPPEARED. hE MCT ~AN-STON AND
         REQUESTED ThAT HE M-iGHT BC G-iVEN ThE R-iTE OF ThE mENTAL
         gEAT-iVE eFFORT TOWARDS eNL-iGHTENMENT. tHE LATTER TBEN
         BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE PERM-iSS-iON (LUN) TO READ (D)E R-iTE) OF RHE
                                                                         p.1014
         eLEVEN-FACED aVALOK-iTESVATA TOGEThER W-iTh -iTS (MED-iTAT-iVE)
         PRACT-iCE/ -iTS SADHANA AND PROP-iT-iAT-iON (BSNER~TShAD MEANS
         ThE EXACT NUN1BER OF MANTRAS REQU-iTED FOR ThE PROP-iT-iAT-iON OF
         A DE-iTY). hE BECAME VERY PLEASED AND MADE ThE VOW TO FAST
         ON A ThOUSAND OCCAS-iONS/ oN H-iS 300Th FAST/ ON ThE 16Th
         DAY OF ThE sA-GA MONTh/ HE SAW A V-iS-iON O✠ThE gREAT mERC-iFUL
         oNE (mAH⃠KARUN-iKA)/ WHO SPOKE TO H-iM. aFTER ThAT HE HAD
         AGA-iN AND AGA-iN V-iS-iONS (OF ThE bODH-iSATTVA)/ AND HELPED ThE
         EMANC-iPAT-iON OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS. aFTER ThAT HE BESTOWED (ThE
         dOCTR-iNE) ON LdOG-LON-PA sHâƒKYA BYAN-CHUB WHOSE NAT-iVE PLACE
         WAS lOWER LdOG. aT ThE AGE OF SEVEN/ HE RECE-iVED ORD-iNAT-iON.
         aT ThE AGE OF ~5 / HE MASTERED ThE pRAJNAPARAM-iTA/ ThE
         w-iNAYA/ AND PREACHED ThEM BOTh. hE WAS ~SPEC-iALLY LEARNED
         -iN ThE w-iRâŒAYA. hE MADE bHA-i/SAJYAGURU AND ThE tARA ThE
         OBJECTS OF H-iS MED-iTAT-iON. hE HAD A V-iS-iON OF ThE sENLDAN-
         NAGS-SGROL (ThE tARA OF ThE aCAC-iA ~TOVE; KHAD-iRA/ aCAC-iA
         cATECHU)/ WHO FORETOLD ThE ERECT-iON BY H-iM OF ThE MONASTEQ
    (4B) OF LdOG-LTOD/ AND ADV-iSED H-iM TO PROCCED TO ThE RES-iDEN~E OF
         RtS-i-'DUL/ AND REQUEST ThE LATTER (TO TEACH H-iM) ThE SADHANA
         OF aRYA (aVALOK-iTESVARA). fOLLOW-iNG Th-iS ADV-iCE/ HE STARTED
         AT SUN-R-iSE/ MET ThE tEACHER/ AND OBTA-iNED FROM H-iM ThE
         PERM-iSS-iON (LUN). tHE tEACHER SA-iD TO H-iMH "yOU ShOULD
         RCC-iTE ThE REQU-iRED NUMBER OF MANTRAS FOR 21 AMES AT MY
         PLACE". aCCORD-iNGLY/ HE TOOK UP RES-iDENCE ThERE. aFTER
         ThAT H-iS FORTUNE -iNCREASED/ AND HE HAD YEARLY ABOUT 21 D-iSC-i-
         PLES WHO WCRE ABLE TO TEACH ThE pRAJNAPARAM-iTA AND ThE
         w-iNAYA. hE ALSO MADE ThE VOW OF OBSERV-iNG 1000 FASTS.
         oN ThE OCCAS-iON OF H-iS 300Th FAST/ -iN ThE N-iGHT OF ThE MA-iN
         R-iTE (DNOS'-GZ-i) A WH-iTE BEAM OF L-iGHT APPEARED -iN FRONT OF H-iM.
         hE GRASPED -iT W-iTh H-iS HAND AND WAS CART-iED AWAY/ AND
         REACHED pOTALA/ aTYA aVALOK-iTESVARA SA-iD TO H-iM. "sON OF
         GOOD FAM-iLY~ yOUR COM-iNG (HERE) -iS WELCOME!" AND A WH-iTE
         BEAM OF L-iGHT PENETRARCD (H-iS) HEART/ AND H-iS BODY WAS F-iLLED
         W-iTh BL-iSS. aGA-iN (aVALOK-iTESVARA) SA-iD TO H-iM "t-iLL
         DEATh/ LABOUR FOR ThE WELFARE OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS! aFTER YOUR
         DEATh/ i ShALL SEND FOR YOU!" AND HE WOKE UP FROM H-iS
                                                                         p.1015
         DREAM. dUR-iNG ThE DAY HE USED TO PREACH ThE p-iTAKA AND
         PREACH ThE dOCTR-iNE TO -iND-iV-iDUALS ACCORD-iNG TO ThE-iR DES-iRES.
         aT N-iGHT/ HE L-iSTENED TO ThE dOCTR-iNE AT ThE FEET OF aRYA aVALO-
         K-iTESVARA. hE PRACT-iSED NUMBERLESS MED-iTAT-iONS. h-iS D-iSC-iPLE
         WASThE MAHâƒ-UPADHYâƒYA bYAN-CHUB-/BAR OF ~HU-BZANS. ~LE
         WAS BORN AT ~AN-DKAT OF mUS. aT ThE AGE OF 1 L. HE RECE-i~RED
         ThE UPâƒSAKA VOWS FROM idOG-LON-PA. aFTER ThAT HE TOOK
         UP ORD-iNAT-iON/ AND STUD-iED ThE bODH-iCARYAVATARA AND ThE
         mâƒDHYAMAKA SYSTEM. aT ThE AGE OF 20/ HE TOOK UP ThE
         F-iNAL MONAST-iC ORD-iNAT-iON. oNE N-iGHT HE SAW -iN H-iS DREAM A
         WH-iTE MAN/ WHO SA-iD TO H-iMH ~bECAUSE YOU AND i H~VE A
         kARM-iC BOND (LAS-/BREL)/ ASK idOG-LON-PA/ WHO -iSN'T D-iFFERENT
         FRoM ME/ TO BESTOW ON YOU ThE PERM-iSS-iON (LUN) TO READ A
         SACTED TEXT AND ThE SADHANA (OF aRYA aVALOK-iTESVARA)/" AND
         SAY-iNG SO ThE MAN D-iSAPPEARED. nEXT DAY HE WENT -iNTO ThE
         PRESENCE OF idOG-LON-PA AND TOLD H-iM ABOUT ThE DREAM.
         idOG-LON-PA SA-iDH ~LT -iS ThE lORD! i TAKE rEFUGE -iN h-iM!
         i ALSO HAD A DREAM/' AND SAY-iNG SO/ HE -iMPARTED TO H-iM ThE
         "PERM-iSS-iON" (LUN)/ TOGEThER W-iTh ThE SADHANA AND -iTS R-iTE.
         bYAN-CHU~/BAR SA-iD TO H-iMH ~aFTER COMPLET-iNG A HUNDRED
         FASTS/ i AM GO-iNG TO BdE-BA-CAN." tHE tEACHET SA-iDH
         "wA-iT ONCE MORE FOR A V-iS-iON OF aVALOK-i~ESVARAL'/ aGA-iN HE
         SA-iDH ~nOW A LONG T-iME HAS PASSED. i ShALL GO". tHE
         tEACHER SA-iDH '~yOU ARE D-iFFERENT FROM OThER PEOPLE! qU-iCK/
         MED-iTATE !" tHUS ON ThE OCCAS-iON OF H-iS 300Th FAST/ AFTER
         M-iDN-iGHT OF ThE 1 STh DAY/ H-iS WHOLE CELL BECAME F-iLLED W-iTh
    (5A) L-iGHT/ AND HE ThOUGHT ThAT -iT MUST BE AN EYE DECEPT-iON.
         hE ThEN SAW aVALOK-iTESVARA SURROUNDED BY TEACHERS OF ThE
         BkA/-GDLMS-PA l-iNEAGE. nEXT MORN-iNG HE PROSTRATED H-iM-
         SELF BEFORE idOG-LON-PA/ WHO SPOKE TO H-iMH ~o SON! wERE
         YOU HAPPY LAST N-iGHT?" hE REPL-iEDH ~mY M-iND BECAME
         FREE FROM ThOUGHT CONSTRUCT-iONS." tHEN ThE tEACHER
         SA-iD TO H-iMH "nOW YOU MAY GO TO WHEREVER YOU DES-iRE/
         AND LABOUR FOR ThE WELFARE OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS."
            aFTER ThAT HE PROCEEDED TO mUS/ AND H-iS FORTUNE -iNCREASED.
         eACH MONTh HE USED TO PERFORM A GREAT F~ST-iNG R-iTE AND HAD
                                                                         p.1016
         V-iS-iONS OF MANY TUTELARY DE-iT-iES. hE PASSED AWAY AT ThE AGE
         OF 88. aFTER H-iS CREMAT-iON/ MANY -iMAGES OF GODS AND REL-iCS
         WERE RECOVERED (FROM ThE AShES). hE BESTOWED (ThE SADHANA
         OF aVALOK-iTESVARA) ON S~AG-PHU-PA BsOD-NAMS DBAN-PHYUG.
         tHE LATkR WAS BORN AT mUS dAN-MA-GL-iN-SKYA. aT ThE AGE
         OF 5/ HE BECAME AN UPASAKA AND STUD-iED READ-iNG AND WR-iT-iNG.
         aT ThE AGE OF 11/ HE WAS ORDA-iNED -iN ThE PRESENCE OF ThE
         MAHA-UPADHYAYA sHâƒKYA-MGON AND ThE ACARYA 'oD-ZER RTSE-MO.
         aT ThE AGE OF 13/ HE STUD-iED ThE w-iNAYA-SUTRA (OF gUNA-
         PRABHA) AT LdOG-LON W-iTh ThE MAHA-UPâƒDHYâƒYA kUN-RGYAL/
         AND ThE ASS-iSTANT PREACHER ~AN-STON 'gYUR-MED-DPAL. iN ThE
         PRESENCE OF mUS-CHEN-PA HE STUD-iED ThE ~f-iVE tREAT-iSES OF
         mA-iTREYA." fROM ThE ACARYA bYAN-SEN (HE OBTA-iNED) ThE
         (pRAMANAV-iN-iSCAYA). fROM ThE ACARYA sHES-RAB RAL-GR-i--ThE
         pRAMANAVART-iKA AND ThE bODH-iSATTVA-BHUM-i (SA-SDE). hE ALSO
         MADE A ROUND OF MONAST-iC COLLEGES FOR ThE PURPOSE OF CON-
         DUCT-iNG PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL DEBATES. oNCE -iN A DREAM A WOMAN
         TOLD H-iMH "yOU W-iLL NOT L-iVE MOTE ThAN SEVEN DAYS !" tHE
         MAHA-UPADHAYA L~HHU-BZANS-PA SA-iD To H-iMH "fAST-iNG -iS ThE
         BEST OF ThE L-iFE-PRESERV-iNG CEREMON-iES!" aCCORD-iNGLY HE
         FASTED AND H-iS L-iFE WAS PROLONGED. hE RECE-iVED F-iNAL MONAST-iC
         ORD-iNAT-iON FROM ThE MAHA-UPâƒDHYAYA cHHU-BZAR;S-PA AND OBTA-iN-
         ED MANY BkA'-GDAMS-PA DOCTR-iNES ~iT mUS-GLE-LUN. hE OCCUP-i-
         ED ThE ABBOT'S CHA-iR OF gR~MO-CHE FOR F-iVE YEARS. fROM ThE
         dHARMASVAM-iN ~AN-CHEN-PA HE OBTA-iNED ThE "pATh AND
         fRU-iT" (lAM-'BRAS) DOCTR-iNE AND ThE cYCLE OF ThE dOCTR-iNES
         OF dAM-PA (sANS-RGYAS). fROM ThE âƒCâƒRYA gRAGS-TShUL HE
         OBTA-iNED MANY SADHANAS OF ThE MAR!DALAS BELONG-iNG TO ThE
         "oUTER" AND "LNNER" tANTRAS (PHY-i/ OR OUTET MEANS ThE
         ThREE CLASSES OF tANTRAS; NAN/ OR iNNET MEANS ThE aNUTTARA
         CLASS). fOR ThREE YEARS HE OBSERVED A FAST DUR-iNG ThE
         MONTh OF wA-iShâƒKHA. aFTER ThAT H-iS SUPPORTERS BU-iLT ThE
         MORLASTERY OF S~AG-PHU AND PRESENTED -iT TO H-iM. hE CONS-i-
    (5B) DERED ThE FOLLOW-iNG TO BE H-iS "ROOT-TEACHERS" (MULA-GURU/
         RTSA-BA-I BLA-MA; MULA-GURU MEANS ThE PERSONAL tEACHER OF A
         D-iSC-iPLE; RgYUD-PA-I BLA-MA MEANS ThE tEACHERS OF ThE sP-iR-i-
                                                                         p.1017
         TUAL l-iNEAGE TO WH-iCH ThE D-iSC-iPLE BELONGS. mULA-GURU -iS
         ALSO USED TO DES-iGNATE ThE CH-iEF tEACHER O~ A D-iSC-iPLE(GtSO BO
         BLA-MA()H ~;LAN-CHEN-PA/ ~HU-BZAngS-PA/ mU~CHEN-PA/ AND
         RgYAL-MTShAN-DPAL. fURThER/ HE WAS ThE D-iSC-iPLE OF 4~
         TEACHERS. w-iSh-iNG TO SPREAD ThE DEEDS OF aVALOK-iTESVARA/ HE
         RESOLVED TO OBSERVE 10/000 FASTS (Th-iS SEEMS TO MCAN ThAT HE
         PA-iD PEOPLE TO MAKE ThEM OBSERVE FASTS). aFTER F-iN-iSh-iNG ThE
         2000Th FAST/ (HE FOUND) ThAT ALL H-iS MEANS HAD BECOME
         EXHAUSTED. bUT ThEN FOLLOW-iNG AN AUSP-iC-iOUS DREAM/ H-iS
         MEANS AGA-iN -iNCREASED. hE COMPLETED H-iS FAST W-iTh-iN ThREE
         YEARS. hE ALSO SPREAD ThE PRACT-iCE OF FAST-iNG. nUMETOUS
         OThER PERSONS SAW H-iM AS aVALOK-iTESVARA -iN ThE-iT V-iS-iONS. hE
         PASSED AWAY AT ThE AGE OF 68 -iN ThE hOG YEAR (PHAG-LO--
         1371 a.d. ?). h-iS D-iSC-iPLE WAS ThE pREC-iOUS MAHA-UPADHYAYA
         BsOD-NAMS BZAN-PO. tHE FACTS ABOUT H-iS PARENTS/ H-iS ORD-i-
         NAT-iON AND F-iNAL MONAST-iC ORD-iNAT-iON/ ThE-iR DATES/ H-iS PECUN-iARY
         S-iTUAT-iON -iN H-iS YOUTh/ ARE TO BE KNOWN FROM OThER SOURCES.
         aFTER H-iS ORD-iNAT-iON/ HE BECAME/ HL GENERAL/ ThE CH-iEF
         AMONG ThE HOLDERS OF ThE MOTAL CODE T-iLL H-iS DEATh/ AND/ -iN
         PART-iCULAT/ HE OBSERVED ThROUGHOUT H-iS L-iFE ThE VOW ~F STAY-iNG
         ON ONE MAT (-i.E. TAK-iNG FOOD W-iThOUT R-iS-iNG FROM ONE'S SEAT)/
         AND ABSTA-iN-iNG FROM MEAT/ W-iThOUT COMPLA-iN-iNG OF OLD AGE.
         aS REGARDS H-iS KNOWLEDGE/ HE ATTENDED ON MANY SCHOLARS/
         SUCH AS ~;LA DBoN-PO kUN-DGA/-PA AND OThERS. hE BECAME
         VERY LEARNED -iN ThE p-iTAKA OF ThE sUTRAS/ HEADED BY ThE
         w-iNAYA OF ThE hOLY dOCTR-iNE. iN ThE tANTRAS/ (HE WAS
         ESPEC-iALLY) LEARNED -iN ThE sRâŒ-kâƒLACAKRA-tANTRA. tHE mASTER
         OF PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL DEBATES AND GREAT SCHOLAR GyAG-BRUGS sANS-
         RGYAS-DPAL/ AND OThERS WERE UNABLE TO DEFEAT H-iM. hE HAD
         V-iS-iON OF NUMEROUS TUTELARY DE-iT-iES AND WAS ENDOWED W-iTh A
         TRANS-iC MED-iTAT-iON OF ThE sAMPANNAKRAMA DEGREE OF ThE
         sADAngGA-YOGA/ AND OThERS. hE WAS ThE CH-iEF D-iSC-iPLE OF ThE
         dHARMASVAM-iN pHYOGS-LAS RNAM-PAR RGYAL-BA (ThE bO~ON
         PAN CHEN). aT ThE AGE OF 80/ S-iGNS OF DEATh HAV-iNG
         MAN-iFESTED ThEMSELVES/ HE PRACT-iSED PRâƒNâƒYâƒMA (BREATh CONTROL/
    (6A) RLUN-SBYOR) FOR ONE MONTh AND SUCCEEDED -iN PROLONG-iNG H-iS
                                                                         p.1018
         L-iFC. tHE YEAR OF H-iS B-iRTh WAS ThE YEAR iRON-fEMALE-sERPENT
         (iCAGS-MO-SBRUL--1341 a.d.). hE PASSED AWAY PA-iNLESSLY
         AT ThE AGE OF 93 -iN ThE YEAT wATER-fEMALE-oX (CHU-MO-
         GLAng--1433 a.d.). h-iS D-iSC-iPLES -iNCLUDED ThE dHATMAS-
         VAM-iN dE-BZ-iN GSEGS-PA/ MtHON-PA dON-LDAN AND OThERS.
         nUMEROUS SCHOLARS GAThERED ROUND H-iM/ S-iM-iLAR TO BEES
         AROUND A FLOWER. aMONG ThEM SmRA-BA-I SEN-GE rON-STON AND
         OThETS. h-iS (PRESENT) WEALThH wA-iSRAVANA USED TO ASS-iST H-iM AT
         W-iLL. aLL GREAT MEN/ SUCH AS DbAN-GRAGS-PA RGYAL-MTShAN/ USED
         TO PLACE H-iS FOOT ON ThE-iR HEADS. sHR⌠wANARATNA (nAGS-KY-i
         R-iN-CHEN) S-iDDHESVARA (GRUB-PA/-i DBAN-PHYUG) USED To SAYH
         "hE -iS ThE BEST YOG-iN -iN t-iBET!" sUCH A GTEAT KALYâƒNA-
         M-iTRA BESTOWED ThE PRECEPTS OF aRYA aVALOK-iTESVARA ON
         BsOD-NAMS-DAR ThE MAHâƒ-âƒRYA-SThAV-iRA. hE ALSO OBSERVED
         ThE PURE VOWS OF AN ORDA-iNED MONK. a mENTAL gEAT-iVE
         eFFORT TOWARDS eNL-iGHTENMENT WAS BORN -iN H-iM. hE WAS
         ThE CH-iEF AMONG ThOSE WHO ARE SAT-iSF-iED W-iTh L-iTTLE AND
         L-iVED CONTENTEDLY. hE USED TO PROP-iT-iATE CONT-iNUOUSLY âƒRYA
         aVALOK-iTESVARA. tHETE WERE MANY MONKS WHO FOLLOWED
         AFTER H-iM. nOWADAYS ThEY ARE D-iV-iDED -iNTO TWO GROUPS KNOWN
         AS ThE dbus-'phags (sA-iNTS OF dbus) AND gtshang-'phags (sA-iNTS
         OF gtshang). sMALL GROUPS CONS-iST-iNG OF TEN OR F-iFTEEN MONKS/
         ThE SMALLEST CONS-iST-iNG OF F-iVE/ WERE FOUND -iN dAGS-PO AND
         kON-PO/ AT DBuS AND GyOR/ -iN SOUTh AND NORTh lA-STOD.
         tHEY BENEF-iTTED GREATLY ThE dOCTR-iNE. tHE cHAPTER ON ThE
         l-iNEAGE OF ThE SYSTEM OF DpALMO (lAKSMâŒ) OF ThE cYCLE OF
         aVALOK-iTESVARA.
            nOW ThE l-iNEAGE OF ThE sâƒDHANA (PROP-iT-iAT-iON) OF aRYA
         aMOGHAPASA ('phags-pa don-yod-ZAGS-pa)H A PAnd-iTA
         NAMED e-RA-PA-T-i (eLâƒPATRA) WHO WAS A NAT-iVE OF sOUThETN
    (6B) iND-iA/ CAME TO A V-iHARA CALLED bHAKT-iBALA (dAD-PA-I STOBS) -iN
         sOUThERN iND-iA/ AND WAS ORDA-iNED. hE BECAME A GREAT
         PAnD-iTA WHO MASTERED ALL ThE BRANCHES OF SC-iENCE. oN H-iS
         RETURN TO H-iS NAT-iVE COUNTRY/ HE PREACHED ThE dOCTR-iNE TO
         H-iS MOThER. oNCE WHEN HE WAS WALK-iNG ON ThE ROOF OF A
         HOUSE/ HE CAUSED A P-iECE OF BR-iCK TO FALL DOWN ON H-iS MOThER'S
                                                                         p.1019
         HEAD/ WH-iCH CAUSED HER DEATh. sUCH AN ACT-iON D-iD NOT
         REPRESENT A TRUE MURDER/ FOR AS ThE ACâƒRYA aRYADEVA [âƒRYADEVA]
         HAD SA-iD -iN H-iS c-iTTA VARANA V-iSODHA (tG. RgYUD/ nO. 1804/ sEMS
         KY-i SGR-i~SBYON)H "a MONK WHO HAD ASKED H-iS AGED FAThER
         TO GO QU-iCKLY/ AND PUSh-iNG H-iM ON/ CAUSED ThE FAThER'S
         DEATh/ WAS NOT FOUND GU-iLTY OF A PâƒTAJ-iKA S-iN" (Th-iS PASSAGE
         REFERS TO A WELL-KNOWN STORY/ CONTA-iNED -iN ThE w-iNAYA-VASTUH
         oNCE A MONK AND H-iS FAThER AFTER HAV-iNG RECE-iVED ORD-iNAT-iON
         PROCEEDED TO jETAVANA. wHEN ThEY HAD REACHED ThE PLACE/
         ThEY HEARD ThE SOUND OF ThE BELL. tHE MONK ThOUGHT ThAT
         Th-iS WAS ThE CALL FOR ThE CEREMONY OF D-iSTR-iBUT-iNG PRESENTS/
         AND URGED H-iS AGED FAThER TO GO QU-iCKLY. tHE AGED MAN FELL ON
         ThE GROUND/ AND D-iED. tHE MONK TOLD ThE bUDDHA ABOUT
         H-iS COMM-iTT-iNG A S-iN WH-iCH -iNVOLVED EXPULS-iON (PâƒRAJ-iKO)/
         BUT ThE bUDDHA TOLD H-iM ThAT -iT WAS NOT SUCH A S-iN). s-iNCE
         HE D-iD -iT AM-iDST EV-iL C-iRCUMSTANCES/ HE PROP-iT-iATED aMOGHA-
         PAShA DUR-iNG S-iX MONThS -iN ORDER TO PUR-iFY ThE S-iN/ BUT NO S-iGNS
         MAN-iFESTED ThEMSELVES. hE PERFORMED ThE PROP-iT-iAT-iON R-iTE FOR A
         SECOND T-iME/ AND AGA-iN NO S-iGNS WERE OBSERVED. aGA-iN HE PER-
         FORMED ThE R-iTE FOR A Th-iRD T-iME/ AND AGA-iN NO S-iGNS WERE
         OBSERVED. wH-iLE HE WAS HOLD-iNG -iN H-iS HAND A SANDAL ROSARY
         AND WAS REPEAT-iNG ThE MANTRA "sHR⌠tRA-iLOKYA.../" HE FELL
         ASLEEP AND ThE ROSARY FELL FROM H-iS HAND. wHEN HE AWOKE/ HE
         SAW ThAT ALL ThE PLACE WAS F-iLLED W-iTh ShADES AND L-iGHTS/ AND
         ThAT A ShOWER OF FLOWERS AND SCENTED WATER WAS FALL-iNG.
         hE GAZED -iN ALL D-iRECT-iONS BUT FA-iLED To SEE ANYTh-iNG. hE
         ThEN LOOKED UP ThE TREE/ AT ThE FOOT OF WH-iCH HE WAS S-iTT-iNG/
         AND SAW ThE F-iVE DE-iT-iES OF ThE PAR-iVâƒRA OF aMOGHAPASA
         APPEAR-iNG CLEARLY ON ThE TRUNK. hE SA-iDH "o âƒRYA! wHY
         D-iD YOU NOT MAN-iFEST YOURSELF? aRE YOU SMALL -iN COMM-i-
         SERAT-iON/ OR AM i GREAT -iN DEF-iLEMENT?" tHE aRYA REPL-iEDH
         "i HAVE NEVER PARTED FROM YOU L" AND HE -iMPARTED TO H-iM
         MANY DOCTR-iNES. s-iNCE ThEN HE WAS ABLE TO L-iSTEN ~O ThE
         dOCTR-iNE AT W-iLL. hE ThEN ThOUGHT OF GO-iNG TO ANOThER
         COUNTRY AND TO SPREAD ThERE ThE dOCTR-iNE OF âƒRYA (aVALO-
         K-iTESVARA). pEOPLE/ HOWEVER/ CONT-iNUED TO CALL H-iM ThE
                                                                         p.1020
         "s-iNNER WHO HAD K-iLLED H-iS OWN MOThER" (mA-BSAD-PA-I
         SD-iG-CAN)/ AND D-iD NOT L-iSTEN TO H-iS PREACH-iNG. mANY
         S-iDDHAS SUCH AS ~RL w-iRUPA AND OThERS GAThERED AND L-iSTENED
         TO H-iS PREACH-iNG OF ThE dOCTR-iNE. tHE K-iNG O~ ThAT COUN-
         TRY SA-iD TO ThE S-iDDHASH ~tHOUGH YOU ATE S-iDDHAS/ HOW
         CAN YOU L-iSTEN TO ThE PREACH-iNG BY SUCH A S-iNNER~// tHE
         S-iDDHAS REPL-iEDH ~hE -iS ThE CH-iEF OF ALL ThE S-iDDHAS! aLL
         H-iS PREV-iOUS ACT-iONS HAVE BEEN M-iRACLES PETFORMED BY ~RYA
         (aVALOK-iTESVARA)//. aFTER ThAT ThE K-iNG REPENTED AND ALL
         WERE F-iLLED W-iTh FA-iTh. hE HAD A SERVANT UPASAKA. aT ThE
         LATTER'S REQUEST HE COMPOSED ThE SâƒDHANA OF aMOGHAPASA.
         eLâƒPATRA (e-RA-PA-T-i) BESTOWED -iT ON A YOG-iN OF LOW CASTE
         -iN ThE sOUTh. tH-iS YOG-iN ATTA-iNED SP-iR-iTUAL REAL-iZAT-iON
         (S-iDDH-i) AND WHEN A BOATMAN RE~USED TO FERRY H-iM ACROSS ThE
         gANGES/ HE STRUCK ThE R-iVER W-iTh H-iS MEND-iCANT STAL~/ AND ThE
         gANGES STOPPED ~OW-iNG. fROM H-iM ThE dOCTR-iNE WAS OBTA-iN-
         ED BY ThE PAR!D-iTA dON-YOD-RDO-RJE (aMOGHAVAJTA) KNOWN
         AS RdO-RJE GDAN-PA. fURThER/ ThE PANd-iTA dHARMAKAPALA
         OBTA-iNED -iT FROM mAHâƒKARUN-iKA (tHE gREAT mERC-iFUL oNE). hE
         EXPOUNDED -iT TO ThE GREAT BsOD-SNOMS-PA (pA-iR!DAPAT-iKA)/ ThE
         S-iDDHA OF sARNVARA. tHE LATTER TAUGHT -iT TO dON-YOD RDO-RJE.
         dON-YOD R~O-RjE WAS ThE NAME OF RdO-RJE GDAN-PA/ ThE sEN-iOR.
         hE PREACHED -iT TO ThE TEACHER bA-R-i. fURThER/ -iN ThE V-iHARA OF
         kHASARPAR!A/ bO DgE-BSR-iEN WAS WORSh-iPP-iNG aRYA aVALOK-iT-
         ESVARA -iN ORDER TO -iNV-iEE ThE aRYA. aFTER H-iS DEATh/ ThERE
         WAS ANOThER UPâƒSAKA OF ThE aRYA TO WHOM -iT WAS PROPHES-iEDH
         '~yCU ShOULD TAKE UP ORD-iNAT-iON ! // hE ThEN APPO-iNTED ANOThER
         UPâƒSAKA TO ATTEND ON ThE aTYA (aVALOK-iTESVARA) AND PROCEED-
         ED TO w-iKRAMASh-iLA/ TOOK UP ORD-iNAT-iON/ AND ThEN ThE F-iNAL
         MONAST-iC ORD-iNAT-iON. h-iS N.~ME WAS ~âŒiâƒKARA. hE PTEACHED
         ThE SâƒDHANA TO ThE PANd-iTA wA-iROCANA. tHE LATTER TAUGHT -iT TO
         bA-R-i. tHEN AGA-iN A PAND-iTA NAMED ~HHO~STON WORSh-iPPED
         ~RYA aVALOK-iTESVARA AT kHASARPANA/ AND aVALOK-iTESVARA USED
         TO PREACH H-iM ThE dOCTRLNE -iN H-iS DREAMS. lATER HC -iNSTRUCTED
         H-iM PERSONALLY. tHE LATTER PREACHED -iT TO ThE PAR!D-iTA dON-
         YOD RDO-RJE (aMOGHAVAJRA). tHE LATTER TAUGHT -iT TO bA-R-i.
                                                                         p.1021
         bA-R-iH HE WAS A NAT-iVE OF kHAMS-PA SdOM-TShAN AND WAS BORN
         -iN ThE YEAR -iHON-mALE-dRAGON (iCAGS-PHO-'BRUG--1040 a.d.).
         tHE wENERABLE m-iDLA WAS BORN -iN ThE SAME YEAR. a PAND-iTA
         FROM kASMLRA HAV-iNG COME TO kHAMS/ HE HEARD FROM H-iM ThE
         aBH-iDHARMA (Mi;iON-PA) AND ThE lESSER RECENS-iON OF ThE ~AL-
         GN-iS-MA TwARAH-i). hE HAD ThE -iNTENT-iON OF GO-iNG TO iND-iA.
         hAV-iNG OBTA-iNED ABOUT SE~1ENTY GOLDEN SRANS/ HE TOOK ThE
    (7B) GOLD W-iTh H-iM AND PROCEEDED TOWARDS DBuS. aT ThE AGE OF
         15/ HE MET aTLSA AT S~E-~HAN AND REQUESTED H-iS BLESS-iNG.
         (aTLSA) FORTOLD H-iMH ~gO TO ThE RES-iDENCE OF RdO-~E GDAN-PA!
         aCC-iDENTS W-iLL NOT BEFALL YOU". hAV-iNG GONE TO lA-STOD
         DpAL-ThAN/ HE CAME ACTOSS ABOUT A HUNDRED ShEEP WH-iCH WERE
         LED AWAY TO BE SLAUGHTERED. hC FELT P-iTY TOWARDS ThEM AND
         BOUGHT ThEM OFe PAY-iNG FOR EACH ONE GOLDEN ZO. hE PRESENTED
         ThEM TO ThE MONASTERY ON ThE COND-iT-iON ThAT ThEY WERE TO BE
         KEPT AL-iVE. hAV-iNG COME TO nEPAL/ (HE HAD TO CHOOSE) BETWEEN
         ThE TWO ROADS (LEAD-iNG TO iND-iA)/ ThE ShORT BUT DANGEROUS ROAD/
         AND ThE LONG/ BUT SAFE ROAD. h-iS TUTELARY DE-iRY -iND-iCATED H-iM
         TO PROCEED BY ThE ShORT ROAD/ AND ThAT DANGCR WOULD NOT PRESENT
         -iTSELF. hE HAD A V-iS-iON OF aVALOK-ikSVARA -iN H-iS DREAM -iN ThE
         N-iGHT PRECED-iNG ThE CROSS-iNG OF ThE gARLGES. aT kOSALAKRAMA
         (ThE FERRY OF kOSALA) HE MET tSA-M-i (sAR;S-RGYAS GTAGS-PA).
         hE TW-iCE OFFETED H-iM A GOLDEN ZO/ tSA-LN-i ShOWED H-iM AN
         -iMAGE/ WH-iCH HAD BEEN CONSECRATED BY ThE bUDDHA AND
         FASh-iONED BY w-iSVAKARMAN. tHE -iMAGE PROVED S-iM-iLAR TO ThE
         ONE HE HAD SEEN -iN H-iS DREAM. oN SEE-iNG ThE -iMAGE/ AN
         EXCELLENT TRANS-iC MED-iUT-iON WAS PRODUCED -iN H-iM. dUR-iNG
         H-iS STAY -iN iND-iA/ aRYA aVALOK-iTESVARA APPEARED CONSTANDY/
         AND DEL-iVERED TO H-iM MANY D-iSCOURSES. hE ALSO SAW ThE
         V-iS-iON OF A YOG-iN-i WHO ADV-iSED H-iM TO RETURN. hE ALSO SAW
         aRYA aVALOK-iTESVARA -iN kARS AND ASKEDH "wHAT WAS ThE
         AFFL-iCT-iON?" tHE bODH-iSATTVA REPL-iEDH "s-iN-STAN-CAN HAS
         CAPTURED S-iXTY PR-iSONERS WHO ARE TORMENTED -iN A PR-iSON P-iT BY
         SNAKES AND FROGS/ AND ARE WEEP-iNG FROM PA-iN.// iN ThE MOR.
         N-iNG HE ASCERTA-iNED ThE FACT/ AND HAV-iNG PRESENTED A GOLDEN
         SRANS T~ ThE K-iNG/ BEGGED H-iM TO SET ThE PR-iSONERS FREE. tHE
                                                                         p.1022
         K-iNG SA-iDH ~uNLESS i GET ONE GOLDEN SRANS FOR EACH PR-iSONER/ i
         ShALL NOT RCLEASE ThEM!/' hE FREED ThE CAPT-iVES AeTER PAY-iNG
         ThE S-iXTY GOLDEN SRANS. hE ALSO CALLED A MED-iCAL PRACT-iT-iONER
         TO TREAT ThE-iR WOUNDS -iN~-iCTED BY SNAKES AND TORTURE. hE
         PA-iD H-iM ONE GOLDEN SRANS/ AND ThUS ACQU-iRED ThE GREAT FAME
    (8A) OF A bODH-iSATTVA. aGA-iN HE SAW aVALOK-i~ESVARA -iN TEARS/ AND
         WHEN HE ASKEDH "wHAT WAS ThE AFFL-iCT-iON?" ThE bODH-iSATTVA
         REPL-iEDH "bAND-iTS CARR-iED AWAY ThE GOLD WH-iCH BELONGED
         TO RgYUS LO-TSâƒ-BA/ AND ThE LATTET -iS FULL OF GR-iEF." fOLLOW-
         -iNG Th-iS -iND-iCAT-iON/ HE PROCEEDED -iN ThE MORN-iNG TO ThE HOUSE
         OF R~YUS-LO AND -iNQU-iRED AS TO WHAT HAD HAPPENED. tHE
         LO-TSA-BA SA-iD ~sUCH -iS MY SAD FATEL" hE GAVE H-iM TWO
         GOLDEN ZOS AND PLEASED H-iM. wHEN HE WAS PREPAR-iNG TO GO
         TO t-iBET/ HE SAW -iN A DREAM NUMEROUS PRETAS WHO SA-iD TO
         H-iM ~o GREAT LO TSA-BAL oN YOUR WAY TO t-iBET/ DANGERS W-iLL
         NOT BEFALL YOU ! pRESENT AN OL~ER-iNG TO US/ AND ThEN GO!// hE
         ThEN OF~ERED A GTOR-MA AND R-iCE COMPR-iS-iNG ELEVEN MEN/S LOADS.
         w-iTh ThE REMA-iN-iNG GOLD HE ENTERTA-iNED NUMEROUS NAT-iVES OF
         M~A/-R-iS (WHO HAD COME TO iND-iA). tHEY SA-iD (TO H-iM)H
         ~tHE PAND-iTA pATAH-iTA HAS COME TO M~A/-R-iS AND -iS PREACH-iNG
         ThE ~f-iVE tREAT-iSES OF mA-iTREYA' (bYAMS-CHOS SDE-LNA)/ AND
         ThE ~s-iX tREAT-iSES OF ThE mâƒDHYAMAKA SYSTEM/ (DBu-MA R-iGS-
         TShOGS-DRUG)./' hE JOURNEYED TO gUN-ThAN V-iA nEPAL. tHEN
         FTOM lOWER gRO HE PROCEEDED TO SpU-HRANS AND OBTA-iNED ThE
         ~s-iX tREAT-iSES OF ThE mâƒDHYAMAKA'' SYSTEM FROM ThE PAND-iTA
         (pARAH-iTA). a~TET ThAE HE WENT TO WORSh-iP (ThE -iMAGES) OF
         aVALOK-iTESVARA (mAHâƒKARUN-iKA)/ mANJUSR⌠AND tâƒRâƒ/ WH-iCH
         WERE FORMERLY BROUGHT BY ThE LO-TSâƒ-BA r-iN-CHEN BZAN-
         PO. tHAT N-iGHT -iN A DREAM HE WAS TOLD ThAT HE ShOULD
         TEPA-iR ThE B-iG TOE ON ThE FOOT OF ThE tARA. hE BROUGHT
         A (P-iECE OF) GOR-S-i-SA (<sKRT. GOSâŒRSA/ A K-iND OF SANDAL
         WOOD) W-iTh GOLD/ AND REPA-iRED ThE DAMAGE. aFTER ThAT HE
         AGA-iN JOURNEYED TO iND-iA AND OBTA-iNED FROM RdO-RjE GDAN-PA
         (tSA-M-i) NUMEROUS DOCTR-iNES/ SUCH AS ThE cYCLE OT aVALOK-iTES-
         VARA AND OThERS. tHEN HC AGA-iN RETURNED TO t-iBET. hE
         LABOURED FOR ThE WELFATE O~ L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS -iN MANY UPPER AND
                                                                         p.1023
         LOWER COUNTR-iES. hE HAD NUMEROUS D-iSC-iPLCS TO WHOM HE
         -iMPARTED ThE cYCLE OF aVALOK-iTESVARA. iN PART-iCULAR HE
         PREACHED Th~ cYCLE O~ aVALOK-iTESVARA TO SnUBS pHAG-MO LUN-
         PA/ ~E-GNAS iHO-PA AND MkHAng-PA tHAN-PA OF gUR;-ThAR;.
         tHE S-iDDHA ~AR;-ZUN OBTA-iNED (-iT) FROM ThE ABOVE ThREE. SkYE-
         MA gRAGS-TShUL OBTA-iNED -iT FROM H-iM. tHE LATTET (PREACHED -iT~
         TO KlU-SGRUB. tHE LATTER TO ThE BlA-MA DkA/-BZ-i-PA. tHE
         LATTER TO dON-ZAG PA ShES-RAB BRTSON-'GRUS. tHE LATTER TO
         dON-ZAGS-PA sANS-RGYAS R-iN-CHEN. hE BECAME ThE UPADHYAYA
         O~ s-i-TU DgE-BLO-BA AT /tShAL. bECAUSE OF Th-iS HE BECAME
         KNOWN AS ThE MAHâƒ-UPADHYâƒYA sAN-T-iN-PA. hE MET RgYAL-
         TShA/ ThE UPADHYAYA OF SpYLN-YAS. aT SpYAN-YAS HE LOOKED
    (8B) AFTER D-iSC-iPLES W-iTh ThE H~LP OF ThE cYCLE OF aRYA aVALOK-iTESVA-
         RA (-i.E. BY PTEACH-iNG TO ThEM ThE cYCLE OF aRYA aVALOK-iTESVARA).
         aFTET ThAT HE TRAVELLED ThROUGH ThE UPPER AND LOWER REG-iONS.
         lATER AT ThE T-iME OF H-iS PASS-iNG -iNTO n-iRVANA/ HE SA-iDH '~cON-
         VEY ME TO SpYAN-YAS/ ThE STR-iCTEST MONAST-iC COLLEGE." oN
         REACH-iNG SpYAN-YAS/ HE PASSED OUT. h-iS REMA-iNS ARE PRESERVED
         UNT-iL ThE PRESENT DAY -iNS-iDE A CLAY STUPA. tHE ACARYA G~ON-
         NU SMON-LAM OBTA-iNED FROM H-iM ThE cYCLE OF aMOGHAPASA.
         fROM H-iM ThE MAHâƒ-UPâƒDHYAYA sANS-RGYAS 'BUM-DPAL OBTA-iNED
         (-iT). h-iS UN-iNTERRUPTED l-iNEAGE EX-iSTS TO ThE PRESENT DAY.
         aGA-iN/ ONE NAMED dâƒ-bODH-iSATTVA/ WHO WAS A NEPHEW OF
         aASA/ AND WAS A bODH-iSATTVA OF Th-iS bHADRAKALPA/ PERSONALLY
         OBTA-iNED (ThE dOCTR-iNE) FROM aRYA (aMOGHAPASA). tHERE WAS
         A SCHOLAR NAMED PAnd-iTA ~RLDHANA/ WHO USED TO WORSh-iP ThE
         mAHABODH-i (-iMAGE) DUR-iNG ThE DAY/ AND AT N-iGHT USED TO
         MED-iTATE -iN A CEMETERY. wNEN HE RECE-iVED AN -iNV-iTAT-iON TO
         nEPâƒL/ ThE LO-TSâƒ-BA /pHAGS-TShUL OF M~A/-R-iS/ AND bYAN-SEMS
         ZLA-RGYAL OBTA-iNED FROM H-iM ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON AND BLESS-iNG/ AS
         WELL AS ThE cYCLE OF aRYA (aVALOK-iTESVARA). hE OF~ERED
         SEVEN GOLDEN SRANS/ HAV-iNG BORROWED ThEM FROM OThER PEOPLE.
         tHE PAND-iTA S~-iD ~tH-iS W-iLL DO (FOR ONE JOURNEY).~ hE
         ThEN PROCEEDED W-iTh ThE LO-TSA-BA TO iND-iA. fROM ThE bODH-i-
         SATTVA HE OBTA-iNED ThE dOCTR-iNE OF ThE S-iDDHA 7AR;-ZUN-PA.
         fROM H-iM SkYE-MA GRAGS-TShUL. fROM ThE LATTER ThE BlA-
                                                                         p.1024
         MA /~AM-DPAL RGYAL-MTShAN. fROM ThE LATTER ~-iG-PO KUN-
         GROL. fROM ThE LATTER lO-MO-BA sAngS-RGYAS STON-PA. fROM
         ThE LATTER sANS-RGYAS DBON-PO. aFTER H-iM G;~ON-NU BLO-GROS.
         tHEN gRAGS-PA RGYAL-MTShAN. tHEN gRAGS-PA BZAN-PO. tHCN
         ThE BlA-MA RdO-RJE RGYALMTShAN. hE CALLED H-iS CH-iEF DOCT
         R-iNE aMOGHAPASA. hE BENEF-iTED MANY LAYMEN AND MONKS/
         AND BECAME FAMOUS. aGA-iN FROM bYAN-SEMS ZLA-RGYAL--~-iN-
         PHUG-PA/ SkYE-MA GRAGS-TShUL/ ThE S-iDDHA DkON-MCH~G-
         GRASG/ sAngS-TGYAS '~AM-RGYAL/ tHUGS-TjE RGYAL-MTShAN/ ~HOS-KY-i
         RGYAL-MTShAN/ SkYES-MCHOG KlU-SGRUB/ DkA' BZ-i-PA DkON- (GA)
         MCHOG GZON-NU/ '~?M-DBYAngS tHUGS-TjE SES-RAB/ kUN-MKHYEN
         yON-TAN MGON-PO/ ThE bLA-MA G~ON-NU BYAN-CHUB/ AND ~ANS-
         PA kUN-MKHYEN. aGA-iN/ gRAng-PO LUN-PA/ BlA-CHEN-PA/ /~HH-iMS
         nAM-MKHA/-GRAGS/ BsOD-NAMS YE-SES/ ThE UPâƒDHYAYA gRAGS-PA
         G~ON-NU/ ThE MAHA-UPADHYAYA BsOD-NAMS-GRAGS/ RgYALSRAS
         tHOGS-MED-PA/ ThE dHARMASVAM-iN RgYA-MA-BA/ yON-TAN-'OD/
         AND kURL-MKHYEN ~ANS-PA. tHE LATTER BESTOWED -iT ON ME.
         tHE l-iNEAGE OF T~E r-iGS~TAD (N.O~ AN -iN-iT-iAT-iON CERE-
         MONY) OF ThE F-iVE GODS OF ThE PAR-iVARA OF aMOGH~ SAH
         aVALOK-iTESVARA/ ~âŒLAKARA/ wA-iROCANARAKS-iTA/ bA-R-i LO-TSA-BA/ SkYE-
         MA GRAGS-TShUL/ ThE ACARYA dON-ZAGS-PA OF SnAR-ThAN/ ThE
         MAHA-UPADHYâƒYA SkYO/ bYAN-CHEN-PA BsOD-/PHEL/ bAG-STON-PA/
         ThE BlA-MA tShUL-RGY~L-BA/ AND kUN MKHYEN ~ANS-PA. tHE
         LATTER BESTOWED -iT ON ME. hE BESTOWED ON ME ThC r-iGS-STAD
         (N.OF AN -iN-iT-iAT-iON R-iTE) AND ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON OF ThE eLEVEN-~ACED
         aVALOK-iTESVARA TRANSM-iTTED ThROUGH Th-iS l-iNEAGE. tHE DETA-iLED
         EXPOS-iT-iON (DMAR-KHR-iD) OF ThE cYCLE OF ThE gTEAT mERC-i~UL
         oNE (mAHAKARUN-iKA) ACCORD-iNG TO ThE SYSTEM OF bYAN-SEMS
         ZLA-RGYAL (tHUGS-RJE-CHEN-PO-I DMAR-KHR-iD bYAN-SEMS ZLA-R~YAL
         LUGS)H SkY-i-TShA 'OD-'BYUN HAV-iNG HEATD OF ThE FAME OF bYAN-
         SEMS PROCECDED -iNTO ThE LATTER/S PRESENCE/ AND PERCE-iVED H-iM
         AS aVALOK-iTES~ARA. aGA-iN/ ON ANOThER OCCAS-iON/ HE SAW H-iM
         AS H-iS TEACHER. aGA-iN/ WHENEVER A STRONG FEEL-iNG OF RE~RERENCE
         F-iLLED H-iM/ HE SAW ThC tEACHER AS aVALOK-iTESVARA. bYAN-SEMS
         SA-iD (TO H-iRN)H ~tHROUGH YOUR dOCTR-iNE BENEF-iT W-iLL AR-iSE FOR
         L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS"/ AND -iMPARTED -iT TO H-iM. fROM H-iM ;~AN-DBU-
                                                                         p.1025
         DKAR-BA HEARD -iT. tHE LATTER OBTA-iNED ThE POWER OF ThE mAN-i OF
         ThE R-iTE/ AND WAS ABLE TO COMMAND GODS AND DEMONS. hE O~
         TA-iNED ThE POWER O~ ThE tRUE wORD (DBEN-TSh-iG/ A FACULTY OF
         OBTA-iN-iNG ThE FULF-iLMENT OF ONE'S OWN WORDS). w-iTh ThE HELP OF
         Th-iS DOCTR-iNE HE CAUSED GREAT BENEF-iT TO OThERS. hE PREACHED
         ThE DOCTR-iNE TO ~AN LO-TSA-BA mYA-NAN MED-PA/-i SA-DPAL. iN
         H-iS DREAMS HE HAD REPEATED ~-iS-iONS OF ThE mAHAKARUN-iKA AND
         WAS ABLE TO L-iSTEN TO H-iS PREACH-iNG. hE -iMPARTED -iT TO ThE
         UPâƒDHYâƒYA bYAN-CHUB R-iN-CHEN. tHE LAETER WAS WELL
         QUAL-iF-iED FOR REL-iG-iOL~S STUD-iES AND GREAT WAS ThE BENEF-iT FOR
         ThE L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS. aMONG H-iS D-iSC-iPLES ThERE WERE MANY
    (9B) WHO HAD V-iS-iONS OF aVALOK-iTESVARA. hE PREACHED (ThE cYCLE
         OF aVALOK-iTESVARA) TO L~HE-SGOMS ~E~RAB RDO-RJE. tHE LATTER
         PREACHED -iT TO ThE S-iDDHA hURN-'BAR. tHE LATTER HAD V-iS-iONS
         OF TUTELARY DE-iT-iES/ AND AMANUSYAS (DEMONS) USED TO APPEAR
         ~N PERSON TO ACCEPT (H-iS) OF~ER-iNGS. hE PREACHED (ThE cYCLE)
         TO ThE MAHA-UPADHYAYA bYAN-CHUB DPAL/ WHO HAD V-iS-iONS
         OF wAJRAPAN-i AND mAHAKALA ~MgON-PO). hE WAS ENDOWET
         W-iTh A BOUNDLESS FACULTY OF PRESC-iENCE. hE -iMPAREED (ThE
         cYCLE) TO DpAL RgYAL-BA GRU~PA/ WHO AFTET TEC-iT-iNG ThE
         NUMBER OF MANTRAS PRESCR-iBED FOT ThE PROP-iT-iAT-iON OF ThE F-iVE
         DE-iT-iES (OF ThE PAR-iVARA OF aMOGHAPASA) AT ThE SACRED PLACE OF
         tHUGS-RJE-RDZOR;/ ACQU-iRED MANY MER-iTS/ SUCH AS V-iS-iONS OF
         ThE eLEVEN-FACED oNE (aVALOK-iTESVARA)/ ETC. hE -iMPARTED
         (ThE cYCLE) TO ThE MAHA-UPADHYâƒYA '~-iMS-CHEN-PA/ WHO HAD
         V-iS-iONS OF H-iS TUTELARY DE-iTY AND DEVELOPED A YOG-iC -iNS-iGHT.
         hE PREACHED (ThE cYCLE) TO ThE ASCET-iC (KUN-SPANS) r-i-KHROD-
         PA/ WHO HAD V-iS-iONS OF MANY TUTELARY DC-iT-iES. r-i-KHROD-
         PA BESTOWED -iT ON ThE MAHâƒ-UPADHYAYA G~ON-NU-'BUM. tHE
         LATTER BESTOWED -iT ON ThE dHARMASVAMLN ~HHU-TShAN-KHA-PA
         sES-RAB-DPAL. tHE LATTER BESTOWED -iT ON SkYES-MCHOG nAM-
         MKHA' BZAN-PO.
         tHE cHAPTER ON ThE cYCLE OF aMOGHAPASA. tHE DETA-iL-
         ED EXPOS-iT-iON (DMAR-KHR-iD) OF ThE METhOD OF zLA-RGYAL
         (ZLA-LA RGYAB-MTShAN). tHE OR-iG-iNS OF ThE cYCLE O~ ThE gREAT
         ?V~ERC-iFUL oNE (mAHâƒKARUN-iKA)/ WH-iCH OR-iG-iNATED W-iTh lA-STOD
                                                                         p.1026
         DmAR-PO tHE bUDDHA aM-iTâƒBHA/ AND ThE DAK-iNL gUHYAJNANâƒ
         (GsAN-BA YE-SES). sHE PREACHED -iT TO lA-BA-PA OT SpYOD-PA-PA.
         tHE LATTER TO dUR-KHROD-PA OR b-i-TU-PA (w-iRUPA). tHE LATTER
         ~OTdO-RJE GDAN-PA/ ThE sEN-iOR. tHE LATTER TO lA-STOD DmAR-
         PO. e~-iS NAUVE PLACE WAS /u-YUG. hE WAS BORN AS SON OF
         FAThER/ ThE ASCET-iC (SGOM-CHEN) lHA-BRTAN AND MOThER aR-MO
         S-iN-NA. . hE BELONGED TO ThE rAM CLAN. wHEN HE WAS A
         CH-iLD/ HE W-iThS-iX CH-iLDREN STONED TO DEATh A MAD DOG.
         tHEN ThEY/ -iM-iTAT-iNG A HOMA CEREMONY OF ThE tANTR-iCS/
         BURNT ThE DOG/S CORPSE -iNS-iDE SOME ShRUBS/ AND ThUS CON-
         RACTED SOME nAGAS. h-iS PLAYMATES D-iED W-iTh-iN ONE YEAR/
         AND HE H-iMSELF SUFFERED FROM ThE D-iSEASE (LEPROSY). hE (LOA)
         iEARNED ThE METhOD OF MED-iTAT-iNG ON aCALA (m-i GYO-BA) FROM
         H-iS UNCLE/ WHO WAS A KALYANA-M-iRRA/ AND REPEATED A FEW OF
         ThE MANTRAS/ BUT HAD NO FA-iTh -iN ThEM. hE USED TO -iM-iRATE
         H-iS UNCLE AND ThE LATTET BECAME D-iSPLEASED/ AND SA-iD TO H-iMH
         ~hOW TRUE -iS RHE SAY-iNG ThAT A RELAT-iVE -iS A POOR TEACHER !
         yOU HAD BETTER PROCEED TO SOMEONE ELSE//. tHEN A ThOUGHT
         CAME TO H-iM ~wDL! i ShALL D-iE. i HAD BETTER GO TO iND-iA//.
         hE HAD A WEALThY AUNT/ WHO POSSESSED A TURQUO-iSE CALLED
         DmAR-RKAN-TShOGS. hE BORROWED -iT FROM HER/ AND TOLD HER
         ThAT ONE OF H-iS COUS-iNS WAS GETT-iNG MARR-iED/ AND ThAT ShE
         ~-iShED TO WEAR -iT DUR-iNG ThE CEREMONY. iNSTEAD/ HE PLACED
         ThE TURQUO-iSE -iNS-iDE A SPL-iT BAMBOO ST-iCK AND CARR-iED -iT
         AWAY TOWATDS lA-STOD. hE SPENT ONE DAY AT d-iN-R-i.
         aFTER HAV-iNG GONE A L-iRTLE D-iSTANCE FROM ThAT PLACE/ HE
         D-iSCOVERED ThAT HE HAD LEFT ThE S~-iCK BEH-iND/ AND RETURNED.
         dAM-PA sANS-RGYAS GAVE H-iM ThE ST-iCK. oN REACH-iNG
         kHAB gUN-ThAN/ HE MET ONE NAMED mAR-PA LO-TS⃠WEAR-iNG
         A BLACK GARMENT AND LEAD-iNG A BLACK DOG/ WHO WAS GO-iNG
         TOWARDS iND-iA. hE RCQUESTED H-iM TO GU-iDE H-iM ON ThE
         pA~H. mAR-PA SA-iDH ~'yOU ShOULD EXCHANGE Th-iS TUTQUO-iSE/
         WH-iCH CANNOT BE D-iSPOSED OFF -iN iND-iA OR nEPâƒL/ FOR GOLD".
         hE ThEN RETURNED EO i~S-l~D AND SOLD ThE TURQUO-iS~/ REAL-i-
         Z-iNG 46 GOLDEN SRANS. tH-iS mARLO (mAR-PA LO-TSA-BA) WAS
         A WORSh-iPPER OF mAHâƒKALA AND HE CBR~-iNED FROM H-iM ThE
                                                                         p.1027
         SADHANA OF mAHAKâƒLA. wHEN HE HAD REACHED ThE pLA-iNS
         OF iND-iA/ HE SAW -iN H-iS DREAM ThAT ThE sUN HAD MERGED -iNTO
         H-iM/ AND ThAT HE WAS HOLD-iNG ThE mOON -iN H-iS HAND/ AND
         WAS FLY-iNG ThROUGH SPACE. wHEN HE AWOKE/ HE FELT AN
         APPREHENS-iON R-iS-iNG -iN H-iM. hE REPORTED ThE MATTER TO
         mAR-LO WHO SA-iDH "dON'T BE ALARMED! tHE MERG-iNG OF
         ThE sUN -iNTO YOU -iS A S-iGN ThAT YOU W-iLL PENETRATE ThE
         PROFOUND DOCTR-iNE. tHE HOLD-iNG OF ThE mOON -iN YOUR HAND
         -iS A S-iGN ThAT YOU W-iLL BE OF BENEF-iT TO OThERS. tHE
         FLY-iNG ThROUGH SPACE -iS ThE S-iGN OF YOUR AB-iL-iTY TO MASTER ThE
         M-iNDS (OF OThERS)." wHEN HE CAME TO RdO-RJE GDAN-PA/ HE
         PRESENTED H-iM HALF OF ThE GOLD AND ASKED HLM TO BESTOW ThE
         METhOD W-iTh WH-iCH HE COULD REMOVE H-iNDRANCES -iN Th-iS L-iFE/
         AND OBTA-iN eNL-iGHTENMENT -iN ThE NEXT. RdO-RJE GDAN-PA
         -iMPARTED TO H-iM ThE MED-iTAT-iON MAN~A OF ThE gREAT mERC-iFUL
         oNE (mAHAKARUN-iKA)/ AND (TO STRESS -iTS SECRET NATU~RE~ HE
         -iNTRODUCED A BAMBOO TUBE -iNTO H-iS EAR/ AND ThROUGH -iT
         REPEATED ~oM MAN-i PADME HUM". hE ThOUGHT -iN H-iM-
         SELFH ~tH-iS MANTRA -iS TEPEATED ThROUGHOUT t-iBET BY ALL OLD
         MEN/ WOMEN AND EVEN CH-iLDREN. tH-iS DOCTR-iNE SEEMS TO BE
         A COMMON ONE". tHE tEACHER PERCE-iVED (H-iS DOUBTS) AND
         GAVE H-iM BACK ThE GOLD. h-iS FACE DARKENED/ AND HE RELATED
   (10B) ThE STOLY TO mAR-LO. mAR/LO SA-iD TO H-iMH "tHE tEACHER
         WAS T-iSPLEASED W-iTh YOU! yOU HAD BETTER CONFESS (YOUR FAULT)!
         aSK ThE tEACHET FOR ThE R-iTE OF CONFESS-iON." hE ACCORD-iNGLY
         ASKED ThE tEACHER/ WHO SA-iDH "eAT EXCREMENT AND UR-iNE!"
         hE D-iD SO. tHEN ThE tEACHER BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON
         -iNTO ThE METhOD OF MED-iTAT-iON/ AND HE PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON.
         fOR ONE MONTh HE TEPEATED ThE '~s-iX LET~ERS fOTMULA" (oM
         mAN. -i-pADME-HUM)/ ULD SAW -iN H-iS DREAM ThAT MANY SCORP-iONS
         AND SNAKES HAD COME OUT OF H-iS BODY/ AND ThAT H-iS BED WAS
         F-iLLED W-iTh SNAKES. hE ~ELT L-iGHTNESS A~D SEREN-iTY. h-iS
         WOUNDS AND SORES D-iSAPPEARED/ AND HE BEGAN DANC-iNG UP AND
         DOWN. nEXT MORN-iNG HE WENT -iNTO ThE PRESENCE
         OF ThE tEACHER AND PRESENTED H-iM W-iTh A GOLDEN
         SRANS. tHE tEACHER ThEN -iMPARTED TO H-iM ThE tANTRA OF ThE
                                                                         p.1028
         gREAT mETC-i~UL oNE (ThERE EX-iST SEVERAL tHUGS-RjE CHEN-PO-I
         RGYUD) TOGEThER W-iTh ThE SADHANA (PROP-iT-iAT-iNG R-iTE) AND
         PRECEPTS. hE PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON AT wAJRâƒSANA. iN H-iS DREAM
         ThE tâƒR⃠ADV-iSED H-iM TO GO TO sHâŒTAVANA (Bs-iL-PA TShAL). hE
         ASKED RdO-RjE GDAN-PA/ BUT ThE LATTER ADV-iSED H-iM NOT TO GO.
         tHEN AGA-iN HE HAD A CLEAR V-iS-iON OF ThE wENERABLE oNE (tâƒRâƒ)
         WHO AGA-iN TOLD H-iM TO GO. hE AGA-iN RELATED ThE MATTER TO
         RdO-RJE GDAN-PA/ WHO SA-iD ~nOW YOU KNOW (MORE ThAN i).
         gO ThERE!/' hE STAYED AT ThE ~OOT OF ThE nYAGRODHA TREE -iN ThE
         ~cOOL gROVE// (sHâŒTAVANA) AND A LARGE BLACK SNAKE ENTW-iNED
         -iTSELF ROUND H-iM AND ~HE TREE/ SO ThAT HE WAS UNABLE TO
         BREAThE. aFTER PRACT-iS-iNG MED-iTAT-iON/ HE WAS -iMMED-iATELY
         FREED AND ThE SNAKE TRANSFORMED -iTSELF -iNTO wA-iSRAVANA/ WHO
         OL~ERED H-iM H-iS l-iFE-MANTRA (SR-i-iN-PO) AND PROM-iSED TO EXECUTE
         ALL H-iS W-iShES. hE ThEN HELD A CONTEST -iN MAG-iC POWERS
         W-iTh SOME HERET-iCS ON ThE BANKS OF ThE gANGES. tHE HERET-iCS
         WERE DEFEATED AND HE CONVERTED ThEM TO ThE dOCTR-iNE OF
         bUDDHA. h-iS DOCTR-iNE CONS-iSTED OF ThE FOLLOW-iNGH ThE TEACH-
         -iNGS -iMPARTED TO H-iM BY RdO-RJE GDAN-PA/ ThOSE TAUGHT TO
         H-iM BY DâƒK-inâŒS WH-iLE HE WAS STAY-iNG AT sHiTAVANA/ SUCH
         AS ThE pRECEPTS RANSOM-iNG DEATh (/~H-i-LA BSLU-BA-I GDAMS-
         ngAG) -iN ORDER TO REMOVE M-iSFORTUNES TO H-iS PHYS-iCAL BODY/
         ThE lAM-SBYOR-BA-LNA/ W-iTh ThE HELP OF WH-iCH ONE WAS
         ABLE TO CROSS ThE F-iVE pAThS S-iMULTANEOUSLY/ ThE D~AN-BZ-i-
         KHUG-PA (ThE cOMB-iNAT-iON OF ThE fOUR iN-iT-iAT-iONS) WH-iCH
         REMOVED DEF-iLEMENTS FROM SLNS AND HELPED TO ACQU-iRE POWER/
         AND ThE pRECEPTS O~ MERG-iNG ThE 18 K-iNDS OF RELAT-iV-iTY (STOng-
         PA BCWO-BRGYAD) -iNTO ThE ESSENCE OF ThE mERC-iFUL oNE W-iTh
         ThE V-iEW OF PRACT-iS-iNG ALL ThE DOCTR-iNES S-iMULTANEOULY. fOLLOW-
   (11A) -iNG ThE ADV-iCE OF RdO-RJE GDAN-PA/ HE PRACT-iSED FOR S-iX YEARS
         SECRET tANTR-iC R-iTES AND ThEN FOR SEVEN YEARS HE PRACT-iSED
         MED-iTAT-iON -iN ThE CAVE OF StAG-TShAng SEN-GE (-iN 'brug.yul/
         bHUtâƒN). mANY S-iGNS OF SP-iR-iTUAL REAL-iZAT-iON WERE MAN-i-
         FESTED TO H-iM. hE WAS ABLE TO COVER ThE D-iSTANCE OF F-iFTEEN
         DAYS -iN HALF A DAY/ AND ARR-iVED -iN LcOG-RO 'BR-iN-MTShAMS.
         bECAUSE HE WAS WEAR-iNG A RED MANTLE AND A ROYAL TURBAN ON
                                                                         p.1029
         
         ! -iS HEAD/ HE BECAME KNOWN AS dAM-PA DmAR-PO. hE SETTLED
         AT RgYA-MA R-iE-KHA/ AND V-iS-iTED (ThE COUNTRY) AS FAR AS s-i-R-iB
         AND GlO-BO.
         wHEN (ThE COUNTRV) WAS ThREATENED BY ThE TROOPS OF ThE
         gAR-LOG (qARLUQ)/ HE ShOT AN ARROW -iNTO A LARGE BOULDER AND
         P-iERCED -iT. tHE TROOPS HAV-iNG SEEN -iT/ RET-iRED. aT 'bring-
         MTShAMS/ HE ERECTED A WH-iTE TENT ON ThE ShORE OF ThE LAKE
         DUR-iNG ThE PER-iOD OF F-iSh-iNG/ AND SPENT SOME T-iME AT bRE-
         CHUN. aLL SAW ThAT A.LAKE NYMPH OFFERED H-iM "WATER ShEEP"
         (MTShO-LUG). eNDOWED W-iTh SUCH POWERS AND PRECEPTS/ HE
         LABOURED FOR ThE WELFARE OF OThERS FOR A LONG T-iME. iN ThE
         END/ A D-iSCLPLE OF H-iS GAVE H-iM SOME PO-iSON AT mYU-GU-LUng.
         tHOUGH FOREWARNED/ HE PARTOOK OF -iT/ AND D-iED. aFTER ThE
         CREMAT-iON (OF H-iS REMA-iNS) A FEW BONES AND MANY REL-iCS WERE
         RECOVERED (FROM ThE AShES).
            kAT-MA PA-S-i MA-iNTA-iNED ThAT HE HAD BEEN dAM-PA DmAR-
         PO. tH-iS CANNOT BE GRASPED BY ThOUGHT. oF H-iS TWO SONS--
         ThE SCHOLAR BsOD-NAMS R-iN-CHEN/ AGED 12/ PROCEEDED TO ThE
         RES-i(LENCE OF '~AN-PA StON-SKYABS W-iThOUT H-iS FAThER'S PERM-i-
         SS-iON/ AND STUD-iED UNDER H-iM. aFTER ThE LAPSE OF ONE YEAR/
         H-iS FAThET BROUGHT H-iM ABOUT 16 DONKEY-LOADS OF PROV-iS-iONS/
         AND SA-iDH "aFTER COMPLET-iNG YOUR STUD-iES/ YOU ShOULD REMOVE
         ALL (YOUR) DOUBTS." hE ALSO MADE A LONG STAY AT ThE MONAST-iC
         COLLEGE OF 7AN-E-PA. ~ROM ThE AGE OF 12 To ThE AGE OF 32/ HE
         CONT-iNUED H-iS STUD-iES/ AND MASTERED ALL ThE TREAT-iSES !~ELONG-iNG
         TO CHE tANTRA AND sUTRA CLASSES. tHE EFFECTS OF H-iS STUD-iES
         BECAME MAN-iFEST -iN M-iD-L-iFE/ AND NUMEROUS KALYâƒNA-M-iTRAS
         APPEARED (AMONG H-iS D-iSC-iPLES). hE D-iD NOT G-iVE UP H-iS
         STUD-iES TO ThE VERY END/ AND ThROUGHOUT Th-iS T-iME H-iS TRANS-iC
         MED-iTAT-iON WAS PERFECT. hAV-iNG BECOME VERY LEARNED/ HE
         WROTE TREAT-iSES/ SUCH AS ThE "m-iRROR OF kARMA" (lAS-KY-i
   (11B) ME-LON)/ ETC./ AND BENEF-iTTED OThERS. aFTER ThE CREMAT-iON
         (OF H-iS REMA-iNS)/ AN -iMAGE OF sAMVARA -iN ThE YUGANADDHA
         ATT-iTUDE (YAB-YUM) AND MANY OThER REL-iCS WERE RECOVERED (FROM
         ThE AShES). tHE YOUNGEST (SON) b+ha-ruH WHEN HE WAS 17/
         H-iS FAThER SA-iD TO H-iMH "tHE T-iME FOR MY DEPARTURE HAS
                                                                         p.1030
         COME! i ShALL -iMPART PT~CEPTS (TO YOU)." iN ThE CAVE OF
         L~-iM-CHU-RDO HE BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE cYCLES OF ThE dAK-iMS.
         aT mAN-KAR-MDA' HE BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE BAS-iC TEXT OF ThE
         cYCLE OF ThE gTEAT mERC-iFUL oNE {mAHAKATUN-iKA) TOGEThER
         W-iTh -iTS EXPOS-iT-iON. aT GdAN-SA NE-KHA HE BESTOWED ON H-iM
         ThE PROP-iT-iAT-iNG R-iTES (SADHANAS)/ AND TOLD H-iMH ~yOU ShOULD
         MA-iNLY P~ACT-iSE MED-iTAT-iON. tHE POWER OF BENEF-iTT-iNG L-iV-iNG
         BE-iNGS W-iLL AR-iSE.// hE PTACNSED MED-iTAT-iON/ AND H-iS YOG-iC
         -iNS-iGHT BECAME S-iM-iLAR TO ThE sKY (-iN LOFT-iNESS). hE FOLLOWED
         ThE PTACT-iCE WH-iCH CONS-iSTED -iN -iM-iTAT-iNG -iNSAN-iY/ AND LABOURED
         FOR ThE WELFATE OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS.
            SmYON-PA idOM~HUN (ThERE EX-iSTS A MANUSCR-iPT l-iFE-
         STOTY (RNAM-ThAR) OF SmYON-PA idOM~HUN)H HE WAS ThE SON
         OF ONE NAMED RgYA-GAR/ ThE CH-iEF OF uPPET mYAN. iN H-iS
         CH-iLDHOOD HE WENT AS ATTENDANT OF dAM-PA DmAR-PO/ AND
         OBTA-iNED PRECEPTS (FROM H-iM). hAV-iNG DEVELOPED YOG-iC
         -iNS-iGHT/ HE L-iVED AS A BEGGAR. hE SPENT SOME T-iME AT VAT-iOUS
         PLACES -iN gtshan/ lha-sa AND bsam-yas. lATER HE JOURNEYED TO
         'phyos/ BU-iLT A SMALL HUT/ AND SETTLED ThERE. bECAUSE OF
         ENVY ShOWN BY ThE LOCAL -iNaHAB-iTANTS/ HE HAD TO DESTROY AND
         REBU-iLD -iT SEVETAL T-iMES. aFTER ThAT HE PROCEEDED TO ThE
         MONASTERY OF ri-bo/ AND ThERE LABOURED EXTENS-iVELY FOR ThE
         WELFARE OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS. hE PASSED AWAY ThERE. hE BES-
         TOWED ThE K-iDDEN PRECEPTS OF DmAR-PO ON ThE ACâƒRYA DkON-
         GNER. tHE l-iNEAGE OF pERM-iSS-iON (iUN) TO READ ThESE PRE-
         CEPTS ST-iLL EX-iSTS.
            tHE cHAPTER ON lA-STOD DmAR-PO (ALSO CALLED SpRUL-SKU
         DmAR-PO).
            tHE STORY OF ThE DOCTR-iNES TAUGHT BY ThE wENERABLE
         m-iTRAYOG-iN (m-iTRA-DZ~K-i).
            tHE wENERABLE m-iTRAH HE WAS BORN -iN ThE GREAT C-iTY OF
         DLE COUNNY OF rA~DHA (rADHA -iN mAYjRABHANJA -iN oR-iSSA)
         -iN eASTERN iND-iA. hE WAS ACCEPTED (AS D-iSC-iPLE) BY lAL-iTA-
         VAJRA (rOL-PA/-i RDO-RJE)/ A D-iRECT D-iSC-iPLE OF t-iLL-i-PA. fOR 1 2
         YEARS HE MED-iTATED AT kHA-SAR-PANA. aVALOK-iTESVARA SUR-
   (12A) ROUNDED BY H-iS RET-iNUE MAN-iFESTED H-iMSELF TO H-iM/ AND
                                                                         p.1031
         EXPOUNDED ThE dOCTR-iNE TO H-iM/ AND HE ATTA-iNED SP-iR-iTUAL
         REAL-iZAT-iON (S-iDDH-i) (Th-iS -iS H-iS F-iRST M-iRACLE). h-iS NAME WAS
         aJ-iTAM-iTRAGUPTA (m-i-PHAM BSES-GNEN SBAS-PA). eKAJATâŒ
         TAUGHT H-iM ThE UPAYA-MARGA/ AND HE WAS ABLE TO REAL-iZE ALL
         H-iS W-iShES/ BY PRAY-iNG TO HER AND PLAC-iNG -iN FRONT OF H-iM-
         SELF A WOODEN TRAY. tH-iS WAS (H-iS) SECOND M-iRACLE. tHERE
         WERE 12/000 MONKS AT oTANTAPUR-i/ AND ThERE WAS D-iSCORD
         AMONG ThEM. oNE OF ThE PART-iES WAS SUPPORTED BY ThE
         bUN-S-iN K-iNG WHO LED H-iS TROOPS AGA-iNST ThE MONASTERY.
         (m-iTRA) ThREW H-iS MACE/ AND ThE ~OOPS TERROR STL-iCKEN
         DECAMPED. nO HARM RESULTED TO ThE MONKS AND ThE V-iHARAS.
         tH-iS WAS (H-iS) Th-iRD (M-iRACLE). dUR-iNG ThE RE-iGN OF K-iNG
         s-iN-LTAD KHAN (sULTAN KHAN) TROOPS FROM wATANASL/ ThC DUST
         TA-iSED BY (ThE-iT MARCH-iNG FEET) ALMOST ShROUD-iNG ThE sUN/
         ATTEMPTED TO DESTTOY ThE dOCTR-iNE OF bUDDHA -iN mAGADHA.
         (m-iTRAYOG-iN)/ NAKED/ ShOUTED (AT ThEM) AND ThE eARTh ShOOK/
         AND ALL MEN AND AN-iMALS STOOD MOT-iONLESS. tHE K-iNG
         BEGGED TO BE FORG-iVEN/ ANT HE REL-iEVED ThEM FROM TORPOR.
         tH-iS WAS (H-iS) FOURTh M-iRACLE. tHE K-iNG yASAS (gRAGS-PA)
         -iNV-iTED ThE MONKS OF ThE FOUR SCHOOLS (SDE-BZ-i) mAHASThA-
         V-iRAS/ sARVAST-iVAD-iNS/ mAHASAMM-iTLYAS AND mAHASANGH-iKAS
         AS W-iTNESSES/ AND DECLAREDH ~sHOULD HETET-iCS BE ABLE TO
         MOVE MY WOODEN ThRONE/ i WOULD G-iVE ThEM A ThOUSAND
         GOLDEN SRANS AND WOULD CONVERT ALL bUDDH-iSTS TO ThE DOCTR-iNE
         OF ThE HERET-iCS. sHOULD ThEY FA-iL/ i WOULD CONVERR ALL
         HERET-iCS TO ThE bUDDH-iST DOC~-iNE". iN ThE CENRRE OF A W-iDE
         PLA-iN HE ERECTED H-iS WOOTEN DLRONE. (m-iRRAYOG-iN EXETC-iSED H-iS
         POWERS) AND ThE HERET-iCS WERE UNABLE ~O MOVE ThE ThRONE EVEN
         A L-iTDE. tHEN ThE HERET-iCS WERE CONVERTED TO bUDDH-iSM. tH-iS
         WAS (H-iS) F-iF~H M-iRACLE. k-iNG uPA~A (uDBHAEA?) COVERED A P-iT
         W-iTh CLOTh AND -iNV-iTED ThE tEACHER TO S-iT ON -iT. tHE tEACHER FELL
         (-iNTO ThE P-iT). tHE K-iNG ThEN COVERED ThE OPEN-iNG OF DLE P-iT
         W-iTh WOOD AND STONES/ BUT ThE tEACHER WAS ABLE TO REACH ThE
         MARKET PLACE/ AND SA-iDH "i ShOULD HAVE BEEN -iNV-iEED TO ThE
         pALACE BY ThE K-iNG." tHE K-iNG FELT REMORSE AND PLACED ThE
         tEACHER'S FOOT ON (H-iS) HEAD. tH-iS WAS (H-iS) S-i~ M-iRACLE. aGA-iN
                                                                         p.1032
         ThE K-iNG ORDERED WOOD TO BE P-iLED UP/ AND PLACED ThE tEACHER
         ON TOP OF -iT. fOR ThREE DAYS HE SET F-iRE TO -iT/ BUT ThE tEACHET
         REMA-iNED UNBURNT. tH-iS WAS (H-iS) SEVENTh M-iRACLE. wHEN HE
         WAS PREACH-iNG ThE F-iVE PROFOUND SLOKAS TO ThE K-iNG OF wâƒRANASâŒ/
         A ShOWER OF ~OWERS FELL FROM ThE sKY/ AND HE ShOWED H-iM
         ThE V-iS-iON OF A DEVAPUTRA OFFER-iNG H-iM A VASE F-iLLED W-iTh
         NECTAR. tH-iS WAS (H-iS) E-iGHTh M-iRACLE. wHEN ThE K-iNG REQUES~ED
   (12B) ThAT HE M-iGHT BE -iN-iT-iATED/ m-iTRA TOLD H-iMH ~yOU MUST DRAW
         ThE OUTL-iNE OF RHE RAJA MANDALA W-iTh JEWELS./' tHE K-iNG
         ThOUGHT ThAT ThE YOG-iN WAS DECE-iV-iNG H-iM/ AND REGRETTED H-iS
         REQUEST FOR -iN-iT-iAT-iON. m-iTRAYOG-iN ThEN ShOWET H-iMSELF
         S-iTT-iNG AM-iDST CLOUDS -iN ThE sKY. tH-iS WAS (H-iS~ N-iNTh
         (M-iRACLE). f-iLLED W-iTh ShAME/ ThE K-iNG ~ORSh-iPPED ~ LN FOT
         SEVEN DAYS/ AND ThE YOG-iN CAME DOWN ON A POND/ AND SAT
         ThERE. tH-iS WAS (H-iS) TENTh (M-iRACLE). tHEN ThE K-iNG
         PRESENTED H-iM A TOWN OF 1/600/0000 FAM-iL-iES TO SUPPORT
         H-iM. tHE tEACHER BU-iLT ThERE A HOSP-iCE (SBY-iN-GTON-G-i KHAN-
         PA)/ AND D-iSTR-iBUTED ALMS FOR ThREE YEATS. aFTET ThE LAPSE OF
         ThREE YEATS/ HE D-iSAPPEARED W-iThOUT ANYONE KNOW-iNG WHERE HE
         HAD GONE. tH-iS WAS (H-iS) ELEVENTh M-iRACLE. tHEN -iN ThE
         V-iC-iN-iTY OF ThE kURU-V-iHARA (kU-RU B-i-HA-RA) OF ThE sOUTh/
         ThERE WERE TWO YAKSAS WHO USED TO DEVOUR AN OLD AND A YOUNG
         MAN OF ThE TAWN EACH DAY. hE SUBDUED ThEM AND BU-iLT A
         TEMPLE. tH-iS WAS (H-iS) TWELVETh M-iRACLE.
            iN ORDER TO K-iNDLE ThE FA-iTh OF ThE MONKS/ HE CAST A MAG-iC
         GLANCE (UPWARDS)/ AND ALL ThE B-iRDS OF ThE SKY CAME DOWN ON
         H-iS HAND AND OBEYED H-iS WORDS. tH-iS WAS (H-iS) Th-iRTEENTh
         M-iRACLE. tHOUGH HE D-iD NOT PREACH ThE dOCTR-iNE ;O ThE 84
         CH-iEFS OF wARâƒNASL/ BY A MERE MENTAL PROJECT-iON HE CAUSED
         ThEM TO MED-iTATE ON SKELETONS ~kEN-RUS-SOGS/KY-i 'DU-SES);ETC.
         tHEY PROCEEDED TO A FOREST/ AND EMANC-iPATED ThE-iR M-iNDS
         FTOM ThE NOT-iONS (PECUL-iAR) TO WORLDLY BE-iNGS. tH-iS WAS (H-iS)
         FOURTEENTh M-iRACLE. tHEN ThE K-iNG jAYASENA AND ThE PAND-iTA
         aNANjA M-iSTTUSTED H-iM AND MADE AN ATTEMPT ON H-iS L-iFE.
         hE PLACED ThEM -iN ThE MUDRA/ (POSTURE) OF -iNTENSE MENTAL
         CONCENTRAT-iON AND CONCENTRATED H-iS M-iND ON ThE MEAN-iNG OF
                                                                         p.1033
         A SLOKA/ AND FOLLOW-iNG Th-iS ThEY ATTA-iNED EMANC-iPAT-iON W-iTh-
         OUT R-iS-iNG FROM ThE-iR SEATS. tH-iS WAS (H-iS) F-i~TEENTh M-iRACLE.
         h~ UTTERED A PROPHECY TO A K-iNG OF wâƒRâƒNASL/ WH-iCH SA-iDH
         "bECAUSE OF YOUR DOUBT -iN ME YOU W-iLL NOT OBTA-iN SP-iR-iTUAL
         REAL-iZAT-iON -iN Th-iS L-iFE/ BUT W-iLL OBTA-iN -iT -iN ThE iNTERMED-iATE
         sTAGE." tH-iS WAS (H-iS) S-iXTEENTh M-iTACLE. tHE K-iNG OF
         wâƒRANASL Th-iNK-iNG -iN H-iMSELFH ~i ShALL NOT LET Th-iS tEACHER
         GO TO ANOThER PLACE"/ MADE H-iM STAY -iN A V-iHARA/ AND SEALED
         -iTS GATE. tHEREUPON ThE tEACHER WAS SEEN PLAY-iNG ON ThE TOP
         OF A LARGE BOULDER/ iY-iNG OUTS-iDE ThE V-iHâƒRA/ AND S-iMULTANE-
   (13A) OUSLY S-iTT-iNG -iNS-iDE ThE V-iHâƒRA. tH-iS WAS (H-iS) SEVENTEETh
         M-iRACLE. tHEN WHEN HE WAS L-iV-iNG -iNS-iDE ThE HOUSE OF AN
         ASCET-iC (TAPASV-iN)/ TWO MONK~ DTOVE AWAY TWO F-iGURES RESEMBL-
         -iNG H-iM WH-iCH APPEARED OUTS-iDE AND -iNS-iDE ThE HOUSC/ AND
         WHEN ThEY PEEPED ThROUGH A HOLE -iNS-iDE ThC HOUSE/ ThEY SAW
         H-iM PREACH-iNG ThE dOCTR-iNE TO ThE E-iGHT CLASSES OF GODS AND
         DEMONS. tH-iS WAS (H-iS) E-iGHTEENTh M-iRACLE. tHE ABOVE ARE
         CAL~ED H-iS "18 WONDERFUL STOR-iES./' aCCORD-iNG TO ThE TWEN-
         T-iETh STORY (N-iNETEENTh?)/ HE WAS ADM-iTTED BY dEVADâƒK-i TO
         wENUDVLPA ('oD-MA/-i GL-iN) AND ThERE MET ayALOK-iTESVARA
         WHO TOLD H-iMH ~sON OF GOOD FAM-iLYL yO~ ShOULD BESTOW FOR
         ThE SAKE OF ThE L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS O~ FUTURE T-iMES ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iONS OF
         ThE FOUR CLASSES OF tANTRAS AT ONE T-iME." tH-iS WAS (H-iS)
         N-iNETEENTh M-iRACLE (OR STORY). tHE K-iNG O~ wâƒRâƒNAS~ WORSh-iP~
         ED H-iM FOR SEVEN DAYS/ AND WAS G-iVEN ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iONS OF ALL
         ThE CLASSES OF tANTRAS -iN A S-iNGLE MAnDALA AT ONE T-iME. tH-iS
         WAS (SA-iD TO BE) (H-iS) TWENT-iETh M-iRACLE. wHEN ThE LO-TSA-BA
         bYAMS-PA-I DPAL (kHRO-PHUG LO-TSâƒ-BA)/ WHO WAS STUDY-iNG ThE
         dOCTR-iNE W-iTh ThE PAND-iTA bUDDHAShRâŒ/ HEATD ThAT Th-iS GTEAT
         S-iDDHA/ ENDOWED W-iTh SUCH M-iRACULOUS POWETS/ HAD COME To
         'pHAGS-PA sH-iN-KUN (sVAYAMBHU-NâƒThA CA-iTYA)/ HE TOOK W-iTh
         H-iM SOME LEAyES OF P-iPER-BETEL (TARNBULA/ TâƒMBO-LA)/ AND
         PRESENTED ThEM TO m-iTRAYOG-iN/ -iNQU-iR-iNG ABOUT H-iS HEALTh.
         tHE LATTER GAVE H-iM A FR-iENDLY ANSWER. aS ThE YOG-iN WAS
         S-iTT-iNG W-iTh H-iS FACE TURNED TOWARDS t-iBET/ A ThOUGHT OCCURRED
         TO ThE LO-TSâƒ-BAH "HE MAY PERHAPS GO TO t-iBET/" AND HE
                                                                         p.1034
         ASKED ThE YOG-iN TO V-iS-iT t-iBET/ BUT ThE LATTER D-iD NOT PROM-iSE.
         hE ThEN OBTA-iNED FROM H-iM A ShORT SUMMARY OF ThE C-iTTOTPADA
         R-iTE. aFTER ThAT ThE LO TSA-BA WAS ATTACKED BY FEVER/ AND
         ALMOST PASSED OUT. tHE GREAT S-iDDHA (m-iTRA) PROCEEDCD TO
         iND-iA/ AND ThE LO-TSA-BA FOLLOWED AFTER H-iM/ AS SOON AS H-iS
         HEALTh/ WH-iCH WAS NOT QU-iTE RESTORED/ PERM-iTTED H-iM TO DO SO.
         hE FOUND H-iM RES-iD-iNG -iN A FORT OF ThE BORDER COUNTRY/
         WH-iCH WAS GUARDED BY F-iERCE-LOOK-iNG SOLD-iERS O~ t-iRAHUT-i
         (~RABHUKT-i/ ThE MODERN t-iRHUT -iN b-iHAR)/ WHO HAD COLLECTED
         TO GU-iDE (ThE S-iDDHA). aN ~-TSA-RA (ACâƒRYA) WHO WAS KNOWN
         TO H-iM/ TOOK H-iM -iNS-iDE AND HE MET ThE S-iDDHA ON ThE ROOF
         OF ThE FORT. hE AGA-iN ASKED H-iM ABOUT H-iS COM-iNG TO
         t-iBET/ AND AGA-iN (ThE S-iDDHA) MADE NO PTOM-iSE. tHE LO-
         TSA-BA ThOUGHT TO H-iMSELFH ~dEATh -iS BETTER/ ThAN TO RETURN
         TO t-iBET W-iThOUT -iNV-iT-iNG Th-iS S-iDDHA/ AFTER HAV-iNG MET H-iM."
         hE ThEN MADE A SOLEMN W-iSh TO BECOME ThE S-iDDHA'S D-iSC-iPLE
         -iN H-iS NEXT L-iFE/ AND W-iThOUT HES-iTAT-iON/ JUMPED DOWN FROM
   (13B) ThE TOP OF ThE FORT. bUT ThE MAHAS-iDDHA SE-iZED H-iM W-iTh
         H-iS HAND AND EXCLA-iMEDH "hA-HA! dON'T DO SUCH Th-iNGS?"
         AND KEPT H-iM -iN H-iS PRESENCE. tHE S-iDDHA SA-iDH ~tO
         ENABLE ME TO GO TO t-iBET/ YOU ShOULD TEMOVE YOUR DEF-iLE-
         MENTS ~ tH-iS FEVER OF YOURS REMOVED MANY OF YOUR DEF-iLE-
         MENTS. tH-iS T-iME YOU MADE AN ATTEMPT ON YOUR OWN L-iFE
         FOR MY SAKE/ AND Th-iS HAS COMPLETELY R~MOVED YOUR DEF-iLE-
         MENTS. nOW i ShALL GO TO t-iBET." hAV-iNG PROM-iSED/ ThE
         S-iDDHA PROCEEDED TO t-iBET AND SPENT 18 MONThS -iN uPPER
         GtSAN/ AND PREACHED ThE dOCTR-iNE TO MANY SCHOLARS AND
         MONKS. hE ALSO BLESSED ThE FOUNDAT-iON OF ThE CH-iEF V-iHARA
         AND ThE GREAT -iMAGE OF kHRO-PHU (kHRO-PHU bYAMS-CHEN/ ThE
         LARGE -iMAGE OF mA-iTREYA AT kHRO-PHU). tHE LO-TSâƒ-BA ATTEND-
         ED ON ThE S-iDDHA AS FAR AS ThE pASS OF mAN-YUL. m-iTRAYOG-iN
         HAV-iNG PACKED ThE GOLD RECE-iVED BY H-iM -iN t-iBET -iN TWO
         PACKAGES/ HUNG ThEM ON H-iS ShOULDER/ AND PROCEEDED AWAY/
         L-iKE A FALCON CHAS-iNG H-iS PREY. tHE BRANCHES OF ThE dOC-
         TR-iNE (ThE COLLECT-iON OF H-iS TEACH-iNGS -iS WELL-KNOWN BY ThE
         NAME OF m-i-TRA BRGYA-RTSA AND ARE USED -iN -iN-iT-iAT-iON) TAUGHT
                                                                         p.1035
         BY H-iM WETEH ThE cYCLES OF ThE oRD-iNARY dOCTR-iNES PREACHED
         AS BRANCHES OF SC-iENCE/ ThE cYCLE OF D-iF~ERENT PRACT-iCES
         TAUGHT AS METhOD OF -iNNER MED-iTAT-iON/ ThE cYCLES OF ThE
         sPEC-iAL dOCTR-iNE PREACHED AS AN -iNTTODUCT-iON TO H-iDDEN
         -iN-iT-iAT-iON. tHE F-iTST cYCLEH -iT WAS D-iV-iDED (-iNTO ThE FOLLOW-
         MG SECT-iONS)H ThE BStAN-PA' GTU-BO 'CH-iN-BA RNAM-GROL (ThE
         bOAT OF ThE dOCTR-iNE WH-iCH FREES FROM BONDAGES)/ ThE RnAL-
         'BYOR BDUN-GY-i LAM RNAM-PAR-NES-PA (tHE aSCERTA-iNMENT OF
         ThE pATh OF ThE SEVEN yOGAS)/ ThE y-iD-BZ-iN NOR-BU
         (c-iNTAMAN-i)/ ThE BsRE-BA BZ-i-I GDAMS-NAG AND ThE r-iN-CHEN
         PHREN-BA (ThE gARLAND OF jEWELS). tHE SECOND cYCLE WAS
         D-iV-iDED -iNTOH (i) ThE sADHANA OF H-iS TUTELARY DE-iTY ThE gREAT
         -mETC-iFUL oNE (mAHAKARUN-iKA)/ AND (2) ThE METhODS OF
         BENEF-iTT-iNG OThERS AND H-iMSDF BY -iT. tHE F-iRST (ThE sADHANA)
         WAS D-iV-iDED -iNTO TWENTY MULA-SâƒDHANAS (RTSA-BA-I SGRUL-ThABS)
         AND TWENTY SADHANAS O~ REAL-iZAT-iON (DNOS-GRUB SGRUB-PA)/
         FOTTY -iN ALL. tHE F-iRSTH ThE y-iD-BZ-iN NOR-BU-I SGRUBS-
         ThABS-LHA-N-iS /STON-SUM-BCU-MA (ThE 2030 GODS OF ThE
         SADHANA OF ThE w-iSh-GRANT-iNG gEM)/ ThE yE SES 'KHOR-
         L~LHA iNA-BCU-RTSA-LNA-MA (ThE 55 GODS OF ThE jNâƒNACAKRA)/
         ThE 'gRO-'DUL-LHA-SUM-BCU-RTSA-DGU-MA (39 GODS OF ThE
         MA/NDALA OF /gTO-'DUL)/ ThE 'kHOR-LOS BSGYUR-BA LHA-GSUM-
         BCU-RTSA-GSUM-MA (32 GODS OF ThE cAKRAVART-iN)/ ThE
         pO-TA-LA/-i R-i/-i RTSE-MO-LHA-N-i-SU-RTSA LNA-MA (ThE 25 GODS OF
         ThE sUMM-iT OF mOUNT pOTALA)/ ThE R~A-SGRA-LHA-BCU-GSUM-
         MA (BELONGS ~O ThE cYCLE OF aM-iTâƒBHA)/ ThE lUS-KY-i 'KHOR-
         LO 'BAR-BA-I SGTUB-ThABS-LHA-BCU-GC-iG-MA (ThE eLEVEN gODS
         OF ThE SADHANA OF lUS-KY-i 'KHOR-LO 'BAR-BA)/ ThE r-iGS-LNA-I
         SGRUB-ThABS (ThE sâƒDHANA OF ThE dHYâƒN-i-bUDDHAS)/ ThE
         MkHA'-SPYOD-KY-i SGRUB-PA (ThE SâƒDHANA OF MKHA'-SPYOD)/ ThE
         tShAD-MED-BZ-i-SGRUB-PA (ThE SâƒDHANA OF ThE CATVâƒRYAPRA-
         MâƒNâƒN-i)/ ThE BSkAL-BZAN-G-i SGRUB-ThABS PHYAG-STOng-PA
         (ThE bHADRA-KALPA-SâƒDHANA OF ThEtHOUSAND-aRMED oNE)/ ThE
         ;~AL-BCU-GC-iG-PA (ThE sâƒDHANA OF ThE eLEVEN-FACED)/ ThE 'j-iG-RTEN
         SGTON-MA y-i-GE DRUG-PA (tHE s-iX lETTERS fORMULA--"tHE
         lAMP OF ThE wORLD")/ ThE kHASARPANA TSh-iGS-BCAD BZ-i-PA
                                                                         p.1036
   (14A) (ThE FOUR VERSCS OF kHASARPAnA~/ ThE kHASARPAnA '~-iG-RTEN
         DBAR;-PHYUG (ThE kHASARPAnA-lOKEShV~RA)/ ThE dON-ZAGS
         (aMOGHAPASA)/ ThE sEng-GE SGRA (s-iMHANâƒDA)/ ThE dRAng-
         SROR;-G-i SGRUB-PA (rs-i-SâƒDHANA)/ AND ThE lOR;S-SKU SKU-GSUM-
         GY-i SGRUB-PA (ThE sâƒDHANA OF ThE tR-iN-iTY OF sARR BHOGA~KâƒYA).
         tHE SECOND (DngOS-GRUB SGRUB-PA/-i SGRUB-ThABS)H ThE
         lOngS-SPYOD M-i-BZAD-PA-I SGRUB-PA (ThE r-iTE OF OBTA-iN-iNG
         -iNEXHAUST-iBLE WEALTh)/ ThE nAM-MKHA/ MDZOD (gAGANAGANJA/
         ThE tREASURY OF hEAVEN)/ ThE DpAG-BSAM S-iN-CAN (kALPADTU-
         MA/ ThE w-iSh-iNG tTEE)/ ThE c-iNTâƒMAN-i (y-iD-BZ-iN NOT-BU)/
         ThE bUM-PA BZAng-PO (kâƒMAGHAtA/ ThE pOT OF eHOTTUNE)/ ThE
         'dOD-'jO-I-BA (kâƒMADHENU/ ThE COW OF PLENTY)/ ThE RdO-
         TjE R-iN-PO-CHE (w~JRARATNA)/ ThE GtER-CHEN-PO (mAHâƒN-iDH-i/
         ThE gREAT tREASURE~/ ThE L~-i-ZLA 'BAR-BA (ThE sH-iN-iNG OF ThE
         sUN AND mOON)/ ThE rAL-GR-i R-iN-PO-CHE (KHADGARATNA/ ThE
         pREC-iOUS sWORD)/ ThE BdUD-RTS-i-I BUM-PA (aRNRTAKALASA/ ThE
         wASE OF nECTAR)/ ThE mA-RMOS LO-ThOG (aKRstOPTâƒTANDULA-
         PHALA-SâƒLâŒ/ mHVPT/ nO. 5310)/ ThE kHRU~KY-i RDZ-ing-BU
         (PUsKAR-inâŒ/ ThE sW-iMM-iN~ pOOL)/ ThE SmAN-GY-i BCUD-LEN
         (rASâƒYANA)/ ThE D~OS-GRUB R-iL-BU (s-iDDH-iGOLâƒ/ ThE m-iRACU-
         LOUS p-iLL)/ ThE dRAng-SROng R-iG-BYED (rs-iVEDA/ aSTROLOGY)/ ThE
         RdZOGS-LDAN-GY-i SPR-iN (sATYAYUGA-MEGHA/ ThE cLOUD OF
         gOLDEN aGE)/ ThE GsER-/GYUR-~Y-i RTS-i (sUBSTANCE CHANG-iNG
         N~ETALS -iNTO GOLD/ ALCHEMY/ rASA)/ ThE ~Ang-Sh~S-KY-i RTA
         (aJâƒNEYAHAYA/ ThE w-iSE STEED)/ ThE bALAVAJRA-SâƒDHANA (StOBS-
         KY -i RDO-RjE/-i SGRUB-ThABS)/ ThE TEN ~PRECED-iNG' DOCTR-iNES
         (BELONG-iNG) TO ThE SVâƒRThA CLASS ~RAng-DON LA SngON-'GRO-I CHOS-
         BCU)/ ThE D~;-iOS-GZ-i/-i BCU-GN-iS (ThE tWELVE MA-iN DOCTR-iNES)/
         ThE 'cH-i-BA-LA DGOS-PA-I CHOS-BDUN (ThE sEVEN DOCTR-iNES
         REQU-iR~D AT DEATh). fROM AMONG ThESE 29 BOOKS; ThE F-iRSTH
         ThE dAM-TSh-iG GSO-BA (rESTORAT-iON OF wOWS); ThE BlA-MA
         SGRUB-PA (ThE PROP-iT-iAT-iON OF ThE tEACHER)/ ThE bY-iN-RLABS
         M-i-BZAD-PA (ThE -iNEXHAUST-iBLE BLESS-iNG)/ ThE StOR;-R~-iD SGOM-
         PA (ThE mED-iTAT-iON ON rELAT-iV-iTY)/ ThE kHRO-BA SPAR;-BA (ThE
         rEMOVAL OF aNGER)/ ThE S~-iR;-G-i DUG SBYAng-BA (ThE rEMOVAL
         OF hEART PO-iSON)/ ThE ~-i-GNAS BSKYED-PA (ThE b-iRTh OF
                                                                         p.1037
         qU-iESCENCE OF ThE m-iND)/ ThE t-ing-/DZ-iN MYUR-DU BSKYED-PA
         (~HE QU-iCK METhOD OF PTODUC-iNG m-iND-CONCENTRAT-iON)/ ThE
         zUng-'BREL-GY-i GNAD (ThE mA-iN PO-iNT OF ThE YUGANADDHA)/ AND
         ThE yE-SES'BAR-BA (k-iNDL-iNG OF KNOWLEDGE~. aMONG ThC
         SECONDH ThE ~s-iX bOOKS -iLLUC-iDAT-iNG ThE dEGREE OF uTPANNA-
         KRAMA" (BSkYED-T-iM GSAL-BAT-BYED-PA-I CHOS-DTUG)/ ThE pAD-
         MA-SDOng-BU-CAN-GY-i SGRUB-PA (ThE sâƒDHANA OF ThE oNE HOLD-
         -iNG ThE lOTUS STALK)/ ThE mE-TOG/GDAN-CAN-GY-i SGRUB-PA (ThE sâƒ-
         DHANA Oe ThE oNE s-iTT-iNG ON ThE fLOWER)/ ThE mE-TOG-LA BRTEN-
         PA/-i SGRUB-PA (fLOWER sâƒDHANA)/ ThE GzUGS-BRâ¤AN-GY-i BSGTUB-PA
         (ThE sâƒDHANA OF ThE iMAGE)/ ThE dR-i-MA MED-PA/-i SGRUB-PA (ThE
         sâƒDHANA OF ThE iMMACU~ATE)/ ThEyE-GE MED-PA/-i SGRUB-PA (ThE
         sâƒDHANA O~ ThE uNWR-iTTEN). tHE s-iX bOOKS OF ThE sAMPANNA-
         KRAMA DEGREEH ThE /kHOR-LO-GSUM BSGOM-PA (mED-iTAT-iON ON
         ThE tHREE cAKRAS)/ ThE 'kHOR-LO-BC-ingS-GROL (ThE b-iND-iNG AND
         ThE UNB-iND-iNG OF cAKRAS)/ ThE yE-ShES 'BAR-BA (ThE k-iNDL-iNG OF
         kNOWLEDGE~/ ThE 'kHOR-LO 'BAR-BA (ThE k-iNDL-iNG OF cAKRAS)/
         ThE 'kHOR-LO TNAM-DAG (pUR-iF-iCAT-iON OFcAKRAS)/ AND ThE RdO;-
         jE 'BAR-BA-I BSRUN-BA (ThE pROTECT-iON OF ThE FLAM-iNG wAJRA).
         tHE Th-iRDH rAng-BSRUng-PA (sELF-PROTECT-iON)/ ThE nAD-GSAL-BA
         (hEAL-iNG OF a-iLMENTS)/ ThE '~H-i-BA BLU-BA (ThE rANSOM-iNG
         OF dEATh)/ ThE /gROng-'jUG (PARAKâƒYA-PRAVEShA/ ThE tRANSFERENCE
         OF ThE L-iFE-PR-iNC-iPLE)/ ThE 'pHO BA RDO-RjE/ SKAR-MDA' (ThE
         sHOOT-iNG D-iAMOND STAR OF ThE TRANSFERENCE OF ThE L-iFE-PR-iNC-iPLE)/
         ThE Rm-i-LAM DR-i-MED (iMMACULATE DREAMS)/ AND ThE SkYE-BA
         BSDAMS-PA (rESTR-iCT-iON OF rEB-iRTh). aMONG ThE TEXTS OF BENEF-iT
         TO OThERS (GZAN-DON)H ThE S~ON-/GRO-I CHOS-BCU (ThE tEN
         PRECED-iNG bOOKS)/ AND ThE tWELVE mA-iN bOOKS (DNOS-GZ-i-I CHOS-
         BCU). tHE sEVEN bOOKS ESPEC-iALLY REQU-iRED BY A D-iSC-iPLEH
         ThE F-iRSTH ThE gRAGS-PA SPEL-BA (iNCREASE OF fAME)/ ThE Gz-i-
         BY-iN BSKYED-PA (iNCREASE OF lUSTRE)/ ThE sEMS-CAN-'GU-BYED
         (gLADDEN-iNG OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS)/ ThE ~;LAG-G-i MThU-BSKYED-PA
         (pRODUCT-iON OF ThE pOWER OF sPEECH)/ ThE GsHAng-SngAGS MYUT-
         'GRUB (ThE "qU-iCK rEAL-iZAT-iON OF mANTRAS")/ ThE SmON-LAM
   (14B) DBAN-DU BYED-PA (ThE cONTROL OF w-iShES)/ ThE dREGS-PA-I BA
         (tHE sUBDU-iNG OF pR-iDE)/ ThE sEMS-BRTAN-PAR-BYED-PA (ThE
                                                                         p.1038
         sTEADY-iNG OF m-iND)/ AND ThE sEMS NAL-SO-BA (ThE rEST-iNG OF ThE
         m-iND)/ ThE yLD-'GYOD-PA BSAL-BA (ThE rEMOVAL OF mENTAL
         aFFL-iCT-iONS). aMONG ThE SECOND (GTOUP)H ThE GdUG-PA 'DUL-
         BA-I CHO-GA (ThE r-iTE OF SUBDU-iNG DEMONS)/ ThE G~AN-LAS RNAM-
         RGYAL (ThE dEFEA~ OF oThERS)/ ThE GnOD-PA BZLOG-PA (ThE rEPUL-
         S-iON OF hARM)/ ThE SdE-GZOM-PA (ThE dESTRUCT-iON OF eNEM-iES/
         tROOPS)/ ThE DbAN-DU BYA-BA (ThE cONTROL OF oThERS)/ ThE
         ~AG-MNON (cAUS-iNG ENEM-iES TO BECOME DUMB)/ ThE BkRA-
         S-iS-KY-i CH~GA (aUSP-iC-iOUS r-iTE)/ ThE G~AN-BSKYAB-PA (pROTECT-iON
         OF oThERS)/ ThE m-i-/~-iGS-PA SBY-iN-PA (ThE g-iFT OF cOURAGE)/ ThE
         nAD GSO-BA (ThE rEMOVAL OF d-iSEASES)/ ThE KlU-NAT GSO-BA
         (ThE cUR-iNG OF A-iLMENTS CAUSED BY nâƒGAS)/ ThE tShE-/DAS
         SBYON-BA (FUNERAL CEREMONY)/ AND ThE rO-BSTEG-G-i CHO-GA (ThE
         r-iTE OF cREMAT-iON). tHE Th-iRDH ThE Rm-i-LAM TA~BRTAN
         (iND-iCAT-iONS CONTA-iNED Jd DREAMS)/ ThE Rm-i-LAM NAN-BZLOG
         (ThE rEMOVAL Oe eV-iL dREAMS)/ ThE sHES-RAB BSKYED-CHOG
         (ThE r-iTE OF pRODUC-iNG w-iSDOM)/ ThE bYAN-CHUB SEMS-DPA-I
         BY-iN-RLABS (ThE bLESS-iNG OF bODH-iSATTVAS)/ ThE rAN-BY-iN-RLABS
         (sELF-BLESS-iNG)/ ThE t-iN-NE-/DZ-iN-GY-i DBAN-BSKUR (iN-iT-iAT-iON
         -iNTO sAMADH-i)/ AND ThE yE-SES DGUG-GZUG-G-i BY-iN-RLABS.
         tHE 24 BOOKS REQU-iRED ORD-iNAR-iLY (tHUN-MON-DU DGOS-PA/-i
         CHOS)/ AND AMONG ThEM ThE "tWELVE mER-iT aCCUMULAT-iNG
         bOOKS"H ThE SkU-GZUGS-KY-i CHO-GA (ThE R-iTE OF ERECT-iNG
         -iN1AGES) NAMED SkU-GZUGS R-iN-P~CHE/-i LAS/ ThE MCHOD-RTEN GY-i
         BSNEN-BKUR (ThE wORSh-iP OF A sTUPA)/ ThE BsAM-M-i-KHYAB-
         KY-i MCHOD-PA (ThE uNCONCE-iVABLE wORSh-iP)/ ThE mANDALA/-i
         CHO-GA (ThE r-iTE OF ThE mANDALA)/ ThE ~HOS-SPYOD YAN-LAG-BZ-i-
         PA (ThE fOUR bRANCHES OF ThE dHARMACARYA)/ ThE (~HHOS-SPYOD
         BRGYA-RTSA (tHE e;UNDRED (FORMS)OF dHARMACARYA)/ ThE zAS-
         KY-i RNAL-'BYOR (ThE yOGA OF TAK-iNG FOOD)/ ThE lUS-SBY-iN-PA
         (ThE oFFER-iNG OF ONE'S OWN BODY)/ ThE GtOR-MA/-i CHO-GA (ThE
         r-iTE OF oF~ER-iNG)/ ThE ~HHU-SBY-iN (wATER oeER-iNG)/ ThE ~HHU-
         GTOR (wATER l-iBAT-iON)/ AND ThE SbY-iN-BSREG (HOMA). tHE F-iVE
         /gAL-RKYEN-SPAng-BA (ThE f-iVE REMOVALS OF ACC-iDENTS)H ThE ~HHOM-
         RKUN BC-ing-BA (ThE b-iND-iNG OF TOBBETS)/ ThE nAD-BSTUN-BA
         (pROTECT-iON FROM d-iSEASES)/ ThE MdZE-GSO-BA (cUR-iNG OF LEP
                                                                         p.1039
         ROSY)/ ThE ~HAR-BZLOG (ThE sTOPP-iNG OF rA-iN)/ ThE /~H-i-BA
         BSRUN-BA (pROTECT-iON FROM dEATh). tHE F-iVE SADHANAS OF
         /tHUN-RKYEN (FAVOURABLE CAUSES)/ ThE rAB-GNAS (CONSECTA-
         T-iON R-iTE)/ ThE BsRUN-'KHOR (CHARMS)/ ThE sRUN-SKUD (HOLY
         ThREAD)/ ThE sR-i/U GSO-PA (pROTECT-iON OF CH-iLDREN)/ AND ThE
         cHAR-DBAB-PA (ThE pRODUCT-iON OF RA-iN). tHUS 20 MULA-
         SâƒDHANAS ~RTSA-BA/-i SGRUB-ThABS)/ AND 20 SADHANAS FOR ThE
         ATTA-iNMENT OF S-iDDH-iS/ -iN ALL 40. 29 DOCTR-iNES OF SELF-BENEF-iT/
         29 DOCTR-iNES OF BENEF-iT TO OThERS/ M ALL 58. z2 ~COMMON'/
         DOCTR-iNES. iN ALL 120 SADHANAS OF PRACT-iCE. tHE -iN-iT-iAT-iON
         OF BdE-CHEN RAL-GC-iG (mAHASUKHA--eKAJAT-i) AND ThE PRECEPTS
         O~ aVALOK-iTESVARA -iN 25 SLOKAS FORMED PART OF ThE sPEC-iAL
         cYCLE/ EXPOUND-iN~ ThE iNTTODUCT-iON TO ThE h-iDDEN bLESS-iNG.
   (15A) tHE cHAPTER ON ThE sP-iR-iTUAL l-iNEAGE OF kHRO-PU-BA.
         fURThER/ ThE pHYA~RGYA CHEN-PO 'kHOR-BA RGYUN-GCOD (tHE
         mAHAMUDRA WH-iCH CUTS ThE STREAM OF sAMSâƒRA)H a GROUP OF
         F-iVE DAK-iN-iS CAME FORTh FROM ThE M-iRACULOUS GREAT kUN-SNAN
         (sAMANTABHASA) CA-iTYA OF ThE COUNTRY OF dHARMAGANJA (~HOS-KY-i
         MDZOD) -iN oDD-iYANA/ AND PREACHED Th-iS DOCTT-iNE TO ~R-i sARAHA/
         WHO TAUGHT -iT TO m-iTRA. tHE LATTER BESTOWED ThE ~HH-iNS-GSUM
         (ThE '~tHERE sUMMAR-iES")/ ThE ~f-iVE sPEC-iALS// (kHYAD-PAR iNA)/
         AND ThE tWENRY cOMMENTAR-iES ('GREL-PA N-i-SU) END-iNG W-iTh
         ThE BS~O-BA (gOOD w-iShES)/ TO mA~C-iG sAngS-RGYAS rE-MA.
         sHE -iMPARTED -iT TO MtShAN-LDAN /kHRUL-Z-iG CHEN-PO ON ThE
         mOUNT dON-MO. hE WAS A NAT-iVE OF zANS-T-i/ AND WAS
         ORDA-iNED -iN H-iS YOUTh AT tHEL. hE PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON -iN
         MANY SACRED PLACES/ SUCH AS ThE kA-iLâƒSA (t-i-SE)/ AND OThERS.
         hE STAYED AT ~NAN/ AND ThERE MET mA-GC-iG/ WHO BESTOWED ON
         H-iM ThE PRECEPTS OF ThE RgYUN-G~OD (OR 'kHOR-BA TGYUN-
         GCOD). hE ALSO MET m-iTRA AND DEVELOPED EXCELLENT MERLT.
         hE L-iVED FOR MORE ThAN E-iGHTY YEARS. hE -iMPARTED ThE DOCT-
         R-iNE TO ThE S-iDDHA ~WA-DMAR-BA gRAGS-PA SEN-GE/ WHO BESTOWED
         -iT ON MkHAS-GRUB-RGYAL-BA. tHE LATTER ON ThE dHARMASVAM-iN
         MkHA/-SPYOD-PA/ AND WROTE A gU-iDE (ON ThE DOCTR-iNE).
         fURThER/ /kHRUL-Z-iG PA EXPOUNDED -iT TO MdZES-MA AT 'oN.
         MdZES-MA WAS BORN -iN uPPER GtSAN. sHE MET MANY S-iD-
                                                                         p.1040
         DHAS. iN HER YOUTh ShE CAME TO gAngS-DKAR CHU-KHA -iN /oN.
         bE-iNG AN EXPETT -iN T~E PTâƒnâƒYâƒMA (RTS~-RLUng)/ ShE COULD NOT
         BE TEMPTED. wHENEVET SOME ONE ATTEMPTED TO TEMPT HER/ ShE
         WOULD DRAW ALL H-iS WELL-BE-iNG -iNTO HERSELF/ AND HER COMPLEX-iON
         WOULD ASSUME A Sh-iN-iNG APPEARANCE/ WH-iLE ThE OThER WOULD
         LOOK L-iKE A DY-iNG MAN. sHE COMPOSED MANY BOOKS ON HER
         MYS~-iC EXPER-iENCE/ AND PASSED AWAY AT ThE AGE OF ABOUT
         SEVENY. (aFTER ThE CREMAT-iON OF HER REMA-iNS)/ HER HEART AND
         BOTh ThE EYES WERE LEFT UNBURNT. oNE O~ ThE EYES WAS
         (PRESERVED) AT gAngS-DKAR/ ThE OThER AT RgYA-GAR OF dO-PO-SGAng/
         AND ThE HCART WAS PRESERVED -iNS-iDE ThE pAD-SPUngS CA-iTYA
         AT DpAL-R-i. MdZES-MA BESTOWED (ThE dOCTR-iNE) ON bYA-
         BRAL CHEN-PO/ WHO WAS A NAT-iVE OF yAR-KLUR;S. mOST O~ ThE
         T-iME HE STAYED -iN kOng-PO. hE D-iED AT 'on. iN ThE BEG-iN-
         N-iNG HE USED TO BE A VERY CLEANLY PERSON/ AND D-iSL-iKED OThERS/
         BUT AFTERWARDS HE ACH-iCVED EMANC-iPAT-iON -iNDEPENDENTLY (OF
         OThERS)/ US-ED TO EAT H-iS OWN EXCREMENT AND APPL-iED -iT TO H-iS
         BODY. aT T-iMES HE OF~ERED -iT TO ThE rATNA/ AT T-iMES TO
         DEMONS TOF ThE RgYAL-PO AND 'GOng-PO CLASS)/ 2ND -iM-iTATED
   (15B) -iNSAN-iTY (SMYON-SPYOD). hE WAS A PR-iEST OF tHEL. hE MET
         m-iTRA AT ~AT-BTAG. hE ALSO MET lHA-TjE (dAGS-PO lHA-RJE) AT
         SgAM-PO. hE MET m-iD-LA AT 'oL-KHA. hE PASSED AWAY AT
         MtShO-~HY-i MAN-KHAN OF 'oN/ AGED SEVENTY. hE BESTOWED (ThE
         dOCTR-iNE) ON sANS-TGYAS r-i-PA/ WHOSE NAT-iVE PLACE WAS yAR-
         KLUNS. aT ThE AGE OF 20/ HE MET SpYAN-SngA ~HHOS-BZ-i-PA AND
         FOLLOWED AFTER EVERY GOOD tEACHET. hE HEARD ThE 'kHOR-BA
         RGYUN-GCOD (ThE DOCTR-iNE OF m-iTRA). hE ACTED AS wAJRADHATA
         FOR F-iVE YEARS AT kA-iLâƒSA. hE BECAME ThE tEACHER OF DBoN-PO
         DpAL-LDAN~RAGS AND O~ uPPER hOR (StOD-hOR/ mOGHUL-iSTâƒN)/
         AND RECE-iVED ThE T-iTLE OF '~iMPER-iAL pRECEPTOT" (t-i-SRâŒ~t-i-Sh-iH).
         hAV-iNG COME TO kON-PO HE PRACT-iSED ThE 'kHOR-BA RGYUN-GCOD
         AT ThE MONASTERY OF ~AR. hE FOUNDED A MONASTERY ON ThE SUM-
         M-iT OF SpE-RA -iN 'oN/ AND CALLED -iT DpAL-R-i. hE HAD Ni!MEROUS
         V-iS-iONS OF TUTELARY DE-iT-iES. hE D-iED AT ThE AGE OF 79/ AND
         WAS REBORN -iN GtSAng hE BESTOWED (ThE dOCTR-iNE) ON
         SpRUL-SKU BlO LDAN/ WHO WAS BORN AT yAR-KLUNS RNAM-RGYAL.
                                                                         p.1041
         hE WAS ORDA-iNED BY cHOS-BZ-i-GSAR-MA-PA -iN H-iS YOUTh.
         aT ThE AGC OF 20/ HE SUCCESSFULLY PTOP-iT-iATED wAJTA-
         PAN-i. fROM ThE AGE OF 20 TO 24/ HE LABOURED FOR ThE
         WELFARE OF OThERS/ AND ThEN PROCEEDED TO ThE aLAKAVAT⌠(L~AN-
         LO-CAN/ ThE pARAD-iSE OF wAJTAPâƒn-i/ OR-iG-iNALLY wAJRAPâƒR!-i WAS
         BEL-iEVED TO HAVE BEEN ThE SON OF wA-iSRAVANA RES-iD-iNG -iN
         aLAKâƒVATL ON ThE SOUThERN SLOPE OF mOUNT mERU). tHE LATTER
         BESTOWED (ThE dOCTR-iNE) ON ThE BlA-MA BdAG-PA/ WHO BELONG-
         ED TO ThE sHUD CLAN. hE WAS BORN AS ThE SON OF A tANTR-iC.
         eNDOWED W-iTh GREAT FA-iTh/ HE PROM-iSED -iN ThE PRESENCE OF
         kAR-MA-PA TO REC-iTE A LOO/OOO/OOO T-iMES ThE mAN-i FORMULA.
         t-iLL TWENTY/ HE L-iVED ThE L-iFE OF A HOUSEHOLDER. bETWEEN
         TWENTY AND F-iFTY/ HE MADE A ROUND OF HERM-iTAGES/ AND
         PRACT-iSED MED-iTAT-iON. aT ~HE AGE OF 2z/ HE TOOK UP ORD-i-
         NAT-iON UNDER kUN-SPANS-PA. aT ThE AGE OF 35/ HE TOOK UP
         ThE F-iNAL MONAST-iC OTD-iNAT-iON -iN ThE PRESENCE OF ThE MAHA-
         UPâƒDHYAYA BkRA-S-iS SEN-GE/ AND L-iSTENED TO ABOUT A HUNDRED EX-
         POS-iT-iONS (OF SACRED TEXTS)/ SUCH AS ThE dOCTR-iNE OF ThE '~gREAT
         aCH-iEVEMENT" (RdZOGS-CHEN)/ AND OThETS. hE V-iS-iTED ABOUT
         A HUNDRED HERM-iTAGES/ -iNCLUD-iNG cHU-BAR AND OThERS. iN
         BR-iEFH HE WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR eARTh-fEMALE-sHEEP (SA-MO-
         LUG--1 L99 a. d.). aT ThE AGE OF 16/ HE M~T kAR-MA-PA.
         aT ThE AGE OF 20/ HE TOOK UP ThE UPASAKA VOWS -iN ThE
         PRESENCE OF lHO-PA r-iN-PO-CHE. hE D-iED AT ThE AGE OF 82
         -iN ThE YEAT iRON-dTAGON (iCAGS-'BRUG--1280 a.d.). tHERE
         APPEARS TO EX-iST A NUMEROUS l-iNEAGE. tHE sP-iR-iTUAL l-iNEAGE
         OF ThE YOG-iM NAMED ~ HHOS-LDAN-'BUM SEEMS TO EX-iST -iN ThE
         eAST AND wEST. tH-iS (DOCTR-iNE) MUST BE RECOGN-iZED AS BE-iNG
   (16A) PROFOUND. tHE cHAPTER ON 'kHOR-BA RGYUN-GCOD.
            fURThER/ ThE MAHAS-iDDHA m-iTRA CAME TO t-iBET/ AFTER
         HAV-iNG PERFORMED ThE yOGA CALLED bALARASA. nOW ThE
         l-iNEAGE OF ThE MkHA/-SPYOD BSNEN-SGRUB PREACHED BY H-iM
         (A BOOK BELONG-iNG TO ThE kAR-MA-PA SECT)H tHE âƒCâƒRYA
         MtShO-SKYES RDO-RjE (sARORUHA/ pADMAVAJRA) BESTOWED -iT ON
         pAD-MA-I MYU-GU (pADMâƒNKURAVAJRA) WHO WAS A PAnd-iTA
         LEARNED -iN ThE F-iVE SC-iENCES. aFTER HAV-iNG OBTA-iNED ThESE
                                                                         p.1042
         PRECEPTS/ HE DEVELOPED AN -iMMORTAL wAJRAKAYA (MYST-iC BODY).
         hE BESTOWET (ThE dOCTR-iNE) ON ThE YOGESVARA m-iTRAYOG-iN.
         tHE LATTER PREACHED TO ~WA-DMAR COD-PAN-/DZ-iN-PA gRAGS-PA
         S~R;~E ThE cYCLE OF pRECEPTS OF pRANAYAMA/ -iNCLUD-iNG ThE
         sROG-Th-iG RNAM-'~OMS (OF A BOOK)/ AND OThER TEXTS/ AS WELL AS
         MANY LESSER PRECEPTS. iN PART-iCULAR/ HE -iMPARTED TO H-iM
         ThE PRECEPTS OF ThE MkHA/-SPYOD BSNEN-SGTUB/ -iTS BAS-iC TEXT/
         TOGEThER W-iTh -iTS -iN-iT-iAT-iON/ BRANCHES AND EXPOS-iT-iON. tHE
         LATTER PREACHED ALL ThE PRECEPTS OF ThE ~oRAL tRAD-iT-iON/'/ -iN
         RHE MANNER OF A WELL-F-iLLED VASE/ TO ThE HERM-iT (T-i-KHROD-PA)
         dAR-RGYAL BA. tHE LATTER PREACHED TO DpAL MkHA/-SPYOD
         DBAN-PO/ AND ALSO COMPOSED A TEXT-BOOK. aGA-iN/ gRAGS-SER;-
         BA (gRAS-PA SEN-GE) PREACHED -iT TO '~AM-DBYAR-iS ~HOS-DOR-BA/
         WHO ALSO COMPOSED A LARGE TEXT-BOOK.
            tHE cHAPTER ON ThE MkHA'-SPYOD BSNEN-SGRUB.
         aGA-iN/ m-iTRA BESTOWED ThE PRECEPTS OF ThE s-iX dOCTR-iNES
         (CHOS~RUG) ON ThE PAND-iTA ~âƒR-iPUTRA. tHE LATTER -iMPARTED
         ThEM TO m-i-NAG gR~GS-PA R-iN-CHEN. h-iS l-iNEAGE CONT-iNUES
         TO EX-iST TO ThE PRCSENT DAY/ AND -iTS (TEACH-iNGS) ARE FOLLOWED
         AT SmYUG-TShAL OF lHO-BRAG/ tHERE APPEAR ALSO TO EX-iST
         PREACHERS (OF Th-iS DOCTR-iNE).
            tHE l-iNEAGE OF ThE iN-iT-iAT-iONS KNOWN AS m-iTRA BRGYA-
         RTSAH RdO-RJE-/CHAN (wAJRADHARA)/ aVALOK-iTESVARA (SpYAN-RAS-
         GZ-iGS)/ ThE S-iDDHA m-iTRAYOG-iN. tHE LATTER -iMPARTED -iT TO
         ThE PAnd-iTA aMOGHAVAJRA (dON-YOD RDO-RJE~. hE CAME TO
         BESTOW ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON AND -iTS EXPOS-iT-iON ON G~HAN /oD-SRUNS
         MGON-PO OF GsAT-MDA/ KHT~-LUR;. aT ThE T-iME OF H-iS GO-iNG
         TO lOWER kHAMS (MdO-kHAMS) HE APPEARS TO HAVE BESTOWED
         ON~E MORE ALL ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iONS AT gE-KHA-BRAG. bUT -iN LATER
         T-iMES WHEN ThE l-iNEAGE OF iN-iT-iAT-iONS APPEARED TO HAVE COME
         AN END/ SEVERAL KALYANA-M-iTRAS FROM lOWER kHAMS (MdO
         KHAMS) PASSED ThROUGH SgY-i-SMAD KHRA-LUN -iN SEARCH OF
         ThC l-iNEAGE. pEOPLE SA-iDH "tHE LAY-BROThER (UPASAKA)
         NAMED MgO kHOM /~SRAS/ A D-iSC-iPLE OF G~AN 'oD-SRUNS
         MGON-PO WHO L-iVES AT 'pHAN-YUL RgYAL/ PCRHAPS POSSESSES ThE
         ~-iNEAGE.// tHC HLYAN. A-MLRRAS PROCEEDED TO 'pHAN-YUL -iN
                                                                         p.1043
         SEARCH OF H-iM. bYAMS-PA SEN-GC/ A KALYANA-M-iTRA OF RgYAL/
         CAME TO GsAN-PHU TO HEAR ThE "dOCTR-iNE OF mA-iTREYA" (bYAMS-
         CHOS). tHEY MET H-iM AND -iNQU-iRED ABOUT MgO-KHOM /~SRAS.
         bYAMS-PA SEN~E REPL-iEDH "hE WAS MY COUNTRYMAN! bUT i
         DOUBT ThAT HE POSSESSES ThE hUNDRED iN-iT-iAT-iONS. hE USED TO
         BE AN OLD tANTR-iC/ GOOD-NATURED AND P-iOUS. w-i~N YOU/ i
         ShALL ALSO ASK FOR ThEM." tHEN -iT -iS SA-iD ThAT HE OBTA-iNCD ThEM.
         tHOSE WHO D-iD NOT BEL-iEVE ThE STATEMENT OF bYAMS-PA SEN-GE
         (ABOUT H-iS OBTA-iN-iNG PRECEPTS)/ -iNSTEAD MET MgO-KHOM ~O SRAS
         H-iMSELF AND OBTA-iNED ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iONS FROM H-iM. bYAMS-PA
         SEN GE AND bA-LAM-PA r-iN-SE EXCHANGED ThE iN-iT-iAT-iON AND ThE
         wAJRAMALA (RdO-RJE 'PHREN-BA) OF aBHAYA. GyUN-STON RdO-
         RJE-DPAL OBTA-iNED -iT FROM bA-LAM-PA r-iN-SEAT-MtShUR-PHU. RdO
         RjE-DPAL BESTOWED -iT ON bAG-STON G~N-TShUL. tHE LATTER
         -iMPARTCD -iT TO ThE BlA-MA tShUL-R~YAL OF SnAR-ThAN. tHE LATTER
         BESTOWED -iT ON ThE BLA-MA MgON-PO-DRUG. tHE LATTER ON ThE
         pAN-CHEN 'jAM-DBYANS RAL-GR-i. tHE LATTER ON kUN-MKHYEN
         'dZAM-GL-iN ~-i-SAR. tHE LATTER ON ThE dH~RMASVAM-iN StAN-
         GC-iG-PA ShES-RAB BZAN-PO. i GAVE HERE AN ACCOUNT OF ONLY ONE
         l-iNEAGE/ BUT (ThE TEACH-iNG) WAS HANDED DOWN ThROUGH MANY
         OThER l-iNEAGES ALSO.
            tHE cHAPTER ON ThE SYSTEM/ WH-iCH OR-iG-iNAT~D FROM ThE
         mAHAS-iDDHA m-iTRA.
            tHE DOCTR-iNE KNOWN AS ThE "cLEAR eXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE
         s-iDDHA tShEM-BU-PA" (gRU~ThOB tShEM-BU-PA-I DMAR-KHR-iD)
         ALSO BELONGS TO ThE cYCLE OF ThE gREAT mERC-iFUL oNE (mAHA=
         KARUn-iKA). nA-iRATMA BESTOWED -iT ON ThE S-iDDHA GL~AN tShEM-
         BU-PA NAMED dAR-MA /OD-ZER. hE WAS BORN AT ~AD-SGO-DAR.
         hE D-iD NOT ACCEPT ThE MONASTERY OF StON-MO-LUN/ AND OThERS
         WH-iCH WERE OFFERED TO H-iM BY R~OG BtSUN-DKAR-MO/ PRACT-iSED
         MED-iTAT-iON ONLY ON ThE MOUNTA-iN OF GyASRU/ AND ATTA-iNED
         SP-iR-iTUAL REAL-iZAT-iON. hE HAD S-iX D-iSC-iPLES TO WHOM HE -iM-
   (17A) PARTED PTECEPTS. hE BESTOWED ThEM ON A KALYANA-M-iRRA OF
         'bR-iN-MTShAMS ~C-iM-LUN AND ON ThE SCHOLAT OF ThE yUL-LA
         MONASTERY. tHESE TWO ALSO ATTA-iNED SP-iRLTUAL REAL-iZAT-iON/ AND
         LATER SENT ON ThREE OCCAS-iONS OeER-iNGS TO H-iM. hE ALSO
                                                                         p.1044
         BESTOWED (PRECEPTS) ON H-iS YOUNGER BROThER SpY-iL-PO DbAN-
         PHYUG-GRAGS AND ON H-iS ATTENDANT ~HHE-BRAG-PA/ AS WELL AS ON
         R~OG BtSUN-DKAR-MO. tHESE ALSO ATTA-iNED SP-iR-iTUAL REAL-iZA-
         T-iON W-iTh ThE HELP OF Th-iS DOCTR-iNE. SpY-i-BO LHAS-PA bYAN-
         CHUB-/OD STUD-iED MANY SUTRAS AND SASTRAS/ BUT HE D-iD NOT
         KNOW HOW TO PRACT-iSE ThEM COMB-iNED. hE ThEREFORE WENT TO
         lHA-SA TO PRAY TO ThE lORD (~BO)/ AND ThERE HE MET G~AN
         tShEM-BU-PA/ AND UNDERSTOOD H-iM TO BE A S-iDDHA. hE MADE
         H-iS REQUEST TO H-iM/ AND ThE tEACHET UNDERSTOOD H-iM TO BE A
         SU-iTABLE VESSEL (SNOD-LDAN) AND BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE pHY-i-
         ThEG-PA lAM-R-iM SPUN~KY-i DON-KHR-iD AND ThE nAN-GSAN-SNAG~
         KY-i DMAR-KHR-iD. hE PRACT-iSED ACCORD-iNG TO ThEM/ AND ATTA-iNED
         SP-iR-iTUAL REAL-iZAT-iON. hE -iMPARTED ThEM TO bYAN-CHUB TShUL
         KHR-iMS/ ThE UPâƒDHYAYA OF StAG-BDE BRAG-DMAR. tHE LATTER
         BESTOWED ThEM ON ThE bODH-iSATTVA lHA-BTSUN-PA/ ThE UPADHYAYA
         OF pHY-i-'BRUM DGON-GSAR. tHE LATTER ON ~AN kUN-SPAN~PA.
         iT BECAME ONE OF ThE GREAT GU-iDE-BOOKS OF ThE ~NAN-PAS. tH-iS
         (dOCTR-iNE) SPREAD -iN ALL D-iRECT-iONS/ AND GREAT WAS ThE BENEF-iT.
         sOME OF ThE METhODS OF EXPOS-iT-iON APPEAR TO AGTEE W-iTh ThOSE
         OF mAHAMUDRA. iN OThER TEXTS -iT WAS DESCR-iBED AS AGREE-iNG
         W-iTh ThE PRATYâƒHARA (RESTRA-iN-iNG ThE ORGANS/ SOR-SDUS) OF ThE
         sADANGA-YOGA. aLSO ThERE EX-iSTED A l-iNEAGE OF ThE DMAR-
         KHR-iD (DETA-iLED EXPOS-iT-iON) OF ThE cYCLE OF ThE gREAT mERC-iFUL
         oNE (mAHAKARUN-iKA). tHE NUN lAKSM⌠(DgE-SLON-MA DpAL-
         MO) -iMPARTED -iT TO DpAL-GY-i BZAR'-PO (sRâŒBHADRA). tHE LATTER
         ON r-iN-CHEN BZAN-PO (rATNABHADRA)/ WHO -iMPARTED -iT TO aTâŒSA.
         tHE LATTER BESTOWED -iT ON yOL cHOS-DBAN. tHE LATTET ON
         rOG-STON. tHE LATTER ON RtSE-STON ~SRAS. tHE LATTER ON
         7AN-STON cHOS DBAN. tHE LATTER ON pHRA-STON ~-iG-PO. tHE
         LATTER ON RnAL-'BYOR SKYAB~SE. tHE LATTER ON r-iN-PO-CHE
         nE-M-iG-PA. tHE LATTER ON ThE UPADHYAYA r-iN-BYUN. tHE
         LATTER ON ThE UPADHYAYA sAN~GZON. tHE LATTER ON ThE BLA-MA
         kUN-BRSOD-PA. tHE LATTER TRANSM-iT~ED -iT TO MkHAS GRUB cHOS-
         DPAL/ FAThER AND SON. tHE cHAPTER ON ThE DMARKHR-iD(DETA-iLED
         EXPOS-iT-iON) OF ThE METhOD (LUGS) OF tShEM-BU-PA. tHE cHAPTET
         ON ThE cYCLE OF ThE gREAT mERC-iFUL oNE (mAHAKARUN-iKA).
                                                                         p.1045
         aMONG ThE L(~HAGS-T-i-BAS AND ThE S~AN-CHAD-PAS ThETE
         WAS A PRSCEPE CALLED nAR-MKHA/ SKOR-GSUM. iT REPRESENTET
         A PRAYâƒHARA PRECEPT WH-iCH SETVED AS A pATh (O~ SP-iR-iTUAL
         DEVELOPMENT)/ BASED ON ThE DOCTR-iNE OF ~UNYATA. iT WAS
         AN EXCE!LENT PTECEPT TTANSM-iTTED FTOM ThE RS-i sURYATAThA
         MA/-i S-iT;-RTA/ A .RS-i OF ~AMBHALA ) TO kâƒLACAKRAPADA/
         ThE sEN-iOR AND jUN-iOR/ aBH-iYUKTA/ ThE nEPâƒLESE kAYASN/ ThE
         âƒCARYA kAN-PA-BA/ AND OThERS. tHE l-iNEAGE O~ ThE GREAT
         R-iTE OF ThE MANDALA CALLED kTYâƒSAMUCCAYA (VAJRACARYAKTYA-
         SAMUCCAYA/ tG. RgYUD/ nO. 3305)/ COMPOSED BY ThE S-iDDHA
         NAMED dAT-PAN. (dATPANA-ACATYA)/ WHOSE TEETh HAD CHANGED
         EWENTY T-iMES AND WHO HAD L-iVED FOR A ThOUSAND TWO HUNDRED
         YEARS/ ThTOUGH WH-iCH ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON WAS TTANSM-iTTEDH
         wAJRADHARA (RdO RJE-/CHATL)/ jTLANADâƒKA (yE-SES MKHA'-'GRO)/
         dARPANA-ACARYA/ sAMANTABHADRA/ jâ¤âƒNAJYOT-i/ ~RL hANUMAT/ ~N
         mAT~JUBHADRA/ ~N lAKSM-iBHADRA/ dHARMA-iYOT-iRBHADTA/ mAN~
         JâŒVABHADRA/ ~TTAM ~RLBHADRA/ ~R⌠w-iJAYABHADRA/ ~N mADAN-
         ABHADRA/ sR⌠lAKSMâŒBHADRA/ gAGANABHADRA/ uDAYAJ-iVABHADRA/
         sHR⌠hARSABHADRA/ aL~HAGABHADRA/ ThE nEPâƒLESE PAND-iTA OF yE-
         R~ng--jAGADANANDAJâŒVABHADRA/ H-iS SON ThE PAND-iTA mAHâƒBODH-i/
         sABZAN 'pHAGS-PA P/~ON-NU BLO GROS (ALSO KNOWN BY ThE NAME
         OF mA T-i PAN-CH~N)/ RHE dHARMASVâƒM-iN kUN-DGA' BZAN-PO/ AND
         (ThUS) TO ThE dHARMASVAM-iN DmAT-STON RgYAL-MTShAN 'OD-ZER.
         tHE OR-iG-iN OF ThE dOCTR-iNE s-iNCE -iN FORMER T-iMES ThERE
         D-iD NOT EX-iST TTANSLAT-iONS OF -iT -iNTO t-iBETAN/ 'jAM-DBYANS dON-
         YOD RGYAL MT~ CHAN OF DpAL-LDAN sA-SKYA OBTA-iNED ThE sANSKR-iT
         TEXT O~ ThE sAMUCCAYA FROM A nEPâƒLESE MERCHANT (Th-iS VERY
         COPY -iS PRESERVED AT ThE ~OR MONASTETY -iN GtSAng. wERBAL
         COMMUN-iCAT-iON BY rEV. DgE-'DUN cHOS-'PHEL). tH-iS BOOK
         W~S ThEN FOUND -iN ThE POSSESS-iON OF kUN-SPANS cHOS-GRAGS-
         DPAL-BZAN PO. iT WAS TRANSLATED AT ThE LATTER'S REQUEST AND
         W-iTh H-iS ASS-iSTANCE BY mANJUShRâŒ/ A GTEAT PAND-iTA OF w-iKRAMA-
         ShL!A/ AND ThE t-iBETAN TRANSLATOR ~L~TSâƒ-BA) sA-BZAng-PA BlO
         GROS RGYAL-MTShAN. wH-iLE ThEY WERE UNABLE TO F-iND ANY ONE
         FROM WHOT~L ThEY COULD OBTA-iN -iTS -iN-iT-iAT-iON AND ~PERM-i-
         SS-iON" (LUT;) TO READ -iT/ ThEY HEARD A REPORT ThAT M~A'-T-iS-PA
                                                                        p..1046
   (18A) RdO RJE-DPAL HAD OBTA-iNED ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON OF ThE sAMUEEYA AT yE- 
         RAN (kA~ODU). 'pHAGS-PA G~ON-NU BLO GROS W-iTh H-iS
         D-iSC-iPLES/ SC-.REN PER~ORLS -iN ALL/ PROCEEDCD TO yE-RAO -iN nEPAL/
         AND ThER~ OBTA-iNCD ThE COMPLCTC -iN-iT-iAT-iON AND "PERM-iSS-iON"
         (LUng) TO READ ThE tEXT FROM TT.E PAND-iTA mAHABODH-i. iT SPREAD
         W-iDELY. aGA-iN/ ThE bLESSED G~-iN-L~E MThAR-BYED (yAMAN-
         TAKRT)/ w-iRUPA/ dOMBH⌠PA/ ThE BRAHMANA ~R-iDHARA (DpAL-'DZ-iN)/
         mAT-iGARBHA/ dARPANA-AEARYA WHO BESTOWED ON GlO BO LO-TSA-
         BA ThE G~LN RJE GSED-DMAR-PO/-i GH~UN W-iTh -iTS EXPOS-iT-iON AND
         PREEEPTS. tHE LO-TSA BA BESTOWED -iT ON BlO CHEN sANS-RGYAS.
         tHE LATTER ON ThE LO-TSA-BA M~HHOG-LDAN. tHC LATTER ON BkA/-
         BCU-PA G~ON-NU SEO-GC. aLSO FOLLOW-iNG ANOThER l-iNEAGC/ -iT
         WAS PRAET-iSED BY bU-STON r-iN-PO-CHE AND OThERS/ AND NUMEROUS
         L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS WERE NOUT-iShED BY -iT. tHE cHAPTER ON dAR-PAO
         (dARPAN. âƒCâƒRYA).
            tHE âƒCâƒRYA aBHAYA WHO WAS ENDOWED W-iTh A M-iND FREE OF
         -iLLUS-iONS -iN REGARD TO ANY OF ThE SYSTEMS OF ThE pRAJNAPARAM-iTA
         OR tANTRA. FROM ThE lESSER SC-iENEES (R-iG-GNAS PHRA-MO) TO ThE
         aNUTTARA-YOGA-tANTRA. bECAUSE HE HAD REC-iTED ThE MANTRA OF
         wAJRA-YOG-iM -iN H-iS FORMA L-iFE/ -iN Th-iS L-iFE wAJRA-YOG-iNL -iN ThE
         FORM OF AN ORD-iNARY WOMAN APPEARED BEFORE ThE ACARYA aBHA-
         bECAUSE OF H-iS STEADFAST ATT-iTUDE OF A STR-iCK MONK/ HE
         D-iD NOT ADM-iT Th-iS WOMAN. (h-iS) GREAT TEACHERS/ SUCH AT kA-
         SO R-i-PA AND OThERS/ TOLD H-iM ThAT HE HAD ACTED WRONGLY BY NOT
         AVA-iL-iNG H-iMSEL~ O~ ThE METhOD ThROUGH WH-iCH ONE COULD
         REAL-iZE ThE SAHAJA-JNANA. oN MANY OCCAS-iONS HE PRAYED TO
         wAJRA-YOG-iM. tHE GODDESS APPEARED TO H-iM -iN A DRCAM/ AND
         SA-iDH ~nOW/ -iN Th-iS L-iFE YOU W-iLL NOT BE UN-iTED W-iTh ME.
         bUT/ -iF YOU WERE TO COMPOSE MANY COMMENTAT-iES ON PROFOUND
   (18B) tANTRAS AND MANY R-iTES OF mANDALAS/ YOU WOULD SOON BECOME
         A FORTUNATE ONE." fOLLOW-iNG HER -iNSTRUENONS/ HE EOMPOSED ThE
         ~R-iSAMPUTATANTRARAJAT~KAMNAYAMANJARL-NAMA (tG. RgYUD/ nO.
         i 198)/ ThE sRâŒ-bUDDHA KAPALA MAH⃠TANTRA RAJA tâŒKA-ABHAYAPADDHA-
         T-i-NAMA (m-i '~-iGS-PA-I GZUN-'GRD/ tG. RgYUD/ nO. 1654)/ AND
         ThE wAJRAVAL-i-NAM~-MANDALASADHANA (DkY-iL-'KHOR-GY-i CHO-GA
         RdO-RJE PHREN-BA/ tG. RgYUD/ nO. 3140). nOW/ -iT -iS SA-iD
                                                                         p.1047
         ThAT WHEN TlE M~HA-PAND-iTA FROM kASM;RA (sHâƒKYASRâŒ~DR~)
         BESTOW~DON ThREE OCC~S-iONS ThE -iN-iUAT-iON OF ThE wAJRAVAL-i
         (RdO-RJE PHREN BA)/ ON ThE F-iRST TWO OCCAS-iONS HE PERFORMED ~u
         (ThE MANDALA R-iTES) ACCOMPAN-iED BY R-iTES OF ThE aNUTTARA
         tANTRA (ONLY)/ AND ON ThE LAST OCCAS-iON HE SA-iDH "tHE
         t-iBETANS ARE VCRY SUSP-iC-iOUS! hAD i NOT D-iV-iDED (ThESE MANDALAS)
         ACCORD-iNG TO ThE D-iFFERENT CLASSES OF tANTRAS/ ThEY WOULD
         NOT ACCEPT ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iONS (ThROUGH ThE-iR SUSP-iC-iOUS NATURE)."
         tHEREFORE HE D-iV-iDED ThEM ACCORD-iNG TO ThE CLASSES OF tANTRA
         AND ThUS BESTOWED ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iONS.
            L~HAG LO~ BT cHO~RJE-DPAL' HEARD -iT FROM rTV-iLLDRS.
         hE MA-iNT;-iNED ThE PO-iNT OF V-iEW/ ThAT BY BE-iNG -iN-iT-iATED
         -iNTO ThE TWENTY E-iGHT MANDALAS ONE COULD OBTA-iN (ThE -iN-iT-iA-
         T-iONS) OF ALL ThE OD C~S. tHE LO-TSA-BA gRAG~PA RGY~L-MTh~TN
         (ThE yAR-KLUHS LO-~-BA) OBTA-iNED -iT FROM bHUM-iST-i/ ThE MAHâƒ
         PAnd-iTA OF kASM-iRA. hE USTD TO BESTOW -iN-iT-iAT-iONS/ HAV-iNG
         ATRANGED ThEM -iNTO 45 mAN. DALAS. h-iS hOL-iNCSS ~-i
         wANARATN~/ ThE MAHA-PAND-iTA OF eASTERN iND-i~ STOWED or
         TWO OCCAS-iONS ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON OF wAJRAVAL-i AT ThE ROYAL PALACE
         OF SnE/U-GDON. hE USTD TO BESTOW ALL ThESE -iN-iT-i~T-iONS
         ACCORD-iNG TO ThE SYSTEM O~ ThE aNUTTAN-tANTR~. sOME
         REMARKED ThAT -iT WAS NOT PROPER TO -iN-iT-iATE ACCORD-iNG TO
         D-iFFERENT CLASSES OF tANTRAS/ BUT HE REPL-iEDH "iT WOULD
         BE GOOD TO D-iV-iDE ThEM." tHEY AGA-iN -iNQU-iRED "wELL ThEN
         WHY D-iD YOU NOT PERFORM ThEM -iN ACCORDARLCE W-iLH Th-iS
         METhOD?" hE REPL-iEDH "d-iD i NOT BESTOW ON YOU ThE -iN-iT-iA-
         T-iON ACCORD-iNG TO ThE METhOD OF aBHAYT? aBHAYA D-iD
         D-iV-iDE ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iONS ACCORD-iNG TO ThE D-iF~ERENT CLASSTS OF ThE
         (tANTRAS)/ WHY ShOULD i DO SO?" tHE wAJRAVAL-i HAV-iNG
         BEEN TRANSLATED BY MANY L~BAS/ ThERE EX-iST MANY D-iFFER-
 T. a FAMOUS t-iBETAN P-iLGR-iM TO ThE sACRED pLACES OF LND-iA. tHE ~U~OR O~A WELL
    KNOWN DESCRTPT-iON OF mAHâƒBODH-i/ bORN 1197 a.d./ D-iED 1265 a.d. a WELL-KNOWN
    sANSKR-iT SCHOLAR. h-iS B-iOGRAPHY (RNAM ThAR) EX-iSTS -iN t-iBEAN. h-iS DESCR-iP-
    T-iON OF ThE mABâƒBODH-i -iS FOUND -iN ThC t-iBETAN COLLECT-iON -iN ThE p~TT~
    mUSEUM.
                                                                         p.1048
         ENT VERS-iONS (OF -iT). nOWADAYS MOST PEOPLE FAVOUT ThE
         TRANSLAT-iON BY ~HAG (LO-TSA-BA). nOW/ ThE ACATYA aBHAYA
         COMPOSED A MANDALA R-iTE BELONG-iNG TO ThE sAMPANNAKRAMA-
         YOGA/ BAS-iNG H-iMSELF ON ThE tANTR-iC TEXT (gUHYASAMAJA)
         WH-iCH SA-iDH ~oNE ShOULD KNOW ThE ThREE CLASSES OF yOGA/
         ThAT OF BLESS-iNG/ ThAT OF -iMAG-iNAT-iON (yONS-BRTAGS) AND ThAT
         OF ThE COMPLETE MAN-iFESTAT-iON O~ FORM." tHERE WERE MANY ~iGA~
         WHO USED TO Th-iNKH "LF ONE WOULD NOT PROP-iT-iATE ACCORD-iNG
         TO ThE METhODS OF D-iFFETCNT SâƒDHANAS/ PTEACHED BY ~AT-iOUS
         TEACHETS/ AND (EXPOUNDED) -iN D-iFFERENT tANTRAS/ ThE PROP-iT-iA-
         T-iONS WOULD NOT BE COMPLCTE. i~ SO/ A ~ULLY-ENL-iGHTCNCD
         (bUDDHA) CANNOT PROP-iT-iATE EVEN A S-iNGLE MANDALA/ BECAUSE
         HE -iS FREE OF CONSTRUCT-iVE ThOUGHT. cAN YOU AVO-iD Th-iS
         CONTRAD-iCT-iONL sUCH PEOPLE ShOULD BE -iN-iT-iATED ACCORD-iNG TO
         D-iF~RENTR-iTES/ AND NOT ACCORD-iNG TO ThE wAJRAVAL-i BELONG-iNG
         TO ThE SYSTEM OF aBHAYA. s-iLd-iLARLY ALSO ONC ShOULD NOT
         SPCAK SL-iGHT-iNGLY Oe ThOSE WHO BESTOWED -iN-iT-iAT-iONS AC~ORD-
         -iNG TO ThE ~oCEAN OF sADHANAS/ (SgRUB-ThABS RGYA-MTShO)/
         TRANSM-iTTED ThROUGH aBHAYAKARAGUPTA/ pUNYAKARAGUPTA (DgE-
         BA-I 'BYUN-GNAS SBAS-PA)/ ThE S-iDDHA GlON-ZABS/ ThE
         PAND-iTA k;RT-iCANDRA/ AND ThE LO-TSA-BA gRAGS-PA RGYAL-
         MTShAN/ BECAUSE ONE -iS UNABLE TO ESTABL-iSh WHEThER ONE -iS
         F-iT OR NOT TO ENTER -iNTO Th-iS GREAT MYST-iC SPHERE (DKY-iL
         /KHOR CHEN-PO). qNE ShOULD CLASS S-iM-iLARLY ThE SgRUB-ThABS
         BRGYA RTSA ("hUNDRED sADHANAS") AND OThER TEXTS TRANSN~-iTTED
         BY RdO-RjE GDAN-PA TO bA-R-i LO-TSA-BA. tHE cHAPTER ON ThE
         OT-iG-iN OF wAJRAVAL-i (TdO-RjE PHREN-BA) AND OThER TEXTS. i
         HAVE WR-iTTEN ThE ABOVE ACCOUNT OF tANTR-iC AND sUTRA DOC-
         TR-iNES/ BAS-iNG MYSELF ON ThAT WH-iCH HAD BEEN SEEN BY ME/
         HEARD (BY ME) FROMMY tEACHERS/ OBTA-iNED (BY ME) -iN ThE
         B-iOGRAPH-iES OF OThER (TEACHERS)/ AND READ -iN H-iSTOR-iES/ BUT/
         BECAUSE OF MY FEEBLE M-iND/ L WAS NOT ABLE TO RELATE -iT ALL.
         tHERE HAVE BEEN COUNTLESS BOOKS/ SOME OF ThEM BEL-iEVED TO
         HAVE BEEN -iMPARTED BY GODS/ SUCH AS ThE MANY PROFOUND
         DOCTR-iNES TAUGHT BY ThE GUHYAPAT-i wAJRAPâƒn-i TO ThE MAHA-
         UPâƒDHYAYA lAS-KY-i RDO-RJE/ AND ThE NUMETOUS TEACH-iNGS BES-
                                                                         p.1049
         TOWED BY ThE wENERABLE mANJUGHOSA ON ThE TEACHER DBu-
         MA-PA.' sOME OF ThESE BOOKS HAVE BEEN COMPOSED -iN ThE
         STYLE OF ThE tANTRAS BY ThOSE ENDOWED W-iTh ThE yOGA OF ThE
   (19B) uLT-iMATE eSSENCE (tATTVATA/ BDAG-N-iD DE-KHO NY-iD). tHERE
         EX-iST ALSO NUMEROUS PSALMS EXPOUND-iNG (MYST-iC) PRACT-iCES.
         oNE ShOULD NOT SPEAK SL-iGHT-iNGLY OF ThEM/ BECAUSE OF ThE-iR
         FAULTY COMPOS-iT-iON/ ETC./ UNLESS ThEY CONTRAD-iCT ThE ThREE
         MORAL PRECEPTS (S-iKSA) H-iGHER MORAL-iTY/ H-iGHET ThOUGHT
         AND H-iGHER LEARN-iNG).
            bECAUSE/ AS STATED -iN ThE w-iMALA PRABHAH
              "eVEN ThROUGH SPOKEN -iD-iOLN AND BROKEN WORDS/
               oNE/ POSSESSED Oe yOGA/ -iS ABLE TO GRASP ThE MEAN-iNG/
               jUST AS A SWAN KNOWS HOW TO SUCK OUT M-iLK M-iXCD
                 W-iTh WATER.
               gREAT oNES OFTEN PLACE NO CONF-iDENCE -iN WORDS/
               wHEN -iNVEST-iGAT-iNG ThE FOUNDAT-iON OF ThE aBSOLUTE.
               iF ONE -iS ABLE TO GRASP ThE MEAN-iNG W-iTh ThE HELP
                 OF A SPOKEN LANGUAGE/
               wHAT USE -iS ThERE OF A CLASS-iCAL LANGUAGE (-i.E. sANSKR-iT)?"
            i HAVE ALSO HEARD ThAT ThE -iNMATES OF r-i-BO-CHE POSSESSED
         ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF MANY SâƒDHANAS AND ThE hEVAJRA-tANTRA PREA-
         CHED BY ONE CALLED ThE S-iDDHA jâ¤âƒNA TO StAG-LUN sANS-RGYAS-
         DBON. dUR-iNG ThE PER-iOD PRECED-iNG ThE CORN-iNG O~ aTLSA TO
         M~A/-R-iS/ A CERTA-iN A-TSA-RA DmAT-PO (ThE ~rED oNE//) ALSO
         NAMED ShES RAB GSAng-BA/ A PAND-iTA FROM oDD-iY~NA/ WHO HAD
         BECOME ThE D-iSC-iPLE OF rATNAVAJRA/ ThE kAShM-iR-iAN/ PTOPAGATED
         ThE tANTRAS BELONG-iNG TO ThE cYCLE OF tH-iG-LE (t-iLAKA)/ SUCH
         AS ThE pHYAG-RGYA CHEN-PO Th-iG-LE AND OThERS/ TOGEThER W-iTh
         ThE-iR COMMENTAR-iES AND BRANCHES/ AND ThESE WERE OF BENEF-iT TO
         ThE t-iBETANS (sHR⌠MAHâƒMUDR⃠T-iLAKA-NâƒMA-MAHAYOG-iNLTANTRA-
         RâƒJADH-iPAT-i/ kG. RgYUD-'BUM/ nOS. 4~O-42~; a-TSA-RA DmAR-
         PO WAS HELD RESPONS-iBLE BY SOME H-iSTOR-iANS FOR ThE CORRUPT-iON
         Oe CERTA-iN MYST-iC PRACT-iCES BELONG-iNG TO ThE aNUTTARA-YOGA~
 1. DBu-MA-PA WAS ThE TEACHER OF rje tshong-kha-pa. hE WAS SA-iD TO HAVE BEEN
    ThE TRANSM-iTTER OF mâƒâ¤JUGHOsA'S COMMAND'S AND TEACH-iNGS TO tshong kha pa.
                                                                         p.1050
         tANTRA. aUSS CAM~ OUE W-iTh A CONDEMNAT-iON OF ThESE PTAC-
         T-iCES. RgYAL BA iNA-PA-I RGYAL-RABS/ FOL. 48B ~ bUT lAS-CHEN
         kUN.RGYAL BA(A FAMOUS H-iSTOR-iAN OF ThE sA-SKYA-PA SCCT/ AUThOR
         Oe A LARGE H-iSTORY OF bUDDH-iSM -iN t-iBET/ SAYSH "tHE ~rCD/
         ACARYA WHO HAD TRANSLATED ThE GsAH-SNAGS tH-iG-LC SKOR/ AND
         COMPELLED MANY MONKS TO BECOME LAYM~N/ WAS A PREACHER OF
         A HERET-iCAT DOCTR-iNC/. iT -iS TRUE/ ThAT SOME MONKS WHO WERE
         NOT H-iS CQUALS -iN UNDERSTAND-iNG/ M-iSUNDERSTOOD ThC ESSENCE OF
         ThE tANTRAS/ ThUS DEF-iL-iNG ThE-iR MORAL-iTY. bUT WHO WOULD
         DARE TO CALL SUCH A GREAT S-iDDHES1~ARA AS ThE PAnd-iTA SES-RAB
         GSAN-BAL-iN ThE TEXT gSAN-BA SES-RAB/ A HERET-iCAL TEACHER/ T~Lus
         CAUS-iNG H-iMSELF TO FALL -iNTO ThE BOTTOMLESS hDL ~ tHERE-
         FORE ALL W-iSE MEN ShOULD ABSTA-iN FROM -iT.//) tH-iS PANT-iTA
         HAV-iNG AGA-iN V-iS-iTED t-iBET -iN A LATER PER-iOD/ BECAME ThE TEACHER
         OF ThE sA-CHCN. tHOUGH -iT -iS KNOWN ThAT ThE PRECEPTS OF ThE
         SAMPANNAKRAMA DEGREE TRANSM-iTTED ThROUGH H-iM/ CONT-iNUE TO
         EX-iST TO ThE PRES~NT DAY/ i HALRE NOT SEEN BOOKS ON ThEM. aN
         EXCELLENT PRACT-iCE OF MYSNC TRANCE/ NAMED GT~-iG-SES kUN-GROL
         (kNOWLEDGE WH-iCH R~VEALS ALL)/ WH-iCH WAS -iMPART~D BY A
         RUTCLARY DE-i~ TO ThE gREAT wENERABLE mâƒâ¤JUR;~PA/ WHO HAD
         OBTA-iNED ~ GREAT l-iGHT -iN ThE dOCTR-iNE/ WAS BESTOWED BY RHE
         LATTER ON ~HE yAR-L~LUNS LO TSA-BA gRAGS-PA RGYAL-MTShAN. hE
   (20A) BESROWED -iT ON S~E-MDO BA kUN-DGA/ DON-GRUB. tH~ LATTER
         BESTOWED -iT ON ThE BkA' BCU-PA G~ON-NU SEN-GE. L'HE LATTER
         BESTOWED -iT ON hUM-CHCN nAM-MKHA' TNAL-'BYOR. iT WAS
         ThEN HANDED DOWN ~O ThE gUN-ThA~-i RAB-'BYAMS-PA sES-RAB
         RGYAL-MTShAN OF ThE PRESENT DAY. tHE cYCLE OF ThE tAR-i
         TRANSM-iTTED BY rAV-iGUPTA (~-i-MA SBAS-PA). iT -iS SA-iD ThAT
         -iN Th~ COUNTRY OF kASMLRA ThERE HAD BEEN AN -iMAGE OF ThE
         tA/U tARA CNDOWED W-iTh M-iRACULOUS POwETS (S-iDDH-i) -iN ThE
         tEMP~E OF rAN-BYUN iHA-LNA/ lEPERS A~TER WORSh-iPP-iNG ThC
         -imAGE WERC CURED OF ThE-iR A-iL~ NT. aBOUT ThAT R-iME ThE
         ACARYA r~V-iGUPTA (~-i-MA SBAS-PA)/ WHO WAS iCARNED -iN ThC
         F-iVE SC-iENCC AND ESPEC-iALLY -iN ThE tANTRA/ WAS ATTACKCD BY
         LEPRO~Y (KLU/-i GNOD.PA). hE BU-iLT A HUT FOR H-iMSEL~ TO ThC
         WEST OF TL~C ~R-iHARA/ AND PRARCD FOR ThRCE NLONThS. tHEN ThC
                                                                         p.1051
         TEMPLE'S ~ATE MOVED (BY -iTSELF) WESTWATDS/ AND TLU t~R-i
         SA-iDH ~wHAT -iS YOUR VV-iSh ?// AND ThE ACARY~ REPL-iCDH "i
         W-iSh TO BE CURED OF LEPROSY." iN ThAT VC;Y MOMENT H-iS
         ENT-iRE BODY/ EXCE~R FOR A SMALL SORE ON H-iS FORCHEAD/ ASSUMET
         -iTS FOTMCR APPEATANCC. hE ASKETH "wHAT WAS ThE REASON
         FOT NOT CUR-iNG TTX SORE ON ThE FOREHEAD?" tHE tARA REPL-iEDH
         "fORMERLY YOU WERE BORN AS A HUNTER/ K-iLLED AN-iMALS AND -iN
         ThE END SET F-iRE TO A FOREST. iN CONXQUENCE OF Th-iS/ YON
         WETE REBORN -iN hELL AND Th-iS -iS ~OUR LA~T REB-iRTh OF ThE 500
         REB-iRThS -iN hELL/" AND SAY-iNG SO/ ShE BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE
         SADHANA/ AEEOMPAN-iCD BY A STOTN (WH-iCH WAS REC-iTED AS
         MANTRA). tHE tARA SA-iD "w-iTh ThE-iR HELP/ ONE MAY PER-
         FOTM ANY K-iND O~ MAG-iC R-iTE. i ShALL GRANT YOU M-iRACULOUS
         POWERS (S-iDDH-i)~/. aFTER ThAT ThE ACARYA COMPOSED A MAG-iE
         R-iTE WH-iCH EORJESPONDED TO ThE TWENQ.ONE SADHANAS/ AS WELL
         AS GCN~R~L R-iT~S AND ThE-iR BRANCH~S. hC TAUGHT -iT TO cANDRA-
         GARBHA. tHE LATTER TO jETAR-i. tHE LATTER TO wAG-iSVARA (~AG-
         G-i DBAN-PHYUG). tHE LATTER TO ~RADDHAKARA. tHE LATTER TO
         ~AThAGARANKS-iA. tHE LATTER TO dANAS-iLA/ WHO BESTOWED -iT
         ON mAL-GYO LO-TSA-BA. iN ThE TRANSLAT-iON BY mAL-GYO ThE
         SADHANAS AND ThE MAG-iC T-iTCS WCRE ARRANGED -iN SEPARATE SEC-
         T-iONS/ BUT -iN ThE TRANSLAT-iON BY ThE kHRO-PHU LO-TSA-BA ThE
         MAG-iC R-iTES WERE ADDED -iN ThE END OF EACH OF ThE PROP-iT-iA-
   (20B) T-iON R-iTES (SADHANA).
            iTS l-iNEAGEH ThE tARA/ âƒNANDA (kUN DGA/-BO)/ ThC ARHAT
         mADBYANT-iKA (DGRA-B~OM L;L-i-MA-GUN-PA)/ ~ANAVAS-iN (~A-NA/-i
         GOS-CAN)/ kRSN~VAS-iN (kRS.NA/-i GOS-CAN)/ ThE kAShM-iT-iAN
         rAV-iGUPTA (kHA-CHE ~ MA SBAS-PA)/ r~HULASR-i/ w-iNDASR;/ pA.N-
         CBEN !~AKY;UN (BHADRA). tHE LATTER BESTOWED -iT ON kHRO-
         PHU LO-TSA-BA/ BLA CHEN BsOD-DBAN/ r-iN-PO CHE-PA/ tShAD-
         MA/-i SKYES-BU AND bU r-iN-PO-CHE. mAL-GYO PREACHED -iT TU
         sA-CHEN.~ tHE LATTER TO RtSC MO (ONE OF ThE F-iVE GR~AT sA-
         SKYA-PA BLA-M~S). tHE LATTER TO ThE wENERABLE oNE (RJE~
         BTSUN--ONE O~ F-iVC sA-SKYA-PA BLA-MAS)/ WHO COMPOSED MANY
 ~ kUN-DG-/' SN-iR-i-PO/ B. 1092 a.d./ D. 1158 a.d.
                                                                         p.1052
         TEXT BOOKS ON ThE SYSTEM/ AND TAUGHT -iT TO /~H-iMS L~HOS-SEN/
         ThE dHARMASVAM-iN 'LAM-GSAR/ rOng-PA RgWA-LO/ SES RAB SEN-GE/
         DpAL-KLAN SCN-GE/ ThE BlA-LdA dAM-PA BsOD-NAMS RGYAL-
         MTShAN/ ThC MAHA-UPâƒDHYAYA sES-RDOT-PA/ ~HHHOS-SGO-BA ~HHHOS-
         KY-i RGYA-MTShAN/ AND RgOD-PHRUG gRAGS-PA 'BYUN-GNAS. i OB-
         TA-iNED -iT FROM ThE LATTER. iN GENERAL/ ThE CYCLE OF ThE tARA
         (TRANSM-iTTED) ThROUGH D-iF~ERENT l-iNEAGES F-iLLED t-iBET. tHE
         cHAPTER ON M-iSCELLANEOUS DOCTR-iNES.
            tHE StENS-PA LO-TSA-BA tShUL-KHR-iMS 'BYUN-GNAS WHOSE
         BENEF-iT WAS GREAT FOR ThE l-iNEAGE OF ThE rEC-iTAT-iON OF ThE
         Sâ–TRAS -iN t-iBETH hE WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAT f-iRE-fEMALE-hOG
         (ME-MO-PHAG--L L07 a.d.) AS SON O~ FAThER StEN-PA tOG-'BAR
         AND MOThER MdA/-MO bU-SKY-iD. aT ThE AGE O~ S-iX -HE PEEPED
         ThROUGH A HOLE -iN ThE wALL AND SAW NUMEROUS COUNTT-iES
         (F-iLLED) W-iTh CA-iTYAS. lATER WHEN HE CAME TO iND-iA/ HE D-iS-
         COVERED -iT TO (BE ThE SAME COUNTRY SEEN PREV-iOUSLY BY H-iM).
         aT ThE AGE OF TEN/ HE REC-iTED SOME MANTRAS OF aCALA AND WAS
         ABLE TO CURE ThE A-iLMENTS OF OThERS BY BLOW-iNG ON ThE
         PAT-iENT. fROM H-iS CH-iLDHOOD HE PLACED CONF-iDENCE -iN ThE
         rATNA. aT ThE AGE OF 13/ HE PROCEEDED EO dAGS-PO/
         BECAUSE OF -iLL-TREATMENT BY H-iS STEP-MOThER. hE CONVEYED
         TO H-iS FAThER/S HOUSE ALL PRESENTS RECE-iVED BY H-iM FOR REC-iT-iNG
         SACRED TEXTS/ BUT H-iS FAThER SCOLDED H-iNL. hE BECAME SAD/
   (21A) AND AGA-iN RETURNED TO dAGS-PO. tHERE HE CUT H-iS HA-iR -iN ThE
         PRESENCE OF SkAN-MO GNAS-BRTAN/ AND ASSUMED ThE APPEARANCE
         OF A MONK. hE HAD AUSP-iC-iOUS DREAMS. aT ThE AGE OF 15/
         HE TOOK UP OTD-iNAT-iON -iN ThE PRESENCE OF RgYA-/DUL -iN uPPER
         mYAng. hE LEARNT ThE ~'dOM~-iN OF pRACT-iCE// (SpYOD_PHYOGS)
         FROM cH-iMS/ ThE "aLL-KNOW-iNG." hE RECE-iVED ThE F-iNAL MO-
         NAST-iC ORD-iNAT-iON/ BtSUN-~UL-RGYA ACT-iNG AS UPADHYAYA/ DgE'
         'DUN-SKYABS OF G~AL ACT-iNG AS ACâƒRYA/ AND tShUL-'PHAGS OF
         SkY-i ACT-iNG AS sECTET pRECEPTOR (GSAN-STON/ GSAN-STE STON-PA/
         TAHO'NUSâƒSAKA/ mHVTPT/ nO. 8730). dES-iROUS OF GO-
         -iNG TO iND-iA/ BUT HAV-iNG NO GOLD (TO TAKE W-iTh H-iM)/ HE COP-i-
         ED TWO VOLU0/ES OF ThE sATASâƒHASR-iK⃠pRAJNAPARAM-iTA~ fOR Th-iS
         HE RECE-iVED 12 GOLDEN ZCS/ WH-iCH HE TOOK W-iTh H-iM. wHEN
                                                                         p.1053
         HE RCACHED ~)-i~-R-i/ aTYA aVALOK-iTES~RARA -iN ThE GU-iSC OF AN OLD
         MAN/ ShOWED H-iM ThE ROAD. wHEN HE REACHED nEPAL/ HE
         PRAYED FOR A SAFE JOURNEY TO /pHAGS-PA /~A/-MAL-i (AT kATh~-
         MANDU(nEPALL. nOWADAYS CALLED BY t-iBETAN P-iLGR-iMS /dZAM-
         GL-iN DKAR-MO) AND OThER -iMAGES. tHEN W-iThOUT REGARD FOR
         H-iS L-iFE/ HE JOURNEYED TO iND-iA AND MET -iN mAGADHA tSA-M-i
         sAN~RGYAS GRAGS-PA. hE SPCNT TCN YEARS W-iTh H-iM AND ThEN
         FELL -iLL W-iTh MALAR-iA. tHE tARA PRESCR-iBED H-iM AN ABLUT-iON/
         AND HE WAS CURED. aBOUT ThAT T-iME H-iS YOUNGER BROThER
         ~HHO~'BAR SOLD ThE F-iELD/ AND REAL-iZED MUCH GOLD. hE LEFT
         dAG~PO AND WENT -iNQU-iR-iNG ABOUT H-iS BROThER/ AND ThUS
         ARR-iVED -iN wAJRASANA. hC SA-iDH "tHE FAThER HAS D-iED. i
         HAVE COMPLETED ThE FUNERAL R-iTES. tH-iS GOLD -iS YOUR ShARE.
         nOW i ShALL RETURN TO MY NAT-iVE PLACE." bUT (StCNS-PA
         LO TSA BA) PERSUADED H-iM TO TAKE UP STUDY AND HE BECAME A
         LEARNED PAND-iTA/ BUT D-iED OF FEVER. aBOUT ThE T-iMC OF H-iS
         DEATh/ HE SA-iDH ~yOU ShOULD TAKE MY BONES TO DgE-T-i."
         tHR-iCE HE MADE H-iM SWEARH "i ShALL PROCEED TO t-iBET."
         aFTER TL~AT (StEN~PA LO-TSA-BA) RETURNED (TO t-iBET) AND ETECTED
         A CA-iTYA (A RCL-iC HOLDER--GDUN KHAN) FOR H-iS REMA-iNS. hE COM..
         PLETED ThE COPY-iNG OF TWENTY VOLUMES OF ThE pRAJâ¤âƒ PâƒRAM-iTâƒ
         BEGUN BY (H-iS) FAThER. tHEN TAK-iNG W-iTLH H-iM ABOUT F-iFTY GOLDEN
         SRANS/ HE AGA-iN JOURNEYCD OO iND-iA AND FOUND ThAT ThE tEACHER
         tSA-M-i WAS NO MORC. hE OF~ERED PRESENTS TO H-iS MORTAL
         REMA-iNS. h~ STUD-iED EXTENS-iVELY ThE tANTRAS AND sUTRAS UNDER
         Th-iRTCEN SCHOLARSH ThE MAHA-PAND-iTA sAM-GA-TA V-iRWA (sAMGA-
         TAVLRA)/ dASABALASR⌠(-iN ThE TEXT dA-SA-BHA-LA.SN)/ cANDRAK;RT-i/
         sUDHANAGUPTA/ sâŒLACANDRA/ w-iMALARAKS-iTA/ jAYAGUPTA/ s-iMHA-
   (21B) HARA/ bHASKARA/ s-iLASRL/ wASANTAT-iLAKA/ aNANDAD~VA/ AND ThE
         nEPALESE PAND-iTA nAYAS~-i. hE -iNV-iTED ThE PAND-iTA aLANKADEVA
         (_aLAMKARADCVA)/ A DCSCCNDANT OF ThE kASM-iR-iAN tR-iLOCANA
         (SpYAN ~/SUM-PA/ A FAMOUS G~AMMAR-iAN). hE COLLCCTCD MANY
         MAN-LOADS OF iND-iAN BOOKS (MANY OF H-iS BOOKS ARE ST-iLL PRESERV-
         ED -iN ThE MONASTERY OF ~OR. tHE WORDS "BOOKS OF ~âŒLAKARA"
         (tShUL-kHR-iMS 'BYUN-GNAS)ARE -iNSCR-iBED ON ThE MANUSCR-iPTS.
         wERBAL COMMUN-iCAT-iON BY rEV. DgE-/DUN-CHOS-'PHEL). hE MADC
                                                                         p.1054
         NUMEROUS TRANSLAT-iONS AND REV-iSED EX-iST-iNG TRANSLAT-iONSH ThE
         Ss~RU~ThABS BSDU~PA CHEN-PO/ ThE 'dUL-BA RAR;-G-i RNAM-B~D
         (w-iNAYA SUTRA VfTTY ABH-iDHANA-SVAVYAKHYANA-NAMA/ tG. RgYUD/
         nO. 4119)/ThE ~-i-KHR-i GZUN-/GREL (~RYA-pANCAV-iMSAT-iSAHASR-iKA-
         pRAJNAPARAM-iTOPADESASASTRA - aBH-i SAMAYâƒLAMKARAKA tâŒKA VART-iKA/
         tG/ ~ER-PHY-iN/ nO. 378~)/ ThE jATAKAM~LA COMPOSED BY
         (~YA)~URA (i-G. nO. 4150)/ ThC kALACAK~AMULATANTRA (dUS-
         'KHOR RTSA-RGYUD. pROBABLY ThE kALACAKRA-NAMA-TANTRARAJA/ kG.
         RgYUT-'BUM/ nO. 362)/ AND ThE cYCLE OF nAGARJUNA (ThE
         gUHYASAMAJA)/ ACCORD-iNG TO ThE METhOD OF Th~ PAND-iTA
         aLARNKARADEVA. aT ThAT T-iME HE SPCNT F-iVE YEARS -iN iND-i~.
         tHEN HAV-iNG AGA-iN COME TO iNj-iA/ HE STUD-iED FOR ThREE YEARS
         ThE mAH⃠V-iBHASA (bYE-BRAG BSAD-PA CHEN-PO; ThERE EX-iSTS A
         REPORT TL AT HALF OF ThE bYE-BRAG BSAD-PA HAD BEEN TRANSLATED
         DUR-iNG ThE RE-iGN Oe kHR-i-SROR; iDC-BTSAN). ~E BROUGHT Eo
         t-iBET ThE sANSKR-iT TEXT OF Th-iS BOOK. aFT~R ThAT HE AND
         aLARNKARADCVA TRANSLATCD -iT/ BUT AFTER F-iN-iSh-iNG TWo Th-iRDS
         OF ThE TEXT/ ThE PAN.D-iTA PASSED AWAY.
            iNSTEAD OF A FUNERAL R-iTE/ ThEY HELD A GREAT REL-iG-iOUS ASSEMB-
         LY O~ 48 REL-iG-iOUS CHA-iRS. iN GENERAL/ HE POSSCSSED A CLCAR
         ~-iS-iON OF ThE MANDALA OF ThE S-iXTY-TWO DE-iT-i~S OF ThE sARNVARA
         PAR-i~(ARA/ AND O~ N~ANY DHARMAP~LAS. hE BECAME ThE TEACHER
         O~ GREAT SCHOLARS/ SUCH AS gRO-LUN-PA CHEN-PO AND ~ThERS/ MD
         ThE mASTER O~ ThE dOCTR-iNE. hE PASSED AWAY AT ThE AGE O~
         84/ -iN ThE YEAR iRON-mALE-dOG (iCAGS-PHO-KHY-i--i iGO a.d.).
         82 YCARS HAD PASSED S-iNCE ThE DEATh OF ThE GREAT LO-TSA-BA BlO-
         LDAN ~ES-RAB. mANY REL-iCS AND -iMAGES WERE RECOVETED (~ROM
         ThE AShES).
            h-iS D-iSC-iPLE ~HAG DgRA-BCOMH HE WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR
         wATER-fEM~LE-hEN (CHU-MO-BYA--1153 a.d.) -iN ThE V-iLLAGE
         OF T~HAG AS SON OF mES BkRA-S-iS-DGA'/ WHCN StCNSPA LO-TSA-BA
         W~ 47. hE WAS ORDA-iNED BY gU-RUB CHAG-STON/ ThE gkAT/
         NAMED r-iN-CHEN TShUL-KHT-iMS/ ThE D-iRECT D-iSC-iPLE OF gRO-LUN-
         PA. hE STUD-iED sANSKR-iT gRAMM~T AND ThE WORK OF A TRANSLATOR
         W-iTh StENS-P~ LO-TS-i-BA. hE ALSO L-iSTENED TO (ThC EXPOS-iT-iON) OF
         ThE gUHY~AM-iJA-t~N~A 2CCORT-iNG TO ThE METhOD OF nAGARJUN~/
                                                                         p.1055
         ThE kALACAKRA ã¹ND OThER SYSTC~S. hC RCQUCSTCD H-iS tE~CHER
         (TO BE G-iVEN ThE PO RER O~ CON-iUR-iNG) ThC DHARMAP~LA pH~R~
   (22A) BZ-i-PA/ AND Th-iS rD-iG-iOUS p~ R FOLLOWED A~R H-iM. hE
         TOOK UP ThC F-iNAL MONAST-iC ORD-iNAT-iON BEFORE mA-GRO ~dUL-'DZ-iO/
         A D-iSC-iPLE OF bYAN-SEMS ZL~RAL/ AOD H-iS D-iSC-iPLE ThE UPADHY
         AYA dAR-BRTSON. hE ATTENDED ON 15 t-iBETAN TEACHERS/ WHO
         -iNCLUDED ThE KALYANA-M-iTN ~K-GRUB OF GtSAN/ GtSAN-DHR/
         ThE ~OG-GM LO BA mYA-NAN MED-PA-I DP~ N LO-TS-i-BA/
         AND OThCTS. iN ORDER TO RANO~RC DANGERS DUR-iNG H-iS JOURNCY TO
         iND-iA/ HE PROP-iT-iATED kHASARPANA (A FORRN OF a~ALOL~-i~VAN)
         AND OBSERVED S-iGNS. L~LEN HAV-iNG LEFT nEPAL/ HE JOURNQED
         TOWARDS iND-iA. eVERY DAY HE USED TO BUY FLOWERS FROM ~E
         MARKET PLACE/ AND STREW ThEM OVER ThE mAHABODH-i (-iMAGE)
         OF wAJRASANA/ AND ThE ~OWETS RUN~-iNED (HANG-iNG) ON ThE
         EARS OT ThE -iMAGE. fOLLOW-iNG Th-iS/ -iMAG~S OF FLO~VERS APPEARED
         M-iRACULOUSLY ON ThE EARS OF ~ GOLDCN -iMAGE WH-iCH HE
         ERECTED -iN LATA T-iMES AS SUBST-iRATE FOR ThE mAH-iBODH-i -iM~GE.
         hE ATTENDED ON mA-iTNCAODRA/ RdO-RJE GD~N-PA/ ThE jUN-iOR/
         n-iSKAL~NKA/ ~-iL-iKARA/ ~Al;YASRL/ AND bUDDH-iSM. hE WAS
         PART-iCUL RLY -iNDEBTED TO mA-iMCANDRA/ WHO HAD FORETOLD H-iM
         ThAT AFTER MED-iTAT-iNG -iNS-iDE A ~M~LL G~ODHOLA (TEMPLE) .AT
         nALANDA/ HE WOULD OBTA-iN ThE y-i~-iON O~ ThC S-iSTY-TWO GODS
         OF ThE sAM~RAR~ PANVARA ABOVE ~i E -id-iT-iAR ON ~RASE. wHCN
         HC CAUGHT KVER AT GLd-BO-R-iN/ AND WAS LAY-iNG -iN ThE ShADE
         OF A nYAGRODHA TREE/ HE HEARD A FA-iNT SOUND OF BRACELETS/ AND
         LOOK-iNG UP OC SAW ~ WOMAN O~ BROWN CO~PLAC-iON/ WHO WA~
         SPT-iNKL-iNG SOME OOLY WATER (BUM-CHU~ OVER H-iS L~RT/ AND ThE
         A-iLMENT/S ROOT W~S DCSTROYED. hE UNDCRST~OD ThE WOMAN TO
         BE ThE t-iRA. hE ALSO V-iS-iTED C-iGBQ SELF-EVOLVED SACTED
         -iMAGES OF iND-iA. oN HLS WAY TO t-iBET -iN COMPANY
         OF DpYD LO~ H/ HE WAS ~TTACKED BY BR-iGANDS OF ~-i-SLCY-iD
         (MEAN-iOG ~-BA~ DEATh/ ThE MEEUOG SUCH BR-iGANDS/') Oâœ~ D~E
         BANKS OF ThC g~NGES. hE CAST ~T ThEM H-iS MAG-iC GLANCE/
         AND ThE B~S GREW ~T-iF~. oN ~-iS ~RR-iV~L -iN t-iBET/ HE
         W~S OF L~CD LH~H~/ RgY~L iH~ -i/ tHAA PO CHE/ AND OThER
         MONASTET-iES. . hE SPENT SOMC T-iMC -iN ThEM/ BUT CH-iEL~Y HE
                                                                         p.1056
         RES-iDCD AT RtC/U-RA. tH-iS (MONASTERY) WAS F-iRST FOUNDED BY
         SkOR-CHEN-PO/ A D-iSC-iPLE OF SnCU-ZUR-PA. aFTER H-iM ThE
         SUCCESS-iON (OF ABBOTS) SEEMS TO HAVE BEEN -iNTERRUPTED FOR A
   (22B) T-iME. aFTER ThAT L~HAG LO-TSA-BA TOOK -iT OV~R. hAV-iNG
         -iNV-iTED bUDDHASTL/ HE TRANSLATED ThE j-iNAMARGAVATATA (TgYAL-
         BA-I LAM-'~UG/ 'fG. DBu-MA/ nO. 3964) AND OThER TEXTS. hE
         ATTENDED ON ~AKYASR;/ tHAM~CAD MKHYEN-PA-I DPAL/ rATNASRL/
         AND OThERS/ AND W-iTh ThE-iR HELP MADE MANY TTANSLAT-iONS.
         wHEN ThE kHA-CHE PAN CHEN (sHâƒKYASRâŒBHADRA) WAS BESTOW-iNG
         ThE F-iLLAL MONAST-iC ORD-iNAT-iON ON OThERS/ THHH~G LO-TSA-BA REC-iTED
         -iN ThE sANSKR-iT LANGU~GE ThE R-iTE/ AND PLEASED ThE GTEAC PARLD-iTA.
         h-iS OUTER APPEARANCEH hE HAD A ShAyEN HEAD/ (WALKEDJ
         BAREFOOT AND ABSTA-iNED FROM MEAT. bE-iNG ENDOWED W-iTh A
         PERFECT FRAGRANCE OF MORAL-iTY/ -iS FRAGRAdCE SPREAD FAR AND W-iDE.
         hE D-iED AT RtE/U-RA AT ThC AGE OF 64/ -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-mALE-
         mOUSE (ME-PHO-BY-i-BA--1216 a.d.). aT ThAT T-iME ~HAG/
         ThE ~UN-iOR" (~HOS RJE-DPAL)/ WAS 20. tH-iS WAS ThE f-iRE-
         mALE-mOUSE YEAR (ME-PHO-BY-i-BA--1216 a.d.) DUR-iNG WH-iCH
         ThE wENETABLE gRAGS-RGYAL D-i~D. dUR-iNG ThE CREMAT-iON OF
         H-iS REMA-iNS/ ALL ThE GODS OF ThE PAR-iVARA O~ sAMVATA APPEARED
         ON H-iS SKULL/ AND ThE ~-L-i kA-L-i (S-iGRLS) ON H-iS JAW. tHEY ARC
         NOW PRESERVED -iN TL-E CA-iTYA CONTA-iN-iNG REL-iCS WH-iCH ARE ShOWN
         TO WORSh-iPPERS ~PHY-i-RTEN). rAV-iNDRA HAD -iND-iCATED TO ~HHAG/
         ThE ã¹~jUN-iOR/// ThAT ThE CA-iTYA HAD FALLEN -iN RU-iNS AND ThAT HE
         HAD TO BU-iLD FOUR SUPPORTS (GLO-'BUT). hE D-iD SO. tHE R-iRE
         OF -iTS CONSECRAT-iON WAS PERFORMED BY rAVâŒNDRA FROM nEPAL.
         aT RtE/U-RA AT ThE T-iME OF ThE CONSECRAT-iON R-iTE/ A ShOWER OF
         R-iCC GRA-iNS FEL-i (-i.E. DE CONSCCRAT-iON R-iTE WAS PCRFORMED -iN
         nCPAL/ AND ~UR-iNG -iT/ A ShOWER OF R-i~E GRA-iNS FELL AT RtC/U FA
         -iN t-iBET). tHEN L-iGHTN-iNG STRUCK ThE CA-iTYA/ BUT WAS
         ~UNG AWAY/ AND ThC CA-iTYA BECAME KNOWN AS tHOG-BRDUGS
         ~iKAR-PO (ThE ~-wH-iTE (CA-iTYA) L-iGHTN-iNG-PROO~//). aFCER H-iS
         CTEMAC-iON AN -iMAGE OF kHASARPANS WAS RECOVERED FROM ThE
         AShES/ AND -iS NOW PRESERVED (-iNS-iDE) A GOLDEN -iMAGE OF
         sâƒKYAMUN-i. hE~HAD MANY D-iSC-iPLES -iN iND-iA/ AMONG ThEM
         ThE MAHA-PAND-iTA dHARMAST⌠AND OTh~RS.
                                                                         p.1057
            h-iS NEPHEW ~HAG cHOS-RJE-DPALH HE WAS BORN -iN ThE
         YEAR f-iRE-fEMALE-sERPENT (ME-MO-SBRUL--1i97 a.d.) AS SON
         O~ TL~E ACâƒRYA dHARMA 'BYUng-GNAS AND (MOThER) cHOS-'BUM.
         tL~-iS f-iRE-sERPENT YEAR (ME-SBRUL) -iS ThE ~6Th YEAR OF kHRO-
         PHU LO-TS⃠i)A. hE STUD-iED ThE sANSKR-iT AND t-iBETAN SCT-iPTS/
         ThE VOCABULARY/ ThE /'rOYAL cOMMANDS'/ (BKA'-BCAD/ -i.E. ThE
         mAHâƒVYATPATT-i(tG. SnA-TShOGS/ nO. 4346)AND ThE SgRA-
         SBYOR BAM-PO Gâ¤-iS-PA(tG. SnA-TShO~/S/ nO. 4347))/ DRAW-iNG/
         AND TNE SC-iEUCE OF MEASUREMENTS OF MANDALAS AND -iMAGES/ ETC.
         fROM ThE AGE OF ELEVEN TO ThE AGE OF 20/ HE STAYED CONT-i-
         NUOUSLY W-iTh ~HAG DgRA-BCOM/ AUD OBTA-iNED (FTOM H-iM) MANY
   (23A) PRECEPTS OF ThE BAS-iC TEXTS OF ThE tANTRAS AND sUTRAS. oN
         F-iVE OCCAS-iONS HE ATTENDED ThE C-iTTOTPADA R-iTE. iN GENERAL/ FROM
         ThE AGE OF ~7 TO ThE AGE OF 45/ HE MADE ThC VOW OF NOT
         SEPARAT-i~LG FROM H-iS PEN AND -iNK (SNAG-SMYUG-TAN N~-i-'BRAL-
         BA). aT ThE AGE OF 14-15/ HE REC-iTED 26/000/000 MANTRAS
         OF aCALA AND OBTA-iNED A V-iS-iON OF ThE GOD. aT ThE AGE OF
         20/ H-iS PREDECESSOR (ThE "eiDER" ~AG) FEAR-iNG ThAT H-iS
         NERHEW WOULD PROCEED TO iND-iA/ ADV-iSED H-iM TO STUDY Th~
         aBH-i DHARMA. aFTER ThE DEATh OF cHAG DgRA-BCOM/ HE MADE
         PREPARAT-iON TO GO TO iN~L-iA. hE OBTA-iNED MANY DOCTR-iNES FROM
         TL~E sA-SKYA LO-TSA-BA (sA-LO) -iN GtSAR-i/ kHRO-LO ~kT~R~PHU LO-
         TSA-BA). mYAN-STOD ~O-TSA-BA/ gRO-STON BdUD-RTS-iGRAGS/ AND
         OThERS. hE OBTA-iNED FROM lHA-BTSUN-PA MgO~PO-DPAL OF gUN-
         TL~Ang ThE aBH-i DHARMA SAMUCCAYA AND ThE gUHYA SAMAJA-tANTRA
         ACCORD-iNG TO ThE SYSTEM OF nâƒGâƒRJUNA/ FOLLOW-iNG ThE METhOD
         OF T~oG. hE SPENT TEN YEARS W-iTh H-iM. aT s-iN-KUN -iN
         nEPâƒL HE MET rATNARAKS-iTA. hE ACTED AS TRANSLATOR WHEN
         kHAMS-PA StON-GRAGS AND OThER.~ WERE BE-iNG -iN-iT-iATED BY
         (rATNARAKS-iTA). hE ALSO OBTA-iNED ThE -iN-iT-iA~-iON -iNTO TL~E
         sARNVARA cYCLE AND OTL~ERS. hE ThEN STUD-iED W-iTh ThE MAHâƒ-
         PAnD-iTA rAVLNDRA WHO WAS AN UPASAH/ TL}E nâƒGARJUNA
         SYSTELN (ThE gUHYASAMAJ~-tANTRA)/ TL-iE wAJRAVAL-i/ RTLE Md~
         RGYUD RTOG PA BSDUS-PA/ AND OThER TEXTS. ~E WAS G-iVEN ThE
         PROPHECY WH-iCH SA-iD ThAT BENEF-iT WOULD ARUE FOR MANY
         L-iV-iNG BE-i~S. iN nEPAL HE SPENT E-iGHT FULL YEARS. aFTER
                                                                         p.1058
         ~HAT HE PRO~DCD TO iND-iA. hE V-iS-iTED wA-iSAL⌠(yAngS-PA-C~
         V-iA t-iRHUT (b-iHAR. iN ANC-iENT T-iLdES ThE NAME RgYA-GAR
         APPLTCD TO mAGADHA(b-iHAR)ONLY). iN A DREAM HE HAD A CLEAT
         ~/-iS-iON OF wAJRASANA. oN REACH-iNG wAJRASANA/ HE FOUND
         ThAT ThERE WAS NO ONE ThERE/ ALL HAV-iNG FLED FROM FEAR OF
         tURUSKA TROOPS. fOR A LONG T-iME HE WAS UNABLE TO SEE ThE
         mAH⃠BODH-i -iMAGE (eOR Th~ DOORS OF ThE V-iHAT~ WERE BLOCKED
         W-iTh BR-iCKS). lATER HE SA~ ThE -iMAGE/ MADE O~ER-iNGS
         TO ThE mAH⃠BODH-i/ AND EXAM-iNED ThE SACTED PLACE. aT
         nALANDA HE MET ThC PAnd-iTA râƒHULA sHRâŒBHADRA AND OBTA-iNED
         FTOLN H-iM MANY DOCTR-iNES. tHE gAT-LOG TROOPS (qATLUQ;
         HERE ThE NAME DES-iGNATES mUHAMMEDAN TTOOPS) ATR-iVED
         ThETE/ ALL ThE NAT-iVES AND ThE-iT K-iNG F~CD AWAY. râƒHULA SA-iD
   (23B) TO cHAGH "i/ BE-iNG 90 YEATS OLD/ AM UNABLE TO FLEE AWAY/
         bUT YOU/ ~OOL/ WHY DON'T YOU GO AWAY?/' ~ AG ~EPL-iEDH
         ã¹'eVEN -i~ MURDERED/ i COULDN/T SEPARATE FROM MY tEACHER!//
         râƒHULA HAV-i~LG FOUND H-iM TO BE A TRUSTWORThY PETSON/ BECAME
         PLEASED FROM ThE BOTTOM OF H-iS HEART. hAV-iNG TAKEN H-iS
         tEACHER ON H-iS BACK/ HE CARR-iED H-iM TO A TEMPLE OF mAHâƒKALA
         (MgON-PO) WH-iCH WAS ~CARED BY ThE gAR-LOG TROOPS/ AND ThE
         LATTERD-iD NOT HARM ThEM. iN mAGADHA HE C~UGHT FEVER/
         LND WHEN RHE FEVER LEFT H-iRN/ (H-iS BODY) BECAME COVETED
         W-iTh SORCS. hE AGA-iN CAUGHT FEVER -iN t-iRHUT (t-i~-L U-T-i).
         sLOWLY HE )OURNEYCD TO t-iBET. iN GENERAL/ HE STUD-iED ThE
         dOCTR-iNE (AT ThE eAET) OF TWELVE PAnd-iTAS/ FOUR t-iBETAN LO-
         T~A BAS/ 21 LEARNED MONKS/ AND OThERS. hE WAS PTA-iSED BY
         ThE sA-SKYA P~NCL~CN (kUN DGA/ RGY~ NTShAN) AS ThA MOST
         LE.LRNED O~ ThE TRANSLATORS AFTER ThE LO TSâƒ-BA r-iN-CHEN BZAng-PO.
         hE WAS EARNESTLY REQUESTED TO OCCUPY ThE ABBOT'S CHA-iR O~
         nAG -TShO LO TSA BA AND SPENT ThERE ~OUT YEARS. hE TECE-iVED
         ThE KEYS OF E-iGHTY MONASTER-iES/ SUCH AS hAR-iMANDA AND
         OThERS. hE ALSO RECE-iVED ABOUT 300 VOLUMES OF SACRED
         SCR-iPTURES. aFTER ThAT HE PROCEEDED TO RtE'U-RA. lATER AT
         ThE AGE OF 6~/ HE CAME TO tHAN-PO CHE. aBOUT ThAT T-iME
         HE V-iS-iTED ThE RES-iDENCE OF ThE PAnd-iTA dâƒLASh-iLA OF StAG-
         TShAL/ AND PRONOUNCED MANY BLESS-iNGS -iN sAL~SKR-iT. tHE
                                                                         p.1059
         PATTD-iTA TREMBLED AND ThE HA-iR ON H-iS BODY STOOD ERCCT (FROM
         AMAZEMENT). wHEN HE WAS PREACH-iNG ThE dOCTR-iNE DUR-iNG
         ThE SUMMER R~CESS AT /kHOR LO/ NUMEROUS SCHOLARS GAThERED
         ROUND H-iM/ -iNCLUD-iNG r-iG-PA/-i RAL-GR-i/ A FAMOUS SCHOLAR -iN
         ThE t-iBETAN LANGUAGE. tHERE WERE ALSO ABOUT A HUNDRED
         MONK-STUDENTS WHO HAD BROUGHT ThE-iR OWN BOOKS. eVERY
         DAY HE SOUNDED ThE CONCH Th-iTTEEN T-iMES (TO GAThER STUDENTS
         FOR ThE CLASSES). tHEN HE PREACHED ThE dOCTR-iNE -iN MANY
         MONASTER-iES OF '~U AND 'pHYOS OF yAR-KLUNS/ AND SPENT F-i-RE
         YEARS HT ThE REG-iON OF yAR-KLUNS. wHEN ThE -iNV-iTAT-iON OF
         ThE mONGOL eMPEROR ARR-iVED/ ThE GREAT MEN OF mONGOL-iA
         AND t-iBET HELD A CONSULTAT-iON BETWEEN ThEMSELVES/ AS A
         R~SULT OF WH-iCH HE WAS PERM-iTTED TO TEMA-iN (-iN t-iBET)
         BECAUSE OF FA-iL-iNG HEALTh. hE WAS -iNV-iTED TO sA-SKYA AND
         -iNSTALLED AS tEACHER BY sAR-PA yE-SES RGYAL-MTShAN AND ThE
   (24A) DpON-CHEN kUN-DGA' BZAN-PO. hE BECAME ThE mASTER OF ThE
         ASSEMBLY OF MONKS (TShOGS-DPON) AS WELL AS PREACHED ThE
         dOCTR-iNE. aFTER ThAT HE PROCEEDED TO RtE'U-RA AND HELD
         ThERE A GREAT REL-iG-iOUS COUNC-iL. hE PASSED -iNTO n-iRVATLA AT
         ThE AGE OF 68/ -iN ThE YEAR wOOD-mALE-mOUSE (s-iT;-PHT~BY-i-
         BA--1264 a.d.). aFTER H-iM DbAT;-PHYUG SES-RAB OF GtSAT;
         CARR-iED ON ThE BURDEN OF ABBOTSh-iP FOR MANY YEARS/ W-iThOUT
         BE-iNG NOM-iNATED ABBOT. aFTER H-iM/ ThE BLA-MA BStAN-
         'DZ-iN-DPAL/ SgN O~ ~HHAG ~-i-MA-DPAL/ ThE YOUNGEST BROThER OF
         ThE ~jUN-iOR'/ cHHAG/ AND H-iS YOUNGER BROThER zLA-BA ACTED AS
         ABBOTS FOR A ShOTT PER-iOD. iN ThE T-iME OF zLA-BA ThE sA-SKYA
         STATE(SkYA-SR-iD~ ATTACKE~ RtE/U-RA. aFTET ThE BlA-MA r-iT~-
         CL~EN 'BYUT-i-GNAS/ SON O~ M~A'-BDAG-DPAL/ ThE YOUNGEST
         BROThER OF zA-BA/ OCCUP-iED ThE CHA-iR FOR 13 YEARS/ aFTER
         H-iNL ThE CHA-iR WAS ENTRUSTED TO BlO-GROS-DPAL AN OF~-iC-iAL OF
         ThE BlA-BRAN (eCCLES-iAST-iCAL pALACE)/ AGED 74. iN ThE SAME
         YEAR HE NOM-iNATED TO ThE ABBOT'S CHA-iR sHâƒKYA-DPAL/ AN OFF-iC-iAL
         O~ ThE pALACE. tHE YEAR OF ThE DEATh OF ThE BlA-MA r-iN-
         CHEN 'BYUng-GNAS AND OF ThE NOM-iNAT-iON OF sHâƒKYA-DPAL -iS A
         f-iLE-fEMALE-hAREYEAR (ME-MO-YOS--1327 a.d.). tH-iRTEEN
         YEARS iATER/ sHAK~A-DPAL D-iED H-L ThE YEAR eARTh fEMALE-hARE
                                                                         p.1060
         (SA-M~YOS--1339 a.d.). s-iNCC ~HHOS-RJE-DPAL/S DEATh TO Th-iS
         f-iRE-fEMALE-hARE YEAR (ME-ME-YOS--1327 a.d.) O~ ThE NOM-i-
         NAT-iONOF sAKYA-DPAL 64 YEARS HAVE PASSED. aFTER H-iM ThE
         BlA-BRAR;-PA BZAN-PO DPAL. aFTER H-iM ~HAG ~HOS-DPAL/
         NEPHEW OF r-iN-CHEN 'BYUN-GNAS/ ACTED AS ABBOT/ BUT SOON
         D-iED. aFTER H-iM ThE BlA-BRAR;-PA BzAng-P~DPAL A~A-iN
         BECAME ABBOT. aFTER ThAT FOT F-iVE YEARS--ThE dHARMASVâƒ
         N~-iN L~-i-MA-BA. aFTET H-iM sAKYA-DPAL ACTED AS ABBOT FOR
         13 YEARS/ AND ThEN D-iED. aFTEA H-iM ThE dHARMASVâƒM-iN yE-
         SES DPAL-BZAR;-PO/ BORN -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-f~MALE sHEEP (ME-~
         iuG-1367 a.d.)/ CAME TO ThE ABBOT'S CHA-iR AT ThE AGE OF 25.
         hE OCCUP-iED ThE CHA-iR ~OR 18 YEARS T-iLL ThE YEAR eARTL~ ~ALE-
         mOUSE (SA-PH~BY-i-140~ a.d.). aFTER ThAC/ H~V-iL~G APPO-iNT-
         ED TO ThE CHA-iR ThE BlA-MA BsA~N-GRUB DPAL-MGON/ HE PASSED
         AWAY -iN ThE YEAR wOOD-mALE-dOG (~-iR;-PHO-KHY-i--1454 a.d.)
         AT ThE AGE OF 88. BsA~ GRUB DPAL-MGON OCCUP-iED ThE CHA-iR
   (24B) FOR 25 YEARS/ ~RAM ThE YEAR eARTh-mOUSE (SA-BY-i--140~ a.d.)
         TO ThEYEAR wATER-mOUSE CHU-BY-i--1432 a.d.). aFTER H-iL~
         BsOD-BLO (BsOD-NAMS BLO-GROS)/ BORN -iN TL~E YEAR w~TER-
         sERPENT (CHU-SBRUL--1413 a.d.)/ CAME TO ThE CL~A-iR AT ThE AGE
         Oe 20/ ANDOCCUP-iED -iT FO~ N-iNE YEARS/ FROM ThE YEAR wATCR-
         mOUSE (CL U-BY-i--1432 a.d.) TO ThE YEAR iRON-aPE (iCAGS.SPRE
         _ ~44O a.d.;. iN Th-iS VERY YEAR BlO-BZANS/ BORN -iN ThE YEAR
         iRON-oX (iCAGS-GLAN--142 i a.d.)/ WAS NOM-iL~ATED TO ThE CHA-iR/
         AGED 20. hE (BsOD-BLO) D-iED AT ThE AGE OF 56 -iN TL)E YEAR
         eARThmOUSE (SA-BY-i--1468 a.d.). BlO BZANS HAV-iNG
         OCCUP-iED ThE CBA-iR FOR 21 YEATS/ AN iRON-mALE-dRAGON YE~R
         (iCAGS-PHE-'BRUG--1~60 a.d.)/ GAVC UP ThE CHA-iR. hE D-iED
         AT ThE AGE O~ 42 -iN ThE YEAR wATER-hORSE (CHU-RTA--1462
         a.d.). aFT~R ThAT r-iN CHEL~ CHOS-RGYAL/ BORN -iN DLE YEAR f-iRE-
         fEMALE-hARE (N~E-M~YOS--1447 a.d.)/ CAME TO ThE CH~LR -iN
         ThE YEAR iRON-dRAGON (iCAGS-'BRUG--1460 a d.)/ AGED 14.
         t-iLL ThE PRESCNT f-iRE-mALE-aPE YEAT (ME-~HO-SPRC/U--1476
         a.d.) 1 7 YEARS HAVE PASSED.
           tHE cHAPTER ON RtE'U-RA.
           aT G~AL-LOng-L-iNS ThERE WAS A STU~ NT OF ThE kâƒLACAKRA
                                                                         p.1061
         SYSTEM/ A D-iSC-iPLE OF aBHAYA/ NAN~ED rON-L-iN LO-TSA-BA RdO-
         RJE RGYAL-MTShAN. h-iS V-iHâƒRA CALLED sAGS-KHA STANDS UN-
         DAMAGED EVEN NOW. i HAVE NOT SEEN H-iS B-iOGRAPHY/ AND
         AM ThEREFORE UNABLE TO GO -iNTO DETA-iLS.
                                                                         p.1062
                                    bauk xw.
            tHE OR-iG-iN OF REL-iG-iOUS SCHOOLS/ SUCH AS ThE ~OUR tSBOGS-
         SDE/ AND OThERS. qUET-iCS AND REPL-iES (CONCERN-iNG ThE "biUE
         aNNALS"; ZU-LAN). tHE STORY OF ThE PR-iNT-iNG OF Th-iS ED-iT-iON.
            i HAVE ALREADY G-iVEN -iN BR-iEF ThE STLxY OF ThE OR-iG-iN OF
         ThE hOLY dOCTR-iNE -iN ThE "aBODE OF sNOWS" (t-iBET). nOW
         (ThE STORY) OF ThE MONAST-iC COMMUN-iTY/ WH-iCH PRACT-iSED Th-iS
         dOCTR-iN~H ALL ThE w-iN~YADHARAS OF t-iBET BELONG TO ThE SCHOOL
         OF Th~ sANAST-i~AD-iNS. aMONG ThEM (ONE F-iNDS) ThE SO-CALLED
         "lOWER" l-iNEAGE OF ThE MAHA-UPADHYAYA ~ANTARAKS-iTA/
         HANDED DOWN BY ThE GREAT BlA-CH~N-PO (DgONS-PA rA~GSAL)/
         ThE SO-CALLED "uPPER" l-iNEAGE Oe ThE eAST iND-iAN PAND-iTA
         dHARMAPALA/ WHO HAD ORDA-iR~CD ThE ThREE pALAS AND OTh~RS -iN
         M~A'-R-iS/ AND ThE l-iNEAGE HANDED DOWN BY ThE kAShM-iR-iAN
         PAND-iTA sAKYASRL (BHADRA). oF ThESE ThREE l-iNEAGES/ ThE
         F-iRST TWO HAVE ALREADY BEEN MENT-iONED BY ME. nOW i ShALL
         ASCERTA-iN ThE YEAR -iN WH-iCH ThE GREAT kAShM-iT-iAN PAND-iTA
         sHâƒKYASNBHADRA/ WHO WAS DEST-iNED TO BECOME ThE FUTURE
         tH-iRD bUDDHA pRADYOTA (rAB GSAL)/ WAS BORN AND ThE YEAR -iN
         WH-iCH HE CAME TO t-iBET/ AS WELL AS ThE MANNER OF H-iS LABOURS
         FOR ThE WELFARE OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS. nOW ThE GREAT PAND-iTA
         H-iMSELF HAD ESTABL-iShED ThE bUDDH-iST cHRONOLOGY AT sOL-N..G
         tHAN-PO.CHE -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-fEMALE-hARE (ME-M~YOS--1~07
         a.d.)/ -iN WH-iCH HE SA-iDH "iN ThE F-iRST HALF OF ThE kARCT-iKA
         MONTh (oCTOBER-nOVEMBER)/ EXACTLY AT M-iDN-iGHT OF ThE 8Th
         DAY/ WHEN ThE mOON HAD SET BEH-iND ThE MOUNTA-iNS/ mUNâŒN-
         DRA PASSED -iNTO n-iRVANA. s-iNCE ThEN/ A ThOUSAND SEVEN
         HUNDRED AND F-iFTY YEARS/ TWO AND HALF MONThS AND F-iVE DAYS
         HAyE PASSEDH "aFTER D-iV-iD-iaG ThESE YEARS BY S-iXTY/ A REMA-iN-
         DER OF TEN YEARS -iS LEFT OVER. hENCE ThE F-iRST (YEAR) OF ThE
         bUDDH-iST cHRONOLOGY (-iS CALCULATED BY ThE MAH⃠PAnd-iTA)
                                                                         p.1063
         MUST HAVE BEEN ThE f-iRE-fEMALE-sERPENT YEAR (~M~-MO-SBRUL--
         1197 a.d.).
            (oNE ShOULD RANEMBER ThAT Th-iS CALCUlAT-iON WAS MADE)
         ThREE QCKS O~ S-iXTY YEARS AFTER ThE YEAT f-iTC-fANALE-hAT~
         (ME-LNO-YOS--1027 a.d.)/ WH-iCH -iS Th~ F-iRST OF ThE PER-iOT OF
         ~CURRENT" ('DAS-LO) YEARS O~ ThE k~LACAKRA SC~OLARS. tH-iS
         MEANS ThAT 180 YEARS HAD ELAPSED (S-iNCE ThE YEAT 1027 a.d.).
         fROM ThE f-iRE-~ARE YEAR (ME-YOS--1207 a. d.)/ WH-iCH
         HAD BEEN CALCULAT~D (BY ThE MAHA-PAND-iTA) AT tHAN/ TO ThE
         PRES~NT f-iR~-mALE-aPEYEAR (ME-PHO-SPRE--1~76 a.d.)FOUR
         CYCLES OF S-iXTY YEARS AND 30 YEARS HAVE CLAPSED. tHUS
         (Th-iS f-iRE-aPE YEAR) -iS ThE 2020Th Y~AR AFTER ~E n-iNANA OF
   (1A   ThE mUN-i. sUCH BE-iNG ThE cHRONOLOGY OF ThE dOCTR-iNE/ ThE
         B-iRTh-YEAR OF ThE MAHA-PANT-iU MUST BE ThE YEAR f-iR~-fEMALE-
         sHEEP (ME-M~LUG--1127 a.d.). fOR -iN ASTOTRA COMPOSED
         BY ThE kHRO-PHU LO-TSA-BA (-iN HONOUR OF ThE kHA-CHC PAN-
         CHEN)/ -iT -iS SA-iDH
            ~a ThOUSAND S-iX HUNDRED AND N-iNETY-TWO YCARS AFTER Th~
               n-iRVANA OF ThE (bUDDHA)/
            ThE sA-iNT WAS BORN AS CH-iEF OF ThE YELLOW-GARBED MONKS/
         WHO ARE ThE L-iFE OF ThE dOCTR-iNE OF sAKYA (ThE TEXT RCFETS
         TO ThE PRAVRAJYA OR ORD-iNAT-iON OF sHâƒKYASRâŒBHADRA).
         sALUTAT-iON TO H-iS FEET!" nOW/ AFTER D-iV-iD-iNG 1692 BY
         S-iXY/ A REMA-iNDER OF ~2 (YEARS) -iS LEFT OVER. tHE 12Th
         YEAR (-i.E. ThE 1692ND YEAR) -iS AN eARTh-mALE-dRAGON
         YEAR (SA-PH~'BRUG--1148 a.d.). tHE WORD "AFTER" (-iN ThE
         TEXT O~ ThE ABOVE STOTRA) MEANS ThE NEXT YEAR/ AN eARTh-
         fEMALE-sERPENT YEAR (SA-MO-SBRUL--1149 a.d.)/ WH-iCH -iS ThE
         23RD YEAR OF ThE MAHâƒ-PAnd-iTA (DUR-iNG WH-iCH HE RECE-iVED
         H-iS PRAVRAJY⃠ORD-iNAT-iON). tHE ABOVE BE-iNG VERY CLEAR/ ThE
         MAHâƒ-PAND-iTA'S 25Th YEAR WAS W-iThOUT DOUBT AN iRON-fEMALE-
         sHEEP YEAR (LCAGS-MO-LUG--1151 a.d.). iN Th-iS CONNECT-iON
         -iT -iS FOUND STATED -iN ThE WORKS BY SpY-i-BO lHAS-PA AND
         OThERS ThAT ThE MAHâƒ-PAND-iTA HAD COME TO t-iBET -iN H-iS 65Th
         YEAR. hOWEVER Th-iS -iS A M-iSTAKE. fOR ThE LO-TSA-BA (kHRO-
         PHU) HAS STATED ThAT ThE YEAR OF ThE MAHâƒ-PAND-iTA'S COM-iNG TO
                                                                         p.1064
         t-iBET WAS ThE wOOD-mALE-mOUSE YEAR (s-iN-PHO-BY-i-BA--1204
         a.d.). tH-iS wOOD-mALE-mOUSE YEAR WAS ThE 78Th YEAR OF
         ThE MAHA-PAND-iTA. hE SPENT TEN YEARS (-iN t-iBET)/ T-iLL ThE
         YEAR wATER-fEMALE-hEN (CHU-MO-BYA--1213 a.d.). hE LEFT
         t-iBET -iN ThE YEAR wOOD-mALE-dOG (S-iN-PHO-KHY-i--1 ~ ~ 4
         a.d.). iN ThE YEAR wOOD-fEMALE-hEN (S-iN-MO-BYA--1225
         a.d.) OF ThE NEXT cYCLE OF s-iXTY yEARS (LO-SKOR) HE REACHED
         ThE AGE OF 99. ~E PASSED -iNTO n-iRVâƒNA ON sATURDAY/ ThE
         STh DAY OF ThE SgROG-ZLA (~ATABH-iSâƒ/ aQ~LAR-i-i).
            tHE SAME WAS STAOED AS FOLLOWSH "aGED A HUNDRED YEARS/
         LESS ONE/ -iN ThE YEAR OF ThE hEN (BYA-LO--1225 a.d.)/ -iN ThE
         MONTh OF SgROG (~ASBH-iS.A)/ -iN -iTS F-iTST HA~F/ ON sATURDAY/ ThE
         F-iFTh DAY/ ThE sUN OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS MAN-iFESTED (H-iS) SETT-iNG/'.
         tH-iS sATURDAY COULD BE CLEARLY CALCULATED W-iTh ThE HELP OF ThE
         ASTROLOG-iCAL TABLES CALLED ~ A-BSDUS'/ COMPOSED BY ThE MAHâƒ-
         PAND-iTA H-iMSELF. iN ShORT/ ThE MAHâƒ-PAnd-iTA WAS BORN -iN ThE
         YEAR f-iRE fEMALE-sHEEP (ME-MO-LUG--1127 a.d.). hE WAS
         ORDA-iNED -iN ThE YEAR eARTh-fEMALE-sERPENT (SA-MO-SBRUL--1149
         a.d.). hE CAME TO t-iBET AT ThE AGE OF 78 -iN ThE YEAR
         wOOD-mALE-mOUSE (S-iN-PHO-BY-i-BA--120~ a.d.). hE SPENT
         TEN YEARS -iN t-iBET/ T-iLL ThE YEAR wATER-fEMALE-hEN (CHU-MO-
    (2A) BYA--1213 a.d.). hE LEFT t-iBET -iN ThE YEAR wOOD-mALE-dOG
         (S-iN-PHO-K~Y-i--1214 a.d.)/ AND LABOURED EXTENS-iVELY FOR ThE
         WELFATE OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS -iN kASMâŒRA. hE PASSED -iNTO n-iNâƒNA
         AT ThE AGE OF 99/ -iN ThE YEAR wOOD-fEMALE-hEN (Sh-ing-MO-BYA
         a.d.).
            tHE STORY OF H-iS -iNV-iTAT-iOTL TO t-iBET AND ThAT OF H-iS LABOURS
         FOT ThE WELFARE OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGSH tHE HOLY MAN NAMED kHRO-
         PHU LO-TSA-BA (bYAMS-PA-I DPAL') PROCEEDED TOWARDS nEPâƒL AND
         iND-iA -iN ORDER TO STUDY ThE WORK OF A TRANSLATOR/ AND STOPPED AT
         SkY-i-RON. oNE DAY HE OFLERED ONE AND HALF S-iLVER SRAng TO ONE
         NAMED dO~1-ZAGS-PA CHEN-PO/ A D-iSC-iPLE OF r-iN-PO-CHE RgYAL-
         TShA/ AND REQUESTED H-iM TO EXAM'NE ThE ~MEN~ OF ThE FOLLOW-
         -iNG ThREE (POSS-iB-iL-iT-iES)H "LF i GO TO iND-iA AND nEPâƒL/ WOULD
         ACC-iDENTS BEFALL ME? sHALL i BE ABLE TO BENEF-iT L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS?
         w-iLL ThE GOOD WORK WH-iCH i -iNTEND DO-iNG/ BE SUCCESSFUL!"
                                                                         p.1065
         dON-ZAG~PA SA-iDH "i COULDN'T TELL WHEThER ThE ThREE W-iLL BE
         SUCCESSFUL. i ShALL EXAM-iNE (ThE OMENS) ADDRESS-iNG MYSELF TO
         aMOGHAPASA//. tHEN ThE LO-TSâƒ-BA H-iMSELF HAV-iNG ARRANGED A
         LARGE OFFER-iNG/ EXAM-iNED ThE DREAMS. aT DAWN HE SAW -iN H-iS
         DREAM AN A-TSA-RA (âƒCâƒRYA) W-iTh TEETh S-iM-iLAR TO A CONCH. hE
         -iNQU-iREDH ~wHO WAS -iT?// iN REPLY HE HEARDH ~lOOK AT ThE
         WR-iT-iNG ON ThE BACK?" hE SAW ThE iETTERS dV-i-BHA-SL (dV-i- -
         BHâƒS-iN). aGA-iN ThE A-TSA-RA GA~E H-iM A LEAF OF ThE bODH-i TREE
         ON WH-iCH HE FOUND AN -iMAGE OF A PAnD-iTA W-iTh A B-iRD-L-iKE
         FACE. oN ThE BACK HE READH "mAHâƒMA-iTRâŒ." aGA-iN ThE
         A-TSA-RA HANDED H-iM A M-iRROR -iN WH-iCH HE SAW A PANT-iTA WHO
         WAS S-iM-iLAR TO A GOD AND AN -iNSCR-iPT-iON WH-iCH READH ~mAN-
         JUSRL/ . tHEN (HE SAW) ThE -iMAGE OF A WH-iTE MAN/ MADE FROM
         ThE OUTS-iDE O~ ROUGH WOOLLEN CLOTh/ AND FROM ThE -iNS-iDE OF S-iLK/
         -iNSCR-iBED "mAn-iPADME." tHESE FOUR ~B-iECTS -iNFLUENCED H-iS
         M-iND GREATLY/ AND HE ThOUGHT OF KEEP-iNG ThEM -iN A TEMPLE.
         hE TOOK ThEM ThERE BUT ThE A-TSA-RA EXCLA-iMEDH "g-iVE ThEM
         BACK! i ShALL REVERSE ThE ORDER/" AND ADDEDH "lET ThE L-iON
         MADE OF CONCH RUN TOWARDS ALL D-iRECT-iONS! yOU MAY LEAVE ThE
         LEAF AND M-iRROR/ BUT TAKE ThE -iMAGE OF ThE MAN MADE OF S-iLK.
         aFTER YOU MAY TAKE ThE M-iRROR. aFTER ThAT YOU MAY TAKE ThE
         LEAF ALSO./' oN AWAKEN-iNG/ HE COULD NOT UNDERSTAND ThE
         DREAM/ ThOUGH HE FELT ThAT -iT WAS AUSP-iC-iOUS. aT ThAT T-iME
    (2B) HE D-iD NOT UNDERSTAND ThE MEAN-iNG OF ThE FOUR -iNSCR-iPT-iONS.
         bUT LATER HE FOUND OUT ThAT ThE L-iON MADE OF A CONCH -iND-iCATED
         ThE LO-TSA-BA H-iMSELF/ ThE WH-iTE MAN--ThE lORD m-iTRA/ ThE
         PAnd-iTA SEEN -iN ThE M-iRROR--bUDDHASRâŒ/ ThE PAND-iTA DRAWN
         ON RHE iEAF--ThE kAShRN-iR-iAN PAnD-iTA. (fOLLOW-iNG ThESE
         -iND-iCAT-iONS) ThE LO-TSâƒ-BA AT F-iRST PROCEEDED TO nEPâƒL AND ThE
         BORDER-COUNTRY OF iND-iA. aFTERWARDS HE -iNV-iTED ThE lORD
         m-iTRS TO t-iBET. aFTER ThAT ThE MAHâƒ-PAnD-iTA bUDDHASN WAS
         -iNV-iTED. oN ThE 7Th DAY OF ThE MONTh OF McHU (ThE s-iXTh
         N~ONTh) OF ThE YEAR wOOD-mALE-mOUSE (S-ing-PHO-BY-i-BA--1204
         a.d.) OF ThE cH-iNESE CHRONOLCGY ThE LO-TSâƒ-BA PROCEEDED TO
         -iNV-iTE (ThE MAHâƒ-PAND~TA). hE MET A KA!YâƒnA-M-iTRA NAMED
         RgYA WHO HAD ~EEN A D-iRECT D-iSC-iPLE OF ThE BlA-MA zAN/
                                                                         p.1066
         RES-iD-iNG AT RgYAN-RO gUN-CHUN. tHOUGH ThE LATTER WAS STAY-
         -iNG -iN SECLUS-iON/ ON HEAR-iNG ABOUT ThE LO TSA BA'S COM-iNG/ HE
         SUDDENLY BROKE H-iS RET-iREMENT AND WENT OUT TO RECE-iVE H-iM.
         fROM H-iM ThE LO TSâƒ-BA OBTA-iNED ThE cYCLES OF ThE dOCTR-iNE
         OF ;~AR;.
            7AR; SA-iDH ~tO -iNV-iTE ThE MAHA-PAND-iTA -iT WON'T DO TO ACT
         HUMBLY AND -iRRESOLUTELY! bEHAVE -iN A NO-iSY MANNER! tHE
         sUN MAY R-iSE FROM ThE wEST/ BUT YOU W-iLL SURELY SUCCEED -iN
         YOUR PUTPOSE.// (jOURNEY-iNG) BY STAGES/ HE (kHRO-PHU L~TSA-
         BA) REACHED gRO MO (cHUMB-i). tHE NAT-iVES OF gRO-MO
         ShOWED REVERENCE TO H-iM AND H-iS PROV-iS-iONS -iNCREASED -iN QUAN-
         T-iTY. tHOUGH HE -iNTENDED GO-iNG TO ThE iND-iAN MARKET-PLACE
         OF bE-DWR (~w-iDURA?)F HE LOST ThE ROAD AND WANDERED ABOUT
         -iN ThE FORCSTS/ WH-iCH WERE FULL OF BR-iGANDS/ PO-iSONOUS SNAKES/
         W-iLD BEASTS/ AND SP-iR-iTS (M-i-MA-Y-iN). w-iThOUT BE-iNG HARMED
         BY ThEM/ HE REACHED ThE MARKET PLACE OF bE-DUR/ AND SENT TWO
         iND-iANS/ ThE JUN-iOR PAND-iTA jAYASRL AND wâƒRâƒNASL-PA/ ACCOM-
         PAN-iED BY TWO t-iBETAN~--~SRAS ~-i-MA AND kHAMS-PA bYAR;-
         GRAGS/ AS MESSENGERS TO CONVEY ThE -iNV-iTAT-iON TO ThE MAHA-
         PAND-iTA AT jAGATTARA (jAGATTALA) OF ThE eAST. w;Th ThEM HE
    (3A) SENT ThE FOLLOW-iNG LETTER WR-iTTEN -iN sANSKR-iTH
            "sALUTAT-iON TO ThE bUDDHA aMOGHAS-iDDHA! tO ThE ONE
         WHO HAS BEEN BORN AS SON OF sHâƒKYA/ -iN ThE dOCTR-iNE OF ~âƒKYA/
         BEAR-iNG ThE NAME OF sâƒKYA/ Th~ CROWN OF ThE HEADS OF ThOSE
         WHO HA~E MASTERED ThE F-iVE (SC-iENCES) AND F-iRMLV OBSERVE ThE
         -iMMACULATE VOWS OF MORAL-iTY/ ETC." aS PRCSENTS TO ACCOM-
         PANY ThE LETTER HE SENT A pRAJNAPARAN~.-iTâƒHTDAYA WR-iTTEN -iN
         GOLD/ F-iVE GOLDEN SRANS/ A PA-iR O~ S-iLK GARMENTS AND A CANOPY
         (BLA-RE) MADE OF GOCD QUAL-iTY S-iLK OF /~U. wHEN ThE MESSEN-
         GERS REACH~D A PLACE CALLED lA-D~UG/ AFTER A JOURNEY OF 34 DAYS/
         ThE MAHA-PAND-iTA AND H-iS RET-iNUE/ HAV-iNG BEEN FOREWARNED OF
         ThE t-iBETAN ~N~-iTAT-iON/ CAME ThERE -iN ADVANCE. hAV-iNG FA-iLED
         TO F-iND ThE MESSENGERS/ ThEY WERE PREPAR-iNG TO RETURN/ AND
         WERE PACK-iNG ThE-iR LUGGAGE/ WHEN ThE t-iBETAN MESSENGERS
         ARR-iVED AND PRESENTED TO ThE MAHâƒ-PAND-iTA ThE iETTER AND ThE
         PRESENTS. i'HE MAHâƒ-PAN. /D-iTA SA-iDH ~wHEN HAV-iNG HAD A PRE-
                                                                         p.1067
         MON-iT-iON AFTER ThAT AN -iNV-iTAT-iON WAS DUE TO ARR-iVE FROM t-iBET/
         i CAME HERE WELL -iN ADVANCE OF T-iME/ WE FOUND ThAT ThE MESSEN-
         GERS HAD NOT ARR-iVED AND WERE PREPAR-iNG TO RETURN. d-iDN/T i
         TELL YOU TO STAY ON FOR A WH-iLC/ FOR ~HE -iNV-iTAT-iON WAS SURELY TO
         COME ? nOW YOU MUST ADV-iSE US WHAT TO DO//' SA-iD ThE MAHA-
         PAN. D-iTA ADDRESS-iNG H-iMSELF TO ThE jUN-iOR PAN. D-iTAS. tHE
         jUN-iOR PAND-iTAS TEPL-iEDH ~tHE dHARMASVAM-iN ShOULD H-iMSELF
         DEC-iDE ThE MATTER! hOW ARE WE TO UNDERSTAND -iT W-iTh OUR
         M-iNDS?" tHE MAHA-PAND-iTA ThEN SA-iDH ~i HAVE ONE TO
         WHOM i CAN PUT A QUEST-iON". hE ThEN STAYED -iN SECLUS-iON
         FOR F-iVE DAYS/ AND ASKED ThE wENERABLE oNE (tâƒRâƒ). tHEN
         NUMEROUS GREAT SThAV-iRAS OF eASTERN iND-iA CAME TO BEG ThE
         MAHA-PAND-iTA NOT TO PROCEED TO t-iBET. tHEY BROUGHT
         W-iTh ThEM ThE -iMAGES O~ Th~ gREAT mERC-iFUL oNE (mAHAKATU-
         N-iKA/ aVALOK-iTCSVARA) AND ThE tâƒR⃠CONSECRATED BY ThE âƒCâƒRYA
         nAGâƒRJUNA AS SOL-iC-iTORS (ngO-CHEN). (tHE t-iBETANS) BR-iBED ThE
         kAShM-iR-iAN WHO WAS -iN CHARGE OF ThE -iMA~;ES/ AND HE PULLED
         OUT ThE BOX OF ThE CHAR-iOT'S WHEEL AND MADE ThE -iMAGES FACE
         BACKWARDS (-iN ORDER TO CREATE ThE SEMBLANCE Oe A BAD OMEN)/
         AND ThUS HELPED ThE t-iBETANS. tHE LO-TSâƒ-BA (kHRO-PHU)
         HAV-iNG COME FROM bE-DAR MET ThE dHARMASVâƒM-iN AT wANES-
         VARA. tHE dHARMASVâƒM-iN SA-iDH ~i ThOUGHT ThE LO-TSâƒ-BA
         KNEW MANY DOCTR-iNES/ AND WAS AN ELDERLY MAN END~WED W-iTh
         ThE AB-iL-iTY OF ERECT-iNG LARGE -iMAGES/ BUT HE -iS YOUNG. mOST
         PROBABLY HE W-iLL BE UNABLE TO ACT AS A TRANSLATOR. aFTER i
         HAD BESTOWED ON H-iM ThE C-iTTOT PADA R-iTE AND SEVERAL SâƒDHANAS/
         ARE WE/ tEACHER AND D-iSC-iPLES/ TO RETURN?" tHE PAND-iTA
         jAYASR; TOLD (ThE LO-TSA-BA)H "tHE tEACHER AND (H-iS) D-iSC-iPLES
         DESP-iSE YOU/ BECAUSE OF YOUR AGE. yOU ShOULD TAKE MEASURES/
    (3B) AND PUT QUEST-iONS ON ThE dOCTR-iNE." aT ThE REQUEST OF
         jAYASR;/ ThE MAHA-PAND-iTA PERM-iTTED ThE LO-TSâƒ-BA TO ASK
         QUEST-iONS ON ThE dOCTR-iNE. tHEN ThE LO-TSâƒ-BA PUT TWO
         QUEST-iONS TO EACH OF Th N-iNE jUN-iOR PAND-iTAS (OF ThE MAHâƒ-
         PAND-iTA'S TET-iNUE)/ AND ThEY D-iSCUSSED ThEM ThROUGHOUT ThE
         EVEN-iNG T-iLL M-iDN-iGHT. tHE dHARMASVAM-iN WAS PLEASED/
         ThOUGH -iT -iNTERRUPTED H-iS USUAL MED-iTAT-iON/ AND SA-iDH "iT
                                                                         p.1068
         
         -iS WONDERFUL ThAT -iN t-iBET ThERE ShOULD EX-iST SUCH SPEAKERS
         OR/ REL-iG-iOUS SUBJECTS!" tHEN A BORDER K-iNG CLOSED ThE
         ROAD/ AND AS ThE jUN-iOR PAnd-iTAS ALSO REQU-iRED -i-iTTERS (D~
         L-i<DOLL)/ Th-iS CAUSED GREAT HARDSh-iPS. oN ARR-iVAL AT
         pHAG.R-i/ COUNTLESS t-iBETAN MONKS AND LAYMEN GAThERED ThETE
         FROM ThE FOUR QUARTERS/ AND ATTENDED ON ThE MAHâƒ-PAND-iTA
         -iN EVERY POSS-iBLE WAY/ BEGGED FOR REL-iG-iOUS -iNSTRUCT-iONS/ AND
         ThE MAHâƒ-PAND-iTA PREACHED TO ThEM NUMEROUS K-iNDS OF PRECE-
         PTS. fROM RgYAng-RO AS FAR AS MgUR-NLO H-iS REL-iG-iOUS PREACH-
         -iNG SPREAD AND H-iS WEALTh -iNCREASED -iMMEASURABLY. fROM
         tShON-/DUS AS FAR AS cHU-M-iG NUMEROUS MONKS GAThERED ROUND
         ThE MAHâƒ-PAnd-iTA/ SO ThAT LAYMEN HAD D-iFF-iCULT-iES -iN SEE-iNG H-iS
         FACE. tHE -iNMATES OF kHRO PHU ARR-iVED -iN GREAT STATE AT
         cHU-M-iG TO RECE-iVE ThEM. aFTER ThEY HAD REACHED kHRO-PHU/
         MANY ThOUSANDS gF iEARNED MONKS GAThERED ThERE. tHE
         MAHA-PANd-iTA SPENT H-iS SUMMER RETREAT ThERE. tHERE WERE
         MORE ThAN 800 VOTERS (TShUL-S-ing iEN-PA). LN CONNECT-iON W-iTh -iT/
         ThE MAHâƒ-PAND-iTA PREACHED ThE asTASAHASR-iKâƒ-pRAJNâƒPâƒRAM-iTA/
         AS WELL AS ThE pRAT-iLNOKsA AND ThE sUTRâƒLAMKâƒRA (mAHAYANA-
         SUTRâƒLAMKâƒRA-NAMA-KâƒT-iKâƒ/ tG. sEMS-TSAM/ nO. 4040). aFTER
         ThAT ThE MAHâƒ-PAnD-iTA PROCEEDED TO KlAS-MO-CHE OF SnAR-
         (ThAng~. tHERE HE PREACHED ThE cOMMENTARY ON ThE pANCAV-iRN-
         SAT-iSâƒHASR-iK⃠~pRAJNâƒPâƒR./M-iTA). wHEN HE REACHED ThE CHAPTER
         OF ThE tAThAT⃠PAR-iCCHEDA/ H-iS BOOK OF ThE aST.ASAHASR-iKA-
         pRAJNâƒPâƒRAM-iT⃠WAS TAKEN AWAY B)/ ThE tâƒR⃠WHO MADE MANY
         OFFER-iNGS TO -iT AND PROCEEDED TOWARDS ThE eAST. tHE MAHâƒ-
         PAnd-iTA SA-iDH "tH-iS -iND-iCATES ThAT i AM TO GO TOWARDS DBuS."
         (iT WAS SA-iD ThAT WHEN ThE MAHâƒ-PANd-iTA WAS REC-iT-iNG ThE
         TCX~/ A CROW/ A MAN-iFESTAT-iON OF tâƒRâƒ/ SNATCHED AWAY SOME
         OF ThE PAGES OF ThE PALM-LEAF MANUSCR-iPT/ AND TOOK ThEM
         AWAY TOWARDS ThE eAST. tHESE iEAVES/ BEL-iEVED TO HAVE BEEN
         BROUGHT BY ThE CROW/ WERE D-iSCOVERED AT Sp~KHAN/ AND ARE
         NOW PRESERVED -iN ThE MONASTERY OF SpO-KHAng). wHEN HE HAD
         COME TO ThE LAST CHAPTER OF ThE pRAJNâƒPâƒRAM-iTâƒ/ iNE SAW A GOD-
         DESS/ WORSh-iPP-iNG TK-iS BOOK WH-iCH WAS PLACED -iNS-iDE ThE
         MAndALA OF ThE O~ER-iNGS/ AND ThEN ThE GODDESS PROCEEDED
                                                                         p.1069
         TOWARDS ThE wEST. tHE MAHâƒ-PAnd-iTA SA-iDH ~'tH-iS -iND-iCATED
         ThAT -iN MY OLD AGE i WAS TO GO TO kâƒSMLRA. aFTER ThAT ThE
         MAHâƒ-PAND-iTA SPENT H-iS SUMMER RETREAT AT KlAS-MO-CHE OF
         SnAR/ AND SPENT SOME T-iME ThERE. aFCER PERFORM-iNG ThE
    (4A) CEREMONY (DGAG-DBYE--PRAVâƒRAnâƒ) OF ThE END OF ThE RA-iNY
         SEASON (PERFORMED AT ThE END OF ThE ANNUAL SUMMER RETREAT)/
         MANY SThAV-iRAS -iNV-iTED H-iM TO cHU-M-iG R-iN-MO. tHERE HE
         PREACHED ThE mâƒDNYAMAKA-RATNA-MALA (DBu-MA R-iN-CHEN
         PHREng-BA/ tG. DBu-MA/ nO. 3901) AND ThE DpE/-i-RGYAN
         (dRS~ANTAMALYA/ tG. SpR-iN-Y-iG/ nO. 4196). aFTER ThAT HE
         WAJ -iNV-iTED BY ThE -iMMATES O~ sR-iN-PO-R-i (iLEAR gYA-i1GTSE)/
         ANT ThEN PROCEEDED TO /tShUR-PHU AND lHA-SA V-iA uPPER
         G;~U-Sâ¤E. tHE MAHâƒ-PLNd-iTA MADE LARGC OF~ER-iNGS TO ThE TWO
         -iMAGCS OF ThC lORDS (OF lHA-SA~. tHEN ThE MAHâƒ-PAnD-iTA
         RCACHED sR-iN-PO R-i ESCORTED BY NUMEROUS HORSEMCN OF 'tShUR-
         PHU. tHE MAHâƒ-PAnD-iTA SA-iD TO ThE ESCORTH ~aT ThE T-iME
         OF MY V-iS-iT ~O YOUR MONASTERY/ i D-iSCOVERED ThERE WERE ThREE
         -iMAGES OF D-iV-iN-iT-iES WH-iCH WERE MENT-iONED -iN ThE tANTRA OF
         sAngS-RGYAS ThOD-PA (sAngS-RGYAS-ThOD-PA/-i RGYUD/ sHN-bUDDHA-
         KAPALA-NâƒMAYOG-iNLTANTRARâƒJA/ kG. RgYUD-'BUM/ nO. 424).
         yOUR FORMER tEACHERS KNEW ThEM/ BUT HAD NO FA-iTh. iF
         i WERE TO -iNTRODUCE YOU TO ThESE GODS/ AND PREACH TO YOU
         ThE-iR PRECEPTS/ NUMEROUS YOG-iNS WOULD LATER APPEAR (AMONG
         YOU).'/ tHESE ThREE GODS WEREH sAMVARA AND (H-iS) sHAKT-i
         -iN ThE YUGANADDHA POSTURE/ sâƒKYAMUN-i -iN ThE ASPECT
         OF n-iRMANA-KâƒYA W-iTh H-iS sHAKT-i wAJRA-DâƒK-iNL/ AND wAJRA
         W-iTh ThE BELL (GHANTA) AS H-iS SAKT-i (RdO RjE DR-iL-BU MNAM-
         SBYOR). hE SPENT ThE SUMMER RETTEAT AT sR-iN-PO-R-i/ AND
         TRANSLATED ThC COMMENTARY ON ThE aBH-i DHARMA SAMUCCAYA BY
         ThE âƒCâƒRYA jNâƒNAM-iTRA (yE-SES GSES-Gâ¤EN; aBH-i DHARMA
         SAMUCCAYA VYâƒKHYA-NâƒMA/ tG. sEMS-TSAM/ nO. 4054). aS GENERAL
         DOCTR-iNE/ HE PREACHED ThE ~RYA-aSOKADATTAVYâƒKARANA-NAMA
         (mYA-NAN-MED LUN-BSTAN-PA-I MDO/ kG. DkON-BRTSEGS/ nO.
         76)/ ThE DpE-BRGYA-PA (gAN-PO-LA SOG~PA-I RTOGS-PA-BR~OD PA
         BRGYA-PA/ pURNAPRAMUKHAVADâƒNAShATAKA/ kG. MdO-SDE/ nO.
         343)/ ThC lA~KY-i 'KHORLO BSTAN-PA ~k~RMAS.LTAKA/ kG. MdO-
                                                                         p.1070
         SDE/ nO. 340)/ AS WELL AS LHHE aNALYS-iS OF ThE f-iVE tREAT-iSES OF
         mA-iTREYA AND ThE s-iX tREAT-iSES OF ThE mâƒDHYAMAKA (DBu MA
         R-iGS-TShOGS). tHE EXPOS-iT-iON OF ThE f-iVE tREAT-iSES OF mA-iTREYA
         WAS BESTOWED BY H-iM AT ThE REQUEST OF ThE aBBOT OF sR-iN-PO-
         R-i. Gâ¥AL-ZAngS-PO-CHE-PA AND OThERS PRACT-iSED ThE RgYAL-SRAS
         lAM-R-iM. tHE MAHâƒ-PAND-iTA WAS ThEN -iNV-iTED TO BsAM-YAS
         BY lHA ;~-i-BA-'OD. hE JOURNEYED TO BsAM-YAS AND '~HHH-iMS-
         PHU. tHERE HE MET DBoN-STON r-iN-CHEN-SGAN-PA. wHEN
         ThE MAHâƒ-PAND-iTA CAME TO sR-iN-PO-R-i/ HE RECE-iVED AN -iNV-iTAT-iON
         FROM ThE -iNMATES OF 'tShUR-PHU/ RgYA-MA AND 'bR-i-KHUN.
         tW-iCE HE FA-iLED TO MEET 'bR-i-KHUN-PA. oN TWO OCCAS-iONS
         HE V-iS-iTED RgYA-MA r-iN-CHEN-SGAng AND rWA-SGREng. aFTER ThAT
         HE JOURNEYED TO Gâ¥AL/ lO-RO AND lHO-BRAG/ AS WELL AS TO
         'u-GU-DO AND tHAN-PO-CHE. hE ESPEC-iALLY SPENT A CONS-i-
         DERABLE T-iME AT tHAN-PO-CHE/ AND PREACHED ThERE NUMEROUS
    (4B) SERMONS. uP TO ThAT T-iME/ -iN ORDER TO TEST ThE FA-iTh OF ThE
         LO TSA-BA (kHRO-PHU)/ HE ACTED AS AN AVAR-iC-iOUS MAN/ BUT LATER
         HE GAVE AWAY MOST OF H-iS WEALTh TOWARDS ThE ERECT-iON OF ThE
         -iMAGE OF mA-iTREYA AT kHRO-PHU. iN ThE YEAR wATET-mALE-
         aPE (CHU-PHO-SPRE'U--1212 a.d.)/ WHEN ThE T-iME HAD COME
         TO CONSECRATE ThE -iMAGE/ ThEY FOUND ThEMSELVES ShORT OF FUNDS/
         AND BECAUSE OF Th-iS/ ThE MAHâƒ-PAND-iTA PROCEEDED AGA-iN TOWARDS
         DBuS AND GyO/ Gâ¥AL AND lO/ AND lHO-BRAG (TO GAThER FUNDS).
         h-iS ERTT-iRE -iNCOME WAS PRESENTED TO ThE GREAT -iMAGE Oe
         mA-iTREYA. fROM ThE 3RD DAY T-iLL ThE 13Th DAY OF ThE dRE
         MONTh (dRE-I ZLA-BA) OF ThE YEAR wATER-mALE-aPE (CHU-PHO-
         SPRE'U--1212 a.d.) ThE dHARMASVâƒM-iN PERFORMED ThE CONSE-
         CRAT-iON RLTE OF ThE GREAT -iMAGE OF mA-iTREYA/ AND NUMEROUS
         WONDERFUL S-iGNS ACCOMPAN-iED (ThE R-iTE). aFTER ThAT NUMEROUS
         PR-iESTS BEGGED H-iM TO STAY ON -iN t-iBET/ BUT HE D-iD NOT AGREE
         TO ThAT/ SAY-iNG ThAT HE HAD -iMPORTANT WORK TO DO -iN kâƒSMLRA.
         aFTER ThAT HE JOURNEYED ThROUGH sOUThERN lA-STOD AND BENE-
         F-iTTED MANY D-iSC-iPLES. tHE PRESENRS RECE-iVED BY H-iM/ WERE
         D-iSTR-iBUTED AMONG ThE MONKS OF EACH MONASTERY. oN H-iS
         ARR-iVAL AT gUng-ThAng/ HE PRESENTED 130 GOLDEN SRAngS (TO kHRO-
         PHU LO-TSâƒ-BA)/ AND SA-iDH "g-iVE ThEM AS REMUNERAT-iON TO ThE
                                                                         p.1071
         -iMAGE-MAKERS." aFTER ThAT ThE LO-TSâƒ-BA ESCORTED H-iM TO
         GlO-BO. oNE MORN-iNG HE (ThE MAH⃠PAND-iTA) D-iST~-iSSED H-iS
         ENT-iRE RET-iNUE/ AND D-iD NOT ADM-iT ANY ONE -iNTO H-iS PRESENCE/
         BUT SA-iDH "lO-TSA-BA COME/" tHE LO-TSâƒ-BA HAV-iNG HURR-iED
         -iNTO H-iS PRESENCE/ ThE MAHâƒ-PAnd-iTA SA-iD TO H-iMH "oPEN YOUR
         HAND!" AND ThEN GAVE H-iM A B-iG PACKAGE OF GOLD/ ThE LO-TSâƒ-
         BA'S HAND ALMOST REACH-iNG ThE GROUND UNDER -iTS WE-iGHT. tHE
         LO-TSA-BA SA-iD "yOU HAVE ALREADY G-iVEN ME MANY PRESENTS
         FOR ThE -iMAGE. yOU HAD BETTER TAKC Th-iS MUCH W-iTh YOU TO
         kâƒSMLRA." aN ATTENDANT ThEN TOLD H-iMH "iT -iS BETTER FOR
         YOU TO ACCEPT ThE S-iDDH-i WHEN G-iVEN. yOU MAY FEEL REGRET -iF
         Th-iS GOLD GETS -iNTO ThE HANDS OF kAShM-iR-iAN ROGUES." sO HE
         ACCEPTED -iT/ AND ESCORTED ThE MAHâƒ-PAnd-iTA TO ThE FOOT OF
         ThE MOUNTA-iN PASS. oN H-iS WAY TO kâƒSMâŒRA/ ThE MAH⃠PAnd-iTA
         WAS TW-iCE ATTACKED BY ROBBERS/ BUT AS HE HAD NO GOLD W-iTh
         H-iM/ NOTh-iNG HARMED H-iM. tHEN HE REACHED kASMLRA.
    (5A) tHOUGH ThE dOCTR-iNE HAD SPREAD -iN kâƒSMLRA/ ThE PR-iESTS WETE
         FEW -iN NUMBERS. tHE dHARMASVâƒM-iN -iNCREASED ThE NUMBER
         OF PR-iESTS/ AND ESTABL-iShED ThE R-iGHT PATh OF ThE METhOD OF ThE
         tANTRAS AND sUTRAS. tHE K-iNG WHO HAD BECOME A HERET-iC/ WAS
         AGA-iN ESTABL-iShED -iN ThE dOCTR-iNE. tHE MAHâƒ-PAnd-iTA REPA-iRED
         RU-iNED V-iHâƒRAS AND -iMAGES. aM-iDST SUCH LABOURS HE SPENT 12
         YEARS -iN kâƒSMLRA/ AND PASSED AWAY -iN ThE YEAR wOOD-fEMALE-
         hEN (S-iR;.MO-BYA--1225 a.d.) AM-iDST WONDERFUL S-iGNS. tH-iS
         GREAT PAnD-iTA PREACHED NUMEROUS DOCTR-iNES WH-iCH BELONGED TO
         ThE aGAMAS AND ~C-iENCES/ sUTRAS AND tANTRAS. gREAT WAS ThE
         NUMBER OF ThOSE WHOM HE ESTABL-iShED -iN ThE VOWS OF ThE pRAT-i-
         MOKSA/ BUT ThE TWO MEN/ V/HO HAD TAKEN ThE F-iNAL MONAST-iC
         ORD-iNAT-iON -iN ThE PRESENCE OF ThE MAHâƒ-PAnd-iTA AND HAD TAKEN
         ThE VOW OF A "S-iNGLE MAT" (STAN-GC-iG-G-i BRTUL-ZUGS-'DZ-iN-PA)/
         WERE RdO-RjE-DPAL AND bYAN-CHUB-DPAL.
            nAMO mA-iTRLNAThâƒYA! mUNâŒNDRA/ sHâƒR-iPUTRA/ râƒHULA/ ThE
         KSATR-iYA/ râƒHULA/ ThE BRâƒHMANA/ nâƒGâƒRJUNA/ gUNAMAT-i/ rATNA-
         M-iTRA/ ~RL dHARMAPâƒLA/ gUNASâƒGARA/ dHARMAPâƒLAJ aKARAGUPTA/
         ThE MAHâƒ-PAND-iTA ~âƒKYASRL/ wAJRAShRâŒBHADRA (RdO-RJE-DPAL-BZAR;-
         PO)/ bYAng-CHUB-DPAL-BZAng-PO (bODH-iSRâŒBHADRA. tHE LAST TWO
                                                                         p.1072
         SEEM TO BE ThE TWO D-iSC-iPLES OF ThE MAHâƒ-PAnD-iTAH RdO-RJE-DPAL
         AND bYAN-CHUB-DPAL. tHE REST OF ThE tEACHERS OF ThE l-iNEAGE
         MUST BE t-iBETANS)/ 'oD-ZER-DPAL (rAShM-iShRâŒ)/ cHOS-KY-i RGYAL-
         MTShAN (dHARMADHVAJA)/ sAngS-RGYAS R-iN-CHEN (bUDDHARATNA)/
         BsOD-NAMS-DPAL (pUNYAShRR)/ sHES-RAB MGON-PO (pRAJNâƒNâƒThA)/
         sEng-GE RGYAL-MTShAN (s-iMHADHVAJA)/ BsOD-NAMS DBAng-PHYUG
         (pUNYESVARA)/ BkRA-S-iS TShUL-KHR-iMS (mAngGâƒTAShâŒLA)/ tShUL-KHR-iMS
         R-iN-CHEN (~âŒLARATNA)/ sAngS-RGYAS BLO-GROS (bUDDHAMAT-i)/ bYAng-
         CHUB RGYAL-DBAng (bODH-iJAYENDRA)/ BkRA-Sh-iS SEng-GE (mAngGALAS-iM-
         HA)/ yON-TAN R-iN-CHEN (gUnARATNA)/ bYAng-CHUB BZAng-PO (bODH-i-
         BHADRA)/ BlO-GROS RGYAL-MTShAN (mAT-iDHVAJA)/ dON-GRUB DPAL-
         /BYOR (s-iDDHARThAShRâŒBHUT-i)/ b Ang-CHUB GRAGS-PA (bODH-iKâŒRT-i)/
         AND BkRA-S-iS BYAng-CHUB (mANGALABODH-i). (tHE ABOVE L-iST
         SEEMS TO REPRESENT ThE l-iNEAGE OF oRD-iNAT-iON TRANSM-iTTED BY
         sHâƒKYASRâŒBHADRA. aFTER wAJRAShRâŒBHADRA -iT CORRESPONDS TO ThE
         MLCHAN-RGYUD OF SnAR-ThAN.)
            fROM ThE DEPARTURE OF ThE MAHâƒ-PAnd-iTA FROM t-iBET -iN ThE
         YEAR wATER-fEMALE-hEN (CHU-MO-BYA--R~R3 a.d.) TO ThE PRE-
         SENT f-iRE-mALE-aPE YEAR (ME-PHO-SPRE'U--1476 a.d.) 264
         YEARS HAVE PASSED.
             tHE ABBOTS OF tShOGS PA bYA-RDZOngH
         DkON-MCHOG RGYAL-MTShAN/ tHUGS-RjE-DPAL-PA/ dAR-MA
         DPAL-PA/ kUN-DGA' DPAL-PA/ G~ON-NU BZAng-PO-PA/ tShUL-KHR-iMS
    (5B) DPAL-PA/ ThE MAH;~-UPâƒDHYâƒYA kUN-DGA'-DPAL-PA/ sAngS-RGYAS
         GZON-NU-PA/ dAR-MA BZAng-PO-PA/ tShUL-MGON-PA/ BsOD-NAMS
         'OD-ZET/ r-iN-TShUL-PA/ BsOD-NAMS ShES-RAB/ sHER-MGON-PA/ gRAGS-
         BSOD-PA/ ~ER-/ PHAGS-PA/ sHES-TShUL-PA/ r-iN-ShE-PA (r-iN-CHEN ShES-
         RAB)/ ~HHHOS-DPAL-PA/ sHES-'OD-PA/ kUN-SE-PA/ gRAGS-RGYAL-BA/ DpAL-
         TShUL-PA (DpAL-'BYOR TShUL KHR-iMS)/ r-iN-GRUB-PA (r-iN-CHEN
         -GRUB)/ DbAN-SE-PA (DbAng-PHYUG SES-RAB)/ AND zLA-R-iN-PA (zLA-
         BA R-iN-CHEN).
            tHE ABBOTS OF DgE-'DUN-SGANaH
         lHA BRAG bYAN-CHUB-DPAL/ GtSAng-PA DbAng-PHYUG-GRAGS/
         G~ON-NU BYAN-CHUB/ 'dUL-TShAD-PA bYAng-CHUB-BZAng-PO/'~AM
         DBYANS dON-GRUB-DPAL/ yON-TAN RGYAL-MTShAN/ DpAL-GRUB-PA/
         S~AG-PH~BA/ yON-TAN BLO-GROS/ BRtSON-RGYAL BA/ sEng-GE DPAL
                                                                         p.1073
         PA/ cHOS-GTUB-PA/ BlO-GTOS RGYAL-MTShAN/ yON-TAN iHUN-GRUB/
         nAM-MKHA'-DPAL-BZAN/ AND DpAL-YON-PA. aLSO nAM-MKHA
         DPAL-BZAN/ nAM-MKHA'-LHUN-BZANS/ AND rA~'BYOR SEN-GE.
         tHE ABBOTS OF ~HO~LUN (SpO~KHAN NEAR gYANGTSE)H
         DBu-MDZAD BsOD-NAMS-STOBS/ AFTER H-iM ThE MAHA-UP~DHYAYA
         BdE-BA-DPAL/ gRAG~PAGZON-NU/ bYAN-SEMS BSOD-GRAGS/ BsOD-
         NAMS BZAN-PO/ G~ON-NU MGON-PO/ gRAG~PA RGYAL-MTShAN/
         gRAGS-PA BSES-GNEN/ nAM-MKHA/ RGYAL-MTShAN/ r-iN~HEN RGYAL
         MTShAN/ BSES GNEN RGYAL-MCHOG/ RgYAL-DBAN GRAG~PA/ zLA-BA
         BLO GROS/ RgYAL BA pHYAG-NA/ BSES GNEN BZAN-PO/ MgON-PO
         BKRA-S-iS/ AND ~;L-i-MA RGYALHMTShAN.
            tHE cHAPTER ON ThE l-iNEAGES OF aBBOTS OF ThE FOUR MON-
         ASTER-iES WH-iCH BELONGED TO ThE l-iNEAGE OF ThE kAShM-iT-iAN
         MAH~PAND-iTA/ AND ABOUT ThE MAHA-PAND-iTA H-iMSELF.
            mORE ThAN SEVEN HUNDRED AND-TWENTY YEARS AFTER ThE B-iRTh
    (6A) OF ThE REL-iG-iOUS K-iNG sRON-BTSAN SGAM-PO/ ThE aLL-KNOW-iNG
         BlO BZAN GRAGS-PA/-i DPAL APPEARED -iN Th-iS wORLD/ HAV-iNG BEEN
         BORN -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-fEMALE-hEN (ME-MO-BYA--1357 a.d.)/
         -iN ThE REG-iON OF tSON-KHA (NOWADAYS ThE D-iSTR-iCT -iS CALLED
         tSON-ThAR. a FAMOUS MOUNTA-iN NEAR SkU-'BUM -iS ST-iLL CALLED
         tSON-KHA-I SKYE~R-i). iN H-iS YOUTh HE WAS -iNTRODUCED -iNTO ThE
         GATES OF ThE pRAT-iMOKSA AND tANTRA BY ThE GREAT KALYANA-
         M-iTRA dONGRUB R-iN CHEN (HE WAS A NAT-iVE OF aMDO AND STUD-i-
         ED -iN cENTRAL t-iBET. hE FOUNDED ThE FAMOUS MONASTERY OF
         bYA-KHYUN DGON-PA -iN aMDO (NEAR pA-YEN)/ WH-iCH -iS
         CONS-iDERED TO HAVE BEEN ThE F-iRST OF ALL ThE DgE-LUGS-PA MONAS-
         TER-iES)/ WHO SA-iDH "iN ThE PROV-iNCES OF DBuS AND GtSAN
         STUDY ThLS AND ThAT" (ThE b-iOGRAPHY/ RnAM-ThAR/ FOL. GA/ OF
         RJE tSON-KHA-PA CONTA-iNS ThE FOLLOW-iNG PASSAGEH "h-iS tEACHER
         WROTE DOWN H-iS -iNSTRUCT-iONS -iN SLOKAS/ BUT WHEN tSON-KHA-PA
         REACHED t-iBET/ HE LOST ThE P-iECE OF PAPER (ON WH-iCH ThE VERSES
         WERE WR-iTTEN( AND ThOUGH HE SEARCHED FOR -iT/ HE D-iD NOT F-iND
         -iT AGA-iN. lATER HE FORGOT MOST OF ThE VERSES/ BUT ThOSE WH-iCH
         HE REMEMBERED/ WERE AS FOLLOWSH
            "o YOUThFUL BlO BZAN GRAGS-PA! yOU ARE UNDER ThE -iNFLUENCE
         OF YOUR V-iRTUOUS WORKS PERFORMED -iN YOUR FORMER L-iVES.
                                                                         p.1074
         wER-iLY YOU WERE ENDOWED W-iTh ThE FACULTY OF -iMB-iB-iNG ThE
         NECTAR OF ThE gOOD lAW -iN YOUR FORMER L-iVES!"
            yOU W-iLL F-iRST STUDY EARNESTLY ThE aBH-i SAMAYâƒLAmKâƒRA WH-iCH
         -iS ThE ORNAMENT OF ThREE "mOThERS" (ThE lARGE/ ThE
         m-iDDLE AND ThE aBR-iDGED VERS-iONS OF ThE pRAJN⃠PâƒRAM-iTâƒ).
         iF YOU BECOME LEARNED -iN -iT/ YOU W-iLL BE ABLE TO MASTER ALL
         ThE sCR-iPTURES.
            kEEP Th-iS ADV-iCE -iN A CORNER OF YOUR M-iND!
            tHEN/ AS A BRANCH SUBJECT/ YOU ShOULD STUDY ThE mAHâƒYâƒNA
         sUTRâƒLAMKARA WH-iCH EXPOUNDS ThE pATh AND pRACT-iCE OF ThE
         bODH-iSATTVAS/ ThE SASTRA dHARMADHARMATâƒV-iBHAngGA (tG. sEMS-
         TSAM/ nO. 40~3) WH-iCH DESCR-iBES ThE sAMSâƒRA AS ThE FOUNDA-
         T-iON OF n-iRVANA/ AND ThE TREAT-iSE ENT-iTLED mADHYâƒNTAV-iBHAngGA
         (tG. sEM~TSAM/ nO. 4521) WH-iCH PREACHES ThE m-iDDLE
         pATh/ WH-iCH -iS W-iThOUT BEG-iNN-iNG OR END/ AND ThE mAHâƒYâƒNA
         -uT~ARA-tAN~A (tG. sEM~TSAM/ nO. 4024~ WH-iCH EXPOUNDS
         ThE EX-iSTENCE OF ThE pURE nATURE OF ThE m-iND PRESENT -iN ALL
         L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS/ AND DESCR-iBES -iT AS ThE tAThâƒGATA-GARBHA.
         yOU MUST USE ThESE f-iVE tREAT-iSES OF mA-iTREYA AS YOUR
         "aRMOUR OF kNOWLEDGE." aFTER ThAT YOU ShAULD STUDYH
         tHE tHREE BODY-L-iKE SâƒSTRAS (iUS-DAng-'DRA-BA-I BSTAN-BCOS
         GSALM)H EHE LARGE SâƒSTRA pRAMANAVâƒRT-iKA/ ThE pRAMâƒnAV-iN-iSCAYA/
         ThE M-iDDLE-S-iZED/ ThE nYâƒYA B-iNDU/ ThE aBR-iDGED. aND ThE
         (FOUR) SO-CALLED "lAMP-L-iKE" TREAT-iSE ('PHROS-PA YAN-LAG LTA-BU)
         COMPR-iS-iNG ThE hETU B-iNDU (tG. tShAD-MA/ nO. 4213)/ ThE
         sAMBANDHA PANKSA PRAKARANA (tG. tShAD-MA/ nO. 4214)/ ThE
         sANTâƒNâƒNTARA S-iDDH-i-NâƒMA-PRAKARANA (tG. tShAD-MA/ nO.4~1G)/
         AND ThE wâƒDANYAYA-NâƒMA-PRAKARANA (tG. tShAD-MA/ nO. 4218).
         tHESE "sEVEN tREAT-iSES ON lOG-iC" COMPOSED BY dHARMAKâŒRT-i ARE
         ThE l-iGHT OF ThE bUDDHA'S dOCTR-iNE -iN jAMBU DVâŒPA/ AND ARE
         FAMED AS sUN AND mOON."
            sEVERAL VERSES WERE FORGOTTEN BY tSOng-KHA-PA. fURThER
         HE REMEMBERED TKE FOLLOW-iNGH
             "yOU W-iSE ONE/ ShOULD FEEL DEVOT-iON TOWARDS ThE ThEORY
                OF ThE ABSENCE OF eXTREMES.
              yOU ShOULD STUDY ThE s-iX tREAT-iSES OF ThE mADHYAMAKA
                                                                         p.1075
                COMPOSED BY âƒRYA nâƒGâƒRJUNA AND ThE TREAT-iSES-BASED
                ON ThEM.")
            aT F-iRST tSOR;-KHA-PA ATTENDED ON MANY iCALY~-MLTRAS AT
         SkY-i-SOD. lATET HE ATTENDED ON ThE wCNERABLE G~ON-NU BLO-
         GROS. hE STUD-iED MOST OF ThE p-iPKAS. hE WAS OF ThE OP-iN-iON
         ThAT EXCEPT FOR ThE PTACT-iCE OF W-iSDOM (PRAJNA)/ ThETE WAS NO
         OThER PATh OF EMANC-iPAT-iON. s-iNCE Th-iS DOCTR-iNE WAS BASED ON
         ThE SASTRAS OF ThE mâƒDHYAMAKA SCHOOL/ HE STUD-iED -iT D-iL-iGENTLY.
         iN ThE F-iELD OF tANTRAS/ HE FOUND ThE gUHYA SAMAJA-tANTRA
         TO BE ThE CH-iEF OF ALL ThE tANTRAS. hE SEARCHED FOR -iTS
         eSSENCE. iN H-iS OP-iN-iON ThE aLL-KNOW-iNG bU-SUdN WAS ThE
         mASTER OF A GREAT NUMBER OF tANTRAS (yOGA tANTRA). hE
         STUD-iED Th-iS CLASS OF tANTRAS W-iTh gON-GSUM BdE-CHEN-PA
         (~ HOS-KY-i DPAL-PA AND kHYUR;-PA lHAS-PA. hE HELD ThE
         OP-iN-iON ThAT ThE w-iNAYA OF ThE hOLY dOCTR-iNE WAS ThE BAS-iS
         O~ ThE CNT-iRE dOCTR-iNE OF bUDDHA/ AND STUD-iED E~MESTLY ThE
         SYSTEM OF ThE w-iNAYA UNDER ThE MAHA-UPADHYAYA SkYOR-LUR;-
         PA. wH-iLE HE WAS STAY-iNG AMONG FELLOW-STUDENTS OF PH-iLOSO-
         PHY/ ThOUGH ENDOWED W-iTh PERFECT UNDERSTAND-iNG OF ThE
         sA-iPTURES (-i~GAM~S) AND sC-iENCES (lOG-iC)/ HC A~RO-iDED SUCH
         PRACT-iCES/ AS ABUS-iNG OThERS/ ShOUT-iNG/ RUNN-iNG/ JUMP-iNG
         AND DANC-iNG/ AND FELT VERY SAD AND DOWNCAST. sO i HAVE
         BEEN TOLD BY MY tEACHERS (sOM~ OF ThC ANC-iCNT tCACHER
         D-iSAPPROVED OF ThE POSTURES AND ACCLAMAT-iONS ACCOMPANY-iNG
         DEBATES). aFTER ThAT HE CH-iE~QY BENEF-iTTED OThERS BY EXPOUND-
         -iNG TO ThEM EHE dOCTR-iNE. oNCE/ WH~N MANY W-iSE MEN
         HAD GATh~RCD/ S-iM-iLAR TO GEESE ON A LOTUS POND/ AMOTLG ThCM
         ThERE WAS A TEACHER NAMED DBu-MA-PA (A NAT-iVE OF aMDO)/ WHO
         -iN H-iS CH-iLDHOOD HAD A hEET-iNG V-iS-iON OF ThE wENERABLE mAN-
         JUSN. lAT~R/ WH-iLE ENGAGED -iN MED-iTAT-iON/ HE OBTA-iNED A CLEAR
         V-iS-iON OF ThE bODH-iSATTVA/ AND USED TO -iNQU-iRE ABOUT H-iS DA-iLY
    (6B) WORK FROM ThE bODH-iSATTVA. tSON-KHA-PA OBTA-iNED FROM H-iM
         ThE -iN-iT-iAT-iON OF ThE wENERABLE oNE (mANJUSN)AND REC-iTED
         MANTRAS. w-iTh-iN A ShORT T-iME HE OBTA-iNED A CLEAT V-iS-iON OF ThE
         bODH-iSATTVA/ AND WAS ABLE TO PUT GUEST-iONS TO ThE bODH-iSATTVA.
         -iN ThE MANNER OF A T-iSC-iPLE TO H-iS TEACHET/ AND OBTA-iNCD
                                                                         p.1076
         ANSWERS. mOST OF ThE T-iME HE BEHELD ThE bODH-iSATTVA/ AND
         OBTA-iNED H-iS -iNSTTUCAONS. tHE wENETABLE oNE FOTETOLD H-iM
         ThAT ShOULD HE LEAD CHE L-iFE OF AN ASCET-iC HE WOULD BE ABLE TO
         BENEF-iT ThE dOCTR-iNE GTEATLY/ MORE SO ThAN -iN ThE PRESENT
         STATE. hE D-iD ACCORD-iNGLY/ AND -iN ThE COMPANY OF SEVERAL
         COMPAN-iONS HE PTOCEEDED TOWARDS 'oL-KHA. tHERE HE PRACT-i-
         SED MED-iTAT-iON -iN HERM-iTAGCS/ AS FAR AS bUM-ThAN -iN mON
         (bHUTAN). aBOUT ThAT T-iME HE STUD-iED W-iTh ThE MAHâƒ-
         UPADHYâƒYA ~HBOSS KYABS BZAN-PO/ WHOSE M-iND HAD REACHED
         ThE LOFTY STAGE BY ThE PRACR-iCE OF ThE BkA' ~DAMS-PA
         PRECEPTS/ AND ThE MAHâƒ-UPâƒDHYAYA lAS-KY-i RDO-RJE (kARMA-
         VAJRA)/ WHO NEVER ABANDONED ThE PRACT-iCE OF bODH-iSATTVAS/
         ASS-iSTED BY ThE MAN-iFESTAT-iON OF ThE bODY/ sPEECH AND m-iND
         O~ gUHYAPAT-i/ ThE lAM R-iM (dEGREES OF ThE pATh) COMPOSED
         BY sHR⌠dâŒPANKARAJâ¤âƒNA/ AND PRACT-iSED -iT. hE SPENT ONE DAY
         AT ThE FOOT OF ThE mO-LA pASS OF G~AL. tHERE HE RECE-iVED A
         PTOPHECY/ WH-iCH SA-iDH "yOU W-iLL BECOME A bUDDHA -iN Th-iS
         wORLD. kNAW -iT!" h-iS tUTELARY DE-iTY ALSO PROPHES-iED TO
         H-iM ThAT HE COULD BENEF-iT OThERS BY FOLLOW-iNG ThE VOWS OF ThE
         w-iNAYAH fOLLOW-iNG ThESE -iND-iCAT-iONS/ ThE tEACHER AND H-iS
         D-iSC-iPLES WORE REL-iG-iOUS GARMENTS WH-iCH WERE CUT ACCORD-
         -iNG TO ThE w-iNAYA RULES/ AS WELL AS ThE PATTA AND ThE MAT
         (N-iSADANA)/ AND OThER ATT-iCLES (PRESCR-iBED BY ThE w-iNAYA).
         wHEN OThERS SAW ThEM/ ThEY FELT ThAT Th-iS WAS ThE VERY
         MANNER OF ORDA-iNED PR-iESTS. lATER HE -iNTRODUCED TO ThE
         w-iNAYA ThE D-iSC-iPLES WHO WANTED TO HEAR FROM H-iM ThE
         dOCTR-iNE DUR-iNG-A YEAR OR A MONTh. aND N~T ONLY ThAT/ FOR
         (-iT WAS SA-iD) ThAT ThE MERE HEAR-iNG OF H-iS NAME FTOM A D-i~
         TANCE/ CAUSED ThE HA-iR OF ThE BODY TO STAND ERECT. h-iS ~AME EN-
    (7A) VELOPED ALL QUARTERS AND HE BECAME A MATCHLESS ONE. nOT BE-iNG
         SAT-iSF-iED W-iTh ThE MERE VOWS OF ThE pRAT-i MOKSA/ HE DEVELOPED
         -iN H-iS D-iSC-iPLES A MCNTAL YEARN-iNG TOWARDS eNL-iGHTENMENT WH-i;H
         CONS-iSTED OF A SOLEMN W-iSh AND PTACT-iCE (OF bODH-iSATTVAS)
         ('jUG-PA/ PTAYOGA). hE ALSO COMPOSED A SASTRA EXPOUND-iNG
         ThE OBSERVANCE OF ThE VOWS OF ThE ABOVE (ThE MdO-RTSA/-i Z-iN-
         BR-iS RJE r-iN-PO-CHE-I BkA'-'BUM/ VOL. ii. (KHA)/ FOL. G8A). iN
                                                                         p.1077
         H-iS OP-iN-iON ONE COULD PRACT-iSE ThE VOWS OF bODH-iSATTVAS FOR
         TENS OF M-iLL-iONS OF kALPAS (cOSM-iC pER-iOD) BUT/ -iF ONE D-iD
         NOT POSSESS ThE W-iSDOM -iNTU-iT-iNG ThE aBSOLUTE/ ONE WOULD NOT
         BE ABLE TO CROSS OVER ThE oCEAN OF pHENOMENAL eX-iSTENCE
         (sAMSâƒRA). tHEREFORE HE COMPOSED A TEAT-iSE EXPOUND-iNG ThE
         PRECEPTS OF ThE DEGREES OF ThE pATh OF ThE ThREE K-iNDS OF
         -iND-iV-iDUALS/ WH-iCH EXPOUNDED CLEARLY ThE ABOVE SYSTEM [ThE
         lAM-R-iM CHEN-MO/ BkA'-'BUM/ VOL. x1~i (PA)/ FOL. 481A. lAM-
         R-iM CHUN-BA/ BkA'-'BUM/ VOL. xiw(pHA)~. iN H-iS OP-iN-iON
         ThE DEGREES OF ThE pATh O~ eNL-iGHTENMENT WERE ALMOST COM-
         PLETE -iN ThE ABOVE SYSTEM (EXPOUNDED -iN ThE lAM-R-iM)/ BUT
         ThAT -iT WAS NECESSARY TO BE -iN-iT-iATED -iNTO ThE SYSTEM OF tAN-
         TRAS WH-iCH ENABLED ONE TO OBTA-iN bUDDHAHOOD -iN Th-iS VETY
         L-iFE. tHUS HE WROTE MANY SâƒSTRAS DESCR-iB-iNG ThE DEGREES OF
         ThE pATh (OF tANTRA) (ThE S~AGS-R-iM CHEN-MO/ VOL. iii/ gA/
         FOL.441AH hOW TO F-iRST ATTEND ON A (tANTR-iCL tEACHER/ ThEN
         HOW TO PRACT-iSE tANTR-iC VOWS AND PRECEPTS BESTOWED BY ThE
         tEACHER/ AND HOW TO PRACT-iSE HAV-iNG OBTA-iNED -iN-iT-iAT-iON OF ThE
         TWO DEGREES OF MED-iTAT-iON O~ ThE UTPANNAKRAMA AND SAMPANNA-
         KRAMA DEGREES). eSPEC-iALLY/ HE COMPOSCD PRECEPTS AND
         COMMENTAR-iES ON ThE ~RâŒ-gUHYASAMAJA-tANTRA BAS-iNG H-iMSELF
         ON ThE REXTS BY ThE ACARYA nAGARJUNA AND ThE LATTER'S D-iSC-i-
         PLES (ThE SgRON-GSAL RGYA-CHER BSAD-PA/ BkA'-'BUM/ VOL.w/ ca/
         FOL. 138A; ThE SgRON-GSAL-MCHAN-GY-i YAN-'GREL/ BkA'-'BUM/
         VOL. iw/ na/ FOL. 476A; ThE r-iM-LNA GSAL-SGRON/ BkA'-'BUM/
         VOL. wii/ ja/ FOL. 312A). aT F-iRST HE LABOURED FOR ThE WELFATE
         OF OThERS AND V-iS-iTED MANY D-iFFERENT COUNTR-iES. iN ThE BEG-iN-
         N-iNG OF ThE YEAR eARTh-fEMALE-oX (SA-MOGLAN--1409 a.d.)
         HE HELD ThE gREAT pRAYER aSSEMBLY (SmON-LAM CHEN-MO)/
         AND BROUGHT DOWN ThE L-iGHT OF ThE dOCTR-iNE ON ThOSE WHO
         HAD GAThERED. iN ThE SAME YEAR HE FOUNDED ThE MONASTERY
         OF DgE-LDAN RNAM-PAR RGYAL-BA-I GL-iN. tHEN -iN ThE YEAR
         wOOD-fEMALE-sHEEP (S-iN~NO-LUG--1415 a.d.) HE PROCEEDED
         TOWARDS BkRA-S-iS dO-KHA OF 'oN/ AND REVOLVED ThC wHEEL
         OF ThE dOCTR-iNEC OF ThE tANTRAS AND sUTRAS. hE GAThERED
         A FEW tR-iP-iTAKADHARAS AND CLASS-iF-iED ThE D-iFF-iCULT PO-iNTS
                                                                         p.1078
         OF ThE dOCN-iNE. hE SPENT OVER TWO MONThS ThERE. aFTET
         ThAT HAV-iNG COME TO DgE-LDAN/ HE BU-iLT ThE OUTER CHAPEL
         (pHY-i-I MCHOR-KHAN)/ AND -iNS-iDE -iT ERECTED A tANTR-iC MANDALA
         MADE OF PREC-iOUS STONES (ThE MANTALA CAN BE ST-iLL SEEN AT DgE-
         LDAN. oNE OF ThE -iMAGES Oe ThE MANDALA BECAME FAMOUS
         AS ThE "RA-iNBOW" -iMAGE/ kHANDA PA 'LA/-TShON-MA). iN ThE
         YEAR eATThfEMALE-hOG (SA-MO-PHAG--14~G a.d.) HE WENT
         TO ThE HOT SPR-iNGS OF StOD LUNS (A WELL-KNOWN RESORT -iN t-iBET).
         wHEN HE WAS PREACH-iNG ThE sHR⌠gUHYA SAMAJA-tANTRA TO NUMER-
         OUS KALYâƒnA-M-iTRAS/ WHO HAD GAThERED -iN ThE V-iHARA OF DpAL
    (7B) 'bRA~SPUNS/ HE PLACED H-iS PREACHER/S CHA-iR FAC-iNG DgE-LDAN.
         aFTER COMPLET-iNG ThE EXPOS-iNON OF ThE N-iNTh CHAPTER (OF ThE
         gUHYASAMAJA-tANTRA)/ HE PROCEEDED TO DgELDAN. oN H-iS
         WAY ThERE HE PERFORMED ThE CONSECRAT-iON R-iTE AT GsAH-SN~GS-
         MKHAR. hE RECE-iVED AN -iNV-iTAT-iON FROM lHA-SPUR gRU-BZ-i-PA.
         wH-iLE HE WAS RES-iD-iNG ThERE/ A LOUD SOUND OF A D-iV-iNE BELL
         (GANDL/ A P-iECE OF WOOD USED TO GLThER -iNMATES OF A MONASTETY/
         ACCORD-iNG TO ThE w-iNAY~ OF ThE s~RVAST-iVAD-iNS. tHE GAND.-i AND
         ~H~ KHAKKHARA OT STAFF ARE PECUL-iAR TO ThE sATVAST-iV-iD-iNS~ TESOUN-
         DED ~ROM ThE sKY/ AND FOLLOW-iNG -iT HE PROCEEDED TO ThE
         MANS-iON (Z-iMS-KHAL-i) OF DgE-LDAN. oN ARR-iVAL ThERE/ HE
         PRESENTED TO ThE dHARMASâƒM-iN RgYAL-TShAB r-iN PO CHE A HAT
         AND A MANTLE WH-iEH SYMBOL-iZED H-iS APPO-iNTMENT TO ThE
         ABBOT'S CHA-iR. wHEN HE SAT MED-iTAT-iNG/ H-iS FACE ShONE L-iKE
         ThAT OF A S-iSTEEN-YEARS OLD BOY/ AND Th-iS WAS SEEN BY H-iS
         D-iX-iPLES. iMMED-iATELY AFTER -iT/ HE PASSED -iNTO ThE iMMA-
         CULATE sPHERE (dAG-PA-I DBY-iNS). N~ ABOVE -iS A BR-iEF STORY
         OF ThE DEEDS OF ThE wENERABLE aLL-KNOW-iNG. bY ThE GRACE
         O~ Th-iS wENERABLE oNE/ EVEN ThOSE OF ThE MONKS WHO
         HD NOT SEEN H-iS FACE/ AND WERE RES-iD-iNG AT D-iSTANT PLACES/
         WORE ThE REL-iG-iOUS ROBE (C-iVARA/ CHOS-GOS) AND KEPT W-iTh
         ThEMSELVES ThE (MED-iTAT-iVE) MAT/ ThE ALMS-BOWR(PATTA) AND ThE
         O~H~R AR~-iDES (PRESCR-iBED BY ThE w-iNAYA). tHEY D-iSCARDED ThE
         WEAR-iNG OF ThE HOOD (SDUD-MA) AS A CLOAK/ AND -iNSTEAD WORE
         ThE MANTLE (ZLA~AM)/ AND CHANGED ThE COLOUR OF ThE-iR HATS TO
         ThAT OF GOLD.
                                                                         p.1079
            tHE ABOVE -iS AN ACCOUNT OF H-iS GREATNESS AS SEEN BY ORD-i-
         NARY HUMAN BE-iNGS. nOW H-iS -iNTR-iNS-iC GREATNESSH
            iN ThE STORY ABOUT ThE -iNSTRUCT-iONS G-iVEN BY ThE GUHYAPAT-i
         wAJRAPâƒn-i To ThE N1AHâƒ-UPADHYAYA lAS-KY-i RDO-RJE (kARMAVA-
         JRA)/ -iT -iS SA-iDH "eVEN i/ wAJRAPAN-i/ WAS UNABLE TO GRASP ThE
         MEASURE OF ThE MER-iT OF sUMAT-iKâŒRT-iSR~ (BlO-BZAN GRA~S-PA-
         DPAL) (RJE r-iN-PO-CL~E-I BkA'-'BULU/ VOL. i (KA)/ ~U-LAN SMAN-
         N~CHOG BDUD-RTS-i-I 'PHREN-BA/ FOL 10BH--KH~BO pHYAG-NA
         RDO-RJES KYAN 'D-i-I YON-TAN DPAG-PAR M-i-NUS-S-ing). iN ThE ABOVE
         REL-iABLE TEXT (-iT -iS STATE). aFTER ThAT HE W-iLL BECOME ThE
         bODH-iSATTVA mâƒâ¤JUSRâŒGARBHA ('~LM-DPAL SN-iN-PO~ -iN ThE hEAVET-
         OF tijS-iTA// (sEE ~U-LAN/ ~01. 12BH DgA'-LDAN-DU bYAMS-PA-I
         DRUng-DU bYAN-CHUB SEMS-DPA/ '~LM-DPAL SN-iN-PO ZES-BYA-BAR
         SKYE). iN FUTURE HE W-iLL BECOME ThE tAThâƒGATA s-iRNLLâƒSVARA
         (sER;-GE/-i NA-RO)." fROM ThE ABOVE QUOTAT-iONS ONE UNDER-
         STANDS ThAT hE HAS BEEN A BE-iNG W-iTh A STRA-iGHT FORWARD
         m-iND/ DWELL-iNG ON A LOFTY STAGE (OF SP-iR-iTUAL EVOLUT-iON)/ WHO
         HAD COME HERE FOR ThE WELFARE OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS. h-iS rEGENT
    (8A) (RgYAi-TShAB) WAS ONE F-iLLED W-iTh AVERS-iON TOWARDS ThE ENT-iRE
         wORLD/ ENDOWED W-iTh AN ENL-iGHTENED m-iND/ UNaH-iNDERED (-iN
         ThE ~iN./CRSTAN~-iN~) OF ALL ThE SYSTEMS (EXPOUNDED) -iN ThE
         BAS-iC TEXTS OF ThE tANTRAS AND sâ–TRAS. hE POSSESSED A PER-
         SONAL-iTY BOUND BY PURE UNDEF-iLED MORAL-iTY/ EVEN -iN CASE OF
         ThE SMALLEST TRANSGRESS-iONS. hE ShOWED PERSEVERANCE -iN
         MER-iTOR-iOUS DEEDS W-iThOUT ABANDON-iNG ThEM EVEN FOR A S-iNGLE
         MOMENT. hE ACTED AS ABBOT FOR 13 YEARS T-iLL ThE YEAR iRON-
         fEMALE-hOG (LCAGS-N~O-~)HA~/--1431 a.d.). iN Th-iS YEAR 1L~
         HANDED OVET ThE ABBOTSh-iP TO MkHAS GRUB DgE-LEGS-DPAL/ AND
         H-iMSELF EMBRACED A SOL-iTARY L-iFE/ AND DEPARTED TO pOTALA (-i.E.
         D-iED/ ThE YEAR wATER-mALE-mOUSE (CHU-PHO-BY-i-BA--143~
         a.d.) AT ThE AGE OF 69. MkHAS-GRUB DgE LEGS PAL OCCUP-iED
         ThE ABBOT'S CHA-iR FOR E-iGHT YEARS T-iLL ThE YEAR eARTh-mALE-
         hORSE (SA-PHO-RTA--1438 a.d.)/ AND ThEN PASSED AWAY. tHE
         dHARMSVâƒM-iN lEGS-PA RGYAL-MTShAN (AN -iNCARNAT-iON OF Th-iS
         ABBOT EX-iSTS -iN aLNCLO/ AND -iS KNOWN BY ThE NAME OF 7WA-LU-
         ~A) WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR wOOD-hARE iS-ing-VOS--1375 a.d)/
                                                                         p.1080
         AND BECAME ABBOT ~O~ DgE-LDAN) -iN ThE YEAR eATTh-fEMALE-
         sHEEP (SA-M~LUG--1439 a.d.)/ AT ThE AGE OF 65. hE D-iED A~
         ThE AGE OF 76 -iN ThC YEAR iRON-mALE-hOTSE ~iCAGS-PH~RTA--
         1450 a.d.). dRUN BlO-GROS-PA WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR eARTh-
         fE-iNALE-sERPCNT (~A-MO SB~U~--1389 a.d.)/ AND BECAME ABBOT
         -iN ThE YEAR ~RON-mALE-~ORSC (LCAGS-PHO-RTA--1450 a.d.)/ AT
         ThE AGE OF 62. hE REMA-iNED ABBOT T-iLL ThE YEA~ wATER-
         fEMALE-sHEEP (~i~U-MO-LUG--1463 a.d.)/ DUR-iNG WH-iCH HE
         ~PPO-iNTED TO ThE CHA-iT bA-S~BA/ AGED 6~/ AND H-iALSELF BECAME
         AT1 ASCET-iC. aFTER ThAT ThE~R ASKED ThE dHARMASVAM-iN BlO-
         GTOS BRTAN-PA TO OCCUPY ThE CHA-iR.
            hE -iS ST-iLL AL-iVE PERFORM-iNG MTR-i~OR-iOUS DEEDS.
            tHE cHAPTER ON DgE-LDAN.
            (tHE ABOVE ARE ThE F-iRST S-iX ABBOTS OF ThE "~M-DBYANS
         GTSAN-P~ BDUN-BRGYUD).
            SmRA-BA-I ~CN-GE rON-STON CL)EN-PO (HE WAS ThE F-iRST
         SCHOLAR WHO OPPL~SED ThE DgE-LUGS-PAS)H
         hE WAS A bODH-iSATTVA ENDOWED W-iTh ThE POWER OF SOLEMN
         W-iSh (SMON-LAM-GY-i MThU-CAN). hC WAS BORN AS SON OF A
         bON-PO FAM-iLY AT ThE RgYAL-MO RON (RgYAL-TON -iN eAS~ERN
         kHAN1S) -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-fEMALC~HEEP ~ME-MO-LUG--1367
         a.d.). iN H-iS YOUTh HE PTOCEEDED TO DbUS AND GtSAN. hE
         STUD-iED ThE SC-iENCES AT GsAN-PHU. aT ThE AGE O~ 20/ i)c
         MASTCRED ThE pRAMâƒNAV-iN-iSCAYA AND BECAME MATCHLESS -iN PH-i-
         LOSOPH-iCAL DEBATES (r-iGS-PA SMRA-BA). hE TOOK ThE VOWS OF
         pRAT-iMOKSA AT gR~SAR BEFORE DmAR-STON CHEN-PO. hE ATTA~-
         DED ON D-iF~CRENT TEACKERS/ AND MASTETED ALL ThE p-iTAKAS. bET-
         WEEN H-iS ~UD-iES HE PREACHED ThE p-itAKAS TO MANY W-iSE MEN
    (8B) -iN FULF-iLMENT OF ThE-iR W-iShES AT MANY LOCAL-iT-iES -iN sOUTh AND
         nORTh L~STOD/ -iN uPPER AND lOWER GtSAN/ AND AT DBu AND
         GyOR. hE CONSTANTLY PREACHED ThE aBH-i SAMAYâƒLAmKâƒTA AND
         -iTS COMMENTATY/ FOLLOW-iNG MA-iNLY ~N ThE METhOD (MDZAD-SROL)
         OF ThE MAHA-UPADHYAYA sANS-RGYAS-DPAL. hE/ HELD -iN H-iGH
         ESTEEM ThE "lATER" l-iNEAGE OF ThE ~-i-BYE~L DOCTR-iNE WH-iCH
         -iNCLUDED H-iDDEN PRECEPTS OF ThE ABOVE. hE/ BE-iNG ENDOWED
         W-iTh ThE POWER OF S~LEMN .w-iS1~ (SMON-LAN~/ NOTh-iNG -iS SA-iD
                                                                         p.1081
         ABOUT H-iS CLAShES W-iTh LOCAL DE-iT-iES/ OR ABOUT ThE tEACHER AN
         L~-iS D-iSC-iPLES SUT~ER-iNG FROM EP-iDEM-iCS. tHUS HE D-iD NOT SUFFER
         FROM ANY K-iN~L OF ACC-iDENTS. hE D-iD NOT POSSESS EVEN D~C
         SL-iGHTEST ATTACHMENT ~OWjRDS WEALTh AN~L PROPETTY. hE USED
         TO SAY ~ T -is -iMPROPER FOR A KALYANA~ -iTTA TO COUNT ThE PR-iCE
         OF ONE OR TWO MEASURES (OF GRA-iN) RECE-iVED FROM H-iS D-iSC-iPLES.
         a KALYâƒN. A-M-iTRA ShOULD KNOW HOW TO ESTABL-iSh A CONCOM-iTANCE
         (KHYAB-PA/ VYAPT-i)." hE USED TO SAY TO H-iS D-iSC-iPLES WHO HAD
         PUR-iF-iED ThE-iR iNNER sELF/ ThAT ~ Th-iS BOND WH-iCH HAS NO BEG-iN-
         N-iNG/ -iS ENOUGH FOR US (MEAN-iNG ThAT TL EY ShOULD NOT BE
         BOUND BY ThEOR-iES). yOU MAY FOLLOW ANY K-iND OF TBEOR-iES
         CONFORM-iNG TO YOUR M-iND." oUTWARDLY HE SEEMS TO HAVE
         CONCENTRATED ON ThE PREACH-iNG OF ThE dOCTR-iNE ONLY. iNWARDLY
         HE PRACT-iSED CONSTANTLY yOGA/ AND WAS ABLE TO RECOGN-iZE ThE
         D-iFFERENT ShADES OF ThE PANCA-PRâƒN⃠(RLUNG-LngA~.
            wHEN ThE NA-iL OF H-iS B-iG TOE FELL OFF/ -iT TRANSFORMED -iTSELF
         -iNTO A PEARL ShELL. iN ThE YEAR wOOD-fERRLALE-hARE (S-ing-N~O-YOS
         --1435 a.d.) HE FOUNDED ThE MONASTERY OF nâƒLANDA ('pHAN-
         YUL. tL E N1OT1ASTETY MA-iNTA-iNS A SCHOOL OF T~ SOPL~Y)/ AND
         SA-i~ aT bYAng CHUB YE-SES D-iED WH-iLE PREACH-iNG ThE pRA-
         Jâ¤APâƒRAM-iTâƒ. i ShALL ALSO MAKE MY D-iSC-iPLES REMOVE MY
         COR~OSE FROM TL~E PREACHER/S CL~A-iR (CHOS-KHR-i).'/ oNCE ThE
         p;TAKADHARA DgE-BA RGYAL-MTSliAN TOLD H-iM ThAT HE i~AD SE~N -iL~
         A DREAM ThAT A SER-iOUS ACC-iDENT WAS TO BEFALL L~ CLUR-iL~G TL~AT
         YEAR AND ThAT HE ShOULD REC-iTE MAL~TRAS AL~D PERFORM R-iTES (-iN
         ORDET TO REN1OVE ThE EV-iL -iNFLUENCES). hE REPL-i~    i AM
         NOT TL-E SUBJECT OF ThE ACâƒRYA DgE-RGYAL'S ~ROPL~ECY. lET ANY
         K-iL~D OF ACC-iDENTS CAKE PL;~CEL i ShALL L-iVE T-iLL ThE AGE OF 83.
         tRUE TO L~-iS WORDS HE PASSED AWAY ~T T1-E A~E OF 83 -iN ThE YEAR
         eARTh-fEMALE-sERPENT(SA-MO-ShR~N--1449 a.d.). aCCORD-iNG TO
         H-iS -iNSTRUCT-iONS/ H-iS coTPsE WAS L~OT TO BE REN1OVED FROM ThE
         PREACHER'S CHA-iR. nOT MORE ThAN TWO DAYS MUST HAVE PASSED
    (9A) BETWEEN H-iS LAST PREACH-iNG AND H-iS (LE 9Th (-i.E. HE HAD PASSED
         AWAY ON ThE CHA-iR). iN H-iS USUAL CONVERSAT-iON HE USED TO SAYH
         i ShALL NOT BECOME A BOOR-iSh kHAMS-PA L-iKE (ThE PRESENT ONE).
         i ShALL BECOME A DEVAPUTRA DR-iNK-iNG NECTAR -iN ThE HEAVEN OF
                                                                         p.1082
         tUS-iTA L ~' tHEREFORE NOW HE MUST BE SURELY RES-iD-iNG -iN tUS-iTA.
         bEFORE H-iS PASS-iNG -iNTO n-iRVâƒRnA/ HE APO-iNTED TO ThE aBBOT'S
         CHA-iR ThE dHARMASVâƒM-iN BkRA-S-iS MAM-RGYAL. tH-iS ONE ALSO
         BOUTED EXTENS-iVELY FOR ThE BENEF-iT OF ThE dOCTR-iNE/ PREACHED/
         ERECTED LARGE iMAGES/ ETC. hE WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR eARTh-
         mTLE-t-iGER (SA-PHO-STT~/R--1398 a.d.) AND PASSED AWAY AT ThE
         AGE OF 61. -iHE dHARMASVâƒM-iN DgE-BA R~YALMTShAN WAS
         BORN -iN ThE ~EAR wATER-mALE-~;)G (CHU-PH-~ KHY-i--1302 a.d.).
         hE CAME To T1~E CHA-iR AT ThE AGE OF 77 -iN TLTE YEAR eARTh-t-iGER
         ~SA-STAG--14~8 a.d.)/ AND L-iVED T-iLL ThE YEAR wATER-hORSE-
         (CHU-RTA--~462 a.d.) FOR F-iVE YEARS/ WHEN HE D-iED. B~AG-PO
         RgY i-GAT-BA WAS BORN -iN ThE YEAR eARTh-fEMALE-sHEEP (SA-MO-
         LU /_ 143~ a.d.)/ AND BECAME ABBOT -iN ThE YEAR wATER-hORSE
         CHU-RTA--1462 a d.)/ AT ThE AGE OF 24 hE ACTED AS ABBOT FOR
         F-iVE YEARS/ T-iLL ThE YEAR f-iRE-mALE-dOG (ME-MO-KHY-i--1466
         a d.). hE ENTRUSTED (ThE ABBOTS!~ ) TO GlAN-ThAR; r-iN-PO-
         CHE/ WHO APPO-iNTED TO ThE ABBOT'S CHA-iR TLT~ dHARMASVAM-i
         gUN-RU/ AND H-iMSELF BECAME AN ASCET-iC.
            tHE cHAPER ON ThE MONASTERY OF nALANDA (-iN 'pHAN~
         tH-iS GRETT MONASTERY OF DpAL RtSES-ThAN (ON ThE GtSAN-PO
         -iN lHO-KHA) WAS FOUNDED -iN TBE YEAR iTON-fEMALE-hARE (LCTOS-
         MO-YOS--1351 a.d.) BY tA-I s-i-NL bY-iTR;-CHUB RGYAL-MTShAN
         FAMED -iN ALL QUARTERS. a RU-iNED OCTAGONAL UPPER STRUCTURE
         (LBU-RTSE) CRECTED -iN ThE T-iME OF KlU-MES STOOD ThERE. hAV-iNG
         BEGUN WORK -iN ThE AUTUMN/ (byang chub rgyal-mtshh~T~) BU-iLT ThE
         COURT-YARD TAC-iNG Th-iS UPPER STRUCTURE. tO ThE wEST OF -iT/ -iN-
         S-iDE ThE COURTYARD/ HE BU-iLT A TEMPLE W-iTh -iTS DOOR FAC-iNG eAST.
         tHE OCTAGONAL STRUCTURE i-A~ ;/ F;~LL~N LL~ RU-iN/ HE TL~OUGHT Th;~T
         -iT M-iGHT HAVE A BAD EFFECT ~TL ThE PRONOST-iCAT-iON OF ThE OMENS
         OF ThE LOCAL-iTY (SA-DPYA) AND ThEREFORE REMOVED -iT TOWARDS ThE
         ~E~TERN MOUNTA-iNS. hE AiSO BU-iLT ABOUT FORTY LARGE HOUSES TO
         ACCOMMODATE MONKS/ AS WELL AS A H-iGH WALL. aFTER Th-iS/ -iN ThE
         YEAR wATER mALE dRAGON (CHU-PHO 'BMG--1352 a.d.) HE -iNV-i-
         TED ThERE NUMEROUS PR-iESTS FROM VAR-iOUS MONASTER-iES -iN E~RDER
    (9B) TO G-iVE A START TO ThE STUDY OF ThE dOCTR-iNE hE ENDOWED (ThE
         MONASTERY) ~Q-iTL~ PROPERTY ~OR ThE U-i~KEEP OF PRE~TCLTERS. hE
                                                                         p.1083
         ALSO ESTABL-iShED ThC D-iSTR-iBUT-iON OF FOOD/ TE;~ AND SOUP TO ThE
         COMMON MONKS. hE APYOH-TED TO ThE ABBOT'S CHA-iR '~iNL-
         PA/-i DBYANS sHâƒKYA RGYAL-MTShAN/ AGED 13/ WHO WAS ABLE TO
         REC-iTE BY HEART FOUR OF TL~E FAMOUS SETLES Oe F-iVE VOL~ ES (/dUL-
         BA/ DBu-MA/ tShAD-MA/ L~BAR-PHY-i~L/ AND N1dZOD). fOR FOUR
         YEARS HE MA-iNTA-iNED A CLASS (OF STU~!ENTS~. aT T1 E AGE OF 26/
         HE RET-iRED TO ThE pALACE (RTSE). tHEN RgYAL-SRAS gRAGS PA R-iN-
         CHEN/ WHO WAS BORN -iN ThE YCAR eARTh-fEMALE-oX (SA-M~
         GLAN--1349 a.d.)/ AGED 17/ CAME TO ThE ABBOT'S CHA-iR -iN
         Th~ YEAR wOHD-fELNALE-sERLXNT (S-iN-mO-SBRUL--1365 a.d).
         hEPASSEDAW~YATThE~GE OF 19 -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-fEM~LE-
         sL~EEP (ME-M~LUG--1367 a.d.). aFTER H-iNL ThE ACATYA /~AM-
         SNON-PA ACTCD AS TEACHCR (BLA-CHOS GSUN B~ ThE YEAR eARTh-
         mALE-aPE (SA-PHO-SPR~'U--1368 a.d.). aT ThE END OF Th-iS
         YEAR/ r-iN PO-CHE BsOD-NAMS GRAGS-PA/ BORN -iN ThE YEAR eARTh-
         fEMALE-hOG (SA-MO-PHAG--1359 a.d.)/ AGCD LO/ CAM~ TO
         ThE CHA-iR. hE OCCUP-iED ThE CHA-iR T-iLL ThE YEAR iRON-aPE
         (LCA~SPRC--1380 a.d.)/ AND HELD A REL-iG-iOUS ASSEULBLY -iN
         lH;L-SA. iN ThE YEAR iRON-fEMALE-hEN (iCwAGS-MO BYL--1381
         a.d.) HE RET-iRED TO ThE pALACE (RTSE). hE WAS REPLACCD BY
         gTAGS-PA RGYAL-MTShAN/ BOTN -iN ThE YEAR wOOD-mALE-t-iGET
         (S-iN-PHO-STAG--1374 a.d.)/ AGED 8/ WHO CAME TO ThE CHA-iR
         -iN ThE YEAR iRON-fEMALE-hEN (LCAG.~M~BYA--1381 a.d.)/
         AND PREACHED ThE pRAMANAVART-iKA. .9.T ThE AGE OF 1~/ BCFORE
         ThE END OF ThE YEAR wOOD-fEMALE-oX (S-iN-MO-~LAN--1385
         a.d )/ HE RET-iRED TO ThE pALACE (RTSE). iN Th-iS wOOD-fEMALE-
         oX (S-iN-M~GLAN--1385 a.d/) HE RET-iTED TO ThE pALACE (RTSE).
         iN Th-iS wOOD-oX YEAR (S-iN-GLA@#--1385 a.d.) ONE N-iN]ED
         dRUN bYAN-CHUB RDO-RjE/ BORN -iN ThE YEAR f-iRE-fEMALE-sER-
         P~NT (ME-MO-SBRUL--1377 a.d.)/ CAME TO ThE CHA-iR/ A~/E~L 9.
         hE OCCUP-iED ThE CHA-iR FOR 44 YEARS T-iLL H-iS DEATh -iN ThE Y~AR
         eARTh mALE-aPE (S~PH~SPR~'U--~428 a/d.). dUR-iNG ThAT
         T-iN1E HE MADE ThC MONASTERY PROSPEROUS AND W~ALThY.
         fROM TL~E W-iNTER RETREAT OF Th-iS YEAR/ /~FAN~-DBYANS GRAGS-PA
         'BYUN-GN~S-PA/ BONL -iN ThE YEAR wOOj-mALE-hORSE (S-iN-PHO-
         RCA--1414 a. .). AGED ~5/ ACTED AS ABBOT. iN ThE S-iXTh
                                                                         p.1084
         MONTh OF ThE YEAR wOOD-mALE-mOUSE (CHU-PHO-BY-i-BA--
         1432 a.d.) HE RET-iRED TO ThE pALACE (RTSE). tHEN DUR-iNG
         12 YEARS ThERE WAS NO ABBOT/ BUT HE SUPERV-iSED T;1E MONAS-
         TERY FROM ThE pALACE (L-iT. ~LOOKED AT TL~E MONASTERY OUT OF TL~E
         CORNER OF H-iS EYE'/)/ hE BU-iLT ;i GREAT -iMAGE (iHA-CHEN)/ H1
         GREAT V-iHâƒRA AND PREPARED A Bk~'-/GYUR WR-iTTEN -iN ~OLD/ AND
         PLACED -iT -iNS-iDE (ThE V-iHâƒRA). hE D-iD NOT ALLOW WONLEN (LOA)
         ~ND W-iNE W-iTh-iN TL)E ~REC-iNCTS O~ ThE MONASTERY/ AS WELL AS
         CARED WELL FOR ThE TEACHERS AND STUDENT-N1ONKS. eTET ThAT/
         BEG-iNN-iNG W-iTh ThE wOOD-mALE.mOUSE (S-iR;-PHO-BY-i-BA--1444
         a.d.)/ dRUN kUN-DGA/ LEGS-P~-I 'BYUng-GNAS WAS A~PO-iNTE~L
         C-iV-iL OL~-iC-iAL (NAng-SO) OF RtSES-ThAN. iN TLU~ YEAR f-iRE-mALE-
         t-iGER (ME-PH~STAG--1446 a.d.) HE (~ M-DBY~NS gRAGS-PA
         'BYUN-GNAS) PREACL~ED A NEW EXPOS-iT-iON (BSAD-GSAR). iA ThE
         SUN~MER OF ThE YEAR eARTh-mALE-dRAGON ~SA-PHO-'BRUG--1448
         a.d.) HE RET-iRED TO ThE pALACE. fROM T~-iS eARTh-dRAGON
         YEAR ThE ~HHE-SA sANS-RGYAS RGYAL-MTShAN ACTED AS C-iV-iL OFF-iC-iAL
         (NAR;-SO) FOR TEN YEATS/ W-iTL~qUT OCCUPY-iNG TL-E CHA-iR/ AND
         PASSED AWA~ -iN TL-~ W-iNTER OF ThE f-iRE-fEN1ALE-oX YEAR (ME-
         MO-GLAR;--1457 a.d.). aFTER H-iM RdO RJE R-iN-CHEN DBAN-G-i
         RGYAL-MTSL~AN OCCUP-iED ThE CHA-iR -iN ThE SEVENTh MONTh OF ThE
         YEAR f-iRE-f~MALE-hOG (ME-N1O-PL-AG--1467 a.d.). tH-iS GRE~T
         MONASTERY ~AS A PLACE F-iLLED W-iTh D-iF~ERENT MONKS BELONG-iNG
         TO D-iF~ERENT SECTS/ WHOSE PREACH-iNG AND STUDY CONT-iNUED
         W-iThOUT -iNTCRRUPT-iON/ AS WELL AS A PLACE PRODUC-iNG ALL ThE
         W-iShES OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS. iT WAS A SELF REFUGE FOR PREACHERS/
         WHO WANDERED ABOUT COUNTR-iES. tH-iS GREAT MONASTERY WAS
         FOUNDED -iN ThE YEAR iRON-fEMALE-hARE (LCAGS-MO-YOS--1351
         a.d.)/ 126 YCARS HAV-iNG PASSED S-iNCE ThEN T-iLL ThE YEAR
         f-iRE-mALE-aPE (ME-PHU~SPRE'U--1476 a.d.). tHE cHAPTER
         ON RtSES-ThAN.
            nOW i ShALL REPLY TO QUEST-iOL~S PUT -iN CONNECT-iON W-iTh ThE
         "bLUE aNNALS." tHERE EX-iSTS A D-iSAGREEMENT BETWEEN ThE (D-i~-
         ERENT) ACCOUNTS OF ThE "lATER" pROPAGAT-iON OF ThE dOCTR-iNE. i
         ALSO F-iND -iT D-iFF-iCULT TO L-iLAKE UP MY M-iND. i HAVE COMP-iLED Th-iS
         CHAPTER BAS-iNG MYSELF ON ANC-iENT ACCOUNTS. iN REGARD TO ThE
                                                                         p.1085
         TEACHER ~ROLN WHOM KlU-MES RECE-iVED OR~L-iNAT-iON/ AND ThE
         STORY O~ H-iS LABOURS -iN DBuS AND GtSAR;/ i BEL-iEVE (ThE ACCOUNT)
         COMPOSED BY pA-S-i GnAS-BTTAN TO BE (NEATESR TO TRUTh). i
         FOLLOWED EXCLUS-iVELY ON H-iS VERS-iON/ BECAUSE ThE AUThOR WAS A
         D-iRECT D-iSC-iPLE OF KlU-MES. iN ThAT CHAPTER i HAVE MENT-iONED
         H-iS NALNE. aS REGARDS ThE STORY ThAT ThESE TWO HAD D-iFFERENT
         PRECEPTORS/ i H~VE MERELY REPEATED H-iS (pA-S-i GnAS-BRTAN)
         WORDS. tHE TWO (PRECEPTOTS) SEEM TO HAVE BEEN SbA AND
         L~AG/ S-iNCE ThEY BELONG TO ONE GROUP. i HAVE WR-iTTEN ABOUT
   (10B) ThE (GROUP) O~ ThE "tEN MEN OF DBuS AND GtSAR;" (DBuS-
         GtSAng iN-i-BCU) BAS-iNG MYSELF ON ACCOUNTS BY bU-STON AND
         OThERS. (iN Th-iS QUEST-iON) -iT -iS D-iFF-iCULT FOR ME TO EXPRESS MY
         OWN OP-iN-iON. aCCORD-iNG TO bU-STON ThESE "tEN-mEN" WEREH
         FROM DBuS--ThE f-iVEH KlU-MES/ sUM-PA/ rAG-S-i/ SbA AND
         'bR-ing; ~ROLN GtSAR;H ThE tWO--lO AND tShON/ ThE TWO BROThERS
         'o-BRGYAD AND u-PA-DE-DKAR. aGA-iN ACCORD-iNG TO OThCRS
         ThERE HAVE HEEN E-iGHT ONLYH FROM DBuS--KlU-MES/ sUM-PA;
         ~ROM GtSAR;--lO AND tShOR;; FROM M~A'-R-iS--pA-S-i RdZ-i-DKAR-
         BA--S-iX -iN ALL; ThEN SbA AND rAG. aGA-iN ThCRC ARE SOMC WHO
         ARE O~ ThE OP-iN-iON ThAT 'bR-iR; HAS BEEN 'bR-i RdZ-i-DKAR-BA BECAUSE
         O~ ThE ABSENCE OF ANY MENT-iON O~ TL~E EX-iSTENCE OF WR-iTTEN
         WORKS BY 'bR-i RdZ-i-DKAR-BA -iN mnga'-ris. tHUS i HAVE BASED
         MY ACCOUNT ON STATEMENTS MADE BY OThERS/ AND i DO NOT G-iVE
         ThEM AS MY OWN OP-iN-iON. iT -iS A FACT ThAT -iN DBuS/ KlU-MES/
         sUM-PA AND 'bR-iR; HAVE FOUNDED MONASTER-iES AND MONAST-iC
         COMMUN-iT-iES. kA-BA sHâƒKYA DBAR;-PHYUG WAS AN ABLE D-iSC-iPLE
         OF SbA AND rAG/ WHO WERE MENT-iONED -iN A GROUP. iT -iS ALSO
         TRUE ThAT -iN GtSAN ThE NUMBER OF MONASTER-iES -iNCREASED ThANKS
         TO lO AND tShOR;. (tHESE FACTS) i ACCEPT. hAV-iNG COMP-iLED
         NUMEROUS ACCOUNTS/ i HAVE MENT-iONED ThE AUThORS/ NAMES/
         FOT ThE SAKE OF -iNVEST-iGAT-iON. tHE STORY ThAT ThE LO TSA-BA
         r-iN-CHEN BZAR;-PO/ AGED 13 / HAD BEEN ORDA-iNED BY ThE
         UPâƒDHYAYA yE-SES BZAng-PO -iN mnga' ris PROPER/ -iS FOUND -iN ThE
         B-iOGRAPHY (RNAM-ThAR) OF ThE LO-TSA-BA COMPOSED BY ONE NAMED
         kHR-i- HAN jNANA. aCCORD-iNG TO -iT/ ThE LO-TSA-BA HAD BEEN
         ORDA-iNED -iN ThE YEAR iRON-mALE-hORSE (iCAGS-PHO-RTA--970
                                                                         p.1086
         a.d.). tHE Th-iTD YEAT AFTER Th-iS EVENT/ ThE wATER-fEMALE-
         hEN (CHU-MO-BYA--973 a.d.) -iS ThE F-iRST YEAR OF ThE pER-iOD
         OF ThE "lATER" pROPAGAT-iON OF ThE dOCTR-iNE/ AS STATED -iN ThE
         h-iSTORY OF ThE dOCTR-iNE BY bU-STON r-iN-PO-CHE WHO BASED (H-iS
         OCCOUNT) ON A STORY TOLD BY AN OLD WOMAN (bU-STON cHOS-
         'BYUN/ GsUng-'BUM. wOL xxiw/ yA/ FOL. 136A; "history
         of budd+hism/" TRANSLATED BY e. oBERM-iLLER/ ii/ P.221).
         tHE YEAR eATTh-mALE-t-iGER (SA-PL~O-STAG--978 a.d )/
         WH-iCH WAS ThE F-iFTh YE~R AFTER ThE wATER-fEMALE-hEN YEAR
         (CHU-MO-BYA--973 a d.)/ -iS ThE F-iRST YEAR OF ThE pCR-iOD OF
         ThE "lATER" pROPAGAT-iON (OF ThE dOCTR-iNE) ACCORD-iNGTO 'bROM-
         STON-PA. aGA-iN iN LATER T-iMES aNSA BECAME ThE mASTER OF
   (11A) ThE dOCTR-iNE/ AND ALL BkA'-GDAMS-PAS AGREE ThAT ThE YEAR OF
         aTâŒShA'S COM-iNG w-iLs A hORSE YEAR (RTA-LO)/ BUT ThERE EX-iSTS A
         D-iSAGREEMENT AS TO ThE ELEMENT (DB;LN-TL~AN) OF ThE YEAR. aFTER
         ThOROUGHLY EXAM-iN-iNG ThE B-iOGRAPH-iES OF RgYA-MA-PA/ UNCLE
         AND NE~HEW/ SnE'U-ZUR-PA/ SpYAN-SNj AND SpU-TO-PA/ ONE CAN
         S~ATE ThAT aTâŒSA CAME (TO t-iBET) -iN ThE YEAR wATER-mALE-hORSE
         (CHU-PHO-RTA--1042 a.d.). tH-iS WAS ThE 61.~ YEAR OF aTâŒShA.
         aFTER A M-iNUTE EXAM-iNAT-iON OF ANC-iENT CHRON-iCLES/ i CONS-iDER
         ThE ABOVE ACCOUNT/ AS WELL AS ThE H-iSTORY OF ThE l-iNEAGE FROM
         RJE mAR-PA TO R~OG/ AND ThAT OF m-iD-LA TO SgAM-PO-PA/ TO
         BE REL-iABLE ACCOUNTS. s-iM-iLATLY ThERE -iS NO M-iSTAKE -iN ThC
         NUMBER OF YEARS A~TER MkHON DkON MCHOG RGYAL-PO -iN ThE
         l-iNEAGE OF ThE sA-SKYA-PAS. tHERE EX-iST ALSO MANY OThER
         (ACCOUNTS) -iN WH-iCH ThERE ARE NO M-iSTAKES -iN ThE NUMBER OF
         YELRS. fURThER/ SOME OF ThE OThER ACCOUNTS WERE NARRATED BY
         N~E ACCORD-iNG TO ThE STATEMENTS OF OThER (AUThORS). aGA-iN
         ThERE ATE OThER ACCOUNTS UR-iTTEN BY ME W-iThOUT -iNVEST-iGAT-iNG
         ThEM/ BAS-iNG MYSELF ON STATEMENTS MADE BY OThETS. iN
         ShORT/ i CONS-iDER ThE DATE OF ThE REL-iG-iOUS K-iNG srong-btshon
         sgam-po/ AND ThE DATES OF aT-iSA/ 'bROM AND OThERS/ AS
         WELL AS ThAT OF T~OG/ mASTER OF ThE dOCTR-iNE/ TO BE
         CORRECT. tH-iS MUST BE KEPT -iN M-iND. nOW i ShALL G-iVE
         A CHAPTER ON ThE ONE WHO HAS LABOURED MOST FOR ThE
         SAKE OF ThE PRESENT WORK. tHE PATRON (OF H-iS WORK)
                                                                         p.1087
         WAS ThE KHR-i-DPON (OFF-iCER--iN-CHARGE OF {O/OOO FAM-iL-iES/ CORRES-
         PONDS TO ThE mONGOL TUMEO-U NOYAN) OF bYA NAMED BkRA-
         S-iS DAR-RGYAS/ ENDOWED W-iTL ThE POWER OF EXTR~ORD-iNATY
         ~ORTUNE/ ADORNED W-iTh W-iSDOM/ FA-iTh AL~D GENEROS-iTY. nOW i
         ShALL RELATE H-iS STO~YH
            iN GENERAL/ -iN Th-iS COUNTRY OF t-iBET/ PEOPLE CALL A
         COUNTRY BY ThE NAME OF ThE CLAN WH-iCH OCCUP-iES ThE GREA~ER
         PART OF ThE REG-iON. fOR -iNSTANCE rOG-PA-SA ~A COUNTRY POPU-
         L~TED BY ThE rOG CLAN)/ DgYET-PA-SA (T1 E COUNTRY POPULATE
         BY ThE DgYER CLAN). tHE BORDERLAND OF mA-YUL-RDZON -iN
   (11B) lOWER yAR-KLUNS WAS CALLED ~YA-SA BECAUSE MOST OF -iTS
         -iNaHAH-iTANTS BELONGED TO ThE CLAN OF bYA. iN Th-iS COUNTTY/
         F-iLLED W-iTh ALL K-iNDS OF W-iShES/ L-iVED TWO BROThERS--NA-iNED
         cHOS-KY-i KA-BA/ "p-iLLAR OF rEL-iG-iON" AND H-iS YOUNGER BROThER
         tHOD-PA GyU/-i SM-iN-MA-CAN/ ~'oNE W-iTh TURQUO-iSE EYE-
         BTOWS'/. tHE YOUNGET BROThER HAD TWO SONS--ThE UPâƒDHYâƒY
         RON-TAN-N~CHOG AND bYA ~A-KA. tHE ONE NAMED ThE UPâƒ-
         DHYâƒYA yON-TAN-MCHOG ~AS ORDA-iNED AT 'bR-ing-SDE/ AND ACTED AS
         UPâƒDHYAYA TO OThERS. hE REBU-iLT ThE gAngS-PAR iHA-KHAR; AND
         TOOK OVET ThE FOUR MONASTER-iESH KlOGS -iN GyE/ sA-MThA' -iN
         bYA/ dRO-MDA/ -iN dAGS-PO/ St-iN-MO-M-iG -iN DmYAL/ AND
         CALLED ThEM ThE ~fOUR sONS O~ gAR;S-PAR// (gAngS-PAR-GY-i BU
         BZ-i). i~YA ~A-KA HAD TWO SONSH RdO-RjE LEGS-PA AND RdO-RJE
         DBAN-PHYUG. iN ThE-iR L-iFET-iME ThEY CAME TO DmYAL/ AND
         FOUNDED RgYA-MTShO GROR;-MKHAR. tHE sON O~ RdO-RjE DBAng-
         PHYUG WAS r-iN-CHEN-/OD/ ThE GREAT TEACHER OF bYA-NAG (ThE
         BlA-N]A bYA-NAG CHEN-PO). aT ThE AGE OF 41/ HE MET ThE
         MAHâƒ-PAND-iTA OF kASMâŒRA (sHâƒKYASRâŒBHADRA)/ AND OBTA-iNED
         FROM H-iM MANY DOCTR-iNES/ SUCH AS ThE TWELVE MANDALAS OF
         ThE tANTRA (SbYON-RGYUD/ A BRANCH OF ThE yOGA-tANTRA)/
         AND OThERS. hE ALSO FOLLOWED ON MANY HOLY MEN/ SUCH AS
         RgYAL-BA tHOG-DUGS-PA/ SkYO 'oD-'BYUN/ G~N RtA-RM-iG-PA/
         AND OThERS/ AND WAS LEARNED -iN ALL BRANCHES OF sC-iENCE. hE
         WAS ADOTNED W-iTh SP-iL-iTUAL REAL-iZAT-iON. iN PART-iCULAR/ HE WAS
         ABLE TO CMPLOY AS H-iS ATTENDANTS ThE REL-iG-iOUS PROTECTORS O~ ThE
         tANTRAS/ SUCH AS SpU-GR-i BSKOR-GSUM (ThREE DE-iT-iES OF ThE
                                                                         p.1088
         R~-ing-MA SCHOOL)/ AND OThERS. h-iS FAME ENCOMPASSED ThE
         ENT-iRE sNOW lAND (t-iBET). hE HAD FOUR SP-iR-iTUAL SONSH -iN
         lOWER bYA--MtShAL-SGOM cHOS-LA DGA'-BA; AT lO-RO--rAB-
         DGA'-BA CHEN-PO; AT dAGS-PO--bA-TShO RAS-PA; AT GtAN--
         /u-YUG-PA/ ThE gTEAT.
            tHE FOUR '~OR-iG-iNAL MONASTER-iES/' (RTSA-BA-I SDE-BZ-i)H AT
         DmYAL--cHOS-SGRO GAON-MKHAT; AT GyE sE-BO; AT dAGS--
         nA-MO SL~D; AT bYA~ RgYA-MTShO iHUG-TShAN.
         tHE SON O~ a-M-i bYA-NAG CHEN-PO--bYA ~O-SRAS. h-iS SON
         (WAS) bYA M~tA'-BDAG WHO HAD ThREE SONSH GcEN-PA DgE-
         SLON-PA/ bYA r-iN-CHEN/ AND cHOS-RGYAL-DPAL-BZAN. tHESE ThREE
         WERE KNOWN AS ThE bYA-R-iGS-GSUM MGON-PO (ThE "tHREE lORDS
         Oe bYA").
            DgE-SLON-PA'S SONS WEREH r-iN-CHEN-DPAL/ DbAng-PHYUG R-iN-
         CHEN/ r-iN-CHEN BZAN-PO/ AND dAGS-PO-PA/ GyE/ dAGS. DmYAL/
   (12B) bYA/ AND lO-RO WERE H-iS DEPENDENC-iES/ AND HE OWNED MNCH
         LANDED PROPERTY. bYA r-iN-CHEN RULED OVER GyE/ DmYAL/ bYA/
         dAGS/ AND lO-RO. hE REPE!LED ThE mONGOL TROOPS/ AND WAS
         RECOGN-iSED AS CH-iE~ OF ALL ThE ABOVE LOCAL-iT-iES. hE AND ThE
         MAHAS-iDDHA uR-BRGYAN-PA BECAME PR-iEST AND SUPPORTER.
         h-iS SON WAS kUN-DGA' R-iN-CHEN. h-iS DESCENDANTS WERE
         NUMEROUS/ ANT OWNED MUCH LANDED PROPERTY. tH-iS kUN-
         DGA/ R-iL)-CHEN MET ThE GREAT OFF-iC-iAL (DpON-CHEN) OF sA-SKYA--
         kUN-DGA' BZAng-PO. bYA cHOS-RGYAL-DPAL-BZAN MADE PEACE
         W-iTh ThE mONGOLS. aT ThE AGE OF 12/ HE MET /gTO-MGON
         /pHAGS-PA. hE REQUESTED ~AT-PA kUN-BSOD-PA TO BECOME H-iS
         TEACHET/ AND HEARD FTOM H-iM ALL ThE ThTEE tANTRAS (RgYUD-
         GSUM) TOGEThET W-iTh H-iDDEN PTECEPTS/ ETC. hE BU-iLT ThE
         V-iHATA OT yA@#S-TTSE/ AND PTEPARED A COPY OF ThE BkA/-/GYUR
         WR-iTTEN -iN GOLD. hE GAThERED ThE TAX WH-iCH CONS-iSTED OF ThE
         PRODUCE OF ThE K-iNGDOM/ AND KEPT -iT AT MdZOD-NAG. hE LA-iD
         ThE FOUNDAT-iON OF ThE rOYAL LAW/ AND -iNTTODUCED PERFECT
         ORDET -iN BOTh REL-iG-iOUS AND SECULAR AFFA-iRS/ WH-iCH EXCELLED ThAT
         OF OThER (K-iNGS). h-iS SONS WEREH kUN-DGA' RGYAL-MTShAN-DPAL-
         BZAng-PO/ ThE MAHA-UPâƒDHYAYA SpY-iL-BU-PA/ Mi;~A' -BDAG~HHOS-
         SEN-'OD/ bYA LkUG-PA-DPAL/ AND OThERS. kUN-DGA. RGYAL-
                                                                         p.1089
         N~TShAN PTOCEEDED TO /dAM (NEAR tENGR-i-NUR OR GnAM-MTShO)
         AND REQUESTED ThE DpON-CHEN /oD-ZER SER;-GE TO GRANT H-iN1 AN
         OFL-iC-iAL T-iTLE. tHE LATTER BESTOWED ONE ON H-iM. tHE OFF-iC-iAL
         cHOS-RGYAL-DPAL-BZAN OF SgU-RAB-PA ALSO REVERED H-iM. tHE
         -iT~C-iD;NT OF RtA'U-RA-PA ALSO TOOK PLACE -iN H-iS T-iME. aFTER
         H-iM DpAL-MGON RDO-RJE AND H-iS SON dRUN BlO-GROS RULED OVER
         ThE REG-iON. a~TER ThEN~/ ThE SON OF kUN-DGA' RGYAL-mTShAN--
         RgYA-MA-PA kL~N-DGA' BSOD NAMS RULED OVER H-iS AND ThE MONAS-
         TER-iES' SUBJECTS. aFTER H-iM M~A/ BDAG cHOS-SER;/ SON OF
         cHOS-RGYAL-TPAL-BZAR; AND ThE QUEEN OF 'bT-i-KHUN/ WAS APPO-iN-
         TED OFF-iC-iAL OF bYA AND dAGS BY /bR-i-KHUN-PA. h-iS SON WAS
         ThE MAHA-UPâƒDHAYA tShUL-KHR-iMS BZAN-PO. wHEN HE WAS
         ACT-iAG AS ABBOT OF zANS-PO-CHE/ AT ThE UNAN-iMOUS REQUEST OF
   (12B) ThE LOCAL -iNaHAB-iTANTS HE MOUNTED ThC ThRONE OF yAR;~RTSE/ AND
         LABOURED FOR ThE GOOD OF ThE dOCTR-iNE/ AND ThE WELFARE OF
         L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS. hE TOOK UNDER H-iS PROTECT-iON ALL ThE MONAS-
         TER-iES/ ThE-iR SERFS AND ThE LOCAL -iNaHAH-iTANTS. aFTER H-iN1/ H-iS
         SON DkON-MCHOG BZAR;-PO/ ThE HOLDER OF ThE TEL-iG-iOUS AND
         SECULAR DOMA-iNS/ WAS APPO-iNTED O~-iC-iAL BY H-iS ~AThET. h-iS SON
         BkRA-S-iS DPAL-BZAN STUD-iET -iN H-iS YOU~H AT RtSES-ThAR;. hE
         HELD A PERFECT FEST-iVAL OF PREACH-iNG. ~HOS-RGYAL gRAGS-PA
         RGYAL-MTShAN APPO-iNTED H-iM AS KHR-i-DPON (OeC-iAL -iN CHARGE
         OF LO/OOO FAM-iL-iES) OF bYA PA. h-iS SONS WEREH RgYAL-BA
         BkRA-S-iS/ ~AKYA DPALN1GON/ tHU~PA RGYAL-MTShAN/ AND OThERS.
         RgYAL-BA BkRA-S-iS PROCEEDET TO SnE-GDON. hE BECAME AN
         ATTENDANT OF ThE SUPER-iOT gRAG~PA (gOR;-MA gRAGS-PA 'BYUR;-
         GNAS). fROM SnE-GDON HE WAS APPO-iNTED KHR-i-DPON OF bYA-
         PA. h-iS YOUNGER BROThER sHâƒKYA DPAL-MGON WAS ORDA-iNED BY
         ThE MAHA-UPADHAYA yON~BAN/ AND CONDUCTED STUD-iES. s-iNCE
         ThE T-iME OF H-iS APPO-iNTMENT AS ABBOT OF zAR;S-PO-CHE/ HE
         CONT-iNUED TO PETFORNL V-iRTUOUS DEEDS OF BENEF-iT TO ThE dOCTR-iNE
         OF bUDDHA. tHE SONS OF RgYAL-BA BkRA-S-iS WEREH bYA BkRA-
         S-iS DAR-RGYAS/ pADMA BLtAMS-MCHOG RGYAL-PO (ALSO RtA-N~CHOG
         RGYAL-PO)/ ThE -iNCARNAT-iON OF SgO~C-iG-PA/ bYA tShE-DBAN RGYAL-
         PO/ BSkAL-BZANGS cHOS-KY-i RGYA-MTShO BsOD-NAMS MAN-ThOS
         DBAN-P~-I SDE/ AND bYA nOR-BU RGYA-MTShO. bYA BkRA-S-iS DAR-
                                                                         p.1090
         RGYAS MARR-iED ThE pT-iNCESS NAMED RdO-RJE gO~DKAR-N~A. ~HHOS-
         RGYAL nOR-BU BKRA-S-iS M-i-/GYUT DBAR;-PO/-i SDE AND H-iS BROThER
         gTAGS-PA RGY~L-MTShAN DPAL BZANG-PO WERE BORN TO ThEM.
         bYA BkRA-S-iS DAR-RGYAS LCGS-PA/-i RGYAL-PO pHYOGS-TL AMS CAD-LAS
         RNAM-PA~ RGYAL-BA DBAR;-PO/-i SDC hE WAS APPO-iNTED KHT-i-DPON
         OF lH~RGYUD (ThE sOUThCRN rCG-iON) AFTCR (ThE DEATh) OF H-iS
         FAThER BY ORDER OF ThC K-iNG RdO-RJE r-iN-CHEN DBAN-G-i RGYAL-PO
         OF RtSE~ThAN. aGA-iN/ FROM SnE-GDOR; (NAME O~ ThE PALACE OF
         ThE t-iBETAN K-iNGS) HE OBTA-iNED ThE OFF-iC-iAL T-iTLE (BKOS) OF /~A/-SA
         (<mONGOL ~ASA~) AND ThE OFF-iC-iAL ROBE. hE RULED OVET
         ThE bYA-PAS. h-iS DEEDS AND FAME WCRE GREAT -iN BOTh ThE
         TEL-iG-iOUS AND SECULAR SPHERES. eACH OF ThE KHR-i-DPONS OF
         bYA-PA WERE ENDOWED W-iTh GREAT FAME. tHE K-iNG (SA-SKYON)/
         WHO ENJOYED BOTh ThE RCL-iG-iOUS AND SECULAR SPHERES/ AS HE
         WOULD A SUMMCR STREAM/ AT ThE SUGGEST-iON OF ThE DpAL-LDAN
         L~TSA-BA CHEN-PO BsOD-NAMS TGYA-MTShO/-i SDE/ WHO WAS A
         GREAT AND ALL-KNOW-iNG lORD ENDOWCD W-iTh A PERFCCT V-iS-iON
         BEFORE WH-iCH ALL ThE SCR-iPTURES OF ThE j-iNA WERE REVEALED/ A
   (13A) S-iDDHESVARA WHO HAD RCAL-iZED ThE SAHAJA-JNANA/ ARRANGED FOR
         ThE PAY-iNG. OF EXPCNSES AND LABOUR -iN A WAY WH-iCH D-iD NOT
         CONTRAD-iCT ThE dOCTR-iNE. iN ThE BEG-iNN-iNG ThE COPY-iSTS (PAR-
         Y-iG) WERE PA-iD BY DpAL RdO-RJE BDE-MA WHO PATRON-iZCD -iMPAR-
         T-iALLY D-iFFERCNT REL-iG-iOUS SCCTS. iN lHUN-GRUB lHA-RTSC/ A D-iS-
         TR-iCT OF DBuS/ ThE HOLY KALYAR!A-M-iTRA DpAL ~HO~KY-i TGYAL-
         MTShAN/ WHO WAS A FOLLOWER OF ThE TEACH-iNG OF ThC wENERABLE
         oNE (BsOD-NAMS RGYA-MTShO/-i-SDC) AND ThE MAHA-SThAV-iRA
         DgE-LCGS DPAL-MGON/ ENDOWED W-iTh W-iSDOM AND CHARACTER-iZED
         BY STR-iCTNESS AND PROPR-iETY/ CORRECTED (ThE TEXT~/ AS DES-iTED BY
         ThE wENERABLE GREAT LO-TSA-BA. sAR dAGS-PO-PA DpAL-PHYOGS
         ThAM~CAD-LAS RNAM-PAR TGYAL-BA-I LHA WHO WAS ENDOWCD W-iTh
         ThE FACULTY OF G-iV-iNG A LOG-iCAL AND F~CE -iNTERPRETAT-iON OF ALL
         ThE VEH-iCLES OF ThE tANTRAS AND sUTRAS/ SUPER~R-iSED ThE PROPER
         EXECUT-iON OF ThE ~VORK.
            tHE HEAD cOPY-iST (Y-i-GE/-i R-iG-BYED-~A~ WAS ~-i-SAR BkRA-S-iS/
         A NAT-iVE O~ dOL/ WH-iCH WAS A SOURCC OF KNOWLEDGE (R-iG-PA-I
         'BYUN-GNAS~. tHC CH-iEF HLOCK-MAKER (BRKO~KY-i R-iG-BYED-PA)
                                                                         p.1091
         WAS ONE NAMED gRAGS-PA RGYAL--iUTShAN. tHE DCXTER/-iTY OF H-iS
         AND H-iS D-iSC-iPLES/ HANDS ShOWED -iTSELF -iN Th-iS V-iRTUOUS WORK.
         tHEY STARTED ThE WCRK -iN ThE YEAR iRON-fEMALE-oX (iCAGS-MO-
         GLAN--1481 a.d.)/ AND COMPLETED -iT AT ThE GREAT pALACE CALLED
         cHOS-RGYAL LHUN-PO HL A D-iSTR-iCT OF DmYAL/ WH-iCH ~S ThE
         ESSENCE OF ThE LAND AND A PLACE WHERE ThE STRE~MS OF MOST
         EXCELLENT PROSPER-iTY HAD MERGED -iNTO EACH OThER.
               bY V-iRTUE OF Th-iS MAY ThE pREC-iOUS dOCTR-iNE OF
                 ThE j-iNA L-iVE LONG!
               mAY ThE hOLY mEN/ HOLDERS OF ThE dOCTR-iNE/ L-iVE LONG!
               mAY ThE MONAST-iC COMMUN-iTY OBSERVE ThE hOLY dOCTR-iNE
                 BY DAY AND BY N-iGHT!
               mAY ThE SUPPORTERS AND ThE-iR RET-iNUES RULE ACCORD-iNG
                 TO ThE dOCTR-iNE!
               mAY ThE K-iNGDOM L-iVE W-iThOUT -iNTERNAL STR-iFE!
               mAY WE -iN OUR NEXT L-iVES MEET ThE hOLY mEN AND
                 ThE KALYâƒnA-M-iTRAS!
               mAY WE ~ABOUT EXTENS-iVLY FOR ThE dOCTR-iNE OF ThE bUDDHA!
            tHE cHAPTER ON ThE EXECUT-iON OF ThE BLOCK-PR-iNT ED-iT-iON (OF
         ThE "blue annals").
               rEST-iNG ON ThC GOLDEN FOUNDAT-iON (GSER-GY-i SA-GZL) OF
                 ThE BLESS-iNG OF ThE gREAT mERC-iFUL oNE (aVALOK-iTESVARA)/
               sURROUNDED BY MAJEST-iC SNOW MOUNTA-iNS/
               wHERE ETERNAL STREAMS OF MONKS iQOW FROM ThE aNAV~TAPTA
               (mA-DROS-PA) lAKE OF mORAL-iTY/
               wH-iCH HAD REMOVED ThE HEAT OF DEF-iLEMENT AND -iS F-iLLED
                 W-iTh JEWELS OF PREACH-iNG AND MED-iTAT-iON/
               wHERE ThE mOUNT aSVAMUKHA (N. OF AN -iRON RAA~E) OF
                 SCHOLARS -iS SOUHD-iNG ThE M-iGHTY BLAST OF ThE dOCTR-iNE/
               wHERE L-iES ThE SOURCE OF ALL GOODNESS/
               tH-iS lAND OF sNOWS (t-iBET)/ S-iM-iLAR TO A GREAT OCEAN/
                 DESERVES TO BE PRA-iSED BY SCHOLARS.
               tHE STORY OF ThE iMMACULATE pREC-iOUS dOCTR-iNE OF
                 ThE j-iNA/ HANDED DOWN FROM hOLY mEN TO hOLY mEN/
               i HAVE ThREAD ON A STR-iNG OF LETTERS/
                                                                         p.1092
                 -iN ORDER ThAT ThEY MAY BE SEEN BY PEOPLE ENDOWED
                 W-iTh ThE EYE OF w-iSDOM.
               bY V-iRTUE OF Th-iS/ MAY ALL L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS DR-iNK ThE
                 NECTAR OF ThE dOCTR-iNE OF ThE j-iNA!
               mAY ThE ETERNAL DEEDS OF ThE jEWEL OF ThE aLL-kRLOW-iNG/
                 ThE tREASURY OF ALL mER-iTS/ ENTER -iNTO ThEM!
               aS AN -iMAGE OF ThE bUDDHA/ EVEN -iF MADE OF STONE/
                 WOOD OR CLAY/ OUGHT TO BE AN OBJECT OF DEVOT-iON/
               eVEN SO/ ThE dOCTT-iNE/ WH-iCH HAD BECOME A MERE ShADOW/
                 BECAUSE OF ThE iRON aGE/ OUGHT TO BE WORSh-iPPED BY
                 ALL L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS (Th-iS VERSE -iS EV-iDENTLY A PARAPHRASE
                 OF ThE WELL-KNOWN SECOND VERSE OF nAGARJUNA'S sUHr-iLLEKHA
                 AS AN -iMAGE OF ThE sUGATA/ EVEN -iF ONLY MADE OF WOOD/
                 -iS HONOURED BY ThE W-iSE/ SO ALSO MY POEM/ EVEN -iF HUMBLE/
                 -iS WORThY TO BE L-iSTENED TO/ BASED ON ThE EXPOS-iT-iON OF 
                 ThE gOOD lAW/' tG. pHR-iN-Y-iG/ nO. 4182; TRANSLATED BY
                 h. wENZEL -iN ThE jptsh/ 1886/ PP. 2-32).
               mAY Th-iS CAUSE ThE pREC-iOUS dOCTR-iNE OF ThE j-iNA TO SPREAD BY
                 EVERY MEANS/ -iN ALL D-iRECT-iONS/ AND MAY -iT L-iVE LONG!
               tH-iS h-iSTORY OF ThE SPREAD OF ThE dOCTR-iNE AND ThAT OF ThE
                 PREACHERS -iN t-iBET WAS COMP-iLED BY ThE MONK GzON-NU-APAL/
                 ThE PREACHER/ -iN ThE YEAR eARTh mALE-dOG (SA-PH~KHY-i--1478
                 a.d.)/ ThE 850Th YEAR S-iNCE ThE B-iRTh OF ThE REL-iG-iOUS K-iNG
                 srong btshan sgam-po (HERE AGA-iN 'gos-lo tsha-ba CONS-iDERS
                 ThE YEAR 629 a.d. TO BE ThE YEAR OF srong-btshan sgam-po'S
                 B-iRTh (-iN ThE (MONASTERY) OF cHOS RDZOR;/ ThE aBODE OF
                 hAPP-iNESS/ WHERE NATURAL AMRTA FLOWS NEAR TO ThE GROVE OF
                 DpAL kUN-TU BZANG PO (sAMANTABHADRA).
               sALUTAT-iON TO ThE tHREE jEWELS!
               oF ThOSE Th-iNGS WH-iCH SPR-iNG FROM A CAUSE
               tHE CAUSE HAS BEEN TOLD BY ThE tAThAGATA.
               aND ThE-iR SUPPRESS-iON L-iKEW-iSE
                 ThE GREAT gAUTAMANA HAS REVEALED.
               (yE DHARMA HETUPRABHAVA HETUN TESâƒN tAThâƒGATO HY AVADATJ
                TESâƒN CA YO N-iRCDHO EVAMVâƒDL MAHâƒSRAN1An/AH()
                ~UBHARN ASTU SARVAJAGATAM~
                                                                         p.1093
               mAY ThE wHOLE wORLD BE HAPPY!
               oM- SVAST-i.
            tH-iS TREASUTY OF GOOD WORDS (CONTA-iN-iNG) ThE H-iSTORY OF
         ThE dREAT SYSTEMS OF ThE -iMPATT-iAL dOCTT-iNE -iN aRYAVARTA AND
         t-iBET/ ThE OT-iG-iN OF ThE dOCTT-iNE AND ThAT OF MEN WHO FOLLOW-
         ED -iT/ WAS COMP-iLED BY ThE EXCELLENT SCHOLAR /gO~LO G~ON-NU-
         DPAL. tH-iS NECKLACC OF ALL W-iSE FORTUNATE ONES/ -iS CALLED ThE
         "blue annals" (dEB-ThET SNON-PO).
            tHE PR-iNT-iNG BLOCKS ATE NOWADAYS KEPT AT ThE (MONASTERY) OF
         DgA'-LDAN BRTAN-BZUGS CHOS-'KHOR/ BETTER KNOWN BY ThE NAME
         OF DBuS GtSAN kUN-BDE-GL-iN (oNE OF ThE FOUR CH-iEF GL-iN(GL-iN-
         BZ-i(OF lHA-SA)/ (S-iTUATED) -iN ThE V-iC-iN-iTY O~ ThE gOVERNMENT
         SEAT TO lHA-SA.
            mAY ThE DEEDS BENEF-iC-iAL TO L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS -iNCREASE T-iLL ThE END
         OF ThE wORLD.
            mAY ThE -iNEXHAUST-iBLE V-iRTUE/ ENCOMPASS-iNG A W-iDE AREA/
         -iNCREASE PERPETUALLY ACCORD-iNG TO ThE W-iShES (OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS).
         tHE ANC-iENT BLOCK-PR-iNT ED-iT-iON OF ThE h-iSTORY/ CALLED ThE
         "blue annals/" WAS PRESERVED AT yAN~PA-CAN. aT ThE
         T-iME OF ThE t-iBETAN-nEPALESE wAR (ThE wAR OF 1792 a.d.)/
         SOME OF ThE PR-iNT-iNG BLOCKS HAV-iNG BEEN LOST/ WE HAVE PREPARED
         NEW ONES TO REPLACE ThEM. wE ALSO REPLACED BY NEW ONES ThOSE
         WH-iCH HAD BECOME UNCLEAR/ -iN ThE -iNTEREST OF L-iV-iNG BE-iNGS/
         AND DEPOS-iTED ThE PR-iNT-iNG BLOCKS AT ThE (MONASTE~Y) OF DBuS-
         GtSAN kUN-BDE-GL-iN. tH-iS COLOPHON AND ThE WORDS OF ThE
         SOLEMN W-iSh (PRAN-iDH-i) WERE COMPOSED BY RtA-TShAG-PA yE-SES
         BLO BZAN BStAN-PA-I MGON-PO.
            tHE TOTAL OF PAGES (-iN Th-iS VOLUME 3-485.