english introduction "jEWEL OF ThE tRUE tHOUGHT" -iS AN -iMPORTANT NEW TREAT-iSE ON ThE CONCEPT OF VAL-iD PERCEPT-iON ("PRAMANA" OR "TSAD-MA") -iN bUDDH-iST PH-iLOSOPHY. iTS AUThOR -iS ThE VENERABLE gEShE yEShE wANGCHUK/ AN EM-iNENT SCHOLAR FROM ThE sERA mEY COLLEGE OF sERA t-iBETAN mONAST-iC uN-iVERS-iTY. tHE WORK HAS ALREADY TAKEN -iTS PLACE -iN ThE COMMENTAR-iAL TRAD-iT-iON OF bUDDH-iST L-iTERATURE. sUBJECT OF ThE wORK tHE STUDY OF VAL-iD PERCEPT-iON -iS OF V-iTAL -iMPORTANCE -iN bUDDH-iST PH-iLOSOPHY/ FOR -iT -iS Th-iS PERCEPT-iON WH-iCH ALLOWS US TO DETERM-iNE ThE REAL NATURE OF ThE WORLD AROUND US AND ThEREBY ESCAPE PA-iN/ WHEThER -iT BE -iN ThE FORM OF A M-iLD HEADACHE/ OR ANX-iETY/ OR ANY UNDES-iRABLE OBJECT AT ALL/ ON UP TO DEATh -iTSELF. tH-iS REAL NATURE OF ThE WORLD MUST BE PERCE-iVED NOT ONLY W-iTh OUR D-iRECT PHYS-iCAL AND MENTAL SENSES/ BUT BY -iND-iRECT METhODS SUCH AS REASON-iNG/ WH-iCH ALLOWS OUR M-iNDS TO SEE -iMPORTANT CONCEPTS SUCH AS ThE BENEF-iT OF BE-iNG MORAL. tHEREFORE ThE STUDY OF PERCEPT-iON -iS T-iED TO ThE STUDY OF REASON-iNG/ OR LOG-iC--AND ThESE FORM ThE CORE OF ThE SUBJECT MATTER OF ThE "cOMMENTARY ON wAL-iD pERCEPT-iON/" ThE CLASS-iCAL TEXT WH-iCH Th-iS BOOK EXPLA-iNS. tHE cOMMENTAR-iAL tRAD-iT-iON tHE "cOMMENTARY ON wAL-iD pERCEPT-iON" ("pRAMANAVARTT-iKA/" OR "tSAD-MA RNAM-'GREL") -iS A WORK -iN FOUR CHAPTERS BY ThE iND-iAN bUDDH-iST MASTER/ dHARMAK-iRT-i. aS W-iTh MANY EARLY bUDDH-iST SAGES/ WE KNOW L-iTTLE OF H-iS L-iFE OR EVEN ThE DATES ThAT HE L-iVED; wESTERN SCHOLARS PLACE H-iM AT AROUND 630 ad/ ALThOUGH EVEN Th-iS -iS UNCERTA-iN. tHE "VAL-iD PERCEPT-iON" -iN ThE T-iTLE OF H-iS MASTERWORK REFERS TO ANOThER TREAT-iSE/ ThE cOMPEND-iUM ON wAL-iD pERCEPT-iON (pRAMANASAMUCCAYA/ OR tSAD-MA KUN-BTUS)/ AND mASTER dHARMAK-iRT-i'S TEXT -iS ACTUALLY A DEFENSE OF Th-iS P-iECE. tHE cOMPEND-iUM WAS -iTSELF COMPOSED BY mASTER d-iGNAGA/ WHO -iS CONS-iDERED ThE FAThER OF ThE bUDDH-iST LOG-iC TRAD-iT-iONS AND -iS DATED BY wESTERN SCHOLARS AT AROUND 440 ad/ ALThOUGH AGA-iN ThERE -iS CONS-iDERABLE UNCERTA-iNTY/ AND ACCORD-iNG TO TRAD-iT-iON HE WAS A D-iRECT TEACHER OF mASTER iSVARASENA/ WHO -iS SA-iD TO HAVE BEEN ThE D-iRECT TEACHER OF mASTER dHARMAK-iRT-i. tHE PH-iLOSOPHER d-iGNAGA WAS FOR H-iS PART COMMENT-iNG UPON ThE CONCEPTS OF PERCEPT-iON AND LOG-iC PRESENTED -iN ThE TEACH-iNGS OF sHAKYAMUN-i bUDDHA/ WHO L-iVED 500 bc. aND SO ThE L-iNEAGE GOES FROM ThE bUDDHA/ TO mASTER d-iGNAGA/ TO mASTER dHARMAK-iRT-i/ AND ThEN ON TO ThE EARLY iND-iAN EXPLANAT-iONS OF mASTER dHARMAK-iRT-i/ -iNCLUD-iNG H-iS OWN AUTOCOMMENTARY. lOOK-iNG BACKWARDS FROM OUR PRESENT T-iME/ -iT -iS TYP-iCAL FOR A MODERN t-iBETAN COMMENTATOR OF ThE gELUKPA TRAD-iT-iON TO BASE H-iS WORK ON ONE OF ThE MONAST-iC TEXTBOOKS/ TYP-iCALLY WR-iTTEN -iN ThE 17Th OR 18Th CENTUR-iES FOR ThE CURR-iCULUM OF A SPEC-iF-iC MONAST-iC COLLEGE. tHESE TEXTBOOKS ARE ThEMSELVES BASED ON A PRECED-iNG GENERAT-iON OF COMMENTAR-iES COMPOSED -iN ThE 15Th CENTURY BY tSONGKAPA ThE gREAT (1357-1419) OR BY ONE OF ThE SCHOLARS OF H-iS -iMMED-iATE SCHOOL. hERE TWO -iMPORTANT WORKS ARE ThE jEWEL OF rEASON-iNG (tSAD-MA R-iGS-RGYAN) OF ThE f-iRST dALA-i lAMA/ gYALWA gENDUN dRUP (1391-1474)/ AND l-iGHT ON ThE pATh TO fREEDOM (tHAR-LAM GSAL- BYED) BY gYALTSAB jE (1362-1432)/ WHO WAS ThE GREAT F-iRST REGENT OF jE tSONGKAPA'S SCHOOL. tHESE TEXTS ARE BASED ON ThE iND-iAN COMMENTAR-iES TO mASTER dHARMAK-iRT-i'S WORK/ AND ThUS ThE ENT-iRE COMMENTAR-iAL TRAD-iT-iON STRETCHES ThROUGH 25 CENTUR-iES/ FROM sHAKYAMUN-i bUDDHA UP TO ThE GREAT t-iBETAN PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL MASTERS OF OUR OWN T-iME. aBOUT ThE aUThOR wERY FEW PEOPLE AL-iVE TODAY ARE CAPABLE OF EVEN READ-iNG AND COMPREHEND-iNG ThE cOMMENTARY ON wAL-iD pERCEPT-iON/ SO WE ARE FORTUNATE TO HAVE -iN gEShE yEShE wANGCHUK A SCHOLAR WHO -iS MOREOVER QUAL-iF-iED TO WR-iTE A COMMENTARY ThAT G-iVES US A DOOR TO TRAVEL BACK -iNTO ThE -iNCREAS-iNGLY MORE D-iFF-iCULT EARL-iER EXPLANAT-iONS. gYALTSAB jE'S l-iGHT ON ThE pATh/ FOR EXAMPLE/ -iS SO DEEP AND PACKED W-iTh ANALYS-iS ThAT ONLY A HANDFUL OF STUDENTS -iN ThE TRAD-iT-iONAL MONAST-iC CURR-iCULUM EVER GET FURThER ThAN ThE SECOND OF -iTS FOUR CHAPTERS/ DESP-iTE ThE FACT ThAT A MONTh OF -iNTENSE DEBATE -iS DEVOTED TO ThE BOOK EVERY YEAR -iN ThE COURSE OF A MONK'S PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL STUD-iES/ WH-iCH TAKE UP TO TWO DECADES. aND W-iThOUT UNDERSTAND-iNG Th-iS GENERAT-iON OF COMMENTAR-iES/ -iT -iS D-iFF-iCULT TO GRASP ACCURATELY ThE iND-iAN COMMENTAR-iES/ W-iThOUT WH-iCH ThE OR-iG-iNAL SUTRAS CAN HARDLY BE APPREC-iATED -iN DEPTh. gEShE yEShE wANGCHUK WAS BORN -iN 1928 -iN ThE tARLAM REG-iON OF kHAM/ EASTERN t-iBET/ AND ENTERED ThE MONAST-iC L-iFE AT ThE AGE OF E-iGHT. wHEN HE WAS F-iFTEEN HE TRAVELLED TO lHASA/ ThE NAT-iONAL CAP-iTAL/ AND ENTERED ThE sERA mEY COLLEGE OF sERA mONAST-iC uN-iVERS-iTY/ CONS-iDERED ONE OF ThE GREATEST EDUCAT-iONAL -iNST-iTUT-iONS OF ThE COUNTRY. fOR SEVENTEEN YEARS HE DEVOTED H-iMSELF TO AN -iNTENSE STUDY OF ThE CLASS-iCAL TEXTS OF bUDDH-iSM/ W-iNN-iNG HONORS -iN EVERY AREA OF ThE TRAD-iT-iONAL CURR-iCULUM. hE BECAME AN ACCOMPL-iShED DEBATER/ AND GAVE SUCCESSFUL DEFENSES OF H-iS KNOWLEDGE -iN PUBL-iC ORAL EXAM-iNAT-iONS AT EVERY ONE OF ThE GREAT gELUKPA COLLEGES. aT AN EARLY PO-iNT -iN H-iS SCHOLAST-iC CAREER HE HAD ALREADY TAKEN ON STUDENTS OF H-iS OWN. h-iS KNOWLEDGE WAS NOT GA-iNED W-iThOUT GREAT EFFORT. hE WOULD DEVOTE LONG AND T-iRELESS HOURS TO ThE COLLEGE DEBATE GROUND/ WHERE STUDENT MONKS MEET TO REV-iEW ThE-iR DA-iLY LESSONS -iN HEATED PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL DEBATES. h-iS FREE T-iME WAS G-iVEN ALMOST ENT-iRELY TO MEMOR-iZAT-iON OF ThE GREAT PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL TEXTS/ A TRAD-iT-iONAL REQU-iREMENT OF A MONK'S TRA-iN-iNG. hE WOULD REC-iTE H-iS TEXTS FROM MEMORY LATE -iNTO ThE N-iGHT/ AND TO KEEP H-iMSELF FROM FALL-iNG ASLEEP WOULD PERCH H-iGH -iN A TREE/ OR ON A LARGE BOULDER/ WHERE ThE SELF--iMPOSED PUN-iShMENT FOR DOZ-iNG OFF WOULD BE A NASTY FALL. iN Th-iS MANNER gEShE wANGCHUK WAS ABLE TO COMM-iT TO MEMORY L-iTERALLY ThOUSANDS OF PAGES OF ThE OR-iG-iNAL WORKS/ AND BECAME SOMETh-iNG OF A WALK-iNG ENCYCLOPED-iA. aS A RESULT OF H-iS PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL ACUMEN AND VAST STORE OF KNOWLEDGE/ HE RECE-iVED H-iGHEST HONORS -iN ThE F-iNAL EXAM-iNAT-iONS ThAT MARK ThE END OF ThE LONG COURSE TO BECOME A gEShE/ OR MASTER OF bUDDH-iST PH-iLOSOPHY. iN ThE D-iFF-iCULT PER-iOD FOLLOW-iNG ThE LOSS OF t-iBET/ gEShE wANGCHUK SUFFERED GREATLY. hE WAS -iMPR-iSONED FOR SOME T-iME AND ThEN/ DUR-iNG ThE "cULTURAL" rEVOLUT-iON/ ASS-iGNED TO HARD LABOR. iN 1977 HE WAS APPO-iNTED TO ThE bUREAU OF cULTURAL pRESERVAT-iON/ WHERE HE DEVOTED H-iMSELF TO A RESEARCH OF WR-iTTEN AND PHYS-iCAL ANT-iQU-iT-iES. hE HAS TRAVELLED TO cH-iNA ON VAR-iOUS OCCAS-iONS AND/ W-iTh ThE RELAXAT-iON OF SOME OF ThE PREV-iOUS RESTR-iCT-iONS/ HAS V-iS-iTED jAPAN AND iND-iA. iN RECENT YEARS gEShE wANGCHUK HAS MADE EXCEPT-iONAL EFFORTS TO HELP PRESERVE ThE bUDDH-iST REL-iG-iON -iN t-iBET. hE HAS PLAYED A LEAD-iNG ROLE -iN ThE RESTORAT-iON OF ThE L-iTERARY CLASS-iCS OF ThE COUNTRY/ AND HAS SERVED -iN bE-iJ-iNG AS A UN-iVERS-iTY PROFESSOR OF bUDDH-iST PH-iLOSOPHY/ AS WELL AS PERFORM-iNG ThE DUT-iES OF A TRAD-iT-iONAL LAMA BY TEACH-iNG MANY STUDENTS -iN lHASA AND OThER PARTS OF t-iBET. hE ALSO ASS-iSTED ThE LATE pANCHEN lAMA -iN H-iS EFFORTS TO GA-iN ThE RELEASE OF ThE MANY MONKS -iMPR-iSONED DUR-iNG DEMONSTRAT-iONS FOR A FREE t-iBET. aMONG ThE NOTABLE EVENTS OF H-iS L-iFE/ gEShE wANGCHUK -iNCLUDES ThE TRAD-iT-iONAL ACTS OF GENEROS-iTY HE HAS PERFORMED FOR MONKS AND MONASTER-iES DUR-iNG H-iS TR-iPS TO iND-iA. dESP-iTE H-iS L-iM-iTED MEANS/ HE HAS MADE DONAT-iONS TO HELP BU-iLD NEW TEMPLES AND SUPPORT NEEDY REFUGEE MONKS. tHE MOST -iMPORTANT PART OF ANY bUDDH-iST'S L-iFE -iS ThE SUCCESS OF H-iS RELAT-iONSh-iP W-iTh H-iS SP-iR-iTUAL -iNSTRUCTORS/ AND -iN H-iS AUTOB-iOGRAPHY gEShE wANGCHUK DESCR-iBES H-iS STUD-iES UNDER SOME Th-iRTY GREAT REL-iG-iOUS TEACHERS. iN H-iS USUAL MODEST WAY HE CONCLUDES ThAT "oN ThE GOOD S-iDE/ i HAVE NEVER ONCE -iN MY L-iFE DEPRECATED ONE OF MY LAMAS; AND YET/ ON ThE BAD S-iDE/ i DON'T FEEL ThAT i WAS ABLE TO PAY PROPER SERV-iCE TO ANY ONE OF ThEM E-iThER." gEShE wANGCHUK HAS COMPOSED A GREAT MANY OR-iG-iNAL WORKS. iN H-iS STUDENT DAYS HE WROTE A EULOGY OF jE tSONGKAPA AND ESSAYS ON D-iFF-iCULT PO-iNTS OF ThE mADHYAM-iKA AND wA-iBHAS-iKA SCHOOLS OF bUDDH-iST ThOUGHT; ALL ThESE PAPERS WERE DESTROYED -iN ThE UPHEAVAL DUR-iNG ThE LOSS OF t-iBET. tHROUGHOUT ThE 1960S HE CONT-iNUED WR-iT-iNG ON VAR-iOUS SUBJECTS/ BUT AGA-iN ThESE MANUSCR-iPTS WERE ALL BURNED DUR-iNG ThE CHAOT-iC "cULTURAL" rEVOLUT-iON. s-iNCE Th-iS T-iME HE HAS BEEN A PROL-iF-iC WR-iTER/ PUBL-iSh-iNG WORKS ON ThE COMPARAT-iVE STUDY OF ThE CLASS-iCAL PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL SCHOOLS OF bUDDH-iSM; AN H-iSTOR-iCAL ESSAY OF 21 GREAT t-iBETAN MONASTER-iES; NUMEROUS ART-iCLES -iN bUDDH-iST JOURNALS; VERSED PET-iT-iONS AND PRAYERS TO EM-iNENT LAMAS; AND A SUMMARY OF ThE 500-YEAR H-iSTORY OF sERA mEY cOLLEGE. iN ThE PAST FEW YEARS/ gEShE wANGCHUK HAS BEEN ALLOWED TO TRAVEL OUTS-iDE OF t-iBET FOR EXTENDED TEACH-iNG TOURS/ AND HAS GREATLY BENEF-iTTED ThE STUDENTS AND TEACHERS OF ThE t-iBETAN REFUGEE COMMUN-iTY -iN iND-iA. w-iTh-iN ThE LAST YEAR HE HAS G-iVEN AN EXTENS-iVE PUBL-iC D-iSCOURSE ON ThE ENT-iRE TEXT OF l-iBERAT-iON -iN oUR hANDS/ AN -iMMENSE DESCR-iPT-iON OF ThE LAM-R-iM OR STEPS ON ThE PATh TO ENL-iGHTENMENT/ COMPOSED BY ThE -iLLUSTR-iOUS pABONGKA r-iNPOCHE/ dECHEN nY-iNGPO. hE HAS ALSO FOUND T-iME TO G-iVE PUBL-iC TEACH-iNGS ON ThE SUBJECTS OF LOG-iC AND VAL-iD PERCEPT-iON SET FORTh -iN ThE PRESENT BOOK. iT -iS GREATLY HOPED ThAT HE W-iLL ENJOY ThE FREEDOM AND HEALTh TO CONT-iNUE Th-iS GREAT WORK. tHE DETA-iLS OF gEShE wANGCHUK'S L-iFE MENT-iONED HERE HAVE BEEN SUMMAR-iZED FROM A BR-iEF AUTOB-iOGRAPH-iCAL WORK CURRENTLY UNDER PUBL-iCAT-iON BY ThE PRESS OF sERA mEY cOLLEGE. tHE F-iNAL PAGES OF Th-iS TEXT CONTA-iN EXQU-iS-iTE VERSES ThAT DESCR-iBE H-iS OWN L-iFE AND PRACT-iCE/ AND -iT WOULD NOT BE -iNAPPROPR-iATE TO -iNCLUDE A FEW OF ThESE L-iNES HERE/ TO ShOW ThE VALUE OF MODESTY -iN ThE Th-iNK-iNG OF A GREAT MANaH iT -iS AN EXCELLENT Th-iNG tHAT i HAVE -iMPARTED TO OThERS tHE POWER TO LEARN AND BECOME tHE MYST-iCAL WORLDS AND BE-iNGS; iT'S ThOUGH A Th-iNG ThAT MAKES ME SAD tHAT i MYSELF HAVE NEVER sEEN ThE SL-iGHTEST V-iS-iON oF AN ANGEL'S FACE. iT -iS A Th-iNG OF GOODNESS tHAT i HAVE PA-iD MY V-iS-iTS tO VERY HOLY PLACES aND SPARED NO EFFORT ThERE; iT'S ThOUGH A Th-iNG ThAT MAKES ME SAD tHAT ThEY COULD NOT AFFECT ME aND HERE i AM EXACTLY aS i WAS BEFORE. iT -iS A Th-iNG OF GOODNESS tHAT i HAVE HAD ThE CHANCE tO MEET AND SEEK ThE BLESS-iNGS oF MANY ThOUSAND LAMAS; iT'S ThOUGH A Th-iNG ThAT MAKES ME SAD tHAT i REMA-iN NO MORE tHAN A HOLLOW LOG OF WOOD tHAT NEVER COULD BE BLESSED. iT -iS A Th-iNG OF GOODNESS tHAT -iN SOC-iETY i'VE DRESSED UP -iN ThE HANDSOME rOBES OF A bUDDH-iST MONK; iT'S ThOUGH A Th-iNG ThAT MAKES ME SAD tHAT ON MY -iNS-iDE RA-iNS a STEADY ShOWER OF S-iNS/ oF EV-iL ThOUGHTS/ OF WRONG. iT -iS A Th-iNG OF GOODNESS tHAT i'VE DONNED ThE R-iTUAL ROBES aND TAKEN -iN MY HANDS tHE HOLY BELL AND SCEPTER; iT'S ThOUGH A Th-iNG ThAT MAKES ME SAD tHAT ST-iLL i'M STUCK -iN SEE-iNG tHE WORLD AS ORD-iNARY/ aND AS NO PARAD-iSE. iT -iS A N-iCE Th-iNG PEOPLE SPEAK oF ME -iN FLATTER-iNG TERMS aND G-iVE ME ALL ThOSE T-iTLES i REALLY DON'T DESERVE; iT'S ThOUGH A Th-iNG ThAT MAKES ME SAD tHAT ACTUALLY i'VE NOT tHE MORAL STRENGTh TO WATCH wHAT i DO AND SAY. iT -iS A TRUE Th-iNG/ ThAT -iF YOU dON'T LOOK VERY CLOSELY i SEEM TO YOU A MONK w-iTh ThE CLEANEST VOWS. iT'S ThOUGH A Th-iNG ThAT MAKES ME SAD tHAT -iF YOU REALLY CHECK yOU'LL F-iND i'VE NOT ThE SL-iGHTEST tH-iNG TO ShOW YOU NOW. bUT OF COURSE HE DOES/ AND -iN ThE PRESENT WORK gEShE wANGCHUK ShOWS H-iMSELF AS ONE OF ThE GREATEST L-iV-iNG SCHOLARS OF ThE bUDDH-iST LOG-iC TRAD-iT-iON. aBOUT ThE tEXT gEShE wANGCHUK HAS COMPLETED A COMMENTARY TO ALL FOUR CHAPTERS OF ThE cOMMENTARY ON wAL-iD pERCEPT-iON/ A FORM-iDABLE ACCOMPL-iShMENT S-iNCE EACH CHAPTER -iS PRACT-iCALLY A SEPARATE PH-iLOSOPH-iCAL CLASS-iC -iN -iTS OWN R-iGHT; Th-iS -iS BORNE OUT BY ThE FACT ThAT NUMEROUS COMMENTATORS ON ThE WORK OVER ThE CENTUR-iES HAVE/ FOR VAR-iOUS REASONS/ WR-iTTEN EXPLANAT-iONS OF ONLY ONE OR A FEW OF -iTS CHAPTERS--mASTER dHARMAK-iRT-i H-iMSELF WAS UNABLE TO COMPLETE ThE ENT-iRE AUTOCOMMENTARY DUR-iNG H-iS L-iFET-iME. tHE F-iRST TWO CHAPTERS OF ThE PRESENT COMMENTARY HAVE BEEN PUBL-iShED -iN t-iBET AND ALSO AT ThE NEW sERA mEY cOLLEGE -iN SOUTh iND-iA. tHESE BOOKS CONTA-iN SOME PR-iNT-iNG ERRORS ThAT ARE SER-iOUS ENOUGH TO JUST-iFY A NEW ED-iT-iON/ AND ThE GALLEYS TO A COMPAN-iON F-iRST VOLUME OF ThE PRESENT BOOK ARE CURRENTLY UNDER CORRECT-iON BY ThE AUThOR H-iMSELF/ AFTER WH-iCH ThEY W-iLL BE PUBL-iShED. tH-iS -iS ThE F-iRST PR-iNT-iNG OF ThE COMMENTARY TO ThE Th-iRD AND FOURTh CHAPTERS/ AND DUE TO ThE D-iFF-iCULTY OF ThE TEXT A CONS-iDERABLE AMOUNT OF ED-iT-iNG WORK WAS REQU-iRED. tHE ED-iT-iNG WAS PERFORMED BY A TEAM UNDER ThE D-iRECT-iON OF ThE VENERABLE gEShE tHUPTEN r-iNCHEN/ A STUDENT OF gEShE wANGCHUK'S FROM ThE tSANGPA hOUSE OF sERA mEY cOLLEGE/ AND H-iMSELF ONE OF ThE MOST CAPABLE SCHOLARS OF bUDDH-iST PH-iLOSOPHY AL-iVE. fORTUNATELY/ gEShE wANGCHUK H-iMSELF RECE-iVED PERM-iSS-iON TO V-iS-iT iND-iA JUST BEFORE ThE PUBL-iCAT-iON DEADL-iNE/ AND WAS ABLE TO REV-iEW ThE WORK -iN -iTS ENT-iRETY AND MAKE H-iS OWN F-iNAL CORRECT-iONS. tHE BOOK WAS TYPESET AT ThE sERA mEY cOMPUTER cENTER/ UNDER ThE AUSP-iCES OF ThE aS-iAN cLASS-iCS iNPUT pROJECT. acip -iS A NON-PROF-iT EFFORT TO PRESERVE ThE -iMPORTANT L-iTERATURE OF aS-iA -iN D-iG-iTAL FORMAT AND D-iSTR-iBUTE -iT ThROUGHOUT ThE WORLD ON COMPUTER D-iSKETTES. tHE ED-iTOR--iN-CH-iEF AND FOUNDER OF acip -iS ThE VENERABLE kHEN r-iNPOCHE gEShE lOBSANG tHARCH-iN/ A FORMER ABBOT OF sERA mEY. acip WAS BEGUN ThROUGH A GRANT FROM ThE pACKARD hUMAN-iT-iES iNST-iTUTE/ AND ThE dAV-iD AND lUC-iLE pACKARD fOUNDAT-iON. iT CURRENTLY RECE-iVES FUND-iNG FROM VAR-iOUS -iNST-iTUT-iONS/ -iNCLUD-iNG ThE nAT-iONAL eNDOWMENT FOR ThE hUMAN-iT-iES (neh) AND ThE bUDDH-iST cULTURAL eXCHANGE rESEARCH OF yU-iShO j-i/ jAPAN. pLEASE REFER TO ThE STATEMENT OF DETA-iLS OF neh SUPPORT FOR acip ON ThE COPYR-iGHT PAGE OF Th-iS PUBL-iCAT-iON. tHE ACTUAL PR-iNT-iNG OF ThE BOOK HAS BEEN COMPLETED UNDER ThE ABLE D-iRECT-iON OF mR. pRAVEEN sAREEN OF cLASS-iCS OF iND-iA pUBL-iCAT-iONS/ dELH-i/ iND-iA. dED-iCAT-iON tHE MAJOR-iTY OF ThE COST OF Th-iS PUBL-iCAT-iON (FOR 500 COP-iES) HAS BEEN BORNE BY ThE VENERABLE lHATSUN r-iNPOCHE/ A YOUNG MONK SCHOLAR AND RE-iNCARNATED LAMA FROM ThE sHUNGPA hOUSE OF sERA mEY cOLLEGE/ ON ThE OCCAS-iON OF H-iS STAND-iNG FOR H-iS r-iKCHUNG DEGREE EXAM-iNAT-iON -iN jUNE OF 1992 (t-iBETAN rOYAL YEAR 2119). hE DED-iCATES ThE V-iRTUOUS POWER OF Th-iS GOOD DEED F-iRST TO H-iS AB-iL-iTY TO PRESERVE AND UPHOLD ThE GREAT WORKS OF H-iS PREV-iOUS -iNCARNAT-iONS. hE SECONDLY PRAYS ThAT Th-iS GOODNESS W-iLL HELP H-iS FAThER/ jAMPA sOPA/ AND H-iS MOThER/ tSEWANG dROLMA/ AND ALL ThE MEMBERS OF H-iS FAM-iLY OF D-iSC-iPLES AND DEPENDENTS TO ACH-iEVE SUCCESS -iN ANY V-iRTUOUS TASK ThEY MAY UNDERTAKE. f-iNALLY HE WOULD L-iKE TO ACKNOWLEDGE AND EXPRESS H-iS APPREC-iAT-iON FOR ThE EFFORTS OF m-iCHAEL rOACH -iN PREPAR-iNG Th-iS WORK FOR PUBL-iCAT-iON/ AND PRAYS FOR ThE ULT-iMATE ACCOMPL-iShMENT OF H-iS W-iShES. aN ADD-iT-iONAL 200 COP-iES OF Th-iS WORK HAVE BEEN SPONSORED BY ThE VENERABLE lHUNDRUP lEKDEN/ UPON ThE OCCAS-iON OF H-iS STAND-iNG FOR H-iS lHARAMPA gEShE EXAM-iNAT-iONS. hE DED-iCATES ThE V-iRTUOUS POWER OF Th-iS GOOD DEED TO ThE LONG AND FRU-iTFUL L-iFE OF H-iS SP-iR-iTUAL TEACHERS. hE PRAYS ThAT -iT MAY HELP CLEAR AWAY ANY AND ALL OF ThE PAST BAD DEEDS AND SP-iR-iTUAL OBSTACLES OF ThOSE DEAR TO H-iM WHO HAVE PASSED AWAY/ BEG-iNN-iNG W-iTh H-iS OWN MOThER/ sONAM kY-iPA; AND HE PRAYS -iT MAY BR-iNG ThEM TO F-iNAL ENL-iGHTENMENT. hE PRAYS LASTLY ThAT Th-iS GOOD WORK MAY KEEP H-iS FAThER/ tENZ-iN/ AND ALL OThERS OF ThE-iR FR-iENDS AND FAM-iLY WHO ARE ST-iLL -iN Th-iS WORLD FROM ANY HARM/ AND BR-iNG ThEM EACH A LONG AND DEEPLY REL-iG-iOUS L-iFE.